tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Lymphadenopathy After COVID Vaccine in 18F-Choline PET/MRI Performed for Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Ali Kibar, Fuad Aghazada, Sertac Asa, Rabia Lebriz Uslu Besli, Kerim Sonmezoglu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract We describe a case of a 56-year-old woman with primary hyperparathyroidism. 18 F-Choline PET/MRI revealed incidental bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy with mild-moderate increased 18 F-choline uptake. The patient had her first and third doses of COVID-19 vaccines from the left arm and second dose of vaccine from the right arm before PET examination.
68Ga-FAPI Versus 18F-FDG PET/CT in Evaluating Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Shan Zheng, Junyu Lin, Youzhi Zhu, Yun Chen, Jiaying Zhang, Xiangjin Chen, Weibing Miao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Purpose This study aimed to compare the performance of 68 Ga-FAPI and 18 F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Methods Thirty-four women with newly diagnosed breast cancer who underwent both 68 Ga-FAPI and 18 F-FDG PET/CT within 1 week were prospectively included in the study. The imaging characteristics of primary lesions, diagnostic efficiency of lymph node metastasis (LNM), and accuracy of N stage evaluation between 2 PET/CTs were compared. Results 68 Ga-FAPI showed higher SUV max (11.06 ± 5.48 vs 8.33 ± 6.07, P = 0.02) and tumor-to-background ratio (15.32 ± 10.33 vs 8.25 ± 5.51, P &lt; 0.001) than 18 F-FDG in primary tumors. 68 Ga-FAPI SUV max was positively correlated with the pathological grade of the primary lesions and the final stage of the patients ( P &lt; 0.001). The specificity and accuracy of 68 Ga-FAPI was higher than that of 18 F-FDG in the diagnosis of LNMs on patient-based and lesion-based analysis ( P &lt; 0.001). The accuracy for the evaluation of N stage and N0 axillar status was 91.2% (31/34) and 85.7% (12/14) for 68 Ga-FAPI, and 73.5% (25/34) and 42.9% (6/14) for 18 F-FDG, respectively. Conclusions The 68 Ga-FAPI SUV max was positively correlated with the pathological grade of the primary lesions and the final stage of the patients. 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT has higher accuracy than 18 F-FDG in the evaluation of N stage, especially N0 axillar status, which is helpful to improve the treatment strategy for breast cancer patients.
Dispensing of Ivermectin From Veterans Administration Pharmacies During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nora V. Becker, Sarah Seelye, Kao-Ping Chua, Kelly Echevarria, Rena M. Conti, Hallie C. Prescott
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

This cohort study compares changes in ivermectin dispensing during the COVID-19 pandemic between the Veterans Administration (VA) and retail pharmacy settings and examines the association of the VA national formulary restriction with ivermectin dispensing.
Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Follicular Fluid and Embryo Quality during IVF: A Prospective IVF Cohort in China
Authors: Xiao-Wen Zeng, Michael S. Bloom, Fu Wei, Liling Liu, Jie Qin, Lintao Xue, Shikai Wang, Guolan Huang, Min Teng, Bing He, Xianbao Mao, Chu Chu, Shao Lin, Guang-Hui Dong, Weihong Tan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2023)

