tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A global multicohort study to map subcortical brain development and cognition in infancy and early childhood
Authors: Ann M. Alex, Fernando Aguate, Kelly Botteron, Claudia Buss, Yap-Seng Chong, Stephen R. Dager, Kirsten A. Donald, Sonja Entringer, Damien A. Fair, Marielle V. Fortier, Nadine Gaab, John H. Gilmore, Jessica B. Girault, Alice M. Graham, Nynke A. Groenewold, Heather Hazlett, Weili Lin, Michael J. Meaney, Joseph Piven, Anqi Qiu, Jerod M. Rasmussen, Annerine Roos, Robert T. Schultz, Michael A. Skeide, Dan J. Stein, Martin Styner, Paul M. Thompson, Ted K. Turesky, Pathik D. Wadhwa, Heather J. Zar, Lilla Zöllei, Gustavo de los Campos, Rebecca C. Knickmeyer
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2023)

Abstract The human brain grows quickly during infancy and early childhood, but factors influencing brain maturation in this period remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we harmonized data from eight diverse cohorts, creating one of the largest pediatric neuroimaging datasets to date focused on birth to 6 years of age. We mapped the developmental trajectory of intracranial and subcortical volumes in ∼2,000 children and studied how sociodemographic factors and adverse birth outcomes influence brain structure and cognition. The amygdala was the first subcortical volume to mature, whereas the thalamus exhibited protracted development. Males had larger brain volumes than females, and children born preterm or with low birthweight showed catch-up growth with age. Socioeconomic factors exerted region- and time-specific effects. Regarding cognition, males scored lower than females; preterm birth affected all developmental areas tested, and socioeconomic factors affected visual reception and receptive language. Brain–cognition correlations revealed region-specific associations.
Author Correction: Longitudinal scRNA-seq analysis in mouse and human informs optimization of rapid mouse astrocyte differentiation protocols
Authors: Paul W. Frazel, David Labib, Theodore Fisher, Ran Brosh, Nicolette Pirjanian, Anne Marchildon, Jef D. Boeke, Valentina Fossati, Shane A. Liddelow
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2023)
UK policy response to female genital mutilation needs urgent rethink
Authors: Sakaria Ali, Saffron Karlsen, Hazel Learner, Natasha Carver, Christina Pantazis, Brian D Earp, Deborah Hodes
Journal: BMJ (2023)

<b>Sakaria Ali and colleagues</b> argue that UK policy is disproportionately focused on criminal prosecution rather than community based prevention and providing appropriate care to those living with the consequences of female genital mutilation
Letter to the editor: Factors influencing surgical performance and learning progress in minimally invasive surgery – results of an interdisciplinary multicenter study
Authors: Peng Ye, Yizhen Chen, Ting Zheng, Xiaochun Zheng
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Ye, Peng PhD; Chen, Yizhen PhD; Zheng, Ting PhD; Zheng, Xiaochun PhD Author Information
Gallbladder disease in transgender individuals: associations with gender-affirming hormone therapy
Authors: Tomasz Tabernacki, Matthew Loria, Stephen Rhodes, Rachel Pope, Shubham Gupta, Swagata Banik, Kirtishri Mishra
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2023)

Transgender individuals frequently undergo gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) during their gender transition which plays a vital role in gender identity affirmation. Cholelithiasis, a common condition affecting 10-15% of the US population, has been linked to estrogen therapy in cisgender women. Despite the fact that hormonal profiles achieved after GAHT are not always identical to cisgender individuals, the effects of GAHT on gallbladder disease (GBD) risk have not been evaluated in transgender populations. This research aims to address this gap utilizing a large nationwide database.
The application and therapeutic effect of botulinum toxin type a (BTX-A) in the treatment of patients with pain after cancer treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shuzhai Li, Shixuan Peng, Fuchun Chen, Bin Zeng, Zhen Zhang, Zhiming Zhang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is a potential treatment for cancer pain. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness and safety of BTX-A in the treatment of pain after cancer treatment. Patients and Methods: Systematic searches of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were conducted. Randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of BTX-A compared with either placebo or active treatment in patients with pain after cancer treatment were included. The outcomes included pain intensity, quality of life, and adverse events. Results: This systematic review included four studies of which two were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with a placebo, BTX-A injection in patients with pain after cancer treatment had a clinically meaningful reduction in self-reported pain post-treatment [mean difference=−1.79 (95% CI: −2.14–−1.43), P &lt;0.00001, I ²=0%]. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that BTX-A is safe and effective for pain relief in patients with pain after cancer treatment.
Frequent Premature Atrial Contractions Lead to Adverse Atrial Remodeling and Atrial Fibrillation in a Swine Model
Authors: Satoshi Higuchi, Aleksandr Voskoboinik, Sung Il Im, Adam Lee, Jeffrey Olgin, Ayla Arbil, Junaid Afzal, Gregory M. Marcus, Carol Stillson, Dwight Bibby, Theodore Abraham, Emily Wilson, Edward P. Gerstenfeld
Journal: Circulation (2023)

