tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In Defense of Adolescents
Authors: Daniel Offer
Journal: JAMA (1987)

ADOLESCENTS have always perplexed the adult world. By definition, a teenager is someone between childhood and adulthood. But exactly where in this continuum an individual teenager is at any one point has always been something of a mystery. Lawmakers have had difficulty in deciding at what age the privileges of adult membership in society should be extended to an individual, and confusion and inconsistencies abound. For example, in virtually every jurisdiction in the United States, a 14-year-old adolescent cannot legally vote, buy alcohol, or obtain a driver's license. Yet, if that same 14-year-old adolescent were to commit a murder, he or she could, in many states, be tried as an adult—suggesting that the adolescent has the maturity and decision-making capacity consistent with full adult responsibility for criminal behavior. <h3>Adolescent Turmoil</h3> The very notion of an "adolescent" as someone different from a child who is, however, not yet an adult in
Requirement of RNA and Protein Synthesis and Inhibition by Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid of Retinoic Acid-Induced Proteoglycan Release in a Transplantable Rat Chondrosarcoma
Authors: Andreas Kistler, Hans Rudolf Hartmann
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

In in vitro cultures of prepared pieces of transplantable chondrosarcoma from F344 rats, retinoic acid enhanced the release of proteoglycan, with a lag between 6 and 14 hours. The retinoic acid-induced release of proteoglycan was inhibited in vivo and in vitro by cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, and in vitro by actinomycin D and cordycepin, inhibitors of RNA synthesis. These results suggested that the retinoic acid-induced release of proteoglycan depends on de novo RNA and protein synthesis. The proteoglycan release induced by retinoic acid in vitro was blocked by EDTA but not by other proteinase inhibitors (pepstatin, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, and Trasylol) and was completely restored by Zn2+. The degradation of proteoglycan induced by retinoic acid may depend on newly synthesized metal-dependent proteinases.
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

SEMA3F Suppresses Lymphangiogenic Metastasis in HNSCCHead and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are highly lymphangiogenic, frequently showing lymphatic metastases.Doçi and colleagues observed that Semaphorin 3F (SEMA3F), an axonal guidance molecule, was underexpressed in HNSCC.Genomic loss was correlated with enhanced metastasis and poor survival.Expression of SEMA3F coreceptor neuropilin-2 (NRP2) was high in lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) and low in oral epithelium and in HNSCCs.Recombinant SEMA3F caused LEC collapse and inhibited lymphangiogenesis in vivo.SEMA3F could also inhibit lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in orthotopic HNSCC metastasis mouse models.The authors observed loss of SEMA3F expression during progression, concomitant with increased tumor lymphangiogenesis.Interestingly, SEMA3F is localized to 3p21, an early and frequently deleted locus in HNSCC.Thus, SEMA3F represents a suppressor of lymphangiogenic metastasis that might serve as a prognostic marker and a novel therapeutic target.(Image from cited article courtesy of publisher.)
Long-term Trends in Mortality in the Intensive Care Unit—Reply
Authors: Andrés Esteban
Journal: JAMA (2002)

To the Editor: Dr Geba and colleagues1 reported that rofecoxib, 25 mg/d, was superior to celecoxib, 200 mg/d, and acetaminophen, 4000 mg/d, in treating osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. We lack important information for supporting this conclusion.
Absorption and Excretion of Radioactively Tagged Dextroamphetamine Sulfate From a Sustained-Release Preparation
Authors: Earl Rosen
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This study was undertaken to test the reliability of a sustained-release dosage form of dextroamphetamine sulfate. We tagged the drug with the radioactive carbon atom and gave four dosage regimens to 16 subjects following an incomplete block crossover design. The plasma and urine data obtained showed that the 15-mg sustained-release dosage form tested performed in a way comparable to 5 mg given three times each day, that it released its drug over a prolonged period, and that it was equivalent to other 15-mg regimens in the amount of drug made available for absorption. On the basis of these findings, we can say that the sustainedrelease dosage form tested is a reliable way to administer dextroamphetamine sulfate. The tests described herein, and tests of similar complexity, are becoming a more and more essential part of the evaluation of such dosage forms.
'Artificial' human reproduction poses medical, social concerns
Authors: Terra Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1986)

