tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A new view on one form of chronic hepatitis
Authors: Gary A. Alt
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), have gathered evidence that challenges established views on the severity, etiology, and treatment of chronic active hepatitis (the more aggressive form of chronic hepatitis, as contrasted with chronic persistent hepatitis). Using computerized data from dozens of San Francisco Bay area physicians, a team led by gastroenterologist David Altman, MD, found that patients with chronic active hepatitis in the Bay Area are not as ill as those usually described. The team also identified far more cases that were apparently caused by hepatitis B viral infection than the literature would indicate. These findings may signal the need to reevaluate the standard treatments for chronic active hepatitis. Altman's team reported its findings at the recent meeting of the Association of American Physicians in Washington, DC. Striking more than 2,000 Americans each year, chronic active hepatitis can lead to the formation of fibrosis in the
Hypervitaminosis Causing Pseudotumor Cerebri
Authors: Michael S. Fedotin
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A young woman with excess vitamin A intake presented with headache, diploplia, and papilledema which regressed when the taking of the vitamin was stopped. This is an unusual case in an adult, with pseudotumor cerebri as the only manifestation of hypervitaminosis. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> An 18-year-old female student entered the Ohio State University Hospital on Dec 3, 1968, complaining of double vision and headaches. For the previous three months, she had noted nonspecific generalized headaches. One month prior to admission, she noted the onset of a rubbing noise in her right ear and peripheral visual difficulty. Five days before admission she developed persistent diploplia and papilledema. There were no other symptoms. Vitamin A tablets, 50,000 units three times a day, had been prescribed four years previously. She had a mild case of acne and was given tetracycline intermittently during this four-year period. She had been taking
Protecting Human Subjects of Biomedical Research
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

CONGRESS and the White House are weighing tighter measures to protect human subjects of biomedical research. At issue is adherence to the so-called common rule. The common rule is the core of the regulations governing research on human subjects; essentially, it requires that agencies engaged in such research set up committees to review research proposals for possible risk or harm (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;276:1627). The common rule sets out the requirements for informed consent and institutional review board oversight. It has been adopted by 17 federal departments and agencies that conduct or sponsor biomedical and behavioral research on humans. Addressing a meeting of the National Bioethics Advisory Commission, Chris Kline, a staff member of the US Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs, said the committee is preparing legislation that would require all government agencies to adhere to the common rule. The legislation would stipulate criminal sanctions for violations. The White House is preparing
Low Back Pain
Authors: Denise M. Goodman, Alison E. Burke, Edward H. Livingston
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Bulging disk compressing nerve root Healthy diskVERTEBRA Nucleus Annulus Y our back is made up of bones (the vertebrae, or spinal column, which protects your spinal cord) and muscles.The vertebrae are stacked like blocks; the spinal cord runs down the middle, and between the vertebrae nerves extend from the spinal cord to the left and right.The disks lie between the vertebrae and form spongy shock absorbers between each bone.Several layers of muscle cover the back, and ligaments and tendons support the vertebrae, supporting posture and giving the body flexibility.Back pain can be caused by problems with the muscles, the bones, or the nerves in the back.
Walking for Health and Fitness
Authors: James M. Rippe
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Recent studies have linked regular physical activity with reduced likelihood of developing coronary heart disease. Even low- and moderate-intensity exercise such as walking, when carried out consistently, is associated with important cardiovascular health benefits. Walking has also been shown to reduce anxiety and tension and aid in weight loss. Regular walking may help improve cholesterol profile, help control hypertension, and slow the process of osteoporosis. Recent physiological studies have demonstrated that brisk walking provides strenuous enough exercise for cardiovascular training in most adults. A recently developed submaximal 1-mile walk test provides a simple and accurate means for estimating aerobic capacity and guiding exercise prescription. These new insights and tools will assist the clinician in the prescription of safe and effective walking programs. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:2720-2724)
Insensitivity of Tc-99m Pertechnetate for Detecting Metastases of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: CHRISTINE M. CAMPBEL, FREDERICK A. KHAFAG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