BACKGROUND: Frequent premature atrial complexes (PACs) are associated with future incident atrial fibrillation (AF), but whether PACs contribute to development of AF through adverse atrial remodeling has not been studied. This study aimed to explore the effect of frequent PACs from different sites on atrial remodeling in a swine model. METHODS: Forty swine underwent baseline electrophysiologic studies and echocardiography followed by pacemaker implantations and paced PACs (50% burden) at 250-ms coupling intervals for 16 weeks in 4 groups: (1) lateral left atrium (LA) PACs by the coronary sinus (Lat-PAC; n=10), (2) interatrial septal PACs (Sep-PAC; n=10), (3) regular LA pacing at 130 beats/min (Reg-130; n=10), and (4) controls without PACs (n=10). At the final study, repeat studies were performed, followed by tissue histology and molecular analyses focusing on fibrotic pathways. RESULTS: Lat-PACs were associated with a longer P-wave duration (93.0±9.0 versus 74.2±8.2 and 58.8±7.6 ms; P &lt;0.001) and greater echocardiographic mechanical dyssynchrony (57.5±11.6 versus 35.7±13.0 and 24.4±11.1 ms; P &lt;0.001) compared with Sep-PACs and controls, respectively. After 16 weeks, Lat-PACs led to slower LA conduction velocity (1.1±0.2 versus 1.3±0.2 [Sep-PAC] versus 1.3±0.1 [Reg-130] versus 1.5±0.2 [controls] m/s; P &lt;0.001) without significant change in atrial ERP. The Lat-PAC group had a significantly increased percentage of LA fibrosis and upregulated levels of extracellular matrix proteins (lysyl oxidase and collagen 1 and 8), as well as TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor–β1) signaling proteins (latent and monomer TGF-β1 and phosphorylation/total ratio of SMAD2/3; P &lt;0.05). The Lat-PAC group had the longest inducible AF duration (terminal to baseline: 131 [interquartile range 30, 192] seconds versus 16 [6, 26] seconds [Sep-PAC] versus 22 [11, 64] seconds [Reg-130] versus −1 [−16, 7] seconds [controls]; P &lt;0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this swine model, frequent PACs resulted in adverse atrial structural remodeling with a heightened propensity to AF. PACs originating from the lateral LA produced greater atrial remodeling and longer induced AF duration than the septal-origin PACs. These data provide evidence that frequent PACs can cause adverse atrial remodeling as well as AF, and that the location of ectopic PACs may be clinically meaningful.
An Aspirin-Free Versus Dual Antiplatelet Strategy for Coronary Stenting: STOPDAPT-3 Randomized Trial
Authors: Masahiro Natsuaki, Hirotoshi Watanabe, Takeshi Morimoto, Ko Yamamoto, Yuki Obayashi, Ryusuke Nishikawa, Kenji Ando, Takenori Domei, Satoru Suwa, Manabu Ogita, Tsuyoshi Isawa, Hiroyuki Takenaka, Takashi Yamamoto, Tetsuya Ishikawa, Itaru Hisauchi, Kohei Wakabayashi, Yuko Onishi, Kiyoshi Hibi, Kazuya Kawai, Ruka Yoshida, Hiroshi Suzuki, Gaku Nakazawa, Takanori Kusuyama, Itsuro Morishima, Koh Ono, Takeshi Kimura
Journal: Circulation (2023)

