tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neighborhood Deprivation and Association With Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Mortality and Morbidity for Extremely Premature Infants
Authors: Brynne A. Sullivan, Ayush Doshi, Pavel Chernyavskiy, Ameena Husain, Alexandra Binai, Rakesh Sahni, Karen D. Fairchild, J. Randall Moorman, Colm P. Travers, Zachary A. Vesoulis
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Socioeconomic status affects pregnancy and neurodevelopment, but its association with hospital outcomes among premature infants is unknown. The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) is a validated measure of neighborhood disadvantage that uses US Census Bureau data on income, educational level, employment, and housing quality. Objective To determine whether ADI is associated with neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) mortality and morbidity in extremely premature infants. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study was performed at 4 level IV NICUs in the US Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, and South regions. Non-Hispanic White and Black infants with gestational age of less than 29 weeks and born between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2020, were included in the analysis. Addresses were converted to census blocks, identified by Federal Information Processing Series codes, to link residences to national ADI percentiles. Exposures ADI, race, birth weight, sex, and outborn status. Main Outcomes and Measures In the primary outcome, the association between ADI and NICU mortality was analyzed using bayesian logistic regression adjusted for race, birth weight, outborn status, and sex. Risk factors were considered significant if the 95% credible intervals excluded zero. In the secondary outcome, the association between ADI and NICU morbidities, including late-onset sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), were also analyzed. Results A total of 2765 infants with a mean (SD) gestational age of 25.6 (1.7) weeks and mean (SD) birth weight of 805 (241) g were included in the analysis. Of these, 1391 (50.3%) were boys, 1325 (47.9%) reported Black maternal race, 498 (18.0%) died before NICU discharge, 692 (25.0%) developed sepsis or NEC, and 353 (12.8%) had severe IVH. In univariate analysis, higher median ADI was found among Black compared with White infants (77 [IQR, 45-93] vs 57 [IQR, 32-77]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), those who died before NICU discharge vs survived (71 [IQR, 45-89] vs 64 [IQR, 36-86]), those with late-onset sepsis or NEC vs those without (68 [IQR, 41-88] vs 64 [IQR, 35-86]), and those with severe IVH vs those without (69 [IQR, 44-90] vs 64 [IQR, 36-86]). In a multivariable bayesian logistic regression model, lower birth weight, higher ADI, and male sex were risk factors for mortality (95% credible intervals excluded zero), while Black race and outborn status were not. The ADI was also identified as a risk factor for sepsis or NEC and severe IVH. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cohort study of extremely preterm infants admitted to 4 NICUs in different US geographic regions suggest that ADI was a risk factor for mortality and morbidity after adjusting for multiple covariates.
Successful endoscopic submucosal dissection for a cecal laterally spreading tumor using a motorized spiral enteroscope in a case with difficult intubation
Authors: Kurato Miyazaki, Motohiko Kato, Kaoru Takabayashi, Noriko Matsuura, Naohisa Yahagi
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

In colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), it is essential to intubate with the endoscope in a straight position and maintain stable maneuverability during the procedure. It is however often difficult to obtain these good conditions, especially in patients with colon elongation, poor fixation, or severe obesity. Recently, a motorized spiral enteroscope (MSE) was launched [1] [2] [3] ([Fig. 1]). MSE enables deep intubation and appropriate fixation by rotation of the fins around the scope to squeeze the intestinal tract. Here, we report a very challenging cecal ESD in which the MSE was extremely useful ([Video 1]).
Prevalence and trends of common mental disorders from 2007‐2009 to 2019‐2022: results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Studies (NEMESIS), including comparison of prevalence rates before vs. during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Margreet ten Have, Marlous Tuithof, Saskia van Dorsselaer, Frederiek Schouten, Annemarie I. Luik, Ron de Graaf
Journal: World Psychiatry (2023)

