tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health Beliefs Associated With Metformin Use Among Insured Adults With Prediabetes
Authors: Laura N. McEwen, Thomas E. Hurst, Kevin L. Joiner, William H. Herman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

OBJECTIVE To use the framework of the Health Belief Model (HBM) to explore factors associated with metformin use among adults with prediabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed survey data from 200 metformin users and 1,277 nonmetformin users with prediabetes identified from a large, insured workforce. All subjects were offered the National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) at no out-of-pocket cost. We constructed bivariate and multivariate models to investigate how perceived threat, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and cues to action impacted metformin use and how demographic, clinical, sociopsychological, and structural variables impacted the associations. RESULTS Adults with prediabetes who used metformin were younger and more likely to be women and to have worse self-rated health and higher BMIs than those with prediabetes who did not use metformin. Those who used metformin were also more likely to be aware of their prediabetes and to have a personal history of gestational diabetes mellitus or a family history of diabetes. After consideration of perceived threat, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and cues to action, the only independent predictors of metformin use were younger age, female sex, higher BMI, and cues to action, most specifically, a doctor offering metformin therapy. CONCLUSIONS Demographic and clinical factors and cues to action impact the likelihood of metformin use for diabetes prevention. Perceived threat, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy were not independently associated with metformin use. These results highlight the importance of patient-centered primary care and shared decision-making in diabetes prevention. Clinicians should proactively offer metformin to patients with prediabetes to facilitate effective diabetes prevention.
Downplaying the catastrophic health impact of heatwaves costs lives
Authors: Dann M Mitchell, Y T Eunice Lo
Journal: BMJ (2022)

The UK recently well and truly surpassed its daytime and night time highest temperature records.A previous national daytime record of 38.7°C, set in 2019, was broken when temperatures rose above 40°C in the UK for the first time on 19 July and reached a new high of 40.3°C in Lincolnshire.That night, the previous overnight record of 23.9°C (recorded in 1990) was also broken, with the temperature provisionally hitting 25.8°C in Surrey.Heatwaves are often called "silent killers," and are one of the clearest examples of an environmental hazard that leads to adverse health outcomes.
An antibody that neutralizes SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 by binding to a conserved spike epitope outside the receptor binding motif
Authors: Yan Fang, Pengcheng Sun, Xuping Xie, Mingjian Du, Fenghe Du, Jianfeng Ye, Birte K. Kalveram, Jessica A. Plante, Kenneth S. Plante, Bo Li, Xiao-chen Bai, Pei-Yong Shi, Zhijian J. Chen
Journal: Science Immunology (2022)

The rapid evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), such as the Omicron variants that are highly transmissible and immune evasive, underscores the need to develop therapeutic antibodies with broad neutralizing activities. Here, we used the LIBRA-seq technology, which identified SARS-CoV-2–specific B cells via DNA barcoding and subsequently single-cell sequenced BCRs, to identify an antibody, SW186, which could neutralize major SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including Beta, Delta, and Omicron, as well as SARS-CoV-1. The cryo-EM structure of SW186 bound to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein showed that SW186 interacted with an epitope of the RBD that is not at the interface of its binding to the ACE2 receptor but is highly conserved among SARS coronaviruses. This epitope encompasses a glycosylation site (N343) of the viral spike protein. Administration of SW186 in mice after they were infected with SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta, or Delta variants reduced the viral loads in the lung. These results demonstrated that SW186 neutralizes diverse SARS coronaviruses by binding to a conserved RBD epitope, which could serve as a target for further antibody development.
Endoplasmic reticulum-targeted inhibition of CYP2E1 with vitamin E nanoemulsions alleviates hepatocyte oxidative stress and reverses alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Yingying Shi, Yu Liu, Sijie Wang, Jiaxin Huang, Zhenyu Luo, Mengshi Jiang, Yichao Lu, Qing Lin, Huihui Liu, Ningtao Cheng, Jian You
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)
Ionizing radiation damage and repair from 3D-genomic perspective
Authors: Yang Zheng, Hao Li, Xiaochen Bo, Hebing Chen
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2022)

Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage and repair are complex and occur at hierarchical chromatin structures; radiobiology needs to be studied from a 3D-genomic perspective. Differences in IR damage and repair throughout the 3D genome may help to explain differences in radiosensitivity. Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage and repair are complex and occur at hierarchical chromatin structures; radiobiology needs to be studied from a 3D-genomic perspective. Differences in IR damage and repair throughout the 3D genome may help to explain differences in radiosensitivity.
DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha and TET methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 restrain mitochondrial DNA-mediated interferon signaling in macrophages
Authors: Isidoro Cobo, Tiffany N Tanaka, Kailash Chandra Mangalhara, Addison Lana, Calvin Yeang, Claudia Han, Johannes Schlachetzki, Jean Challcombe, Bethany R Fixsen, Mashito Sakai, Rick Z Li, Hannah Fields, Michal Mokry, Randy G Tsai, Rafael Bejar, Koen Prange, Menno de Winther, Gerald S Shadel, Christopher K Glass
Journal: Immunity (2022)
Dual ontogeny of disease-associated microglia and disease inflammatory macrophages in aging and neurodegeneration
Authors: Aymeric Silvin, Stefan Uderhardt, Cecile Piot, Sandro Da Mesquita, Katharine Yang, Laufey Geirsdottir, Kevin Mulder, David Eyal, Zhaoyuan Liu, Cecile Bridlance, Morgane Sonia Thion, Xiao Meng Zhang, Wan Ting Kong, Marc Deloger, Vasco Fontes, Assaf Weiner, Rachel Ee, Regine Dress, Jing Wen Hang, Akhila Balachander, Svetoslav Chakarov, Benoit Malleret, Garett Dunsmore, Olivier Cexus, Jinmiao Chen, Sonia Garel, Charles Antoine Dutertre, Ido Amit, Jonathan Kipnis, Florent Ginhoux
Journal: Immunity (2022)
Targeting the EIF2AK1 Signaling Pathway Rescues Red Blood Cell Production in <i>SF3B1</i>-Mutant Myelodysplastic Syndromes With Ringed Sideroblasts
Authors: Vera Adema, Feiyang Ma, Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna, Natthakan Thongon, Guillermo Montalban-Bravo, Hui Yang, Scott A. Peslak, Feng Wang, Pamela Acha, Francesc Sole, Pamela Lockyer, Margherita Cassari, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski, Valeria Visconte, Irene Gañán-Gómez, Yuanbin Song, Carlos Bueso-Ramos, Matteo Pellegrini, Tuyet M. Tan, Rafael Bejar, Jennifer S. Carew, Stephanie Halene, Valeria Santini, Gheath Al-Atrash, Karen Clise-Dwyer, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Gerd A. Blobel, Simona Colla
Journal: Blood Cancer Discovery (2022)

Abstract SF3B1 mutations, which occur in 20% of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), are the hallmarks of a specific MDS subtype, MDS with ringed sideroblasts (MDS-RS), which is characterized by the accumulation of erythroid precursors in the bone marrow and primarily affects the elderly population. Here, using single-cell technologies and functional validation studies of primary SF3B1-mutant MDS-RS samples, we show that SF3B1 mutations lead to the activation of the EIF2AK1 pathway in response to heme deficiency and that targeting this pathway rescues aberrant erythroid differentiation and enables the red blood cell maturation of MDS-RS erythroblasts. These data support the development of EIF2AK1 inhibitors to overcome transfusion dependency in patients with SF3B1-mutant MDS-RS with impaired red blood cell production. Significance: MDS-RS are characterized by significant anemia. Patients with MDS-RS die from a shortage of red blood cells and the side effects of iron overload due to their constant need for transfusions. Our study has implications for the development of therapies to achieve long-lasting hematologic responses. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 476
Psychology, Normal and Morbid.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Psychosocial aspects of the functional gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: D A Drossman, F H Creed, K W Olden, J Svedlund, B B Toner, W E Whitehead
Journal: Gut (1999)

The functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) are the most frequent conditions seen in gastroenterology practice and comprise a major portion of primary care. Psychosocial factors are important in these disorders with regard to: (1) their effects on gut physiology; (2) their modulation of the symptom experience; (3) their influence on illness behavior; (4) their impact on outcome; and (5) the choice of the therapeutic approach. This paper provides a review and consensus of the existing literature by gastroenterologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, physiologists, and health services investigators. Evidence is provided to support the biopsychosocial model as a basis for understanding and treating these disorders, and epidemiological and clinical information on the relations of psychosocial factors to gut physiology, symptom presentation, health behavior, and outcome is offered. Features of motility, personality, abuse history, health concerns, and treatment-seeking differ between patients with FGID and healthy controls, but they are not specific to FGID. They occur in other patients with chronic medical conditions and/or psychiatric disorders. Review of treatment trials indicates clear support for psychotherapeutic treatments, especially in the long term, as well as some evidence for the benefit of antidepressants in FGID, even in the absence of improvements in mood.
British Society for Digestive Endoscopy
Journal: Gut (1974)

the presidency of Professor A. E. Read.The general theme of the meeting was 'An evaluation of gastrointestinal fibre-endo- scopy'.The following symposia consti- tuted the main programme: 'Mucosal cancer' (Moderator: Dr B. C. Morson), 'Haematemesis and melaena' (Dr Geoffrey Watkinson), 'Disorders of the duodenal bulb' (Professor M
The Management of Poliomyelitis
Journal: BMJ (1947)

tality.This is important where extensive local disease or associated constitutional conditions render gastrectomy difficult and hazardous.Since th.e presentation of this paper information concerning one of the untraced cases has been received.This patient, now living in Edlmonton, was operated on in October for a penetrating stoma ulcer.He hal undergone vagotonmy in May 1946 for a duodenal ulcer and in 1948 a gastro-enterostomy had been performed because of gastric retention.ADDENDUM In addition a report concerning one of the cases classified as Poor has been received from his physician.Previ- ously the patient had no personal follow-up, interview or barium studies.His questionnaire was interpreted as suggesting the possibility of a continuing ulcer state.Following a recent examination, in March 1953, his physician reports that the patient has had no meleena or symptoms or ulcer recurrence.He has gained weight and iS quite satisfied with his present condition.
Neoadjuvant nivolumab (NIVO) + platinum-doublet chemotherapy (chemo) versus chemo for resectable (IB–IIIA) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Association of pathological regression with event-free survival (EFS) in CheckMate 816.
Authors: Mariano Provencio-Pulla, Jonathan Spicer, Janis M. Taube, Claudio Martin, David R. Spigel, Changli Wang, Nicolas Girard, Shun Lu, Tetsuya Mitsudomi, Mark M. Awad, Enriqueta Felip, Julie R. Brahmer, Stephen Broderick, Scott Swanson, Keith Kerr, Li Li, Junliang Cai, Judith Bushong, Phuong Tran, Patrick M. Forde
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

LBA8511 Background: Several studies have shown an association of pathological response, a common efficacy endpoint in neoadjuvant therapy trials, with survival for chemo in various cancers including resectable NSCLC. However, the association between pathological complete response (pCR) and survival as well as the degree of pathological regression that may be predictive of EFS for neoadjuvant immunotherapy has not been rigorously studied. CheckMate 816 (NCT02998528), a randomized phase 3 study of neoadjuvant NIVO + chemo vs chemo in resectable NSCLC, met both of its primary endpoints with a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in EFS and pCR. Here, we report a post hoc analysis from CheckMate 816, characterizing the association between pathological regression and EFS. Methods: Adults with resectable NSCLC were randomized to NIVO 360 mg + platinum-doublet chemo Q3W or chemo alone Q3W for 3 cycles. Primary endpoints were EFS and pCR (0% residual viable tumor [RVT] in the primary tumor [PT] and lymph nodes [LN] based on immune-related pathological response criteria), both assessed by blinded independent review. Major pathological response (MPR; ≤10% RVT in the PT and LN) was a secondary endpoint. In this post hoc analysis, EFS was assessed based on depth of pathological regression (measured by %RVT) in the PT only. Also, a time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis assessed the predictive ability of %RVT (PT only) for EFS outcome at 2 years, using area under the curve (AUC) to summarize the overall diagnostic accuracy (0.5 = random chance; 1 = perfect accuracy). Results: Baseline characteristics in patients (pts) with pathologically evaluable samples were well balanced between the NIVO + chemo and chemo arms, similar to the overall population. In both treatment arms, EFS (minimum follow-up, 21 months) was improved in pts with vs without pCR or MPR (Table). %RVT appeared to be predictive of EFS at 2 years for NIVO + chemo (AUC = 0.74) but an association was not clear for chemo (AUC = 0.54). 2-year EFS rates for NIVO + chemo were 90%, 60%, 57%, and 39% for pts with 0–5%, &gt;5–30%, &gt;30–80%, and &gt;80% RVT, respectively. Conclusions: In CheckMate 816, pathological response (pCR and MPR) in the PT was associated with improved EFS with neoadjuvant NIVO + chemo. Additionally, depth of pathological regression appeared to be predictive of improved EFS. Clinical trial information: NCT02998528. [Table: see text]
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 19, 6 October 1993, Pages 1552–1553, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.19.1552 Published: 06 October 1993
Trend in industry payments to infectious disease physicians in the United States: a seven-year analysis of nonresearch payments from the Open Payments Database between 2014 and 2020
Authors: Anju Murayama, Kenji Nakano, Sae Kamamoto, Masaya Sato, Hiroaki Saito, Tetsuya Tanimoto, Akihiko Ozaki
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2022)
Comparison of doses and injection sites of botulinum toxin for chronic anal fissure: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kasidin Vitoopinyoparb, Putsarat Insin, Kunlawat Thadanipon, Sasivimol Rattanasiri, John Attia, Gareth McKay, Ammarin Thakkinstian
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2022)

