tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cause-Specific Adult Mortality: Evidence From Community-Based Surveillance--Selected Sites, Tanzania, 1992-1998
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Mortality data are a standard information resource to guide public health action. Because Tanzania did not have a representative mortality surveillance system, in 1992 the Adult Morbidity and Mortality Project (AMMP) was established by the Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, the Ministry of Health of Tanzania (MOH), and the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. The purpose of the surveillance system is to provide cause-specific death rates among adults in three areas of Tanzania and to link community-based mortality surveillance to evidence-based planning for health care. This report describes the results of AMMP surveillance during 1992-1998, which indicated that human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) was the leading cause of death reported by decedents' relatives and caretakers for adults of both sexes in all study areas, and suggests that a range of other causes of death exist across the three surveillance sites.
Primary Cytomegalovirus and Opportunistic Infections
Authors: Satya N. Chatterjee
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Thirty-five renal allograft recipients were studied concerning the relationship between cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and opportunistic bacterial and fungal infections. The incidence of opportunistic infections was determined for patients whose tests prior to transplantation were seronegative in complement fixation and indirect hemagglutination assays of CMV antibody and for those patients whose tests were seropositive. Among the six seronegative patients with seronegative tests, four (66%) experienced active CMV infection within two months, and four died of<i>Candida</i>or<i>Aspergillus</i>infection within six months after transplantation. Among the 22 patients with seropositive tests, only one (4%) had a fungal infection and it was nonfatal (<i>P</i>&lt;.05). The increased morbidity and mortality due to fungal and bacterial infections in transplant recipients with seronegative CMV tests appears, therefore, to be related to primary CMV infection rather than to generalized immunodeficiency. (<i>JAMA</i>240:2446-2449, 1978)
The Benefits and Risks of Exercise Training in Patients With Chronic Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Paul D. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1988)

WILLIAM Heberden, in his<i>Commentaries on the History and Cure of Diseases</i>published in 1802, had "little or nothing to advance..." for the treatment of angina pectoris but did know of one patient "who set himself a task of sawing wood for half an hour every day and was nearly cured."<sup>1</sup>Heberden's observation that physical training can nearly cure angina in some patients has been confirmed in recent studies,<sup>2-4</sup>and physical training remains one of the most effective methods for improving the functional capacity and psychological well-being of selected patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This article summarizes the effect of CAD on exercise tolerance and the benefits and risks of exercise training in patients with CAD. <h3>ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE TO EXERCISE</h3><h3>Healthy Subjects</h3> A brief review of the normal cardiovascular response to exercise is necessary to understand how CAD alters exercise performance. Functional capacity during dynamic exercise
Dietary Fat and Breast Cancer in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study
Authors: D. Yvonne Jones, Arthur Schatzkin, Sylvan B. Green, Gladys Block, Louise A. Brinton, Regina G. Ziegler, Robert Hoover, Philip R. Taylor
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

The relationship between dietary fat intake and breast cancer incidence was examined in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I (NHANES I) Epidemiologic Follow-up Study cohort. This cohort is derived from adults (≥25 yr) examined in the NHANES I (1970–75) cross-sectional survey of the U.S. population and provides a mean follow-up time of 10 years. An analytic sample of 5,485 women, including 99 breast cancer cases (34 premenopausal and 65 postmenopausal at NHANES I baseline), was examined for associations with dietary intake of fat, percent energy from fat, total energy, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and cholesterol on the basis of a 24-hour recall administered at the baseline NHANES I examination. No significant differences in dietary fat intake between cases and non-cases were evident when mean intakes for each group were compared. For total fat (g) and saturated fat (g), a significant inverse association was indicated in proportional hazards analyses. Adjustment of fat for total energy intake resulted in a smaller effect that was no longer statistically significant. Adjustment for accepted breast cancer risk factors did not change these findings. This prospective study of a sample from the U.S. population does not support the hypothesis that high dietary fat intake increases breast cancer risk. Indeed, some lower risk associated with high fat intake may be indicated, although this result may be influenced by methodologie problems with the dietary assessment.