Up‐to‐date information on the prevalence and trends of common mental disorders is relevant to health care policy and planning, owing to the high burden associated with these disorders. In the first wave of the third Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS‐3), a nationally representative sample was interviewed face‐to‐face from November 2019 to March 2022 (6,194 subjects; 1,576 interviewed before and 4,618 during the COVID‐19 pandemic; age range: 18‐75 years). A slightly modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 was used to assess DSM‐IV and DSM‐5 diagnoses. Trends in 12‐month prevalence rates of DSM‐IV mental disorders were examined by comparing these rates between NEMESIS‐3 and NEMESIS‐2 (6,646 subjects; age range: 18‐64 years; interviewed from November 2007 to July 2009). Lifetime DSM‐5 prevalence estimates in NEMESIS‐3 were 28.6% for anxiety disorders, 27.6% for mood disorders, 16.7% for substance use disorders, and 3.6% for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Over the last 12 months, prevalence rates were 15.2%, 9.8%, 7.1%, and 3.2%, respectively. No differences in 12‐month prevalence rates before vs. during the COVID‐19 pandemic were found (26.7% pre‐pandemic vs. 25.7% during the pandemic), even after controlling for differences in socio‐demographic characteristics of the respondents interviewed in these two periods. This was the case for all four disorder categories. From 2007‐2009 to 2019‐2022, the 12‐month prevalence rate of any DSM‐IV disorder significantly increased from 17.4% to 26.1%. A stronger increase in prevalence was found for students, younger adults (18‐34 years) and city dwellers. These data suggest that the prevalence of mental disorders has increased in the past decade, but this is not explained by the COVID‐19 pandemic. The already high mental disorder risk of young adults has particularly further increased in recent years.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection of a large sessile serrated lesion recurrence using an adaptive traction device
Authors: Jakub Szlak, Louis-Jean Masgnaux, Jérôme Rivory, Timothée Wallenhorst, Jérémie Jacques, Michal F. Kaminski, Mathieu Pioche
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Large serrated sessile lesions (SSLs) of the colon are challenging to resect completely because it is difficult to determine the margins. Therefore, recurrences are frequent and challenging to treat. For small recurrences (< 10 mm), there are a few possible resection strategies, such as underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR), endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR), and hot avulsion. There remains an ongoing debate as to the best way to remove larger recurrences when, because of the lesion size, EFTR risks incomplete removal (> 20 mm) or is impossible (> 30 mm) [1]. Hot avulsion usually requires several sessions to completely eradicate the recurrence. As a result, the only method for a complete single-session resection is dissection, but ESD in such lesions is challenging because of fibrosis and location (mostly in the right colon). Therefore, methods are needed to improve exposure and make dissection possible.
Sex differences in the polygenic architecture of hearing problems in adults
Authors: Flavio De Angelis, Oana A. Zeleznik, Frank R. Wendt, Gita A. Pathak, Daniel S. Tylee, Antonella De Lillo, Dora Koller, Brenda Cabrera-Mendoza, Royce E. Clifford, Adam X. Maihofer, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Gary C. Curhan, Sharon G. Curhan, Renato Polimanti
Journal: Genome Medicine (2023)

Hearing problems (HP) in adults are common and are associated with several comorbid conditions. Its prevalence increases with age, reflecting the cumulative effect of environmental factors and genetic predisposition. Although several risk loci have been already identified, HP biology and epidemiology are still insufficiently investigated by large-scale genetic studies.
Residual or recurrent obstruction after septal myectomy in young children and infants with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: cohort study
Authors: Shuo Dong, Chuhao Du, Jiangping Song, Jie Dong, Hong Meng, Haitao Xu, Yangxue Sun, Mengxuan Zou, Shoujun Li, Jun Yan
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

