tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Should Unpublished Data Be Included in Meta-analyses?
Authors: Deborah J. Cook
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To identify the extent to which meta-analyses currently include unpublished data and whether editors, meta-analysts, and methodologists believe unpublished material should be included. <h3>Design.</h3> —This article describes two related studies: a literature review and a cross-sectional survey. <h3>Sample Selection.</h3> —For the literature review, we identified all articles indexed by the key word meta-analysis from January 1989 to February 1991 and determined whether unpublished material had been searched for, obtained, and included in the meta-analyses. For the cross-sectional survey, we surveyed authors of these meta-analyses, authors of articles addressing methodological issues in metaanalysis published during the same period, and editors of journals in which both types of articles were published. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —We asked the respondents about their attitudes concerning inclusion of unpublished data and publication of articles from which data had previously been included in a scientific overview. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Inclusion of unpublished data and opinions about whether unpublished material should be included in overviews and whether prior inclusion of data in an overview should bear on publication. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of 150 meta-analyses, 46 (30.7%) included unpublished data in their primary analysis. Of authors surveyed, 85% responded. Of the meta-analysts and methodologists, 77.7% felt that unpublished material should definitely or probably be included in scientific overviews; this was true of 46.9% of the editors. A total of 86.4% of the meta-analysts and methodologists and 53.2% of the editors felt that inclusion of data in a prior overview should have no bearing on full publication of original research. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —While inclusion of unpublished data in scientific overviews remains controversial, most investigators directly involved in meta-analysis believe that unpublished data should not be systematically excluded. The most valid synthesis of available information will result when meta-analysts subject published and unpublished material to the same rigorous methodological evaluation and present results with and without unpublished sources of data. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:2749-2753)
Roadside tobacco advertising in India
Authors: Sunil Kumar Raina, Sakshi Supehia
Journal: BMJ (2022)

<h3>Objective</h3> To investigate baseline use of biologic or targeted synthetic (b/ts) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and COVID-19 outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <h3>Methods</h3> We analysed the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician registry (from 24 March 2020 to 12 April 2021). We investigated b/tsDMARD use for RA at the clinical onset of COVID-19 (baseline): abatacept (ABA), rituximab (RTX), Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi), interleukin 6 inhibitors (IL-6i) or tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi, reference group). The ordinal COVID-19 severity outcome was (1) no hospitalisation, (2) hospitalisation without oxygen, (3) hospitalisation with oxygen/ventilation or (4) death. We used ordinal logistic regression to estimate the OR (odds of being one level higher on the ordinal outcome) for each drug class compared with TNFi, adjusting for potential baseline confounders. <h3>Results</h3> Of 2869 people with RA (mean age 56.7 years, 80.8% female) on b/tsDMARD at the onset of COVID-19, there were 237 on ABA, 364 on RTX, 317 on IL-6i, 563 on JAKi and 1388 on TNFi. Overall, 613 (21%) were hospitalised and 157 (5.5%) died. RTX (OR 4.15, 95% CI 3.16 to 5.44) and JAKi (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.60 to 2.65) were each associated with worse COVID-19 severity compared with TNFi. There were no associations between ABA or IL6i and COVID-19 severity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> People with RA treated with RTX or JAKi had worse COVID-19 severity than those on TNFi. The strong association of RTX and JAKi use with poor COVID-19 outcomes highlights prioritisation of risk mitigation strategies for these people.