There are no consensus guidelines on the optimal dose or injection site of botulinum toxin (BT) for chronic anal fissure (CAF). The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate dose and injection site of BT for CAF by comparing healing rate and adverse effects (incontinence and recurrence). MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Scopus were searched from inception through May 31, 2021. Randomized controlled trials evaluating healing and adverse effects of BT injection for CAF published in any language were selected. Multiple treatment comparisons and ranking were performed using a two-stage network meta-analysis, and results were graded by Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis tool. Twenty-seven trials involving 1880 patients were included. The results demonstrated that high-dose-BT had significantly higher short-term healing when injected out of the fissure (OF) site than each side of the fissure (SF) site, with a risk ratio (RR) of 2.12 (1.08, 4.15); low-dose-BT did not show any difference across OF and SF site with RR of 1.20 (0.85, 1.68). High-dose-BT at the OF site showed similar healing to low-dose-BT at the same site (RR of 1.02 (0.79, 1.31)) but with a higher risk of incontinence with RR of 3.54 (0.85, 14.76). In contrast, high-dose-BT at the SF site showed lower healing compared to low-dose-BT at the same site with RR of 0.57 (0.29, 1.14). Both high-dose-BT and low-dose-BT at the OF site had higher recurrence than high-dose-BT or low-dose-BT at the SF site with RR of 2.08 (0.33, 13.11) and 1.89 (0.60, 5.94), respectively. Given moderate level of evidence, low-dose BT is optimal; injection out of the fissure site improves short-term outcomes while injection each side of the fissure site tends to reduce recurrence in the longer term.
Exosome-guided direct reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages from protumorigenic to antitumorigenic to fight cancer
Authors: Hyosuk Kim, Hyun-Ju Park, Hyo Won Chang, Ji Hyun Back, Su Jin Lee, Yae Eun Park, Eun Hye Kim, Yeonsun Hong, Gijung Kwak, Ick Chan Kwon, Ji Eun Lee, Yoon Se Lee, Sang Yoon Kim, Yoosoo Yang, Sun Hwa Kim
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

Highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment containing various protumoral immune cells accelerates malignant transformation and treatment resistance. In particular, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), as the predominant infiltrated immune cells in a tumor, play a pivotal role in regulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. As a potential therapeutic strategy to counteract TAMs, here we explore an exosome-guided in situ direct reprogramming of tumor-supportive M2-polarized TAMs into tumor-attacking M1-type macrophages. Exosomes derived from M1-type macrophages (M1-Exo) promote a phenotypic switch from anti-inflammatory M2-like TAMs toward pro-inflammatory M1-type macrophages with high conversion efficiency. Reprogrammed M1 macrophages possessing protein-expression profiles similar to those of classically activated M1 macrophages display significantly increased phagocytic function and robust cross-presentation ability, potentiating antitumor immunity surrounding the tumor. Strikingly, these M1-Exo also lead to the conversion of human patient-derived TAMs into M1-like macrophages that highly express MHC class II, offering the clinical potential of autologous and allogeneic exosome-guided direct TAM reprogramming for arming macrophages to join the fight against cancer.
Anti-COX-2 autoantibody is a novel biomarker of immune aplastic anemia
Authors: Tiina Kelkka, Mikko Tyster, Sofie Lundgren, Xingmin Feng, Cassandra Kerr, Kohei Hosokawa, Jani Huuhtanen, Mikko Keränen, Bhavisha Patel, Toru Kawakami, Yuka Maeda, Otso Nieminen, Tiina Kasanen, Pasi Aronen, Bhagwan Yadav, Hanna Rajala, Hideyuki Nakazawa, Taina Jaatinen, Eva Hellström-Lindberg, Seishi Ogawa, Fumihiro Ishida, Hiroyoshi Nishikawa, Shinji Nakao, Jaroslaw Maciejewski, Neal S. Young, Satu Mustjoki
Journal: Leukemia (2022)