Bleeding rates on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) within 1 month after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remain high in clinical practice, particularly in patients with acute coronary syndrome or high bleeding risk. Aspirin-free strategy might result in lower bleeding early after PCI without increasing cardiovascular events, but its efficacy and safety have not yet been proven in randomized trials.
AI-enabled ChatGPT’s carbon footprint and its use in the healthcare sector: a coin has two sides
Authors: Chiranjib Chakraborty, Soumen Pal, Manojit Bhattacharya, Md. Aminul Islam
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Chakraborty, Chiranjib MSc, PhD; Pal, Soumen PhD; Bhattacharya, Manojit PhD; Islam, Md. Aminul Author Information
Enhanced Antibacterial and Wound Healing Using a Metal‐Organic Cluster Inspired by Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Long Zhu, Antian Huo, Yangqian Sun, Yanzhao Chen, Chongjiang Cao, Yueqin Zheng, Weiwei Guo
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Bacterial infection poses a constant threat to human health. It is crucial to develop cost-effective and multifunctional solutions to combat bacteria. In this study, inspiration has been taken from artificial photosynthesis and a hydrogel containing a photocatalytic metal-organic cluster (MOC) has been creatively formulated for wound healing and antibacterial purposes. Complete photocatalytic cycles have been achieved by combining the oxidative Ti-center and the reductive Cu-center, in which reactive oxygen species (
Seconds Timescale Synthesis of Highly Stretchable Antibacterial Hydrogel for Skin Wound Closure and Epidermal Strain Sensor
Authors: Yanni Bi, Mimi Sun, Yuanyuan Zhang, Fuxin Sun, Yan Du, Jingjuan Wang, Ming Zhou, Chong‐Bo Ma
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Effective wound healing is critical for patient care, and the development of novel wound dressing materials that promote healing, prevent infection, and are user‐friendly is of great importance, particularly in the context of point‐of‐care testing (POCT). This study reports the synthesis of a hydrogel material that can be produced in less than 10 s and possesses antibacterial activity against both gram‐negative and gram‐positive microorganisms, as well as the ability to inhibit the growth of eukaryotic cells, such as yeast. The hydrogel is formed wholly based on covalent‐like hydrogen bonding interactions and exhibits excellent mechanical properties, with the ability to stretch up to more than 600% of its initial length. Furthermore, the hydrogel demonstrates ultra‐fast self‐healing properties, with fractures capable of being repaired within 10 s. This hydrogel can promote skin wound healing, with the added advantage of functioning as a strain sensor that generates an electrical signal in response to physical deformation. The strain sensor composed of a rubber shell realizes fast and responsive strain sensing. The findings suggest that this hydrogel has promising applications in the field of POCT for wound care, providing a new avenue for improved patient outcomes.
Mitigation of <scp>Osteoclast‐Mediated</scp> Arthritic Bone Remodeling By Short Chain Fatty Acids
Authors: Katharine Lu Yang, Briana J. Mullins, Alannah Lejeune, Ellie Ivanova, Jong Shin, Sofia Bajwa, Richard Possemato, Ken Cadwell, Jose U. Scher, Sergei B. Koralov
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2023)

