tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Remote electrocardiographic monitoring in acute myocardial infarction. Integration into the overall system of coronary care
Authors: H. G. Danford
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A system of continuous remote electrocardiographic monitoring, from four small hospitals to a central hospital coronary care unit, was applied to 130 patients with confirmed acute myocardial infarctions. The mortality survey of 19 months' experience with this system revealed a hospital mortality of 27%. An analysis of 149 consecutive myocardial infarctions in the same hospitals prior to the initiation of remote monitoring of the electrocardiogram showed a hospital mortality of 38%. Thirty-nine patients with myocardial infarctions who were treated concurrently with the monitored patients, but without remote monitoring, had a mortality of 44%. The two coronary care units, from which remote monitoring and medical support were provided, treated 516 cases of acute myocardial infarction during a similar interval, with a hospital mortality of 19%.
Olympics drug testing: basis for future study—
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1984)

After the summer Olympic Games of the next few days have ended, a study committee will meet to examine the results of testing of athletes for possible use of banned substances. Kenneth S. Clarke, PhD, director of the United States Olympic Committee's (USOC) Sports Medicine Division in Colorado Springs, Colo, says the study group will report its "consensus or disagreement" to the USOC and try to offer recommendations. The past months have added up to what Clarke terms "an explosion" in knowledge of, and publicity about, the possible extent of some athletes' use of potentially dangerous drugs to try to enhance their performance in sports. The anabolic steroids have received particular attention. Clarke says an important question that the post-Olympics study committee faces is the extent of the effort needed to get at the heart of the problem. New USOC officers will take office in January 1985, and the drug-control
Болезни органов пищеварения и патология позвоночника
Authors: S.S. Chubenko, V.O. Gaidukov, D.S. Chubenko
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2014)

Целью работы явилось повышение эффективности лечения лиц с гастроэнтерологической патологией в сочетании с корешковым синдромом.В работе приведены данные о состоянии позвоночного столба у пациентов, находившихся на лечении в гастроэнтерологическом отделении.Установлено, что для лиц молодого возраста, страдающих функциональными заболеваниями органов пищеварения, характерны сколиозы, особенно грудного отдела позвоночника.С возрастом увеличивается частота поражения пояснично-крестцового отдела позвоночника. У лиц старше 61 года дегенеративно-дистрофические изменения в позвоночнике встречаются в 100 % случаев, а их выраженность прогрессирует.Сочетание лечения патологии органов пищеварения и позвоночника повышает клиническую эффективность лечения.
The Biology of Developmental Dyslexia
Authors: Judith M. Rumsey
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>SELECTED CASE</h3> A 30-year-old man was referred to the Child Psychiatry Branch of the National Institute of Mental Health for evaluation as a candidate for neuroimaging studies of developmental reading disorder, or dyslexia. Despite a master's degree and above-average intelligence, documented with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, his oral paragraph reading, as assessed with the Gray Oral Reading Test, fell between a second- and third-grade level, nearly 6 SEs below that expected on the basis of his verbal IQ.<sup>1</sup>This placed his performance within a severely dyslexic range. Similarly, his spelling, which fell at a seventh-grade level (below the first percentile rank) on the Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised, was more than 5 SEs below expectation based on verbal and performance IQ and educational level.<sup>1</sup> Neurological examination was normal. Strong right-handedness was documented. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the head were clinically normal, and a structured interview found no
Carcinogenicity Tests of Certain Environmental and Industrial Chemicals&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Elizabeth K. Weisburger, Borge M. Ulland, Jun-mo Nam, John J. Gart, John H. Weisburger
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Fourteen chemicals of varied uses were tested for carcinogenicity by oral administration in male and female Charles River CD rats. Under the conditions of the tests, propane sultone, propylene imine, and ethylenethiourea, in addition to the positive control N-2-fluorenylacetamide, were carcinogenic. Avadex, bis-(2-chloroethyl) ether, the potassium salt of bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dithiocarbamic acid, ethylene carbonate, and semicarbazide hydro-semicarbazide hydrochloride were not carcinogenic under the test conditions. Dithiooxamide, glycerol α-monochlorohydrin, and thiosemicarbazide gave somewhat ambiguous results, though administered at high enough dose levels to be toxic. An inadequate number of animals survived treatments with sodium azide, sodium bisulfide, and vinylene carbonate, or the animals may not have received sufficiently high doses of the test chemicals to provide maximum test sensitivity. However, there were no indications that these three chemicals were carcinogenic under the test conditions.
Chemical and Biological Weapons
Authors: Alan H. Lockwood
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —War in the Middle East has increased fears that chemical or biological weapons (CBW) might be used in battle. Iraq's "supposed use" (Marwick's term<sup>1</sup>) of mustard gas and tabun, a nerve gas, has been well documented by medical teams from the United Nations<sup>2</sup>and portrayed vividly in a recent Public Broadcasting Service documentary ("NOVA,"<i>The Poison Winds of War</i>, 1990). The CBW battlefield is not as safe as we were led to believe by Marwick.<sup>1</sup>Unfortunately, misconceptions concerning the hazards of CBW agents and the ability to defend against them could affect decisions concerning their use. Although there are defensive measures that can protect combatants on a CBW battlefield, they are associated with significant risks and are likely to affect decision making and impair performance.<sup>3,4</sup>The use of mission-oriented protective posture gear, designed to isolate the wearer from the environment, induces severe psychological
ICU organization and management II
Authors: R. Navarro, R. Pitarch, J. Ruiz, O. Rodriguez, C. Abad, L. Fayos, A. Cabadés, R. Moreno, H. Estrada, M. J. Ferrão, L. Massa, R. Juchems, G. Wahlig, W. Frese, R. G. Terzi, M. I. Gomez, V. P. Dantas Fo, A. E. Falcão, S. Araújo, F. Boulay, G. Brucker, F. Philip, D. Grimaud, B. Lee, J. Cebrian, J. Belenguer, S. Ferrandis, R. Navarro, M. Ruano, A. M. Worning, G. A. Harrison, P. L. Byth, J. Nolla-Salas, G. Carrasco, A. Vázquez-Sánchez, J. M. Marrugat, F. Alvarez-Lerma, J. F. Solsona, J. J. Lanore, F. Brunet, F. Pochard, M. Karmochkine, J. P. Mira, F. Dreyfus, M. Belghith, B. Renaud, I. Hamy, J. F. Dhainaut
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1992)
Performance league tables
Authors: J. Howell
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Some derivatives of phenacyltrimethylammonium and other aromatic trimethylammonium compounds were prepared. Their activity was studied on the blood pressure of dlogs with and without pretreatment with atropine, and on the contractions of isolated rabbit ilea. The nicotinie activity of phenacyl derivatives decreased as the electron density about the carbonyl oxygen decreased. The phenylalkyl derivatives demonstrated the importance of electronic and spatial properties that are required for nicotinic and muscaninie activity. The structural requirements for muscarinic activity seem to be more specific than that for nicotinic activity. Compounds having a distance approximately equal to three carbon atoms between the phenyl group and the quaternary nitrogen demonstrated greater nicotinic activity; and the nicotinic activity was further increased if the atom adjacent to the phenyl ring possessed a partial negative charge. Muscarinic activity was most prominent when only one carbon atom exists between the phenyl group and the quaternary nitrogen.
Family History and Breast Cancer
Authors: Barbara L. Weber
Journal: JAMA (1993)

