tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On Modern Methods of Treating Fractures, Including the Jacksonian Prize Essay on Bone Grafting.
Authors: Ernest W. Hey Groves
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An outbreak of Shigella dysenteriae in Sweden, May–June 2009, with sugar snaps as the suspected source
Authors: M Löfdahl, S Ivarsson, S Andersson, J Långmark, L Plym-Forshell
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

We report an outbreak of Shigella dysenteriae type 2 infections during May- June 2009 in Sweden, involving 47 suspected cases of whom 35 were laboratory-confirmed. The epidemiological investigation based on interviews with the patients pointed at sugar snaps from Kenya as the source. Shigella was not detected in samples of sugar snaps. However, Escherichia coli was confirmed in three of four samples indicating contamination by faecal material. During April to May 2009 outbreaks with Shigella connected to sugar snaps from Kenya were reported from Norway and Denmark. In the three countries trace back of the indicated sugar snaps revealed a complex system with several involved import companies and distributers. In Sweden one wholesale company was identified and connections were seen to the Danish trace back. These three outbreaks question whether the existing international certification and quality standards that are in place to prevent products from contamination by faecal pathogens are strict enough.
Tumors of the Cardiovascular System.
Authors: Hugh A. McAllister, John J. Fenoglio
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Book reviews 99 grafts.There is a section on experimental work on the treatment of aplastic anaemia by ALG and a section on clinical bone marrow transplantation.This covers histocompatibility testing and the H-Y immunity phenomenon.The clinical results of marrow grafting for aplasia, leukaemia, and immune deficiency are reported from Seattle, UCLA, and Paris, but they are already out of date.The final section of the book is a mixed bag called 'Advances in Experimental Haematology' covering a variety of topics including preservation of dog granulocytes and diffusion chamber cul- tures.All in all this is a specialised book providing suitable reading for the growing number of experimental haematologists concerned with investigating new approaches to understanding and treating leukaemia, aplastic anaemia, and immune deficiencies.It is a good memento of the conference but, like all proceedings, its useful life must be measured in months not years.It is not for the uninitiated who would do better to wait for a definitive review on the last decade of experimental haematological research.
Abstract 5448: Regulatory T Cells Control Post-Ischemic Neovascularization
Authors: Yasmine Zouggari, Hafid Ait-Oufella, Ludovic Waeckel, José Vilar, Céline Loinard, Clément Cochain, Alice Recalde, Micheline Duriez, Bernard Levy, Esther Lutgens, Ziad Mallat, Jean-Sebastien Silvestre
Journal: Circulation (2008)

CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes are key regulators of post-ischemic neovascularization. T cell activation is promoted by two major costimulatory signalings: the CD28/B7 and the CD40ligand-CD40 pathways. Interestingly, CD28 interactions with the structurally related ligands B7–1 and B7–2 are also required for the generation and homeostasis of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg), which play a critical role in the suppression of immune responses and the control of T-cell homeostasis. We hypothesized that Treg cell activation may modulate the immuno-inflammatory response to ischemic injury, leading to alteration of post-ischemic vessel growth. Ischemia was induced by right femoral artery ligation in CD28-, B7–1/2- or CD40-deficient mice (n=10 per group). CD40 deficiency did not affect Treg levels and led to significant reduction in post-ischemic inflammatory response and vessel growth. In contrast, at day 21 after ischemia, angiographic score, foot perfusion, and capillary density were increased by 2.0-, 1.2-, and 1.8-fold respectively in CD28-deficient mice, which show profound reduction in Treg, compared to controls. Similarly, disruption of B7–1/2 signaling and subsequent Treg deletion significantly enhanced post-ischemic neovascularization. These effects were associated with enhanced accumulation of CD3-positive T cells and Mac-3 positive macrophages in the ischemic leg of CD28−/− or B7−/− mice compared with controls. Proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6, were also upregulated and antiinflammatory mediators, IL-10 and TGF-β1 downregulated in the ischemic legs of CD28−/− or B7−/− mice. Finally, treatment of CD28−/− mice with the nonmitogenic anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody enhanced expression of the regulatory T-cell marker Foxp3 in blood and ischemic tissue of CD28−/− mice, led to reduction in post-ischemic inflammatory response and neovascularization in CD28-deficient mice. In conclusion, endogenous Treg cell response controls post-ischemic neovascularization.