A Randomized Trial Comparing Aerobic Exercise and Resistance Exercise With a Health Education Program in Older Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Walter H. Ettinger
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the effects of structured exercise programs on self-reported disability in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. <h3>Setting and Degign.</h3> —A randomized, single-blind clinical trial lasting 18 months conducted at 2 academic medical centers. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 439 community-dwelling adults, aged 60 years or older, with radiographically evident knee osteoarthritis, pain, and self-reported physical disability. <h3>Invervention.</h3> —An aerobic exercise program, a resistance exercise program, and a health education program. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —The primary outcome was self-reported disability score (range, 1-5). The secondary outcomes were knee pain score (range, 1-6), performance measures of physical function, x-ray score, aerobic capacity, and knee muscle strength. <h3>Results.</h3> —A total of 365 (83%) participants completed the trial. Overall compliance with the exercise prescription was 68% in the aerobic training group and 70% in the resistance training group. Postrandomization, participants in the aerobic exercise group had a 10% lower adjusted mean (±SE) score on the physical disability questionnaire (1.71 ±0.03 vs 1.90±0.04 units; P&lt;.001), a 12% lower score on the knee pain questionnaire (2.1±0.05 vs 2.4±0.05 units; P=.001), and performed better (mean [±SE]) on the 6-minute walk test (1507±16 vs 1349±16ft; P&lt;.001), mean (±SE) time to climb and descend stairs (12.7±0.4 vs 13.9±0.4 seconds; P=.05), time to lift and carry 10 pounds (9.1±0.2 vs 10.0±0.1 seconds; P&lt;.001), and mean (±SE) time to get in and out of a car (8.7±0.3 vs 10.6±0.3 seconds; P&lt;.001) than the health education group. The resistance exercise group had an 8% lower score on the physical disability questionnaire (1.74±0.04 vs 1.90±0.03 units; P=.003), 8% lowerpain score (2.2±0.06vs2.4±0.05 units; P=.02), greater distance on the 6-minute walk (1406±17vs1349±16ft;P=.02),faster times on the lifting and carrying task (9.3±0.1 vs 10.0±0.16 seconds; P=.001), and the car task (9.0±0.3 vs 10.6±0.3 seconds; P=.003) than the health education group. There were no differences in x-ray scores between either exercise group and the health education group. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Older disabled persons with osteoarthritis of the knee had modest improvements in measures of disability, physical performance, and pain from participating in either an aerobic or a resistance exercise program. These data suggest that exercise should be prescribed as part of the treatment for knee osteoarthritis.
Family Screening in Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Christoffer R. Vissing, Kiri Espersen, Helen L. Mills, Emil D. Bartels, Rebecca Jurlander, Sofie V. Skriver, Jonas Ghouse, Jens J. Thune, Anna Axelsson Raja, Alex H. Christensen, Henning Bundgaard
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2022)
Obesity Status and Physical Rehabilitation in Older Patients Hospitalized With Acute HF
Authors: Anthony E. Peters, Dalane W. Kitzman, Haiying Chen, M. Benjamin Nelson, Amy M. Pastva, Pamela W. Duncan, Gordon R. Reeves, Bharathi Upadhya, David J. Whellan, Robert J. Mentz
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2022)
Safety and immunogenicity of a primary series and booster dose of the meningococcal serogroup B-factor H binding protein vaccine (MenB-FHbp) in healthy children aged 1–9 years: two phase 2 randomised, controlled, observer-blinded studies
Authors: Helen S Marshall, Timo Vesikari, Peter C Richmond, Jacek Wysocki, Leszek Szenborn, Johannes Beeslaar, Jason D Maguire, Paul Balmer, Robert O'Neill, Annaliesa S Anderson, Jean-Louis Prégaldien, Roger Maansson, Han-Qing Jiang, John L Perez
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2022)
Effect of dexamethasone on dyspnoea in patients with cancer (ABCD): a parallel-group, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial
Authors: David Hui, Veronica Puac, Zeena Shelal, Rony Dev, Sandra K Hanneman, Kristofer Jennings, Hilary Ma, Diana L Urbauer, Sanjay Shete, Frank Fossella, Zhongxing Liao, George Blumenschein, Joe Y Chang, Michael O'Reilly, Saumil J Gandhi, Anne Tsao, Donald A Mahler, Eduardo Bruera
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2022)
Alignment of PrEP adherence with periods of HIV risk among adolescent girls and young women in South Africa and Zimbabwe: a secondary analysis of the HPTN 082 randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jennifer Velloza, Deborah Donnell, Sybil Hosek, Peter L Anderson, Z Mike Chirenje, Nyaradzo Mgodi, Linda-Gail Bekker, Mark A Marzinke, Sinead Delany-Moretlwe, Connie Celum
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2022)
Lead Exposure and Conventional and Ambulatory Blood Pressure
Authors: Jan A. Staessen
