tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blood Program in World War II.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

This volume of over 900 pages contains a comprehensive account of the administrative scheme devised to supply the United States Armed Forces with the blood required in World War II and the Korean War for the resuscitation of those severely wounded.It contains a remarkable amount of valuable information.The opening chapter gives a brief sketch of the evolution of blood transfusion from the time of William Harvey's discovery to the present day.The second chapter discusses the changing views on shock and gives reasons for the present day con- ception of the shocked state; while in the succeeding chapter we are shown how incontrovertible testimony proved that transfusion of whole blood was the best restorative measure for severely shocked battle casualties.Chapters IV, V, and VI are chiefly concerned with the methods adopted to obtain the necessary blood, chiefly from the willing volunteers of the United States, through the wonderful organization of the American National Red Cross who altogether organized over thirteen million donations of blood.It is stated that there was some degree of syncope in nearly two per cent of donors.The next few chapters give full details of the preparation, packaging and transport of blood, plasma and albumin, together with the laboratory technique necessary to preserve the products in perfect condition.Chapter XIV is devoted to a consideration of blood-substitutes and other intravenous fluids.Gum acacia solution was not used in World War II, and it is stated (on page 791) that amyloid degeneration had been known to follow its administration.Chapters XV, XVI, and XVII give full accounts of the methods employed and the results obtained respectively in the Mediterranean, the European and the Pacific theatres of war.Then come two chapters of special importance to all surgeons for they contain a description of the reactions to and the complications which may follow transfusion, and enunciate the general principles of treatment of wound-shock.The final chapter (XX) deals at length with the methods adopted in the Korean War to supply an adequate supply of blood and blood-products for the treatment of the wounded.The American Army authorities are commendably self-critical.
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 18, 21 September 1994, Pages 1382–1384, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.18.1382 Published: 21 September 1994
Tumor Suppression by Cell Walls of &lt;italic&gt;Mycobacterium bovis&lt;/italic&gt; Attached to Oil Droplets
Authors: Berton Zbar, Herbert J. Rapp, Edgar E. Ribi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

The growth of syngeneic guinea-pig tumor transplants in skin was suppressed if the tumor cells were inoculated together with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) cell walls attached to oil droplets. Tumor growth was not inhibited if the tumor cells were given together with 1) BCG cell walls, 2) oil droplets, and 3) oil droplets and BCG cell walls prepared so as to prevent attachment of the walls to the oil droplets. Animals in which tumor growth was suppressed acquired systemic tumor immunity.
Topical indomethadn and sunburn
Authors: DIANE SEKURA SNYDER, WILLIAM H. EAGLSTEIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

This study has demonstrated that a single application of a 2–5% solution of indomethacin will decrease the redness, warmth, and tenderness of sunburned skin for 24 h or longer. For this purpose indomethacin is much more effective than a highly active corticosteroid cream. Prostaglandins appear to be important mediators of ultraviolet erythema (Greaves, Sondergaard& McDonald-Gibson, 1971; Mathur & Gandhi, 1972). We reported that prostaglandin inhibitors, indomethacin and aspirin, injected intradermally, delay and decrease ultraviolet erythema (Snyder & Eaglstein, 1973). In this study we have evaluated the effects of topically applied indomethacin and a corticosteroid on sunburn induced by a sunlamp or by natural sunlight.
Mentally Deficient Children: Their Treatment and Training.
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Taste and Smell Deviations: Importance of Zinc
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1974)