To evaluate the use of Tc-99m pertechnetate whole body scanning for the detection of metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma, the authors performed sequential Tc-99m pertechnetate and I-131 scans in five patients with known or suspected metastatic thyroid cancer. All five patients had abnormal I-131 uptake, but only two patients had abnormal Tc-99m pertechnetate uptake. A total of 33 abnormal foci were located with I-131; Tc-99m pertechnetate detected only 3 of these foci, and did not demonstrate any foci that were not apparent with I-131. Despite the theoretical advantages of Tc-99m pertechnetate, it cannot be recommended as a substitute for I-131 for locating thyroid cancer metastases.
Fibrin Clot Retraction in Normal and Transformed Avian Fibroblasts&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Normal avian embryo fibroblasts induced retraction of a fibrin clot. The expression of high levels of this activity was associated with the exponential growth phase of the cell division cycle. Cells transformed by avian sarcoma virus (ASV) and other agents lost this activity regardless of the cell cycle phase. Cultures infected with transformation-defective ASV mutants retained a high level of fibrin clot retraction. However, this activity could not be recovered when temperature-sensitive, virus-transformed cells were shifted to a nonpermissive temperature (41°C). The results indicated that, in this cell system, loss of fibrin clot retraction could be considered a reliable parameter of cell transformation.
Diagnosis of Persistent Shoulder Pain
Authors: Arthur Ecker
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> An additional diagnosis to consider in the case of persistent shoulder pain<sup>1</sup>is reflex sympathetic dystrophy. For such diagnosis, the following special tests are useful: bone scan (scintigraphy), which may show hyperfixation of radioactive phosphate<sup>2</sup>; repetition of roentgenography of the shoulder, which may now show localized osteopenia (Sudeck's atrophy); and thermography, either telethermography or liquid crystal contact thermography,<sup>3</sup>which may reveal either increased or decreased cutaneous temperature at the shoulder. In 27 cases of shoulder-hand syndrome, thermography results were positive in 18 of 25 studies of the back of the shoulder and in 11 of 18 studies of the front of the shoulder.<sup>3</sup>
Inhibition of Natural Killer Activity by Tumor-Associated Lymphoid Cells From Ascites Ovarian Carcinomas&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Allavena, Paola, Introna, Martino, Mangioni, Costantino, Mantovani, Alberto
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Journal Article Inhibition of Natural Killer Activity by Tumor-Associated Lymphoid Cells From Ascites Ovarian Carcinomas Get access Paola Allavena, Paola Allavena 4Instituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri,”, Via Eritrea, 62, Milan 20157, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Martino Introna, Martino Introna 4Instituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri,”, Via Eritrea, 62, Milan 20157, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Costantino Mangioni, Costantino Mangioni 5l'Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Universita di Milano, Via Commenda, 12, Milan 20122, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alberto Mantovani Alberto Mantovani 4Instituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri,”, Via Eritrea, 62, Milan 20157, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 67, Issue 2, August 1981, Pages 319–325, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/67.2.319 Published: 01 August 1981 Article history Received: 05 November 1980 Accepted: 04 March 1981 Published: 01 August 1981
Immunologic Aspects of Tumor Induction by Mammary Tumor Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Transient treatment with antithymocyte serum during adult life reduced the subsequent development of mammary tumors induced by mammary tumor virus (MTV) in neonatally infected BALB/dOH female mice. Some of the treated females developed detectable titers of serum antibodies directed against MTV virion coat antigens/ suggesting that active immunization had occurred. However/ their ability to reject isografts of MTV-induced mammary tumors when primary tumors were developing in the controls was the same as the ability of the controls.
Mortality in a University Surgical Unit: What is an Avoidable Death?
Authors: P J McDonald, G T Royle, I Taylor, S J Karran
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1991)

Between January 1978 and December 1987 there were 23,557 surgical admissions to the University Surgical Unit in Southampton. During this period there were 543 deaths, an overall death per admission rate of 2.3%. During the 10-year period the number of admissions per year had risen from 1884 in 1978 (death per admission = 3.6%) to 3467 in 1987 (death per admission rate = 1.7%). At the monthly audit meeting an attempt was made to classify each death as 'avoidable' or 'unavoidable'. During this 10-year period it was considered that there were 89 'avoidable' deaths. This represents an avoidable mortality rate (AMR) of 0.38%. These 'avoidable' deaths were due to a wide variety of causes and this paper discusses the lessons learnt from a review of surgical mortality and outlines how units might compare results.
Medical Society of the District of Columbia.
Journal: JAMA (1889)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Voss and colleagues present the largest cohort of RCC outlier cases with long-term response to mTOR inhibitors reported to date.They perform whole-exome and targeted massive parallel sequencing analysis for biomarker discovery and provide functional validation, proposing two rational candidates, mTOR and TSC1.This could be relevant beyond the field of kidney cancer becauses rapalogs are now approved for the treatment of PNET, breast cancer, SEGAs and angiomyolipomas.The authors' investigation of tumor heterogeneity gives further support to the principle of targeting "trunk mutations" and suggests that functional convergent evolution of pathways like "braided river" can sensitize tumors to single-agent targeted therapy.
Early Diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: R. S. Illingworth
Journal: BMJ (1950)