What is the magnitude of the influence of family history on breast cancer risk? Two methodologically different but excellent studies have recently been published in<i>JAMA</i>that attempt to assess the contribution of family history to the risk of breast cancer development. In July, Colditz et al<sup>1</sup>reported their analysis of 2389 prospectively identified breast cancer cases from among the Nurses' Health Study cohort. In this issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Slattery and Kerber<sup>2</sup>report the results of their large case-control study from the Utah Population Database. Both studies observed an approximately twofold increase in breast cancer risk among women with an affected sister or mother, and both found this risk to increase if more relatives were affected, or affected close relatives were diagnosed at young ages. These findings are consistent with many other epidemiologic studies in the literature.<sup>3-6</sup>However, the two studies offer discrepant estimates of the percentage
Abuse of Amphetamines
Authors: George R. Edison
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The amphetamines have been in widespread use for over 30 years. A list of indications for their use might include weight control, narcolepsy, parkinsonism, depressive reactions, epilepsy, and central nervous system depression due to poisoning by barbiturates and other drugs. Over and over we have heard that these are useful drugs in the practice of medicine but should be used only under medical supervision. In recent years a remarkable change has occurred in the pattern of usage of amphetamines. Gradually the list of legitimate medical indications for them has shrunk either because better drugs are available (as in parkinsonism, epilepsy, and depressive reactions), or because no drugs are as safe and rational as other methods of treatment (such as artificial ventilation and circulation support in barbiturate intoxication), or because their use is unsafe and ineffective (as in the case of obesity). At the same time the improper
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown promise in the treatment of a range of solid cancerous tumors.The study by Rigual and colleagues is the first to use 3-(1 0 -hexyloxyethyl) pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) PDT for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.PDT-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) cross-linking was measured as a molecular marker for the evaluation of PDT mediated photoreaction.The HPPH-PDT was found safe, while sparing healthy vital and functional structures.The level of STAT3 cross-linking is a significant reporter for evaluating the PDT mediated photoreaction, and has the potential of serving as a prognostic biomarker for evaluating tumor response.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Concern has been expressed, based on preclinical data, that BRCA 1/2 mutationassociated ovarian cancer patients with PARP inhibitor (PARPi) resistance might also be resistant to chemotherapy including platinum.This study by Ang and colleagues provides data for the first time to indicate that this is not the case.The response rate was 40%-49% to platinum-based chemotherapy, and despite intervening PARPi treatment, the platinum-free interval remained predictive of response and prognostic of overall survival.Secondary BRCA 1/2 mutations were not detected in six cases when tumor samples were obtained at progression on PARPi, suggesting the likely importance of alternative resistance mechanisms.Bicalutamide in AR(þ) ER/PgR (À) Metastatic Breast Cancer
Pericardial Effusion in Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Robert J. Lerer
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was interested in the report by Greenberg and Lutcher (22:191, 1972) describing a patient with suspected isoniazid-induced lupus erythematosus (LE) syndrome and pericardial tamponade. The authors advocate the use of steroids for this complication, and quote Dubois<sup>1</sup>as believing that LE patients with pericardial tamponade do not require pericardiocentesis, but should be treated exclusively with steroids. In a recent short review of the literature on the subject of the management of pericardial effusions in LE (<i>Am J Dis Child</i>124:436, 1972), I pointed to the considerable controversy surrounding this topic. There are several reports of failure of steroid therapy to reduce the size of pericardial effusions in LE; furthermore, massive effusion has occurred during administration of large doses of steroids.<sup>2-4</sup>Obviously, the approach to this problem needs to be individualized. Uncomplicated pericardial effusions should be treated with high doses of steroids and close monitoring
Regulating the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: J. Furniss, J. Zammit-Lucia, N. Johnson, P. Read, A. Towse, P. Rowlatt, P R Clear, M. Grobler, S. P Lance, A. Maynard, K. Bloor
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Authors seem to have misunderstood pharmaceutical price regulation schemeEditor-Maynard and Bloor put forward several remedies to control the cost and availability of NHS medicines. 1
The International Union Against Cancer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1952)

