tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate FNAC According to the Italian Classification System: Prevalence, Rate of Operation, and Impact on Risk of Malignancy. An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Pierpaolo Trimboli, Giulia Ferrarazzo, Carlo Cappelli, Arnoldo Piccardo, Marco Castellana, Jessica Barizzi
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2022)

Abstract A thyroid nodule classified as indeterminate on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), hereafter referred to as an indeterminate thyroid nodule (ITN), represents a clinical dilemma. The Italian Consensus for the Classification and Reporting of Thyroid Cytology (ICCRTC) divides ITNs into low- and high-risk categories (i.e., TIR3A and TIR3B, respectively) to better manage patients. This study aimed to achieve high-evidence estimates of the prevalence, rate of operation, and risk of malignancy of ITNs, including TIR3A and TIR3B ITNs. This systematic review was conducted according to MOOSE to retrieve all original studies citing ICCRTC. The last search was performed in February 2022. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed. Separate proportion meta-analyses were performed with a random-effect model using OpenMeta[Analyst]. The online search processed 271 studies, and 33 were finally considered. First, the cancer prevalence among ITNs was 32.4%. Second, the cancer prevalence among TIR3As was 12.4%, with heterogeneity (I 2 90%) explained by a linear correlation between sample size and cancer rate ( p = 0.009). Third, the cancer prevalence among TIR3Bs was 44.4%, with heterogeneity ( I 2 75%) explained by the inverse correlation between sample size and cancer rate ( p = 0.031). Fourth, the prevalence of ITNs, TIR3A, and TIR3B among FNACs was 29.6%, 12.6%, and 12.9%, respectively, with sample size and TIR3B prevalence being inversely correlated ( p = 0.04). Fifth, the operation rates of ITNs, TIR3A, and TIR3B were 54.3%, 48.3%, and 75.2%, respectively, and the sample size and TIR3A operation rate were inversely correlated (p = 0.010). These data strongly support the division of ITNs into low- and high-risk subcategories. Importantly for clinical practice, the cancer rate among ITNs is significantly influenced by the study sample size.
Safety of First-Line Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Patients With Metastatic NSCLC: A Pooled Analysis of CheckMate 227, CheckMate 568, and CheckMate 817
Authors: Luis G. Paz-Ares, Tudor-Eliade Ciuleanu, Adam Pluzanski, Jong-Seok Lee, Justin F. Gainor, Gregory A. Otterson, Clarisse Audigier-Valette, Neal Ready, Michael Schenker, Helena Linardou, Reyes Bernabe Caro, Mariano Provencio, Bogdan Zurawski, Ki Hyeong Lee, Sang-We Kim, Claudia Caserta, Suresh S. Ramalingam, David R. Spigel, Julie R. Brahmer, Martin Reck, Kenneth J. O’Byrne, Nicolas Girard, Sanjay Popat, Solange Peters, Arteid Memaj, Faith Nathan, Nivedita Aanur, Hossein Borghaei
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2022)
Nutrients and amyloid β status in the brain: A narrative review
Authors: Gustavo Díaz, Laetitia Lengele, Sandrine Sourdet, Gaëlle Soriano, Philipe de Souto Barreto
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2022)

Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a peptide and a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Emerging evidence suggests that Aβ levels could be influenced by diet. However, the evidence is sparse and for some nutrients, controversial. The aim of this narrative review is to gather the findings of observational and clinical trials involving human participants on the relationships between nutrients and brain Aβ status. Some dietary patterns are associated to reduced levels of Aβ in the brain, such as the Mediterranean diet, ketogenic diet as well as low intake of saturated fat, high-glycemic-index food, sodium, and junk/fast food. Low Aβ status in the brain was also associated with higher density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol and polyunsaturated fatty acids consumption. Data on alcohol intake is not conclusive. On the contrary, high Aβ levels in the brain were related to a higher intake of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol, saturated fat, sucrose, and fructose. Folic acid, cobalamin, vitamin E, and vitamin D were not associated to Aβ status, while high blood concentrations of Calcium, Aluminum, Zinc, Copper, and Manganese were associated with decreased Aβ blood levels but were not associated with Aβ cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) concentrations. In conclusion, certain dietary patterns and nutrients are associated to brain Aβ status. Further research on the association between nutrients and brain Aβ status is needed in order to pave the way to use nutritional interventions as efficacious strategies to prevent Aβ disturbance and potentially AD.
Assessment of Updated Commission on Cancer Guidelines for Intraoperative Lymph Node Sampling in Early Stage NSCLC
Authors: Brendan T. Heiden, Daniel B. Eaton, Su-Hsin Chang, Yan Yan, Martin W. Schoen, Mayank R. Patel, Daniel Kreisel, Ruben G. Nava, Bryan F. Meyers, Benjamin D. Kozower, Varun Puri
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2022)
Good Publication Practice (GPP) Guidelines for Company-Sponsored Biomedical Research: 2022 Update
Authors: Lisa M. DeTora, Dikran Toroser, Angela Sykes, Christine Vanderlinden, Fiona J. Plunkett, Trevor Lane, Eline Hanekamp, Laura Dormer, Faith DiBiasi, Dan Bridges, Lise Baltzer, Leslie Citrome
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

