tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Areawide Chemical Contamination
Authors: Robert W. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Nine case histories illustrate the mounting problems owing to chemical contamination that often extends beyond the workplace into the community. The effects include not only carcinogenesis and teratogenesis, so much in the public's mind, but also severe neurological and gonadal disabilities immediately after exposure. Recognition of causal relationships is often made by astute clinicians. The experience of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission in studying Japanese survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki serves as a model for future studies of communities exposed to unusual environmental contamination. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1548-1551)
Initiative Aims to Bring Depression Out of Shadows, Spurs Help-Seeking
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1988)

A NEW PUBLIC HEALTH campaign now getting under way is intended to bring a common disorder out of the closet in a fashion similar to the way that public health officials sought to make an invisible disorder—hypertension—visible in the 1970s. In this case, however, educators and physicians alike will have to overcome the cultural stigma attached to mental illness. The campaign, known as Depression/ Awareness, Recognition, and Treatment (D/ART), will seek to inform the public about the symptoms and nature of clinical depression, the potential for effective treatment, and the importance of seeking help. <h3>Five Centers</h3> In addition to the public information effort, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Rockville, Md, has funded five centers around the country to develop short training courses for primary care physicians, mental health professionals, and social workers in their regions. Those centers are located at schools of medicine at the University of Arizona,
Severe Febrile Reaction to Pneumococcal Vaccine
Authors: Jeffery D. Semel
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We have recently observed a severe local and systemic reaction to pneumococcal vaccine. <h3>Report of a Case. —</h3> A 49-year-old woman was given 0.5 mL of pneumococcal vaccine intramuscularly in the left triceps. On the day after vaccination, the patient complained of severe frontal headache, nuchal pain, photophobia, nausea, and vomiting, as well as pain and swelling at the injection site. She was admitted to the hospital. Past medical history included pneumonia one year before admission (cause not determined, although no pneumococci were cultured) and recurrent sinusitis. She reported having a serum-sickness-like reaction to equine tetanus antisera in the remote past. Physical examination disclosed an acutely ill patient with a temperature of 39.8 °C. There was an area of induration and tenderness measuring 7 cm at the injection site. The left upper arm was erythematous, swollen, and painful on movement. The neck was supple. Findings from neurological
Lidocaine Intramuscularly in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Victoria Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Two hundred milligrams of lidocaine hydrochloride was given intramuscularly for controlling ventricular premature beats in 40 patients continuously monitored in an intensive care unit. In 14 patients, serum levels were determined by gas chromatographic technique. The treatment abolished premature ventricular beats in 30 of the 40 patients. Eight of the failures had persistent premature ventricular beats over a long period before admission to hospital. Serum levels and clinical results showed that effective drug concentrations were reached between 15 to 30 minutes after injection and that therapeutic levels were maintained for at least 60 minutes. It is suggested that lidocaine should be given intramuscularly to patients suffering an acute myocardial infarction before they are moved to hospital to prevent serious ventricular arrhythmias during the prehospital phase.
Medical devices sorted into classes, regulated
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1985)

For the past nine years, the Office of Device Evaluation of the FDA's Center for Devices and Radiological Health has been working on the mammoth task of sorting all the medical devices that were on the market as of 1976 into three classes and regulating their use. According to Robert L. Sheridan, the office's associate director, about half the job is completed. The office has designated 16 medical disciplines and written final regulations for thousands of devices, from the simplest to the most complex, used in nine of those disciplines. Regulations have been proposed for the remaining seven. At the same time, the office's 190 employees—about 110 scientists and 80 administrative and secretarial staff—continue to process about 9,000 documents per year dealing with new devices. They review proposed clinical investigations and decide whether a new device can legally go to market. "We produce paper here," Sheridan says. "We're a manufacturing
Estrogen Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: S. S. C. Yen
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Nearly a decade ago, I proposed the term "estrogen withdrawal syndrome" to emphasize the importance of health and well-being and socioeconomic impacts during and after the transition of menopause.<sup>1</sup>While menopause is a component of the complex process of aging, a well-recognized set of functional changes is attributable to estrogen withdrawal, such as hot flushes and accelerated bone loss. Women with gonadal dysgenesis, who have never had normal levels of endogenous estrogen, do not experience flushes even at an advanced age. However, when estrogen is administered for several months and then treatment is discontinued, these women experience classic menopausal flushes for the first time.<sup>1</sup>This observation suggests that menopausal flushes are a manifestation of a classic withdrawal syndrome, mediated through functional changes of estrogen-sensitive neurons within the brain, which are linked to thermoregulation.<sup>2,3</sup> The long-term and more serious consequence of estrogen deficiency is the accelerated bone loss,
Endoscopy International Open – recently published
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

