tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhaled Industrial Acetylene
Authors: Richard J. Foley
Journal: JAMA (1985)

DIABETIC ketoacidosis is a relatively simple diagnosis in a patient known to have diabetes, yet the differential diagnosis on the initial presentation of a new patient includes all the standard causes of an elevated anion gap acidosis.<sup>1</sup>In a patient with severe anion gap acidosis, hyperglycemia, and ketonuria, the presumptive diagnosis would be diabetic ketoacidosis. Because ketones can elevate serum creatinine levels through chemical interference, an inappropriately elevated serum creatinine level provides indirect evidence for ketosis.<sup>2</sup>The following case report describes a patient with marked anion gap acidosis, hyperglycemia, glycosuria, elevated creatinine levels, and ketonuria who did not have diabetic ketoacidosis or diabetes mellitus. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 28-year-old man was brought to the emergency room after being found "down" at his work site 15 minutes after the start of his shift. He was conscious on arrival (30 minutes after being found) and complained of severe chest
Ginseng Abuse Syndrome
Authors: Ronald K. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1979)

GINSENG has been used by man for thousands of years, and Oriental folk medicine describes it as both a tonic for restoration of strength and a panacea (hence, the genus<i>Panax</i>, meaning all healing). The term "ginseng" can refer to any of 22 related plants, but it is generally associated with<i>P ginseng</i>.<sup>1</sup>It is widely used in contemporary Chinese medicine as a stimulant to increase metabolism and to regulate blood pressure and blood glucose.<sup>2</sup>The only recognized medical use in the United States is as a demulcent in skin ointments. Recently there has been increased Western interest in ginseng, and it is readily available in health food stores, markets, and drugstores in a bewildering assortment of commercial preparations. Numerous popular books have promoted ginseng as a healthful tonic, stimulant, and aphrodisiac.<sup>3-8</sup>Using current import and sales statistics from members of the Herb Trade Association, I have
The Case for Case-Mix Adjustment in Practice Profiling
Authors: Susanne Salem-Schatz
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the influence of patient characteristics on practice profiling. Using the example of specialty referrals by primary care physicians, we evaluated the impact of adjusting for patient characteristics (age/sex vs case mix) on the estimation of practice variation, the identification of outlier practices, and the evaluation of potential predictors of variation. <h3>Design and Setting.</h3> —We applied several measurement strategies to a retrospective cohort of patients (N=37 830) within 52 physician practices in a large staffmodel health maintenance organization during a 1-year period. <h3>Outcome Measures.</h3> —We calculated unadjusted referral rates and adjusted standardized referral ratios for each physician. Using these, we determined coefficients of variation and statistical "outlier status." <h3>Results.</h3> —Adjustment for patient characteristics decreased the observed variation in referral profiles, with a decrease of more than 50% in the coefficient of variation. Three quarters of the physicians identified as statistical outliers with use of an age/sex—adjusted measure were no longer identified as such with use of a case-mix—adjusted measure. Several key predictors of unadjusted referral rate (including physician age, practice tenure, site of practice, and extent of laboratory test ordering) dropped out of regression models when the outcome variable was adjusted for patient characteristics. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Failure to adjust for case mix in physician practice profiles may lead to overestimates of variation and misidentification of outliers. To the extent that unadjusted practice profiles are used for decisions about education, sanctions, or employment, physicians may be subject to inequitable decisions and actions. Misinformation about the causes and extent of practice variation may also lead to misdirection of scarce resources for quality improvement efforts. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:871-874)
Shortwave Infrared Imaging Enables High-Contrast Fluorescence-Guided Surgery in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Laura Privitera, Dale J. Waterhouse, Alessandra Preziosi, Irene Paraboschi, Olumide Ogunlade, Chiara Da Pieve, Marta Barisa, Olumide Ogunbiyi, Gregory Weitsman, J. Ciaran Hutchinson, Kate Cross, Lorenzo Biassoni, Danail Stoyanov, Neil Sebire, Paul Beard, Paolo De Coppi, Gabriela Kramer-Marek, John Anderson, Stefano Giuliani
Journal: Cancer Research (2023)