These updated Good Publication Practice (GPP) guidelines include recommendations for publishing company-sponsored biomedical research. The GPP guidelines apply to peer-reviewed or peer-oriented biomedical publications, such as manuscripts, meeting presentations, posters, and abstracts, as well as enhanced content, such as plain-language summaries. The current GPP guidelines incorporate guidance on ethics and transparency as well as the planning, development, review, and approval of biomedical publications and policies and procedures that describe these practices. Supplemental materials lay out processes for steering committees, publication plans, publication working groups, determining authorship, and documentation. Information about new topics, such as alliances and working with patients, has been included where appropriate within these supplemental materials. Incorporating the principles and best practices presented in these GPP guidelines will result in increased transparency and a firm ethical footing. This guidance is also intended to enable the compliant incorporation of new and emerging publication tools for the ethical publication of company-sponsored research.
Effectiveness of Standard vs Enhanced Self-measurement of Blood Pressure Paired With a Connected Smartphone Application
Authors: Mark J. Pletcher, Valy Fontil, Madelaine Faulkner Modrow, Thomas Carton, Alanna M. Chamberlain, Jonathan Todd, Emily C. O’Brien, Amy Sheer, Eric Vittinghoff, Soo Park, Jaime Orozco, Feng Lin, Carlos Maeztu, Gregory Wozniak, Michael Rakotz, Christina M. Shay, Rhonda M. Cooper-DeHoff
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Self-measured blood pressure (SMBP) with commercially available connected smartphone applications may help patients effectively use SMBP measurements.
The Present Status of Diagnostic Imaging of Postoperative Complications after Orthognatic Interventions (Literature Review)
Authors: E. Yu. Lazarenko, D. A. Lezhnev, A. Yu. Drobyshev
Journal: Radiology - Practice (2022)

This article presents a review of foreign literature on the methods of diagnostics imaging of postoperative complications in orthognathic surgery. After the analysis, it can be argued that high-tech methods, such as computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography have improved the possibilities of imaging diagnostics in obtaining clinically significant information about postoperative complications of the maxillofacial region. Nevertheless, it should be noted that foreign sources not cover such issues as: tomographic semiotics of postoperative complications in orthognatic surgery, the role and place of radiation technologies in the examination of patients with postoperative complications; don`t specified indications and contraindications for use of each methods.
Analysis of Quantitative Data of Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion of the Liver at Admission and Follow up of Patients with Viral Cirrhosis
Authors: T. G. Morozova, E. N. Simakina, T. D. Gel't
Journal: Radiology - Practice (2022)

The aim of this work is to analyze quantitative data of magnetic resonance ASL-perfusion of the liver at admission and follow up of patients with viral cirrhosis. The study included 34 patients with viral liver cirrhosis: 23 (67.6 %) men and 11 (32.4 %) women. All subjects underwent abdominal ultrasound with Dopplerography of the abdominal vessels, shear wave elastography, Arterial spin Labeling (ASL) — Perfusion of the liver by magnetic resonance imaging. Post-processing of ASL-perfusion images was carried out, their quantitative assessment in regenerative liver nodules and the parenchyma structure was carried out. It was found that for patients with liver cirrhosis according to Child-Pugh Class A, regardless of the degree of activity, the values of ASL-perfusion of the liver were 99.6 ± 1.8 ml/100g/min, with class B — 95.6 ± 4.9 ml/100g/min, with class C — 98.5 ± 2.6 ml/100g/min. To determine the diagnostic significance of liver ASL-perfusion, a generalized prognosis ratio ΔM = MNBF/ MHBF was calculated, where MNBF is a quantitative indicator of volumetric blood flow in the regenerative nodule, MHBF is a quantitative indicator of volumetric hepatic blood flow in the surrounding parenchyma. The results obtained by ASL-perfusion were compared with the data of shear wave elastography. For patients with viral liver cirrhosis the quantitative indicator of ASL-perfusion of the liver is less than 101.4 ml/100g/min. To predict the course of viral etiology cirrhosis, the prognosis ratio ΔM should be taken, and if ΔM &gt; 1, this indicates a poor prognosis (fibrosis progression), if ΔM ≤ 1 — a favorable one (no fibrosis progression). Diagnostic and prognostic significance of ASL-liver perfusion for patients with viral cirrhosis at admission to the hospital — AUROC = 0.865 (95 % CI 0.843–0.928) and follow up — AUROC = 0.915 (95 % CI 0.881–0.946).
Massive Splenic Infarction in a Child. Literature Review and Comparative Observations
Authors: E. B. Olkhova, N. A. Sholokhova, T. V. Mukaseeva, N. R. Shamratova, N. A. Savitskaya, O. V. Lukovkina
Journal: Radiology - Practice (2022)

