tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Whole-genome sequencing reveals widespread presence of Staphylococcus capitis NRCS-A clone in neonatal units across the United Kingdom
Authors: Yu Wan, Mark Ganner, Zaynab Mumin, Derren Ready, Ginny Moore, Isabelle Potterill, Karthik Paranthaman, Elita Jauneikaite, Bharat Patel, Alessandra Harley, Maria Getino, Colin S. Brown, Alicia Demirjian, Bruno Pichon
Journal: Journal of Infection (2023)

ObjectiveIncreased incidence of neonatal Staphylococcus capitis bacteraemia in summer 2020, London, raised suspicion of widespread multidrug-resistant clone NRCS-A. We set out to investigate the molecular epidemiology of this clone in neonatal units (NNUs) across the UK.MethodsWe conducted whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on presumptive S. capitis NRCS-A isolates collected from infants admitted to NNUs and from environmental sampling in two distinct NNUs in 2021. Previously published S. capitis genomes were added for comparison. Genetic clusters of NRCS-A isolates were defined based on core-genome single-nucleotide polymorphisms.ResultsWe analysed WGS data of 838 S. capitis isolates and identified 750 NRCS-A isolates. We discovered a possible UK-specific NRCS-A lineage consisting of 611 isolates collected between 2005–2021. We determined 28 genetic clusters of NRCS-A isolates, which covered all geographical regions in the UK, and isolates of 19 genetic clusters were found in ≥2 regions, suggesting inter-regional spread. Within the NRCS-A clone, strong genetic relatedness was identified between contemporary clinical and incubator-associated fomite isolates and between clinical isolates associated with inter-hospital infant transfer.ConclusionsThis WGS-based study confirms the dispersion of S. capitis NRCS-A clone amongst NNUs across the UK and urges research on improving clinical management of neonatal S. capitis infection.
Entrapment Neuropathies of the Upper Extremities
Authors: David M. Dawson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Numbness, painful tingling, or weakness may be the result of the entrapment of a peripheral nerve. These problems are encountered by medical providers of all types, and although common, they often lead to diagnostic and management difficulties. This review covers entrapment of three nerves at three sites. The pathophysiology of each of these syndromes is different, and there are corresponding differences in management. Several recent monographs provide further details14.Carpal Tunnel SyndromeClinical FeaturesCarpal tunnel syndrome is produced by compression of the median nerve at the wrist (Figure 1). Affected patients report numbness, tingling, and pain in . . .
Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 ameliorates kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury by reducing succinate accumulation during ischemia and preserving mitochondrial function during reperfusion
Authors: Chang Joo Oh, Min-Ji Kim, Ji-Min Lee, Dong Hun Kim, Il-Young Kim, Sanghee Park, Yeongmin Kim, Kyung-Bok Lee, Sang-Hee Lee, Chae Won Lim, Myeongjin Kim, Jung-Yi Lee, Haushabhau S. Pagire, Suvarna H. Pagire, Myung Ae Bae, Dipanjan Chanda, Themis Thoudam, Ah Reum Khang, Robert A. Harris, Jin Hee Ahn, Jae-Han Jeon, In-Kyu Lee
Journal: Kidney International (2023)
Niraparib plus abiraterone acetate with prednisone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and homologous recombination repair gene alterations: second interim analysis of the randomized phase III MAGNITUDE trial
Authors: K.N. Chi, S. Sandhu, M.R. Smith, G. Attard, M. Saad, D. Olmos, E. Castro, G. Roubaud, A.J. Pereira de Santana Gomes, E.J. Small, D.E. Rathkopf, H. Gurney, W. Jung, G.E. Mason, S. Dibaj, D. Wu, B. Diorio, K. Urtishak, A. del Corral, P. Francis, W. Kim, E. Efstathiou
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2023)

Patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and BRCA alterations have poor outcomes. MAGNITUDE found patients with homologous recombination repair gene alterations (HRR+), particularly BRCA1/2, benefit from first-line therapy with niraparib plus abiraterone acetate and prednisone (AAP). Here we report longer follow-up from the second prespecified interim analysis (IA2).