In immune aplastic anemia (IAA), severe pancytopenia results from the immune-mediated destruction of hematopoietic stem cells. Several autoantibodies have been reported, but no clinically applicable autoantibody tests are available for IAA. We screened autoantibodies using a microarray containing >9000 proteins and validated the findings in a large international cohort of IAA patients (n = 405) and controls (n = 815). We identified a novel autoantibody that binds to the C-terminal end of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2, aCOX-2 Ab). In total, 37% of all adult IAA patients tested positive for aCOX-2 Ab, while only 1.7% of the controls were aCOX-2 Ab positive. Sporadic non-IAA aCOX-2 Ab positive cases were observed among patients with related bone marrow failure diseases, multiple sclerosis, and type I diabetes, whereas no aCOX-2 Ab seropositivity was detected in the healthy controls, in patients with non-autoinflammatory diseases or rheumatoid arthritis. In IAA, anti-COX-2 Ab positivity correlated with age and the HLA-DRB1*15:01 genotype. 83% of the >40 years old IAA patients with HLA-DRB1*15:01 were anti-COX-2 Ab positive, indicating an excellent sensitivity in this group. aCOX-2 Ab positive IAA patients also presented lower platelet counts. Our results suggest that aCOX-2 Ab defines a distinct subgroup of IAA and may serve as a valuable disease biomarker.
Local Failure Events in Prostate Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy: A Pooled Analysis of 18 Randomized Trials from the Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials in Cancer of the Prostate Consortium (LEVIATHAN)
Authors: Ting Martin Ma, Fang-I Chu, Howard Sandler, Felix Y. Feng, Jason A. Efstathiou, Christopher U. Jones, Mack Roach, Seth A. Rosenthal, Thomas Pisansky, Jeff M. Michalski, Michel Bolla, Theo M. de Reijke, Philippe Maingon, Anouk Neven, James Denham, Allison Steigler, David Joseph, Abdenour Nabid, Luis Souhami, Nathalie Carrier, Luca Incrocci, Wilma Heemsbergen, Floris J. Pos, Matthew R. Sydes, David P. Dearnaley, Alison C. Tree, Isabel Syndikus, Emma Hall, Clare Cruickshank, Shawn Malone, Soumyajit Roy, Yilun Sun, Nicholas G. Zaorsky, Nicholas G. Nickols, Robert E. Reiter, Matthew B. Rettig, Michael L. Steinberg, Vishruth K. Reddy, Michael Xiang, Tahmineh Romero, Daniel E. Spratt, Amar U. Kishan
Journal: European Urology (2022)

The prognostic importance of local failure after definitive radiotherapy (RT) in National Comprehensive Cancer Network intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients remains unclear.
Author Correction: Increased circulation time of Plasmodium falciparum underlies persistent asymptomatic infection in the dry season
Authors: Carolina M. Andrade, Hannah Fleckenstein, Richard Thomson-Luque, Safiatou Doumbo, Nathalia F. Lima, Carrie Anderson, Julia Hibbert, Christine S. Hopp, Tuan M. Tran, Shanping Li, Moussa Niangaly, Hamidou Cisse, Didier Doumtabe, Jeff Skinner, Dan Sturdevant, Stacy Ricklefs, Kimmo Virtaneva, Muhammad Asghar, Manijeh Vafa Homann, Louise Turner, Joana Martins, Erik L. Allman, Marie-Esther N’Dri, Volker Winkler, Manuel Llinás, Catherine Lavazec, Craig Martens, Anna Färnert, Kassoum Kayentao, Aissata Ongoiba, Thomas Lavstsen, Nuno S. Osório, Thomas D. Otto, Mario Recker, Boubacar Traore, Peter D. Crompton, Silvia Portugal
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)