tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prophylaxis of first hemorrhage from esophageal varices by sclerotherapy, propranolol or both in cirrhotic patients: A randomized multicenter trial
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The objective of this randomized multicenter trial was to assess the prophylactic effect on the incidence and severity of the first variceal hemorrhage of endoscopic sclerotherapy, propranolol and the combination of the two compared with none of these treatments in patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices. Among 819 cirrhotic patients who never had experienced variceal bleeding, esophagoscopy revealed varices in 379, of whom 286 were enrolled in the trial; 73 were allocated to sclerotherapy (paravenous polidocanol [10 mg/ml] every 1 to 2 wk until eradication), 68 to propranolol (slow-release preparation in one daily dose adjusted to provide about 25% heart rate reduction), 73 to both treatments and 72 to neither of the two treatments. The patients were observed for up to 42 mo, with an average of 15 mo. After variceal bleeding, patients in all groups received sclerotherapy only. The incidences of variceal bleeding (n = 50) were almost identical in the four groups. The relative risk (with 95% confidence limits) with sclerotherapy was 1.06 (0.61 to 1.84), and the relative risk with propranolol was 0.92 (0.53 to 1.60). The mortality rate after variceal bleeding (n = 29) did not differ significantly either. The mortality rate without variceal bleeding (n = 46) was 2.75 (1.45 to 5.22) times higher in the sclerotherapy groups than in the nonsclerotherapy groups (p = 0.002), whereas propranolol showed no effect, the relative risk being 1.17 (0.66 to 2.10). The total mortality rate showed no significant difference between the sclerotherapy, propranolol and control groups, but the combined therapy group had a significantly increased mortality rate. This trial yielded evidence against prophylaxis of variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis by endoscopic sclerosing injections, with or without propranolol, and no support of propranolol used alone. Hepatology 1991;14:000-000.)
From the Health Resources and Services Administration
Authors: R. G. Harmon
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
BLOOD CONCENTRATION AND ITS TREATMENT
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Autologous Nonmyeloablative Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Pablo R. Olmos
Journal: JAMA (2009)

To the Editor: The study by Dr Couri and colleagues1 provided follow-up of a preliminary report.2 The current article included 23 patients, with a mean follow-up that was increased from 18.8 to 29.8 months.
Ebola
Authors: Paula Tatarunis
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SAT0031 Tofacitinib Regulates Synovial Inflammation in Psoriatic Arthritis, Inhibiting Stat Activation and Induction of Negative Feedback Inhibitors
Authors: W. Gao, T. McGarry, C. Orr, D.J. Veale, U. Fearon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) is a common, chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease, characterised by synovitis, progressive destruction of articular cartilage/bone, and is associated with psoriasis. Janus Kinase and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT), a critical signalling pathway involved in inflammatory mechanisms, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PsA. <h3>Objectives</h3> To examine the effect of Tofacitinib (JAK inhibitor) on pro-inflammatory mechanisms in PsA. <h3>Methods</h3> Primary cultures of PsA synovial fibroblasts (PsA SFC) and whole tissue PsA <i>ex vivo</i> synovial explants were established from PsA biopsies obtained at arthroscopy, and cultured in the presence of Tofacitinib (1μM). Phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3), phospho-STAT1 (p-STAT1), Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (SOCS3) and Protein Inhibitor of Activated Stat 3 (PIAS3) expression was quantified by Western Blot. The effect of Tofacitinib on PsA SFC migration, invasion, matrigel network formation and MMP2/9 was quantified by wound repair assays, transwell invasion chambers and zymography. Spontaneous secretion of IL-6, IL-8, MMP3 and TIMP3 by PsA synovial explants was assessed by ELISA. <h3>Results</h3> Tofacitinib significantly decreased p-STAT3, p-STAT1 and induced SOCS3 and PIAS3 expression in PsA SFC and synovial tissue explant cultures <i>ex vivo</i> (all p&lt;0.05). Functionally, PsA SFC invasion, matrigel network formation and migration were inhibited in the presence Tofacitinib (all p&lt;0.05). In PsA explant cultures Tofacitinib significantly decreased spontaneous secretion of IL-6 (p&lt;0.05), IL-8 (p&lt;0.05), MMP9/MMP2, MMP3 (p&lt;0.05) and decreased the MMP3/TIMP3 ratio (p&lt;0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study demonstrates that Tofacitinib inhibits pro-inflammatory mechanisms in PsA, further supporting JAK-STAT inhibition as a therapeutic target for the treatment of PsA. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> W. Gao: None declared, T. McGarry: None declared, C. Orr: None declared, D. veale Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD, Pfizer, Roche, Consultant for: Pfizer, Roche, Speakers bureau: Abbott, MSD, Pfizer, Roche, U. fearon: None declared
Rapid diagnosis of sputum negative miliary tuberculosis using the flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Predictive value of sputum cytologyThe paper by Dr J Benbassat and others (March 1987;42:165-72) contained miscalculations in two areas.The first relates to the calculated age and sex specific annual incidence rates (per 100 000 population) ofcancer of the lung and bronchi by smoking habit in table 3.This should read as in the table below.
