tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Meta-analytic Evaluation of the Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Infants
Authors: Douglas K. Owens
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in infants. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —We used studies published between 1988 and 1994 identified in a literature search of 17 databases, including MEDLINE. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —Studies were included if DNA amplification by PCR was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from infants or children. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Two investigators independently extracted data. The study design was assessed independently by 2 investigators who were blinded to study results. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The median reported sensitivity was 91.6% (range, 31%-100%), and the median specificity was 100% (range, 50%-100%). A summary receiver operating characteristic curve based on all 32 studies indicated that PCR has a maximum joint sensitivity and specificity between 93.2% and 94.9%. Subgroup analysis indicated that the joint sensitivity and specificity was significantly (<i>P</i>=.04) higher in older infants (98.2%) than in neonates (aged ≤30 days; 93.3%). For infants at low risk of perinatal transmission (probability of transmission, 8.3%), the positive predictive value for PCR is 55.8% in neonates and 83.2% in older infants. A negative PCR result reduces the probability of HIV infection to less than 3%. No studies met all criteria for study design. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Although PCR is one of the best available tests for diagnosis of HIV infection in neonates and infants, it is not definitive. Therefore, PCR should be interpreted with the aid of careful clinical follow-up examinations. The sensitivity and specificity of PCR in neonates is lower than in older infants, which results in a low positive predictive value; however, negative tests are informative. Delaying the use of PCR until after the neonatal period or repeating PCR on independent samples obtained 30 to 60 days later will reduce test errors. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;275:1342-1348)
Cowboy Boot Neuropathy
Authors: John G. Meharg
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Given the propensity ofThe Journaland its readers to present new and interesting causes and forms of peripheral neuropathy, such as with flautists, "Space Invaders" players, and so forth, I thought the following case might be of interest as well. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 53-year-old man came to my office complaining of one week of numbness and tingling in the tips of all ten toes, gradually worsening. There were no color changes, and there was no history of trauma. He took no medications. He had no symptoms in his hands and no other neurological symptoms. He used no tobacco products. Physical examination results were essentially unremarkable, including light touch and pinprick of the toe tips. Routine laboratory study findings were normal. The only possible precipitating factor that could be implicated was that he wore cowboy boots to work a lot in his job as a
Erythroid Cell Fusion in the Early Phase of Friend Virus Leukemogenesis&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Richard R. Behringer, N. J. LoCascio, Michael J. Dewey
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Infection of susceptible strain mice with the oncogenic Friend erythroleukemia virus initially results in fulminant erythroid hyperplasia. Several weeks later a frank erythroid leukemia develops. At the earliest stages of Friend disease there is extensive cell fusion involving erythroid cells but not platelets and granulocytes. Fusion was detected in experiments with allophenic (chimeric) mice whose component strains express electrophoretically distinct forms of the dimeric enzyme glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI). Infection of such animals with the polycythemic strain of Friend virus resulted in the rapid development of Friend disease. Concomitant with the appearance of early disease symptoms was the appearance in the red cells of the heterodimeric form of GPI, an unequivocal consequence of cell fusion. Platelet and granulocyte samples from the same infected animals failed to exhibit the hybrid GPI form. Furthermore, no hybrid dimer was evident in red cells from chimeric mice in which blood formation had been stimulated by phenylhydrazine treatment. These observations suggest that the occurrence of cell fusion early after infection by Friend virus is a significant aspect in the rapid development of neoplastic disease.
Pulmonary Adenoma Response of Strain A Mice to Sulfonic Acid Derivatives of 1- and 2-Naphthylamines&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Jeffrey C. Theiss, Michael B. Shimkin, Elizabeth K. Weisburger
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Various sulfonic acid derivatives of 1-naphthylamine and 2-naphthylamine were tested in inbred A/St (male and female) mice by the pulmonary adenoma bioassay to determine if this class of compounds. used as intermediates in the dye-stuff industry. possesses tumorigenic activity. Neither 1-naphthylamine nor the four sulfonic acid derivatives of 1-naphthylamine tested were tumorigenic. However, 2-naphthylamine and two of the three sulfonic acid derivatives of 2-naphthylamine tested produced statistically significant lung tumor responses at comparable doses. These results indicated that this class of compounds should be examined more extensively for carcinogenic activity.
On-site Physician Staffing in a Community Hospital Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Theodore C. M. Li
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To determine whether on-site physician staffing changed test and procedure use and improved patient outcome in a community hospital intensive care unit (ICU), we studied all ICU admissions for matched periods before and after the staffing change. Compared with the 463 year-1 patients, the 491 year-2 patients were no more likely to receive life-support interventions (respirators, dialysis, or pacemakers), but had substantially more monitoring interventions, such as pulmonary artery catheters (22%<i>v</i>2%,<i>P</i>&lt;.0001) and arterial catheters (9% v0%,<i>P</i>&lt;.0001). After controlling for factors that predicted death (age, mental status at time of admission, reason for ICU admission), year-2 patients were significantly more likely to survive the ICU and subsequent hospital stay (<i>P</i>=.01). Nearly all of the improvement of survival rate took place among patients with intermediate likelihoods of death; this improved survival rate persisted at the 12-month follow-up (<i>P</i>=.01). (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:2023-2027)
A Present-Day Conception of Mental Disorders.
