tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pre-exposure prophylaxis with tixagevimab/cilgavimab (AZD7442) prevents severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation during the Omicron wave: a multicentric retrospective study of SFGM-TC
Authors: Ludovic Jondreville, Maud D’Aveni, Hélène Labussière-Wallet, Amandine Le Bourgeois, Alban Villate, Ana Berceanu, Silvia-Maria Bezsera, Anne Thiebaut, Marion Boissard-Simonet, Marlène Legrand, Jérôme Cornillon, Marie-Thérèse Rubio, Patrice Chevallier, Stéphanie Nguyen
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2022)

Abstract Since the emergence of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, though considered less virulent, hospitalization and death rates among immunocompromised patients remain high, especially for poor responders to vaccination. We conducted a retrospective multicentric study to evaluate pre-exposure prophylaxis with AZD7442 (tixagevimab/cilgavimab) for preventing COVID-19 in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) recipients. Among the 161 patients of our cohort, 22 (14%) contracted COVID-19 after a median follow-up of 105 days, but no severe form was observed. Only one major adverse event was reported: an acute coronary syndrome, resolved without sequelae. Pending randomized controlled trial results, our data support the use of AZD7442 as pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 during Omicron wave in allo-HSCT patients who failed to develop humoral immunity to vaccination, to prevent severe and potentially lethal forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Abstract 205: Termination of Resuscitation Rules for Traumatic Cardiopulmonary Arrest: Old Dogma, New Validation
Authors: Yu-Sheng Huang, Wen-Chu Chiang, Patrick Chow-In Ko, Sot Shih-Hung Liu, Chien-Hao Lin, Kah-Meng Chong, Ming-Tai Cheng, Hui-Chih Wang, Chih-Wei Yang, Shey-Ying Chen, Bin-Chou Lee, Matthew Huei-Ming Ma
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Pre-hospital terminations of resuscitation (TOR) rules for traumatic cardiopulmonary arrest (TCPA) have been proposed by the National Association Emergency Medical Physicians (NAEMSP) and the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACSCOT) for a decade. However, validation studies from United Kingdom and Australia produced conflicting results. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of TOR rules for TCPA in an Asian metropolitan area. Methods: We analyzed data from an Utstein registry system of adult patients with TCPA in Taipei to test the performance of the first guiding criteria of TOR for TCPA: blunt trauma patient found in asystole upon the arrival of emergency medical service (EMS) at the scene. Predictive outcome was in-hospital death. Test statistics including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV), and decreased transport rate (DTR) were calculated. Results: From Jan 1, 2008 to Dec 31, 2009, there were 328 adult patients with TCPA. The mechanism was blunt trauma in 155 (47.3%), penetrating trauma in 106 (32.3%) and uncertain in 106 (32.3%), and mechanisms were 155 (47.3%), 106 (32.3%), and 67 (20.4%). The presenting rhythm was asystole in 54/155 (34.8%) of blunt trauma, 57/107(53.3%) of penetrating trauma, and 28/67 (41.8%) of uncertain mechanism. Overall survival rate of TCPA (to hospital discharge) were 11/328 (3.4%). For those with blunt trauma, only 4 survived to hospital discharge (2.6%). The test statistics of the first guiding criteria (i.e. patients with blunt trauma and asystole) and sensitivity analysis by categorizing uncertain mechanism as blunt trauma were presented in the Table. Conclusion: Application of the first rule of thumb proposed by NAEMSP and ACSCOT for adult patients with TCPA can accurately identify non-survivors (100% PPV and 100% specificity) and decrease unnecessary EMS transports (16.5%~25.0%) in an Asian Metropolitan area.
