tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trying to Consider Cancer Therapy Alternatives, Assessors of Technology Appear to Come Up Short
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

WHEN IT COMES to attempts to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of unconventional methods of treating cancer, there appears to be no meeting of minds, whether the subject be a particular treatment or the methods of assessing it. The latest attempt, a massive 3-year effort by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), seems doomed even before it appears in print. Better no report at all than this draft, Frank D. Wiewel of People Against Cancer told an OTA advisory panel at an unusual public hearing on the report. Wiewel was one of a group who pushed Congress into getting the OTA to take a look at alternative cancer therapies. Now he says he's sorry he made the effort. Although Wiewel was one of the more vociferous critics of the draft, even relatively quiet-spoken academicians, such as campus historian Patricia Spain Ward of the University of Illinois at Chicago Circle, told
Association of Induced Abortion With Subsequent Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Ann Aschengrau Levin
Journal: JAMA (1980)

We compared prior pregnancy histories of two groups of multigravidas—240 women having a pregnancy loss up to 28 weeks' gestation and 1,072 women having a term delivery. Women who had had two or more prior induced abortions had a twofold to threefold increase in risk of first-trimester spontaneous abortion, loss between 14 to 19 and 20 to 27 weeks. The increased risk was present for women who had legal induced abortions since 1973. It was not explained by smoking status, history of prior spontaneous loss, prior abortion method, or degree of cervical dilatation. No increase in risk of pregnancy loss was detected among women with a single prior induced abortion. We conclude that multiple induced abortions do increase the risk of subsequent pregnancy losses up to 28 weeks' gestation. (<i>JAMA</i>243:2495-2499, 1980)
Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis
Authors: Thomas E. Dobbs, Risa M. Webb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

This chapter reviews the underlying principles of tuberculosis (TB) chemotherapy, medical management, and current treatment recommendations. TB is caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, with M. tuberculosis being responsible for the vast majority of disease. Early in the history of anti-TB chemotherapy, the highly effective agent streptomycin (SM) was applied as monotherapy. Current first-line regimens consist of three or four agents that, in concert, can eradicate organisms within all compartments and prevent the development of drug resistance. Isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RIF), pyrazinamide (PZA), ethambutol (EMB), and SM are the five standard first-line agents. Elevated transaminases, clinical hepatitis, and peripheral neuropathy are among the most common adverse events seen with INH. M. tuberculosis strains resistant to SM may be susceptible to other aminoglycosides, but the susceptibility to each agent must be confirmed by resistance testing. The drugs used in the standard treatment of pulmonary TB are recommended for all extrapulmonary TB. In patients with renal dysfunction, PZA and EMB dosing should be adjusted. Serum levels of drugs should be obtained to ensure adequate treatment if any question of adequacy exists. Patients may require intramuscular and intravenous treatment regimens until oral absorption can be ensured. Diagnosis of TB is often based on smear microscopy without culture. Fixed-dose combinations of anti-TB agents are recommended to prevent the use of inadequate regimens and monotherapy.
Abstract 21206: Manf, a Structurally Unique Redox-Sensitive Chaperone, Restores ER-Protein Folding in the Ischemic Heart
Authors: Adrian Arrieta, Erik A Blackwood, Winston T Stauffer, Michelle Santo Domingo, Donna J Thuerauf, Shirin Doroudgar, Christopher C Glembotski
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Rationale: In cardiomyocytes, most secreted and membrane proteins are synthesized and folded in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER). We previously showed that during myocardial ischemia, decreased oxygen creates a reducing environment in the SR/ER, preventing protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) from forming disulfide bonds in nascent proteins, causing ER stress, i.e. the toxic accumulation of unfolded proteins which contributes to cardiomyocyte death. In response to ER stress, the transcription factor, ATF6 induces chaperones that restore SR/ER protein folding. We found that ATF6 also induces mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), a recently identified protein of unknown function. MANF is structurally unique, so its function cannot be inferred from other proteins. Since MANF is induced by ATF6, is ER-localized, and possesses a conserved pattern of cysteines found in all known species of MANF, we hypothesized that MANF is a redox-regulated chaperone that optimizes cardiomyocyte viability during ischemia. Methods: The ability of MANF to bind misfolded proteins during reductive ER stress or ischemia were assessed in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM). The ability of recombinant MANF (rMANF) to suppress aggregation of misfolded proteins was examined in an in vitro chaperone assay. Finally, the effects of MANF loss-of-function in the ischemic heart, in vivo , were determined by generating a transgenic mouse model that expresses a cardiomyocyte-specific MANF-targeted microRNA. Results: In NRVM subjected to reductive ER stress or simulated ischemia, MANF formed disulfide-linked complexes with misfolded proteins. Under reducing conditions, rMANF suppressed aggregation of model misfolded proteins in vitro , and mutant rMANF in which the cysteine residues were mutated to alanine did not suppress misfolded protein aggregation. MANF knockdown in the heart, in vivo , increased damage from myocardial infarction, and an AAV9-based gene therapy approach rescued the effects of MANF deficiency, in vivo . Conclusions: MANF is a redox-sensitive SR/ER-resident chaperone that is a critical contributor to SR/ER protein folding during the adaptive ER stress response and decreases tissue damage in the ischemic heart.
Bilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage in an Adult
Authors: Stewart G. Albert
Journal: JAMA (1982)

