tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Severe Hypercholesterolemia and Familial Hypercholesterolemia Genotype With Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Yiyi Zhang, Jacqueline S. Dron, Brandon K. Bellows, Amit V. Khera, Junxiu Liu, Pallavi P. Balte, Elizabeth C. Oelsner, Sami Samir Amr, Matthew S. Lebo, Anna Nagy, Gina M. Peloso, Pradeep Natarajan, Jerome I. Rotter, Cristen Willer, Eric Boerwinkle, Christie M. Ballantyne, Pamela L. Lutsey, Myriam Fornage, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Lifang Hou, Bruce M. Psaty, Joshua C. Bis, James S. Floyd, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Nancy L. Heard-Costa, April P. Carson, Michael E. Hall, Stephen S. Rich, Xiuqing Guo, Dhruv S. Kazi, Sarah D. de Ferranti, Andrew E. Moran
Journal: Circulation (2023)

amilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by markedly elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from birth that often causes premature coronary heart disease (CHD). 1 FH can be diagnosed with established clinical criteria such as the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria with or without genetic testing. 1 This study aimed to quantify the risks for incident CHD events associated with severe hypercholesterolemia (LDL-C ≥190 mg/dL) with or without an FH genotype.This analysis used data from 6 population-based prospective cohort studies: (1) Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, (2) Cardiovascular Risk Development in Young Adults Study, (3) Cardiovascular Health Study, (4) Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort, (5) Jackson Heart Study, and (6) Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Study.All study protocols were approved by the Institutional Review boards at participating institutions, and all participants provided written informed consent.The analysis was restricted to 21 426 participants without existing CHD at baseline who underwent whole-genome sequencing.Because of the sensitive nature of the data collected for this study, requests to access the data set from qualified researchers trained in human subject con-fidentiality protocols may be sent to the coordinating center of each study cohort.Demographic characteristics, LDL-C, and other cardiovascular risk factors were measured with standardized protocols in each study.For individuals reporting use of lipid-lowering therapy at the time of LDL-C measurements, detreated LDL-C values were estimated by applying a 30% increase in LDL-C. 2 We analyzed gene sequences of 3 FH genes (low-density lipoprotein receptor [LDLR], apolipoprotein B [APOB], and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 [PCSK9]). 3Variant annotations based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics criteria and reports from the ClinGen and ClinVar expert panels were used to determine the pathogenicity of a variant.Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the associations of LDL-C and FH genotype with incident CHD events.Age was used as the time scale, and models were stratified by study cohort and adjusted for race and ethnicity, sex, smoking status, body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, use of lipid-lowering medications, and use of antihypertensive medications.
Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Abdulla A. Damluji, Maha Alfaraidhy, Noora AlHajri, Namit N. Rohant, Manish Kumar, Christina Al Malouf, Samira Bahrainy, Min Ji Kwak, Wayne B. Batchelor, Daniel E. Forman, Michael W. Rich, James Kirkpatrick, Ashok Krishnaswami, Karen P. Alexander, Gary Gerstenblith, Peggy Cawthon, Christopher R. deFilippi, Parag Goyal
Journal: Circulation (2023)

Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle strength, mass, and function, which is often exacerbated by chronic comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cancer. Sarcopenia is associated with faster progression of cardiovascular diseases and higher risk of mortality, falls, and reduced quality of life, particularly among older adults. Although the pathophysiologic mechanisms are complex, the broad underlying cause of sarcopenia includes an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic muscle homeostasis with or without neuronal degeneration. The intrinsic molecular mechanisms of aging, chronic illness, malnutrition, and immobility are associated with the development of sarcopenia. Screening and testing for sarcopenia may be particularly important among those with chronic disease states. Early recognition of sarcopenia is important because it can provide an opportunity for interventions to reverse or delay the progression of muscle disorder, which may ultimately impact cardiovascular outcomes. Relying on body mass index is not useful for screening because many patients will have sarcopenic obesity, a particularly important phenotype among older cardiac patients. In this review, we aimed to: (1) provide a definition of sarcopenia within the context of muscle wasting disorders; (2) summarize the associations between sarcopenia and different cardiovascular diseases; (3) highlight an approach for a diagnostic evaluation; (4) discuss management strategies for sarcopenia; and (5) outline key gaps in knowledge with implications for the future of the field.