The International Union Against Cancer Get access the U. S. A. National Committee on the International Union Against Cancer the U. S. A. National Committee on the International Union Against Cancer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 13, Issue 2, October 1952, Pages 283–290, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/13.2.283 Published: 01 October 1952
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

New strategies are needed in the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer. Here, Wang and colleagues investigated whether short-term treatment with freeze-dried black raspberries (BRB) could modulate biomarkers of tumor development in a cohort of colorectal cancer patients. They found that BRBs protectively modulated biomarkers of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in both tumor and adjacent normal specimens. Further, BRBs caused demethylation of the promoter regions of relevant tumor suppressor genes in adjacent normal tissues and colorectal tumors, and this effect was dependent on total dose. These results provide rationale for further evaluation of BRBs in colorectal cancer prevention.Reactivation of p53 tumor suppressor activity in soft tissue sarcoma is an attractive therapeutic target. Here, Ito and colleagues investigated the significance of p53 pathway alternations in sarcomagenesis using a panel of benign or malignant bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. They found an inverse relationship between MDM2 amplification and TP53 mutations. Further, the MDM2 SNP309 G allele strongly associated with both liposarcomas and MDM2 amplification, and malignancy in sarcomas was linked either to TP53 mutation, or MDM2 amplification and the presence of a G allele. These data suggest that p53 and MDM2 could be used as biomarkers in clinical trials of MDM2 antagonists in sarcomas.There is a need for treatment strategies in pancreatic cancer to overcome resistance. In this study, Nagaraj and colleagues used a novel approach combining gemcitabine chemotherapy with targeted therapies to Src and EGFR. They found that this strategy resulted in synergistic inhibition of pancreatic tumorigenesis, indicating that a combination of targeted therapy with cytotoxic chemotherapy can overcome treatment resistance. In addition, their results suggest that identifying biomarkers of resistance to targeted therapy (such as activated STAT3 signaling) could aid in tailoring treatment to specific resistant pathways.Reovirus type 3 Dearing (reovirus) is an anticancer therapy that targets tumor types with activating mutations in the KRAS oncogene or with EGFR overexpression. Here, Lolkema and colleagues report on a phase I study of reovirus combined with chemotherapy. They found that the combination of reovirus with gemcitabine was safe, but that gemcitabine affected the neutralizing antibody response against reovirus. The development of combination therapies using oncolytic viruses holds important potential, and these data indicate that immune monitoring is an essential feature of trials that explore such combinations.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