Abstract 10777: Three-Dimensional Global Longitudinal Strain Analysis of Left Ventricle by Real-time 3-D Speckle Tracking Imaging in Pediatric Population: Feasibility, Reproducibility, Maturational Changes, and Normal Ranges
Authors: Li Zhang, Jun Gao, Mingxing Xie, Ping Yin, Wenhua Liu, Ying Li, Berthold Klas, Rula Balluz, Shuping Ge
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Doppler and 2-D strain provide less load-dependent and sensitive measures of global and regional left ventricular (LV) function; but these measures are highly dependent on the sampling ...
Time 2EVOLVE: predicting efficacy of engineered T-cells – how far is the bench from the bedside?
Authors: Sonia Guedan, Maik Luu, Delphine Ammar, Paula Barbao, Chiara Bonini, Philippe Bousso, Christian J Buchholz, Monica Casucci, Biagio De Angelis, Emmanuel Donnadieu, David Espie, Beatrice Greco, Richard Groen, Johannes B Huppa, Chahrazade Kantari-Mimoun, Bruno Laugel, Mary Mantock, Janet L Markman, Emma Morris, Concetta Quintarelli, Michael Rade, Kristin Reiche, Alba Rodriguez-Garcia, Juan Roberto Rodriguez-Madoz, Eliana Ruggiero, Maria Themeli, Michael Hudecek, Ibtissam Marchiq
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Immunotherapy with gene engineered CAR and TCR transgenic T-cells is a transformative treatment in cancer medicine. There is a rich pipeline with target antigens and sophisticated technologies that will enable establishing this novel treatment not only in rare hematological malignancies, but also in common solid tumors. The T2EVOLVE consortium is a public private partnership directed at accelerating the preclinical development of and increasing access to engineered T-cell immunotherapies for cancer patients. A key ambition in T2EVOLVE is to assess the currently available preclinical models for evaluating safety and efficacy of engineered T cell therapy and developing new models and test parameters with higher predictive value for clinical safety and efficacy in order to improve and accelerate the selection of lead T-cell products for clinical translation. Here, we review existing and emerging preclinical models that permit assessing CAR and TCR signaling and antigen binding, the access and function of engineered T-cells to primary and metastatic tumor ligands, as well as the impact of endogenous factors such as the host immune system and microbiome. Collectively, this review article presents a perspective on an accelerated translational development path that is based on innovative standardized preclinical test systems for CAR and TCR transgenic T-cell products.
Antigen mimicry as an effective strategy to induce CSPG4-targeted immunity in dogs with oral melanoma: a veterinary trial
Authors: Federica Riccardo, Lidia Tarone, Mariateresa Camerino, Davide Giacobino, Selina Iussich, Giuseppina Barutello, Maddalena Arigoni, Laura Conti, Elisabetta Bolli, Elena Quaglino, Irene Fiore Merighi, Emanuela Morello, Alfredo Dentini, Soldano Ferrone, Paolo Buracco, Federica Cavallo
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Background Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer in humans. Conventional therapies have limited efficacy, and overall response is still unsatisfactory considering that immune checkpoint inhibitors induce lasting clinical responses only in a low percentage of patients. This has prompted us to develop a vaccination strategy employing the tumor antigen chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG)4 as a target. Methods To overcome the host’s unresponsiveness to the self-antigen CSPG4, we have taken advantage of the conservation of CSPG4 sequence through phylogenetic evolution, so we have used a vaccine, based on a chimeric DNA molecule encompassing both human (Hu) and dog (Do) portions of CSPG4 (HuDo-CSPG4). We have tested its safety and immunogenicity (primary objectives), along with its therapeutic efficacy (secondary outcome), in a prospective, non-randomized, veterinary clinical trial enrolling 80 client-owned dogs with surgically resected, CSPG4-positive, stage II–IV oral melanoma. Results Vaccinated dogs developed anti-Do-CSPG4 and Hu-CSPG4 immune response. Interestingly, the antibody titer in vaccinated dogs was significantly associated with the overall survival. Our data suggest that there may be a contribution of the HuDo-CSPG4 vaccination to the improvement of survival of vaccinated dogs as compared with controls treated with conventional therapies alone. Conclusions HuDo-CSPG4 adjuvant vaccination was safe and immunogenic in dogs with oral melanoma, with potential beneficial effects on the course of the disease. Thanks to the power of naturally occurring canine tumors as predictive models for cancer immunotherapy response, these data may represent a basis for the translation of this approach to the treatment of human patients with CSPG4-positive melanoma subtypes.