ACUTE bilateral adrenal hemorrhage has been reported in postoperative patients,<sup>1</sup>in patients with hemorrhagic diatheses,<sup>2,3</sup>and in association with severe stress and hypotension.<sup>4</sup>The diagnosis is considered infrequently before death because symptoms may be masked or ascribed to more common clinical conditions. Twelve days after an uncomplicated surgical procedure, a patient with a mild hemorrhagic diathesis experienced acute bilateral adrenal hemorrhage. The symptoms and signs were initially ascribed to more common postoperative complications. The routine laboratory evaluation results did not suggest adrenal insufficiency. The diagnosis of acute adrenal hemorrhage and adrenal insufficiency was suggested by computed tomography (CT) and confirmed by a cosyntropin stimulation test. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 46-year-old man was admitted for removal of an accessory spleen because of thrombocytopenia. A diagnosis of poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, stage 3B, had been made four years earlier. Splenectomy had been performed at the initial staging laparotomy.
Histopathology of the Teeth and Their Surrounding Structures
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HLA Typing for Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Ann B. Begovich
Journal: JAMA (1995)

BONE MARROW transplantation, first introduced into clinical practice in the 1960s, has now become an accepted form of therapy for a variety of hematologic malignancies as well as a number of other cancers, inherited blood disorders, immunodeficiency syndromes, and certain metabolic diseases.<sup>1,2</sup>In general, the purpose of bone marrow transplantation is to (1) replace malignant or genetically defective hematopoietic stem cells with healthy, fully functional stem cells; (2) allow the cancer patient to survive the high-dose radiation and/or chemotherapy required to destroy the malignant cells; and (3) in the case of certain cancers, provide a source of immunocompetent cells that can destroy any residual malignant cells (graft vs leukemia effect).<sup>3-5</sup>The clinical procedure of bone marrow transplantation involves the destruction of the patient's own marrow by irradiation and/or chemotherapy followed by the infusion of healthy bone marrow obtained from another individual (an allogeneic transplant). In cases of solid
Retraining Physicians for Primary Care
Authors: Itzhak Jacoby
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the number and kinds of programs that medical schools and managed care organizations offer or plan to offer to retrain physician specialists to practice primary care medicine and to discover physicians' attitudes toward such retraining. <h3>Design.</h3> —A survey was mailed in 1994 to all 126 medical schools and the 19 largest US managed care organizations to collect detailed information about existing and potential retraining programs. Physicians' attitudes toward retraining were elicited from participants in 3 geographically diverse focus groups. Selected specialists were polled through the national survey of the American Medical Association's Socioeconomic Monitoring System to ascertain the demand for retraining. <h3>Results.</h3> —The majority of institutions contacted perceived a need for retraining, but few programs had been established. Programs being "considered" varied widely in duration, class size, target audience, accreditation, and projected training settings. Although unenthusiastic about retraining, physicians preferred programs that would expand their patient base, maintain the practice population, be inexpensive and close to home, and provide hands-on training in the eventual practice environment. Physicians also preferred a goaloriented, part-time retraining program in a large group practice or managed care setting that would allow them to practice their specialty while retraining. Few planned or existing programs incorporate many of these features. The most likely candidates for retraining are subspecialty physicians who currently provide some primary care and are employed by a medical plan. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Despite efforts by those who perceive that a need for more generalist physicians is stimulating interest in retraining specialists and subspecialists to provide primary medical care, physician interest and program availability remain low, and programs under development are not being designed to attract those who may seek retrainig. This situation is probably fortuitous, because changed perceptions about the adequacy of the generalist physician workforce since the beginning of this study have diminished the call for retraining.
Genetic Testing to Identify Deaf Newborns
Authors: Glenn E. Green
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Serum Hepatitis Risks in Blood Donors
Authors: J. Garrott Allen
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> There is much reason to believe that commercial blood carries 10 to 25 times the risk of serum hepatitis over that found when blood from volunteer donors is used. The article by Walsh et al (<b>211:</b>261, 1970) calls this especially to our attention, pointing out their experience of 42 cases of hepatitis among 82 recipients when commercial blood was used, and no cases among 28 recipients of volunteer blood. This finding has been repeatedly observed by these authors and many others, including those from Seattle also writing on open-heart surgery and hepatitis (<i>Ann Surg</i><b>170:</b>833, 1969). This has been called to the attention of the Division of Biologics Standard for several years to no avail. One may question one's obligation to participate in any blood program which does not guarantee the donor the same high-quality, low-risk blood that he himself voluntarily provided. Although many efforts
Modifications of the Acid-Base Status of the Internal Milieu of Tumors
Authors: Pietro M. Gullino, Flora H. Grantham, Sandra H. Smith, Anita C. Haggerty
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

