tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health status across major subgroups of patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Stefan D. Anker, Gerasimos Filippatos, João Pedro Ferreira, Stuart J. Pocock, Michael Böhm, Martina Brueckmann, Vijay K. Chopra, Tomoko Iwata, James Januzzi, Ileana L. Piña, Piotr Ponikowski, Michele Senni, Ola Vedin, Subodh Verma, Yuhui Zhang, Faiez Zannad, Milton Packer, Javed Butler
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2023)

There are limited data on health status and changes in it over time across major subgroups of patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), including ejection fraction spectrum, age, sex, region, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities including diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), anaemia, and atrial fibrillation/flutter.In the EMPEROR-Preserved trial, the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) was assessed at baseline, 12, 32 and 52 weeks. Determinants of baseline KCCQ score and change over time, and the impact of empagliflozin on KCCQ scores were studied in specified subgroups. A Cox model was used to assess the association between 5- and 10-point increase and 5-point decrease in KCCQ score from baseline to week 12 and later outcomes. Among 2979 participants in the placebo arm, mean KCCQ clinical summary score (CSS) was 70.7 (20.8). Older age, female sex, BMI, anaemia, and a history of diabetes, and CKD were associated with worse scores. KCCQ-CSS score improved during follow-up; patients with atrial fibrillation/flutter at enrollment (p trend = 0.014) and CKD (p trend < 0.001) had less improvement. A 5-point increase in KCCQ-CSS at week 12 was associated with lower risk of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization (5%), cardiovascular death (8%), and first heart failure hospitalization (4%) subsequently. A similar trend was seen with KCCQ total symptom score (TSS) and overall summary score (OSS). Empagliflozin improved KCCQ-CSS, -TSS and -OSS scores similarly across subgroups studied except for greater improvement in patients with the highest BMI (p trend = 0.153, 0.08 and 0.078, respectively).Health status in patients with HFpEF is impaired, especially in elderly, women, and those with obesity and comorbidities. Empagliflozin improved health status among all key subgroups studied with a greater effect in obese patients.
Letter to the Editor: HDV therapy-evolving success parameters
Authors: Avinash Tiwari, Duncan Khanikar, Pankaj Bharali, Sandeep Kumar Prajapati, Ramkishor Gattani
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

Tiwari, Avinash; Khanikar, Duncan; Bharali, Pankaj; Prajapati, Sandeep Kumar; Gattani, Ramkishor Author Information
Determination of weight loss effectiveness evaluation indexes and establishment of a nomogram for forecasting the probability of effectiveness of weight loss in bariatric surgery: a retrospective cohort
Authors: Guanhua Lu, Zhiyong Dong, Biao Huang, Songhao Hu, Shenhua Cai, Min Hu, Ruixiang Hu, Cunchuan Wang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

The purpose of this research was to determine the index that contributes the most to assessing the effectiveness of weight loss 1 year following bariatric surgery and to implement it as the clinical outcome to develop and confirm a nomogram to predict whether bariatric surgery would be effective.Patient information was extracted from the Chinese Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Database for this retrospective study. The most contributing weight loss effectiveness evaluation index was created using canonical correlation analysis (CCA), and the predictors were screened using logistic regression analysis. A nomogram for estimating the likelihood of effectiveness of weight loss was constructed, and its performance was further verified.Information was obtained for 540 patients, including 30 variables. According to the CCA, ≥25 percentage total weight loss was found to be the most correlated with patient information and contribute the most as a weight loss effectiveness evaluation index. Logistic regression analysis and nomogram scores identified age, surgical strategy, abdominal circumference, weight loss history, and hyperlipidemia as predictors of effectiveness in weight loss. The prediction model's discrimination, accuracy, and clinical benefit were demonstrated by the consistency index, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis.The authors determined a 25 percentage total weight loss as an index for weight loss effectiveness assessment by CCA and next established and validated a nomogram, which demonstrated promising performance in predicting the probability of effectiveness of weight loss in bariatric surgery. The nomogram might be a valuable tool in clinical practice.