"The drive to parenthood by infertile couples has elevated techniques of 'artificial' human reproduction from science fiction to clinical realities," says Jerome K. Sherman, MD, president of the Reproductive Council of the American Association of Tissue Banks. "These realities are limited only by human imagination." They are also limited by various medical, ethical, psychological, and social concerns. Most of these were debated at a recent meeting of the American Fertility Society in Chicago. In particular, panelists discussed the pros and cons of artificial insemination and cryobanking, stressing concerns about anonymity, eugenics, and psychological trauma to all parties. According to Sherman, who is also professor of anatomy, University of Arkansas Medical Center, Little Rock, infertility affects one in six American couples of reproductive age, and there are predicted increases. Options for these couples include artificial insemination with sperm donated by the husband or by another donor, in vitro fertilization, embryo transplantation,
Competency Requirements
Authors: Fredric D. Burg
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The faculty of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, have substituted definitions of knowledge and skills for course requirements as requirements for admission. The school expects that this action will allow students more flexibility in the development of their undergraduate academic programs, while guiding them specifically to the necessary preparation in the sciences. It is further hoped that this action will encourage the faculties of undergraduate schools to examine the way in which they prepare students for careers in medicine. This article describes the approach used for bringing about this change in policy and presents the new admissions requirements. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:389-391)
Hyperbilirubinaemia in term infants
Authors: S. Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Partnership with patientsTreat patients as you would like to be treated yourselfEditor-Patients today are different from patients in the past.Well informed patients want your knowledge, your listening, your analysis, your opinion, but not your decision.Luckily, you need not be the all-knowing doctor of the past.You discuss and reflect and you enable patients to reach a decision on how to face the future.The atmosphere of the consultation should be calm, gentle, and respectful.If possible, meet patients in the waiting room and invite them into your room.In general, you should encourage them to bring a partner or friend.The discussion may be serious, and at home the partner or friend might help in reconsidering the content of the consultation.Be aware that patients lose their autonomy when visiting a doctor.One of your duties is to try to restore that autonomy.Always apologise if you are late and therefore in a hurry.If you have not read the notes explain that you have not been able to read the medical notes yet.You will find that then a small miracle happens: patients will not be dissatisfied but will help you to discover why they are visiting you.Patients have waited for you.The art of consultation is to devote all your time and attention to them and nothing else.In general, don't take bleepers with you and don't answer telephone calls.If a bleeper goes off, a telephone call comes through, or someone storms into your room, always ask patients for their permission to deal with these intrusions and promise to make it very short.The time of the consultation is the patients, not yours.Generally, it is not wise to reach a diagnosis, offer treatment, and come to a decision in the one consultation.Patients need time for reflection and discussion at home.Consultations are an important part of medical practice.Treat patients as you would like to be treated yourself.Be honest and respectful and make this contact with them a pleasure.
The Gaisböck Syndrome
Authors: William E. Bakewell
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The "Gaisböck Syndrome," although considered by some as a "nonentity," has the specific hematologic findings of an apparent polycythemia, a normal circulating red blood cell (RBC) mass, and a decreased plasma volume. The name "stress polycythemia" was given on the basis of clinical manifestations and evidence of reactions to psychic stress in many of these patients. Its incidence has been reported to be higher in psychiatric patients than in normal controls, and a clear temporal relationship between clinical manifestations of anxiety and stress and measured blood volume changes were documented in a case report. However, no physiologic or pathologic basis has been found. In our study, which was designed to elicit the pathophysiology of this entity, two typical cases were studied. Both of the patients had hematocrit readings ranging from 54% to 61% for at least one year and blood volume studies via the double tagging technique
Computer Monitoring— The Next Step in Surveillance
Authors: E. Eugene Beyt
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Two of the most interesting and hotly debated topics in hospital epidemiology are the methods of surveillance and prevention of hospital-acquired infections and the programs needed to assess and ensure the appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy. In this battle to reduce infection rates and change antimicrobial prescribing patterns, improving the quality of care and decreasing health care costs, Evans and co-workers<sup>1</sup>report in this issue ofTHE JOURNALa computer monitoring system. In the past, hospital information systems have been designed largely around the data management needs of administrative services, scheduling, accounting, order entry, and laboratory and radiology results. As hospital information systems expand and include clinical information, decision support systems have been developed.<sup>2</sup>The vast amount of patient data stored in a hospital information system, now accompanied by increasing amounts of clinical information, provides a storehouse of applicable information related to the areas of hospital infection control and
Mitochondrial dysfunction in alcoholic patients as assessed by breath analysis
Authors: Bernhard H. Lauterburg, Dana Liang, Felix A. Schwarzenbach, Kerry J. Breen
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Mitochondria of patients with alcoholic liver disease are morphologically abnormal, and mitochondria isolated from animals exposed to ethanol exhibit functional deficiencies in vitro. Because the functional consequences of the morphological alterations and the relevance of in vitro observations to mitochondrial function in alcoholic subjects are not clear, we assessed mitochondrial function noninvasively with a breath test. Mitochondrial function was assessed by measuring the exhalation of 14 CO 2 after administration of 1 μCi 2-keto[1- 14 C]isocaproic acid, the decarboxylation of which occurs in mitochondria. The results of the 2-keto[1- 14 C]isocaproic acid breath test in 17 alcoholic subjects were compared with the results in healthy controls and patients with nonalcoholic liver disease. The peak exhalation of 14 CO 2 and the fraction of the administered dose decarboxylated in 60 min were significantly lower in alcoholic patients than in healthy controls or patients with nonalcoholic liver disease. In alcoholic patients 2-keto[1- 14 C]isocaproic acid decarboxylation was impaired in the presence of normal conventional and quantitative liver function as assessed by aminopyrine breath test and galactose elimination capacity, indicating that 2-keto[1- 14 C]isocaproic acid decarboxylation does not simply reflect decreased functional liver mass. We conclude that mitochondrial function as reflected by 2-keto[1- 14 C]isocaproic acid decarboxylation is impaired in chronic alcoholic patients. The functional impairment is specific for excessive ethanol consumption and not a reflection of decreased global liver function or the presence of cirrhosis. 2-Keto[1- 14 C]isocaproic acid decarboxylation could thus be useful as a marker of excessive ethanol consumption. (Hepatology 1993;17:418-422.)
Restricting Amphetamines
Authors: Darold A. Treffert
Journal: JAMA (1981)