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate in a prospective fashion the association between low-level lead exposure and blood pressure. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective cohort study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —General population. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A random population sample (N=728; 49% men; age range, 20-82 years) was studied in Belgium for 1985 through 1989 and reexamined for 1991 through 1995. <h3>Mean Outcome Measures.</h3> —At baseline and follow-up, blood pressure was measured by conventional sphygmomanometry (15 total readings) and at followup also by 24-hour ambulatory monitoring. Lead exposure was estimated from blood lead and zinc protoporphyrin concentrations. Multivariate analyses controlled for sex, age, body mass index, smoking and drinking habits, physical activity, exposure at work, social class, menopausal status, use of medications (antihypertensive medication, oral contraceptives, hormonal replacement therapy), hematocrit or hemoglobin, serum total calcium concentration, 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion, and γ-glutamyltransferase activity. <h3>Results.</h3> —At baseline, mean (SD) systolic/diastolic conventional blood pressure was 130 (17)/77 (9) mm Hg. The mean blood lead concentration was 0.42 μmol/L (8.7 μg/dL), and the mean zinc protoporphyrin concentration was 1.0 μg per gram of hemoglobin. Over the 5.2-year median follow-up, the mean blood lead concentration dropped by 32% (0.14 μmol/L [2.9 μg/dL]) (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Small but significant (<i>P</i>&lt;.01) changes occurred in systolic (-1.5 mm Hg) and diastolic (+1.7 mm Hg) conventional blood pressure and in zinc protoporphyrin concentration (+0.5 μg per gram of hemoglobin). Over the follow-up period, no consistent associations emerged between the changes in conventional blood pressure and in blood lead or zinc protoporphyrin concentrations. In addition, after adjustment for sex, age, and body mass index, blood lead and zinc protoporphyrin concentrations at baseline did not predict the development of hypertension in 47 patients (risk ratio for doubling of the initial lead concentration, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.7-2.0). In a time-integrated analysis in which each person was characterized by all available measurements, conventional blood pressure did not correlate with blood lead or zinc protoporphyrin concentrations in a consistent manner. Similarly, the mean (SD) 24-hour blood pressure at follow-up (119[11]/71 [8] mm Hg; N=684) did not show a consistent relationship with blood lead or zinc protoporphyrin concentrations at baseline or at follow-up. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Lead exposure at the intensity studied (&lt;1.45 μmol/L [&lt;30 μg/dL]) was not consistently associated with increased conventional or 24-hour blood pressure in the general population or with increased risk of hypertension. These findings argue against the hypothesis that current lead exposure levels are associated with excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality caused by hypertension. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;275:1563-1570)
2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update of the Guideline for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease (Updating the 2005 Guideline)
Authors: Thom W. Rooke, Alan T. Hirsch, Sanjay Misra, Anton N. Sidawy, Joshua A. Beckman, Laura K. Findeiss, Jafar Golzarian, Heather L. Gornik, Jonathan L. Halperin, Michael R. Jaff, Gregory L. Moneta, Jeffrey W. Olin, James C. Stanley, Christopher J. White, John V. White, R. Eugene Zierler
Journal: Circulation (2011)
The natural history of egg allergy in an observational cohort
Authors: Scott H. Sicherer, Robert A. Wood, Brian P. Vickery, Stacie M. Jones, Andrew H. Liu, David M. Fleischer, Peter Dawson, Lloyd Mayer, A. Wesley Burks, Alexander Grishin, Donald Stablein, Hugh A. Sampson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Antibiotic Therapy for Reduction of Infant Morbidity After Preterm Premature Rupture of the Membranes
Authors: Brian M. Mercer
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Context.</h3> —Intrauterine infection is thought to be one cause of preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM). Antibiotic therapy has been shown to prolong pregnancy, but the effect on infant morbidity has been inconsistent. <h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine if antibiotic treatment during expectant management of PPROM will reduce infant morbidity. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —University hospitals of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 614 of 804 eligible gravidas with PPROM between 24 weeks' and 0 days' and 32 weeks' and 0 days' gestation who were considered candidates for pregnancy prolongation and had not received corticosteroids for fetal maturation or antibiotic treatment within 1 week of randomization. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Interavenous ampicillin (2-g dose every 6 hours) and erythromycin (250-mg dose every 6 hours) for 48 hours followed by oral amoxicillin (250-mg dose every 8 hours) and erythromycin base (333-mg dose every 8 hours) for 5 days vs a matching placebo regimen. Group B streptococcus (GBS) carriers were identified and treated. Tocolysis and corticosteroids were prohibited after randomization. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —The composite primary outcome included pregnancies complicated by at least one of the following: fetal or infant death, respiratory distress, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, stage 2 or 3 necrotizing enterocolitis, or sepsis within 72 hours of birth. These perinatal morbidities were also evaluated individually and pregnancy prolongation was assessed. <h3>Results.</h3> —In the total study population, the primary outcome (44.1% vs 52.9%;<i>P</i>=.04), respiratory distress (40.5% vs 48.7%;<i>P</i>=.04), and necrotizing enterocolitis (2.3% vs 5.8%;<i>P</i>=.03) were less frequent with antibiotics. In the GBS-negative cohort, the antibiotic group had less frequent primary outcome (44.5% vs 54.5%;<i>P</i>=.03), respiratory distress (40.8% vs 50.6%;<i>P</i>=.03), overall sepsis (8.4% vs 15.6%;<i>P</i>=.01), pneumonia (2.9% vs 7.0%;<i>P</i>=.04), and other morbidities. Among GBS-negative women, significant pregnancy prolongation was seen with antibiotics (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —We recommend that women with expectantly managed PPROM remote from term receive antibiotics to reduce infant morbidity.
