tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of homelessness and skin conditions: a Danish population-based cohort study
Authors: Sandra F Nilsson, Zarqa Ali, Thomas M Laursen, Jacob P Thyssen, Alexander  Egeberg, Merete Nordentoft, Carsten Hjorthøj, Simon F Thomsen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Abstract Background Research has linked homelessness with an increased risk of skin conditions. However, representative studies of diagnosis-specific information on skin conditions in people experiencing homelessness are lacking. Objectives To examine the association between homelessness and diagnosed skin conditions, prescribed medication and type of ­consultation. Methods This cohort study included data from the Danish nationwide health, social and administrative registers from 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2018. All people of Danish origin living in Denmark and aged at least 15 years at some point during the study period were included. Homelessness, measured by homeless shelter contacts, was the exposure. The outcome was any diagnosis of a skin disorder and specific skin disorders recorded in the Danish National Patient Register. Information on diagnostic consultation type (i.e. dermatological, nondermatological and emergency room) and dermatological prescriptions was studied. We estimated adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) (adjusted for sex, age and calendar year) and cumulative incidence. Results In total, 5 054 238 individuals (50.6% female) were included in the study population, accounting for 73 477 258 person-years at risk, with a start mean (SD) age of 39.4 (21.1) years. Of the total number of individuals, 759 991 (15.0%) received a skin diagnosis and 38 071 (0.7%) experienced homelessness. A 2.31-times [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.25–2.36] higher IRR of any diagnosed skin condition was associated with homelessness, higher for nondermatological and emergency room consultations. Homelessness was associated with a reduced IRR of a skin neoplasm diagnosis (aIRR 0.76, 95% CI 0.71–8.82) compared with no homelessness. By the end of follow-up, 2.8% (95% CI 2.5–3.0) of individuals experiencing homelessness had a skin neoplasm diagnosis vs. 5.1% (95% CI 4.9–5.3) of individuals not experiencing homelessness. Five or more shelter contacts during the first year from first contact was associated with the highest aIRR of any diagnosed skin condition (7.33, 95% CI 5.57–9.65) compared with no contacts. Conclusions Individuals experiencing homelessness have high rates of most diagnosed skin conditions, but a lower occurrence of skin cancer diagnosis. Diagnostic and medical patterns for skin disorders differed clearly between people experiencing homelessness and individuals without these experiences. The time after first homeless shelter contact is an important window of opportunity for mitigating and preventing skin disorders.
IgY antibodies against cytolysin reduce ethanol-induced liver disease in mice
Authors: Noemí Cabré, Phillipp Hartmann, Cristina Llorente, Tetsuya Kouno, Yanhan Wang, Suling Zeng, Hyun Young Kim, Xinlian Zhang, Tatiana Kisseleva, Subramanian Iyer, Sirisha Kudumala, Bernd Schnabl
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

Background and Aims: Patients with severe alcohol-associated hepatitis have high morbidity and mortality. Novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. The aims of our study were to confirm the predictive value of cytolysin-positive Enterococcus faecalis ( E. faecalis ) for mortality in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis and to assess the protective effect of specific chicken immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies against cytolysin in vitro and in a microbiota-humanized mouse model of ethanol-induced liver disease. Approach and Results: We investigated a multicenter cohort of 26 subjects with alcohol-associated hepatitis and confirmed our previous findings that the presence of fecal cytolysin-positive E. faecalis predicted 180-day mortality in those patients. After combining this smaller cohort with our previously published multicenter cohort, the presence of fecal cytolysin has a better diagnostic area under the curve, better other accuracy measures, and a higher odds ratio to predict death in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis than other commonly used liver disease models. In a precision medicine approach, we generated IgY antibodies against cytolysin from hyperimmunized chickens. Neutralizing IgY antibodies against cytolysin reduced cytolysin-induced cell death in primary mouse hepatocytes. The oral administration of IgY antibodies against cytolysin decreased ethanol-induced liver disease in gnotobiotic mice colonized with stool from cytolysin-positive patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis. Conclusions: E. faecalis cytolysin is an important mortality predictor in alcohol-associated hepatitis patients, and its targeted neutralization through specific antibodies improves ethanol-induced liver disease in microbiota-humanized mice.
Targeting neuropilin-1 abolishes anti-PD-1-upregulated regulatory T cells and synergizes with 4-1BB agonist for liver cancer treatment
Authors: Qinchuan Wu, Caixu Pan, Yuan Zhou, Shuai Wang, Liting Xie, Wuhua Zhou, Limin Ding, Tianchi Chen, Junjie Qian, Rong Su, Xingxing Gao, Zhibin Mei, Yiting Qiao, Shengyong Yin, Yi Wu, Jieyi Wang, Lin Zhou, Shusen Zheng
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