The objective for this study was to evaluate the effects of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on arthritic bone remodeling.
Clonally expanded memory CD8+ T cells accumulate in atherosclerotic plaques and are pro-atherogenic in aged mice
Authors: Daniel J. Tyrrell, Kathleen M. Wragg, Judy Chen, Hui Wang, Jianrui Song, Muriel G. Blin, Chase Bolding, Donald Vardaman, Kara Giles, Harrison Tidwell, Md Akkas Ali, Abhinav Janappareddi, Sherri C. Wood, Daniel R. Goldstein
Journal: Nature Aging (2023)
Stathmin-2 loss leads to neurofilament-dependent axonal collapse driving motor and sensory denervation
Authors: Jone López-Erauskin, Mariana Bravo-Hernandez, Maximiliano Presa, Michael W. Baughn, Ze’ev Melamed, Melinda S. Beccari, Ana Rita Agra de Almeida Quadros, Olatz Arnold-Garcia, Aamir Zuberi, Karen Ling, Oleksandr Platoshyn, Elkin Niño-Jara, I. Sandra Ndayambaje, Melissa McAlonis-Downes, Larissa Cabrera, Jonathan W. Artates, Jennifer Ryan, Anita Hermann, John Ravits, C. Frank Bennett, Paymaan Jafar-Nejad, Frank Rigo, Martin Marsala, Cathleen M. Lutz, Don W. Cleveland, Clotilde Lagier-Tourenne
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2023)
Aerobic glycolysis is the predominant means of glucose metabolism in neuronal somata, which protects against oxidative damage
Authors: Yao Wei, QianQian Miao, Qian Zhang, Shiyu Mao, Mengke Li, Xing Xu, Xian Xia, Ke Wei, Yu Fan, Xinlei Zheng, Yinquan Fang, Meng Mei, Qingyu Zhang, Jianhua Ding, Yi Fan, Ming Lu, Gang Hu
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2023)
Poly(<i>N</i>‐methyl‐<i>N</i>‐vinylacetamide): A Strong Alternative to PEG for Lipid‐Based Nanocarriers Delivering siRNA
Authors: Manon Berger, François Toussaint, Sanaa Ben Djemaa, Erik Maquoi, Hélène Pendeville, Brigitte Evrard, Christine Jerôme, Jeanne Leblond Chain, Anna Lechanteur, Denis Mottet, Antoine Debuigne, Géraldine Piel
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Lipid‐based nanocarriers have demonstrated high interest in delivering genetic material, exemplified by the success of Onpattro and COVID‐19 vaccines. While PEGylation imparts stealth properties, it hampers cellular uptake and endosomal escape, and may trigger adverse reactions like accelerated blood clearance (ABC) and hypersensitivity reactions (HSR). This work highlights the great potential of amphiphilic poly(N‐methyl‐N‐vinylacetamide) (PNMVA) derivatives as alternatives to lipid‐PEG for siRNA delivery. PNMVA compounds with different degrees of polymerization and hydrophobic segments, are synthesized. Among them, DSPE (1,2‐distearoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine)‐PNMVA efficiently integrates into lipoplexes and LNP membranes and prevents protein corona formation around these lipid carriers, exhibiting stealth properties comparable to DSPE‐PEG. However, unlike DSPE‐PEG, DSPE‐PNMVA 24 shows no adverse impact on lipoplexes cell uptake and endosomal escape. In in vivo study with mice, DSPE‐PNMVA 24 lipoplexes demonstrate no liver accumulation, indicating good stealth properties, extended circulation time after a second dose, reduced immunological reaction, and no systemic pro‐inflammatory response. Safety of DSPE‐PNMVA 24 is confirmed at the cellular level and in animal models of zebrafish and mice. Overall, DSPE‐PNMVA is an advantageous substitute to DSPE‐PEG for siRNA delivery, offering comparable stealth and toxicity properties while improving efficacy of the lipid‐based carriers by minimizing the dilemma effect and reducing immunological reactions, meaning no ABC or HSR effects.
Learning from circadian rhythm to transform cancer prevention, prognosis, and survivorship care
Authors: Xiaoyan Zhu, Geraldine Maier, Satchidananda Panda
Journal: Trends in cancer (2023)

Circadian timekeeping mechanisms and cell cycle regulation share thematic biological principles in responding to signals, repairing cellular damage, coordinating metabolism, and allocating cellular resources for optimal function. Recent studies show interactions between cell cycle regulators and circadian clock components, offering insights into potential cancer treatment approaches. Understanding circadian control of metabolism informs timing for therapies to reduce adverse effects and enhance treatment efficacy. Circadian adaptability to lifestyle factors, such as activity, sleep, and nutrition sheds light on their impact on cancer. Leveraging circadian regulatory mechanisms for cancer prevention and care is vital, as most risk stems from modifiable lifestyles. Monitoring circadian factors aids risk assessment and targeted interventions across the cancer care continuum.
Projections of Temperature-Related Suicide under Climate Change Scenarios in Japan
Authors: Ramita Thawonmas, Masahiro Hashizume, Yoonhee Kim
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2023)

The impact of climate change on mental health largely remains to be evaluated. Although growing evidence has reported a short-term association between suicide and temperature, future projections of temperature-attributable suicide have not been thoroughly examined.We aimed to project the excess temperature-related suicide mortality in Japan under three climate change scenarios until the 2090s.Daily time series of mean temperature and the number of suicide deaths in 1973-2015 were collected for 47 prefectures in Japan. A two-stage time-stratified case-crossover analysis was used to estimate the temperature-suicide association. We obtained the modeled daily temperature series using five general circulation models under three climate change scenarios from the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Shared Socioeconomic Pathways scenarios (SSPs): SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5. We projected the excess temperature-related suicide mortality until 2099 for each scenario and evaluated the net relative changes compared with the 2010s.During 1973-2015, there was a total of 1,049,592 suicides in Japan. Net increases in temperature-related excess suicide mortality were estimated under all scenarios. The net change in 2090-2099 compared with 2010-2019 was 1.3% [95% empirical confidence interval (eCI): 0.6, 2.4] for the intermediate-emission scenario (SSP2-4.5), 0.6% (95% eCI: 0.1, 1.6) for a low-emission scenario (SSP1-2.6), and 2.4% (95% eCI: 0.7, 3.9) for the extreme scenario (SSP5-8.5). The increases were greater the more extreme the scenarios were, with the highest increase under the most extreme scenario (SSP5-8.5).This study indicates that Japan may experience a net increase in excess temperature-related suicide mortality, especially under the intermediate and extreme scenarios. The findings underscore the importance of mitigation policies. Further investigations of the future impacts of climate change on mental health including suicide are warranted. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11246.
Universal masking during COVID-19 outbreaks in aged care settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rosalie Chen, Shwetha G. Kezhekkekara, Mohana P. Kunasekaran, C Raina MacIntyre
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2023)

