tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cannabis and the cardiovascular system.
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Medical treatment of open-angle glaucomaIn the last decade much attention has been focused on finding the ideal drug for open-angle glaucoma.What we need is a non-toxic substance that will effectively lower the intraocular pressure over a long period without producing side effects.Pilocarpine is a most effective drug, but it is inconvenient for patients because it causes miosis and alters accommodation.Some patients are affected more than others, especially the younger ones with myopia and those with central lens opacities.Is there a satisfactory non-miotic drug?Adrenaline is the obvious answer, and it has been a useful drug for glaucoma for many years.But it has a limited effect, and unfortunately, used alone, its action is seldom sufficient to bring the glaucoma under control.'Other catecholamines have been tried.Isoprenaline was effective, but it produced a tachycardia even when used topically and had to be abandoned.2Salbutamol was equally effective but caused extreme hyperaemia and discomfort and could not be tolerated.3Noradrenaline is less potent than adrenaline,4 which remains the best compromise in this group of drugs.The next approach was to attempt to potentiate the action of adrenaline.Among the agents tried in various countries were 6-hydroxydopamine, protriptyline,5 and guanethidine.The combination of guanethidine with adrenaline provides a useful alternative to pilocarpine for patients with open-angle glaucoma.6The solution is instilled only twice a day and has little effect on vision.About a third of the patients using this regimen suffer from hyperaemia, which may occasionally mean withdrawing the treatment, but most prefer a slightly red eye to the visual disturbances caused by pilocarpine.Tachyphylaxis develops only rarely, and many patients have been using this combination for over five years.The discovery that the adrenergic beta-blocking agents reduced intraocular pressure-with either systemic or topical administration-raised great hopes.Propranolol was the first compound investigated, and the early studies showed that when given by mouth it lowered intraocular pressure.7Unfortunately the solution for topical application was unsuit- able: it acted as a local anaesthetic and was also extremely irritant.
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Authors: Gary Gilliland, Janet Rowley
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

was awarded the Henry M. Stratton Medal, which honors an individual whose contributions to hematology are well recognized and have taken place over a period of several years.In 1972, Rowley discovered a chromosomal translocation in acute myelogenous leukemia.Discoveries of chromosomal translocations in other types of leukemia followed,
Phenotypic Characterization in Mice of Thymus Target Cells Susceptible to Productive Infection by the Radiation Leukemia Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J. Boniver, A. Declève, C. Honsik, M. Lieberman, H. S. Kaplan
 6
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

The spread of virus replication was studied by electron microscopy in the thymuses of inbred C57BL/Ka mice after intrathymic inoculation of the radiation leukemia virus (RadLV). The first type C-budding virus particles appeared in scarce blast cells of the subcapsular zone. Most of these blast cells were “X-cells,” i.e., the thymus lymphoid cells most actively engaged in DNA synthesis. Virus replication spread to the entire cortical blast cell population and, from day 7 on, to the small cortical lymphocytes. The first virus-producing cells were derived from a very few target cells (≈0.001–0.003% of thymocytes) susceptible to RadLV infection. For determination of the phenotypes of these target cells, various thymocyte subpopulations obtained through a battery of cell separation methods were tested for their ability to support the replication of RadLV/VL3 virus in short-term culture. Most of these target cells were sensitive to the lytic effect of hydrocortisone and migrated in the fastest fraction of a 1×g sedimentation gradient, together with the majority of [3H]thymidine-incorporating blast cells. They exhibited an intermediate density and expressed H-2 and Thy 1.2 cell surface antigens, although they were not found preferentially among the high Thy 1.2 population to which most of the cortical blast cells belonged. The spread of RadLV within the thymus and the surface phenotype characteristics of target cells indicate that these cells correspond to a thymocyte subset at the earliest stage of thymic lymphopoiesis and may be transitional between the prothymocytes and the subcapsular blast cell population.