Background &amp; Aims: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an obstacle to PD-1 blockade-mediated antitumor efficacy. However, the behaviors of Tregs response to anti-PD-1 in HCC and the characteristics of Tregs tissue adaptation from peripheral lymphoid tissues to the tumor are still unclear. Approach &amp; Results: Here, we determine that PD-1 monotherapy potentially augments the accumulation of tumor CD4 + Tregs. Mechanistically, anti-PD-1 mediates Tregs proliferation in lymphoid tissues rather than in the tumor. Increased peripheral Tregs burden replenishes intratumoral Tregs, raising the ratio of intratumoral CD4 + Tregs to CD8 + T cells. Subsequently, single-cell transcriptomics revealed that neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1) supports Tregs migration behavior, and the genes of Crem and Tnfrsf9 regulate the behaviors of the terminal suppressive Tregs. Nrp-1 + 4-1BB - Tregs stepwise develop to the Nrp-1 - 4-1BB + Tregs from lymphoid tissues into the tumor. Moreover, Treg-restricted Nrp1 depletion abolishes anti-PD-1-upregulated intratumoral Tregs burden and synergizes with the 4-1BB agonist to enhance the antitumor response. Finally, a combination of the Nrp-1 inhibitor and the 4-1BB agonist in humanized HCC models showed a favorable and safe outcome and evoked the antitumor effect of the PD-1 blockade. Conclusion: Our findings elucidate the potential mechanism of anti-PD-1–mediated intratumoral Tregs accumulation in HCC and uncover the tissue adaptation characteristics of Tregs and identify the therapeutic potential of targeting Nrp-1 and 4-1BB for reprogramming the HCC microenvironment.
Spatial metabolomics and its application in the liver
Authors: André A. Santos, Teresa C. Delgado, Vanda Marques, Carmen Ramirez-Moncayo, Cristina Alonso, Antonio Vidal-Puig, Zoe Hall, María Luz Martínez-Chantar, Cecilia M.P. Rodrigues
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

Hepatocytes work in highly structured, repetitive hepatic lobules. Blood flow across the radial axis of the lobule generates oxygen, nutrient, and hormone gradients, which result in zoned spatial variability and functional diversity. This large heterogeneity suggests that hepatocytes in different lobule zones may have distinct gene expression profiles, metabolic features, regenerative capacity, and susceptibility to damage. Here, we describe the principles of liver zonation, introduce metabolomic approaches to study the spatial heterogeneity of the liver, and highlight the possibility of exploring the spatial metabolic profile, leading to a deeper understanding of the tissue metabolic organization. Spatial metabolomics can also reveal intercellular heterogeneity and its contribution to liver disease. These approaches facilitate the global characterization of liver metabolic function with high spatial resolution along physiological and pathological time scales. This review summarizes the state of the art for spatially resolved metabolomic analysis and the challenges that hinder the achievement of metabolome coverage at the single-cell level. We also discuss several major contributions to the understanding of liver spatial metabolism and conclude with our opinion on the future developments and applications of these exciting new technologies.
Adherence to LI-RADS and EASL high-risk population criteria: A systematic review
Authors: Roberto Cannella, Marco Dioguardi Burgio, Riccardo Sartoris, Jules Gregory, Valérie Vilgrain, Maxime Ronot
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