Anatomy of the Brain and Spinal Cord.
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Is There a Gulf War Syndrome?
Authors: I. Boaz Milner
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The confusing and elusive medical complaints reported by Persian Gulf War veterans have received significant attention recently by the media. Unfortunately, scientific studies attempting to define what has become known as the Gulf War syndrome have not been published. Although there seems to be a consistent set of subjective symptoms that are related to the syndrome, accurate prevalence estimates and risk factors are not yet available. We recently evaluated 166 Persian Gulf War veterans using targeted interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory studies. They were screened for alcohol and other drug use based on subjective report and serum γ-glutamyltransferase level. Tobacco use was not evaluated in all patients. The most frequent subjective complaints included joint pain (reported in 59% of the patients); rash (56%); shortness of breath and chest pain (38%); insomnia (37%); poor cognition (35%); fatigue (33%); and intermittent diarrhea (30%). Veterans also reported nightmares (24%), hair
Benign Lesions of the Stomach Mimicking Carcinoma
Authors: Richard J. Herzog
Journal: JAMA (1977)

THE UPPER gastrointestinal (UGI) series is a roentgenographic screening examination of the UGI tract for patients exhibiting a wide variety of clinical symptoms and signs. The findings on the UGI series often determine the need for further evaluative procedures. The clinician is well aware that many diseases of the stomach can manifest the same symptoms; he must also realize they can demonstrate identical roentgenographic findings on the UGI series. If an irregular polypoid or an infiltrating lesion of the stomach is demonstrated on the UGI series, the radiologist naturally considers malignant neoplasms as the most likely diagnosis. But he also must remember that benign processes in the stomach can grossly simulate malignant neoplasms and that they, too, must always be considered in the differential diagnosis. The diagnoses made by the radiologist on the basis of gross roentgenographic findings are, in effect, predictions based on statistical probabilities. The purpose of this
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a validated therapeutic target in many human cancers. In spite of the frequent EGFR overexpression in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the anti-EGFR antibody, cetuximab, as a single agent exhibits marginal efficacy. Our study shows an impressive efficacy of cetuximab/namitecan combination, which reflects a complete abrogation of EGFR expression, in SCC preclinical models characterized by high EGFR gene copy number. The study provides a molecular basis for a rational combination to be exploited for possible therapeutic applications in the clinical setting and suggests EGFR gene copy number as a possible marker for patient selection.Shortened constitutional telomere length is a well-established risk factor for the development of primary malignancies, related to genomic instability that may result from excessive telomere shortening. However, the relationship between telomere length and risk for second malignancies has not been explored. Gramatges and colleagues performed a matched case-control analysis of telomere length between survivors with and without second malignancies within the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. A relationship was observed with shortened telomeres, driven by a highly significant association with thyroid second cancers. These results suggest cancer predisposition related to genetic or therapy-related telomere shortening, or other factors affecting telomere homeostasis.Both protein kinase C (PKC) and Twist1 play an important role in cancer pathology, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition as well as treatment resistance. Shiota and colleagues have explored the signaling pathway evoked by androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer. ADT induced PKC activation and Twist1 induction. On the other hand, an inhibition of PKC, especially PKCβ and PKCϵ, suppressed Twist1 expression, indicating the novel relationship between PKC and Twist1. Accordingly, PKC inhibition combined with ADT such as novel antiandrogen enzalutamide exerted excellent synergistic anticancer effects, suggesting that PKC inhibition as an alternative of Twist1 inhibition might be a promising therapeutic strategy.The uptake transporter SLC22A1 (OCT1) has been suggested to contribute to imatinib resistance; however, its role for imatinib transport into cells is controversial. Nies and colleagues applied an array of in vitro and in vivo model systems to systematically elucidate the contribution of OCT1 to imatinib transport. Using various OCT1-overexpressing cells, leukemic cells being devoid of OCT1 mRNA and protein, and Oct1-deficient mice the authors demonstrate that cellular uptake of imatinib is independent of OCT1. Therefore, OCT1 is apparently not a valid biomarker for imatinib resistance.