See also: Prospective international multicenter study on endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage for patients with malignant distal biliary obstruction after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographyEndosc Int Open 2016; 04(04): E487-E496DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-102648 See also: Use of a novel through-the-needle biopsy forceps in endoscopic ultrasoundEndosc Int Open 2016; 04(04): E439-E442DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-101941 See also: Prospective evaluation of the clinical utility of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in patients with Barrett’s esophagus: a Western center experienceEndosc Int Open 2016; 04(06): E715-E721DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-101788
Nasal Sinuses: An Anatomic and Clinical Consideration
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Narcissus, Pogo, and Lew Thomas' Wager
Authors: Roger J. Bulger
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<i>I have seen the enemy and he is us</i>.—Pogo ANY ANALYSIS of ethical issues in health policy has to begin with the distressing admission that our civilization's fundamental values are now in question and that what social critics and psychiatrists are calling "narcissism" is undermining our society. As I tried to get excited about attempting an explication of one or another of the ethical issues in health policy, I found myself returning to the four major words in the society's name: "society," "health," and "human values," and a growing feeling that there are higher-priority questions our nation and civilization must settle before the ethical issues in health policy can be sensibly addressed. Thus, I am led to offer a personal view of our situation, painting with broad strokes from a variety of sources in the hope that there might be some implications for action. <h3>'Narcissism'</h3> Just as in
Reducing Rates of Diagnostic Imaging
Authors: Jack O. Greenberg
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I read the article by Dr Bree and colleagues<sup>1</sup>with great interest. The authors of this randomized controlled trial concluded that an inpatient radiology consultation service did not reduce resource use. Physicians in the control group ordered about the same number and types of tests as those in the intervention group, despite radiological guidance for the intervention group. This suggests that the physicians on these medical services are knowledgeable about this subject. The authors of this article suggested that it might be more appropriate to study the outpatient setting. In their last paragraph, the authors state that "it has already been shown that physicians may overutilize imaging tests when engaged in in-office self-referral," and cite an article by Hillman et al.<sup>2</sup>In November 1992, the United Mine Workers of America refused to reimburse nonradiologists for interpretation of imaging studies based on another study by Hillman
Medical schools in the United States
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prospective Study of the Effect of Safety Belts on Morbidity and Health Care Costs in Motor-Vehicle Accidents
Authors: Elizabeth Mueller Orsay
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To assess the impact of safety belt use on the extent of injuries sustained in motor-vehicle accidents and the incurred health care costs, 1364 patients were prospectively evaluated at four Chicago-area hospitals. Of these, 791 (58%) were wearing a safety belt whereas 573 (42%) were not. The mean injury severity score for safety belt wearers was 1.8±0.07 vs 4.51 ±0.31 in those not wearing a safety belt. Only 6.8% of safety belt wearers required admission vs 19.2% of those not wearing a safety belt. Restrained occupants incurred mean charges of $534 ± $67 compared with $1583 ± $201 in unrestrained occupants. Thus, safety belt wearers had a 60.1% reduction in severity of injury, a 64.6% decrease in hospital admissions, and a 66.3% decline in hospital charges. Our findings demonstrate the significant societal burden of nonuse of safety belts in terms of morbidity and the costs of medical care. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:3598-3603)
Anticoagulants and Abdominal Pain
Authors: William W. Scott
Journal: JAMA (1984)