Background and Aims: The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) diagnostic criteria for noninvasive diagnosis of HCC can only be applied to patients at a high risk of HCC. This systematic review assesses adherence to the LI-RADS and EASL high-risk population criteria in published studies. Approach and Results: PubMed was searched for original research, published between January 2012 and December 2021, reporting LI-RADS and EASL diagnostic criteria on contrast-enhanced ultrasound, CT, or MRI. The algorithm version, publication year, risk status, and etiologies of chronic liver disease were recorded for each study. Adherence to high-risk population criteria was evaluated as optimal (unequivocal adherence), suboptimal (equivocal), or inadequate (clear violation). A total of 219 original studies were included, with 215 that used the LI-RADS criteria, 4 EASL only, and 15 that evaluated both LI-RADS and EASL criteria. Optimal, suboptimal, or inadequate adherence to high-risk population criteria was observed in 111/215 (51.6%), 86/215 (40.0%), and 18/215 (8.4%) LI-RADS and 6/19 (31.6%), 5/19 (26.3%), and 8/19 (42.1%) EASL studies ( p &lt; 0.001) regardless of the imaging modality. Adherence to high-risk population criteria significantly improved according to the CT/MRI LI-RADS versions (optimal in v2018 in 64.5% of studies; v2017, 45.8%; v2014, 24.4%; v2013.1, 33.3%; p &lt; 0.001) and the publication year (2020–2021, 62.5%; 2018–2019, 33.9%; 2014–2017, 39.3% of all LI-RADS studies; p = 0.002). No significant differences in adherence to high-risk population criteria were observed in the versions of contrast-enhanced ultrasound LI-RADS ( p = 0.388) or EASL ( p = 0.293). Conclusion: Adherence to high-risk population criteria was optimal or suboptimal in about 90% and 60% of LI-RADS and EASL studies, respectively.
Numerous Ulcerated Plaques of the Trunk and Extremities in a Patient Receiving Long-term Hydroxyurea Therapy
Authors: Paul Wirth, Todd V. Cartee, Charlene Lam
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2023)

A woman in her 80s initially presented with numerous, primarily photodistributed, crusted, and ulcerated plaques of the trunk and extremities and a medical history of essential thrombocytosis treated with hydroxyurea for 14 years. What is your diagnosis?
Surgeon-Anesthesiologist Dyad Familiarity—What Are the Unintended Consequences?
Authors: Brandon M. Togioka, Skye C. Mayo
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Differences in Ideal Cardiovascular Health Between Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Adults
Authors: Billy A. Caceres, Yashika Sharma, Rohith Ravindranath, Ipek Ensari, Nicole Rosendale, Danny Doan, Carl G. Streed
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Research on the cardiovascular health (CVH) of sexual minority adults has primarily examined differences in the prevalence of individual CVH metrics rather than comprehensive measures, which has limited development of behavioral interventions.
Frailty Assessment in the Older Adult Surgical Patient—Crucial Questions for the Future
Authors: Mira Ghneim, Sasha Adams, Deborah M. Stein
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Prognostic Significance of Residual Ductal Carcinoma In Situ After Complete Response of Invasive Breast Cancer to Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: Thomas J. O’Keefe, Anne M. Wallace
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
A Cautiously Optimistic Metric for Patients Undergoing Durable Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation
Authors: David J. Kaczorowski, Danny Chu
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Association Between Familiarity of the Surgeon-Anesthesiologist Dyad and Postoperative Patient Outcomes for Complex Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Julie Hallet, Rinku Sutradhar, Angela Jerath, Pablo Perez d’Empaire, François M. Carrier, Alexis F. Turgeon, Daniel I. McIsaac, Chris Idestrup, Gianni Lorello, Alana Flexman, Biniam Kidane, Yosuf Kaliwal, Wing C. Chan, Victoria Barabash, Natalie Coburn, Antoine Eskander
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

The surgeon-anesthesiologist teamwork and relationship is crucial to good patient outcomes. Familiarity among work team members is associated with enhanced success in multiple fields but rarely studied in the operating room.
Association of Routine Preoperative Frailty Assessment With 1-Year Postoperative Mortality
Authors: Patrick R. Varley, Dan Buchanan, Andrew Bilderback, Mary Kay Wisniewski, Jason Johanning, Joel B. Nelson, Jonas T. Johnson, Tamra Minnier, Daniel E. Hall
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Patient frailty is a known risk factor for adverse outcomes following surgery, but data are limited regarding whether systemwide interventions related to frailty are associated with improved patient outcomes.
A Real-World Comparison of Regorafenib and Trifluridine/Tipiracil in Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in the United States
Authors: Christopher Nevala-Plagemann, Shashank Sama, Jian Ying, Jincheng Shen, Benjamin Haaland, Vaia Florou, Ignacio Garrido-Laguna
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2023)