At the time Henkin et al<sup>1</sup>reported the new syndrome, idiopathic hypogeusia (diminished taste acuity) with dysgeusia (distorted taste perception), hyposmia (decreased smell acuity), and dysosmia (distorted smell perception), they recounted the findings in the first 35 patients who came for study and treatment, although at that time, the researchers had knowledge of about 3,000 patients with this disorder. Two results of that first report merit special emphasis: (1) electron microscopic examination demonstrated abnormalities of the taste buds, and (2) the hypogeusia improved with administration of zinc. Since then, the same group of workers<sup>2</sup>at the National Heart and Lung Institute have enlarged their experience to include more than 4,000 patients with the syndrome and have reported details in 103 patients. There were 48 men and 55 women whose ages ranged from 25 to 81 years (mean age, 55 years), and the duration of symptoms before patients were
Successful Arterial Embolization of an Insulinoma
Authors: Thomas J. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A 38-year-old woman had fasting hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and an arteriographically demonstrable insulinoma. One year after surgical resection, however, hypoglycemia recurred and an arteriogram demonstrated a recurrent intrapancreatic vascular mass. Because of anticipated complications of another surgical approach, we elected to embolize the tumor arteriographically, using microfibrillar collagen. The patient's fasting blood glucose and insulin levels improved rapidly. Eleven months after embolization, the patient remains well, with normal blood glucose levels. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:1353-1355)
An Introduction to Pathology and Morbid Anatomy.
Journal: JAMA (1889)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Appropriate Placement of the Chronically Ill and Aged
Authors: T. Franklin Williams
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A thorough medical, nursing, and social evaluation is essential for the appropriate placement of chronically ill and aging persons for whom institutional care, usually a nursing home, is being considered. Experience with 332 patients is described, all referred for consideration for placement in nursing homes. As a result of this comprehensive evaluation, 22% were enabled to remain at home, and only 35% were found to need nursing homes. Despite chronic illness, half of the patients did not have a regular physician, and more than half required further medical study or treatment before a long-term decision could be made. By independent follow-up assessment, 84% of these 332 patients were appropriately placed for their needs—an improvement of more than 20% over the degree of appropriateness of long-term care found in this community in other studies.
`Elephant Man' had more than neurofibromatosis
Authors: Heather Carswell
Journal: JAMA (1982)

No case history has ever catapulted a disorder into public prominence more than the remarkable saga of Joseph Carey Merrick, who has come to be known as the "Elephant Man." As communicated by a Broadway play, a motion picture, and recent medical and popular writings, Merrick's tormented life has unquestionably contributed significantly toward greater knowledge of the progressive, familial disorder neurofibromatosis (NF). But Merrick's tortured body also sheltered other secrets which have now, after 91 years, only just been revealed. The young British man, who was extremely intelligent, had not one but possibly three different bone disorders that contributed to his severe disfigurement. In addition to the undisputed NF, he had a polyostotic form of fibrous dysplasia and pseudarthrosis of the left hip due to pyarthrosis or tuberculosis, claims Benjamin Felson, MD, professor of radiology, University of Cincinnati Hospitals. Felson's conclusions, disclosed to the annual meeting of the American Roentgen
Septic Arthritis of the Hip Complicating Perforation of Abdominal Organs
Authors: William S. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1966)