Immunosuppressive cells in cancer: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Yan Tie, Fan Tang, Yu-quan Wei, Xia-wei Wei
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2022)

Abstract Immunotherapies like the adoptive transfer of gene-engineered T cells and immune checkpoint inhibitors are novel therapeutic modalities for advanced cancers. However, some patients are refractory or resistant to these therapies, and the mechanisms underlying tumor immune resistance have not been fully elucidated. Immunosuppressive cells such as myeloid-derived suppressive cells, tumor-associated macrophages, tumor-associated neutrophils, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and tumor-associated dendritic cells are critical factors correlated with immune resistance. In addition, cytokines and factors secreted by tumor cells or these immunosuppressive cells also mediate the tumor progression and immune escape of cancers. Thus, targeting these immunosuppressive cells and the related signals is the promising therapy to improve the efficacy of immunotherapies and reverse the immune resistance. However, even with certain success in preclinical studies or in some specific types of cancer, large perspectives are unknown for these immunosuppressive cells, and the related therapies have undesirable outcomes for clinical patients. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the phenotype, function, and potential therapeutic targets of these immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Magnesium Oxide/Poly(<scp>l</scp>‐lactide‐co‐<i>ε</i>‐caprolactone) Scaffolds Loaded with Neural Morphogens Promote Spinal Cord Repair through Targeting the Calcium Influx and Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Jile Xie, Jiaying Li, Jinjin Ma, Meimei Li, Xingran Wang, Xinya Fu, Yanxia Ma, Huilin Yang, Bin Li, None Saijilafu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Because of the limited regenerative ability of the central nervous system (CNS), effective treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI) are still lacking. After SCI, neuron loss and axon regeneration failure often result in irreversible functional impairment. The calcium overload induced by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) overactivation is critical for cell death in SCI. It has been reported that the magnesium ion (Mg
Reporting guideline for the early stage clinical evaluation of decision support systems driven by artificial intelligence: DECIDE-AI
Authors: Baptiste Vasey, Myura Nagendran, Bruce Campbell, David A Clifton, Gary S Collins, Spiros Denaxas, Alastair K Denniston, Livia Faes, Bart Geerts, Mudathir Ibrahim, Xiaoxuan Liu, Bilal A Mateen, Piyush Mathur, Melissa D McCradden, Lauren Morgan, Johan Ordish, Campbell Rogers, Suchi Saria, Daniel S W Ting, Peter Watkinson, Wim Weber, Peter Wheatstone, Peter McCulloch
Journal: BMJ (2022)

A growing number of artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinical decision support systems are showing promising performance in preclinical, in silico, evaluation, but few have yet demonstrated real benefit to patient care. Early stage clinical evaluation is important to assess an AI system’s actual clinical performance at small scale, ensure its safety, evaluate the human factors surrounding its use, and pave the way to further large scale trials. However, the reporting of these early studies remains inadequate. The present statement provides a multistakeholder, consensus-based reporting guideline for the Developmental and Exploratory Clinical Investigations of DEcision support systems driven by Artificial Intelligence (DECIDE-AI). We conducted a two round, modified Delphi process to collect and analyse expert opinion on the reporting of early clinical evaluation of AI systems. Experts were recruited from 20 predefined stakeholder categories. The final composition and wording of the guideline was determined at a virtual consensus meeting. The checklist and the Explanation &amp; Elaboration (E&amp;E) sections were refined based on feedback from a qualitative evaluation process. 123 experts participated in the first round of Delphi, 138 in the second, 16 in the consensus meeting, and 16 in the qualitative evaluation. The DECIDE-AI reporting guideline comprises 17 AI specific reporting items (made of 28 subitems) and 10 generic reporting items, with an E&amp;E paragraph provided for each. Through consultation and consensus with a range of stakeholders, we have developed a guideline comprising key items that should be reported in early stage clinical studies of AI-based decision support systems in healthcare. By providing an actionable checklist of minimal reporting items, the DECIDE-AI guideline will facilitate the appraisal of these studies and replicability of their findings.