Diagnostics in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia: a consensus statement of the European Consortium for Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Irene Dogliotti, Cristina Jiménez, Marzia Varettoni, Dipti Talaulikar, Tina Bagratuni, Martina Ferrante, José Pérez, Daniela Drandi, Noemí Puig, Milena Gilestro, María García-Álvarez, Roger Owen, Wojciech Jurczak, Alessandra Tedeschi, Veronique Leblond, Efstathios Kastritis, Marie José Kersten, Shirley D’Sa, Michal Kaščák, Wolfgang Willenbacher, Aldo M. Roccaro, Stephanie Poulain, Pierre Morel, Charalampia Kyriakou, Falko Fend, Josephine M. I. Vos, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Christian Buske, Simone Ferrero, Ramón García-Sanz
Journal: Leukemia (2022)

The diagnosis of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM), an IgM-associated lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, can be challenging due to the different forms of disease presentation. Furthermore, in recent years, WM has witnessed remarkable progress on the diagnostic front, as well as a deeper understanding of the disease biology, which has affected clinical practice. This, together with the increasing variety of tools and techniques available, makes it necessary to have a practical guidance for clinicians to perform the initial evaluation of patients with WM. In this paper, we present the consensus recommendations and laboratory requirements for the diagnosis of WM developed by the European Consortium of Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia (ECWM), for both clinical practice as well as the research/academical setting. We provide the procedures for multiparametric flow cytometry, fluorescence in situ hybridization and molecular tests, and with this offer guidance for a standardized diagnostic work-up and methodological workflow of patients with IgM monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance, asymptomatic and symptomatic WM.
Prognostic implications of mono-hit and multi-hit TP53 alterations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and higher risk myelodysplastic syndromes treated with azacitidine-based therapy
Authors: Amer M. Zeidan, Jan Philipp Bewersdorf, Vanessa Hasle, Rory M. Shallis, Ethan Thompson, Daniel Lopes de Menezes, Shelonidta Rose, Isaac Boss, Stephanie Halene, Torsten Haferlach, Brian Fox
Journal: Leukemia (2022)
The ENL YEATS epigenetic reader domain critically links MLL-ENL to leukemic stem cell frequency in t(11;19) Leukemia
Authors: Hsiangyu Hu, Nirmalya Saha, Yuting Yang, Ejaz Ahmad, Lauren Lachowski, Uttar Shrestha, Vidhya Premkumar, James Ropa, Lili Chen, Blaine Teahan, Sierrah Grigsby, Rolf Marschalek, Zaneta Nikolovska-Coleska, Andrew G. Muntean
Journal: Leukemia (2022)
Goals, usefulness and abstraction in value-based choice
Authors: Benedetto De Martino, Aurelio Cortese
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2022)

Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar, while on the run, purportedly burned two million dollars in banknotes to keep his daughter warm. A stark reminder that, in life, circumstances and goals can quickly change, forcing us to reassess and modify our values on-the-fly. Studies in decision-making and neuroeconomics have often implicitly equated value to reward, emphasising the hedonic and automatic aspect of the value computation, while overlooking its functional (concept-like) nature. Here we outline the computational and biological principles that enable the brain to compute the usefulness of an option or action by creating abstractions that flexibly adapt to changing goals. We present different algorithmic architectures, comparing ideas from artificial intelligence (AI) and cognitive neuroscience with psychological theories and, when possible, drawing parallels.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy status improves adjuvant therapy decision-making in patients with clinical stage IIB/C melanoma: A population-based analysis
Authors: Cimarron E. Sharon, Richard J. Straker, Phyllis A. Gimotty, Emily Y. Chu, Tara C. Mitchell, John T. Miura, Michael A. Marchetti, Edmund K. Bartlett, Giorgos C. Karakousis
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2022)
Findings From Severe Maternal Morbidity Surveillance and Review in Maryland
Authors: Carrie Wolfson, Jiage Qian, Pamela Chin, Cathy Downey, Katie Jo Mattingly, Kimberly Jones-Beatty, Joanne Olaku, Sadaf Qureshi, Jane Rhule, Danielle Silldorff, Robert Atlas, Anne Banfield, Clark T. Johnson, Donna Neale, Jeanne S. Sheffield, David Silverman, Kacie McLaughlin, Güneş Koru, Andreea A. Creanga
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance In the US, more than 50 000 women experience severe maternal morbidity (SMM) each year, and the SMM rate more than doubled during the past 25 years. In response, professional organizations called for birthing facilities to routinely identify and review SMM events and identify prevention opportunities. Objective To examine SMM levels, primary causes, and factors associated with the preventability of SMM using Maryland’s SMM surveillance and review program. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study included pregnant and postpartum patients at 42 days or less after delivery who were hospitalized at 1 of 6 birthing hospitals in Maryland between August 1, 2020, and November 30, 2021. Hospital-based SMM surveillance was conducted through a detailed review of medical records. Exposures Hospitalization during pregnancy or within 42 days post partum. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were admission to an intensive care unit, having at least 4 U of red blood cells transfused, and/or having COVID-19 infection requiring inpatient hospital care. Results A total of 192 SMM events were identified and reviewed. Patients with SMM had a mean [SD] age of 31 [6.49] years; 9 [4.7%] were Asian, 27 [14.1%] were Hispanic, 83 [43.2%] were non-Hispanic Black, and 68 [35.4%] were non-Hispanic White. Obstetric hemorrhage was the leading primary cause of SMM (83 [43.2%]), followed by COVID-19 infection (57 [29.7%]) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (17 [8.9%]). The SMM rate was highest among Hispanic patients (154.9 per 10 000 deliveries), primarily driven by COVID-19 infection. The rate of SMM among non-Hispanic Black patients was nearly 50% higher than for non-Hispanic White patients (119.9 vs 65.7 per 10 000 deliveries). The SMM outcome assessed could have been prevented in 61 events (31.8%). Clinician-level factors and interventions in the antepartum period were most frequently cited as potentially altering the SMM outcome. Practices that were performed well most often pertained to hospitals’ readiness and adequate response to managing pregnancy complications. Recommendations for care improvement focused mainly on timely recognition and rapid response to such. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cross-sectional study, which used hospital-based SMM surveillance and review beyond the mere exploration of administrative data, offers opportunities for identifying valuable quality improvement strategies to reduce SMM. Immediate strategies to reduce SMM in Maryland should target its most common causes and address factors associated with preventability identified at individual hospitals.
Understanding Uptake and Experience of Interpreting Services in Primary Care in a South Asian Population in the UK
Authors: Katriina L. Whitaker, Demi Krystallidou, Emily D. Williams, Georgia Black, Cecilia Vindrola-Padros, Paramjit Gill, Sabine Braun
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

This cross-sectional study addresses the evidence gap in uptake of interpretation services and patient experiences among a South Asian population in the UK without English language proficiency.
Analysis of Cardiovascular Complications During Delivery Admissions Among Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, 2004-2019
Authors: Salman Zahid, Mohamed S. Mohamed, Heba Wassif, Noreen T. Nazir, Sadiya S. Khan, Erin D. Michos
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance Individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an increased risk of pregnancy-related complications. However, data on acute cardiovascular complications during delivery admissions remain limited. Objective To investigate whether SLE is associated with an increased risk of acute peripartum cardiovascular complications during delivery hospitalization among individuals giving birth. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the National Inpatient Sample (2004-2019) by using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification ( ICD-9-CM ) or International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification ( ICD-10-CM ) codes to identify delivery hospitalizations among birthing individuals with a diagnosis of SLE. A multivariable logistic regression model was developed to report an adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the association between SLE and acute peripartum cardiovascular complications. Data were analyzed from May 1 through September 1, 2022. Exposure Diagnosed SLE. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary study end points were preeclampsia, peripartum cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. Secondary end points included ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, pulmonary edema, cardiac arrhythmias, acute kidney injury (AKI), venous thromboembolism (VTE), length of stay, and cost of hospitalization. Results A total of 63 115 002 weighted delivery hospitalizations (median [IQR] age, 28 [24-32] years; all were female patients) were identified, of which 77 560 hospitalizations (0.1%) were among individuals with SLE and 63 037 442 hospitalizations (99.9%) were among those without SLE. After adjustment for age, race and ethnicity, comorbidities, insurance, and income level, SLE remained an independent risk factor associated with peripartum cardiovascular complications, including preeclampsia (adjusted OR [aOR], 2.12; 95% CI, 2.07-2.17), peripartum cardiomyopathy (aOR, 4.42; 95% CI, 3.79-5.13), heart failure (aOR, 4.06; 95% CI, 3.61-4.57), cardiac arrhythmias (aOR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.94-2.21), AKI (aOR, 7.66; 95% CI, 7.06-8.32), stroke (aOR, 4.83; 95% CI, 4.18-5.57), and VTE (aOR, 6.90; 95% CI, 6.11-7.80). For resource use, median (IQR) length of stay (3 [2-4] days vs 2 [2-3] days; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) and cost of hospitalization ($4953 [$3305-$7517] vs $3722 [$2606-$5400]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) were higher for deliveries among individuals with SLE. Conclusions and Relevance This study found that SLE was associated with increased risk of complications, including preeclampsia, peripartum cardiomyopathy, heart failure, arrhythmias, AKI, stroke, and VTE during delivery hospitalization and an increased length and cost of hospitalization.