Environment‐Responsive Therapeutic Platforms for the Treatment of Implant Infection
Authors: Yanling Hu, Shengke Li, Heng Dong, Lixing Weng, Lihui Yuwen, Yannan Xie, Jun Yang, Jinjun Shao, Xuejiao Song, Dongliang Yang, Lianhui Wang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract The application of medical implants has greatly improved the survival rate and life quality of patients. Nevertheless, in recent years, there are increasing cases of implant dysfunction or failure because of bacterial infections. Despite significant improvements in biomedicine, there are still serious challenges in the treatment of implant‐related infections. With the formation of bacterial biofilms and the development of bacterial resistance, these limitations lead to a low efficacy of conventional antibiotics. To address these challenges, it is urgent to exploit innovative treatment strategies for implant‐related infections. Based on these ideas, environment‐responsive therapeutic platforms with high selectivity, low drug resistance, and minor dose‐limiting toxicity have attracted widespread attention. By using exogenous/endogenous stimuli, the antibacterial activity of therapeutics can be activated on demand and exhibit remarkable therapeutic effects. Exogenous stimuli include photo, magnetism, microwave, and ultrasound. Endogenous stimuli mainly include the pathological characteristics of bacterial infections such as acidic pH, anomalous temperature, and abnormal enzymatic activities. In this review, the recent progress of environment‐responsive therapeutic platforms with spatiotemporally controlled drug release/activation is systematically summarized. Afterward, the limitations and opportunities of these emerging platforms are highlighted. Finally, it is hoped that this review will offer novel ideas and techniques to combat implant‐related infections.
Impaired Lung Function in Extremely Preterm–Born Adults in Their Fourth Decade of Life
Authors: Tonje Bårdsen, Ola D. Røksund, Tomas M. L. Eagan, Karl Ove Hufthammer, Merete R. Benestad, Hege S. H. Clemm, Thomas Halvorsen, Maria Vollsæter
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

"Impaired Lung Function in Extremely Preterm-Born Adults in Their Fourth Decade of Life." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
Clinical Implications of the Global Lung Function Initiative Race-Neutral Spirometry Reference Equations in Terms of Breathlessness and Mortality
Authors: Magnus Ekström, Helena Backman, David Mannino
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

"Clinical Implications of the Global Lung Function Initiative Race-Neutral Spirometry Reference Equations in Terms of Breathlessness and Mortality." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 209(1), pp. 104–106
Oxaliplatin in Adjuvant Colorectal Cancer: Is There a Role in Older Patients?
Authors: Lorenzo Dottorini, Fausto Petrelli, Antonio Ghidini, Carmen Giusy Rea, Karen Borgonovo, Giuseppina Dognini, Maria Chiara Parati, Daniela Petrò, Mara Ghilardi, Andrea Luciani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)
American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria for Radiation Therapy in the Multidisciplinary Management of Thymic Carcinoma
Authors: Stephen G. Chun, Andreas Rimner, Arya Amini, Joe Y. Chang, Jessica Donington, Martin J. Edelman, Yimin Geng, Matthew A. Gubens, Kristin A. Higgins, Puneeth Iyengar, Benjamin Movsas, Matthew S. Ning, Henry S. Park, George Rodrigues, Andrea Wolf, Charles B. Simone
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

Thymic carcinoma is rare, and its oncologic management is controversial due to a paucity of prospective data. For this reason, multidisciplinary consensus guidelines are crucial to guide oncologic management.To develop expert multidisciplinary consensus guidelines on the management of common presentations of thymic carcinoma.Case variants spanning the spectrum of stage I to IV thymic carcinoma were developed by the 15-member multidisciplinary American Radium Society (ARS) Thoracic Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) expert panel to address management controversies. A comprehensive review of the English-language medical literature from 1980 to 2021 was performed to inform consensus guidelines. Variants and procedures were evaluated by the panel using modified Delphi methodology. Agreement/consensus was defined as less than or equal to 3 rating points from median. Consensus recommendations were then approved by the ARS Executive Committee and subject to public comment per established ARS procedures.The ARS Thoracic AUC panel identified 89 relevant references and obtained consensus for all procedures evaluated for thymic carcinoma. Minimally invasive thymectomy was rated as usually inappropriate (regardless of stage) due to the infiltrative nature of thymic carcinomas. There was consensus that conventionally fractionated radiation (1.8-2 Gy daily) to a dose of 45 to 60 Gy adjuvantly and 60 to 66 Gy in the definitive setting is appropriate and that elective nodal irradiation is inappropriate. For radiation technique, the panel recommended use of intensity-modulated radiation therapy or proton therapy (rather than 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy) to reduce radiation exposure to the heart and lungs.The ARS Thoracic AUC panel has developed multidisciplinary consensus guidelines for various presentations of thymic carcinoma, perhaps the most well referenced on the topic.