Protection against COVID-19 hospitalisation conferred by primary-series vaccination with AZD1222 in non-boosted individuals: first vaccine effectiveness results of the European COVIDRIVE study and meta-regression analysis
Authors: Wilhelmine Meeraus, Leonie de Munter, Christen M. Gray, Akshat Dwivedi, Chloé Wyndham-Thomas, Mario Ouwens, Wendy Hartig-Merkel, Laura Drikite, Griet Rebry, Antonio Carmona, Anke L. Stuurman, Thi Yen Chi Nguyen, Guillermo Mena, Ainara Mira-Iglesias, Giancarlo Icardi, Susana Otero-Romero, Sebastian Baumgartner, Charlotte Martin, Sylvia Taylor, Kaatje Bollaerts
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2023)

Vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies with long-term follow-up are needed to understand durability of protection against severe COVID-19 outcomes conferred by primary-series vaccination in individuals not receiving boosters. COVIDRIVE is a European public-private partnership evaluating brand-specific vaccine effectiveness (VE). We report a prespecified interim analysis of primary-series AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) VE.Seven Study Contributors in Europe collected data on individuals aged ≥18 years who were hospitalised with severe acute respiratory infection (June 1st, 2021-September 5th, 2022) and eligible for COVID-19 vaccination prior to hospitalisation. In this test-negative case-control study, individuals were defined as test-positive cases or test-negative controls (SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR) and were either fully vaccinated (two AZD1222 doses, 4-12 weeks apart, completed ≥14 days prior to symptom onset; no booster doses) or unvaccinated (no COVID-19 vaccine prior to hospitalisation). The primary objective was to estimate AZD1222 VE against COVID-19 hospitalisation. A literature review and meta-regression were conducted to contextualise findings on durability of protection.761 individuals were included during the 15-month analysis period. Overall AZD1222 VE estimate was 72.8% (95% CI, 53.4-84.1). VE was 93.8% (48.6-99.3) in participants who received second AZD1222 doses ≤8 weeks prior to hospitalisation, with spline-based VE estimates demonstrating protection (VE ≥ 50%) 30 weeks post-second dose. Meta-regression analysis (data from seven publications) showed consistent results, with ≥80% protection against COVID-19 hospitalisation through ∼43 weeks post-second dose, with some degree of waning.Primary-series AZD1222 vaccination confers protection against COVID-19 hospitalisation with enduring levels of VE through ≥6 months.AstraZeneca.
PEPFAR at 20 — A Game-Changing Impact on HIV in Africa
Authors: Jean B. Nachega, David Serwadda, Alash’le Abimiku, Izukanji Sikazwe, Quarraisha Abdool Karim
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

Interview with Jean Nachega on PEPFAR's achievements and remaining challenges in HIV prevention and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa. (06:37)Download The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief has driven enormous gains in HIV treatment and prevention. But challenges associated with addressing HIV/AIDS in Africa remain.
Wargaming cancer: a strategy for future precision oncology?
Authors: Tony Ingesson, David Gisselsson
Journal: Trends in cancer (2023)

Development of drug resistance is a mounting problem in precision oncology, demanding a rethink of treatment strategy. Here, we apply concepts from military theory and espionage to the battle-like dynamics between cancer and its host, thereby identifying system vulnerabilities in cancer and ways of tricking cancer evolution into dead ends.