Massive splenic infarction (SI) is an extremely rare disease in childhood, the genesis of which is not always clear. Most often in children, SI develops against the background of oncohematological (in particular, myeloid leukemia), hematological (sickle cell anemia) and infectious (malaria, mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus infection) diseases and is small in size. Two own observations are presented, unique in the absence of a clear cause of SI and the massiveness of the lesion. In the first case, a 10­year­old girl was admitted to the hospital on about the 10th day of illness with complaints of undefined abdominal pain, about which she had already twice applied to other hospitals in Moscow. SI was suspected on ultrasound and confirmed on CT, and then the echographic dynamics of SI was followed for more than 2 months. Against the background of anticoagulant, antibacterial and symptomatic therapy, recovery was achieved. In the second case, total SI was observed in a premature infant with severe multiple organ failure. The publication is extensively illustrated and contains a brief review of the literature.
L-2-Hydroxyglutarate Protects Against Cardiac Injury via Metabolic Remodeling
Authors: Huamei He, Ryan M. Mulhern, William M. Oldham, Wusheng Xiao, Yi-Dong Lin, Ronglih Liao, Joseph Loscalzo
Journal: Circulation Research (2022)

L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L2HG) couples mitochondrial and cytoplasmic energy metabolism to support cellular redox homeostasis. Under oxygen-limiting conditions, mammalian cells generate L2HG to counteract the adverse effects of reductive stress induced by hypoxia. Very little is known, however, about whether and how L2HG provides tissue protection from redox stress during low-flow ischemia (LFI) and ischemia-reperfusion injury. We examined the cardioprotective effects of L2HG accumulation against LFI and ischemia-reperfusion injury and its underlying mechanism using genetic mouse models.L2HG accumulation was induced by homozygous (L2HGDH [L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase]-/-) or heterozygous (L2HGDH+/-) deletion of the L2HGDH gene in mice. Hearts isolated from these mice and their wild-type littermates (L2HGDH+/+) were subjected to baseline perfusion and 90-minute LFI or 30-minute no-flow ischemia followed by 60- or 120-minute reperfusion. Using [13C]- and [31P]-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, reverse transcription quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, triphenyltetrazolium staining, colorimetric/fluorometric spectroscopy, and echocardiography, we found that L2HGDH deletion induces L2HG accumulation at baseline and under stress conditions with significant functional consequences. In response to LFI or ischemia-reperfusion, L2HG accumulation shifts glucose flux from glycolysis towards the pentose phosphate pathway. These key metabolic changes were accompanied by enhanced cellular reducing potential, increased elimination of reactive oxygen species, attenuated oxidative injury and myocardial infarction, preserved cellular energy state, and improved cardiac function in both L2HGDH-/- and L2HGDH+/- hearts compared with L2HGDH+/+ hearts under ischemic stress conditions.L2HGDH deletion-induced L2HG accumulation protects against myocardial injury during LFI and ischemia-reperfusion through a metabolic shift of glucose flux from glycolysis towards the pentose phosphate pathway. L2HG offers a novel mechanism for eliminating reactive oxygen species from myocardial tissue, mitigating redox stress, reducing myocardial infarct size, and preserving high-energy phosphates and cardiac function. Targeting L2HG levels through L2HGDH activity may serve as a new therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases related to oxidative injury.
Management of Infective Endocarditis in People Who Inject Drugs: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Larry M. Baddour, Melissa B. Weimer, Alysse G. Wurcel, Doff B. McElhinney, Laura R. Marks, Laura C. Fanucchi, Zerelda Esquer Garrigos, Gosta B. Pettersson, Daniel C. DeSimone
Journal: Circulation (2022)