Background: Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) have been measured in ovarian follicular fluid from women using in vitro fertilization (IVF), although associations between follicular fluid PFAA and IVF outcomes have been inconsistent. Objectives: We investigated the association between follicular fluid PFAA and embryo quality in women undergoing IVF. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 729 women undergoing IVF treatment in Guangxi province, China, from July 2018 to December 2018. We measured 32 PFAA, including branched isomers, in follicular fluid using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. We applied restricted cubic splines, linear regression, and log-binominal regression models to investigate associations between follicular fluid PFAA and embryo quality, adjusting for confounding variables and investigated oocyte maturity as an intervening variable using causal mediation analysis. We further estimated the overall effect of the PFAA mixture on outcomes using Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). Results: We detected 8 of 32 measured PFAA in >85% of follicular fluid samples. Higher PFAA concentrations were associated with fewer high-quality embryos from IVF. The high-quality embryo rates at the 50th percentile of linear perfluoro-1-octanesulfonate acid (n-PFOS), all branched PFOS isomers (Br-PFOS) and linear perfluoro-n-octanoic acid (n-PFOA) were −6.34% [95% confidence interval (CI): −9.45, −3.32%], −16.78% (95% CI: −21.98, −11.58%) and −8.66% (95% CI: −11.88, −5.43%) lower, respectively, than the high quality embryo rates at the reference 10th percentile of PFAA. Oocyte maturity mediated 11.76% (95% CI: 3.18, 31.80%) and 14.28% (95% CI: 2.95, 31.27%) of the n-PFOS and n-PFOA associations, respectively. The results of the BKMR models showed a negative association between the PFAA mixture and the probability of high-quality embryos, with branched PFOS isomers having posterior inclusion probabilities of 1 and accounting for the majority of the association. Discussion: Exposure to higher PFAA concentrations in follicular fluid was associated with poorer embryo quality during IVF. Branched PFOS isomers may have a stronger effect than linear PFOS isomers. More studies are needed to confirm these findings and to directly estimate the effects on pregnancy and live-birth outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10857
Risk of Reoperation for Recurrence After Elective Primary Groin and Ventral Hernia Repair by Supervised Residents
Authors: Camilla Christophersen, Siv Fonnes, Kristoffer Andresen, Jacob Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Surgical training involves letting residents operate under supervision. Since hernia repair is a common procedure worldwide, it is a frequent part of the surgical curriculum.
Complex Fibroadenoma Mimicking Breast Cancer on 68Ga-FAPI-04 and 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Göksel Alçin, Gamze Tatar, Melisa Seray Menengiç Koç, Esra Arslan, Nurhan Ergül, Tevfik Fikret Çermik
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract A 47-year-old woman had complaint of palpable swelling in the left breast for the last 3 weeks. 18 F-FDG PET/CT for staging of concomitant invasive carcinoma in the right breast and 68 Ga-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor 04 PET/CT imaging in an ongoing study were performed. Increased radiopharmaceutical uptake was observed in both PET/CT imaging in complex fibroadenoma located in the left breast.
Agent Slows Glioblastoma Tumors in Mice by Blocking Fat Metabolism
Authors: Howard Larkin
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association of Primary Immunodeficiencies in Parents With Psychiatric Disorders and Suicidal Behavior in Their Offspring
Authors: Josef Isung, Kayoko Isomura, Kyle Williams, Tianyang Zhang, Paul Lichtenstein, Lorena Fernández de la Cruz, Anna Sidorchuk, David Mataix-Cols
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2023)