The outcomes after septal myectomy in young children and infants with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) are not clear. The study sought to report the outcomes after septal myectomy in young children and infants and identify the mechanisms of residual or recurrent obstruction after surgery.The authors performed an observational cohort study of children and infants under the age of 14 who underwent septal myectomy for HCOM from January 2013 to December 2020. Mean follow-up among 94.3% ( n =50) of hospital survivors was 42.09±24.38 months.In total, 56 children and infants [mean (SD) age, 5.38 (3.78) years; 29 (58.1%) were male] underwent septal myectomy for HOCM. Cumulative survival was 100, 96.6, 93.0, and 81.4% at 1, 3, 5, and 7 years, respectively, among hospital survivors. The incidence of residual and recurrent obstruction was 14.3% (8/56) and 13.0% (6/46), respectively. The mechanisms of residual obstruction were identified as subaortic obstruction caused by inadequacy of previous septal excision in two patients, midventricular obstruction caused by inadequacy of septal excision in five patients, and untreated abnormal papillary muscles in one patient. Recurrent obstruction was caused by isolated midventricular obstruction ( n =4) and newly emerged systolic anterior motion (SAM)-related subaortic obstruction combining abnormal mitral valve apparatus ( n =2). Residual or recurrent obstruction was associated with age less than 2 years at surgery (OR=6.157, 95% CI: 1.487-25.487, P =0.012) and biventricular outflow obstruction (OR=6.139, 95% CI: 1.292-29.172, P =0.022). Recurrent obstruction was associated with age less than 2 years at surgery (OR=6.976, 95% CI: 1.233-39.466, P =0.028).Septal myectomy is still effective and safe in young children and infants. The rate of residual or recurrent obstruction with diverse causes is relatively high, which is more likely to occur in children aged less than 2 years at surgery and those with biventricular obstruction.
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Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Raagini Jawa, MD, MPH; Yjuliana Tin, BA; Samantha Nall, MPH; Susan L. Calcaterra, MD, MPH, MS; Alexandra Savinkina, MSPH; Laura R. Marks, MD, PhD; Simeon D. Kimmel, MD, MA; Benjamin P. Linas, MD, MPH; Joshua A. Barocas, MD
Reinstating olfactory bulb-derived limbic gamma oscillations alleviates depression-like behavioral deficits in rodents
Authors: Qun Li, Yuichi Takeuchi, Jiale Wang, Levente Gellért, Livia Barcsai, Lizeth K. Pedraza, Anett J. Nagy, Gábor Kozák, Shinya Nakai, Shigeki Kato, Kazuto Kobayashi, Masahiro Ohsawa, Gyöngyi Horváth, Gabriella Kékesi, Magor L. Lőrincz, Orrin Devinsky, György Buzsáki, Antal Berényi
Journal: Neuron (2023)

Although the etiology of major depressive disorder remains poorly understood, reduced gamma oscillations is an emerging biomarker. Olfactory bulbectomy, an established model of depression that reduces limbic gamma oscillations, suffers from non-specific effects of structural damage. Here, we show that transient functional suppression of olfactory bulb neurons or their piriform cortex efferents decreased gamma oscillation power in limbic areas and induced depression-like behaviors in rodents. Enhancing transmission of gamma oscillations from olfactory bulb to limbic structures by closed-loop electrical neuromodulation alleviated these behaviors. By contrast, silencing gamma transmission by anti-phase closed-loop stimulation strengthened depression-like behaviors in naive animals. These induced behaviors were neutralized by ketamine treatment that restored limbic gamma power. Taken together, our results reveal a causal link between limbic gamma oscillations and depression-like behaviors in rodents. Interfering with these endogenous rhythms can affect behaviors in rodent models of depression, suggesting that restoring gamma oscillations may alleviate depressive symptoms.
Zwitterionic Inhaler with Synergistic Therapeutics for Reprogramming of M2 Macrophage to Pro‐Inflammatory Phenotype
Authors: Sungwon Jung, Sungeun Heo, Yoogyeong Oh, Kyungtae Park, Sohyeon Park, Woojin Choi, Yang‐Hee Kim, Se Yong Jung, Jinkee Hong
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Myriad lung diseases are life threatening and macrophages play a key role in both physiological and pathological processes. Macrophages have each pro‐/anti‐inflammatory phenotype, and each lung disease can be aggravated by over‐polarized macrophage. Therefore, development of a method capable of mediating the macrophage phenotype is one of the solutions for lung disease treatment. For mediating the phenotype of macrophages, the pulmonary delivery system (PDS) is widely used due to its advantages, such as high efficiency and accessibility of the lungs. However, it has a low drug delivery efficiency ironically because of the perfect lung defense system consisting of the mucus layer and airway macrophages. In this study, zwitterion‐functionalized poly(lactide ‐co‐ glycolide) (PLGA) inhalable microparticles (ZwPG) are synthesized to increase the efficiency of the PDS. The thin layer of zwitterions formed on PLGA surface has high nebulizing stability and show high anti‐mucus adhesion and evasion of macrophages. As a reprogramming agent for macrophages, ZwPG containing dexamethasone (Dex) and pirfenidone (Pir) are treated to over‐polarized M2 macrophages. As a result, a synergistic effect of Dex/Pir induces reprogramming of M2 macrophage to pro‐inflammatory phenotypes.
Avian influenza, new aspects of an old threat
Authors: Cornelia Adlhoch, Francesca Baldinelli
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

