tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Age and sex associate with outcome in older AML and high risk MDS patients treated with 10-day decitabine
Authors: Jacobien R. Hilberink, Isabelle A. van Zeventer, Dana A. Chitu, Thomas Pabst, Saskia K. Klein, Georg Stussi, Laimonas Griskevicius, Peter J. M. Valk, Jacqueline Cloos, Arjan A. van de Loosdrecht, Dimitri Breems, Danielle van Lammeren-Venema, Rinske Boersma, Mojca Jongen-Lavrencic, Martin Fehr, Mels Hoogendoorn, Markus G. Manz, Maaike Söhne, Rien van Marwijk Kooy, Dries Deeren, Marjolein W. M. van der Poel, Marie Cecile Legdeur, Lidwine Tick, Yves Chalandon, Emanuele Ammatuna, Sabine Blum, Bob Löwenberg, Gert J. Ossenkoppele, D. A. Chitu, S. K. Klein, L. Griskevicius, P. J. M. Valk, J. Cloos, A. A. van de Loosdrecht, D. Breems, D. van Lammeren-Venema, R. Boersma, M. Jongen-Lavrencic, M. Söhne, R. van Marwijk Kooy, D. Deeren, M. W. M. van der Poel, M. C. Legdeur, L. Tick, E. Ammatuna, B. Löwenberg, G. J. Ossenkoppele, G. Huls, T. Pabst, G. Stussi, M. Fehr, M. G. Manz, Y. Chalandon, S. Blum, Gerwin Huls
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2023)

Treatment choice according to the individual conditions remains challenging, particularly in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The impact of performance status, comorbidities, and physical functioning on survival is not well defined for patients treated with hypomethylating agents. Here we describe the impact of performance status (14% ECOG performance status 2), comorbidity (40% HCT-comorbidity index ≥ 2), and physical functioning (41% short physical performance battery < 9 and 17% ADL index < 6) on overall survival (OS) in 115 older patients (age ≥ 66 years) treated on a clinical trial with a 10-day decitabine schedule. None of the patient-related variables showed a significant association with OS. Multivariable analysis revealed that age > 76 years was significantly associated with reduced OS (HR 1.58; p = 0.043) and female sex was associated with superior OS (HR 0.62; p = 0.06). We further compared the genetic profiles of these subgroups. This revealed comparable mutational profiles in patients younger and older than 76 years, but, interestingly, revealed significantly more prevalent mutated ASXL1, STAG2, and U2AF1 in male compared to female patients. In this cohort of older patients treated with decitabine age and sex, but not comorbidities, physical functioning or cytogenetic risk were associated with overall survival.
Abstract 257: Epidemiological Trends In Mean Age At Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Shaveta Khosla, Marina Del Rios, Pavitra Kotini-Shah, E B Bunney, Teri L Campbell, Courtney Schwerin, Eddie Markul, Katie Tataris, Joseph Weber, Terry L Vanden Hoek
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Nearly 1000 cardiac arrest cases are reported in the US every day, and 70-90% of the cases die before reaching the hospital. In this study, we aimed to describe trends in mean age of cardiac arrest in Chicago. Method: We analyzed adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) cases reported to Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) database and served by Chicago Emergency Medical Services from 2014-2021. We excluded pediatric cases, and cases with missing age. The annual data were combined to create two-year cycles. The trends in the mean age of cardiac arrest cases were calculated using linear regression models. Results: 21,532 OHCA cases occurred during 2014-2021, and 61% were males, 57% Black, 26% White, 12% Hispanic/Latino and 5% Others. The mean age of OHCA was 62.9 years. The mean age decreased from 64.7 (in 2014-2015) to 61.5 (in 2020-2021) with a biennial change of -1.1 (p&lt;0.01). The median age followed the same pattern with a decrease from 65 (in 2014-2015) to 62 years (in 2020-2021). Similar trends were noticed by gender. The mean age decreased in males (biennial change of -1.2; p&lt;0.01) and in females (biennial change=-0.6; p&lt;0.01) but was less pronounced in females. The mean age decreased significantly in White, Black, and Hispanic/Latino cases. However, in Asian cases, even though a decrease was noticed, it was not statistically significant. The largest decrease in mean age was in Black cases (biennial change of -1.2; p&lt;0.01), followed by Hispanic/Latino cases (-0.7; p=0.03). When examined by race/ethnicity and gender, Black male cases had the largest decrease in mean age at cardiac arrest (-1.4; p&lt;0.01). Conclusion: This analysis presents a concerning trend and speaks to the need for additional research and surveillance mechanisms to identify people at risk for OHCA. Early age at cardiac arrest could mean more years of potential life lost (YPLL). Changes in YPLL and disability-adjusted life years should also be explored in future studies.