Молекулярні особливості розвитку запалення слизової оболонки шлунка у дітей із хелікобактерною інфекцією, асоційованою з CagA(+)-штамами Н.pylori
Authors: O.Ye. Abaturov, O.M. Gerasymenko
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2014)

Мета. Оцінити роль NF-κB та факторів рекогніції вродженого імунітету (TLR4, sCD14) в розвитку запалення слизової оболонки шлунка (СОШ) у дітей, хворих на хронічні гастродуоденальні захворювання, залежно від наявності CagA(+)- та CagA(–)-штамів Н.pylori.Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 66 дітей віком 7–17 років із хронічною гастродуоденальною патологією в стадії загострення. Рівень експресії гена TLR4 в біоптаті СОШ у режимі реального часу визначали методом полімеразної ланцюгової реакції, рівень експресії NF-κB+ СD40+-клітинами — з використанням моноклональних антитіл методом проточної цитофлуориметрії.Результати. Показано, що у дітей, інфікованих CagA(+)-штамами Н.pylori, при збереженні виражених клініко-ендоскопічних запальних змін СОШ відзначалося зниження активності експресії TLR4 в біоптаті СОШ та рівня експресії ядерного фактора NF-κB+ у лімфоцитах, на відміну від пацієнтів, інфікованих CagA(–)-штамами Н.pylori, і від дітей, захворювання яких не було пов’язане з інфікуванням Н.pylori (Pu &lt; 0,05). Доведено, що у пацієнтів із позитивним Н.pylori-статусом, інфікованих CagA(+)-штамами Н.pylori, реєструвались вищі рівні концентрації sCD14, ніж у дітей із негативним Н.pylori-статусом та інфікованих CagA(–)-штамами Н.pylori (Pu &lt; 0,05).
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Attenuated strains of measles virus are currently assessed in phase I clinical trials as oncolytic viruses able to preferentially infect and kill tumor cells. In addition to the lysis of tumor cells, measles virus vaccine may activate antitumor immune response. To study this phenomenon, Guillerme and colleagues exposed plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), a subset of DC specialized in antiviral immunity, to measles virus vaccine–infected or UV-irradiated tumor cells. Their findings show that only measles virus vaccine–infected cells were able to activate IFN-α production and tumor antigen cross-presentation by pDC. Thus, measles virus vaccine used as an oncolytic virus may recruit pDC in the antitumor immune response.The anticancer activity of green tea catechins has been reported in many laboratory studies and in clinical trials, but the mechanism of action is still unclear. Santilli and colleagues investigated the effect of a clinical grade catechin mixture called Polyphenon E in mouse models of neuroblastoma, a deadly childhood cancer affecting the nervous system. Surprisingly, the differentiation of immunosuppressive myeloid cells and reactivation of the immune system was a key element in the anticancer effect of the catechins. Thus, the nontoxic drug Polyphenon E shows promise as a new therapeutic tool to boost immunologic therapies in children with neuroblastoma.Shin and colleagues examined the underlying molecular mechanism and chemopreventive efficacy of a novel combination of an EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with a COX-2 inhibitor, a combination that is being tested in a clinical trial. Preclinical studies confirmed that the combined treatment inhibited growth of head and neck cancer cells with significantly greater potency than either agent alone. Analysis of tissue samples from clinical trial participants consistently showed downregulation of multiple signaling molecules after treatment, which was correlated with clinical response. This investigation of both preclinical studies and the biomarker-driven clinical trial serves as proof-of-principle to justify future chemoprevention trials that target multiple signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis.Cancer vaccines can be very effective for treating patients, but clinical responses vary widely from one patient to another. Strategies to target treatment to likely responders could significantly improve clinical efficacy, minimize unnecessary side effects, and reduce health care costs. Using a glycan microarray to profile serum antiglycan antibodies, Campbell and colleagues show that prevaccination antibody levels to the blood group A trisaccharide (BG-Atri) are correlated with survival of prostate cancer patients treated with PROSTVAC-VF. Measurement of serum anti-BG-Atri levels prior to vaccination could provide a simple method for preselecting patients who are likely to benefit from PROSTVAC-VF therapy. Additionally, these studies highlight the potential of serum antiglycan antibodies as a convenient reservoir of biomarkers that warrants further investigation.