General Health Status of Children With <scp>d</scp> -Transposition of the Great Arteries After the Arterial Switch Operation
Authors: Carolyn Dunbar-Masterson, David Wypij, David C. Bellinger, Leonard A. Rappaport, Annette L. Baker, Richard A. Jonas, Jane W. Newburger
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background To study the long-term impact on general health status of d -transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) after the arterial switch operation (ASO) during infancy, we asked parents to complete the Child Health Questionnaire, Parent Form-50 when their children were 8 years old. Methods and Results Of 160 eligible patients, questionnaires were completed for 155 subjects (96%). Median age at surgery was 6 days (range 1 to 67 days), and median age at completion of the Child Health Questionnaire was 8.1 years (7.6 to 10.0 years). Subsequent to questionnaire completion, children underwent psychometric testing. Mean Physical Health Summary and Psychosocial Summary scores were 54.0±6.1 and 49.7±9.9, respectively, which were similar to those of normal subjects. Compared with the normative sample, parents of D-TGA patients reported more problems with attention, learning, and speech, as well as greater frequency of developmental delay ( P &lt;0.001 for each). Worse Psychosocial Summary scores were significantly associated with lower full-scale IQ ( P =0.001) and lower achievement in reading ( P =0.005) and math ( P =0.007). Worse Physical Health Summary scores were associated with longer hospital stay after the ASO ( P =0.02). General health status scores were not significantly related to presence of ventricular septal defect, age at surgery, perfusion variables during the ASO, sex, or history of cardiac reoperation. Conclusions At age 8 years, children with D-TGA after ASO have an overall physical and psychosocial health status similar to that of the general population. Lower IQ and academic achievement are associated with worse psychosocial health status, whereas longer hospital course after initial surgery is associated with worse physical health status.
Medical genetics
Authors: James V. Neel
Journal: JAMA (1963)

With the introduction of instruction in genetics into the medical school curriculum there is a real need for a text suitable for a course of 15 to 20 lectures. This book of five chapters meets such a need adequately. It deals entirely with the basic concepts of genetics, illustrated for the most part by human examples, with a minimum of mathematics. No effort is made at systematic coverage of organ systems and, indeed, such an effort would be out of place in so brief a book. There is a useful glossary of genetic terms, as well as a medical glossary, the latter of little value to the medical student or physician but presumably helpful to the nonmedically oriented reader. The section on mutations is unusually long for so brief a book and undoubtedly reflects the great current interest in this subject. It is recommended reading, although in discussing the "resolving
Mobile physician command. A new dimension in civilian telemetry-rescue systems
Authors: J. C. Hirschman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The Miami (Fla) Emergency Care system, first to make regular use of radio telemetry of electrocardiograms to hospital-based physicians, now also employs physicians who, while moving freely about in their normal professional practices, supplement and occasionally replace the hospital physicians. The expansion of this emergency care system, accomplished by belt-carried walkie-talkie radio, frees the system from dependence on the hospitalbase station and elevates the level of care. This medical command model is applicable to practically all communities. (<i>JAMA</i>230:255-258, 1974)
Systematic Review of Combination Drug Therapy for Non-neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Authors: Maurizio Serati, Karl-Erik Andersson, Roger Dmochowski, Enrico Finazzi Agrò, John Heesakkers, Valerio Iacovelli, Giacomo Novara, Vik Khullar, Christopher Chapple
Journal: European Urology (2018)
TREATMENT OF PNEUMONIA.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
272. Conversion of a Tumor-Binding Peptide Identified by Phage Display to a Functional Chimeric T-Cell Antigen Receptor
Authors: Colette R.J. Pameijer, Araceli Hamlett, Bessie Meechovet, Jamie Buckmaster, Brenda Aguilar, Christine Wright, Wen- Chung Chang, Christine E. Brown, Michael C. Jensen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded tumor-specific T-cells is a promising therapeutic modality for promoting or augmenting anti- tumor immunity. Several groups, including ours, are developing antigen receptor gene transfer strategies as a means of generating effector cells for adoptive therapy. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have been described that use single-chain antibodies or cytokine ligands as tumor targeting domains. Here, we describe the capacity of a tumor-binding peptide identified by phage display combinatorial library screening to serve as a CAR targeting domain (Bpep-CAR). A phage library-selected high-affinity 12-mer peptide specific for alpha(v) beta(6) integrin (avb6) was chosen for these studies. Primary human T-cells were genetically modified to express the Bpep-CAR consisting of an avb6-specific peptide human IgG4 hinge-Fc extracellular domain fused to cytoplasmic tail of CD3-z. T-cell expression of the Bpep-CAR was assessed by Western blot analysis, and trafficking of the Bpep-CAR to the cell surface was demonstrated by flow cytometry. Functionally, Bpep-CAR redirected CTLs specifically kill integrin avb6+ ovarian tumor targets, and are activated for IFN-g secretion. Our data suggest that large new repertoires of tumor-specific T-cell antigen receptor transgenes might be available through merging combinatorial peptide libraries with pep-CAR construct design.