The American Heart Association has sponsored both guidelines and scientific statements that address the diagnosis, management, and prevention of infective endocarditis. As a result of the unprecedented and increasing incidence of infective endocarditis cases among people who inject drugs, the American Heart Association sponsored this original scientific statement. It provides a more in-depth focus on the management of infective endocarditis among this unique population than what has been provided in prior American Heart Association infective endocarditis-related documents.A writing group was named and consisted of recognized experts in the fields of infectious diseases, cardiology, addiction medicine, and cardiovascular surgery in October 2021. A literature search was conducted in Embase on November 19, 2021, and multiple terms were used, with 1345 English-language articles identified after removal of duplicates.Management of infective endocarditis in people who inject drugs is complex and requires a unique approach in all aspects of care. Clinicians must appreciate that it requires involvement of a variety of specialists and that consultation by addiction-trained clinicians is as important as that of more traditional members of the endocarditis team to improve infective endocarditis outcomes. Preventive measures are critical in people who inject drugs and are cured of an initial bout of infective endocarditis because they remain at extremely high risk for subsequent bouts of infective endocarditis, regardless of whether injection drug use is continued.
Temporomandibular Joint Conditions in Patients with Craniofacial Microsomia (Literature Review)
Authors: N. I. Imshenetskaya, D. A. Lezhnev, O. Z. Topol’nitskiy
Journal: Radiology - Practice (2022)

Syndromes of I and II gill arches called maxillofacial dysostoses are accompanied by damage of temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Craniofacial microsomia is one of the of maxillofacial dysostoses. This syndrome has a number of features associated with clinical manifestations which should be taken into account at steps of the diagnosis and treatment of such patients. The degree of mandibular hypoplasia in this pathology can vary from 0 to 3, and it is inversely proportional to the integrity of the articular disc on the side of the lesion. An increased mechanical load on a healthy joint leads to its dysfunction and dislocation of the articular disc at the healthy side. In addition to hypoplasia of bone structures, craniofacial microsomia is accompanied by subatrophy of masticatory muscles and that in couple leads to malocclusion and myodynamic imbalance. Before drawing up a treatment plan it is necessary to study the state of the TMJ on both sides using multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The approach to treatment should be individual, combined, staged, based on the severity of the symptom complex.
Methods of Perforator Vessels Visualization in Perforator Flap Preoperative Planning (Literature Review)ive planning (Review article)
Authors: A. A. Trefilov, E. V. Kryukov, V. N. Troyan, S. V. Tereshchuk, V. A. Suharev, I. A. Aseeva, E. V. Gajdukova
Journal: Radiology - Practice (2022)