Neonatal Screening for Phenylketonuria
Authors: Neil A. Holtzman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Programs for the detection of phenylketonuria (PKU) were evaluated by surveys of health departments and PKU clinics. Effectiveness was measured by determining (1) the proportion of live births screened, (2) the occurrence of PKU infants missed by screening (false-negatives), (3) the proportion of presumptive positives in whom a diagnosis of PKU was confirmed by follow-up studies, and (4) the interval between screening test and follow-up. More than 10% of infants with PKU are either not being screened or are not being detected by screening. Infants with PKU who are screened on the first 3 days of life are more likely to be missed than those screened later. The infants in whom a diagnosis of PKU was confirmed constituted only 5.1% of all infants with presumptive positive screening tests. Programs differ greatly in the incidence of presumptive positive tests and in the time necessary to follow up positive tests. (<i>JAMA</i>229:667-670, 1974)
Successful Treatment of Systemic Chromobacterium violaceum Infection
Authors: Benjamin Victorica
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Sepsis followed a breast abscess in an otherwise healthy young adult. Cultures of the abscess yielded pure growth of<i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i>. Initiation of specific antibiotic therapy shortly after the onset of sepsis resulted in recovery. (<i>JAMA</i>230:578-580, 1974)
Hemoperitoneum Due to Spontaneous Gastroepiploic Artery Rupture
Authors: Constantine A. Michas
Journal: JAMA (1977)

IF EMERGENCY operation and hemostasis are not done, spontaneous rupture of abdominal visceral arteries often results in sudden lethal hemoperitoneum. The most frequently reported location for rupture is the splenic artery.<sup>1</sup>Rupture of a gastroepiploic artery has been reported only three times before.<sup>2-4</sup>We report a fourth case of hemoperitoneum owing to ruptured gastroepiploic artery. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 77-year-old man was admitted to the Sacramento Medical Center because of sudden, sharp, nonradiating left-upper quadrant abdominal pain, beginning 30 minutes after the onset of a dull epigastric ache. There was no nausea or vomiting nor past history of similar episodes. On admission, a normal sinus rhythm was present, with an arterial blood pressure of 154/100 mm Hg and pulse of 80 beats per minute. There were no cardiac murmurs. All upperand lower-extremity arterial pulses were palpable. The abdomen was diffusely tender to palpation and percussion. Bowel sounds
THE INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF MEDICINE.
Journal: JAMA (1883)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tenth International Medical Congress.
Journal: JAMA (1889)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ball-Valve Obstruction of Terminal Ileum of Long Duration by a Rare Phytobezoar
Authors: Rivian Weinerman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

AN UNUSUAL CASE of ball-valve obstruction of the small bowel due to a phytobezoar is being reported, because of the unusually long duration (44 years) it was present. There were associated proximal and distal strictures of the ileum, ulceration, and anemia due to blood loss. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 53-year-old mechanic was admitted to the Misericordia General Hospital, Jan 14, 1966, because of black stools, pain in the right lower and left upper quadrants of the abdomen, and anemia. The patient reported May 23, 1956, to his doctor. He complained of abdominal pain, irregular bowel habits, and blood staining on toilet tissue for six months. The pain was crampy, and located in the right lower quadrant. It was associated with bloating and belching and came on about once a week in the midafternoon. Results from a physical examination in 1956 were normal except for small hemorrhoids on anoscopic examination.