Maternal immune activation (MIA) leading to altered neurodevelopment in utero is a hypothesized risk factor for psychiatric outcomes in offspring. Primary antibody immunodeficiencies (PIDs) constitute a unique natural experiment to test the MIA hypothesis of mental disorders.
A Drop-in Gamma Probe for Minimally Invasive Sentinel Lymph Node Dissection in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jose M. Abascal Junquera, Nina N. Harke, Jochen C. Walz, Boris Hadaschik, Jim Adshead, Wouter Everaerts, Karolien Goffin, Maarten R. Grootendorst, Francesca Oldfield, Kunal Vyas, Antoni Mestre Fusco, Nuria Juanpere, Sergi Vidal-Sicart, Lluis Fumado
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Purpose This study evaluated the performance of a drop-in gamma probe for prostate cancer (PCa) sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) in a pelvic phantom, porcine model, and in PCa patients as part of an ongoing prospective multicenter clinical trial. Methods Two design variants of the drop-in gamma probe (SENSEI; Lightpoint Medical Ltd) were assessed in the pelvic phantom, and the preferred design was evaluated in a porcine model with clinically representative volumes and 99m Tc activities. In the clinical trial, radical prostatectomy, SLND, and extended pelvic lymph node dissection were performed the day after 99m Tc-nanocolloid injection and imaging. Sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) were detected with the drop-in probe and a rigid laparoscopic gamma probe (RLGP). An interim analysis was performed after 10 patients were recruited. Results The narrow field of view probe design outperformed the wide field of view design in the pelvic phantom (detection rate, 100% vs 50%). In the porcine model, all activity concentrations could be successfully detected. The drop-in gamma probe successfully detected SLNs in all 10 patients (detection rate, 100%). Two of the SLNs identified by the drop-in gamma probe could not be found with the RLGP. No false-negative cases and no adverse events related to the SLND procedure or the drop-in gamma probe occurred. Conclusion The drop-in gamma probe meets the usability and performance requirements for SLND in PCa and provides performance advantages over the RLGP. The final clinical study results will confirm the performance of the technique across multiple sites.
Predicting colorectal cancer microsatellite instability with a self-attention-enabled convolutional neural network
Authors: Xiaona Chang, Jianchao Wang, Guanjun Zhang, Ming Yang, Yanfeng Xi, Chenghang Xi, Gang Chen, Xiu Nie, Bin Meng, Xueping Quan
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2023)

This study develops a method combining a convolutional neural network model, INSIGHT, with a self-attention model, WiseMSI, to predict microsatellite instability (MSI) based on the tiles in colorectal cancer patients from a multicenter Chinese cohort. After INSIGHT differentiates tumor tiles from normal tissue tiles in a whole slide image, features of tumor tiles are extracted with a ResNet model pre-trained on ImageNet. Attention-based pooling is adopted to aggregate tile-level features into slide-level representation. INSIGHT has an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.985 for tumor patch classification. The Spearman correlation coefficient of tumor cell fraction given by expert pathologist and INSIGHT is 0.7909. WiseMSI achieves a specificity of 94.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 93.7%-95.7%), a sensitivity of 84.7% (95% CI 82.6%-86.9%), and an AUC of 0.954 (95% CI 0.948-0.960). Comparative analysis shows that this method has better performance than the other five classic deep learning methods.
Frequency and Characteristics of Trials Using Medical Writer Support in High-Impact Oncology Journals
Authors: Eva Buck, Alyson Haslam, Jordan Tuia, Vinay Prasad
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance The practice of using medical writers to communicate scientific information has gained popularity, but it may affect how and what information is communicated. Objective To assess characteristics of oncology trials that use medical writers and whether there is an association between the use of medical writers and trial success or the primary outcome evaluated. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study included oncology trials testing a tumor-targeting intervention that were published in The Lancet , The Lancet Oncology , JAMA , JAMA Oncology , Journal of Clinical Oncology , and The New England Journal of Medicine between May 1, 2021, and May 1, 2022. Exposures Assistance of medical writers or no assistance. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were the percentage of studies with medical writers, the percentage of trial successes reported with medical writers, the association between trial success and medical writer use, and the association between a primary end point and medical writer use. Results Among 270 studies, 141 (52.2%) included a medical writer and 129 (47.8%) did not include a medical writer. Of the studies that included a medical writer, 83 (58.9%) were successful. Of the studies that did not include a medical writer, 64 (49.6%) were successful ( P = .16 for difference). Studies with medical writers were less likely than studies without medical writers to have the end point of overall survival (15 [10.6%] vs 17 [13.2%]) and disease-free or event-free survival (16 [11.3%] vs 29 [22.5%]), whereas studies with a medical writer were more likely to have the end point of progression-free survival (32 [22.7%] vs 17 [13.2%]). Use of medical writer was associated with the conclusions being presented favorably in all studies (113 [80.1%] vs 89 [69.0%]; odds ratio [OR], 1.81 [95% CI, 1.04-3.19]), but when adjusted for other variables, there was no association (OR, 1.84 [95% CI, 0.92-3.72]). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, trials using medical writers were more likely to report surrogate end points, such as progression-free survival, and favorable conclusions, but when adjusted for trial phase, randomization, and study funding, there was no association with favorable conclusions. These findings suggest that journals need heightened scrutiny for studies with medical writers and that authorship should be properly acknowledged.
Intracellular to Interorgan Mitochondrial Communication in Striated Muscle in Health and Disease
Authors: Neoma T Boardman, Giulia Trani, Marco Scalabrin, Vanina Romanello, Rob C I Wüst
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2023)