SEPTIC ARTHRITIS of the hip is a serious but little-known complication of perforation of abdominal organs. It is our purpose to bring this complication to the attention of physicians who care for either the patient with a perforation of an abdominal organ or with septic arthritis of the hip. It is also our purpose to discuss the anatomic pathways involved in this sequential complication. The magnitude of the signs, symptoms, and prognosis of the abdominal problem is such that frequently the hip-joint problem may be masked. Five cases of septic arthritis of the hip secondary to perforation of an abdominal organ have recently come to our attention. Three of the cases followed bowel perforations associated with diverticulitis; one followed traumatic rupture of the bladder and acetabular fracture; and the fifth case followed perforation of the uterus after remote radiation treatment for carcinoma of the cervix. The interval from the estimated
Comparison of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide stimulation of Kupffer cells to produce tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1
Authors: Steven N. Lichtman, Jian Wang, John H. Schwab, John J. Lemasters
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) is a cell wall polymer from gram-negative bacteria that stimulates Kupffer cell release of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1. Another bacterial cell wall polymer in both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms is peptidoglycan-polysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan-polysaccharide exist together in the intestinal lumen and can cross the intestinal mucosa, enter the portal vein and activate Kupffer cells. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of lipopolysaccharide stimulation and peptidoglycan-polysaccharide stimulation of Kupffer cells on release of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1. Both bacterial polymers caused maximum tumor necrosis factor-α release from Kupffer cells after incubation for 4 to 8 hr. Maximum tumor necrosis factor-α release induced by 400 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide was 704 ± 258 pg/ml, compared with 329 ± 91 pg/ml tumor necrosis factor-α after 100 μg/ml peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (p < 0.001). Polymyxin B blocked lipopolysaccharide stimulation of tumor necrosis factor-α by 95% ± 5% but blocked peptidoglycan-polysaccharide–stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α by 30% ± 14% (p < 0.001). Repeat incubation of Kupffer cells with lipopolysaccharide after prior lipopolysaccharide incubation induced low tumor necrosis factor-α release (tolerance). Repeat incubation with peptidoglycan-polysaccharide induced no tolerance to tumor necrosis factor-α release. Incubation of lipopolysaccharide plus peptidoglycan-polysaccharide released less tumor necrosis factor-α than did each polymer used alone, but this inhibition was prevented by indomethacin. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP, prostaglandin E1, prostaglandin E2 and the adenosine A2–receptor agonist N-ethylcarboxyamideadenosine inhibited lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α release by 83%, 97%, 90% and 94%, respectively, but inhibited peptidoglycan-polysaccharide–stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α release by 52%, 60%, 45% and 51%, respectively (p < 0.001 for each). This indicates that intracellular signaling pathways differ for lipopolysaccharide-stimulated and peptidoglycan-polysaccharide–stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α release. After incubation for 8 and 24 hr, 100 μg/ml peptidoglycan-polysaccharide had induced significantly more interleukin-1 release from cultured Kupffer cells than had 400 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (p < 0.001). Lipopolysaccharide induced tolerance to interleukin-1 release after repeat incubation, but peptidoglycan-polysaccharide caused no tolerance. These studies show that peptidoglycan-polysaccharide, a ubiquitous bacterial cell wall polymer, shares several proinflammatory properties with lipopolysaccharide but that there are differences that may have pathophysiological significance. (HEPATOLOGY 1994;19:1013–1022.)
Business, Trades, and Professions
Authors: Jack W. Hickman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his recent editorial, Dr King<sup>1</sup>concludes that medicine is both a profession and a trade. He also concludes that it no longer stands out from innumerable other professions. It is understandable that he might reach these conclusions because of the criteria he uses in defining a profession. My favorite definition of a profession was set forth by Justice Brandeis<sup>2</sup>: (1) A profession is an occupation for which the necessary preliminary training is intellectual in character, involving knowledge and to some extent learning, as distinguished from mere skill. (2) It is an occupation that is pursued largely for others and not merely for one's self. (3) It is an occupation in which the amount of financial return is not the accepted measure of success. Even though Brandeis stated this concise definition over 70 years ago, I believe it is valid today and if adhered to
The New Federalism for Health: Shifting Responsibilities and Reducing Costs Into the 80s
Authors: Ross N. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The year 1982 has presented the President and the Congress with an opportunity to restructure the role of the federal government in its dealings with other levels of government and with its citizens. In health, a new era of federal-state relationships is possible, with all the old guidepost relationships established during the 1960s and 1970s becoming obsolete. In 1982, decisions on health programs and the structure of the federal involvement in these programs will be made based on a different set of imperatives than has been the case before. Unemployment is at near-record highs. Interest rates remain high, and both the President and the Congress are predicting record-breaking peacetime budget deficits for the coming years. The Congressional Budget Office has forecast that, under current law, the federal budget deficit will reach 5% of the gross national product (GNP) in 1984. The White House, while using more optimistic assumptions, still has
Relative Weight, Height, and Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: D. Albanes, C. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their recent study, London et al<sup>1</sup>report decreased relative risks for premenopausal breast cancer among women of higher body mass index (BMI) compared with leaner women. Body mass index was found not to be related to the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. The authors state: "Our findings suggest that adult adipose tissue is related to reduced risk of premenopausal breast cancer and does not increase appreciably breast cancer risk among younger postmenopausal women." This conclusion may be unwarranted, however, because of the potential bias introduced by the use of Quetelet's BMI (weight in kilograms divided by the second power of height in meters), which has been found to be inversely correlated with height,<sup>2</sup>and because height is associated positively with breast cancer risk in this and other<sup>3</sup>studies. <h3>Study.—</h3> We examined this BMI-height association for 4883 women aged 30 to 60 years
Preventive Medicine and Hygiene.
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
“Spontaneous” Neoplastic Transformation In Vitro: Influence of Endogenous Murine Leukemia Virus and Serum Fractions
Authors: Katherine K. Sanford, Sandra L. Handleman, Janet W. Hartley, Jay L. Jackson, R. Raymond Gantt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Cell lines from 3 pools of normal C3Hf mouse-embryo cells were examined during long-term culture, for both “spontaneous” neoplastic transformation and presence of murine leukemia virus group-specific antigens. A correlation between presence of antigen and onset of neoplastic transformation would strengthen the hypothesis of a direct causal relationship between virus and transformation. Tests for neoplastic transformation were made by implantation of cells into syngeneic hosts and examination for sarcomas at the injection site. Cells were also examined cytologically for evidence of neoplastic transformation. No correlation between presence of antigen and neoplastic transformation could be established among the 48 cell lines studied. Tumors were produced by cells either positive or negative for group-specific antigens. Also, cells that did not undergo neoplastic transformation were either antigen positive or negative. Differences in susceptibility to neoplastic transformation between embryo cell pools were observed. In addition, the effects of various fractions of fetal bovine serum on neoplastic transformation were explored. Under the conditions of these experiments, no one fraction consistently delayed or accelerated neoplastic transformation as compared with whole unfractionated serum.—J Natl Cancer Inst 49: 1177–1189, 1972.
The Cambridge Diet
Authors: Thomas A. Wadden
Journal: JAMA (1983)