AMPHETAMINE abuse is a major component of the drug-abuse problem in the United States. Two 1977 National Institute of Drug Abuse studies showed that anorectic stimulant and sedative-hypnotic use taken together ranked first in prevalence in rural areas, and second only to use of opiates in urban areas, as the primary drug problem at the time of admission to treatment units in eight states; next to marijuana, amphetamines were the class of drugs most commonly used by a large sample of For editorial comment see p 1346. veterans and nonveterans, with a clear relationship between amphetamine use and adjustment problems in the sample.<sup>1,2</sup> In 1975 prescriptions numbering 25.4 million were written for amphetamines and related anorectic drugs. Manufacturers' sales totaled $84.6 million and retail sales totaled $170 million. The production of diet pills reached a total of 12 billion pills in 1971, most of them Schedule II substances.<sup>3</sup>
Caffeine During Pregnancy: Grounds for Concern?
Authors: Brenda Eskenazi
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Is caffeine consumption safe during pregnancy? Caffeine, the most widely used psychotropic drug, is consumed by at least 75% of pregnant women via caffeinated beverages.<sup>1</sup>In spite of its widespread use, the safety of this habit during pregnancy is unresolved. See also p 2940. In the last year,<i>JAMA</i>has published two excellent studies that assessed the safety of caffeine consumption during pregnancy. The conclusions of these studies somewhat conflict. In February, Mills and colleagues,<sup>2</sup>in a prospective cohort study of 431 pregnant women, reported that moderate caffeine consumption of less than 300 mg/d (or about three cups of coffee) did not increase the risk for spontaneous abortion (SAB), intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), or microcephaly. Although the heavy consumption group was small and the power limited, caffeine consumption above 300 mg/d did appear to be related to IUGR.<sup>3,4</sup>In this issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Infante-Rivard and colleagues<sup>5</sup>
SPONTANEOUS GENERATION.
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AMA Council Looks at Clinical Research Now
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1996)

HOW TO NURTURE clinical research in today's changing health care system is becoming a major topic of concern, not just to researchers and those in academic medicine but also to third-party payers and mainstream physicians. The American Medical Association (AMA) is reviewing some of the current problems and pressures plaguing clinical research with an eye toward how they might best be managed. Its Council on Scientific Affairs (CSA) held a 2-day conference on the topic in Washington, DC, and expects to develop an action plan to encourage new ways of stimulating this vital area of medical progress. <h3>Of Concern to Many</h3> But the AMA is by no means the only group interested in the future of clinical research. Last year the director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) formed a panel to review the topic. It covers some of the same ground as the AMA's council, albeit from a
Synovial Fluid Changes in Joint Disease.
Journal: JAMA (1953)

