tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Twenty‐five years of recombinant human growth factors rhPDGF‐BB and rhBMP‐2 in oral hard and soft tissue regeneration
Authors: Maria Elisa Galarraga‐Vinueza, Shayan Barootchi, Marc L. Nevins, Myron Nevins, Richard J. Miron, Lorenzo Tavelli
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2023)

Contemporary oral tissue engineering strategies involve recombinant human growth factor approaches to stimulate diverse cellular processes including cell differentiation, migration, recruitment, and proliferation at grafted areas. Recombinant human growth factor applications in oral hard and soft tissue regeneration have been progressively researched over the last 25 years. Growth factor-mediated surgical approaches aim to accelerate healing, tissue reconstruction, and patient recovery. Thus, regenerative approaches involving growth factors such as recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) and recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMPs) have shown certain advantages over invasive traditional surgical approaches in severe hard and soft tissue defects. Several clinical studies assessed the outcomes of rhBMP-2 in diverse clinical applications for implant site development and bone augmentation. Current evidence regarding the clinical benefits of rhBMP-2 compared to conventional therapies is inconclusive. Nevertheless, it seems that rhBMP-2 can promote faster wound healing processes and enhance de novo bone formation, which may be particularly favorable in patients with compromised bone healing capacity or limited donor sites. rhPDGF-BB has been extensively applied for periodontal regenerative procedures and for the treatment of gingival recessions, showing consistent and positive outcomes. Nevertheless, current evidence regarding its benefits at implant and edentulous sites is limited. The present review explores and depicts the current applications, outcomes, and evidence-based clinical recommendations of rhPDGF-BB and rhBMPs for oral tissue regeneration.
Pruritus is associated with longer hospital stays and higher costs in psychiatric inpatients from the USA National Inpatient Sample (2012–2015): a cross-sectional study
Authors: Siri C Choragudi, Luis F Andrade, Gil Yosipovitch
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

This national inpatient data analysis determined that, in addition to the increased costs and duration of hospital stay associated with pruritus, the prevalence of pruritus during inpatient psychiatric admissions in the USA is 18.6% (approximately 1 in 5 patients).
Unexpected Axillary Lymph Node Uptake During Lower-Limb Lymphoscintigraphy in a Case With Vulvar Lymphangioma Circumscriptum
Authors: Basak Soydas-Turan, Murat Tuncel
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Lymphoscintigraphy is a safe, minimally invasive, and well-established imaging modality for evaluating lymphatic drainage in patients with suspected lymphedema. We report a case of an 8-year-old girl with lymphangioma circumscriptum of the labium majora. She was referred to lymphoscintigraphy for swelling of the lower extremities. Scintigraphy showed widespread dermal backflow at bilateral lower limbs, aberrant uptake in the abdominal lymph nodes, and unexpected uptake in the right axillary lymph nodes.
Risk for Suicidal Behavior After Psychiatric Hospitalization Among Sexual and Gender Minority Patients
Authors: Brian C. Thoma, Emily Hone, Alyssa Roig, Elijah Goodfriend, EJ Jardas, Bradley Brummitt, Sarah Riston, Dara Sakolsky, Jamie Zelazny, Anna L. Marsland, Kehui Chen, Antoine B. Douaihy, David A. Brent, Nadine M. Melhem
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