Long-term use of nicotine chewing gum. Occurrence, determinants, and effect on weight gain
Authors: P. Hajek
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Among 538 clients of a Smokers Clinic who were treated with 2-mg nicotine chewing gum, 34 (6.3%) were still using the gum at one-year follow-up. This group represented 25% of lapse-free abstainers. At one-year follow-up, long-term gum users were using an average of 6.8 pieces of gum per day. Long-term gum users were similar to treatment failures in cigarette consumption and tobacco dependence, while "gum-free" successes were significantly lighter and less-dependent smokers. Long-term gum users used more gum during the four weeks of treatment than treatment failures, who in turn used more than the gum-free successes. It is suggested that for many the long-term use of gum was an essential ingredient of their success. Long-term gum users gained significantly less weight than other long-term treatment successes. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:1593-1596)
Abstract 3349: Collected experiences of young-onset colorectal cancer caregivers
Authors: Kimberley L. Newcomer, Ronit Yarden, Never Too Young Advisory
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract The Colorectal Cancer Alliance launched a survey for caregivers of young-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and survivors. A caregiver of young-onset CRC is an unpaid or paid member of a person's social network who helps them with activities of daily living. Caregivers who participated in our survey (n=427) are diverse: in age, gender, and racial/ethnic group. The majority of them were between the ages of 30-39. The caregivers reported they faced many challenges including lack of resources and information on young-onset disease and the course of the disease progression. Also, many caregivers indicated they had difficulty understanding the different treatment options offered by the physicians as well as the risk and long-term side-effects associated with these aggressive treatments. Only 40 percent of providers talked to patients about genetic testing and explained to the patient's family member their elevated risk of the disease and the associated need for timely screening. The majority of caregivers (59%) reported that their loved one experienced changes in their ability to perform expected social tasks, including those of a spouse, child rearer, friend, or worker. Some caregivers also mentioned the loss of sexuality, depression, pain, despair, lack of sleep, sadness, and stress, along with a loss of faith and hope, which may cause additional strain on their relationships. Thirty-two percent of caregivers reported insufficient psychosocial (66%) and financial support (44%) to effectively care for their patients. Participants also indicated that resources such as transportation, child care, household maintenance, prevention, and surveillance information for family members are limited. Overall, about one in three caregivers reported they were missing 24 hours or more of work each month to care for their loved one. A caregiver stated she needed, “Emotional and basic help around the house with her children and someone responsible enough to stay in the house to understand what we were going through as a family.” Taken together, our survey indicates that additional resources are needed to improve the ability for caregivers to manage everyday tasks, potentially helping caregivers feel more organized and in control. The ability of caregivers to care for themselves and use tools to care for their loved ones will reduce emotional and physical demands involved with caregiving that can cause strain and burnout. The Alliance will use these survey results to learn about and track the self-reported medical, psychosocial, and quality of life experiences of this often overlooked group. Citation Format: Kimberley L. Newcomer, Ronit Yarden, Never Too Young Advisory. Collected experiences of young-onset colorectal cancer caregivers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3349.
Epilepsy Surgery
Authors: Carolyn J. Hildreth
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Epilepsy Surgery E pilepsy is a disorder of brain function that causes recurrent seizures (convulsions).Seizures are due to abnormal bursts of electrical activity in the brain that can affect consciousness, movement, vision, behavior, or speech.Individuals with epilepsy are usually treated by a neurologist (physician specializing in brain and nervous system disorders) who often prescribes medications to control the seizures.Sometimes several different medications need to be tried alone or in combination in order to control seizures.If the seizures are not controlled with 3 anticonvulsant drugs, the seizures are considered intractable (persisting despite treatment) and surgery should be considered.Surgery is most often successful for people who have a specific area of the brain identified as the focus for their seizures.The December 3, 2008, issue of JAMA includes 2 articles about surgical treatment of intractable seizures.
Triple combination therapy for HIV is effective
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Some caution is needed in interpreting Cochrane reviewsCochrane reviews contain methodological and other weaknesses, in particular the over-rating by the reviewers in their conclusions of the benefits of new interventions.Olsen and colleagues (p 829) assessed the quality of a sample of 53 reviews first published in the Cochrane Library in 1998 and found major problems in 15.The evidence did not fully support the conclusion in nine reviews, the conduct or reporting was unsatisfactory in 12, and stylistic problems (such as errors in spelling or grammar) occurred in 12.The authors say that although the Cochrane Library remains a key source of evidence on the effects of health interventions, the reviews should be interpreted cautiously.
Guidelines on the use of thrombolytic agents in stroke
Authors: M. J. Alberts
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Various thrombolytic agents are currently being evaluated for efficacy and safety in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.<sup>1-4</sup>At present, their safety and efficacy in treatment of acute stroke are unproven, and recent stroke remains a specific contraindication for the use of thrombolytic agents.<sup>5</sup>If these agents are found to be beneficial for survivors of acute stroke, they may have a narrow therapeutic index. Because thrombolytic agents are available for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, some physicians are using these agents to treat stroke patients who are not participating in approved research protocols. In some instances, the physicians overseeing the treatment have little or no experience in the use of such agents in stroke patients. In our opinion, such practices place stroke patients at undue risk for serious complications related to the administration of these agents. Based on these concerns and the fact that