Human inherited complete STAT2 deficiency underlies inflammatory viral diseases
Authors: Giorgia Bucciol, Leen Moens, Masato Ogishi, Darawan Rinchai, Daniela Matuozzo, Mana Momenilandi, Nacim Kerrouche, Catherine M. Cale, Elsa R. Treffeisen, Mohammad Al Salamah, Bandar K. Al-Saud, Alain Lachaux, Remi Duclaux-Loras, Marie Meignien, Aziz Bousfiha, Ibtihal Benhsaien, Anna Shcherbina, Anna Roppelt, Florian Gothe, Nadhira Houhou-Fidouh, Scott J. Hackett, Lisa M. Bartnikas, Michelle C. Maciag, Mohammed F. Alosaimi, Janet Chou, Reem W. Mohammed, Bishara J. Freij, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, Shen-Ying Zhang, Stephanie Boisson-Dupuis, Vivien Béziat, Qian Zhang, Christopher J.A. Duncan, Sophie Hambleton, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Isabelle Meyts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2023)

STAT2 is a transcription factor activated by type I and III interferons. We report 23 patients with loss of function variants causing autosomal recessive (AR), complete STAT2 deficiency. Both cells transfected with mutant STAT2 alleles and the patients' cells display impaired expression of interferon stimulated genes and impaired control of in-vitro viral infections. Clinical manifestations from early childhood onward include severe adverse reaction to live attenuated viral vaccines (LAV, 12/17 patients) and severe viral infections (10/23 patients), particularly critical influenza pneumonia (6 patients), critical COVID-19 pneumonia (1 patient), and herpes simplex encephalitis (1 patient). The patients display various types of hyperinflammation, often triggered by viral infection or after LAV administration, which probably attests to unresolved viral infection in the absence of STAT2-dependent type I and III IFN immunity (7 patients). Transcriptomic analysis reveals that circulating monocytes, neutrophils, and CD8 memory T cells contribute to this inflammation. Eight patients died (35%, 2 months-7 years): one of HSV-1 encephalitis, one of fulminant hepatitis, and six of heart failure during a febrile illness with no identified etiology. 15 patients remain alive (5-40 years). AR complete STAT2 deficiency underlies severe viral diseases, with half of the patients surviving into teenage years or adulthood.
Fractal Microelectrodes for More Energy‐Efficient Cervical Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Jongcheon Lim, Calvin D. Eiber, Anina Sun, Amanda Maples, Terry L. Powley, Matthew P. Ward, Hyowon Lee
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has the potential to treat various peripheral dysfunctions, but the traditional cuff electrodes for VNS are susceptible to off‐target effects. Microelectrodes may enable highly selective VNS that can mitigate off‐target effects, but they suffer from the increased impedance. Recent studies on microelectrodes with non‐Euclidean geometries have reported higher energy efficiency in neural stimulation applications. These previous studies use electrodes with mm/cm‐scale dimensions, mostly targeted for myelinated fibers. This study evaluates fractal microelectrodes for VNS in a rodent model ( N = 3). A thin‐film device with fractal and circle microelectrodes is fabricated to compare their neural stimulation performance on the same radial coordinate of the nerve. The results show that fractal microelectrodes can activate C‐fibers with up to 52% less energy ( p = 0.012) compared to circle microelectrodes. To the best of the knowledge, this work is the first to demonstrate a geometric advantage of fractal microelectrodes for VNS in vivo.
Syria: A conflict-torn country and the COVID-19 conundrum
Authors: Sarya Swed, Mohammad B. Almoshantaf, Weaam Ezzdean, Muhammad M. Patwary, Sheikh Shoib
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Swed, Sarya MDa; Almoshantaf, Mohammad B. MDb,; Ezzdean, Weaam MDc; Patwary, Muhammad M.d; Shoib, Sheikhe Author Information
Application and development of noninvasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review
Authors: Dan Song, Fei Wang, Yongzhi Ju, Qianru He, Tingting Sun, Wanglong Deng, Ran Ding, Chao Zhang, Qing Xu, Chuang Qi, Jun Bao
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death (9.4% of the 9.9 million cancer deaths). However, CRC develops slowly, and early detection and intervention can effectively improve the survival rate and quality of life. Although colonoscopy can detect and diagnose CRC, it is unsuitable for CRC screening in average-risk populations. Some commercial kits based on DNA mutation or methylation are approved for screening, but the low sensitivity for advanced adenoma or early-stage CRC would limit the applications. Main results: Recently, researchers have focused on developing noninvasive or minimally invasive, easily accessible biomarkers with higher sensitivity and accuracy for CRC screening. Numerous reports describe advances in biomarkers, including DNA mutations and methylation, mRNA and miRNA, gut microbes, and metabolites, as well as low-throughput multiomics panels. In small cohorts, the specificity and sensitivity improved when fecal immunochemical testing combined with other biomarkers; further verification in large cohorts is expected. In addition, the continuous improvement of laboratory technology has also improved the sensitivity of detection technology, such as PCR, and the application of CRISPR/Cas technology. Besides, artificial intelligence has extensively promoted the mining of biomarkers. Machine learning was performed to construct a diagnosis model for CRC screening based on the cfDNA fragment features from whole-genome sequencing data. In another study, multiomics markers, including cfDNA, epigenetic, and protein signals, were also discovered by machine learning. Finally, advancements in sensor technology promote the applicability of volatile organic compounds in CRC early detection. Conclusion: Here, the authors review advances in early detection and screening of CRC based on different biomarker types. Most studies reported optimistic findings based on preliminary research, and prospective clinical studies are ongoing. These promising biomarkers are expected to more accurately identify early-stage patients with CRC and be applied in the future.
