tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
African Caribbean Ethnicity Is an Independent Predictor of Significant Decline in Kidney Function in People With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Anastasios Mangelis, Nikolaos Fountoulakis, Antonella Corcillo, Julian Collins, Prashant Vas, Sufyan Hussain, David Hopkins, Luigi Gnudi, Stephen Thomas, Salma Ayis, Janaka Karalliedde
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to identify the demographic and clinical features in an urban cohort of people with type 1 diabetes who developed a ≥50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated 5,261 people with type 1 diabetes (51% female, 13.4% African Caribbean) with baseline eGFR &amp;gt;45 mL/min/1.73 m2 between 2004 and 2018. The primary end point was an eGFR decline of ≥50% from baseline with a final eGFR &amp;lt;30 mL/min/1.73 m2. eGFR was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. RESULTS Of the cohort, 263 (5%) reached the primary end point. These individuals were more likely to be of African Caribbean ethnicity, be older, have a longer duration of diabetes, have higher systolic blood pressure and HbA1c, have more prevalent retinopathy, and have higher albuminuria (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). In multivariable Cox regression models, African Caribbean ethnicity emerged as a significant risk factor for the primary end point (hazard ratio 1.57, 95% CI 1.19, 2.08) compared with other ethnicities and independent of established risk factors (P &amp;lt; 0.01). The incidence rate for the primary end point in African Caribbean people was double that in non–African Caribbean people (16 vs. 7.7 per 1000 patient-years, P &amp;lt; 0.001). A similar significant independent impact of African Caribbean ethnicity for secondary end points (≥40% and ≥30% fall in eGFR) was observed. CONCLUSIONS We report a novel observation that African Caribbean ethnicity increased the risk of kidney function loss in people with type 1 diabetes, an effect that was independent of traditional risk factors. Further studies are needed to examine the associated pathophysiology that may explain this observation.
Sex Differences in Physical Activity Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Across the Life Span: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mary O. Whipple, Ana J. Pinto, Layla A. Abushamat, Audrey Bergouignan, Kristina Chapman, Amy G. Huebschmann, Kevin S. Masters, Kristen J. Nadeau, Rebecca L. Scalzo, Irene E. Schauer, Deirdre Rafferty, Jane E.B. Reusch, Judith G. Regensteiner
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

Physical activity (PA) is a cornerstone of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. Sex differences in PA behavior or barriers/facilitators to PA among individuals with T2DM are unclear.
Engineering T cells to suppress acute GVHD and leukemia relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Feiyan Mo, Norihiro Watanabe, Kayleigh I. Omdahl, Phillip M. Burkhardt, Xiaoyun Ding, Eiko Hayase, Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Robert R. Jenq, Helen E. Heslop, Leslie S. Kean, Malcolm K. Brenner, Victor Tkachev, Maksim Mamonkin
Journal: Blood (2022)
Increased incidence of hematologic malignancies in SCD after HCT in adults with graft failure and mixed chimerism
Authors: Rialnat A. Lawal, Devdeep Mukherjee, Emily M. Limerick, Wynona Coles, Matthew M. Hsieh, Laura W. Dillon, Christopher S. Hourigan, Courtney D. Fitzhugh
Journal: Blood (2022)
Erratum to ‘Maternal BCG primes for enhanced health benefits in the newborn’ [Journal of Infection Volume 84, Issue 3 (2022) 321-328]
Authors: Frederik Schaltz-Buchholzer, Christian Bjerregård Øland, Mike Berendsen, Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen, Elise Brenno Stjernholm, Christian N Golding, Ivan Monteiro, Peter Aaby, Christine Stabell Benn
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)

The publisher regrets the supplementary tables were not included in the article and the online links for the supplementary tables incorrectly redirected readers to Table 1 and Table 2. The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. Maternal BCG primes for enhanced health benefits in the newbornJournal of InfectionVol. 84Issue 3PreviewThe early-life mortality remains high in developing countries and nearly half of under-5 deaths occur in the neonatal period.1 Neonatal sepsis caused by a range of different bacterial agents, against which specific vaccines are not available, is a leading cause of death.2 A strategy to reduce early-life infection severity is the at-birth provision of live vaccines such as Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) and Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG).3 In a series of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted by the Bandim Health Project (BHP, www.bandim.org ) in Guinea-Bissau, BCG provided at hospital discharge a few days after birth reduced infectious disease mortality risk by 40% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 11–60%)4, particularly due to protection against neonatal sepsis. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Booster COVID-19 Vaccinations Among Persons Aged ≥5 Years and Second Booster COVID-19 Vaccinations Among Persons Aged ≥50 Years — United States, August 13, 2021–August 5, 2022
Authors: Hannah E. Fast, Bhavini Patel Murthy, Elizabeth Zell, Lu Meng, Neil Murthy, Ryan Saelee, Peng-jun Lu, Yoonjae Kang, Lauren Shaw, Lynn Gibbs-Scharf, LaTreace Harris
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2022)
National Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents Aged 13–17 Years — National Immunization Survey-Teen, United States, 2021
Authors: Cassandra Pingali, David Yankey, Laurie D. Elam-Evans, Lauri E. Markowitz, Madeleine R. Valier, Benjamin Fredua, Samuel J. Crowe, Shannon Stokley, James A. Singleton
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2022)

Influenza vaccination is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months.Influenza vaccination coverage estimates are available at https://www
COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Safety Among Children Aged 6 Months–5 Years — United States, June 18, 2022–August 21, 2022
Authors: Anne M. Hause, Paige Marquez, Bicheng Zhang, Tanya R. Myers, Julianne Gee, John R. Su, Casey Parker, Deborah Thompson, Sarada S. Panchanathan, Tom T. Shimabukuro, David K. Shay
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2022)

The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for use in children aged 6 months-4 years was administered as 3 doses (3 µg [0.2 mL] each), at intervals of 3 weeks between doses 1 and 2 and ≥8 weeks between doses 2 and 3; the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine for use in children aged 6 months-5 years was administered as 2 doses (25 µg [0.25 mL] each), 4 weeks apart.Data for Moderna COVID-19 doses administered to children aged 5 years were unavailable.
Parental Intentions and Perceptions Toward COVID-19 Vaccination Among Children Aged 4 Months to 4 Years — PROTECT Cohort, Four States, July 2021–May 2022
Authors: Karen Lutrick, Ashley Fowlkes, Patrick Rivers, Katherine Herder, Tammy A. Santibanez, Lindsay LeClair, Kimberly Groover, Julie Mayo Lamberte, Lauren Grant, Leah Odame-Bamfo, Maria V. Ferraris, Andrew L. Phillips, Brian Sokol, Ashley A. Lowe, Clare Mathenge, Felipe A Pubillones, Brianna Cottam, Hilary McLeland-Wieser, Krystal S. Jovel, Jezahel S. Ochoa, Jacob Mckell, Mark Berry, Sana Khan, Natasha Schaefer Solle, Ramona P. Rai, Flavia Miiro Nakayima, Gabriella Newes-Adeyi, Cynthia Porter, Zoe Baccam, Katherine D. Ellingson, Jeffery L. Burgess, Manjusha Gaglani, Lisa Gwynn, Alberto Caban-Martinez, Sarang Yoon
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2022)

Approximately 12 million children and adolescents aged ≤18 years in the United States have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, since December 2019,* and COVID-19-associated hospitalization rates increased among children aged <5 years during the B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529(Omicron) variant peaks (1).In June 2022, the Food and Drug Administration amended the Emergency Use Authorization for the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) COVID-19 vaccine to include use of the vaccine in children aged 6 months-4 years and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) for children 6 months-5 years, which CDC recommends all children receive.† Advance reports indicated that fewer than 50% of parents were willing to vaccinate their children aged <5 years (2,3).Using the Pediatric Research Observing Trends and Exposures in COVID-19 Timelines (PROTECT) § (4) prospective cohort, changes in parental perceptions toward COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination ¶ for children aged <5 years were examined during July 2021-May 2022.Among * https://www.aap.org/en/pages/2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-infections/children-and-covid-19-state-level-data-report/ (Accessed March 9, 2022).
An Extended Swedish Adoption Study of Anxiety Disorder and Its Cross-Generational Familial Relationship With Major Depression
Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Linda Abrahamsson, Henrik Ohlsson, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2022)

Objective: To clarify, using an extended adoption design, the sources of parent-offspring transmission for anxiety disorder (AD) and its major subforms and their familial cross-generational relationship with major depression (MD). Methods: Offspring (born 1960–1992) and their parents, from six family types (intact, not-lived-with biological father or mother, lived-with step-father or step-mother, and adoptive), were ascertained from Swedish national samples. Diagnoses were obtained from national medical registers. We assessed three sources of parent-child resemblance: genes plus rearing, genes only, and rearing only. To test comorbidity effects, single diagnoses were assigned in comorbid cases based on frequency and recency. Results: For AD to AD parent-child transmission, best-estimate tetrachoric correlations for the three types of parent-offspring relationships genes plus rearing, genes only, and rearing only—equaled +0.16 (95% CI=0.16, 0.16), +0.12 (95% CI=0.10, 0.13), and +0.06 (95% CI=0.04, 0.07), respectively, with broadly similar results for MD to MD transmission. Cross-disorder cross-generation correlations were modestly lower, with genetic and rearing correlations for AD and MD estimated at +0.83 (95% CI=0.76, 0.90) and +0.83 (95% CI=0.69, 0.96), respectively. Analyses for panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) produced comparable findings, with the genetic correlation with MD modestly higher for generalized anxiety disorder than panic disorder. Applying a diagnostic hierarchy to comorbid cases resulted in a decline in cross-disorder cross-generation transmission with the estimated genetic correlation equaling +0.46 (95% CI=0.30, 0.62). Conclusions and Relevance: For AD and its major subforms, cross-generational transmission includes both genetic and rearing effects. In traditional analyses, AD and MD demonstrate highly correlated genetic and rearing effects. The genetic correlation weakened when applying a diagnostic hierarchy.
Efficacy and Safety of Telaglenastat Plus Cabozantinib vs Placebo Plus Cabozantinib in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Nizar M. Tannir, Neeraj Agarwal, Camillo Porta, Nicola J. Lawrence, Robert Motzer, Bradley McGregor, Richard J. Lee, Rohit K. Jain, Nancy Davis, Leonard J. Appleman, Oscar Goodman, Walter M. Stadler, Sunil Gandhi, Daniel M. Geynisman, Roberto Iacovelli, Begoña Mellado, Juan Manuel Sepúlveda Sánchez, Robert Figlin, Thomas Powles, Lalith Akella, Keith Orford, Bernard Escudier
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

Dysregulated metabolism is a hallmark of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Glutaminase is a key enzyme that fuels tumor growth by converting glutamine to glutamate. Telaglenastat is an investigational, first-in-class, selective, oral glutaminase inhibitor that blocks glutamine utilization and downstream pathways. Preclinically, telaglenastat synergized with cabozantinib, a VEGFR2/MET/AXL inhibitor, in RCC models.To compare the efficacy and safety of telaglenastat plus cabozantinib (Tela + Cabo) vs placebo plus cabozantinib (Pbo + Cabo).CANTATA was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, pivotal trial conducted at sites in the US, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. Eligible patients had metastatic clear-cell RCC following progression on 1 to 2 prior lines of therapy, including 1 or more antiangiogenic therapies or nivolumab plus ipilimumab. The data cutoff date was August 31, 2020. Data analysis was performed from December 2020 to February 2021.Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive oral cabozantinib (60 mg daily) with either telaglenastat (800 mg twice daily) or placebo until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.The primary end point was progression-free survival (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1) assessed by blinded independent radiology review.A total of 444 patients were randomized: 221 to Tela + Cabo (median [range] age, 61 [21-81] years; 47 [21%] women and 174 [79%] men) and 223 to Pbo + Cabo (median [range] age, 62 [29-83] years; 68 [30%] women and 155 [70%] men). A total of 276 (62%) patients had received prior immune checkpoint inhibitors, including 128 with prior nivolumab plus ipilimumab, 93 of whom had not received prior antiangiogenic therapy. Median progression-free survival was 9.2 months for Tela + Cabo vs 9.3 months for Pbo + Cabo (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.74-1.21; P = .65). Overall response rates were 31% (69 of 221) with Tela + Cabo vs 28% (62 of 223) with Pbo + Cabo. Treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) rates were similar between arms. Grade 3 to 4 TEAEs occurred in 160 patients (71%) with Tela + Cabo and 172 patients (79%) with Pbo + Cabo and included hypertension (38 patients [17%] vs 40 patients [18%]) and diarrhea (34 patients [15%] vs 29 patients [13%]). Cabozantinib was discontinued due to AEs in 23 patients (10%) receiving Tela + Cabo and 33 patients (15%) receiving Pbo + Cabo.In this randomized clinical trial, telaglenastat did not improve the efficacy of cabozantinib in metastatic RCC. Tela + Cabo was well tolerated with AEs consistent with the known risks of both agents.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03428217.
Medical Record Closure Practices of Physicians Before and After the Use of Medical Scribes
Authors: Sarah T. Florig, Sky Corby, Tanuj Devara, Nicole G. Weiskopf, Vishnu Mohan, Jeffrey A. Gold
Journal: JAMA (2022)

This study uses electronic health record data to evaluate medical record closure outcomes before and after the use of medical scribes at a large academic medical center.
Developmental Pathways and Clinical Outcomes of Early Childhood Psychotic Experiences in Preadolescent Children at Familial High Risk of Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: A Prospective, Longitudinal Cohort Study - The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study, VIA 11
Authors: Maja Gregersen, Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen, Sinnika Birkehøj Rohd, Anne Søndergaard, Julie Marie Brandt, Ditte Ellersgaard, Carsten Hjorthøj, Jessica Ohland, Mette Falkenberg Krantz, Martin Wilms, Anna Krogh Andreassen, Lotte Veddum, Christina Bruun Knudsen, Aja Neergaard Greve, Vibeke Bliksted, Ole Mors, Lars Clemmensen, Merete Nordentoft, Nicoline Hemager, Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2022)

Objective: Psychotic experiences are common in children and adolescents and are associated with concurrent and subsequent psychopathology. Most findings originate from general population studies, whereas little is known of the clinical outcomes of psychotic experiences in children and adolescents at familial high risk of psychosis. We examined the prevalence of psychotic experiences in middle childhood and whether early childhood psychotic experiences and developmental pathways of psychotic experiences predicted mental disorders in middle childhood in children at familial high risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ), bipolar disorder (FHR-BP), and a population-based control group. Methods: In a longitudinal population-based cohort study children at FHR-SZ (N=170), FHR-BP (N=103), and the control group (N=174) were assessed for psychotic experiences and axis I disorders with face-to-face interviews in early and middle childhood (at 7 and 11 years of age). Results: Psychotic experiences were more prevalent in children at FHR-SZ (31.8%, odds ratio 2.1, 95% CI 1.3–3.4) than in the control group (18.4%) in middle childhood. Early childhood psychotic experiences predicted mental disorders in middle childhood after adjusting for early childhood disorders and familial risk (odds ratio 2.0, 95% CI 1.2–3.1). Having three or more psychotic experiences increased odds the most (odds ratio 2.5, 95% CI 1.1–5.7). Persistent psychotic experiences were associated with increased odds of middle childhood disorders (odds ratio 4.1, 95% CI 2.1–8.4). Psychotic experiences were nondifferentially associated with mental disorders across the three familial risk groups. Conclusions: Early childhood psychotic experiences predict mental disorders in middle childhood. Psychotic experiences index vulnerability for psychopathology nondifferentially in children at familial high risk and the control group. Psychotic experiences should be included in mental health screenings including children at familial high risk.
Association Between Daytime vs Overnight Digit Replantation and Surgical Outcomes
Authors: I-Chun F. Lin, Alfred P. Yoon, Lingxuan Kong, Lu Wang, Kevin C. Chung
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Recent evidence suggests that select delayed replantation may not adversely affect digit survival; however, whether surgical timing (overnight or daytime) is associated with digit replantation outcomes is unknown. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess whether digit survival, complication rate, and duration of surgery are associated with time of replantation. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This retrospective case series study included all replantations performed at a single tertiary referral academic center between January 1, 2000, and August 1, 2021. Data were analyzed between October 2, 2021, and January 1, 2022. Four daytime surgery intervals were selected based on literature review. Daytime replantations started within the intervals whereas overnight replantations began outside the intervals. For each case, the procedure difficulty score and the attending surgeon expertise score were calculated. Logistic and linear regressions adjusting for confounders including procedure difficulty score and expertise score were used to assess surgical timing and outcomes. Participants were adults (aged ≥18 years) undergoing digit replantations between January 2000 and August 2021 with at least 1-month follow-up. Replantation was defined as the reattachment of a completely amputated digit that necessitated anastomosis of both artery and vein. <h3>Exposures</h3> Daytime or overnight digit replantation. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Viable replanted digit at 1-month follow-up, number of complications, and duration of surgery. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 98 patients (mean [SD] age, 39.5 [15.3] years; 136 [93%] men) and 147 digits met inclusion criteria. Overall success rate was 55%. Between 4pmand 7am, overnight replantations were associated with 0.4 fewer complications (β, −0.4; 95% CI, −0.8 to −0.1) and 90.7 minutes shorter operative time (β, −90.7; 95% CI, −173.6 to −7.7). A 1-point increase in surgeon expertise score was associated with 1.7 times increased odds of replantation success for all intervals (adjusted odds ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.4;<i>P</i> = .002). There were no differences in digit survival by surgical time. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this case series study of digit replantations, time of operation was not associated with replantation success. Overnight replantation was associated with fewer complications and shorter duration of surgery compared with daytime surgery. Results of this study suggest that overnight replantations may be performed with outcomes comparable to daytime replantations at a tertiary care academic center.
Association Between Sex-Specific Risk Factors and Risk of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation Among Women
Authors: Zuolin Lu, Elif Aribas, Sven Geurts, Jeanine E. Roeters van Lennep, M. Arfan Ikram, Maxime M. Bos, Natasja M. S. de Groot, Maryam Kavousi
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia worldwide, with different epidemiological and pathophysiological processes for women vs men and a poorer prognosis for women. Further investigation of sex-specific risk factors associated with AF development in women is warranted. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the linear and potential nonlinear associations between sex-specific risk factors and the risk of new-onset AF in women. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This population-based cohort study obtained data from the 2006 to 2010 UK Biobank study, a cohort of more than 500 000 participants aged 40 to 69 years. Participants were women without AF and history of hysterectomy and/or bilateral oophorectomy at baseline. Median follow-up period for AF onset was 11.6 years, and follow-up ended on October 3, 2020. <h3>Exposures</h3> Self-reported, sex-specific risk factors, including age at menarche, history of irregular menstrual cycle, menopause status, age at menopause, years after menopause, age at first live birth, years after last birth, history of spontaneous miscarriages, history of stillbirths, number of live births, and total reproductive years. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome was new-onset AF, which was defined by the use of<i>International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision</i>code I48. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 235 191 women (mean [SD] age, 55.7 [8.1] years) were included in the present study. During follow-up, 4629 (2.0%) women experienced new-onset AF. In multivariable-adjusted models, history of irregular menstrual cycle was associated with higher AF risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.34; 95% CI, 1.01-1.79). Both early menarche (age 7-11 years; HR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.00-1.21]) and late menarche (age 13-18 years; HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.00-1.17]) were associated with AF incidence. Early menopause (age 35-44 years; HR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.10-1.39]) and delayed menopause (age ≥60 years; HR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.10-1.78]) were associated with higher risk of AF. Compared with women with 1 to 2 live births, those with 0 live births (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04-1.24) or 7 or more live births (HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.03-2.70) both had significantly higher AF risk. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Results of this study suggest that irregular menstrual cycles, nulliparity, and multiparity were associated with higher risk of new-onset AF among women. The results highlight the importance of taking into account the reproductive history of women in devising screening strategies for AF prevention.
Natural decline in pulmonary function following bilateral lung transplantation: a single-centre study
Authors: Geert M. Verleden, Robin Vos, Laurent Godinas, Stijn E. Verleden, Dirk E. Van Raemdonck, Laurens J. Ceulemans
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

<b>After bilateral lung transplantation, the natural decline in FEV<sub>1</sub> is only slightly increased compared to normal physiological ageing decline in FEV<sub>1</sub> in healthy subjects</b>https://bit.ly/3pwkrqq