tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of exercise interventions on hospital length of stay and admissions during cancer treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: David Mizrahi, Jonathan King Lam Lai, Hayley Wareing, Yi Ren, Tong Li, Christopher T V Swain, David P Smith, Diana Adams, Alexandra Martiniuk, Michael David
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2023)

Objective To assess the effect of participating in an exercise intervention compared with no exercise during cancer treatment on the duration and frequency of hospital admissions. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, PEDro and Cochrane Central Registry of Randomized Controlled Trials. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Randomised studies published until August 2023 evaluating exercise interventions during chemotherapy, radiotherapy or stem cell transplant regimens, compared with usual care, and which assessed hospital admissions (length of stay and/or frequency of admissions). Study appraisal and synthesis Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessment. Meta-analyses were conducted by pooling the data using random-effects models. Results Of 3918 screened abstracts, 20 studies met inclusion criteria, including 2635 participants (1383 intervention and 1252 control). Twelve studies were conducted during haematopoietic stem cell transplantation regimens. There was a small effect size in a pooled analysis that found exercise during treatment reduced hospital length of stay by 1.40 days (95% CI: −2.26 to −0.54 days; low-quality evidence) and lowered the rate of hospital admission by 8% (difference in proportions=−0.08, 95% CI: −0.13 to −0.03, low-quality evidence) compared with usual care. Conclusion Exercise during cancer treatment can decrease hospital length of stay and admissions, although a small effect size and high heterogeneity limits the certainty. While exercise is factored into some multidisciplinary care plans, it could be included as standard practice for patients as cancer care pathways evolve.
Understanding the malignant potential of gastric metaplasia of the oesophagus and its relevance to Barrett’s oesophagus surveillance: individual-level data analysis
Authors: Emily L Black, Emma Ococks, Ginny Devonshire, Alvin Wei Tian Ng, Maria O’Donovan, Shalini Malhotra, Monika Tripathi, Ahmad Miremadi, Adam Freeman, Hannah Coles, Rebecca C Fitzgerald
Journal: Gut (2023)

Objective Whether gastric metaplasia (GM) of the oesophagus should be considered as Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) is controversial. Given concern intestinal metaplasia (IM) may be missed due to sampling, the UK guidelines include GM as a type of BO. Here, we investigated whether the risk of misdiagnosis and the malignant potential of GM warrant its place in the UK surveillance. Design We performed a thorough pathology and endoscopy review to follow clinical outcomes in a novel UK cohort of 244 patients, covering 1854 person years of follow-up. We complemented this with a comparative genomic analysis of 160 GM and IM specimens, focused on early molecular hallmarks of BO and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). Results We found that 58 of 77 short-segment ( &lt; 3 cm) GM (SS-GM) cases (75%) continued to be observed as GM-only across a median of 4.4 years of follow-up. We observed that disease progression in GM-only cases and GM+IM cases (cases with reported GM on some occasions, IM on others) was significantly lower than in the IM-only cases (Kaplan-Meier, p=0.03). Genomic analysis revealed that the mutation burden in GM is significantly lower than in IM (p&lt;0.01). Moreover, GM does not bear the mutational hallmarks of OAC, with an absence of associated signatures and driver gene mutations. Finally, we established that GM found adjacent to OAC is evolutionarily distant from cancer. Conclusion SS-GM is a distinct entity from SS-IM and the malignant potential of GM is lower than IM. It is questionable whether SS-GM warrants inclusion in BO surveillance.
Response to comment on Have we been qualifying measurable residual disease correctly?
Authors: Junren Chen
Journal: Leukemia (2023)

Professor Morley was correct in pointing out in our Perspective we focused on analysis of Poisson noise, a type of sampling error [1].Indeed, it is sometimes useful to distinguish between errors in sampling cells from a sub-population and errors in sampling a sub-population from the entire population of cells.The underlying mechanisms for these two types of sampling errors could be similar.Although in our Perspective we did not dwell on spatial distribution of leukaemia cells, we now caution an uneven spatial distribution could also be due to Poisson noise, as exemplified by R. D. Clarke's classic spatial analysis of the distribution of flyingbomb attacks in London during WWII [2].It is also important to recognise any sampling error at the cell-count level cannot be salvaged by lysis of the sampled cells for subsequent nucleic acid analysis such as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) or next-generation sequencing (NGS).Some leukaemia treatment protocols do call for measurable residual disease (MRD)-testing at a time when collecting a large number of bone marrow cells is not always feasible [3,4].The ideal scenario is of course having a multi-parameter flow cytometry (MPFC)-based MRD-test declared positive only if ≥5 × 10E+5 cells are analysed and if ≥50 cells are positive, but oftentimes physicians need to make decisions under non-ideal conditions.Should consideration of sampling errors affect the treatment plan for a person?We believe it should, but not until more validation studies are conducted.We agree a global platform such as EuroMRD would be the right venue for advancing proper usage of MRD-tests.Professor Morley argued that decisions based on the conventional MRD values will optimise treatment for the group as a whole.We disagree.The conventional MRD value is not the mean or median estimate of true MRD.Rather, when conventional MRD is zero, it is the optimist's rosy estimate of true MRD assuming all such patients have near-zero leukaemia cell.Making decisions based on such false optimism would not optimise treatment for the group as a whole, not to mention some of the individual patients.Perhaps even a hospital administrator should consider including MRD worst case as one of her benchmarks for evaluating treatment efficacy as a whole.Finally, in our cohort of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated on CCCG-ALL-2015, MRD worst case identified subgroups of children with poorer relapse-free survival even though their conventional MRD-test results were nearly all zero (Fig. 1).Nonetheless, like others we avoid relying on composite end points that could have heterogeneous make-up of adverse events [5].In our opinion, it is crucial for an MRD researcher to clarify the impact of an MRD-testing result on the cumulative incidence of relapse itself.
AEP-cleaved DDX3X induces alternative RNA splicing events to mediate cancer cell adaptation in harsh microenvironments
Authors: Wenrui Zhang, Lu Cao, Jian Yang, Shuai Zhang, Jianyi Zhao, Zhonggang Shi, Keman Liao, Haiwei Wang, Binghong Chen, Zhongrun Qian, Haoping Xu, Linshi Wu, Hua Liu, Hongxiang Wang, Chunhui Ma, Yongming Qiu, Jianwei Ge, Jiayi Chen, Yingying Lin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2023)