Background: Trifluridine/Tipiracil (TAS-102) and regorafenib are FDA-approved in the United States for treatment of refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). FDA approvals of these agents were based on modest improvements in overall survival (OS) compared with best supportive care + placebo in the RECOURSE and CORRECT trials, respectively. This study compared real-world clinical outcomes with the use of these agents. Methods: A nationwide deidentified electronic health record–derived database was reviewed for patients diagnosed with mCRC between 2015 and 2020. Patients who received at least 2 lines of standard systemic therapy followed by treatment with either TAS-102 or regorafenib were included for analysis. Kaplan-Meier and propensity score–weighted proportional hazards models were used to compare survival outcomes between groups. Results: The records of 22,078 patients with mCRC were reviewed. Of these, 1,937 patients received at least 2 lines of standard therapy followed by regorafenib and/or TAS-102. Median OS for the TAS-102 alone or prior regorafenib group (n=1,016) was 6.66 months (95% CI, 6.16–7.18 months) compared with 6.30 months (95% CI, 5.80–6.79 months) for regorafenib alone or prior to TAS-102 (n=921; P =.36). A propensity score–weighted analysis controlling for potential confounders did not demonstrate a significant difference in survival between groups (hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.90–1.09; P =.82). A subgroup analysis did not identify any significant differences in outcomes regarding age, performance status, tumor sidedness, microsatellite instability status, or RAS/RAF status. Conclusions: This analysis of real-world data found that OS was similar for patients with mCRC who were treated with TAS-102 compared with regorafenib. Median OS with both agents in a real-world setting was similar to that shown in the clinical trials that led to their approvals. A prospective trial comparing TAS-102 and regorafenib would unlikely change current management of patients with refractory mCRC.
Association of Days Alive and Out of the Hospital After Ventricular Assist Device Implantation With Adverse Events and Quality of Life
Authors: Pierre-Emmanuel Noly, Xiaoting Wu, Hechuan Hou, Kathleen L. Grady, James W. Stewart, Robert B. Hawkins, Guangyu Yang, K. Dennie Kim, Min Zhang, Lourdes Cabrera, Keith D. Aaronson, Francis D. Pagani, Donald S. Likosky, Ashraf Shaaban Abdel Aziz Abou El Ela, Paul C Tang, Michael P Thompson, Peter Sassalos, Supriya Shore, Thomas M Cascino, Jeffrey S McCullough, Grace Chung, Allison M Janda, Alexander A Brescia, Gardner L Yost, Austin Airhart
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

There is a need to better assess the cumulative effect on morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. This study evaluates a patient-centered performance metric (days alive and out of hospital [DAOH]) for durable LVAD therapy.
The Interplay Between Developmental Stage and Environment Underlies the Adaptive Effect of a Natural Transposable Element Insertion
Authors: Miriam Merenciano, Josefa González
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2023)

Abstract Establishing causal links between adaptive mutations and ecologically relevant phenotypes is key to understanding the process of adaptation, which is a central goal in evolutionary biology with applications for conservation, medicine, and agriculture. Yet despite recent progress, the number of identified causal adaptive mutations remains limited. Linking genetic variation to fitness-related effects is complicated by gene-by-gene and gene-by-environment interactions, among other processes. Transposable elements, which are often ignored in the quest for the genetic basis of adaptive evolution, are a genome-wide source of regulatory elements across organisms that can potentially result in adaptive phenotypes. In this work, we combine gene expression, in vivo reporter assays, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, and survival experiments to characterize in detail the molecular and phenotypic consequences of a natural Drosophila melanogaster transposable element insertion: the roo solo-LTR FBti0019985. This transposable element provides an alternative promoter to the transcription factor Lime, involved in cold- and immune-stress responses. We found that the effect of FBti0019985 on Lime expression depends on the interplay between the developmental stage and environmental condition. We further establish a causal link between the presence of FBti0019985 and increased survival to cold- and immune-stress. Our results exemplify how several developmental stages and environmental conditions need to be considered to characterize the molecular and functional effects of a genetic variant, and add to the growing body of evidence that transposable elements can induce complex mutations with ecologically relevant effects.