Incidence of Pulmonary Metastases for Various Neoplasms in BALB/cStCrlfC3H/Nctr Female Mice Fed &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-2-Fluorenylacetamide&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Charles H. Frith
 5, Nell A. Littlefield, Robert Umholtz, Daniela Modena
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Incidence of pulmonary metastases for a variety of neoplasms was studied in many inbred BALB/cStCrlfC3H/Nctr female mice fed 2-fluorenylacetamide. Bladder carcinomas and hepatocellular carcinomas appeared to be the only neoplasms that were dose related. Hepatocellular carcinomas metastasized to the lungs at an incidence of 4.8%, and bladder carcinomas metastisized at an incidence of 0.28%. Osteogenic sarcomas metastasized to the lungs at an incidence of 46.2%; renal adenocarcinomas, at 20%; fibrosarcomas, at 16.7%; mammary adenocarcinomas, at 9.8%; and myoepitheliomas, at 10.5%. Other malignant neoplasms, including leiomyosarcomas, granulosa cell tumors, adrenocortical carcinomas, angiosarcomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and harderian gland tumors, metastasized at an incidence of less than 5%.
Preoperative Radiotherapy in Cancer
Authors: James J. Nickson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Despite major technological improvements, the goal, the "cure" or control of most cancers, has not been achieved. Some primary neoplasms have a good probability of cure following surgical extirpation and others after irradiation. Approximately 300,000 cancers will be diagnosed this year in the United States. Of these, no more than one third will arise in regions of the body where treatment for cure is a realistic hope, defining this as 40% survival for five years. In the past, definitive therapy has involved either surgery or radiation. Relatively little attempt has been made to combine them deliberately for cure. Planned combinations of radiotherapy and surgery need reevaluation, since they may offer significant improvement of survival. By this is meant a planned combined procedure which requires that a predetermined dose of radiation is followed after a stated interval by a definitive surgical procedure. The reports in the literature have been organized for
Zafirlukast and Churg-Strauss Syndrome
Authors: Robert S. Katz
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical Work on the Knights Hospitallers of Saint John of Jerusalem
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diagnostic Evaluation of Headache
Authors: Eric B. Larson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

One hundred sixty-one highly selected patients with headache were studied to assess the impact of computerized tomography (CT) on diagnostic evaluation and to determine cost-effectiveness of neurodiagnostic evaluation of headache. Fewer nuclide brain scans were performed after availability of CT, but diagnostic charges stayed about the same. A careful history and physical and neurological examinations were adequate screens to detect intracranial mass lesions or systemic disease associated with headache. In patients with normal findings from neurological examination, no clinically important abnormalities were detected by CT, skull roentgenogram, angiography, or nuclide brain scan. The cost of finding a case of brain tumor was estimated to be at least $1,265 for patients with abnormalities on neurological examination and $11,901 for patients with normal findings on neurological examination. Neurodiagnostic evaluation of headache patients with normal findings from neurological examination is expensive and was clinically unrewarding in this series. (<i>JAMA</i>243:359-362, 1980)
The Abdominal Surgery of Children.
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis effectively treated with recombinant interferon-γ: suppression of mRNA expression of interleukin 5 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: M. FUSHIMI, Y. TOKURA, Y. SACHI, H. HASHIZUME, H. SUDO, H. WAKITA, F. FURUKAWA, M. TAKIGAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Summary Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF) is characterized clinically by pruritic grouped follicular papules and pustules on the trunk, limbs, and face, and. Histologically by follicular infiltration with eoslnophils. The blood eosinophil count is elevated in most patients. Oral minocycline. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, diamino diphenyl sulphone and corticosteroids may induce remission. We report two Japanese men with EPF who responded poorly to the usual therapy. Intravenous injections of recombinant interferon-γ (riFN-γ). 5 × 105 to 2 × 106 Japan Reference Unit (JRU) (1 JRU roughly corresponds to 4 NIH units) daily for 7 days, cleared the skin lesions and returned the peripheral eosinophil counts to normal in both patients. However, the lesions recurred 2–3 days after rIFN-γ was stopped. Both patients have received intravenous rIFN-γ once or twice a week for nearly 1 year without systemic side-effects. Reverse transcripta sepolymerase chain reaction revealed a decreased expression of interleukin 5 (IL-S) mRNA in peripheral mononuclear cells after the rIFN-γ therapy. rIFN-γ may become the treatment of choice in recalcitrant EPF, although further studies are needed. It may work by interfering with the immunological function of type 2 T-helper cells, including IL-5 production responsible for the growth and differentiation of eosinophils.