Abstract Fluorescence-guided surgery is set to play a pivotal role in the intraoperative management of pediatric tumors. Shortwave infrared imaging (SWIR) has advantages over conventional near-infrared I (NIR-I) imaging with reduced tissue scattering and autofluorescence. Here, two NIR-I dyes (IRDye800CW and IR12), with long tails emitting in the SWIR range, were conjugated with a clinical-grade anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody (dinutuximab-beta) to compare NIR-I and SWIR imaging for neuroblastoma surgery. A first-of-its-kind multispectral NIR-I/SWIR fluorescence imaging device was constructed to allow an objective comparison between the two imaging windows. Conjugates were first characterized in vitro. Tissue-mimicking phantoms, imaging specimens of known geometric and material composition, were used to assess the sensitivity and depth penetration of the NIR-I/SWIR device, showing a minimum detectable volume of ∼0.9 mm3 and depth penetration up to 3 mm. In vivo, fluorescence imaging using the NIR-I/SWIR device showed a high tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) for both dyes, with anti–GD2-IR800 being significantly brighter than anti–GD2-IR12. Crucially, the system enabled higher TBR at SWIR wavelengths than at NIR-I wavelengths, verifying SWIR imaging enables high-contrast delineation of tumor margins. This work demonstrates that by combining the high specificity of anti-GD2 antibodies with the availability and translatability of existing NIR-I dyes, along with the advantages of SWIR in terms of depth and tumor signal-to-background ratio, GD2-targeted NIR-I/SWIR-guided surgery could improve the treatment of patients with neuroblastoma, warranting investigation in future clinical trials. Significance: Multispectral near-infrared I/shortwave infrared fluorescence imaging is a versatile system enabling high tumor-to-background signal for safer and more complete resection of pediatric tumors during surgery.
Dupilumab‐associated ocular surface disease in atopic dermatitis patients: Clinical characteristics, ophthalmic treatment response and conjunctival goblet cell analysis
Authors: Roselie Achten, Judith Thijs, Marlot van der Wal, Chantal van Luijk, Marlies de Graaf, Daphne Bakker, Joke de Boer, Femke van Wijk, Marjolein de Bruin‐Weller
Journal: Allergy (2023)

Abstract Background Dupilumab‐associated ocular surface disease (DAOSD) is frequently reported as side effect in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and severity of DAOSD, ophthalmic treatment response and to learn more about the effect of dupilumab on conjunctival goblet cells (GC). Methods This prospective study included dupilumab‐treated AD patients between February 2020 and June 2022 from the University Medical Centre Utrecht. Patients were examined by an ophthalmologist and a dermatologist before start (baseline), and after 4 and 28 weeks of dupilumab treatment. Ophthalmological examination was assessed by the Utrecht Ophthalmic Inflammatory and Allergic disease (UTOPIA) score. DAOSD was defined as an increase in UTOPIA score of ≥3 points from baseline. To quantify conjunctival GCs and to investigate the percentage of Cytokeratin 19 (CK19)‐CD45‐Mucin 5 AC (MUC5AC)+ cells, conjunctival impression cytology samples were analysed. Results Ocular surface disease (OSD) was present in 91.3% ( n = 63/69) patients at baseline. DAOSD was observed in 28.9% ( n = 20/69) patients, in whom GC numbers remained stable and the percentage of CK19‐CD45‐MUC5AC+ cells decreased at onset of DAOSD compared with baseline. After 28 weeks of dupilumab treatment, DAOSD was seen in 14.5% ( n = 10/69) patients. Of the 85.5% ( n = 59/69) patients without DAOSD or with controlled DAOSD at Week 28, 40.7% ( n = 24/59) patients received anti‐inflammatory ophthalmic drugs. Conclusions Ocular surface disease is common in moderate‐to‐severe AD patients before starting dupilumab. During treatment with dupilumab DAOSD severity improves with early ophthalmic treatment. The decrease in percentage of CK19‐CD45‐MUC5AC+ cells during dupilumab treatment suggests an impairment of the GC function due to dupilumab treatment.
A scoping review of portable sensing for out-of-lab anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention and rehabilitation
Authors: Tian Tan, Anthony A. Gatti, Bingfei Fan, Kevin G. Shea, Seth L. Sherman, Scott D. Uhlrich, Jennifer L. Hicks, Scott L. Delp, Peter B. Shull, Akshay S. Chaudhari
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2023)