Trichinosis From Bear Meat
Authors: Martin Wand
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Twenty-three people were involved in an outbreak of trichinosis due to ingestion of bear meat. Of 18 persons who ate uncooked meat, 12 developed fever, myalgia, periorbital edema, and eosinophilia. All had positive skin-tests, and ten had positive bentonite-flocculation-tests (BFTs). Of the 11 asymptomatic patients, including all five who had eaten only cooked meat, six had tests negative to both, and five had positive skin tests or BFTs or both.
Specialty Practice of Family Practice Residency Graduates, 1969 Through 1993
Authors: Norman B. Kahn
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To describe demographic and practice characteristics of physicians who graduated from family practice residency training programs. <h3>Design.</h3> —Information was obtained from the databases of the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American Board of Family Practice (ABFP), and the American Medical Association. Data sets were cross-referenced, and quantitative data from medical membership organizations and the certifying board were summarized. Information regarding medical school graduation and family practice residency completion was reported by the participating residency programs, and data on practice specialty were self-designated by the participating physicians. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —Physician graduates of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education—accredited family practice residency programs from 1969 through 1993. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Practice specialty designation by graduates of family practice residency programs. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of the 38 659 physicians who graduated from family practice residency programs from 1969 through 1993, 8780 (23%) were women, 2181 (6%) were graduates of colleges of osteopathic medicine, 4777 (12%) were international medical graduates, and 33484 (87%) were certified by the ABFP. Of the 36088 family practice residency graduates who designated a practice specialty, 32 764 (91%) identified their specialty as family practice, including 32 608 physicians who identified family practice, 129 general practice, 21 family practice—geriatric medicine, and six family practice—sports medicine. Among the 3324 family practice residency graduates (9%) who identified themselves as practicing in another specialty, the most common specialties were emergency medicine (1446 physicians [4%]) and preventive medicine (386 physicians [1%]). No other practice specialty was designated by more than 0.5% of family practice residency graduates. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —The vast majority of family practice residency graduates are self-designated as practicing family medicine. These data suggest that family practice residency programs are an effective mechanism for the production of generalist physicians. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;275:713-715)
OA14.05 Intraoperative Molecular Imaging Guided Resection of CEACAM5+ Lung Tumors: First In-Human SGM-101 Lung Cancer Surgical Trial
Authors: F. Azari, R.P.J. Meijer, G.T. Kennedy, A. Chang, B. Nadeem, A. Din, I. Marfatia, F. CAILLER, A. Pèlegrin, A.L. Vahrmeijer, S. Singhal
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2022)
MA02.05 Dynamic Mutation Profiles of SCLC Transformation in NSCLC Patients Harboring Concurrent EGFR/TP53/RB1 Mutations
Authors: J. Huang, W. Huang, Q. Wang, C. Zhang, S. Ni, D. Sun, Y. Zhou, T. Hou, W. Sun, Z. Chen, Y.-L. Wu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2022)
OA03.06 CodeBreaK 100/101: First Report of Safety/Efficacy of Sotorasib in Combination with Pembrolizumab or Atezolizumab in Advanced KRAS p.G12C NSCLC
Authors: B.T. Li, G.S. Falchook, G.A. Durm, T.F. Burns, F. Skoulidis, S.S. Ramalingam, A. Spira, C.M. Bestvina, S.B. Goldberg, R. Veluswamy, W.T. Iams, A.A. Chiappori, C.R. Lemech, A.R. Meloni, V. Ebiana, T. Dai, D.M. Gauto, T.L. Varrieur, W.J. Snyder, R. Govindan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2022)
EP16.01-019 The Role of the Pregnancy Associated Protein Glycodelin and Its Influence on the Immune System in Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: S. Richtmann, T. Muley, P. Christopoulos, M. Thomas, H. Winter, T. Goldmann, S. Marwitz, H. Koistinen, U. Klingmueller, M.A. Schneider
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2022)
Youth and Drugs
Authors: Dale C. Cameron
Journal: JAMA (1968)

It is useful to think of various types of drug dependence as communicable disorders. This is especially so in view of the fact that in some cultures the victims of certain types of drug dependence are seen almost exclusively as willfully immoral persons who deserve to reap the consequences of their own folly. In the same or different cultures, other types of drug dependence may not be recognized as disorders at all. To illustrate, in the United States, narcotic dependence, and in certain Muslim countries, alcoholism, are seen primarily as sinister vices. On the other hand, in certain sections of Southeast Asia, opium eating and smoking are seen as minor, tolerable idiosyncrasies or even prerogatives, especially of older persons. In the United States and many other countries, alcoholism simply is not recognized until it becomes quite extreme. As in so many situations, the "truth" doubtless lies somewhere between the extremes.