Aged care facilities (ACFs) are a high-risk COVID-19 transmission setting, and older residents are at greater risk of severe outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed whether universal masking and COVID-19 vaccination reduce SARS-CoV-2 attack rates (ARs) in ACFs. Articles published between 1 December 2019 and 28 February 2022 were screened across five databases (Medline, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)). Risk of bias was assessed using relevant Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Meta-analysis of single proportions, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression were performed to compare the effects of universal masking and vaccination dosage on pooled SARS-CoV-2 ARs. Of 99 included articles, SARS-COV-2 ARs for residents were available in 86 studies (representing 139 outbreaks), and for staff in 49 studies (78 outbreaks). Universal masking was associated with lower SARS-CoV-2 ARs in ACF outbreaks (AR = 34.9% [95% CI: 27.2-42.6%]) compared to facilities without universal masking (67.3% [54.2-80.4%], p<.0001). In ACFs with universal masking prior to outbreak onset, facility-wide testing, and documentation of asymptomatic infection, the asymptomatic AR at time of testing was 11.4% (6.5-17.4%) in residents. Receipt of zero, one and two vaccination doses were associated with ARs of 64.9% (49.6-80.2%), 54.9% (33.7-76.1%) and 45.2% (29.2-61.3%), respectively. To protect residents from COVID-19, ACFs should provide vaccination of residents and staff, universal masking for staff, and facility-wide testing during times of heightened community transmission.
Viral dynamics of omicron variants in older patients
Authors: Yuan Gao, Yunyi Gao, Ziwen Gao, Yingmin Ma, Zhongjie Hu
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2023)

Yang Yang and colleagues1Yang Y Guo L Yuan J et al.Viral and antibody dynamics of acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant (B.1.1.529): a prospective cohort study from Shenzhen, China.Lancet Microbe. 2023; 4: e632-e641Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar presented a detailed summary of the viral dynamics of several SARS-CoV-2 variants in infected individuals. They focused on young and middle-aged adults, with a median age of 33·0 years (IQR 21·0–47·5), who were infected with the omicron (B.1.1.529) variant. However, in reality, hospitalisation and disease burden resulting from omicron variant infection are primarily observed among older people. Therefore, understanding viral dynamics in this older population (age >60 years) is essential to inform future diagnosis and treatment strategies. We collected data from all patients admitted to our hospital because of SARS-CoV-2 infection from Nov 1, 2022, to June 30, 2023. We excluded patients who received antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 and collected demographic and clinical data from the remaining patients who had at least one SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test result (appendix pp 1–2). The variants prevalent in China during the study period were BA.5/BF.7 and XBB. We divided the included patients into two groups on the basis of age (≤60 and >60 years) and analysed viral dynamics by measuring cycle threshold (Ct) values after admission using a method similar to the one used in our previous study.2Gao Y Luo Z Ren S et al.Antiviral effect of azvudine and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir among hospitalized patients with COVID-19.J Infect. 2023; 86: e158-e160Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (0) Google Scholar We found that the slope of the Ct value decline after SARS-CoV-2 infection was less steep in older individuals than that in younger adults. The viral clearance time was 8·6 days (95% CI 7·8–9·4) for older individuals and 7·4 days (6·9–7·8) for younger adults (appendix p 3). The mean Ct value was lower in older patients at admission, and this result could be attributed to the slightly delayed hospital admission after symptom onset, resulting in a leftward shift in the fitted curve and failure to obtain the peak Ct value. Our findings suggest a decreased viral clearance ability in the older population and provide a reference for future clinical studies on SARS-CoV-2 antivirals.See Online for appendix See Online for appendix We declare no competing interests. YG, YunG, and ZG contributed equally. YM and ZH contributed equally. This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFC0121704) and High-Level Public Health Technology Talent Project (Academic Leader-01-05). The funders of the study had no role in writing this Correspondence. Download .docx (.13 MB) Help with docx files Supplementary appendix