In 5 different types of rat tumors, the pH of the interstitial fluid ranged from 7.193 to 6.948, the CO2 tension from 59 to 84 mm Hg, the dissolved CO2 from 2.0 to 2.6 mM per liter, and the concentration of bicarbonate from 18.6 to 24.3 mM per liter. Compared with the plasma of blood afferent to the tumor, the pH of the tumor interstitial fluid was 0.2 to 0.4 units lower, the pCO2 16 to 39 mm Hg higher, the dissolved CO2 about 1 mM per liter higher, and the concentration of bicarbonate 4 to 6 mM per liter lower. The same differences were observed when the tumor interstitial fluid was compared with the interstitial fluid of the normal subcutaneous area, though the differences were slightly less when the comparison was made with the plasma of the efferent blood of the tumor or with the lymph of the thoracic duct of the host. A change in the acid-base status of the interstitial fluid of the tumor was produced either by an increase of the CO2 concentration in the air inhaled by the host or by ingestion of sodium bicarbonate or ammonium chloride. When a depression of pH was produced in the blood plasma, a depression roughly equal was found in the interstitial fluid of the tumor. As the pH of this fluid is normally quite low, exceptionally low pH values (6.6–6.7) could be induced exclusively in the tumor. The CO2 tension increased in the tumor to levels twice as high as that in plasma or in the other body fluids of the host, and values of more than 200 mm Hg were reached in the interstitial fluid of the tumor. The amount of dissolved CO2 changed proportionally while the concentration of the bicarbonate showed less drastic oscillations. A peculiarity of NaHCO3 was that it acted as an acidifying agent exclusively in the interstitial fluid of the tumor. Profound changes were produced in the milieu of the tumor, though in the other fluids of the host the parameters of the acid-base equilibrium remained at a level that was physiologically safe.
Biochemical Values in Clinical Medicine. The Results Following Pathological or Physiological Change.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