Preoperative detection of perforator vessels in the perforator flap planning is an actual problem in clinical practice. There are various methods to visualize the localization of perforator vessels. This review presents the main of these methods with a description of their capabilities, advantages and limitations, as well as describes the priorities for using one or another approach depending on the localization of the donor site.
Opportunities for improved clinical trial designs in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Katherine D Wick, Neil R Aggarwal, Martha A Q Curley, Alpha A Fowler, Samir Jaber, Maciej Kostrubiec, Nathalie Lassau, Pierre François Laterre, Guillaume Lebreton, Joseph E Levitt, Alexandre Mebazaa, Eileen Rubin, Pratik Sinha, Lorraine B Ware, Michael A Matthay
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2022)
Clinical Validation of EndoPredict in Pre-Menopausal Women with ER-Positive, HER2-Negative Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Anastasia Constantinidou, Yiola Marcou, Michael S. Toss, Timothy Simmons, Ryan Bernhisel, Elisha Hughes, Braden Probst, Stephanie Meek, Eleni Kakouri, Georgios Georgiou, Ioanna Zouvani, Gabriella Savvidou, Vanessa Kuhl, Jennifer Doedt, Susanne Wagner, Alexander Gutin, Thomas P. Slavin, Jerry S. Lanchbury, Ralf Kronenwett, Ian O. Ellis, Emad A. Rakha
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Purpose: The EndoPredict prognostic assay is validated to predict distant recurrence and response to chemotherapy primarily in post-menopausal women with estrogen receptor–positive (ER+), HER2− breast cancer. This study evaluated the performance of EndoPredict in pre-menopausal women. Experimental Design: Tumor samples from 385 pre-menopausal women with ER+, HER2− primary breast cancer (pT1-3, pN0-1) who did not receive chemotherapy in addition to endocrine therapy were tested with EndoPredict to produce a 12-gene EP molecular score and an integrated EPclin score that includes pathologic tumor size and nodal status. Associations of molecular and EPclin scores with 10-year distant recurrence–free survival (DRFS) were evaluated by Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results: After a median follow-up of 9.7 years, both the EP molecular score and the molecular-clinicopathologic EPclin score were associated with increased risk of distant recurrence [HR, 1.33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18–1.50; P = 7.2 × 10–6; HR, 3.58; 95% CI, 2.26–5.66; P = 9.8 × 10–8, respectively]. Both scores remained significant after adjusting for clinical factors in multivariate analysis. Patients with low-risk EPclin scores (64.7%) had significantly improved DRFS compared with high-risk patients (HR, 4.61; 95% CI, 1.40–15.17; P = 4.2 × 10–3). At 10 years, patients with low-risk and high-risk EPclin scores had a DRFS of 97% (95% CI, 93%–99%) and 76% (95% CI, 67%–82%), respectively. Conclusions: The EPclin score is strongly associated with DRFS in pre-menopausal women who received adjuvant endocrine therapy alone. On the basis of these data, pre-menopausal women with EPclin low-risk breast cancer may be treated with endocrine therapy only and safely forgo adjuvant chemotherapy.
Treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes in the era of precision medicine and immunomodulatory drugs: a focus on higher-risk disease
Authors: Razan Mohty, Rama Al Hamed, Ali Bazarbachi, Eolia Brissot, Arnon Nagler, Amer Zeidan, Mohamad Mohty
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2022)

Abstract Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous clonal disease of myeloid neoplasms characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, variable degree of cytopenias, and an increased risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Molecular and genetic characterization of MDS has led to a better understanding of the disease pathophysiology and is leading to the development of novel therapies. Targeted and immune therapies have shown promising results in different hematologic malignancies. However, their potential use in MDS is yet to be fully defined. Here, we review the most recent advances in therapeutic approaches in MDS, focusing on higher-risk disease. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is beyond the scope of this article.
PDGFRβ promotes oncogenic progression via STAT3/STAT5 hyperactivation in anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: I. Garces de los Fayos Alonso, L. Zujo, I. Wiest, P. Kodajova, G. Timelthaler, S. Edtmayer, M. Zrimšek, S. Kollmann, C. Giordano, M. Kothmayer, H. A. Neubauer, S. Dey, M. Schlederer, B. S. Schmalzbauer, T. Limberger, C. Probst, O. Pusch, S. Högler, S. Tangermann, O. Merkel, A. I. Schiefer, C. Kornauth, N. Prutsch, M. Zimmerman, B. Abraham, J. Anagnostopoulos, L. Quintanilla-Martinez, S. Mathas, P. Wolf, D. Stoiber, P. B. Staber, G. Egger, W. Klapper, W. Woessmann, T. A. Look, P. Gunning, S. D. Turner, R. Moriggl, S. Lagger, L. Kenner
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2022)

Abstract Background Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin T cell lymphoma commonly driven by NPM-ALK. AP-1 transcription factors, cJUN and JUNb, act as downstream effectors of NPM-ALK and transcriptionally regulate PDGFRβ. Blocking PDGFRβ kinase activity with imatinib effectively reduces tumor burden and prolongs survival, although the downstream molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Methods and results In a transgenic mouse model that mimics PDGFRβ-driven human ALCL in vivo, we identify PDGFRβ as a driver of aggressive tumor growth. Mechanistically, PDGFRβ induces the pro-survival factor Bcl-x L and the growth-enhancing cytokine IL-10 via STAT5 activation. CRISPR/Cas9 deletion of both STAT5 gene products, STAT5A and STAT5B, results in the significant impairment of cell viability compared to deletion of STAT5A, STAT5B or STAT3 alone. Moreover, combined blockade of STAT3/5 activity with a selective SH2 domain inhibitor, AC-4-130, effectively obstructs tumor development in vivo. Conclusions We therefore propose PDGFRβ as a novel biomarker and introduce PDGFRβ-STAT3/5 signaling as an important axis in aggressive ALCL. Furthermore, we suggest that inhibition of PDGFRβ or STAT3/5 improve existing therapies for both previously untreated and relapsed/refractory ALK + ALCL patients.