Role of local ablative treatment in oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chai Hong Rim, Won Kyung Cho, Sunmin Park, Won Sup Yoon, Dae Sik Yang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

This meta-analysis analyzed the oncologic role of local ablative treatment (LAT) in oligometastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer.Pubmed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched until October, 2022. Studies comparing LAT with standard care (control) were included. Sensitivity analyses were performed including randomized controlled studies (RCTs). Subgroup analyses were performed according to specific categories and metastatic burden. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Considering the median OS and PFS from landmark studies, 2-year OS and 1-year PFS rates were used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs).A total of 20 studies (four RCTs) encompassing 1750 patients were included. Surgery and radiotherapy (60 and 90% of studies) were mainly used as LATs. Pooled ORs of OS and PFS were 3.492 (95% CI:2.612-4.699, P <0.001) and 3.743 (95% CI: 2.586-5.419, P <0.001), favoring LAT, respectively. Sensitivity analyses, including RCTs showed ORs of 4.111 ( P <0.001) and 4.959 ( P =0.001) regarding OS and PFS, favoring LCT, respectively. Pooled 1-year and 2-year OS rates were 83.8 and 58.4% in LAT arms, whereas 64.4 and 31% in control arms; pooled 1-year and 2-year PFS rates were 64.6 and 32.8% in LAT arms, and 36.1 and 10% in control arms. In subgroup analyses, the pooled ORs were 3.981 ( P <0.001), 3.355 ( P <0.001), and 1.726 ( P =0.373) in synchronous, oligopersistence, and oligoprogression/recurrence subgroups, respectively. Regarding PFS comparison, pooled ORs were 5.631 ( P <0.001), 3.484 ( P <0.001), and 1.777 ( P =0.07), respectively. According to metastatic burden categories, pooled ORs favored LAT arms in both analyses including low-metastatic and high-metastatic burden subgroups.The present study supports the role of LAT in treating nonsmall cell lung cancer oligometastasis. The oligoprogression/recurrence disease could have less LAT benefit than synchronous or oligopersistent disease.
Need of Monkeypox animal vaccine and its global distribution: right time to address?
Authors: Ranjan K. Mohapatra, Snehasish Mishra, Lawrence S. Tuglo, Lakshmi V. S. Kutikuppala, Pranab K. Mohapatra, Venkataramana Kandi, Subrat K. Panda, Dhruv N. Desai
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Mohapatra, Ranjan K. PhD; Mishra, Snehasish PhD; Tuglo, Lawrence S. PhD; Kutikuppala, Lakshmi V. S. MBBS; Mohapatra, Pranab K. PhD; Kandi, Venkataramana PhD; Panda, Subrat K. PhD; Desai, Dhruv N. PhD Author Information
Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells: A potential therapeutic strategy for allergic rhinitis
Authors: Ming Wang, Ning Zhao, Chengshuo Wang, Zi‐Bing Jin, Luo Zhang
Journal: Allergy (2023)

Abstract Allergic rhinitis is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa that poses a significant burden on patients' health and quality of life. Current therapies for allergic rhinitis are unable to reinstate immune homeostasis or are restricted by specific allergens. Potential therapeutic strategies for allergic rhinitis are urgently needed. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are immune‐privileged, have strong immunomodulatory effects, and can be easily isolated from various sources. Thus, MSC‐based therapies demonstrate potential for treating inflammatory diseases. Recently, numerous studies have investigated the therapeutic effects of MSCs in animal models of allergic rhinitis. Here, we review the immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms of MSCs on allergic airway inflammation, especially allergic rhinitis, highlight the recent research regarding MSCs in the modulation of immune cells, and discuss the clinical potential of MSC‐based therapy for allergic rhinitis.