Abstract Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and ACL reconstruction (ACLR) surgery are common. Laboratory-based biomechanical assessment can evaluate ACL injury risk and rehabilitation progress after ACLR; however, lab-based measurements are expensive and inaccessible to most people. Portable sensors such as wearables and cameras can be deployed during sporting activities, in clinics, and in patient homes. Although many portable sensing approaches have demonstrated promising results during various assessments related to ACL injury, they have not yet been widely adopted as tools for out-of-lab assessment. The purpose of this review is to summarize research on out-of-lab portable sensing applied to ACL and ACLR and offer our perspectives on new opportunities for future research and development. We identified 49 original research articles on out-of-lab ACL-related assessment; the most common sensing modalities were inertial measurement units, depth cameras, and RGB cameras. The studies combined portable sensors with direct feature extraction, physics-based modeling, or machine learning to estimate a range of biomechanical parameters (e.g., knee kinematics and kinetics) during jump-landing tasks, cutting, squats, and gait. Many of the reviewed studies depict proof-of-concept methods for potential future clinical applications including ACL injury risk screening, injury prevention training, and rehabilitation assessment. By synthesizing these results, we describe important opportunities that exist for clinical validation of existing approaches, using sophisticated modeling techniques, standardization of data collection, and creation of large benchmark datasets. If successful, these advances will enable widespread use of portable-sensing approaches to identify ACL injury risk factors, mitigate high-risk movements prior to injury, and optimize rehabilitation paradigms.
Breaking a Dogma: High‐Throughput Live‐Cell Imaging in Real‐Time with Hoechst 33342
Authors: Heiko Fuchs, Kirsten Jahn, Xiaonan Hu, Roland Meister, Maximilian Binter, Carsten Framme
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Automated high‐throughput live cell imaging (LCI) enables investigation of substance effects on cells in vitro. Usually, cell number is analyzed by phase‐contrast imaging, which is reliable only for a few cell types. Therefore, an accurate cell counting method, such as staining the nuclei with Hoechst 33342 before LCI, will be desirable. However, since the mid‐1980s, the dogma exists that Hoechst can only be used for endpoint analyses because of its cytotoxic properties and the potentially phototoxic effects of the excitation light. Since microscopic camera sensitivity has significantly improved, this study investigates whether this dogma is still justified. Therefore, exposure parameters are optimized using a 4× objective, and the minimum required Hoechst concentration is evaluated, allowing LCI at 30‐min intervals over 5 days. Remarkably, a Hoechst concentration of only 57 × 10 −9 m significantly inhibits proliferation and thus impairs cell viability. However, Hoechst concentrations between 7 × 10 −9 and 28 × 10 −9 m can be determined, which are neither cytotoxic nor impacting cell viability, proliferation, or signaling pathways. The method can be adapted to regular inverted fluorescence microscopes and allows, for example, to determine the cytotoxicity of a substance or the transduction efficiency, with the advantage that the analysis can be repeated at any desired time point.
cRGD-targeted heparin nanoparticles for effective dual drug treatment of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer
Authors: Xiaomei Liang, Yulu Yang, Chuanqing Huang, Zhibin Ye, Wujiang Lai, Jiamao Luo, Xiaoxuan Li, Xiao Yi, Jun-Bing Fan, Ying Wang, Yifeng Wang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2023)
Bio‐Inspired Antioxidant Heparin‐Mimetic Peptide Hydrogel for Radiation‐Induced Skin Injury Repair
Authors: Yusen Hao, Hui Li, Jiajun Guo, Dan Wang, Jiamin Zhang, Jinjian Liu, Cuihong Yang, Yumin Zhang, Guoliang Li, Jianfeng Liu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Radiotherapy is one of the most important means of cancer treatment, however, radiation can also cause adverse reactions and even serious injuries to the skin. Radiation‐induced excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammatory infiltration make skin wounds difficult to heal compared to normal skin injuries. Herein, an antioxidant heparin‐mimetic peptide hydrogel (K16, KYKYEYEYAGEGDSS‐4Sa) is designed for radiation‐induced skin injury (RISI) repair. First, the K16 peptide can self‐assemble into a hydrogel with a 3D mesh‐like porous nanofiber structure, which can provide certain physical support for skin repair like extracellular matrix (ECM). Then, K16 hydrogel not only scavenges ROS and prevents radiation damage to cellular DNA, but also promotes cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Meanwhile, 4‐sulfobenzoic acid (4Sa) modified at the N‐terminal end of the K16 peptide can adsorb inflammatory cytokines, thus acting to eliminate inflammation at the wound site. In vivo experiments showed that K16 hydrogel can inhibit early wound degradation, reduce inflammatory infiltration, and promote angiogenesis and collagen deposition, thus promoting wound healing. Therefore, the K16 hydrogel designed in this study has good potential for application in the field of radiation‐induced skin injury repair.
<i>JAMA Neurology</i>—The Year in Review, 2022
Authors: S. Andrew Josephson
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