An apparent cure, without sequelae, can be expected in 20 to 30% of cases of tuberculous meningitis treated by streptomycin.There is good reason to believe that those figures could be improved by earlier diagnosis.In 82 cases admitted to the Children's Hospital, Sheffield, in the last two and a half years, the average duration of symptoms before admission was 16 days.Only nine children were admitted within a week of the onset, and 33 within two weeks.Thirty-five children had symptoms for over three weeks before admission, and 17 for more than four weeks.Early diagnosis can be achieved by consideration of the following factors.History of Exposure to Tuberculosis An efficient tuberculosis service should ensure that the family doctor is informed when any of his patients are found to have active tuberculosis, and the service should keep under constant supervision any child who is a contact of such a case.The family doctor, however, has the responsibility, with that contact history in mind, of remem- bering the possibility of tuberculous meningitis when untoward symptoms occur.Whenever faced with an ailing child it is essential to take a careful history of possible exposure to tuberculosis.If there is a history of a case of tuberculosis, or of chronic cough in the family, one should determine whether the child has been in contact with that case.It is of great
Біліарні дисфункції: сучасні уявлення, діагностика та лікування
Authors: S.V. Kosynska
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2014)

Викладено сучасні підходи до класифікації, формулювання діагнозу, діагностики та лікування дисфункції жовчного міхура та сфінктера Одді. Наголошено на ефективності консервативної терапії дисфункцій.
The Sad Truth About Hemodialysis in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Mehdi Ghavamian
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Nine patients with renal failure resulting from diabetic nephropathy were treated by hemodialysis. Average duration of diabetes was 21 years, and mean duration of nephropathy was 26 months. One patient survives after more than three years. Others survived for 9, 20, 19, and 13 months, respectively. Overall mortality was 78% at the end of one year. All patients had problems with clotting or infection of bloodstream access routes or both. All had further visual deterioration. Neuropathy was not accelerated. Muscle-wasting, hypoproteinemia, and fluid overload were common. Dialysis for such patients may be considered as a palliative measure with little likelihood of long-term survival or improvement in quality of life.
Temporal Arteritis Without Pain
Authors: Amrutlal J. Barot
Journal: JAMA (1980)

TEMPORAL or cranial arteritis, also called giant cell arteritis because of histological features, is an inflammatory disorder that occurs primarily among the elderly. Characteristic symptoms include tenderness of the scalp, palpable superficial scalp or facial arteries, and headache, eye pain, or facial pain. Also frequently associated are fever, anorexia, arthralgia, and general malaise.<sup>1</sup>Headache<sup>2</sup>or, especially, facial pain are usually considered hallmark symptoms. Furthermore, the ESR is almost invariably elevated to a notable degree.<sup>3</sup>Symptoms and progression of the disease are usually easily and swiftly reversed with oral corticosteroid therapy.<sup>4</sup>In light of the treatable nature of the disease, it is unfortunate that signs and symptoms may be unrecognized for several months before a diagnosis is made. We report the case of an elderly man in whom diagnosis was initially doubted because of the absence of pain. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 70-year-old man in otherwise
National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Coverage Levels Among Children Aged 19-35 Months--United States, 1999
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Childhood vaccinations have a major impact on the reduction and elimination of many causes of morbidity and mortality among children (1). Monitoring vaccination coverage levels is necessary to characterize undervaccinated populations and to evaluate the effectiveness of efforts to increase coverage. The National Immunization Survey (NIS) provides ongoing national estimates of vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 months based on data for the most recent 12 months for each of the 50 states and 28 geographic areas (2). This report presents the findings of the 1999 NIS, which indicate that vaccination coverage among U.S. children aged 19-35 months were at or near record high levels.
Maximizing Differences in the Concanavalin A-Induced Blastogenic Responses of Lymphocytes From Breast Cancer Patients and Controls by the Use of α-Methyl-&lt;sc&gt;d&lt;/sc&gt;-mannoside&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: John A. Distasio, David A. Cheresh, Russell J. Schilder, Charles L. Vogel, Michael A. Silverman, Diana M. Lopez
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