The months following inpatient psychiatric hospitalization are a period of high risk for suicidal behavior. Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals have elevated risk for suicidal behavior, but no prior research has examined whether SGM inpatients have disproportionate risk for suicidal behavior following discharge from psychiatric hospitalization.To evaluate whether SGM patients have elevated risk for suicidal behavior following discharge from psychiatric hospitalization compared with heterosexual and cisgender patients and to examine whether differences in risk across groups were accounted for by demographic characteristics and clinical factors known to be associated with suicidal behavior.This prospective cohort study was conducted from August 2017 to July 2021 among inpatients aged 18 to 30 years who were voluntarily enrolled during psychiatric hospitalization. The study was conducted at an inpatient psychiatric hospital, with prospective data collected via follow-up visits and electronic health records.Onset and/or recurrence of suicidal behavior following discharge from psychiatric hospitalization, assessed at follow-up visits and through electronic health records.A total of 160 patients were included, with 56 sexual minority (SM) and 15 gender minority (GM) patients. The median (IQR) age of the patients was 23.5 (20.4-27.6) years, 77 (48%) reported male sex assigned at birth, and 114 (71%) identified their race as White. During the follow-up period, 33 suicidal behavior events occurred (among 21% of patients). SM (hazard ratio [HR], 2.02; 95% CI, CI, 1.02-4.00; log-rank P = .04) and GM (HR, 4.27; 95% CI, 1.75-10.40; log-rank P < .001) patients had significantly higher risk for suicidal behavior compared with their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts, respectively, in bivariable analyses. Risk between SM and heterosexual patients was not different after controlling for demographic characteristics and clinical factors associated with suicidal behavior. GM patients exhibited elevated risk during the 100 days following discharge even after controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics (HR, 3.80; 95% CI, 1.18-11.19; P = .03).Within this cohort study of psychiatric patients, SGM patients had higher risk for suicidal behavior than non-SGM patients following discharge. While SM patients' risk was accounted for by clinical characteristics, GM patients' risk for suicidal behavior was not accounted for by their acute psychiatric state on admission. Future studies with larger subsamples of GM individuals are needed, and inpatient clinicians must attend to the unique needs of SGM individuals to ensure they receive affirming services.
FDG PET/CT in Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma of the Jejunum With Hepatic Metastasis
Authors: Xia Ji, Aisheng Dong, Yang Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare malignancy. We describe contrast-enhanced CT and FDG PET/CT findings in a case of jejunal follicular dendritic cell sarcoma with hepatic metastasis. The primary jejunal tumor showed inhomogeneous enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT and intense FDG uptake on PET/CT mimicking adenocarcinoma or gastrointestinal stromal tumor. The hepatic metastatic tumor showed hypovascularity on contrast-enhanced CT and mild FDG uptake on PET/CT. This case indicates that follicular dendritic cell sarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of the hypermetabolic intestinal lesions.
Microneedles for advanced ocular drug delivery
Authors: Katie Glover, Deepakkumar Mishra, Shilpkala Gade, Lalitkumar K. Vora, Yu Wu, Alejandro J. Paredes, Ryan F. Donnelly, Thakur Raghu Raj Singh
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2023)

In the field of ocular drug delivery, topical delivery remains the most common treatment option for managing anterior segment diseases, whileintraocular injectionsare the current gold standard treatment option for treating posterior segment diseases. Nonetheless, topical eye drops are associated with low bioavailability (<5%), and theintravitreal administration procedure is highly invasive, yielding poor patient acceptability. In both cases, frequent administration is currently required. As a result, there is a clear unmet need for sustained drug delivery to the eye, particularly in a manner that can be localised. Microneedles, which are patches containing an array of micron-scale needles (<1 mm), have the potential to meet this need. These platforms can enable localised drug delivery to the eye while enhancing penetration of drug molecules through key ocular barriers, thereby improving overall therapeutic outcomes. Moreover, the minimally invasive manner in which microneedles are applied could provide significant advantages over traditional intravitreal injections regarding patient acceptability. Considering the benefitsofthis novel ocular delivery system, this review provides an in-depth overviewofthe microneedle systems for ocular drug delivery, including the types of microneedles used and therapeutics delivered. Notably, we outline and discuss the current challenges associated with the clinical translation of these platforms and offer opinions on factors which should be considered to improve such transition from lab to clinic.
A superb way to split hairs
Authors: Jane Li, Jack Green
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Journal Article Accepted manuscript A superb way to split hairs Get access Jane Li, Jane Li Department of Medicine (Dermatology), St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, AustraliaThe Skin Health Institute, Carlton, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Dermatology, Box Hill Hospital, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jack Green Jack Green Department of Medicine (Dermatology), St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, AustraliaThe Skin Health Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia Corresponding author: Jack Green Email:Jack@westderm.net.au Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, ljad337, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljad337 Published: 08 September 2023 Article history Received: 03 September 2023 Accepted: 07 September 2023 Published: 08 September 2023
A Head-to-Head Comparison of 68Ga-LNC1007 and 2-18F-FDG/68Ga-FAPI-02 PET/CT in Patients With Various Cancers
Authors: Jie Zang, Rong Lin, Xuejun Wen, Chao Wang, Tianzhi Zhao, Vivianne Jakobsson, Yun Yang, Xiaoming Wu, Zhide Guo, Xiaoyuan Chen, Jingjing Zhang, Weibing Miao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