Reflecting on the last 12 months here at JAMA Neurology, I am struck by just how much the journal continues to thrive, thanks in large part to all of you.While we continued to receive a number of high-quality submissions related to COVID-19, it felt more like prepandemic business as usual, as we published a widerange of articles across a diverse set of neurologic disorders.I want to deeply thank all of the journal's editors, editorial board members, authors, and peer reviewers (who are listed elsewhere) 1 for their tremendous contributions in 2022.Most importantly, I want to express my gratitude for all of you, our readers, who enable the journal to help inform the field when our online issue is released every Monday.We know that you have many choices for sources of information, and we are humbled that you continue to make JAMA Neurology a priority.Without our readers and the tremendous feedback you provide, the journal would not have been able to be so successful over the 6 years our team and I have been fortunate to steward it.This year, the journal's impact factor reached a record high of 29.9.3][4][5][6] The 2380 manuscripts submitted this year (Table ) required the editors to remain highly selective, yielding a 9% acceptance rate for all manuscripts and 7% for research manuscripts.This selectivity was met with a continued commitment to rapid turnaround times to best serve the journal's authors.In 2022, decisions were sent to authors in a median of 4 days without peer review and 33 days with peer review.Authors choose to publish in JAMA Neurology for a variety of reasons, but many have shared that the tremendous dissemination and visibility of articles published in the journal are what drive their decision to submit their manuscripts to us.More than 6.2 million article views and downloads and nearly 13 000 news media mentions highlighted the articles published this past year to a broad audience, leading many articles to receive high Altmetric scores (measures of news and social media attention). 3,7,8More than 110 000 people receive our weekly electronic Table of Contents free of charge, and many of these highlights are also disseminated to more than 113 000 social media followers, including on our website, jamaneurology.com.A number of important changes have taken place during the last year.The addition of our new Associate Editor for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, Ashley Rawls, MD, MS, has facilitated an improved focus and increased rigor in these important areas.Her work with editors in similar positions across the JAMA Network continues to improve the quality of JAMA
Toward a biomarker panel measured in CNS-originating extracellular vesicles for improved differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy
Authors: Hash Brown Taha, Simon Hornung, Suman Dutta, Leony Fenwick, Otmane Lahgui, Kathryn Howe, Nour Elabed, Irish del Rosario, Darice Y. Wong, Aline Duarte Folle, Daniela Markovic, Jose-Alberto Palma, Un Jung Kang, Roy N. Alcalay, Miriam Sklerov, Horacio Kaufmann, Brent L. Fogel, Jeff M. Bronstein, Beate Ritz, Gal Bitan
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2023)
Recording of intellectual disability in general hospitals in England 2006–2019: Cohort study using linked datasets
Authors: Rory Sheehan, Hassan Mansour, Matthew Broadbent, Angela Hassiotis, Christoph Mueller, Robert Stewart, Andre Strydom, Andrew Sommerlad
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2023)