Severity and Incidence of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children During 3 SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Waves in Israel
Authors: Nitai Levy, Jordanna H. Koppel, Or Kaplan, Hadas Yechiam, Keren Shahar-Nissan, Naama Kuchinski Cohen, Itai Shavit
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Characteristics and Outcomes of US Children and Adolescents With MIS-C Compared With Severe Acute COVID-19
Ethyl glucuronide in hair detects a high rate of harmful alcohol consumption in presumed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Katharina Staufer, Ursula Huber-Schönauer, Georg Strebinger, Philipp Pimingstorfer, Silke Suesse, Thomas-Matthias Scherzer, Bernhard Paulweber, Peter Ferenci, Thomas Stimpfl, Michel Yegles, Christian Datz, Michael Trauner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2022)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) cannot reliably be distinguished by routine diagnostics, and the role of alcohol consumption in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) remains unclear. We investigated alcohol consumption in patients with presumed NAFLD and ALD using novel objective alcohol markers.
Error in Nonauthor Collaborators
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Michael A. Puskarich, MD, MS; Nicholas E. Ingraham, MD; Lisa H. Merck, MD, MPH; Brian E. Driver, MD; David A. Wacker, MD, PhD; Lauren Page Black, MD, MPH; Alan E. Jones, MD; Courtney V. Fletcher, PharmD; Andrew M. South, MD, MS; Thomas A. Murray, PhD; Christopher Lewandowski, MD; Joseph Farhat, MD; Justin L. Benoit, MD, MS; Michelle H. Biros, MD, MS; Kartik Cherabuddi, MD; Jeffrey G. Chipman, MD; Timothy W. Schacker, MD; Faheem W. Guirgis, MD; Helen T. Voelker, BA; Joseph S. Koopmeiners, PhD; Christopher J. Tignanelli, MD, MS; Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Based Lung Protective Strategies for Inpatients With COVID-19 (ALPS-IP) Investigators; Andrew C Nelson; Alex Hall; David Wright; Ronald A Reilkoff; Tyler Bold; Kenneth Beckman; Ryan Langlois; Matthew T Aliota; James Galbriath; Margaret Beyer; Chas Salmen; Dana Byrne; Brian Roberts; Nastasia James
VP5-2022: Updated progression-free survival (PFS) and depth of response in IKEMA, a randomized phase III trial of isatuximab, carfilzomib and dexamethasone (Isa-Kd) vs Kd in relapsed multiple myeloma (MM)
Authors: P. Moreau, M.A.C. Dimopoulos, J. Mikhael, K. Yong, M. Capra, T. Facon, R. Hajek, I. Špička, F. Casca, S. Mace, E. Singh, M-L. Risse, T. Martin
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2022)
Piezo1: opening the way to preventing muscle atrophy
Authors: Ravi Jagasia, Kathryn R. Wagner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

The loss of skeletal muscle mass and size, or muscle atrophy, is a common human experience, linked to disability, for which there are no widely accepted pharmacological therapies. Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive cation channel that opens upon alteration of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer, such as through increased membrane tension. In this issue of the JCI, Hirata et al. identified Piezo1 and its downstream effectors, Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as an important signaling pathway in a murine model of disuse atrophy. Through genetic and pharmacological modulation of the pathway, the authors demonstrated that immobilization resulted in downregulation of Piezo1 and basal intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), increasing expression of Klf15 and its downstream target Il6 and thereby inducing muscle atrophy. Piezo1 has been considered a therapeutic target for diverse disorders, including atherosclerosis and kidney fibrosis, and with this publication should now also be considered a viable target for disuse atrophy.