A Molecular Switch‐Integrated Nanoplatform Enables Photo‐Unlocked Antibacterial Drug Delivery for Synergistic Abscess Therapy
Authors: Yunxiang Yan, Yong Liu, Juanjuan Li, Ye Li, Haoheng Wu, Hong Li, Xiang Ma, Yanqiong Tang, Yuan Tong, Kexian Yi, Quanfeng Liang, Zhu Liu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Drug delivery systems (DDSs) capable of sequential multistage drug release are urgently needed for antibacterial applications. Herein, a molecular switch‐integrated, photo‐responsive nanoplatform is reported based on hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres (HMSN) loaded with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), vancomycin (Van), and hemin (HAVH) for bacteria elimination and abscess therapy. Upon near‐infrared (NIR) light irradiation, the molecular switch, hemin, can effuse from the mesopores of HMSN, triggering the release of pre‐loaded Ag + and Van, which enables photothermal‐modulated drug release and synergistic photothermal‐chemo therapy (PTT‐CHT). The HAVH_NIR irreversibly disrupts the bacterial cell membrane, facilitating the penetration of Ag + and Van. It is found that these compounds restrain the transcription and translation of ribosomes and lead to rapid bacterial death. Furthermore, hemin can effectively inhibit excessive inflammatory responses associated with the treatment, promoting accelerated wound healing in a murine abscess model. This work presents a new strategy for antibacterial drug delivery with high controllability and extendibility, which may benefit the development of smart multifunctional nanomedicine for diseases not limited to bacterial infections.
A Dual Stimuli‐Responsive Nanoplatform Loaded Pt<sup>IV</sup>‐Triptolide Prodrug for Achieving Synergistic Therapy toward Breast Cancer
Authors: Kang Fang, Yanting Sun, Jingxian Yang, Xiaochun Hu, Mengyao Chen, Ruihao Li, Xinda Yang, Ting Fan, Junjie Wu, Xiaohan Tong, Chunyan Dong, Shuo Shi
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract To strengthen the antitumor efficacy and avoid toxicity to normal cells of cisplatin and triptolide, herein, an acid and glutathione (GSH) dual‐controlled nanoplatform for enhanced cancer treatment through the synergy of both “1+1” apoptosis and “1+1” ferroptosis is designed. Remarkably, ZIF8 in response to tumor microenvironment enhances drug targeting and protects drugs from premature degradation. Meanwhile, the Pt IV center can be easily reduced to cisplatin because of the large amount of GSH, thus liberating the triptolide as the coordinated ligand. The released cisplatin and hemin in turn boost the tumor cell “1+1” apoptosis through chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy, respectively. Furthermore, GSH reduction through Pt IV weakens the activation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) effectively. The released triptolide can inhibit the expressions of GSH by regulating nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), further promoting membrane lipid peroxidation, thus “1+1” ferroptosis can be achieved. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the nanosystem can not only perform superior specificity and therapeutic outcomes but also reduce the toxicity to normal cells/tissues of cisplatin and triptolide effectively. Overall, the prodrug‐based smart system provides an efficient therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment by virtue of the effect of enhanced “1+1” apoptosis and “1+1” ferroptosis therapies.
PHF6 maintains acute myeloid leukemia via regulating NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Shuaibing Hou, Xiaomin Wang, Tengxiao Guo, Yanjie Lan, Shengnan Yuan, Shuang Yang, Fei Zhao, Aizhong Fang, Na Liu, Wanzhu Yang, Yajing Chu, Erlie Jiang, Tao Cheng, Xiaojian Sun, Weiping Yuan
Journal: Leukemia (2023)

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a major hematopoietic malignancy characterized by the accumulation of immature and abnormally differentiated myeloid cells in bone marrow. Here with in vivo and in vitro models, we demonstrate that the Plant homeodomain finger gene 6 (PHF6) plays an important role in apoptosis and proliferation in myeloid leukemia. Phf6 deficiency could delay the progression of RUNX1-ETO9a and MLL-AF9-induced AML in mice. PHF6 depletion inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathways by disrupting the PHF6-p50 complex and partially inhibiting the nuclear translocation of p50 to suppress the expression of BCL2. Treating PHF6 over-expressed myeloid leukemia cells with NF-κB inhibitor (BAY11-7082) significantly increased their apoptosis and decreased their proliferation. Taken together, in contrast to PHF6 as a tumor suppressor in T-ALL as reported, we found that PHF6 also plays a pro-oncogenic role in myeloid leukemia, and thus potentially to be a therapeutic target for treating myeloid leukemia patients.