Effect of T4 Count and Cofactors on the Incidence of AIDS in Homosexual Men Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: James J. Goedert
Journal: JAMA (1987)

We prospectively evaluated potential markers and cofactors for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 86 homosexual men who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus antibodies. During three years of follow-up, 19 men developed AIDS. Risk of AIDS was clearly predicted by the total number of circulating OKT4-positive lymphocytes (T4 count) at enrollment, while the corresponding T8 count was unrelated to subsequent AIDS development. Subjects in Manhattan had a higher risk of Kaposi's sarcoma than did subjects in Washington, DC, and the risk of AIDS tended to increase with numerous homosexual partners. Several of 40 potential cofactors defined ex post facto, including receptive fellatio, enemas, methaqualone use, and high levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen, appeared to be associated with Kaposi's sarcoma but not with<i>Pneumocystis</i>pneumonia. Our data suggest that potent cofactors for<i>Pneumocystis</i>pneumonia were not prominent, pointing to the need for effective drug therapies, particularly to reduce the high AIDS risk of persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection and low T4 counts. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:331-334)
A National Health Program for the United States
Authors: David U. Himmelstein, Steffie Woolhandler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Abstract Our health care system is failing. Tens of millions of people are uninsured, costs are skyrocketing, and the bureaucracy is expanding. Patchwork reforms succeed only in exchanging old problems for new ones. It is time for basic change in American medicine. We propose a national health program that would (1) fully cover every-one under a single, comprehensive public insurance program; (2) pay hospitals and nursing homes a total (global) annual amount to cover all operating expenses; (3) fund capital costs through separate appropriations; (4) pay for physicians' services and ambulatory services in any of three ways: through fee-for-service payments with a simplified fee schedule and mandatory acceptance of the national health program payment as the total payment for a service or procedure (assignment), through global budgets for hospitals and clinics employing salaried physicians, or on a per capita basis (capitation); (5) be funded, at least initially, from the same sources as at present, but with all payments disbursed from a single pool; and (6) contain costs through savings on billing and bureaucracy, improved health planning, and the ability of the national health program, as the single payer for services, to establish overall spending limits. Through this proposal, we hope to provide a pragmatic framework for public debate of fundamental health-policy reform. (N Engl J Med 1989; 320:102–8.)
