tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myxedema
Authors: Lawrence C. Parish
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The historical development of any subject and especially that of a clinical entity, is fertile ground for a monograph. The reader can appreciate the problems of a particular disease much more by tracing the specialized history of its description and treatment. Whether the physician is interested in a better understanding of the field or in cocktail facts, such monographs are worthwhile. The thyroid gland was not associated with a specific function until 1836, when T. W. King at Guy's Hospital described it. Shortly thereafter, King noted that, "the peculiarities of the individual were fully sufficient to indicate the importance of the defective part." Perhaps the most famous name associated with the thyroid gland is that of Sir William Gull. Born in 1816, in Colchester into a wharf-monger's family, he experienced great financial difficulty until he met Mr. Harrison, the treasurer of Guy's Hospital. By 1841, he had received his M.B.
Cardiovascular Medicine
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE 20th ANNIVERSARY OF THE LIFE INSURANCE MEDICAL RESEARCH FUND
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Error in Byline
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)

Spectrum Disorder Phenotype in the General Population Starting at 12 Months" by Pierce et al, 1 published online April 29, 2019, and in the June print issue, there was a typographical error in the Abstract Results.The odds ratio is given for age bands of 12, 14, and 16 months, not years.This article has been corrected online.
Error in Text
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2018)

Open, 1 there were errors in the fifth paragraph.The paragraph should read as follows: "Finally, the current study was centered on the first 5 years after registration to focus on cancer-related and treatment-related survival.Although the study authors allowed for time variation between 1 and 10 years to account for differential prognostic patterns by cancer site, it remains unclear whether differences in survival between rural and urban patients are observed beyond these terms.Because of improvements in screening and treatment, many cancer survivors are expected to live well beyond 5 years following a cancer diagnosis.Thus, disparities in survival between rural and urban patients farther along in the postdiagnostic period also are of interest for future planning and resource allocation."This article was corrected.
Evaluating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) in men receiving ketoconazole for castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
Authors: Rahul Raj Aggarwal, Vivian K. Weinberg, Eduardo V. Sosa, Amy M. Lin, Andrea Lynne Harzstark, Eric Jay Small, Lawrence Fong, Andrew Caleb Hsieh, Carl Formaker, Kathryn M. Koepfgen, Terence W. Friedlander, Charles J. Ryan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

64 Background: Serum adrenal androgen (AA) levels may be prognostic for survival in men with CRPC treated with androgen synthesis inhibitors (ASIs) including ketoconazole (keto) and abiraterone. We hypothesize that up-regulation of the HPAA and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) may contribute to therapeutic resistance on ASIs. The current study explores the relationship between ACTH, AA, testosterone (T) and estradiol (E) among CRPC patients (pts) treated with ASI + corticosteroids. Methods: Phase 2 study of keto (400 mg TID) + hydrocortisone (HC) (30 mg/day) in pts with CRPC. Pts who achieved ≥ 30% PSA decline from baseline at week 12 continued keto/HC until progression, at which point HC was replaced by dexamethasone (dex). Serum hormone (H) levels were measured (in AM) at baseline and every 4 weeks using standard assays. Statistical tests include Spearman’s rank test for correlation between baseline H levels; Wilcoxon matched pairs for baseline vs. week 4 distribution; and Fisher’s exact test for associations between H levels (dichotomized at median) with PSA decline. Results: Of 30 pts enrolled and 24 evaluable for PSA response, 13 pts (54%) achieved ≥ 30% PSA decline at 12 weeks. Baseline ACTH was positively correlated with DHEA (r = 0.40; p = 0.04) and cortisol (r = 0.52; p = 0.007). Change from baseline to week 4 in H levels is shown in table. There was a significant increase in pts achieving a PSA decline of ≥ 30% if there was a decrease in E at week 4 vs. no decrease (83% vs. 18%; p = 0.003). Baseline and changes in other H levels were not associated with PSA outcome at week 12. Conclusions: ACTH is positively correlated with DHEA and cortisol in CRPC pts. Declines in E may serve as an additional predictive marker of benefit for ASI therapy. These observations require prospective validation. Analyses exploring changes in ACTH at disease progression and impact of substituting dex for HC are ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT01036594. [Table: see text]