Needle in a haystack or elephant in the room? Identifying germline predisposition syndromes in the setting of a new myeloid malignancy diagnosis
Authors: Erica F. Reinig, Jeremy D. Rubinstein, Apoorva T. Patil, Amanda L. Schussman, Vanessa L. Horner, Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna, Jane E. Churpek, Daniel R. Matson
Journal: Leukemia (2023)
Pharmacological GLUT3 salvage augments the efficacy of vitamin C-induced TET2 restoration in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Jun Liu, Suji Min, Dongchan Kim, Jihyun Park, Eunchae Park, Shanshan Pei, Youngil Koh, Dong-Yeop Shin, Ja Min Byun, Myunggon Ko, Sung-Soo Yoon, Junshik Hong
Journal: Leukemia (2023)
Etiopathogenesis of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO)
Authors: Mohammad Javed Ali
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2023)

Primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction, or PANDO, is a common adult lacrimal drainage disorder. The current treatment modality of dacryocystorhinostomy to bypass the obstructed nasolacrimal duct has excellent outcomes. However, the understanding of the disease etiopathogenesis needs to be revised. There are not many studies that specifically assessed any hypothesis or ones that convincingly put forth the presumed or confirmed interpretations regarding the PANDO pathogenesis or the mechanisms or pathways involved therein. Histopathological evidence points to recurrent inflammation of the nasolacrimal duct, subsequent fibrosis, and the resultant obstruction. The disease etiopathogenesis is considered multifactorial. Several implicated suspects include anatomical narrowing of the bony nasolacrimal duct, vascular factors, local hormonal imbalance, microbial influence, nasal abnormalities, autonomic dysregulation, surfactants, lysosomal dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux, tear proteins, and deranged local host defenses. The present work reviewed the literature on the etiopathogenesis of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) to gain insights into the present state of the understanding and the high-value translational implications of precisely decoding the disease etiology.
Lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis: Results from a national cohort
Authors: A.C. Duarte, B.M. Fernandes, M. Bernardes, C. Tenazinha, P. Martins, C. Mazeda, B. Mendes, F. Guimarães, L. Gago, A.M. Correia, A. Valido, L. Silva, L. Brites, T. Meirinhos, F. Araújo, P. Nero, M. Cruz, L. Teixeira, M.J. Santos
Journal: Pulmonology (2023)
Technological features of smartphone apps for physical activity promotion in patients with COPD: A systematic review
Authors: J. Silva, N. Hipólito, P. Machado, S. Flora, J. Cruz
Journal: Pulmonology (2023)

Low physical activity (PA) levels have a negative impact on the health status of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Smartphone applications (apps) focused on PA promotion may mitigate this problem; however, their effectiveness depends on patient adherence, which can be influenced by the technological features of the apps. This systematic review identified the technological features of smartphone apps aiming to promote PA in patients with COPD. A literature search was performed in the databases ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Papers including the description of a smartphone app for PA promotion in patients with COPD were included. Two researchers independently selected studies and scored the apps features based on a previously developed framework (38 possible features). Twenty-three studies were included and 19 apps identified, with an average of 10 technological features implemented. Eight apps could be connected to wearables to collect data. The categories 'Measuring and monitoring' and 'Support and Feedback' were present in all apps. Overall, the most implemented features were 'progress in visual format' (n = 13), 'advice on PA' (n = 14) and 'data in visual format' (n = 10). Only three apps included social features, and two included a web-based version of the app. The existing smartphone apps include a relatively small number of features to promote PA, which are mostly related to monitoring and providing feedback. Further research is warranted to explore the relationship between the presence/absence of specific features and the impact of interventions on patients' PA levels.