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Genome-wide association analysis reveals a novel pathway mediated by a dual-TIR domain protein for pathogen resistance in cotton
Authors: Yihao Zhang, Yaning Zhang, Xiaoyang Ge, Yuan Yuan, Yuying Jin, Ye Wang, Lihong Zhao, Xiao Han, Wei Hu, Lan Yang, Chenxu Gao, Xi Wei, Fuguang Li, Zhaoen Yang
Journal: Genome biology (2023)

Abstract Background Verticillium wilt is one of the most devasting diseases for many plants, leading to global economic loss. Cotton is known to be vulnerable to its fungal pathogen, Verticillium dahliae , yet the related genetic mechanism remains unknown. Results By genome-wide association studies of 419 accessions of the upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum , we identify ten loci that are associated with resistance against Verticillium wilt. Among these loci, SHZDI1 / SHZDP2 / AYDP1 from chromosome A10 is located on a fragment introgressed from Gossypium arboreum . We characterize a large cluster of Toll/interleukin 1 (TIR) nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors in this fragment. We then identify a dual-TIR domain gene from this cluster, GhRVD1 , which triggers an effector-independent cell death and is induced by Verticillium dahliae . We confirm that GhRVD1 is one of the causal gene for SHZDI1 . Allelic variation in the TIR domain attenuates GhRVD1-mediated resistance against Verticillium dahliae . Homodimerization between TIR1-TIR2 mediates rapid immune response, while disruption of its αD- and αE-helices interface eliminates the autoactivity and self-association of TIR1-TIR2. We further demonstrate that GhTIRP1 inhibits the autoactivity and self-association of TIR1-TIR2 by competing for binding to them, thereby preventing the resistance to Verticillium dahliae . Conclusions We propose the first working model for TIRP1 involved self-association and autoactivity of dual-TIR domain proteins that confer compromised pathogen resistance of dual-TIR domain proteins in plants. The findings reveal a novel mechanism on Verticillium dahliae resistance and provide genetic basis for breeding in future.
CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia without complete molecular response at 3 months
Authors: Zhenzhen Yao, Bin Gu, Jia Chen, Yang Xu, Feng Chen, Shengli Xue, Huiying Qiu, Xiaowen Tang, Yue Han, Suning Chen, Aining Sun, Lei Yu, Yanming Zhang, Depei Wu, Ying Wang
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2023)

CD19 chimeric antigen receptor
Trends in the Prevalence of Functional Limitations Among US Cancer Survivors, 1999-2018
Authors: Vishal R. Patel, S. M. Qasim Hussaini, Anne H. Blaes, Alicia K. Morgans, Alex B. Haynes, Adewole S. Adamson, Arjun Gupta
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