CONSIDERING the widespread use of anticoagulants, major complications are infrequent. In some cases, such as the sudden development of a neurological abnormality or gastrointestinal (GI) tract bleeding, the site of the problem is evident. The development of abdominal pain in the patient receiving anticoagulants is more likely to pose a diagnostic dilemma. A series of cases are presented in which the source of abdominal pain was not apparent and was not clarified by physical examination or conventional radiological studies. Computed tomographic (CT) examination of the abdomen provided useful information. The clinician is unlikely to have experience with a spectrum of such cases and the value of CT in hemorrhagic complications of therapy with warfarin sodium. Thus far, most of the reports of its use have appeared in the radiological literature and have dealt with only one of the several possible complications. The experience of the authors indicates that CT should
Tumor Induction in Fischer and Osborne-Mendel Rats by a Single Administration of Cycasin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

A single administration of cycasin, β-D-glucosyloxyazoxymethane, whether given subcutaneously to newborn male and female Fischer rats or by stomach tube to weanling male Osborne-Mendel rats, was sufficient to produce tumors. The tumors morphologically resembled those previously described which developed after chronic administration of cycasin or after repeated injections of the aglycone of cycasin, methylazoxymethanol. Sites of tumor development in order of frequency were the kidneys, intestine, liver, lung, and brain. The use of newborn rats did not shorten the period necessary for tumor induction. The various neoplasms developed with nearly equal frequency in the two sexes except that intestinal tumors were found more often in male rats. It was possible to protect a significant number of rats from a fatal dose of cycasin with radioprotective compounds such as cysteamine and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, provided each compound was given shortly before cycasin administration. The mechanism of protection is unknown. All rats protected from the acute lethal effects later developed tumors.
Psychiatrist Explores Apocalyptic Violence in Heaven's Gate and Aum Shinrikyo Cults
Authors: Lynne Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (1997)

"COLLECTIVE SUICIDE is a waste and a tragedy, but it is in no way comparable to the evil of mass murder," Robert Jay Lifton, MD, said in a presentation exploring parallels and contrasts in the Heaven's Gate and Aum Shinrikyo cults at the annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in San Diego, Calif, in May. Lifton also addressed the characteristics of cult leaders, the attractions cults hold for members, and the help physicians can offer cult members and their families. Lifton's presentation, "Cult Violence, Death, and Immortality," was proposed and cosponsored with the APA by the San Diego County Medical Society following the mass suicide of 39 members of Heaven's Gate at that cult's headquarters near San Diego on March 26, 1997. Lifton is Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology and director of the Center on Violence and Human Survival at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice
Violence towards female prostitutes
Authors: S. Day, H. Ward, P. M Boynton
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Health needs of asylum seekers and refugees Specific treatments are effective in cases of post-traumatic stress disorderEditor-Burnett and Peel described the social and family background regarding asylum seekers and refugees in Britain. 1 2 Unfortunately their articles make many confusing generalisations and have several inaccuracies regarding mental health.Burnett and Peel say that the most therapeutic event for a child can be to become part of the local school community. 2Everybody would agree that schools
Arthritis and Allied Conditions
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PRE-S2 ANTIBODIES IN HEPATITIS B
Authors: Alfredo Alberti, Patrizia Pontisso, Angela Fraiese, Shinobu Aihara, Iku Ise, Fumio Tsuda, Emiko Takai, Atsuhiko Machida, Yuzo Miyakawa, Makoto Mayumi, DomenicoE Sansonno, Gaetano Bufano, OnofrioG Manghisi
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
Pulmonary Function and Airway Responsiveness During Long-term Therapy With Captopril
Authors: Louis-Philippe Boulet
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors sometimes cause cough; the mechanism is unknown. We therefore studied the effects of ambulatory treatment with captopril on pulmonary function and on nonspecific bronchial responsiveness to methacholine in 15 hypertensive subjects. Lung volumes, expiratory flows and nonspecific bronchial responsiveness to methacholine using doses up to 64 g/L were measured before and four and eight weeks after captopril treatment was started. Throughout the study the subjects recorded respiratory symptoms and peak expiratory flow rates. In four subjects a persistent cough developed related to the use of captopril, but this was not associated with the development of airflow obstruction or bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The mean provocative concentration of methacholine that resulted in a 20% fall in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 43.6 ± 1.8 g/L after eight weeks of captopril treatment compared with 61.6 ± 1.2 g/L at the baseline evaluation. We concluded that there was no significant change in lung function during treatment with captopril. The development of a cough related to this medication is not associated with the development of airflow obstruction or airway hyperresponsiveness. (<i>JAMA</i>1989;261:413-416)
Violence Begins at Home
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1981)