READERS of both<i>Time</i>(March 14, 1983, pp 91-93) and<i>Newsweek</i>(Feb 28, 1983, pp 75-77) learned recently of "a new scientific breakthrough that works faster and is more effective than you ever thought possible." This "breakthrough," heralded in three-page advertisements, is the Cambridge Diet. Since "more than three million overweight Americans have already discovered the Cambridge Diet Plan," and millions are likely to as a result of these ads, the medical community would be well advised to familiarize itself with the diet and the controversy surrounding it. The Cambridge Diet is one of several very-low-calorie diets (300 to 600 kcal/day) currently available in this country. The goal of these diets is to induce the largest, most rapid weight loss possible, while preserving lean body mass by the provision of varying amounts of high-quality protein and carbohydrate. This was the same goal of the liquid protein diets of 1976 and
Establishment of HUOCA-II, a Human Ovarian Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma Cell Line, and Its Angiogenic Activity
Authors: Isamu Ishiwata, Chieko Ishiwata, Masayuki Soma, Hiroshi Ishikawa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

A cell line designated “HUOCA-II” was established from a human ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma. The HUOCA-II cells, which were oval, spindle, or polygonal and had neoplastic and pleomorphic features, grew in multiple layers without contact inhibition. The cell line grew fast (population doubling time, 24 hr), and 55 serial passages were carried out within 11 months. The chromosomal number ranged around 46, and no karyological abnormality was found in G-band karyotyping. When heterotransplanted into the subcutis of BALB/c nude mice, HUOCA-II cells produced a poorly differentiated clear cell adenocarcinoma. The tumor angiogenesis factor (TAF) of a molecular weight of about 14,000 was purified from the conditioned medium of HUOCA-II cells, and neovascularization was detected by bioassay with the use of the chorioallantoic membrane of a chick embryo. This TAF also stimulated the growth of endothelial cells in an in vitro culture system.
Computer-Assisted Instruction in Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Donald W. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1968)

As part of a broad project evaluating many uses of the computer in nuclear medicine, we are studying its potential role in teaching. Two computer systems are being used. One uses a teletype machine connected by telephone line to a time-sharing computer. This system is practical and relatively inexpensive. The other system is more flexible and uses a typewriter-keyboard connected on-line to a process-control computer. New computer languages have greatly simplified writing courses for these computers. We have tested ten courses designed for radiology residents and technologists and have shown that computer-assisted instruction is an effective method of teaching certain aspects of nuclear medicine. At present we are involved in trying to prove that in limited situations it offers advantages over more classic teaching methods.