Impact of supraphysiologic MDM2 expression on chromatin networks and therapeutic responses in sarcoma
Authors: Samantha M. Bevill, Salvador Casaní-Galdón, Chadi A. El Farran, Eli G. Cytrynbaum, Kevin A. Macias, Sylvie E. Oldeman, Kayla J. Oliveira, Molly M. Moore, Esmat Hegazi, Carmen Adriaens, Fadi J. Najm, George D. Demetri, Sonia Cohen, John T. Mullen, Nicolò Riggi, Sarah E. Johnstone, Bradley E. Bernstein
Journal: Cell Genomics (2023)

Amplification of MDM2 on supernumerary chromosomes is a common mechanism of P53 inactivation across tumors. Here, we investigated the impact of MDM2 overexpression on chromatin, gene expression, and cellular phenotypes in liposarcoma. Three independent regulatory circuits predominate in aggressive, dedifferentiated tumors. RUNX and AP-1 family transcription factors bind mesenchymal gene enhancers. P53 and MDM2 co-occupy enhancers and promoters associated with P53 signaling. When highly expressed, MDM2 also binds thousands of P53-independent growth and stress response genes, whose promoters engage in multi-way topological interactions. Overexpressed MDM2 concentrates within nuclear foci that co-localize with PML and YY1 and could also contribute to P53-independent phenotypes associated with supraphysiologic MDM2. Importantly, we observe striking cell-to-cell variability in MDM2 copy number and expression in tumors and models. Whereas liposarcoma cells are generally sensitive to MDM2 inhibitors and their combination with pro-apoptotic drugs, MDM2-high cells tolerate them and may underlie the poor clinical efficacy of these agents.
Fragile Empires
Authors: Ian Wicks
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Retraction
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2023)

Retraction: Pavelka, K., Trč, T., Karpaš, K., Vítek, P., Sedláčková, M., Vlasáková, V., Böhmová, J. and Rovenský, J. (2007), The efficacy and safety of diacerein in the treatment of painful osteoarthritis of the knee: A randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with primary end points at two months after the end of a three-month treatment period. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 56: 4055-4064. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.23056. The above article, published online on November 29, 2007 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal's Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Daniel H. Solomon, the American College of Rheumatology, and Wiley Periodicals LLC. The retraction has been agreed following a post-hoc analysis by the research's funder, TRB Chemedica International SA, that identified a discrepancy between the preliminary results of the post-hoc analysis and the results of the published article. The statistical analysis performed using the original database is deemed no longer reliable and the conclusions of the original study regarding the efficacy of diacerein versus placebo are not supported by robust data. As a result, the editors and funder are issuing this retraction.
Sublingual Dissolving Microneedle (SLDMN)‐Based Vaccine for Inducing Mucosal Immunity against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Youseong Kim, In Ho Park, Jiwoo Shin, Jaibyung Choi, Chansol Jeon, Seonghun Jeon, Jeon‐Soo Shin, Hyungil Jung
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

The coronavirus pandemic has accelerated the development of next-generation vaccination technology to combat future pandemic outbreaks. Mucosal vaccination effectively protects the mucosal surfaces, the primary sites of viral entry, by inducing the secretion of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and humoral IgG. Here, a dissolving microneedle (DMN) is adopted as a mucosal vaccine delivery platform to directly penetrate the sublingual site, which is rich in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and lymphoid tissues. The sublingual dissolving microneedle (SLDMN) vaccination platform comprised a micropillar-based compartment and a 3D-printed SLDMN applicator as a substitute for the DMN patch. The penetration efficacy of SLDMNs is assessed using in vitro optical coherence tomography (OCT) and in vivo histological analysis. The efficacy of SLDMN is also evaluated in a vaccine form using the recombinant spike (S1) protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Furthermore, SLDMN is used to challenge transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptors. Its effects are evaluated on antibody production, survival rate, and inflammation attenuation after infection compared to the intramuscular (IM) injections. Overall, SLDMN effectively induced mucosal immunity via IgA secretion, attenuated lung inflammation, and lowered the levels of cytokines and chemokines, which may prevent the "cytokine storm" after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Prospective Associations of Childhood Housing Insecurity With Anxiety and Depression Symptoms During Childhood and Adulthood
Authors: Ryan Keen, Jarvis T. Chen, Natalie Slopen, Megan Sandel, William E. Copeland, Henning Tiemeier
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Childhood housing insecurity has dramatically increased in the US in recent decades, but whether an association with adverse mental health outcomes exists after adjusting for repeated measures of childhood poverty is unclear.