Safety and Efficacy of 68Ga- or 177Lu-Labeled DOTA-IBA as a Novel Theranostic Radiopharmaceutical for Bone Metastases
Authors: Lin Qiu, Yingwei Wang, Hanxiang Liu, Qixin Wang, Lin Chen, Lin Liu, Li Wang, Yue Feng, Yue Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

We designed and synthesized a novel theranostic bisphosphonate radiopharmaceutical ( 68 Ga- or 177 Lu-labeled DOTA-ibandronic acid [ 68 Ga/ 177 Lu-DOTA-IBA]) for bone metastasis. In this study, the dosimetry, safety, and efficacy of 68 Ga/ 177 Lu-DOTA-IBA as a theranostic radiopharmaceutical for bone metastases were evaluated in patients with malignancy based on 68 Ga- and 177 Lu-DOTA-IBA images, blood samples, and dosimetric analysis.Eighteen patients with bone metastasis and progression under conventional therapies were included in this study. Baseline 99m Tc-MDP SPECT and 68 Ga-DOTA-IBA PET/CT were performed for comparative purposes within 3 days. After receiving 891.5 ± 301.3 MBq 177 Lu-DOTA-IBA, serial 177 Lu-DOTA-IBA SPECT bone scan was performed over 14 days. Dosimetric evaluation was performed for main organs and tumor lesions. Safety was assessed by blood biomarkers. Karnofsky Performance Status, pain score, and follow-up 68 Ga-DOTA-IBA PET/CT were performed for response evaluation.Baseline 68 Ga-DOTA-IBA PET demonstrated a higher efficacy for detecting bone metastases compared with 99m Tc-MDP SPECT. The time-activity curves showed fast uptake and high retention of 177 Lu-DOTA-IBA in bone metastases (24 hours: 9.43 ± 2.75 %IA; 14 days: 5.45 ± 2.52 %IA). Liver, kidneys, and red marrow time-activity curves revealed a low uptake and fast clearance. The radiation-absorbed dose in bone metastasis lesions (6.40 ± 2.13 Gy/GBq) was significantly higher than that in red marrow (0.47 ± 0.19 Gy/GBq), kidneys (0.56 ± 0.19 Gy/GBq), or liver (0.28 ± 0.07 Gy/GBq), with all P 's < 0.001. Compared with baseline level, only one patient developed new grade 1 leukopenia (toxicity rate, 6%). The 177 Lu-DOTA-IBA therapy had no statistically significant effect on bone marrow hematopoietic function, liver function, and kidney function at any follow-up visit. Bone pain palliation was achieved in 82% (14/17) of patients. The 8-week follow-up 68 Ga-DOTA-IBA PET/CT demonstrated partial response in 3 patients, disease progression in 1 patient, and stable disease in 14 patients.68 Ga/ 177 Lu-DOTA-IBA provides a set of potential theranostic radiopharmaceuticals and may have a good prospect for the management of bone metastasis.