Antihypertensive Treatment Based on Conventional or Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement
Authors: Jan A. Staessen
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Context.</h3> —Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring is used increasingly in clinical practice, but how it affects treatment of blood pressure has not been determined. <h3>Objective.</h3> —To compare conventional blood pressure (CBP) measurement and ABP measurement in the management of hypertensive patients. <h3>Design.</h3> —Multicenter randomized, parallel-group trial. <h3>Setting</h3> —Family practices and outpatient clinics at regional and university hospitals. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 419 patients (-18 years), whose untreated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) on CBP measurement averaged 95 mm Hg or higher, randomized to CBP or ABP arms. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Antihypertensive drug treatment was adjusted in a stepwise fashion based on either the average daytime (from 10 am to 8 pm) ambulatory DBP (n=213) or the average of 3 sitting DBP readings (n=206). If the DBP guiding treatment was above (&gt;89 mm Hg), at (80-89 mm Hg), or below (&lt;80 mm Hg) target, 1 physician blinded to the patients' randomization intensified antihypertensive treatment, left it unchanged, or reduced it, respectively. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —The CBP and ABP levels, intensity of drug treatment, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic left ventricular mass, symptoms reported by questionnaire, and cost. <h3>Results.</h3> —At the end of the study (median follow-up, 182 days; 5th to 95th percentile interval, 85-258 days), more ABP than CBP patients had stopped anithypertensive drug treatment (26.3% vs 7.3%;<i>P</i>&lt;.001), and fewer ABP patients had progressed to sustained multiple-drug treatment (27.2% vs 42.7%;<i>P</i>&lt;.001). The final CBP and 24-hour ABP averaged 144.1/89.9 mm Hg and 129.4/79.5 mm Hg in the ABP group and 140.3/89.6 mm Hg and 128.0/79.1 mm Hg in the CBP group. Left ventricular mass and reported symptoms were similar in the 2 groups. The potential savings in the ABP group in termsof less intensive drug treatment and fewer physician visits were offset by the costs of ABP monitoring. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Adjustment of antihypertensive treatment based on ABP monitoring instead of CBP measurement led to less intensive drug treatment with preservation of blood pressure control, general well-being, and inhibition of left ventricular enlargement but did not reduce the overall costs of antihypertensive treatment.
In vivo CRISPR screens reveal the landscape of immune evasion pathways across cancer
Authors: Juan Dubrot, Peter P. Du, Sarah Kate Lane-Reticker, Emily A. Kessler, Audrey J. Muscato, Arnav Mehta, Samuel S. Freeman, Peter M. Allen, Kira E. Olander, Kyle M. Ockerman, Clara H. Wolfe, Fabius Wiesmann, Nelson H. Knudsen, Hsiao-Wei Tsao, Arvin Iracheta-Vellve, Emily M. Schneider, Andrea N. Rivera-Rosario, Ian C. Kohnle, Hans W. Pope, Austin Ayer, Gargi Mishra, Margaret D. Zimmer, Sarah Y. Kim, Animesh Mahapatra, Hakimeh Ebrahimi-Nik, Dennie T. Frederick, Genevieve M. Boland, W. Nicholas Haining, David E. Root, John G. Doench, Nir Hacohen, Kathleen B. Yates, Robert T. Manguso
Journal: Nature Immunology (2022)