The safety of nuclear power plants in the United States
Authors: R. A. Bari
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We were particularly interested by the recent report on the polygraph,<sup>1</sup>and commend the Council on Scientific Affairs for presenting a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge. The report drew attention to the problem of false-positive and false-negative errors in the interpretation of polygraph records. We recently attempted to quantify this problem by reviewing the published literature to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the polygraph and then using these data to calculate the predictive value of polygraph screening for the detection of liars.<sup>2</sup> We found the predictive power of the polygraph to be poor, since it supplies little new information over the "prior probability" that a subject is telling a lie. For example, if an investigator screened a group comprising 50% liars by flipping a coin, diagnosing a "liar" every time it came down heads, he would detect the actual liars in
Childhood Tumors: Multidisciplinary Approach to Sarcomas
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Journal Article Childhood Tumors: Multidisciplinary Approach to Sarcomas Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 73, Issue 5, November 1984, Page 1243, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/73.5.1243-b Published: 01 November 1984
76. Epigenetic Alterations in the Dystrophic Muscle Environment Down-Regulate rAAV-Mediated Transgene Expression
Authors: Dupont, Jean Baptiste, Tournaire, Benoit, Georger, Christophe, Van Wittenberghe, Laetitia, Marolleau, Béatrice, Dubreil, Laurence, Lecomte, Emilie, Mavilio, Fulvio, Snyder, Richard O., Moullier, Philippe, Leger, Adrien
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)
OP0083 Comparison of synovial tissue cytokine mrna profiles in very early arthritis patients with divergent outcomes
Authors: L. Yeo, A.D. Filer, C.D. Buckley, D. Scheel-Toellner, K. Raza
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> In the earliest clinically apparent phases of arthritis, it is difficult to distinguish patients who will develop RA from those whose disease will resolve. We hypothesised that synovial tissue cytokine expression would differ between early patients with these distinct outcomes. As control groups we included patients with newly presenting established RA and individuals with no evidence of inflammatory arthritis. <h3>Methods</h3> Synovial tissue biopsies were obtained from 18 early synovitis patients who eventually developed RA (according to 1987 ACR criteria within 18 month follow-up) and 13 early synovitis patients with self-limiting disease; all samples were collected within 12 weeks of the onset of any musculoskeletal symptom attributed to inflammatory arthritis. In addition, 12 patients with established RA (according to 1987 ACR criteria with a symptom duration of &gt;3 months at sample collection), and 12 control subjects undergoing arthroscopy with no macroscopic or radiological evidence of inflammatory pathology were studied. No individuals were taking DMARD therapy at the time of sample collection. mRNA expression of 135 cytokines and related molecules (including interleukins, TNF family members, chemokines, growth factors, interferons and adipokines) was determined by real-time PCR using microfluidic cards. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post-test were used for comparison of 4 groups, and the Mann-Whitney test was used for paired analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 135 cytokines analysed, 20 genes were differentially expressed between the 4 groups (early resolving synovitis, early RA, established RA and controls), 16 genes were not detected, and 99 genes did not show statistically significant differences between groups. Significant differences included higher levels of IFN-b in established RA compared to early RA. Levels of IL-1a, IL-2 and IL-21 were significantly higher in established RA than early resolving synovitis patients. Conversely, XCL1 and VEGFa were higher in early resolving synovitis patients than established RA. The levels of many cytokines and chemokines were elevated in the synovium of early and established arthritis patients compared to control subjects. 11 genes were significantly different between ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative RA patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The profile of cytokine mRNA expression in patients with synovitis is consistently different to that of uninflamed synovial tissue. Although significant differences exist between cytokine expression levels in different outcome groups and time points in RA disease, for the majority of cytokines studied, expression is similar between groups and may reflect the extent of inflammation rather than showing specificity for its outcome in early arthritis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