Color appearance and the end of Hering’s Opponent-Colors Theory
Authors: Bevil R. Conway, Saima Malik-Moraleda, Edward Gibson
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2023)

Hering's Opponent-Colors Theory has been central to understanding color appearance for 150 years. It aims to explain the phenomenology of colors with two linked propositions. First, a psychological hypothesis stipulates that any color is described necessarily and sufficiently by the extent to which it appears reddish-versus-greenish, bluish-versus-yellowish, and blackish-versus-whitish. Second, a physiological hypothesis stipulates that these perceptual mechanisms are encoded by three innate brain mechanisms. We review the evidence and conclude that neither side of the linking proposition is accurate: the theory is wrong. We sketch out an alternative, Utility-Based Coding, by which the known retinal cone-opponent mechanisms represent optimal encoding of spectral information given competing selective pressure to extract high-acuity spatial information; and phenomenological color categories represent an adaptive, efficient, output of the brain governed by behavioral demands.
Smart Nanozymes for Cancer Therapy: The Next Frontier in Oncology
Authors: Navya P. N., Sunil Mehla, Amrin Begum, Harit K. Chaturvedi, Ruchika Ojha, Christian Hartinger, Magdalena Plebanski, Suresh K. Bhargava
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Nanomaterials that mimic the catalytic activity of natural enzymes in the complex biological environment of the human body are called nanozymes. Recently, nanozyme systems have been reported with diagnostic, imaging, and/or therapeutic capabilities. Smart nanozymes strategically exploit the tumor microenvironment (TME) by the in situ generation of reactive species or by the modulation of the TME itself to result in effective cancer therapy. This topical review focuses on such smart nanozymes for cancer diagnosis, and therapy modalities with enhanced therapeutic effects. The dominant factors that guide the rational design and synthesis of nanozymes for cancer therapy include an understanding of the dynamic TME, structure-activity relationships, surface chemistry for imparting selectivity, and site-specific therapy, and stimulus-responsive modulation of nanozyme activity. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the subject including the diverse catalytic mechanisms of different types of nanozyme systems, an overview of the TME, cancer diagnosis, and synergistic cancer therapies. The strategic application of nanozymes in cancer treatment can well be a game changer in future oncology. Moreover, recent developments may pave the way for the deployment of nanozyme therapy into other complex healthcare challenges, such as genetic diseases, immune disorders, and ageing.
P-204 DPYD gene variants and chemotherapy-induced toxicity in Omani patients with gastrointestinal tumors
Authors: A. Ghoche, S. Al Zadjali, R. Omar, A. Osman, H. Al Barwani, N. Al Mahrouqi, A. Al Fahdi, A. Al Yahyaee, A. Garcia, M. Al Moundhri
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2023)
P-115 Cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis: The experience in a tertiary university hospital
Authors: J. Chamorro Perez, D. Rosero Rodríguez, P. Reguera Puertas, M. Delfrade, R. Fuentes Mateos, F. Longo, C. Guillén-Ponce, V. López Gómez, M. Rodriguez Garrote, E. Canales Lachen, J. Galindo López, M. Cuadrado Ayuso, J. Pozas, V. Albarrán Fernandez, M. Gil, V. Alía Navarro, P. Sotoca Rubio, A. Barrill Corpa, P. Garrido, R. Ferreiro Monteagudo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2023)
PD-5 MONEO: Phase II study of avelumab (Av) plus FLOT in the peri-operative treatment for patients (pts) with resectable gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC)