This little monograph presents the authors' 20 years of experience with articular anatomy, physiology, and pathology. The book begins with a discussion of normal articular fluid. Much of the work presented was done on cattle, but the findings are apparently comparable to those in fluid recovered post mortem from human joints. The second chapter presents a general analysis of the variations that can occur in pathological states. The comprehensiveness of this section is reflected in its subheadings: pressure, amount and gross appearance of fluid, bacteriology, cytology, proteins, electrolytes, nonelectrolytes (including sugar, lactate, lipids, and cholesterol), enzymes, and mucin. On the basis of these studies, the authors divide abnormal joint fluids into two main groups: those characteristic of diseases of traumatic origin and those found in rheumatoid arthritis and diseases of infectious origin. In chapters 3 and 5 these two groups are discussed in detail and in relation to specific disease
State Medicaid Coverage for Tobacco-Dependence Treatments—United States, 2005
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. One of the national health objectives for 2010 is to increase insurance coverage of evidence-based treatment for nicotine dependence (i.e., total coverage of behavioral therapies and Food and Drug Administration [FDA]--approved pharmacotherapies) in Medicaid programs from 36 states to all states and the District of Columbia (DC) (objective 27.8). To increase both the use of treatment by smokers attempting to quit and the number of smokers who quit successfully, the Guide to Community Preventive Services recommends reducing the "out-of-pocket" cost of effective tobacco-dependence treatments (i.e., individual, group, and telephone counseling, and FDA--approved pharmacotherapies) for smokers. The 2000 Public Health Service (PHS) Clinical Practice Guideline supports expanded insurance coverage for tobacco-dependence treatments. In 2000, approximately 32 million low-income persons in the United States received their health insurance coverage through the federal-state Medicaid program; 11.5 million (36%) of these persons smoked (CDC, unpublished data, 2000). The amount and type of coverage for tobacco-dependence treatment offered by Medicaid has been reported for 1998 and 2000 from state surveys conducted by the Center for Health and Public Policy Studies (CHPPS) at the University of California, Berkeley. All states and DC were re-surveyed in 2001 about amount and type of coverage, and level of coverage since 1994. This report summarizes the results of the survey, which indicate that the number of Medicaid programs providing some coverage for tobacco-dependence counseling or medication increased from 34 in 2000 to 36 in 2001, but only one state offered coverage for all the counseling and pharmacotherapy treatments recommended by the 2000 PHS guideline. If the 2010 national health objective is to be achieved, Medicaid coverage for treatment of tobacco dependence should be increased dramatically.
Specialty Board Certification as a Measure of Professional Competence
Authors: William D. Holden
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Today there are basically three methods of recognizing, formally and publicly, professional competence to provide medical services to the public. These consist of receipt of the MD degree, acquisition of a license to practice medicine, and certification by a specialty board. The historical development of these methods of recognition is a fascinating and almost incredible story, documented most effectively by Shryock.<sup>1</sup>The history of this development displays degrees of parochialism by medical educators, practitioners, and administrators alike that could easily deter the most sanguine advocate for change from proceeding with any realistic analysis of existing conditions and recommendations for improvement. If the medical profession intends to keep its own house in order, however, it must recognize the changing significance of the MD degree, state licensure, and board certification. Adaptation to the changes is essential if these awards are to be meaningful to the individual, the profession, and the public.
Transactions of the Association of American Physicians.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Glutamate plays key roles in oncogenic metabolic and signaling pathways.Koochekpour and colleagues examined serum glutamate levels in healthy men and in patients with primary or metastatic castrateresistant prostate cancer.They show that serum glutamate levels increase with Gleason score and are higher in patients with primary prostate cancer.Glutamate deprivation or blockade with a glutamate receptor antagonist significantly decreased growth, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis in both androgendependent and androgenindependent prostate cancer cells.These observations highlight the potential of glutamate as a biomarker of aggressiveness in primary prostate cancer and inhibition of its metabolic and signaling activities for molecular targeted therapy.