Star Stuff
Authors: Maryella Desak Sirmon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Ad LibitumMay 2023Star StuffMaryella Desak Sirmon, MDMaryella Desak Sirmon, MDUniversity of South Alabama Mobile, AlabamaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M22-3070 Audio Reading - “Star Stuff” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “Star Stuff” by Maryella Desak Sirmon, MD Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The cosmos is within us. We are made of star stuff.—Carl SaganBright star, light starwho are you and I?Atoms compress, nuclei merge into a melded mass of frosty fire flowing into your star-heart, until its core, too heavy to hold more, collapses under cosmic weight, your pivotal point convulses, splintering into sliversborn four billion years before my mother squeezed me through a black hole into light. Her fiery cries, my cold quivery whimpers echo your ancient, passionate paroxysm, birthing carbon and ‘gens’—oxy, hydro, nitro, delivering ingots of iron, zinc, nickel, goldJoni Mitchell was right …We are stardust, we are golden. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Maryella Desak Sirmon, MDAffiliations: University of South Alabama Mobile, AlabamaCorresponding Author: Maryella Desak Sirmon, MD; e-mail, mdsirmon@aol.com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Star Stuff” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “Star Stuff” by Maryella Desak Sirmon, MD Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoWaiting for the Ambulance Maryella Desak Sirmon Fifty in the Sock Drawer Maryella Desak Sirmon Fifty in the Sock Drawer Maryella Desak Sirmon Waiting for the Ambulance Maryella Desak Sirmon Metrics May 2023Volume 176, Issue 5Page: 732 ePublished: 16 May 2023 Issue Published: May 2023 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2023 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Hemodynamic Assessment in Takotsubo Syndrome
Authors: Thomas Stiermaier, Jan-Christian Reil, Vasco Sequeira, Elias Rawish, Matthias Mezger, Toni Pätz, Christina Paitazoglou, Tobias Schmidt, Christian Frerker, Paul Steendijk, Gert-Hinrich Reil, Ingo Eitel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)
Prognostic Value of Etiology in Patients With Recurrent Pericarditis
Authors: Abdullah Yesilyaprak, Ashwin K. Kumar, Ankit Agrawal, Beni Verma, Felix Berglund, Massimo Imazio, Tom Wang, Christine L. Jellis, Paul C. Cremer, Allan L. Klein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)
Natriuretic Response to Acetazolamide in Patients With Acute Heart Failure and Volume Overload
Authors: Frederik H. Verbrugge, Pieter Martens, Jeroen Dauw, Petra Nijst, Evelyne Meekers, Silvio Nunes Augusto, Jozine M. ter Maaten, Kevin Damman, Gerasimos Filippatos, Johan Lassus, Alexandre Mebazaa, Frank Ruschitzka, Matthias Dupont, Wilfried Mullens
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)
Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential Predicts Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Esra D. Gumuser, Art Schuermans, So Mi Jemma Cho, Zachary A. Sporn, Md Mesbah Uddin, Kaavya Paruchuri, Tetsushi Nakao, Zhi Yu, Sara Haidermota, Whitney Hornsby, Lachelle D. Weeks, Abhishek Niroula, Siddhartha Jaiswal, Peter Libby, Benjamin L. Ebert, Alexander G. Bick, Pradeep Natarajan, Michael C. Honigberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)
Fifty in the Sock Drawer