ZBP1 Protects Against mtDNA-Induced Myocardial Inflammation in Failing Hearts
Authors: Nobuyuki Enzan, Shouji Matsushima, Soichiro Ikeda, Kosuke Okabe, Akihito Ishikita, Taishi Yamamoto, Masashi Sada, Ryo Miyake, Yoshitomo Tsutsui, Ryohei Nishimura, Takayuki Toyohara, Yuki Ikeda, Yoko Shojima, Hiroko Deguchi Miyamoto, Tomonori Tadokoro, Masataka Ikeda, Kohtaro Abe, Tomomi Ide, Shintaro Kinugawa, Hiroyuki Tsutsui
Journal: Circulation Research (2023)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-induced myocardial inflammation is intimately involved in cardiac remodeling. ZBP1 (Z-DNA binding protein 1) is a pattern recognition receptor positively regulating inflammation in response to mtDNA in inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. However, the role of ZBP1 in myocardial inflammation and cardiac remodeling remains unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of ZBP1 in mtDNA-induced inflammation in cardiomyocytes and failing hearts.mtDNA was administrated into isolated cardiomyocytes. Myocardial infarctionwas conducted in wild type and ZBP1 knockout mice.We here found that, unlike in macrophages, ZBP1 knockdown unexpectedly exacerbated mtDNA-induced inflammation such as increases in IL (interleukin)-1β and IL-6, accompanied by increases in RIPK3 (receptor interacting protein kinase 3), phosphorylated NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB), and NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich-repeat family pyrin domain containing 3) in cardiomyocytes. RIPK3 knockdown canceled further increases in phosphorylated NF-κB, NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-6 by ZBP1 knockdown in cardiomyocytes in response to mtDNA. Furthermore, NF-κB knockdown suppressed such increases in NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-6 by ZBP1 knockdown in response to mtDNA. CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide, a Toll-like receptor 9 stimulator, increased RIPK3, IL-1β, and IL-6 and ZBP1 knockdown exacerbated them. Dloop, a component of mtDNA, but not Tert and B2m, components of nuclear DNA, was increased in cytosolic fraction from noninfarcted region of mouse hearts after myocardial infarction compared with control hearts. Consistent with this change, ZBP1, RIPK3, phosphorylated NF-κB, NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-6 were increased in failing hearts. ZBP1 knockout mice exacerbated left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction after myocardial infarction, accompanied by further increases in RIPK3, phosphorylated NF-κB, NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-6. In histological analysis, ZBP1 knockout increased interstitial fibrosis and myocardial apoptosis in failing hearts.Our study reveals unexpected protective roles of ZBP1 against cardiac remodeling as an endogenous suppressor of mtDNA-induced myocardial inflammation.
Comment on ‘A novel online calculator to predict early recurrence and long-term survival of patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A multicenter study’
Authors: Junsheng Gong
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Department of Hepatobiliary surger, YiWu Central Hospital, Zhejiang 322000, China Running Title: early recurrence and resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Department of Hepatobiliary surger, YiWu Central Hospital, Zhejiang 322000, China. E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Gong). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Managing Psoriatic Arthritis Patients Presenting with Axial Symptoms
Authors: Denis Poddubnyy
Journal: Drugs (2023)

Axial symptoms (i.e., back pain) are common in the general population. At the same time 25-70% of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) exhibit signs of inflammatory axial involvement (axial PsA). The presence of unexplained chronic (duration ≥ 3 months) back pain in a patient with psoriasis or PsA should trigger evaluation of the presence of axial involvement. Evaluation of axial involvement normally involves imaging of the axial skeleton (sacroiliac joints and/or spine) in addition to clinical and laboratory evaluation. Symptomatic patients with confirmed axial PsA are treated with a combination of non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic methods including the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tumour necrosis factor, interleukin 17, and Janus kinase inhibitors. Interleukin 23 blockade might also be effective in the axial domain of PsA; a dedicated clinical study is ongoing at present. Safety considerations, patient preference, as well as the presence of other disease manifestations (especially of extra-musculoskeletal manifestations-clinically relevant psoriasis, acute anterior uveitis, inflammatory bowel disease), define the choice of a specific drug or drug class.
Predictive Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for Assessment of Tumor Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Woo Seog Ko, Seong-Jang Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Objective The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracies of 18 F-FDG PET/CT for prediction of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in bladder cancer (BC) patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Patients and Methods The PubMed, Cochrane database, and Embase database were searched from inception through November 30, 2022 for studies evaluating diagnostic performance of 18 F-FDG PET/CT for prediction of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in BC patients. Based on data extracted from patient-based and lesion-based analysis, we calculated the pooled sensitivity and specificity with the 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Also, we calculated positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR−), and constructed summary receiver operating characteristic curves. Results Across 5 studies (12 results), the pooled sensitivity of 18 F-FDG PET/CT was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.72–0.91), and the pooled specificity was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.59–0.86). Likelihood ratio (LR) syntheses gave an overall positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 3.3 (95% CI, 2.0–5.6) and negative likelihood ratio (LR−) of 0.22 (95% CI, 0.12–0.38). The pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 15 (95% CI, 7–36). The pooled sensitivity of 18 F-FDG PET/CT for prediction of pathologic complete response was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.56–0.78), and the pooled specificity was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.60–0.88). The pooled sensitivity of 18 F-FDG PET/CT for prediction of clinical response and nonresponse was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.85–0.98), and a pooled specificity was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.42–0.91). Conclusions 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed a good diagnostic performance for prediction of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in BC patients.