Incidence, prevention, risk factors, and prediction of venous thromboembolism in Chinese patients after colorectal cancer surgery: a prospective, multicenter cohort study
Authors: Qi Wei, Zheng-Qiang Wei, Chang-Qing Jing, Yong-Xiang Li, Dong-Bing Zhou, Mou-Bin Lin, Xian-Li He, Fan Li, Qian Liu, Jian-Yong Zheng, Gui-Ying Wang, Shi-Liang Tu, Zhen-Jun Wang, Ang Li, Gang Xiao, Jing Zhuang, Lian Bai, He Huang, Yong Li, Wu Song, Zhong-Lin Liang, Zhan-Long Shen, Fan-Long Liu, Yong Dai, Xiao-Jun Zhou, Ming Dong, Hui Wang, Jian Qiu, Lei Zhou, Xin-Xiang Li, Zi-Qiang Wang, Hong Zhang, Quan Wang, Ming-Hui Pang, Hong-Bo Wei, Zhi-Qian Hu, Yi-Dan Yan, Yan Che, Zhi-Chun Gu, Hong-Wei Yao, Zhong-Tao Zhang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common and serious complication after colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery. Few large-sample studies have reported VTE incidence and management status after CRC surgery in China. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and prevention of VTE in Chinese patients after CRC surgery, identify risk factors for developing VTE, and construct a new scoring system for clinical decision-making and care planning.Participants were recruited from 46 centers in 17 provinces in China. Patients were followed up for 1 month postoperatively. The study period was from May 2021 to May 2022. The Caprini score risk stratification and VTE prevention and incidence were recorded. The predictors of the occurrence of VTE after surgery were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis, and a prediction model (CRC-VTE score) was developed.A total of 1836 patients were analyzed. The postoperative Caprini scores ranged from 1 to 16 points, with a median of 6 points. Of these, 10.1% were classified as low risk (0-2 points), 7.4% as moderate risk (3-4 points), and 82.5% as high risk (≥5 points). Among these patients, 1210 (65.9%) received pharmacological prophylaxis, and 1061 (57.8%) received mechanical prophylaxis. The incidence of short-term VTE events after CRC surgery was 11.2% (95% CI 9.8-12.7), including deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (11.0%, 95% CI 9.6-12.5) and pulmonary embolism (PE) (0.2%, 95% CI 0-0.5). Multifactorial analysis showed that age (≥70 years), history of varicose veins in the lower extremities, cardiac insufficiency, female sex, preoperative bowel obstruction, preoperative bloody/tarry stool, and anesthesia time at least 180 min were independent risk factors for postoperative VTE. The CRC-VTE model was developed from these seven factors and had good VTE predictive performance ( C -statistic 0.72, 95% CI 0.68-0.76).This study provided a national perspective on the incidence and prevention of VTE after CRC surgery in China. The study offers guidance for VTE prevention in patients after CRC surgery. A practical CRC-VTE risk predictive model was proposed.
Rate-Adaptive Atrial Pacing for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Joshua S. Yamamoto
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fever in Children With Sickle Cell Disease—Rethinking the Approach When Bacteremia Is Rare
Authors: Suzie A. Noronha, John J. Strouse
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Stephen Rineer, MD; Patrick S. Walsh, MD, MS; Luke R. Smart, MD; Nusrat Harun, PhD; David Schnadower, MD, MPH; Matthew J. Lipshaw, MD, MS
Rate-Adaptive Atrial Pacing for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Daniel J. Friedman, Marat Fudim
Journal: JAMA (2023)

To the Editor Although the RAPID-HF study1 represents an important contribution to understanding the challenges of treating bradycardia in patients with HFpEF, we are concerned that it may have the potential to result in inappropriate underuse of pacing in patients with symptomatic bradycardia.