This head-to-head comparison study was designed to investigate the radiotracer uptake and clinical feasibility of using 68Ga-LNC1007, to detect the primary and metastatic lesions in patients with various types of cancer, and to compare the results with those of 2-18F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-FAPI-02 PET/CT.Sixty-one patients with 10 different kinds of cancers were enrolled in this study. Among them, 50 patients underwent paired 68Ga-LNC1007 and 2-18F-FDG PET/CT, and the other 11 patients underwent paired 68Ga-LNC1007 and 68Ga-FAPI-02 PET/CT. The final diagnosis was based on histopathological results and diagnostic radiology. Immunohistochemistry for FAP and integrin αvβ3 was performed in 24 primary tumors.68Ga-LNC1007 PET/CT detected all 55 primary tumors, whereas 2-18F-FDG PET/CT was visually positive for 45 primary tumors (P = 0.002). Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed that 68Ga-LNC1007 PET/CT was superior to 2-18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing renal cell carcinomas and hepatocellular carcinomas. For metastatic tumors, 68Ga-LNC1007 PET/CT revealed more PET-positive lesions and higher SUVmax for skeletal metastases and peritoneal metastases compared with 2-18F-FDG. The SUVmax and tumor-to-background ratio of primary tumors on 68Ga-LNC1007 PET/CT were much higher than those on 68Ga-FAPI-02 PET/CT, the same was also observed for metastatic tumors. Immunohistochemical results showed that the SUVmean quantified from 68Ga-LNC1007 PET was correlated with FAP expression level (r = 0.564, P = 0.005).68Ga-LNC1007 is a promising new diagnostic PET tracer for imaging of various kinds of malignant lesions. It may be a better alternative to 2-18F-FDG for diagnosing renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, skeletal metastases, and peritoneal metastases.
Increased 18F-FAPI Uptake in Radiation-Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Jing Zhang, Shuqin Jiang, Rusen Zhang, Linqi Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

A 51-year-old woman with breast cancer underwent a complete surgical resection and chemoradiotherapy approximately 3 months ago. Follow-up abdominal ultrasound detected a new lesion with decreased echogenicity in the hepatic segment IV/VIII. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed the hepatic lesion without abnormal uptake. The patient was subsequently enrolled in a clinical trial of 18F-FAPI PET/CT to assess the hepatic lesion. An intense 18F-FAPI activity was identified in the hepatic lesion. Finally, pathological analysis combined with imaging follow-up confirmed the diagnosis of radiation-induced liver injury.
SHP2: A Pleiotropic Target at the Interface of Cancer and Its Microenvironment
Authors: Nicole M. Sodir, Gaurav Pathria, Joanne I. Adamkewicz, Elizabeth H. Kelley, Jawahar Sudhamsu, Mark Merchant, Roberto Chiarle, Danilo Maddalo
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2023)

Abstract The protein phosphatase SHP2/PTPN11 has been reported to be a key modulator of proliferative pathways in a wide range of malignancies. Intriguingly, SHP2 has also been described as a critical regulator of the tumor microenvironment. Based on this evidence SHP2 is considered a multifaceted target in cancer, spurring the notion that the development of direct inhibitors of SHP2 would provide the twofold benefit of tumor intrinsic and extrinsic inhibition. In this review, we will discuss the role of SHP2 in cancer and the tumor microenvironment, and the clinical strategies in which SHP2 inhibitors are leveraged as combination agents to improve therapeutic response. Significance: The SHP2 phosphatase functions as a pleiotropic factor, and its inhibition not only hinders tumor growth but also reshapes the tumor microenvironment. Although their single-agent activity may be limited, SHP2 inhibitors hold the potential of being key combination agents to enhance the depth and the durability of tumor response to therapy.
Burden of tuberculosis among vulnerable populations worldwide: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Stefan Litvinjenko, Olivia Magwood, Shishi Wu, Xiaolin Wei
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2023)