&lt;italic&gt;Herpesvirus saimiri&lt;/italic&gt; in Hybrid Cell Lines
Authors: Phillip Periman, Sandra Tyrrell, Alan S. Rabson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Marmoset-mouse hybrid cell lines were derived from fusion of marmoset lymphoid cells (MLC-1 line) with 8-azaguanine-resistant murine adenocarcinoma cells (RAG line) by use of Sendai virus and growth in aminopterin-containing medium. Cytogenetic studies of the hybrid lines showed the cells contained both mouse and marmoset chromosomes. Whereas the MLC-1 cells released small amounts of virus into the supernatants and between 0.1 and 1% of these cells released Herpesvirus saimiri on contact with vero cells, the hybrid cells released no virus into the supernatants and between 0.01 and 0.09% of these cells released virus on contact with vero monolayers. In the hybrid cell lines the absence of virus in the supernatants and decreased number of cells plating as infectious centers suggest either that the mouse components inhibit the expression of the H. saimiri genome, or that replication depends on MLC-1 genes which have been lost, or that the virus itself was lost from many of the hybrid cells. The number of cells yielding virus decreased as the hybrid lines were grown in medium free of aminopterin. This was associated with loss of marmoset chromosomes, which suggests the virus in the MLC-1 cells may be in some way closely associated with the chromosomes.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Id1 induces activation of PI3K/AKT pathway, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown.In this study, Li and colleagues report that Id1 induces the expression and secretion of IGF2 in several cancer types including esophageal cancer.Id1-induced IGF2 could activate the PI3K/AKT pathway by signaling through IGF1R in an autocrine and endocrine manner to promote tumor progression and metastasis.The study also shows that IGF2 and IGF1R are valid targets in esophageal cancer therapy and that a monoclonal antibody targeting IGF1R (cixutumumab), used alone or combined with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs, has potential clinical applications in systemic treatment of esophageal cancer.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

ALK-rearrangement–positive lung cancers are sensitive to ALK inhibitors. However, the magnitude and duration of response are heterogeneous. By making use of the Ba/F3 cell line model, Heuckmann and colleagues demonstrate that different EML4-ALK variants show differential sensitivity to ALK inhibitors. Furthermore, a combination of ALK and HSP90 inhibitors led to synergistic cytotoxicity in EML4-ALK–expressing cells. Consequently, these results might explain some of the heterogeneous responses observed in the clinic and suggest that the application of ALK and HSP90 inhibitors should take into account the precise variant of ALK fusion to enhance tumor control.To identify the potential therapeutic kinase targets in osteosarcoma cells, Duan and colleagues performed a comprehensive kinome-wide screening. Their results show that knocked down CDK11 expression inhibits tumor cell growth and induces apoptosis. High CDK11 expression levels in osteosarcoma patients were associated with significantly shorter survival than were low levels of CDK11 expression in osteosarcoma patients. Systemic in vivo administration of siRNA of CDK11 reduced the tumor growth. These observations demonstrate that CDK11 signaling is essential in osteosarcoma cell growth and survival. CDK11 may be a promising therapeutic target in the management of osteosarcoma.Stem cell signaling has been associated with the worst overall survival in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), a cancer associated with tissue damage due to asbestos. Shi and colleagues analyzed the expression of hedgehog signaling components in tumors and in primary cultures maintained in serum-free conditions at 3% oxygen. Increased levels of hedgehog transducer GLI1 were observed in tumors compared with nontumoral tissue, and inhibitors of the hedgehog pathway reduced cell growth by a mechanism involving decreased expression of YAP, a transcription factor controlling survivin. This mechanism is particularly important because MPM “driver mutations” include disruption of NF2 signaling, which keeps YAP under control.Studies conducted by Cohen and colleagues serve to illustrate the feasibility of administering weekly oral sirolimus to patients with advanced cancer. Moreover, these studies show that the bioavailability of sirolimus could be significantly enhanced by simple coadministration of CYP3A inhibitors, a principle that could be applied to many antineoplastic agents that would lead to tremendous cost savings. Finally, the results from these studies clearly indicate that sirolimus should be studied further as a lower-cost alternative to existing on-patent mTOR inhibitors.