Oxygen and nutrient deprivation is a common feature of solid tumours. Although abnormal alternative splicing (AS) has been found to be a new driving force in tumour pathogenesis and progression, the regulatory mechanisms of AS underlying the adaptation of cancer cells to harsh microenvironments remain unclear. Here, we found that hypoxia- and nutrient deprivation-induced asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) specifically cleaves DDX3X in a HIF1A-dependent manner. This cleavage yields truncated carboxyl-terminal DDX3X (tDDX3X-C), which translocates and aggregates in the nucleus. Unlike intact DDX3X, nuclear tDDX3X-C complexes with an array of splicing factors and induces AS events of many pre-mRNAs; for example, enhanced exon skipping (ES) in exon 2 of the classic tumour suppressor PRDM2 leads to a frameshift mutation of PRDM2. Intriguingly, the novel isoform ARRB1△exon13 binds to glycolytic enzymes and regulates glycolysis. By utilizing in vitro assays, glioblastoma organoids and animal models, we revealed that AEP/tDDX3X-C promotes tumour malignancy via these isoforms. More importantly, high AEP/tDDX3X-C/ARRB1△exon13 in cancerous tissues was tightly associated with poor patient prognosis. Overall, our discovery of the effect of AEP-cleaved DDX3X switching on alternative RNA splicing events identifies a new mechanism in which cancer cells adapt to oxygen/nutrient shortages and provides novel diagnostic/therapeutic targets.
Gestational diabetes in mice induces hematopoietic memory that affects the long-term health of the offspring
Authors: Vinothini Govindarajah, Masahide Sakabe, Samantha Good, Michael Solomon, Ashok Arasu, Nong Chen, Xuan Zhang, H. Leighton Grimes, Ady Kendler, Mei Xin, Damien Reynaud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2023)

Gestational diabetes is a common medical complication of pregnancy that is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes and an increased risk of metabolic diseases and atherosclerosis in adult offspring. The mechanisms responsible for this delayed pathological transmission remain unknown. In mouse models, we found that the development of atherosclerosis in adult offspring born to diabetic pregnancy can be in part linked to hematopoietic alterations. Although they do not show any gross metabolic disruptions, the adult offspring maintain hematopoietic features associated with diabetes, indicating the acquisition of a lasting diabetic hematopoietic memory. We show that the induction of this hematopoietic memory during gestation relies on the activity of the advanced glycation end product receptor (AGER) and the nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which lead to increased placental inflammation. In adult offspring, we find that this memory is associated with DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) upregulation and epigenetic changes in hematopoietic progenitors. Together, our results demonstrate that the hematopoietic system can acquire a lasting memory of gestational diabetes and that this memory constitutes a pathway connecting gestational health to adult pathologies.
Natural Killer Cell Ligands: Another Source of Heterogeneity in Acute Lung Injury Pathophysiology?
Authors: Eleftheria Letsiou, Steven M. Dudek
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

"Natural Killer Cell Ligands — Another Source of Heterogeneity in Acute Lung Injury Pathophysiology?." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
Thrombotic microangiopathy following systemic AAV administration is dependent on anti-capsid antibodies
Authors: Stephanie M. Salabarria, Manuela Corti, Kirsten E. Coleman, Megan B. Wichman, Julie A. Berthy, Precilla D’Souza, Cynthia J. Tifft, Roland W. Herzog, Melissa E. Elder, Lawrence R. Shoemaker, Carmen Leon-Astudillo, Fatemeh Tavakkoli, David H. Kirn, Jonathan D. Schwartz, Barry J. Byrne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2023)