NETHERLANDS
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>Persons of Various Nationalities Who Were Listed as "Unaccounted for" During the War</h3> The bureau of information of the Red Cross Society of the Netherlands has just concluded its efforts to account for foreigners, both civil and military, who disappeared during the war. The number of foreigners records of whose deaths were secured amounts to 6,950. In addition, there were 266 persons, most of whom were drowned, whose identity could not be established. The bureau sent lists of the identified dead to the various governments. To the governments that expressed an interest in receiving it, the bureau sent also as complete a list as possible of the unidentified dead. The first list aided in determining the fate of many persons who had been put down as "unaccounted for." <h3>Deafmutes in the Dutch East Indies</h3> The otorhinolaryngologic society has been considering the project of establishing in the Dutch East Indies a
The Juggernaut of the Moderns; A novel.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Computer processing of medical data by variable-field-length format. II. Progress and application to narrative documents
Authors: J. Korein
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The variable-field-length (VFL) format for computer processing of clinical data has been described previously. This technique allows medical narrative and numerical data to be collected efficiently in a form acceptable as computer input for subsequent storage, analysis, and retrieval.<sup>1,2</sup>The role of the physician is sufficiently important in this context to be considered prior to discussion of progress in application of this method. The possibility of "machine diagnoses" and the physician being "replaced by a computer" has been frequently discussed.<sup>1-4</sup>Our experience indicates that any computer application to medicine relies primarily upon the ability, ingenuity, and intelligence of experienced physicians to ensure that computer usage will be practical, reliable, and offer advantages not otherwise obtainable. It is the physician who can most reliably select and systematize data to be introduced into the machine. It is the physician who can most successfully devise meaningful questions and definitions for interrogation
Underuse of breast cancer adjuvant treatment: Patients' knowledge, beliefs, and medical mistrust
Authors: N. Bickell, J. Weidmann, K. Fei, H. Leventhal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

6521 Background: We surveyed breast cancer patients in New York City to understand why women did not receive radiotherapy (RT) following lumpectomy, chemotherapy, or hormonal therapy for hormone receptor negative or positive tumors &gt;1 cm, respectively. Methods: 258 New York City women recently surgically treated for a new primary stage I or II breast cancer were surveyed about their experience of care, knowledge and beliefs about breast cancer and its treatment. Adjuvant treatment data were obtained from in and out-patient chart abstraction. Principal components factor analysis was used to create scales of adjuvant treatment beliefs and knowledge, medical mistrust, physician communication about treatment and social support. Scales were scored to 100. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine differences between treated and untreated women; odds ratios were converted to adjusted relative risks. Results: Compared to treated women, untreated women were less likely to know adjuvant therapies increase survival (66 vs 75; p &lt; 0.0001), had greater mistrust (64 vs 53; p = 0.001), and less self efficacy (92 vs 97; p &lt; 0.05); there was no association between physician communication of treatment information and patient knowledge and beliefs about adjuvant treatment (r = 0.8; p = 0.21). Multivariate analysis found that compared to those who were treated, untreated women were more likely to be 70 years or older (OR = 4.46; 95%CI: 1.9–10.7), more likely to have a comorbidity (OR = 3.39;1.5–7.9), more likely to express mistrust in the medical delivery system (OR = 1.03;1.0–1.1), and less likely to believe adjuvant treatments beneficial (OR = 0.91; 0.87–0.96) (model c = 0.84; p =&lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: Patient knowledge and beliefs about treatment and medical mistrust are mutable factors associated with underuse of adjuvant therapies. Despite physicians' discussion of treatment, patients do not have a clear understanding of treatments' benefits and risks. This disconnect between what is said and what is heard may be mediated and addressed by dealing with patients' trust in and concerns about the medical delivery system. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Health, health insurance, and the uninsured
Authors: R. H. Brook
Journal: JAMA (1991)