The role of the mucin-glycan foraging <i>Ruminococcus gnavus</i> in the communication between the gut and the brain
Authors: Erika Coletto, Dimitrios Latousakis, Matthew G. Pontifex, Emmanuelle H. Crost, Laura Vaux, Estella Perez Santamarina, Andrew Goldson, Arlaine Brion, Mohammad K. Hajihosseini, David Vauzour, George M Savva, Nathalie Juge
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

Ruminococcus gnavus is a prevalent member of the human gut microbiota, which is over-represented in inflammatory bowel disease and neurological disorders. We previously showed that the ability of R. gnavus to forage on mucins is strain-dependent and associated with sialic acid metabolism. Here, we showed that mice monocolonized with R. gnavus ATCC 29149 (Rg-mice) display changes in major sialic acid derivatives in their cecum content, blood, and brain, which is accompanied by a significant decrease in the percentage of sialylated residues in intestinal mucins relative to germ-free (GF) mice. Changes in metabolites associated with brain function such as tryptamine, indolacetate, and trimethylamine N-oxide were also detected in the cecal content of Rg-mice when compared to GF mice. Next, we investigated the effect of R. gnavus monocolonization on hippocampus cell proliferation and behavior. We observed a significant decrease of PSA-NCAM immunoreactive granule cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of Rg-mice as compared to GF mice and recruitment of phagocytic microglia in the vicinity. Behavioral assessments suggested an improvement of the spatial working memory in Rg-mice but no change in other cognitive functions. These results were also supported by a significant upregulation of genes involved in proliferation and neuroplasticity. Collectively, these data provide first insights into how R. gnavus metabolites may influence brain regulation and function through modulation of granule cell development and synaptic plasticity in the adult hippocampus. This work has implications for further understanding the mechanisms underpinning the role of R. gnavus in neurological disorders.
Evaluation of Age Patterns of COVID-19 Mortality by Race and Ethnicity From March 2020 to October 2021 in the US
Authors: Irma T. Elo, Anneliese Luck, Andrew C. Stokes, Katherine Hempstead, Wubin Xie, Samuel H. Preston
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

owing to data quality issues.The rise in mortality rates among young adults underscores the value of increasing the lagging vaccination rate in this population.
Supramolecular Detoxification of Macromolecular Biotoxin through the Complexation by a Large‐Sized Macrocycle
Authors: Liang Zhao, Junyi Chen, Long Tian, Yahan Zhang, Longming Chen, Xinbei Du, Mengke Ma, Jian Li, Qingbin Meng, Chunju Li
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Abstract Biotoxins are diverse, complex, and hypertoxic, ultimately serving as grave and lasting menaces to humanity. Here, it is aimed to introduce a new detoxification methodology for macromolecular biotoxin through complexation by a very large macrocycle. A 25‐ mer peptide isolated from Lycosa erythrognatha spider venom (LyeTxI) is selected as the model macromolecular biotoxin. Quaterphen[4]arene, with a side length of ≈1.6 nm, has a sufficient cavity to bind LyeTxI. Hence, the water‐soluble derivative of Quaterphen[4]arene (H) is designed and synthesized. H exhibits an overall host–guest complexation toward LyeTxI, resulting in a considerably high association constant of (7.01 ± 0.18) × 10 7 m −1 . This encapsulation of peptide is interesting as traditional macrocycles can only engulf the amino acid residues of peptides due to their limited cavity size. In vitro assay verifies that complexation by H inhibits the interactions of LyeTxI with cell membranes, thereby reducing its cytotoxicity, suppressing hemolysis, and decreasing the release of lactate dehydrogenase. Notably, the intravenous administration of H has a significant therapeutic effect on LyeTxI‐poisoned mice, alleviating inflammation and tissue damage, and markedly improving the survival rate from 10% to 80%. An efficient and potentially versatile approach is provided to detoxify macromolecular biotoxins, with giant macrocycle serving as an antidote.