BACKGROUND. Systemic administration of Adeno-associated virus (AAV) can trigger life-threatening inflammatory responses including thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), acute kidney injury due to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS)-like complement activation, immune-mediated myocardial inflammation and hepatic toxicity.
Physicians’ Perceptions of Clinical Decision Support to Treat Patients With Heart Failure in the ED
Authors: Scott D. Casey, Mary E. Reed, Chris LeMaster, Dustin G. Mark, Jesse Gaskin, Robert P. Norris, Dana R. Sax
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Clinical decision support (CDS) could help emergency department (ED) physicians treat patients with heart failure (HF) by estimating risk, collating relevant history, and assisting with medication prescribing if physicians’ perspectives inform its design and implementation. Objective To evaluate CDS usability and workflow integration in the hands of ED physician end users who use it in clinical practice. Design, Setting, and Participants This mixed-methods qualitative study administered semistructured interviews to ED physicians from 2 community EDs of Kaiser Permanente Northern California in 2023. The interview guide, based on the Usability Heuristics for User Interface Design and the Sociotechnical Environment models, yielded themes used to construct an electronic survey instrument sent to all ED physicians. Main Outcomes and Measures Main outcomes were physicians’ perceptions of using CDS to complement clinical decision-making, usability, and integration into ED clinical workflow. Results Seven key informant physicians (5 [71.4%] female, median [IQR] 15.0 [9.5-15.0] years in practice) were interviewed and survey responses from 51 physicians (23 [45.1%] female, median [IQR] 14.0 [9.5-17.0] years in practice) were received from EDs piloting the CDS intervention. Response rate was 67.1% (51 of 76). Physicians suggested changes to CDS accessibility, functionality, and workflow integration. Most agreed that CDS would improve patient care and fewer than half of physicians expressed hesitation about their capacity to consistently comply with its recommendations, citing workload concerns. Physicians preferred a passive prompt that encouraged, but did not mandate, interaction with the CDS. Conclusions and Relevance In this qualitative study of physicians who were using a novel CDS intervention to assist with ED management of patients with acute HF, several opportunities were identified to improve usability as well as several key barriers and facilitators to CDS implementation.
chronicity
Authors: Leena Danawala
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prophylaxis Against <i>Pneumocystis</i> Pneumonia
Authors: Avrom S. Caplan, Christopher A. Mecoli, Robert G. Micheletti
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Metronome-Paced Tachypnea: A Simple, Repeatable Method for Inducing Dynamic Hyperinflation
Authors: Christopher B. Cooper
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

"Metronome-Paced Tachypnea: A Simple, Repeatable Method for Inducing Dynamic Hyperinflation." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 209(3), pp. 337–339
Antibiotics for Acute Sinusitis in Children
Authors: Jiahao Meng, Yifan Xiao, Shuguang Gao
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Food Insecurity, Memory, and Dementia Among US Adults Aged 50 Years and Older
Authors: Haobing Qian, Aayush Khadka, Suzanna M. Martinez, Sonali Singh, Willa D. Brenowitz, Adina Zeki Al Hazzouri, Tanisha G. Hill-Jarrett, M. Maria Glymour, Anusha M. Vable
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Despite existing federal programs to increase access to food, food insecurity is common among US older adults. Food insecurity may affect Alzheimer disease and Alzheimer disease–related dementias via multiple mechanisms, yet there is almost no quantitative research evaluating this association. Objective To examine whether food insecurity in older adults is associated with later-life cognitive outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study of US residents aged 50 years and older from the US Health and Retirement Study was restricted to respondents with food insecurity data in 2013 and cognitive outcome data between calendar years 2014 and 2018. Analyses were conducted from June 1 to September 22, 2023. Exposure Food insecurity status in 2013 was assessed using the validated US Department of Agriculture 6-item Household Food Security Module. Respondents were classified as being food secure, low food secure, and very low food secure. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes were dementia probability and memory score (standardized to 1998 units), estimated biennially between 2014 and 2018 using a previously validated algorithm. Generalized estimation equations were fit for dementia risk and linear mixed-effects models for memory score, taking selective attrition into account through inverse probability of censoring weights. Results The sample consisted of 7012 participants (18 356 person-waves); mean (SD) age was 67.7 (10.0) years, 4131 (58.9%) were women, 1136 (16.2%) were non-Hispanic Black, 4849 (69.2%) were non-Hispanic White, and mean (SD) duration of schooling was 13.0 (3.0) years. Compared with food-secure older adults, experiencing low food security was associated with higher odds of dementia (odds ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.15-1.67) as was experiencing very low food security (odds ratio, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.11-1.59). Low and very low food security was also associated with lower memory levels and faster age-related memory decline. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of older US residents, food insecurity was associated with increased dementia risk, poorer memory function, and faster memory decline. Future studies are needed to examine whether addressing food insecurity may benefit brain health.
Economic Evaluation of Blood Pressure Monitoring Techniques in Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Michelle A. Hayek, Theodoros Giannouchos, Mark Lawley, Hye-Chung Kum
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Blood pressure monitoring is critical to the timely diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. At-home self-monitoring techniques are highly effective in managing high blood pressure; however, evidence regarding the cost-effectiveness of at-home self-monitoring compared with traditional monitoring in clinical settings remains unclear.
Blood, Bleeding, and Transfusion—A Theme Issue
Authors: Christopher W. Seymour
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal