tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coronary Arterial Spasm During Pulsed Field Ablation to Treat Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Vivek Y. Reddy, Jan Petru, Moritoshi Funasako, Karel Kopriva, Pavel Hala, Milan Chovanec, Marek Janotka, Stepan Kralovec, Petr Neuzil
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Pulsed field ablation (PFA) has a unique safety profile when used to treat atrial fibrillation, largely related to its preferentiality for myocardial tissue ablation, in particular, esophageal sparing. A pentaspline catheter was the first such PFA system studied clinically for atrial fibrillation ablation; in these initial regulatory trials, the catheter was used for pulmonary vein isolation and left atrial posterior wall ablation. Since its regulatory approval in Europe, in clinical practice, physicians have ablated beyond pulmonary vein isolation and left atrial posterior wall ablation to expanded lesion sets in closer proximity to coronary arteries. This is an unstudied important issue because preclinical and clinical data have raised the potential for coronary arterial spasm. Herein, we studied the vasospastic potential of PFA lesion sets, both remote from and adjacent to coronary arteries.During routine atrial fibrillation ablation using the pentaspline PFA catheter, coronary angiography was performed before, during, and after pulsed field applications. The lesion sets studied included: (1) those remote from the coronary arteries such as pulmonary vein isolation (n=25 patients) and left atrial posterior wall ablation (n=5), and (2) ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus (n=20) that is situated adjacent to the right coronary artery.During pulmonary vein isolation and left atrial posterior wall ablation, coronary spasm did not occur, but cavotricuspid isthmus ablation provoked severe subtotal vasospasm in 5 of 5 (100%) consecutive patients, and this was relieved by intracoronary nitroglycerin in 5.5±3.5 minutes. ST-segment elevation was not observed. However, no patient (0%, P=0.004) had severe spasm if first administered parenteral nitroglycerin, either intracoronary (n=5) or intravenous (n=10), before treatment.Coronary vasospasm was not provoked during PFA at locations remote from coronary arteries, but when the energy is delivered adjacent to a coronary artery, PFA routinely provokes subclinical vasospasm. This phenomenon is attenuated by nitroglycerin, administered either post hoc to treat spasm or as prophylaxis.
Ferroptosis-induced anticancer effect of resveratrol with a biomimetic nano-delivery system in colorectal cancer treatment
Authors: Ziting Zhang, You Ji, Nan Hu, Qinqi Yu, Xinrui Zhang, Jie Li, Fenglei Wu, Huae Xu, Qiyun Tang, Xiaolin Li
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2022)

Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death impelled by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, which may be a potential strategy for cancer therapy. Here we demonstrated for the first time that Resveratrol (RSV), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) chemical monomer, could effectually inhibit the growth of colon cancer cells through the ROS-dependent ferroptosis pathway. Mechanistically, RSV evoked the increase of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in colorectal cancer cells, and eventually lead to ferroptosis. Furthermore, RSV could promote ferroptosis by downregulating the expression of the channel protein solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). To improve the delivery efficiency of RSV, a biomimetic nanocarrier was developed by coating RSV-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL-PEG) nanoparticles with erythrocyte membrane (RSV-NPs@RBCm). The RSV-NPs@RBCm provide the possibility to escape macrophage phagocytosis and have a long circulation effect. In addition, when coupled with a tumor-penetrating peptide iRGD, which could trigger enhanced tissue penetration tumor-specifically, the delivery of RSV-NPs@RBCm into tumors would be significantly improved results from the in vivo study demonstrated an excellent treatment efficacy for CRC. Altogether, our study highlighted the therapeutic potential of RSV as a ferroptosis-inducing anticancer agent and when loaded into a biomimetic nanoplatform, it might pave the way for the application of RSV loaded nanosystems for colorectal cancer treatment.
Monitoring of Individual Needs in Diabetes (MIND): Baseline Data From the Cross-National Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes, and Needs (DAWN) MIND Study
Authors: Frank J. Snoek, Nancy Y.A. Kersch, Ebbe Eldrup, Ilana Harman-Boehm, Norbert Hermanns, Andrzej Kokoszka, David R. Matthews, Brian E. McGuire, Mirjana Pibernik-OkanoviĆ, Joelle Singer, Maartje de Wit, Søren E. Skovlund
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE To test the feasibility and impact of implementing the computer-assisted Monitoring of Individual Needs in Diabetes (MIND) procedure, which is aimed at improving recognition and management of the psychological needs of diabetic patients in routine care. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The MIND study was implemented in diabetes clinics across eight countries as part of the annual review. The computerized assessment covered emotional well-being (World Health Organization 5 Well-Being Index), diabetes-related distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes), life events, and the patient’s agenda. Medical data were retrieved from the charts, and agreed-upon actions were recorded. RESULTS Of 1,567 patients monitored using the MIND, 24.9% had either likely depression or high diabetes-related distress; 5.4% had both. Over 80% of these patients were newly identified cases, and 41% of patients with depression were referred to a mental health professional. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring of well-being and diabetes-related distress as part of routine diabetes care is feasible and helps to identify and discuss unmet psychosocial needs.
Table of Contents
Authors: Jaquelyne Hughes, Janet Kelly, Alyssa Cormick, P Coates, Kim O'donnell, Gunnar Schley, Margarete Goppelt-Struebe, Emelie Lassén, Rihab Bouchareb, Ilse Daehn, Chrishan Samuel, Shaun Jackson, Charles Alpers, Shilpanjali Jesudason, Giorgina Piccoli, Luca De Nicola, Carlo Garofalo, Silvio Borrelli, Roberto Minutolo, Amélie Bernier-Jean, Tilman Drüeke, Franziska Lausecker, Sybille Koehler, Maryline Fresquet, Richard Naylor, Pinyuan Tian, Nicola Wanner, Fabian Braun, Linus Butt, Tobias Huber, Rachel Lennon, Marianne Kerr, Nicole Evangelidis, Penelope Abbott, Jonathan Craig, Michelle Dickson, Nicole Scholes-Robertson, Victoria Sinka, Rahim Vastani, Katherine Widders, Jacqueline Stephens, Allison Jaure, Laetitia Koppe, Christophe Soulage, Anika Lucas, Christina Wyatt, Charles Ronsin, Laurent Benard, Olivier Kosmider, Amélie Mourtada, François Perrin, Zakaria Boukerroucha, Elvana Rista, Maksim Llambro, Jonida Lazaj, Dorina Aliu, Kristi Saliaj, Masako Ogawa, Naohiro Toda, Satoshi Kurahashi, Kyoka Fujita, Katsuya Tanigaki, Hisako Hirashima, Masaaki Fujita, Toshiyuki Komiya, Jiashen Cai, Cynthia Lim, Hui Tan, Jason Choo, Puay Tan
Journal: Kidney International (2022)
Real-life validation of a sample pooling strategy for screening of hepatitis C
Authors: Antonio Aguilera, Ana Fuentes, María Cea, Raquel Carracedo, Laura Viñuela, Patricia Ordóñez, Fátima López-Fabal, Elena Sáez, Rubén Cebrián, Alfredo Pérez-Revilla, Sara Pereira, Adolfo De Salazar, Federico García
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2022)
A zwitterionic polymer-inspired material mediated efficient CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing
Authors: Lingmin Zhang, Langyu Yang, Jionghua Huang, Sheng Chen, Chuangjia Huang, Yinshan Lin, Ao Shen, ZhouYikang Zheng, Wenfu Zheng, Shunqing Tang
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2022)
Advisory Board and Contents
Authors: Lucia Prieto-Godino, Thomas Auer, Françoise Lazarini, Emmanuel Roze, Annie Lannuzel, Pierre-Marie Lledo, George Mashour, Dinesh Pal, Emery Brown, Hannah Mason, Dorian Mcgavern, Diane Barret, U Kaupp, Jacopo Marino, Egidio Angelo, Viktor Jirsa, Moran Furman, Danielle Loughlin, Fred Kop, Patrick Scheffmann, Silvia Arber, Rui Costa, Ann Craig, John Cryan, Catherine Dulac, Yukiko Goda, Kenneth Harris, Nancy Ip, Meyer Jackson, Maria Karayiorgou, Nancy Kopell, Robert Malenka, Mark Mattson, Freda Miller, Richard Morris, Maiken Nedergaard, Eric Nestler, Kia Nobre, Marco Prinz, Anna Wang, Roe Carmen, Sandi Klaas, Enno Stephan, Greg Stuart, Christopher Walsh, Xiaoqin Wang, Xu Zhang
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (2022)
Activation of the hedgehog pathway in advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Tao Sheng, Chengxin Li, Xiaoli Zhang, Sumin Chi, Nonggao He, Kai Chen, Frank McCormick, Zoran Gatalica, Jingwu Xie
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2004)

The hedgehog pathway plays a critical role in the development of prostate. However, the role of the hedgehog pathway in prostate cancer is not clear. Prostate cancer is the second most prevalent cause of cancer death in American men. Therefore, identification of novel therapeutic targets for prostate cancer has significant clinical implications. Here we report that activation of the hedgehog pathway occurs frequently in advanced human prostate cancer. We find that high levels of hedgehog target genes, PTCH1 and hedgehog-interacting protein (HIP), are detected in over 70% of prostate tumors with Gleason scores 8–10, but in only 22% of tumors with Gleason scores 3–6. Furthermore, four available metastatic tumors all have high expression of PTCH1 and HIP. To identify the mechanism of the hedgehog signaling activation, we examine expression of Su(Fu) protein, a negative regulator of the hedgehog pathway. We find that Su(Fu) protein is undetectable in 11 of 27 PTCH1 positive tumors, two of them contain somatic loss-of-function mutations of Su(Fu). Furthermore, expression of sonic hedgehog protein is detected in majority of PTCH1 positive tumors (24 out of 27). High levels of hedgehog target genes are also detected in four prostate cancer cell lines (TSU, DU145, LN-Cap and PC3). We demonstrate that inhibition of hedgehog signaling by smoothened antagonist, cyclopamine, suppresses hedgehog signaling, down-regulates cell invasiveness and induces apoptosis. In addition, cancer cells expressing Gli1 under the CMV promoter are resistant to cyclopamine-mediated apoptosis. All these data suggest a significant role of the hedgehog pathway for cellular functions of prostate cancer cells. Our data indicate that activation of the hedgehog pathway, through loss of Su(Fu) or overexpression of sonic hedgehog, may involve tumor progression and metastases of prostate cancer. Thus, targeted inhibition of hedgehog signaling may have significant implications of prostate cancer therapeutics.
Cognitive traits are more appropriate for genetic analysis than social outcomes
Authors: Franck Ramus
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract The critique of the genetics of complex social outcomes is partly well-founded, insofar as social outcomes sometimes have unreliable relations with cognitive traits. But the correct conclusion is not to dismiss the entire field altogether. Rather, the implication is to redirect geneticists' attention to the stable cognitive phenotypes that are natural candidates for genetic analysis.
Hyperfibrinolysis Resulting from Clotting Activation in Patients with Different Degrees of Cirrhosis
Authors: Francesco Violi, Domenico Ferro, Claudio Quintarelli, Antonio Musca, Francesco Balsano, Corrado Cordova, Stefania Basili
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

This study explored the relationship between clotting activation and tissue plasminogen activator and its inhibitor in cirrhotic patients with different degrees of liver failure. Sixty-seven patients (40 men, 27 women; age = 31-77 yr) with cirrhosis diagnosed by liver biopsy were divided into three subgroups (A, B and C) on the basis of Child-Pugh classification. Tissue plasminogen activator antigen and activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen and activity, fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products, and D-dimer were measured in each patient. Forty-two patients with normal levels of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products and D-dimer showed significant progressive decreases of plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen levels (p &lt; 0.01) and activity (p &lt; 0.0001) from class A to class C. This decrease was significantly related to prothrombin time (p &lt; 0.003). Tissue plasminogen activator values were not different in the three Child classes. Twenty-five patients (7 class B and 18 class C) with high circulating values of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products and D-dimer had higher values of tissue plasminogen activator antigen (20.0 ± 10.1 ng/ml vs. 5.9 ± 3.0 ng/ml; p &lt; 0.0001) and activity (6.9 ± 2.2 U/ml vs. 2.1 ± 1.3 U/ml;p &lt; 0.0001) and lower values of plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen (6.9 ± 4.1 ng/ml vs. 14.8 ± 5.6 ng/ml; p &lt; 0.0001) and activity (4.1 ± 2.8 U/ml vs. 9.8 ± 3.7 U/ml; p &lt; 0.0001) than did patients with normal values of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products and D-dimer. We conclude that cirrhotic patients without systemic signs of hyperfibrinolysis exhibited progressive decreases of plasminogen activator inhibitor levels, suggesting that its blood levels are strongly related to liver function. The clear-cut imbalance between tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor in patients with high circulating levels of D-dimer indicates that hyperfibrinolysis may be due mainly to clotting activation. (Hepatology 1993;17:78-83.)
Nonsurgical Ovum Transfer as a Treatment in Infertile Women
Authors: Maria Bustillo
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This report summarizes our experience with nonsurgical ovum transfer at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center. In 29 attempts, 12 ova have been recovered and transferred. Two ongoing intrauterine recipient pregnancies have resulted from this preliminary research. There were two complications: one ectopic pregnancy in a recipient woman and one retained pregnancy in a donor woman who aborted spontaneously. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:1171-1173)
Postchemotherapy Retroperitoneal Surgery Remains Necessary in Patients With Nonseminomatous Testicular Cancer and Minimal Residual Tumor Masses
Authors: Jan Oldenburg, G. Cecilie Alfsen, Hans H. Lien, Nina Aass, Håkon Wæhre, Sophie D. Fosså
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: To determine preoperative parameters that predict the histology of specimens obtained by retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) in patients with nonseminomatous germ cell cancer (NSGCT) whose residual mass was ≤ 20 mm in diameter after modern cisplatin-based induction chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: Eighty-seven patients with metastatic NSGCT underwent RPLND after having received cisplatin- or carboplatin-based induction chemotherapy. In all patients, the largest diameter of the residual mass on the transaxial plane was ≤ 20 mm, as assessed by abdominal computed tomography (CT) immediately before RPLND. Results: Complete fibrosis or necrosis was found in 58 patients (67%), teratoma was found in 23 patients (26%), and vital malignant germ cell tumor was found in six patients (7%), including one patient with rhabdomyosarcoma in the RPLND specimen. In five of the six latter patients, the residual lesion was ≤ 10 mm at pre-RPLND CT. No pre- or postchemotherapy clinical or radiologic parameter was identified that significantly predicted the histology of the residual mass. Conclusion: One third of retroperitoneal postchemotherapy lesions ≤ 20 mm contained residual vital tumor tissue, despite modern chemotherapy regimens. Therefore, postchemotherapy RPLND remains necessary in patients with minimal-size residual lesions to facilitate easy and safe follow-up and initiate additional therapy as early as possible, thus avoiding recurrences.
The Fetal Tobacco Syndrome
Authors: Phillip Nieburg
Journal: JAMA (1985)

THE ADVERSE effects of substance abuse during pregnancy have been increasingly well documented. During the past decade, the term "fetal alcohol syndrome" was coined to refer to a constellation of adverse effects due to alcohol abuse during pregnancy. This was an important step in relating preventable maternal behaviors to adverse outcomes of pregnancy. Almost three decades ago, cigarette smoking during pregnancy was reported to affect birth weight adversely.<sup>1</sup>Although a very large number of studies have subsequently confirmed those findings and have further identified a broad spectrum of additional adverse consequences,<sup>2</sup>no diagnostic term analogous to fetal alcohol syndrome has been available to relate maternal smoking behavior to these adverse outcomes. Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is clearly associated with birth weight deficits of up to 250 g for full-term newborns.<sup>3</sup>A clear dose-response relationship exists between the number of cigarettes smoked and the birth-weight deficit.<sup>4</sup>Compared
Effect of Prenatal and Infancy Home Visitation by Nurses on Pregnancy Outcomes, Childhood Injuries, and Repeated Childbearing
Authors: Harriet Kitzman
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Context.</h3> —Interest in home-visitation services as a way of improving maternal and child outcomes has grown out of the favorable results of a trial in semirural New York. The findings have not been replicated in other populations. <h3>Objective.</h3> —To test the effect of prenatal and infancy home visits by nurses on pregnancy-induced hypertension, preterm delivery, and low birth weight; on children's injuries, immunizations, mental development, and behavioral problems; and on maternal life course. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized controlled trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Public system of obstetric care in Memphis, Tenn. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 1139 primarily African-American women at less than 29 weeks' gestation, with no previous live births, and with at least 2 sociodemographic risk characteristics (unmarried, &lt;12 years of education, unemployed). <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Nurses made an average of 7 (range, 0-18) home visits during pregnancy and 26 (range, 0-71) visits from birth to the children's second birthdays. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Pregnancy-induced hypertension, preterm delivery, low birth weight, children's injuries, ingestions, and immunizations abstracted from medical records; mothers' reports of children's behavioral problems; tests of children's mental development; mothers' reports of subsequent pregnancy, educational achievement, and labor-force participation; and use of welfare derived from state records. <h3>Main Results.</h3> —In contrast to counterparts assigned to the comparison condition, fewer women visited by nurses during pregnancy had pregnancy-induced hypertension (13% vs 20%;<i>P</i>=.009). During the first 2 years after delivery, women visited by nurses during pregnancy and the first 2 years of the child's life had fewer health care encounters for children in which injuries or ingestions were detected (0.43 vs 0.55;<i>P</i>=.05); days that children were hospitalized with injuries or ingestions (0.03 vs 0.16;<i>P</i>&lt;.001); and second pregnancies (36% vs 47%;<i>P</i>=.006). There were no program effects on preterm delivery or low birth weight; children's immunization rates, mental development, or behavioral problems; or mothers' education and employment. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —This program of home visitation by nurses can reduce pregnancyinduced hypertension, childhood injuries, and subsequent pregnancies among low-income women with no previous live births.
Nosocomial Pseudomonas pickettii Bacteremias Traced to Narcotic Tampering
Authors: Dennis G. Maki
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Three patients in a university hospital developed nosocomial infusion-related<i>Pseudomonas pickettii</i>bacteremia. Investigation identified six additional patients who had received intravenous fluid contaminated by<i>P pickettii</i>but did not become ill. All nine patients had had surgery, and each of these patients but only nine of 19 operated-on control patients had received intravenous fentanyl citrate in the operating room; the mean dose given to the nine case patients was far greater than that given to control patients. Fentanyl in 20 (40%) of 50 predrawn 30-mL syringes was shown to be contaminated by<i>P pickettii</i>. Contamination was caused by theft of fentanyl from predrawn syringes and replacement by distilled water contaminated by<i>P pickettii</i>. Narcotic theft by health care personnel may cause patients to suffer pain needlessly and can also result in dire unanticipated consequences, such as nosocomial bacteremia. Whereas drug testing in the workplace is highly controversial, we believe that testing of health care personnel is indicated when drug abuse or theft is suspected. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:981-986)
Competency based medical training: review * Commentary: The baby is thrown out with the bathwater
Authors: W.-C. Leung
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The competency approach has become prominent at most stages of undergraduate and postgraduate medical training in many countries.In the United Kingdom, for example, it forms part of the performance procedures of the General Medical Council (GMC), 1 underpins objectively structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) and records of in-training assessment (RITA), and has been advocated for the selection of registrars in general practice and interviews. 2 3 It has become central to the professional lives of all doctors and is treated as if it were a panacea-but there is little consensus among trainees, trainers, and committees on what this approach entails.I aim to explore the origins and development of the competency approach, evaluate its current role in medical training, and discuss its strengths and limitations.
Molecularly engineered siRNA conjugates for tumor-targeted RNAi therapy
Authors: Jong Won Lee, Jiwon Choi, Yeonho Choi, Kwangmeyung Kim, Yoosoo Yang, Sun Hwa Kim, Hong Yeol Yoon, Ick Chan Kwon
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2022)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a major cellular mechanism regulating gene expression in which short double-stranded RNA molecules called small interfering RNA (siRNA) mediate sequence-specific mRNA degradation. RNAi technology has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic platform for the effective treatment of various diseases caused by inappropriate gene activity, such as cancer. However, the clinical translation of siRNA therapeutics has been hampered by the major hurdles associated with biological instability and limited delivery efficiency. Based on the various efforts, recent siRNA delivery strategies using cationic lipids and polymers allowed to enhance pharmacokinetics and delivery efficiency, resulting in potent and liver-targeted RNAi therapy. However, non-specific protein adsorption, high liver accumulation, and severe toxicity of cationic nanocarriers still limit the possibility of transfer of siRNA therapeutics from the laboratory to the clinic. One of the promising delivery strategies to overcome the limitations of siRNA therapeutics is carrier-free bioconjugation which is chemically modified and connected with biocompatible molecules such as lipids, peptides, antibodies, aptamers, and polymers. These molecularly engineered siRNA conjugates can be utilized for RNAi delivery to tissues beyond the liver, providing opportunities for clinical translation. This review focused on introducing the recent progress in molecularly engineered siRNA conjugates and their applications toward overcoming the limitations of siRNA for tumor-targeted delivery and therapy.