It is no secret that not every home is as sweet as nostalgic Western songs would lead us to believe. There are homes in which violence flourishes, often unnoticed by outsiders. An example of such violence is child abuse. This can present itself as physical injury or psychic trauma, the latter a result of the former or caused by direct verbal assaults on the child, or by violent behavior of parents, which frightens him. Child abuse may not be readily recognizable to medical observers when the abuser provides a plausible alternative explanation for the injuries. Here the examining physician, with his powers of observation and deduction coupled with an attentive ear to social history, may come to the diagnostic rescue. Such a rescue is sometimes effected under the most bizarre of circumstances. Meadow<sup>1</sup>described two families in which parental Munchausen syndrome expressed itself in inventing fictitious symptoms for their
Violence in Television Commercials During Nonviolent Programming
Authors: Charles Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To identify the frequency of violent television commercials aired during major league baseball playoffs, traditionally thought to be a family-oriented viewing time. <h3>Design and Setting.</h3> —All 6 World Series games televised on the Fox Television Network (Fox), all 5 American League Championship Series playoff games televised by the National Broadcasting Company (NBC), and 4 first-round playoff games televised by ESPN Sports Television Network (ESPN) were videotaped in October 1996. <h3>Results.</h3> —During the 15 televised games reviewed, 104 (6.8%) of the 1528 commercials contained violent content. Sixty-one commercials (10 per game) that included violent interactions were noted during the World Series, 30 (6 per game) during the American League Championship Series, and 13 (3 per game) during the 4 first-round playoff games for a total of 104. In these 104 violent commercials, 69 contained at least 1 violent act, 90 contained at least 1 violent threat, and 27 contained evidence of at least 1 violent consequence. Seventy (67.3%) of the violent commercials were promotions for television programs, 7 (6.7%) were cable television program advertisements, and 20 (19.2%) were big-screen movie promotions. Twenty (71.4%) of 28 bigscreen movie promotions were violent. Twenty-two (21.2%) of the 104 violent commercials and 7 "nonviolent" commercials contained blood or other graphic content, all of which were televised during the Fox presentation of the World Series. Fox also accounted for all 24 violent commercials that used a knife. Guns were involved in 25 violent commercials on NBC (5.0 per game), in 20 on Fox (3.33 per game), and in 7 on ESPN (1.75 per game). <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Overt violent content in commercials during the 1996 major league playoffs was common and consisted mainly of promotions for television programs and big-screen movies. It is counterintuitive to find such commercials in nonviolent programming and makes it difficult for parents to avoid exposing their children to this form of violence.
Portal hypertension in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: M. C. Kew, R. R. Varma, H. A. Dos Santos, P. J. Scheuer
Journal: Gut (1971)

Evidence of portal hypertension was found in 50 out of 109 patients (47%) with primary biliary cirrhosis, and of these 32 bled from oesophageal varices. In four patients portal hypertension was the initial manifestation of the disease and this complication was recognized in a further 17 within two years of the first symptom of primary biliary cirrhosis. The development of portal hypertension was associated with a poor prognosis and death could frequently be attributed to variceal bleeding; the mean duration of survival from the time that portal hypertension was recognized was 14·9 months. Portal decompression operations may have improved the immediate prognosis in some patients but did not otherwise influence the progression of the disease. In 47 patients the histological findings in wedge biopsy or necropsy material were correlated with the presence or absence of varices. An association between nodular regeneration of the liver and varices was confirmed, but, in the absence of nodules, no other histological cause for portal venous obstruction could be found.