Authors: M. Alsina, M. Ponz-Sarvise, D. Lopez Garcia, G. Villacampa, C. De Andrea, C. Ochoa, A. López-Janeiro, P. Jiménez-Fonseca, V. Arrazubi, M. Díez García, E. Sanz-García, E. Martinez de Castro, R. Guardeño Sanchez, M. Calvo Campos, C. Bugés Sánchez, F. Longo, V. Navarro, A. Gros, A. Vivancos, J. Tabernero, S. Muñoz, I. Melero
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2023)
P-105 COLSTAR study: Safety data on the first cohort of patients from the safety lead-in part of the study
Authors: F. Ciardiello, T. Yoshino, D. Modest, L. Martin, N. Amellal, L. Roby, H. Prenen, D. Kotani, Z. Horváth, P. Árkosy, B. Estfan, T. Alanko, J. Tabernero
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2023)
SO-19 The outcome of resected stage II colon cancer patients with deficient mismatch repair T4 tumors: A National Cancer Database analysis
Authors: F. Ahmed, J. Selfridge, H. Kakish, D. Bajor, A. Mohamed, L. Ocuin, J. Miller-Ocuin, R. Hoehn, A. Mahipal, S. Chakrabarti
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2023)
P-402 Six-months CA19.9 velocity as a predictive factor for relapse-free survival after curative pancreasectomy in pancreatic cancer
Authors: S. Cesario, L. Bernardini, M. Caccese, F. Salani, V. Massa, V. Genovesi, J. Graziani, D. Berra, G. Grelli, L. Bartalini, L. Fornaro, E. Vasile, G. Masi, C. Vivaldi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2023)
P-293 A single institution experience of SBRT treatment for liver metastases and primary liver tumours
Authors: I. Oblak, A. Secerov-Ermenc, D. Grabec, N. Boc, A. Jeromen Peressutti, P. Korosec, G. Praprotnik, V. Zager Marcius
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2023)
P-376 CoVigi phase IV multicentric trial evaluating COVID-19 vaccination effectiveness, safety, and immune response dynamics: SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and T-cell response focused on patients with gastrointestinal tumors
Authors: R. Obermannová, I. Selingerova, R. Demlova, D. Valik, L. Zdražilová-Dubská, I. Kiss
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2023)
P-399 Role of Ki67 expression as a prognostic marker in advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: D. Wider, S. Ben Nasr, F. Letaief-Ksontini, M. Ardhaoui, I. Ben Ayed, A. Jaballah-Gabteni, H. Yaïche, N. Ben Jemii, E. Fehri, S. Boubaker, H. Guettiti Tounsi-Kettiti
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2023)
PD-19 Finnish population-based metastatic colorectal cancer data collection study – comparison with the prospective RAXO study
Authors: E. Heervä, A. Ristimäki, S. Kytölä, P. Halonen, L. Soveri, T. Salminen, A. Ålgars, R. Ristamäki, H. Stedt, A. Lamminmäki, R. Kallio, A. Nordin, A. Uutela, E. Osterlund, T. Muhonen, T. Kuopio, B. Glimelius, H. Isoniemi, P. Osterlund
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2023)
P-196 Tumor response as a predictor of survival for RAS-WT left-sided mCRC administered first-line molecularly targeted drugs: An observational study by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum
Authors: T. Hirose, A. Takashima, K. Yamazaki, H. Yukami, H. Uetake, M. Tsuda, T. Suto, T. Moriwaki, N. Sugimoto, H. Ojima, Y. Takii, H. Yasui, T. Esaki, A. Tsuji, M. Goto, R. Sawada, S. Otsu, K. Shinozaki, K. Nagashima, Y. Shimada
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2023)
O-9 Health-related quality of life associated with trifluridine/tipiracil in combination with bevacizumab in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: An analysis of the phase 3 SUNLIGHT trial
Authors: G. Prager, J. Taieb, M. Fakih, F. Ciardiello, E. Van Cutsem, E. Elez, F. Cruz, L. Wyrwicz, D. Stroyakovskiy, Z. Pápai, P. Poureau, G. Liposits, C. Cremolini, I. Bondarenko, D. Modest, N. Amellal, H. Hassan, D. Skanji, J. Tabernero
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2023)