Accurate recognition and recording of intellectual disability in those who are admitted to general hospitals is necessary for making reasonable adjustments, ensuring equitable access, and monitoring quality of care. In this study, we determined the rate of recording of intellectual disability in those with the condition who were admitted to hospital and factors associated with the condition being unrecorded.Retrospective cohort study using 2 linked datasets of routinely collected clinical data in England. We identified adults with diagnosed intellectual disability in a large secondary mental healthcare database and used general hospital records to investigate recording of intellectual disability when people were admitted to general hospitals between 2006 and 2019. Trends over time and factors associated with intellectual disability being unrecorded were investigated. We obtained data on 2,477 adults with intellectual disability who were admitted to a general hospital in England at least once during the study period (total number of admissions = 27,314; median number of admissions = 5). People with intellectual disability were accurately recorded as having the condition during 2.9% (95% CI 2.7% to 3.1%) of their admissions. Broadening the criteria to include a nonspecific code of learning difficulty increased recording to 27.7% (95% CI 27.2% to 28.3%) of all admissions. In analyses adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic deprivation, having a mild intellectual disability and being married were associated with increased odds of the intellectual disability being unrecorded in hospital records. We had no measure of quality of hospital care received and could not relate this to the presence or absence of a record of intellectual disability in the patient record.Recognition and recording of intellectual disability in adults admitted to English general hospitals needs to be improved. Staff awareness training, screening at the point of admission, and data sharing between health and social care services could improve care for people with intellectual disability.
Exercise-Induced Left Atrial Hypertension in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Sheldon E. Litwin, Jan Komtebedde, Mo Hu, Daniel Burkhoff, Gerd Hasenfuß, Barry A. Borlaug, Scott D. Solomon, Michael R. Zile, Rajeev C. Mohan, Rami Khawash, Aaron L. Sverdlov, Peter Fail, Eugene S. Chung, David M. Kaye, John Blair, Jean-Christophe Eicher, Scott L. Hummel, Andreas Zirlik, Ralf Westenfeld, Christopher Hayward, Thomas M. Gorter, Catherine Demers, Ranjith Shetty, Gregory Lewis, Randall C. Starling, Sanjay Patel, Deepak K. Gupta, Hakim Morsli, Martin Penicka, Maja Cikes, Finn Gustafsson, Frank E. Silvestry, Ethan J. Rowin, Donald E. Cutlip, Martin B. Leon, Dalane W. Kitzman, Franz X. Kleber, Sanjiv J. Shah
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2023)
Bridging the Know-Do Gap in Hospital Care Transitions
Authors: Charlie M. Wray, Christine D. Jones
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

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Single-cell profiling identifies a novel human polyclonal unconventional T cell lineage
Authors: Lore Billiet, Laurenz De Cock, Guillem Sanchez Sanchez, Rupert L. Mayer, Glenn Goetgeluk, Stijn De Munter, Melissa Pille, Joline Ingels, Hanne Jansen, Karin Weening, Eva Pascal, Killian Raes, Sarah Bonte, Tessa Kerre, Niels Vandamme, Ruth Seurinck, Jana Roels, Marieke Lavaert, Filip Van Nieuwerburgh, Georges Leclercq, Tom Taghon, Francis Impens, Björn Menten, David Vermijlen, Bart Vandekerckhove
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2023)

In the human thymus, a CD10+ PD-1+ TCRαβ+ differentiation pathway diverges from the conventional single positive T cell lineages at the early double-positive stage. Here, we identify the progeny of this unconventional lineage in antigen-inexperienced blood. These unconventional T cells (UTCs) in thymus and blood share a transcriptomic profile, characterized by hallmark transcription factors (i.e., ZNF683 and IKZF2), and a polyclonal TCR repertoire with autoreactive features, exhibiting a bias toward early TCRα chain rearrangements. Single-cell RNA sequencing confirms a common developmental trajectory between the thymic and blood UTCs and clearly delineates this unconventional lineage in blood. Besides MME+ recent thymic emigrants, effector-like clusters are identified in this heterogeneous lineage. Expression of Helios and KIR and a decreased CD8β expression are characteristics of this lineage. This UTC lineage could be identified in adult blood and intestinal tissues. In summary, our data provide a comprehensive characterization of the polyclonal unconventional lineage in antigen-inexperienced blood and identify the adult progeny.