THE PURPOSE of this article is to express a personal viewpoint that might be useful in designing policies to improve the health of the American population. Emphasis will be placed on the uninsured. The viewpoint is based on my experience and research findings from a series of studies that had the following objectives: (1) to improve measures of quality and health status<sup>1-4</sup>; (2) to determine how a person's health status or quality was altered by economic incentives or disincentives such as the lack of any health insurance, the level of out-of-pocket payment in the fee-for-service system, or membership in a capitated health maintenance organization plan as opposed to the fee-for-service system<sup>5-19</sup>; (3) to develop explicit measures of medical appropriateness and to use those measures to determine how much care may not be necessary<sup>20-27</sup>; (4) to study how physicians' behavior was affected by both economic incentives and the
Mass Spectrometric Peptide Mapping Analysis and Structural Characterization of Dihydrodiol Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes
Authors: Christine Gauss, Jochen Klein, Karin Post, Detlev Suckau, Klaus Schneider, Helmut Thomas, Franz Oesch, Michael Przybylski
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

The direct molecular weight determination and structural analysis of polypeptides and peptide mixtures have become amenable by the recent development of fast atom bombardment (FABMS) and 252Cf-plasma desorption (PDMS) mass spectrometry. FABMS and PDMS peptide mapping, i.e., the direct analysis of peptide mixtures resulting from proteolytic digestion, have been developed as powerful methods for the structural characterization of epoxide-metabolizing isoenzymes. The major advantage of this approach is provided by the selectivity of the endoproteolytic cleavage, combined with the specific and accurate molecular weight determination of complex digest mixtures containing peptides up to several thousands daltons in size. Furthermore, the mass spectrometric peptide mapping analysis can be combined with a range of protein-chemical modification reactions and with sequential degradation such as by carboxypeptidases. Both FABMS and PDMS peptide mapping have already been successfully applied to the structural differentiation of glutathione transferase and epoxide hydrolase isoenzymes in cases where references sequence data for at least one isoenzyme form was available. In the application described here, for a series of dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DDH) isoenzymes with hitherto undetermined primary structures, a direct correlation between the structural differentiation from peptide mapping data and differences in their substrate specificities could be demonstrated. The mass spectrometric peptide mapping analysis of isoenzymes proved to be an efficient basis for the elucidation of the structure of one major DDH isoenzyme form; partial sequence data for this protein are reported.
The Cover
Authors: Frederick Butzen
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia. An occasionally overlooked cause of surgical failure in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: A. M. Spiegel
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In six surgically proved intrathyroidal parathyroid tumors, neither thyroid scan nor gross appearance of the thyroid at surgery allowed reliable detection of parathyroid glands wholly within the thyroid. Preoperative selective catheterization of thyroid veins with radioimmunoassay for parathyroid hormone facilitated successful removal of hyperfunctioning intrathyroidal parathyroid tissue in all five cases in which it was performed. (<i>JAMA</i>234:1029-1033, 1975)
The doctor in conflict.
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The Doctor in ConflictIn the long and often terrible history of warfare medical men, and women too, have tried to uphold standards that derived from mankind's more admirable aspirations in peace.Violent conflict and bloodshed present doctors with con- ditions that are the exact antithesis of their professional occupation, but with exceedingly few exceptions they have found a role in the relief of suffering that accords with their deepest ethical traditions.At the same time the practice of their profession has enabled them to give expression to that concern for the welfare of man which unites doctors as colleagues throughout the world wherever their personal sympathies or loyalties may lie."Enemy" and "friend" are not words in the doctor's vocabulary: only "patient."And apart from a few sad exceptions this merciful neutrality has guided doctors' footsteps through the years of barbarism and folly.The tragic events now occurring in Northern Ireland must on occasion have presented the doctors there, whether local civilians or those in the armed Forces, with problems causing much anxious thought about the proper ethical course to take in circumstances that are none of their making.