Abstract Mitochondria sense both biochemical and energetic input in addition to communicating signals regarding the energetic state of the cell. Increasingly, these signaling organelles are recognized as key for regulating different cell functions. This review summarizes recent advances in mitochondrial communication in striated muscle, with specific focus on the processes by which mitochondria communicate with each other, other organelles, and across distant organ systems. Intermitochondrial communication in striated muscle is mediated via conduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential to adjacent mitochondria, physical interactions, mitochondrial fusion or fission, and via nanotunnels, allowing for the exchange of proteins, mitochondrial DNA, nucleotides, and peptides. Within striated muscle cells, mitochondria-organelle communication can modulate overall cell function. The various mechanisms by which mitochondria communicate mitochondrial fitness to the rest of the body suggest that extracellular mitochondrial signaling is key during health and disease. Whereas mitochondria-derived vesicles might excrete mitochondria-derived endocrine compounds, stimulation of mitochondrial stress can lead to the release of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) into the circulation to modulate whole-body physiology. Circulating mitochondrial DNA are well-known alarmins that trigger the immune system and may help to explain low-grade inflammation in various chronic diseases. Impaired mitochondrial function and communication are central in common heart and skeletal muscle pathologies, including cardiomyopathies, insulin resistance, and sarcopenia. Lastly, important new advances in research in mitochondrial endocrinology, communication, medical horizons, and translational aspects are discussed.
The regulatory mechanisms and inhibitors of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 in cancer
Authors: Yang Liu, Wei Xu, Mingxue Li, Yueying Yang, Dejuan Sun, Lidian Chen, Hua Li, Lixia Chen
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2023)

Reprogramming of energy metabolism is one of the basic characteristics of cancer and has been proved to be an important cancer treatment strategy. Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs) are a class of key proteins in energy metabolism, including IDH1, IDH2, and IDH3, which are involved in the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to yield α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Mutants of IDH1 or IDH2 can produce d-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) with α-KG as the substrate, and then mediate the occurrence and development of cancer. At present, no IDH3 mutation has been reported. The results of pan-cancer research showed that IDH1 has a higher mutation frequency and involves more cancer types than IDH2, implying IDH1 as a promising anti-cancer target. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the regulatory mechanisms of IDH1 on cancer from four aspects: metabolic reprogramming, epigenetics, immune microenvironment, and phenotypic changes, which will provide guidance for the understanding of IDH1 and exploring leading-edge targeted treatment strategies. In addition, we also reviewed available IDH1 inhibitors so far. The detailed clinical trial results and diverse structures of preclinical candidates illustrated here will provide a deep insight into the research for the treatment of IDH1-related cancers.
Phospholipid remodeling and its derivatives are associated with COVID-19 severity
Authors: Juntong Wei, Xiaoyu Liu, Weimin Xiao, Jiahua Lu, Li Guan, Zhangfu Fang, Jiaping Chen, Baoqing Sun, Zongwei Cai, Xizhuo Sun, Hua-Ling Chen, Nanshan Zhong, Zhigang Liu, Jun Yang, Xiaojun Xiao, Shau-Ku Huang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2023)
Extracellular vesicle-transmitted miR-671-5p alleviates lung inflammation and injury by regulating the AAK1/NF-κB axis
Authors: Jie Lian, Xinxing Zhu, Jiang Du, Beijia Huang, Fengting Zhao, Chunya Ma, Rui Guo, Yangxia Zhang, Longkai Ji, Badrul Hisham Yahaya, Juntang Lin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2023)