Authors: Maryella Desak Sirmon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Ad LibitumMay 2023Fifty in the Sock DrawerVirus Log 04.26.2020Maryella Desak Sirmon, MDMaryella Desak Sirmon, MDUniversity of South Alabama Mobile, AlabamaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M22-3068 Audio Reading - “Fifty in the Sock Drawer” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “Fifty in the Sock Drawer” by Maryella Desak Sirmon, MD Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail She walked outside, skirt swishing,handed a brown paper bagthrough the car window,paid online, delivered curbside.I extended a folded piece of currency,“For the tip jar.”We stilled, suspended in the moment …sealed together in a rarefied envelope,so unlike the morning sun's bright corona.“That's too much,” she said,an almost imperceptible step backward,left hand raised to breast level,wrist flexed back—right one holdinga dun-colored scarf across her face,this hasty mask leaving her eyes free.I looked to the bookshop behind her.I needed her dream to be therein a week, a year—for both of us.“It ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Maryella Desak Sirmon, MDAffiliations: University of South Alabama Mobile, AlabamaCorresponding Author: Maryella Desak Sirmon, MD; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Fifty in the Sock Drawer” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “Fifty in the Sock Drawer” by Maryella Desak Sirmon, MD Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoStar Stuff Maryella Desak Sirmon Waiting for the Ambulance Maryella Desak Sirmon Star Stuff Maryella Desak Sirmon Metrics Current IssueMay 2023Volume 176, Issue 5Page: 731 ePublished: 16 May 2023 Issue Published: May 2023 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2023 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Lactobacillus plantarum-derived indole-3-lactic acid ameliorates colorectal tumorigenesis via epigenetic regulation of CD8+ T cell immunity
Authors: Qingqing Zhang, Qing Zhao, Tao Li, Longya Lu, Fei Wang, Hong Zhang, Zhi Liu, Huihui Ma, Qihui Zhu, Jingjing Wang, Xuemei Zhang, Yang Pei, Qisha Liu, Yuyu Xu, Jinlong Qie, Xiaoting Luan, Zhibin Hu, Xingyin Liu
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2023)
Gatekeepers of Extermination: SS Camp Physicians and Their Scope of Action
Authors: Nico Biermanns
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

The role of camp physicians of the Waffen-SS ("Armed SS," military branch of the Nazi Party's Schutzstaffel) in the implementation of the Holocaust has been the subject of limited research, even though they occupied a key position in the extermination process. From 1943 and 1944 onward, SS camp physicians made the individual medical decisions on whether each prisoner was fit for work or was immediately subjected to extermination, not only at the Auschwitz labor and extermination camp but also in pure labor camps like Buchenwald and Dachau. This was due to a functional change in the concentration camp system during World War II, where the selection of prisoners, which had previously been carried out by nonmedical SS camp staff, became a main task of the medical camp staff. The initiative to transfer sole responsibility for the selections came from the physicians themselves and was influenced by structural racism, sociobiologically oriented medical expertise, and pure economic rationality. It can be seen as a further radicalization of the decision making practiced until then in the murder of the sick. However, there was a far-reaching scope of action within the hierarchical structures of the Waffen-SS medical service on both the macro and micro levels. But what can this teach us for medical practice today? The historical experience of the Holocaust and Nazi medicine can provide a moral compass for physicians to be sensitive to the potential for abuse of power and ethical dilemmas inherent in medicine. Thus, the lessons from the Holocaust could be a starting point for reflecting on the value of human life in the modern economized and highly hierarchical medical sector.