In an attempt to magnify differences in the immune responses of potentially immunosuppressed cancer patients and normal controls, an assessment was made on the effects of the competitive inhibitor α-methyl-d-mannoside on the concanavalin A (Con A)-induced blastogenic responses of lymphocytes from each of these populations. Lymphocytes from breast cancer patients with metastatic disease were significantly deficient in their capability to undergo blast transformation regardless of whether the monosaccharide inhibitor was added to the assay cultures. In contrast, lymphocytes from breast cancer patients who did not display metastatic disease were capable of normal blastogenic responses to Con A. The addition of α-methyl-d-mannoside to lymphocyte cultures caused a significantly greater inhibition of the blastogenic responses of these patients' cells as compared to cells of normal controls. Thus the monosaccharide seems to serve as a useful reagent for optimizing differences between lymphocyte blastogenic responses of normal donors and those of immunodepressed donors. The results suggest that lymphocytes from breast cancer patients without clinically evident metastases possess some modification of their cell membrane. One possibility discussed was that the number or distribution of receptors for Con A on the membrane of lymphocytes of these patients is deficient.
Acalculous cholecystitis.
Authors: W Kimura, T Muto
Journal: BMJ (1967)

During a two year period, 1981 to 1982, 21 of 262 patients undergoing cholecystectomy had acalculous cholecystitis. The majority of these patients had chronic disease, and more than 50 per cent of them were in the older age group and had other chronic medical problems. The signs and symptoms are similar to that of calculous cholecystitis, although the cause is unclear. However, the patient with these complaints deserves thorough evaluation in order to rule out other disorders of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, because cholecystectomy for chronic acalculous cholecystitis will relieve the symptoms in more than 80 per cent of the patients. Acalculous cholecystitis is a true organic problem which, if diagnosed accurately, can be effectively treated with cholecystectomy.
"THE MEDICAL TREATMENT OF GASTRIC ULCER"
Authors: Geo P Hamner
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical use of Minoxidil (Loniten)
Authors: A M Joekes, F D Thompson, P F B O'Regan
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1981)

The powerful peripheral vasodilator minoxidil, in a dose of 5-40 mg daily, controlled the previously refractory blood pressure in 45 out of 47 patients for periods up to fifty-seven months. The majority of the previous polypharmacy was withdrawn, leaving most of the patients taking a beta-blocking drug, minoxidil and a diuretic. Severe sodium retention leading to congestive cardiac failure necessitated the withdrawal of the drug in 3 patients. In one patient the drug was discontinued because of postural hypotension, and it was withdrawn in 2 female patients because of hirsutism. Five patients were removed from the trial as they were started on chronic maintenance haemodialysis or received a renal transplant. Significant glucose intolerance developed in one patient, requiring the addition of an oral hypoglycaemic agent. The 4 deaths that occurred were not directly related to treatment. Following the oral administration of 5 mg minoxidil, an obvious reduction in both the systolic and diastolic pressure was seen in two hours.
You Are the Only Sane Psychiatrist I Know
Authors: Paul J. Fink
Journal: JAMA (1984)

THERE is something very irritating about the phrase "you are the only sane psychiatrist I know." While the speaker may think that it is a compliment, the person on the receiving end (if indeed he or she is sober or sane) can perceive a snide and subtle insult. It is one of those tensions that exists among different groups within a profession and it speaks to the complicated, subtle hierarchies in medicine in which we tear the other guy down to avoid knowing his field while building ourselves up. It is no news to any reader of this journal that medicine is under siege. Confronted with PPOs, HMOs, IPAs, Gatekeepers, DRGs, insurance reimbursement problems, and corporate medicine, it might be wise for us to recognize that divisiveness among physicians weakens us in the face of such important complexities, if not adversaries. Exhortations rarely lead to changes in behavior, and what