Reframing the Key Questions Regarding Screening for Suicide Risk
Authors: Gregory E. Simon, Julie E. Richards, Ursula Whiteside
Journal: JAMA (2023)

US Preventive Services Task Force; Michael J. Barry, MD; Wanda K. Nicholson, MD, MPH, MBA; Michael Silverstein, MD, MPH; David Chelmow, MD; Tumaini Rucker Coker, MD, MBA; Karina W. Davidson, PhD, MASc; Esa M. Davis, MD, MPH; Katrina E. Donahue, MD, MPH; Carlos Roberto Jaén, MD, PhD, MS; Li Li, MD, PhD, MPH; Gbenga Ogedegbe, MD, MPH; Lori Pbert, PhD; Goutham Rao, MD; John M. Ruiz, PhD; James J. Stevermer, MD, MSPH; Joel Tsevat, MD, MPH; Sandra Millon Underwood, PhD, RN; John B. Wong, MD
Evidence of Lack of Treatment Efficacy Derived From Statistically Nonsignificant Results of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Thomas Perneger, Angèle Gayet-Ageron
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Many randomized clinical trials yield statistically nonsignificant results. Such results are difficult to interpret within the dominant statistical framework.To estimate the strength of evidence in favor of the null hypothesis of no effect vs the prespecified effectiveness hypothesis among nonsignificant primary outcome results of randomized clinical trials by application of the likelihood ratio.Cross-sectional study of statistically nonsignificant results for primary outcomes of randomized clinical trials published in 6 leading general medical journals in 2021.The likelihood ratio for the null hypothesis of no effect vs the effectiveness hypothesis stated in the trial protocol (alternate hypothesis). The likelihood ratio quantifies the support that the data provide to one hypothesis vs the other.In 130 articles that reported 169 statistically nonsignificant results for primary outcomes, 15 results (8.9%) favored the alternate hypothesis (likelihood ratio, <1), and 154 (91.1%) favored the null hypothesis of no effect (likelihood ratio, >1). For 117 (69.2%), the likelihood ratio exceeded 10; for 88 (52.1%), it exceeded 100; and for 50 (29.6%), it exceeded 1000. Likelihood ratios were only weakly correlated with P values (Spearman r, 0.16; P = .045).A large proportion of statistically nonsignificant primary outcome results of randomized clinical trials provided strong support for the hypothesis of no effect vs the alternate hypothesis of clinical efficacy stated a priori. Reporting the likelihood ratio may improve the interpretation of clinical trials, particularly when observed differences in the primary outcome are statistically nonsignificant.
Can We Screen Parents Around the World About the Mental Health of Their Children? Yes, Just Ask
Authors: Donald E. Greydanus
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Mirelle Kass, BA; Lindsay Alexander, MPH; Kathleen Moskowitz, BA; Najé James, BS; Giovanni Abrahão Salum, MD, PhD; Bennett Leventhal, MD; Kathleen Merikangas, PhD; Michael Peter Milham, MD, PhD
Autoimmune, inflammatory, allergic and neuropsychiatric outcomes of offspring born to mothers with vitiligo: a nationwide Korean population-based birth cohort study
Authors: Ju Hee Han, Hyun Jeong Ju, Hyun Kang, Ji Hae Lee, Solam Lee, Jung Min Bae
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

This study analysed a nationwide cohort from birth up to 17 years of age and tried to adjust for various confounding factors that could potentially influence disease development. Our findings showed that offspring born to mothers with vitiligo had a significantly higher risk of vitiligo, alopecia areata and atopic dermatitis compared with the control group.
Effects of Technology Assisted Stepped Collaborative Care Intervention to Improve Symptoms in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Manisha Jhamb, Jennifer L. Steel, Jonathan G. Yabes, Maria-Eleni Roumelioti, Sarah Erickson, Susan M. Devaraj, Kevin E. Vowles, Yoram Vodovotz, Scott Beach, Steven D. Weisbord, Bruce L. Rollman, Mark Unruh
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) undergoing long-term hemodialysis often experience a high burden of debilitating symptoms for which effective treatment options are limited.