BackgroundTuberculosis is a communicable disease of public health concern that inequitably impacts the most vulnerable populations worldwide. Vulnerable populations are those with a high risk for tuberculosis disease and whose disadvantaged or marginalised socioeconomic position limits their access to the health system. We conducted an overview of reviews that aimed to assess the burden (ie, prevalence and incidence) of tuberculosis disease among 12 vulnerable populations globally.MethodsWe did an overview of reviews using a systematic search in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Database for Systematic Reviews for articles published in English, French, and Chinese, from Jan 1, 2010 to March 8, 2023. We did an initial search on Oct 28, 2021, and updated our search on March 8, 2023. We included systematic and scoping reviews reporting on the prevalence or incidence of active tuberculosis among 12 vulnerable populations. Evidence gaps were supplemented with primary or secondary database studies. Study characteristics and outcome data related to tuberculosis burden were tabulated, including prevalence ratios and incidence rate ratios, and evidence was synthesised narratively. This trial is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022324421).FindingsWe screened 13 169 citations and included 44 publications (23 reviews and 21 primary or database studies) in the final synthesis. The comprehensiveness and methodological quality of the evidence differed across population groups. Prevalence of more than 1000 cases per 100 000 were reported in all vulnerable populations. On the basis of pooled estimates, prevalence ratios were often more than 25 among people experiencing homelessness, incarcerated populations, refugees, asylum seekers, and people living with HIV compared with the general population. Incidence was infrequently reported, with the best-available incidence rate ratios documented for people who were incarcerated. There was scarce evidence specific to miners, nomadic populations, sex workers, men who have sex with men, and transgender individuals.InterpretationThe burden of tuberculosis is substantially higher among vulnerable populations than general populations, suggesting a need for improved integration of these groups, including dedicated efforts for their identification, targeted screening and prevention measures, as well as treatment support.FundingWHO.
COPD and multimorbidity: recognising and addressing a syndemic occurrence
Authors: Leonardo M Fabbri, Bartolome R Celli, Alvar Agustí, Gerard J Criner, Mark T Dransfield, Miguel Divo, Jamuna K Krishnan, Lies Lahousse, Maria Montes de Oca, Sundeep S Salvi, Daiana Stolz, Lowie E G W Vanfleteren, Claus F Vogelmeier
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2023)
New Therapeutic Approaches to Large-Vessel Vasculitis
Authors: Mahmut S. Kaymakci, Kenneth J. Warrington, Tanaz A. Kermani
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2023)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK) are large-vessel vasculitides affecting the aorta and its branches. Arterial damage from these diseases may result in ischemic complications, aneurysms, and dissections. Despite their similarities, the management of GCA and TAK differs. Glucocorticoids are used frequently but relapses are common, and glucocorticoid toxicity contributes to significant morbidity. Conventional immunosuppressive therapies can be beneficial in TAK, though their role in the management of GCA remains unclear. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors improve remission rates and appear to limit vascular damage in TAK; these agents are not beneficial in GCA. Tocilizumab is the first biologic glucocorticoid-sparing agent approved for use in GCA and also appears to be effective in TAK. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of both conditions and the availability of targeted therapies hold much promise for future management.
G Protein–Coupled Receptor Signaling: New Insights Define Cellular Nanodomains
Authors: Martin J. Lohse, Andreas Bock, Manuela Zaccolo
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2023)

G protein-coupled receptors are the largest and pharmacologically most important receptor family and are involved in the regulation of most cell functions. Most of them reside exclusively at the cell surface, from where they signal via heterotrimeric G proteins to control the production of second messengers such as cAMP and IP
When I use a word . . . The ICMJE requirements and recommendations
Authors: Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2023)

In 1978, following a meeting in Vancouver, a group of editors of leading medical journals, the Vancouver Group, published a draft report outlining proposed requirements for standardising the format of citations and suggesting standard ways of preparing and submitting papers for publication in biomedical journals. The first formal version of the requirements was published in 1979, and since then the group, now known as the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), has published further versions of the document, the title of which was changed in 2013 to the ICMJE Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. These documents have been greatly influential in biomedical publishing and have played an important part in various ways: encouraging publication of protocols in advance of studies; in the establishment of trial registries; in encouraging compliance with requirements for trial registration; in revealing potential conflicts of interest; in identifying publications that raise concerns and may be considered for retraction; in defining the nature of a peer reviewed journal; and many other matters. However, it is not clear to what extent the requirements/recommendations have helped authors rather than editors and may have encouraged journals to focus more on process than on content. A systematic review of the evidence that reflects the extent to which the requirements/recommendations laid down in the ICMJE documents have been effective and beneficial in changing publication practices in biomedical journals would be of interest.
Hemostasis without clot formation: how platelets guard the vasculature in inflammation, infection, and malignancy
Authors: Rainer Kaiser, Raphael Escaig, Leo Nicolai
Journal: Blood (2023)

Platelets are key vascular effectors in hemostasis, with activation signals leading to fast recruitment, aggregation, and clot formation. The canonical process of hemostasis is well-characterized and shares many similarities with pathological thrombus formation. However, platelets are also crucially involved in the maintenance of vascular integrity under both steady-state and inflammatory conditions by ensuring blood vessel homeostasis and preventing microbleeds. In these settings, platelets use distinct receptors, signaling pathways, and ensuing effector functions to carry out their deeds. Instead of simply forming clots, they mainly act as individual sentinels that swiftly adapt their behavior to the local microenvironment. In this review, we summarize previously recognized and more recent studies that have elucidated how anucleate, small platelets manage to maintain vascular integrity when faced with challenges of infection, sterile inflammation, and even malignancy. We dissect how platelets are recruited to the vascular wall, how they identify sites of injury, and how they prevent hemorrhage as single cells. Furthermore, we discuss mechanisms and consequences of platelets' interaction with leukocytes and endothelial cells, the relevance of adhesion as well as signaling receptors, in particular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif receptors, and cross talk with the coagulation system. Finally, we outline how recent insights into inflammatory hemostasis and vascular integrity may aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent hemorrhagic events and vascular dysfunction in patients who are critically ill.