This cross-sectional study examines trends in the prevalence of functional limitation in cancer survivors using data from the National Health Interview Survey.
Comparison of Depression and Anxiety Following Self-reported COVID-19–Like Symptoms vs SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity in France
Authors: Alexandra Rouquette, Arthur Descarpentry, Fallou Dione, Bruno Falissard, Stéphane Legleye, Cécile Vuillermoz, Anne Pastorello, Laurence Meyer, Josiane Warszawski, Camille Davisse-Paturet, Maria Melchior, Bajos Nathalie, Bagein Guillaume, Beck François, Counil Emilie, Jusot Florence, Lydie Nathalie, Martin Claude, Raynaud Philippe, Pailhe Ariane, Rahib Delphine, Sillard Patrick, Slama Rémy, Spire Alexis
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance The long-term consequences of COVID-19 on mental health are a critical issue given the number of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 worldwide since the beginning of the pandemic. Objective To investigate the associations between self-reported COVID-19–like symptoms or SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and subsequent depression or anxiety. Design, Setting, and Participants This propensity score–matched cohort study began in May 2020, with follow-ups in November 2020 and July 2021. The study used data from a large, randomly selected, national population–based cohort from France, the EpiCoV (Epidémiologie et Conditions de Vie) study. Of 85 074 individuals 15 years or older who completed the questionnaires at the 3 collection times, 28 568 were excluded because they did not return a blood sample for serologic testing, 1994 because of missing data on outcomes or exposures, and 9252 to respect the temporal sequence (exposure must precede the outcome). Exposures Propensity scores based on various socioeconomic, lifestyle, and health variables were computed to match participants who experienced COVID-19–like symptoms between February and November 2020 or showed SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in November 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between these occurrences and depression or anxiety assessed in July 2021 using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scales, respectively. Results Among the 45 260 included participants (mean [SD] age, 51.1 [18.9] years; 52.4% women; 8.0% with depression and 5.3% with anxiety in July 2021), COVID-19–like symptoms were associated with subsequent depression (adjusted odds ratio, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.45-1.99) and anxiety (adjusted OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.29-1.92), whereas SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was not. Furthermore, COVID-19–like symptoms, but not anosmia or dysgeusia alone, were associated with subsequent depression and anxiety in both the seropositive and seronegative subgroups. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of more than 45 000 individuals drawn from the French general population, SARS-CoV-2 infection was not found as a risk factor of subsequent depression or anxiety. Moreover, self-reported COVID-19–like symptoms were associated with depression and anxiety assessed at least 8 months later in both seropositive and seronegative subgroups, suggesting that factors other than SARS-CoV-2 infection are implied in this association.
The Challenge of Outpatient Antibiotic Stewardship
Authors: Sena Sayood, Michael J. Durkin
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Edward Stenehjem, MD, MSc; Anthony Wallin, MD; Park Willis, MD; Naresh Kumar, MPH; Allan M. Seibert, MD; Whitney R. Buckel, PharmD; Valoree Stanfield, MPH; Kimberly D. Brunisholz, PhD, MST; Nora Fino, MS; Matthew H. Samore, MD; Rajendu Srivastava, MD, MPH; Lauri A. Hicks, DO; Adam L. Hersh, MD, PhD
Evaluating the effect of targeted strategies as control tools for hypervirulent meningococcal C outbreaks: a case study from Tuscany, Italy, 2015 to 2016
Authors: Giorgio Guzzetta, Marco Ajelli, Alessandro Miglietta, Cecilia Fazio, Arianna Neri, Stefano Merler, Giovanni Rezza, Paola Stefanelli
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

Background Meningococcus ( Neisseria meningitidis ) is the causative bacteria of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), a major cause of meningitis and sepsis. In 2015–16, an outbreak caused by serogroup C meningococci (MenC), belonging to the hyperinvasive strain ST-11(cc-11), resulted in 62 IMD cases in the region of Tuscany, Italy. Aim We aimed to estimate the key outbreak parameters and assess the impact of interventions used in the outbreak response. Methods We developed a susceptible-carrier-susceptible individual-based model of MenC transmission, accounting for transmission in households, schools, discos/clubs and the general community, which was informed by detailed data on the 2015–16 outbreak (derived from epidemiological investigations) and on the implemented control measures. Results The outbreak reproduction number (R e ) was 1.35 (95% prediction interval: 1.13–1.47) and the IMD probability was 4.6 for every 1,000 new MenC carriage episodes (95% confidence interval: 1.8–12.2). The interventions, i.e. chemoprophylaxis and vaccination of close contacts of IMD cases as well as age-targeted vaccination, were effective in reducing R e and ending the outbreak. Case-based interventions (including ring vaccination) alone would have been insufficient to achieve outbreak control. The definition of age groups to prioritise vaccination had a critical impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of control measures. Conclusions Our findings suggest that there are no effective alternatives to widespread reactive vaccination during outbreaks of highly transmissible MenC strains. Age-targeted campaigns can increase the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns. These results can be instrumental to define effective guidelines for the control of future meningococcal outbreaks caused by hypervirulent strains.
Hepatocellular carcinoma prediction model performance decreases with long-term antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Xiaoning Wu, Xiaoqian Xu, Jialing Zhou, Yameng Sun, Huiguo Ding, Wen Xie, Guofeng Chen, Anlin Ma, HongXin Piao, Bingqiong Wang, Shuyan Chen, Tongtong Meng, Xiaojuan Ou, Hwai-I Yang, Jidong Jia, Yuanyuan Kong, Hong You
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2023)

Existing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prediction models are derived mainly from pretreatment or early on-treatment parameters. We reassessed the dynamic changes in the performance of 17 HCC models in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) during long-term antiviral therapy (AVT).