Age at diagnosis influences the clinical phenotype, treatment strategies and outcomes in patients with giant cell arteritis: results from the observational GCAGE study on a large cohort of 1004 patients
Authors: Sara Monti, Alessandra Milanesi, Catherine Klersy, Alessandro Tomelleri, Lorenzo Dagna, Corrado Campochiaro, Nicola Farina, Francesco Muratore, Elena Galli, Chiara Marvisi, Milena Bond, Alvise Berti, Roberto Bortolotti, Roberto Padoan, Franco Schiavon, Mara Felicetti, Carlotta Nannini, Fabrizio Cantini, Alessandro Giollo, Maurizio Rossini, Edoardo Conticini, Bruno Frediani, Fabrizio Conti, Roberta Priori, Marco Sebastiani, Giulia Cassone, Luca Quartuccio, Elena Treppo, Silvano Bettio, Ariela Hoxha, Marco Lovisotto, Giacomo Emmi, Irene Mattioli, Pietro Leccese, Roberto Caporali, Lorenza Maria Argolini, Rosario Foti, Elisa Visalli, Michele Colaci, Carlo Salvarani, Carlomaurizio Montecucco
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2023)

Immune and vascular ageing are proposed risk factors for giant cell arteritis (GCA). Data on the impact of age at diagnosis of GCA on the clinical presentation and course of the disease are scarce.Patients with GCA followed at referral centres within the Italian Society of Rheumatology Vasculitis Study Group were enrolled up to November 2021. Patients were grouped according to age at diagnosis: ≤64, 65-79 and ≥80 years old.The study included 1004 patients, mean age 72.1±8.4, female 70.82%. Median follow-up duration was 49 (IQR 23-91) months. Patients in the oldest group (≥80 years) had significantly more cranial symptoms, ischaemic complications and risk for blindness compared with the groups 65-79 and ≤64 years (blindness: 36.98% vs 18.21% vs 6.19%; p<0.0001). Large-vessel-GCA was more frequent in the youngest group (65% of patients). Relapses occurred in 47% of patients. Age did not influence the time to first relapse, nor the number of relapses. Older age was negatively associated with the number of adjunctive immunosuppressants. Patients >65 years old had 2-3 fold increased risk for aortic aneurysm/dissection up to 60 months follow-up. Serious infections, but not other treatment-related complications (hypertension, diabetes, osteoporotic fractures), were significantly associated with older age. Mortality occurred in 5.8% of the population with age >65, cranial and systemic symptoms as independent risk factors.The highest risk of ischaemic complications, aneurysm development, serious infections and the possible undertreatment make of GCA a very challenging disease in the oldest patients.
Gestational dexamethasone exposure impacts hippocampal excitatory synaptic transmission and learning and memory function with transgenerational effects
Authors: Mingcui Luo, Yiwen Yi, Songqiang Huang, Shiyun Dai, Lulu Xie, Kexin Liu, Shuai Zhang, Tao Jiang, Tingting Wang, Baozhen Yao, Hui Wang, Dan Xu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2023)

The formation of learning and memory is regulated by synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurons. Here we explored how gestational exposure to dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid commonly used in clinical practice, has lasting effects on offspring's learning and memory. Adult offspring rats of prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) displayed significant impairments in novelty recognition and spatial learning memory, with some phenotypes maintained transgenerationally. PDE impaired synaptic transmission of hippocampal excitatory neurons in offspring of F1 to F3 generations, and abnormalities of neurotransmitters and receptors would impair synaptic plasticity and lead to impaired learning and memory, but these changes failed to carry over to offspring of F5 and F7 generations. Mechanistically, altered hippocampal miR-133a-3p-SIRT1-CDK5-NR2B signaling axis in PDE multigeneration caused inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission, which might be related to oocyte-specific high expression and transmission of miR-133a-3p. Together, PDE affects hippocampal excitatory synaptic transmission, with lasting consequences across generations, and CDK5 in offspring's peripheral blood might be used as an early-warning marker for fetal-originated learning and memory impairment.