The oncogenic PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is activated in ovarian cancer and represents a therapeutic target. Here, Santiskulvong and colleagues tested the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 on human ovarian carcinoma cells and in an immunocompetent, transgenic mouse model. NVP-BEZ235 effectively inhibited the growth of cisplatinsensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer cells, and sensitized them to cisplatin treatment. Furthermore, NVP-BEZ235 treatment of mice with established ovarian tumor disease prolonged survival. These data provide a rationale for the therapeutic use of NVP-BEZ235 in ovarian cancer patients, and show promising evidence for efficacy in the presence of platinum-resistant disease.Overexpression of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAP) is associated with worse prognosis in several types of solid tumors, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this study, Sun and colleagues established a critical role for Smac (an endogenous inhibitor of IAPs) in mediating therapeutic and apoptotic responses of HNSCC cells via the mitochondrial pathway. Further, they revealed a mechanism by which a small molecule Smac mimetic could promote apoptosis though dissociation of XIAP and Smac. These results suggest that combining IAP antagonists with other anticancer agents might be efficacious for treatment of HNSCC.E7080, an orally active multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity. To investigate the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary efficacy of E7080, a Phase I study involving patients with a wide range of advanced solid tumors was conducted by Yamada and colleagues. E7080 demonstrated a manageable toxicity up to 13 mg twice a day doses (2-week-on/1-week-off cycle), and preliminary antitumor activity for durable disease control. Biomarker analyses of circulating endothelial and progenitor cells suggested that antiangiogenic activity correlated with therapeutic effect and was potentially influenced by baseline levels. Ongoing studies continue to evaluate E7080 clinical efficacy and safety.To date there has been limited effort to examine functional imaging in connection with genomics, to better understand the underlying biology associated with functional imaging parameters. In this study, Chi and colleagues linked changes in global gene expression and functional imaging to explain response heterogeneity in a trial of thermoradiotherapy for canine sarcomas. Further, differential gene expression identified geldanamycin as a drug with potential to enhance thermoradiotherapy in human cancers. These results demonstrate the value of integrative analysis and highlight the potential for applying generalized information from studies of canine tumors to human trials.
Halothane and Liver Failure
Authors: Herman L. Allen
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In reference to "Halothane and Liver Failure" (<b>211</b>: 2145, 1970) I would like to agree with the author that halothane in rare instances, like other drugs, may cause hepatitis and even acute liver necrosis. Having agreed with the authors on this point, our paths divide. The clue to this patient's problem is a syndrome which appears to be a first and probably should be called the "St. Louis syndrome." That is the occurrence on the second postoperative day, after elective cholecystectomy, of wound dehiscence and colon perforation. I do not think this has been recorded before. The clinical information presented is inadequate, but a logical explanation for the "St. Louis syndrome" might be as follows: unrecognized perforation of the colon at surgery, consequent peritonitis, sepsis, diaphragmatic irritation, coughing, and then a rare second-day dehiscence. This patient must have had sepsis, some cardiac decompensation plus the admitted periods
Randomized Study of the Treatment of Phenobarbital Overdose With Repeated Doses of Activated Charcoal
Authors: Susan M. Pond
Journal: JAMA (1984)

We performed a prospective randomized study of the effectiveness of repeated oral doses of activated charcoal in the treatment of phenobarbital overdose. Ten comatose patients who required intubation and mechanical ventilation completed the protocol. Five patients received repeated doses of activated charcoal and sorbitol. Five other patients who received a single dose of charcoal and cathartic served as control subjects. The serum half-life of phenobarbital (mean ± SD, 36 ±13 hours) during repeated administration of charcoal and sorbitol was significantly shorter than that after charcoal administration was discontinued (93 ±7 hours) and shorter than the half-life in the single-dose group (93 ±52 hours). The length of time that patients in each group required mechanical ventilation, 39 ±24 hours (single-dose group) and 48 ±8 hours (repeated-dose group), did not differ significantly, nor did the time spent in the hospital. Although administration of repeated doses of activated charcoal to patients with phenobarbital overdose significantly increased the elimination of phenobarbital, it had no clear effects on the patients' clinical course. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:3104-3108)
Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Much biomedical research is observational.The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalisability.The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an observational study.We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover three main study designs: cohort, case econtrol, and cross-sectional studies.We convened a 2-day workshop in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors to draft a checklist of items.This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations.The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of articles.18 items are common to all three study designs and four are specific for cohort, caseecontrol, or cross-sectional studies.A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published separately and is freely available on the Web sites of PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, and Epidemiology.We hope that the STROBE Statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of observational studies.