Activity of Free and Carrier-Bound Methotrexate Against Transport-Deficient and High Dihydrofolate Dehydrogenase-Containing Methotrexate-Resistant L1210 Cells<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">2</xref>, <xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3">3</xref>
Authors: Barbara C. F. Chu, Chinan C. Fan, Stephen B. Howell
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

A difference in the mechanism of transmembrane transport was demonstrated for methotrexate (MTX) and MTX bound to the high molecular weight carrier bovine serum albumin (MTX-BSA) when the drug dose needed to reduce growth of cells to 50% of that of untreated cells (ID50) was compared in the sensitive L1210 leukemia and 3 L1210 sublines resistant to MTX by virtue of either deficient MTX transport or high levels of dihydrofolate dehydrogenase (OHFO). The loss of transport increased the 1050 for inhibition of growth rate by free MTX tenfold to twentyfold, whereas the elevation of DHFD levels increased the ID50 by tenfold. In contrast, deficiency of transport resulted in only a twofold increase in the ID50 for MTX-BSA, and elevation of DHFD caused a tenfold increase similar to that for free MTX. This difference was confirmed in studies of inhibition of DHFD activity by free and BSA-bound MTX. MTX-BSA but not MTX had antitumor activity against the transport-deficient L 1210 line in (C57BL/6 × DBA/2)F1. These studies confirm a separate mode of cell entry for MTX-BSA and suggest a role for these complexes in overcoming resistance.
Clinical Practice in Infectious Diseases for Students, Practitioners and Medical Officers
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prophylaxis after occupational exposure to HIV
Authors: V Harindra, J. Tobin, J R Willcox, B. Evans, D. Goldberg, N Mir, P. P Walker, M. T Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Follow up may have to be for longer than six monthsEditor-Easterbrook and Ippolito recommend that staff who have been exposed to HIV should be followed up for at least six months after receiving post-exposure prophylaxis. 1 Ridzon et al recently reported on a nurse who declined post-exposure prophylaxis after a needlestick injury but subsequently seroconverted after an interval of between eight and nine and a half months. 2 The general implications of this with regard to testing for HIV antibody are far reaching, but seroconversion would probably be delayed if post-exposure prophylaxis was not successful.Thus people given post-exposure prophylaxis should probably be followed up for much longer than the authors recommend and, in addition, advised about practising safe sex throughout this time.Presumably healthcare workers who have been occupationally exposed should also consider avoiding exposure prone procedures.
Demographic Aspects of the Low-Yield Cigarette: Considerations in the Evaluation of Health Risk&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Ernst L. Wynder, M.D., Marc T. Goodman, M.P.H., Dietrich Hoffmann, Ph.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Control data from a large-scale case-control study of tobacco-related diseases were analyzed to characterize variables associated with cigarette preference (or type of cigarette smoked). Age, sex, race, education, and religion were found to have a strong influence on the choice of cigarette according to tar and nicotine yield. Data on the amount and duration of cigarette smoking also were evaluated by brand history to determine whether tar yield was associated with these variables. Women smoking cigarettes in the low-tar categories tended to smoke fewer cigarettes per day than women smoking cigarettes in the higher tar categories. A similar trend was not found for men. As might be expected, only 2% of the men and 3% of the women over the age of 40 smoked low-tar cigarettes (<10 mg tar) for 10 years or more.