Mesenchymal stem cells regulate remote intercellular signaling communication via their secreted extracellular vesicles. Here, we report that menstrual blood-derived stem cells alleviate acute lung inflammation and injury via their extracellular vesicle-transmitted miR-671-5p. Disruption of this abundantly expressed miR-671-5p dramatically reduced the ameliorative effect of extracellular vesicles released by menstrual blood-derived stem cells on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary inflammatory injury. Mechanistically, miR-671-5p directly targets the kinase AAK1 for post-transcriptional degradation. AAK1 is found to positively regulate the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling by controlling the stability of the inhibitory protein IκBα. This study identifies a potential molecular basis of how extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells improve pulmonary inflammatory injury and highlights the functional importance of the miR-671-5p/AAK1 axis in the progression of pulmonary inflammatory diseases. More importantly, this study provides a promising cell-based approach for the treatment of pulmonary inflammatory disorders through an extracellular vesicle-dependent pathway. Mesenchymal stem cells regulate remote intercellular signaling communication via their secreted extracellular vesicles. Here, we report that menstrual blood-derived stem cells alleviate acute lung inflammation and injury via their extracellular vesicle-transmitted miR-671-5p. Disruption of this abundantly expressed miR-671-5p dramatically reduced the ameliorative effect of extracellular vesicles released by menstrual blood-derived stem cells on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary inflammatory injury. Mechanistically, miR-671-5p directly targets the kinase AAK1 for post-transcriptional degradation. AAK1 is found to positively regulate the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling by controlling the stability of the inhibitory protein IκBα. This study identifies a potential molecular basis of how extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells improve pulmonary inflammatory injury and highlights the functional importance of the miR-671-5p/AAK1 axis in the progression of pulmonary inflammatory diseases. More importantly, this study provides a promising cell-based approach for the treatment of pulmonary inflammatory disorders through an extracellular vesicle-dependent pathway.
IL-13–associated epithelial remodeling correlates with clinical severity in nasal polyposis
Authors: Maya E. Kotas, Neil N. Patel, Emily K. Cope, Jose G. Gurrola, Andrew N. Goldberg, Steven D. Pletcher, Max A. Seibold, Camille M. Moore, Erin D. Gordon
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2023)

Epithelial remodeling is a histopathologic feature of chronic inflammatory airway diseases including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Cell-type shifts and their relationship to CRS endotypes and severity are incompletely described.
Alterations of nasal microbiome in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Yibo Liang, Runxiang Xie, Xin Xiong, Zhanjun Hu, Xiang Mao, Xiaoyu Wang, Jinmei Zhang, Peiyong Sun, Zhenzhong Yue, Wei Wang, Guimin Zhang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2023)
Diagnostic value of molecular tests for the management of postoperative pneumonia in thoracic surgery
Authors: Matthieu Turpin, Sophie Tuffet, Charlotte Verdet, Julien Lopinto, Michel Djibré, Ludovic Lassel, Juliette Camuset, Sophie Dupeyrat, Medhi Hafiani, Christophe Quesnel, Jalal Assouad, Guillaume Voiriot, Alexandra Rousseau, Muriel Fartoukh
Journal: Journal of Infection (2023)
Big Macs and the Beano: Is it time for the comic to drop the junk food brands?
Authors: Claire Mulrenan, Mark Petticrew, Harry Wallop
Journal: BMJ (2023)

The Beano website describes itself as “100% safe for children”—but is its junk food related content doing more harm than good? <b>Claire Mulrenan</b>, <b>Mark Petticrew</b>, and <b>Harry Wallop</b> investigate