Treatment Sequencing Patterns and Associated Direct Medical Costs of Metastatic Breast Cancer Care in the United States, 2011 to 2021
Authors: Rachel Jaber Chehayeb, Annette Hood, Xiaoliang Wang, Rebecca Miksad, Sarah Schellhorn Mougalian, Maryam B. Lustberg, Shi-Yi Wang, Rachel A. Greenup, Lajos Pusztai, Natalia Kunst
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Advances in treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) led to changes in clinical practice and treatment costs in the US over the past decade. There is limited information on current MBC treatment sequences and associated costs by MBC subtype in the US.To identify treatment patterns by MBC subtype and associated anticancer and supportive drug costs from health care sector and Medicare perspectives.This economic evaluation analyzed data of patients with MBC obtained from the nationwide Flatiron Health database, an electronic health record-derived, deidentified database with data from community and academic practices across the US from 2011 to 2021. Participants included women aged at least 18 years diagnosed with MBC, who had at least 6 months of follow-up data, known hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2) receptor status, and at least 1 documented line of therapy. Patients with documented receipt of clinical study drugs were excluded. Data were analyzed from June 2021 to May 2022.Outcomes of interest were frequency of different drug regimens received as a line of therapy by subtype for the first 5 lines and mean medical costs of documented anticancer treatment and supportive care drugs per patient by MBC subtype and years since metastatic diagnosis, indexed to 2021 US dollars.Among 15 215 patients (10 171 patients [66.85%] with HR-positive and ERBB2-negative MBC; 2785 patients [18.30%] with HR-positive and ERBB2-positive MBC; 802 patients [5.27%] with HR-negative and ERBB2-positive MBC; 1457 patients [9.58%] with triple-negative breast cancer [TNBC]) who met eligibility criteria, 1777 (11.68%) were African American, 363 (2.39%) were Asian, and 9800 (64.41%) were White; the median (range) age was 64 (21-84) years. The mean total per-patient treatment and supportive care drug cost using publicly available Medicare prices was $334 812 for patients with HR-positive and ERBB2-positive MBC, $284 609 for patients with HR-negative and ERBB2-positive MBC, $104 774 for patients with HR-positive and ERBB2-negative MBC, and $54 355 for patients with TNBC. From 2011 to 2019 (most recent complete year 1 data are for patients diagnosed in 2019), annual costs in year 1 increased from $12 986 to $80 563 for ERBB2-negative and HR-positive MBC, $99 997 to $156 712 for ERBB2-positive and HR-positive MBC, and $31 397 to $53 775 for TNBC.This economic evaluation found that drug costs related to MBC treatment increased between 2011 and 2021 and differed by tumor subtype. These findings suggest the growing financial burden of MBC treatment in the US and highlights the importance of performing more accurate cost-effectiveness analysis of novel adjuvant therapies that aim to reduce metastatic recurrence rates for early-stage breast cancer.