Reviewstopics is wide indeed, with Cori writing on carbohydrate metabolism, Enders on viruses, Castle on physiological advances stimulated by studies on anaemia, Bauer on rheumatic diseases, Aub on cancer and normal cell growth, and many others.The theme of the series of lectures is brilliantly illustrated and it is good to be reminded that medicine is not always the beneficiary in the relationship between itself and the basic sciences.The moral which emerges, however, is that the relation is essentially one of mutual dependence and, as Paul Weiss says, 'The meaning of setting the two apart, as if they were opposites or even separable, escapes me.Clinical investigation and biological research are integral parts of the same endeavour'.In the last chapter, Dubos, in a sombre contribution, points out that medical Utopias, no less than political Utopias, are likely to prove illusory and he warns that unless medical scientists are prepared to take the long view they 'may come to know the anguish that atomic scientists experienced as they watched the tragic effects of their scientific triumphs'.This is a book for every pathologist with a live interest in the relation between his work and the whole body of science.Most of it is easy to read, all of it is stimulating, and many of the contributions have the merit of posing more questions than they answer.F.
Firearm and Nonfirearm Homicide Among Persons 15 Through 19 Years of Age
Authors: Lois A. Fingerhut
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine trends (1979 through 1989) and current status in firearm and nonfirearm homicide rates by level of urbanization among persons 15 through 19 years of age. <h3>Design.</h3> —The Compressed Mortality File, a county-level mortality and population database maintained by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control, Hyattsville, Md, and the 1980 Human Resource Profile County Codes are used to analyze age-, sex-, and race-specific firearm and nonfirearm homicide rates by urbanization level. <h3>Setting.</h3> —United States, 1979 through 1989. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —Black and white males and females 15 through 19 years of age whose underlying cause of death was either firearm homicide (E965.0 through E965.4 or E970) or nonfirearm homicide (E960 through E964, E965.5 through E969, or E971 through E978) in the<i>ICD-9 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, Ninth Revision).</i> <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Urbanization level-specific firearm and nonfirearm homicide rates. <h3>Results.</h3> —The 1989 firearm homicide rate in metropolitan counties was nearly five times the rate in nonmetropolitan counties (13.7 vs 2.9 deaths per 100000 population). Firearm homicide rates were highest in core metropolitan counties, 27.7 per 100000 population; rates were higher for black males than for any other race-sex group in each of five county urbanization strata for 1979 through 1989. Nonfirearm homicide rates are considerably lower, with smaller urban differentials; the rate in metropolitan counties was 1.4 times the rate in nonmetropolitan counties (2.6 vs 1.8 per 100 000 population). From 1979 through 1984, firearm homicide rates declined in each of the county strata. From 1984 through 1987, firearm homicide rates increased, and from 1987 through 1989 they increased rapidly, from 23% to 35% per year in the four metropolitan strata. From 1979 through 1989, nonfirearm homicide rates declined or remained stable. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Large urbanization differentials in firearm homicide and smaller differentials in nonfirearm homicide are identified. Firearm homicide rates are highest and increasing the fastest among black teenage males in the core, fringe, and medium metropolitan strata. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:3048-3053)
Smoking and Drinking During Pregnancy
Authors: Patricia H. Shiono
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The effects of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on the length of gestation were examined in a prospective study of 30,596 pregnant women in northern California. Preterm births (&lt;37 weeks' gestation) were 20% more common in women smoking at least one pack of cigarettes per day. This effect was strongest for births occurring before 33 weeks, where the excess was 60%. This excess was not accounted for by differences in maternal age, education, ethnicity, time prenatal care began, drinking during pregnancy, or eight other potential confounding factors. The results indicate a probable effect of smoking on the time of parturition, which is additional to its well-known effect on intrauterine growth retardation. The effect of alcohol consumption on preterm births was also examined, but no consistent trends were found. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:82-84)
Technetium Tc 99m-Macroaggregated Albumin Angiography and Perfusion
Authors: Anthony G. Bledin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

INTRA-ARTERIAL chemotherapy offers an alternative to systemic (intravenous) chemotherapy for localized neoplasms. Infusion of chemotherapeutic agents directly into the arterial supply of a neoplasm allows higher local tissue concentrations without a corresponding increase in systemic toxic reactions.<sup>1</sup> Intra-arterial chemotherapy is generally infused at a slow rate (about 40 mL/hr); therefore, a method of assessing perfusion at this slow rate is needed. Conventional angiography under fluoroscopic guidance does not allow for adequate visualization at slow flow rates. We are reporting on the use of technetium Tc 99m-macroaggregated albumin (MAA), infused through intra-arterial catheters at slow flow rates that approximate the chemotherapy infusion rate, in 843 examinations for assessment of regional perfusion. <h3>TECHNIQUE FOR TECHNETIUM</h3><h3>Tc 99m-MAA STUDY</h3><h3>Placement of Arterial Catheter</h3> An arterial catheter, introduced either via the femoral or brachial artery, is positioned to lie with its tip in the artery supplying the neoplasm to which chemotherapy is to
Безопасность и потенциальные риски длительного применения ингибиторов протонной помпы
Authors: S.M. Tkach
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2014)

Статья посвящена применению ингибиторов протонной помпы в гастроэнтерологии. Рассматривается влияние применения ингибиторов протонной помпы на течение различных процессов в организме, таких как всасывание витаминов и минералов, развитие остеопороза и переломов, риски развития инфекций, опухолей, патологии почек. Отдельно поднимается вопрос взаимодействия омепразола с другими лекарственными препаратами.