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 16410: Identification of Novel Genetic Markers Associated with Lethal Ventricular Arrhythmias in Heart Failure Patients: Genome Wide Association Study in the DISCERN cohort
Authors: Patrick M Hranitzky, Amy J Sehnert, John L Blanchard, Heng Tao, Michael R Elashoff, James A Wingrove, Susan E Daniels, Steven Rosenberg, Dawood Darbar, Elizabeth S Kaufman, Otto Constatini, Stephen Ellis, Oussama Wazni, Steven Compton, Szilard Voros, William Katsiyiannis, Christopher Bonnett, Sung Chun, Daniel F Pauly, John D Day
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Sudden Cardiac Death due to arrhythmic events may have a strong genetic component. We performed a genome-wide association study to identify genetic factors associated with ventricular a...
Fibrocystic Disease of the Pancreas: A Congenital Disorder of Mucus Production—Mucosis
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hygiene and Public Health
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Defining the Generalist Physician's Training
Authors: Marc L. Rivo
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the extent to which various specialties prepare residents in the broad competencies required for primary care practice and to propose guidelines for improving generalist physician training. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —Leading causes of morbidity and mortality, 1991 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data, expert reports, and the special requirements for residency training. <h3>Design.</h3> —From the data sources we identified the common presenting conditions and diagnoses that broadly trained generalist physicians could be expected to manage in primary care practice. We then compiled a list of 60 requisite residency training components grouped according to seven practice criteria for generalist physicians. Using the special requirements for residency training for family practice, internal medicine, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, and emergency medicine, we determined the extent to which the requirements addressed the 60 components and continuity-of-care training. <h3>Results.</h3> —Almost all of the 60 generalist training components were required by family practice (95%), internal medicine (91%), and pediatrics (91%), compared with emergency medicine (42%) and obstetrics and gynecology (47%). Family practice, internal medicine, and pediatric residencies also require lengthy, well-defined continuity-of-care experiences. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Family practice, internal medicine, and pediatric programs prepare residents in the broad competencies necessary for primary care practice. To train competent generalist physicians, we recommend that residency programs require training in 90% or more of the 60 components, 50% or more of the components in each of the seven categories, and a continuity-of-care experience for a panel of patients during at least 10% of the entire residency training period. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:1499-1504)
Cost Containment in the Clinical Laboratory—To Be or to Seem to Be, or When Is a Nontest a Test?
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Elsewhere in this issue, Jacobson et al (p 1644) illustrate what seems to be the simplest way in which cost containment may be applied in the clinical laboratory. They show that it is unnecessary to perform many laboratory tests, which previously had been ordered routinely, for one clinical circumstance unless there are specific clinical findings that would increase the yield of positive diagnoses or helpful information from such testing. What the authors propose as an alternative is best called appropriate laboratory utilization. It seems obvious that not performing laboratory tests would result in eliminating the costs of performing such tests and the charges. Thus, persons on whom these tests are not performed (and their third-party payers) escape the charges. But does the public at large avoid the bill for these "nontests"? What actually happens under existing policy of government, other third-party payers, and usual hospital and accounting billing practices amounts
Health Facts for College Students: A Text-Book of Individual and Community Health
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Massive Blood Transfusion Problems
Authors: Thomas L. Tombridge
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In answer to a question concerning the problems associated with massive blood transfusions (<b>212</b>:1074, 1970), Dr. Allen Kliman stated that deficiency of platelets is rarely encountered, but when present should be treated with platelet concentrates. He also states that blood 24 to 48 hours old is suitable and that if such blood is not available, fresh frozen plasma and packed red blood cells should be substituted. In our experience thrombocytopenia has been the major problem demonstrable when oozing and other evidences of bleeding problem develop in patients who have received massive blood transfusions. We have rarely been able to find any significant evidence of disturbance of the first or second stage of clotting. Two articles inThe Journalsupport this (<b>199</b>:129, 1967;<b>202</b>:143, 1967). The only way to correct a platelet deficiency in this situation is to administer fresh blood (less than six hours
Gastrointestinal Complications of Antibiotic Therapy
Authors: F. Robert Fekety
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Untoward effects of antibiotic therapy involve the gastrointestinal tract more frequently than is generally realized. The symptoms are protean. Anorexia, distaste for food, nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, bloating, crampy abdominal pain, loose or bulky stools, diarrhea, pruritus ani, and perineal irritation are commonplace. These symptoms, which are dose-related, occur with all antibiotics and are more frequent with oral than parenteral therapy. While the mechanisms responsible are obscure, the reactions are often attributed to direct irritative or toxic effects of the drug. However, the greater incidence of these effects in association with broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy suggests that alterations of the bowel flora may be responsible in some cases. Distressing as these symptoms may be, physicians and patients alike have learned to tolerate them while attempting to reduce their frequency or severity by such measures as reducing the dosage, treating the symptoms, or administering the antibiotic with food. However, it should be
Primary Immunodeficiency Disease Presenting in Midlife
Authors: Stephen J. Kornfeld
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The vast majority of genetically defined primary immunodeficiency diseases are typically considered within the context of the pediatric population.1 Genetic confirmation of primary immunodeficiency diseases in patients with atypical clinical features and often uninformative family histories has emphasized the wide phenotypic variation associated with these disorders.<sup>2</sup>The Bruton tyrosine kinase (<i>Btk</i>) gene, which is mutated in X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), represents the most extensively studied example of genetic mutation in a primary immunodeficiency disease1: at least 228 unique mutation events are known to be associated with XLA.<sup>3</sup>Less than 25% of known mutations have been identified in 2 or more unrelated individuals,<sup>3</sup>suggesting the possibility of additional mutant genotypes (and phenotypes). The phenotypic presentation of XLA is varied in terms of numbers of B cells, immunoglobulin levels, and clinical presentation. We have recently identified a novel mutation, which introduces a premature termination codon in<i>Btk</i>
Survival of Mouse Mammary Gland Transplants of Normal, Hyperplastic, and Tumor Tissues Exposed to X-Rays&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Leslie J. Faulkin, Dan J. Mitchell, Robert D. Cardiff, Marvin Goldman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Mouse mammary tissues, including ducts, prelactating lobules, hyperplastic outgrowth lines, and tumors, were exposed to varying doses of X-rays and then transplanted to fat pads of nonirradiated BALB/c mice for study. Estimates of the dose of radiation that would allow survival of 50% of the transplants (SD50) were made with the use of probit analysis. Nearly all duct and lobule transplants survived doses of X-rays from 0 to 800 rad. The survival rate declined rapidly following doses above 800 rad, and the calculated SD50 was 1,020 and 1,260 rad for mammary ducts and lobules, respectively. The three hyperplastic outgrowth lines tested gave very different results. Hyperplastic line Z5C1 transplants had better than 90% survival at doses up to 1,200 rad and an SD50 between 1,200 and 1,600 rad. Hyperplastic line Z5D transplants had an SD50 of between 800 and 1,200 rad. Hyperplastic line 0, transplants had a better than 90% survival following doses of 0–600 rad and an SD50 between 600 and 800 rad. The survival of tumor transplants was 100% following doses of X-rays up to 1,200 rad; the S050 was in excess of 1,600 rad. The mouse mammary transplantation system can be used to study the direct effect of X-rays on normal, premalignant, and malignant mammary tissues and provides a basis for the study of the radiobiology of mammary tissues.
New U of I eye center becomes Lions' pride
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1985)

A log-burning fireplace in the library of the Lions of Illinois Eye Research Institute is one of the few features in the new $6.3-million Chicago facility that may be less than state of the art for a "high-tech" laboratory building. But the warmth it projects could be considered symbolic of the support given to the building program by thousands of members of Lions Clubs throughout Illinois, who conducted such old-fashioned fund-raising activities as bake sales, raffles, and tractor-pull competitions to raise $5 million of the total cost of the technologically up-to-the-minute structure. Morton F. Goldberg, MD, professor and head of the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago (UIC) (and a member of the Editorial Board ofThe Journal), says the new institute is "physically, administratively, and emotionally coupled with the University of Illinois Hospital Eye and Ear Infirmary." Goldberg, who is also Editor
Evaluation of a Histologic Classification of Mouse Liver Tumors Based on Pyruvate Kinase Isozymes and Status of Host Lipids
Authors: Susumu Yanagi, Hiroyuki Tsuda, Mitsuaki Sakamoto, Yuko Ninomiya, Nobuyuki Ito
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The histologic classification of mouse liver tumors, i.e., hepatic nodules type 1 and type 2 and hepatocellular carcinomas, was evaluated by a comparison of several biologic and biochemical markers that have been shown to be useful for the grading of tumor malignancy. The liver tumors were induced by N,N′2,7-fluorenylenebisacetamide (CAS: 304-28-9; N,N′-fluoren-2,7-ylenebisacetamide) administration to male CD-1 mice. The ability to induce L-type pyruvate kinase activity in response to a high-carbohydrate diet disappeared in almost all the liver tumors. However, fairly good correlations were observed between the histologic classification and the relative weights of liver and intraperitoneal fat pads, between the histologic classification and the level of serum total cholesterol, and between the histologic classification and the K-type pyruvate kinase activity. The results suggest that the present histologic classification reflects the degree of tumor malignancy, and therefore, it would be useful for the classification of mouse liver tumors.