Poverty, Cortical Structure, and Psychopathologic Characteristics in Adolescence
Authors: Hannah H. Kim, Katie A. McLaughlin, Lori B. Chibnik, Karestan C. Koenen, Henning Tiemeier
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Childhood poverty has been associated with increased internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescence, a period of peak onset for psychiatric problems. The underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear because longitudinal studies of poverty, brain structure, and changes in psychiatric symptoms are lacking.To examine whether structural differences in cortical regions mediate the association between household poverty and change in psychiatric symptoms in early adolescence.This longitudinal cohort study used baseline and 1-year follow-up data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Children aged 9 to 10 years in the US were enrolled between September 1, 2016, and October 15, 2018. Data analysis was performed from August 13, 2021, to September 30, 2022.Household poverty as measured by income-to-needs ratio, which incorporates family income and adjusts for family size as a percentage of the federal poverty level.Mediators were children's cortical surface area, thickness, and volume, obtained using magnetic resonance imaging. Internalizing and externalizing problems at 1-year follow-up were outcomes measured by maternal report using the Child Behavior Checklist. Analyses were adjusted for baseline psychiatric problems and sociodemographic variables, including sex, race and ethnicity, parental educational level, and study site.Of the 7569 children (mean [SD] age, 9.91 [0.62] years; 3970 boys [52.5%]) included in the analysis, 1042 children (13.8%) lived below the poverty threshold between 2016 and 2018. Poverty was associated with increased externalizing symptoms score at 1-year follow-up (b = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.14-1.99), even after adjustment for baseline externalizing symptoms (b = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.06-0.64). The longitudinal associations of poverty with increases in externalizing problems over time were mediated by reductions in surface area in multiple cortical regions that support executive functioning (middle frontal gyrus), decision-making (lateral orbitofrontal cortex), visual processing (fusiform gyrus), auditory processing (transverse temporal gyrus), and emotion and language processing (superior temporal gyrus).The findings of this study suggest that childhood poverty is associated with increases in externalizing problems, but not internalizing problems, over time in early adolescence. This association is mediated by reductions in cortical surface area across numerous brain regions. These findings highlight potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying the link between poverty and the emergence of externalizing problems during early adolescence.
Firearm Injuries Are a Critical Driver of Health Disparities in the United States
Authors: Michelle Degli Esposti, Hsing-Fang Hsieh, Jason E. Goldstick
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Chris A. Rees, MD, MPH; Michael C. Monuteaux, ScD; Isabella Steidley; Rebekah Mannix, MD, MPH; Lois K. Lee, MD, MPH; Jefferson T. Barrett, MD, MPH; Eric W. Fleegler, MD, MPH
Active vs Traditional Methods of Recruiting Children for a Clinical Trial in Rural Primary Care Clinics
Authors: Paul M. Darden, Ann M. Davis, Jeannette Y. Lee, Milan Bimali, Alan E. Simon, Andrew M. Atz, Crystal S. Lim, Thao-Ly T. Phan, James R. Roberts, Russell J. McCulloh, Lee Pyles, Michelle Shaffer, Jessica N. Snowden
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance To our knowledge, there are no published randomized clinical trials of recruitment strategies. Rigorously evaluated successful recruitment strategies for children are needed. Objective To evaluate the feasibility of 2 recruitment methods for enrolling rural children through primary care clinics to assess whether either or both methods are sufficiently effective for enrolling participants into a clinical trial of a behavioral telehealth intervention for children with overweight or obesity. Design, Setting, and Participants This cluster-randomized clinical trial of 2 recruitment methods was conducted at 4 primary care clinics in 4 separate states. Each clinic used both recruitment methods in random order. Clinic eligibility criteria included at least 40% pediatric patients with Medicaid coverage and at least 100 potential participants. Eligibility criteria for children included a rural home address, age 6 to 11 years, and body mass index at or above the 85th percentile. Recruitment began February 3, 2020, and randomization of participants occurred on August 17, 2020. Data were analyzed from October 3, 2021, to April 21, 2022. Interventions Two recruitment methods were assessed: the active method, for which a list of potential participants seen within the past year at each clinic was generated through the electronic health record and consecutively approached by research staff based on visit date to the clinic, and the traditional method, for which recruitment included posters, flyers, social media, and press release. Clinics were randomized to the order in which the 2 methods were implemented in 4-week periods, followed by a 4-week catch-up period using the method found most effective in previous periods. Main Outcomes and Measures For each recruitment method, the number and proportion of randomized children among those who were approached was calculated. Results A total of 104 participants were randomized (58 girls [55.8%]; mean age, 9.3 [95% CI, 9.0-9.6] years). Using the active method, 535 child-parent dyads were approached and 99 (18.5% [95% CI, 15.3%-22.1%]) were randomized. Using the traditional method, 23 caregivers expressed interest, and 5 (21.7% [95% CI, 7.5%-43.7%]) were randomized. All sites reached full enrollment using the active method and no sites achieved full enrollment using the traditional method. Mean time to full enrollment was 26.3 (range, 21.0-31.0) days. Conclusions and Relevance This study supports the use of the active approach with local primary care clinics to recruit children with overweight and obesity from rural communities into clinical trials. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04142034