tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P807: APLASTIC ANEMIA FOLLOWING THE SARS-COV-2 VACCINE
Authors: R. Babakhanlou, T. Kadia, K. Chien, P. Thompson
Journal: HemaSphere (2022)

Background: There have been several reports describing the possible relationship between the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine and the development of hematological diseases, such as autoimmune hemolytic anemias (AIHA), paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria or immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Limited data is available on the relationship between the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and the development of aplastic anemia (AA). We report a series of four cases of acquired AA developing in patients, who had received an mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Aims: To study the temporal association of COVID-19 vaccination and acquired aplastic anemia Methods: We reviewed the cases of all patients who presented to MD Anderson Cancer Center between January 2021 and December 2021 for pancytopenia. We identified patients who were diagnosed with aplastic anemia after receiving two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and summarized baseline characteristics and clinical course. Results: Four patients with newly diagnosed AA were identified. All patients were male with a median age of 56 years (range, 19-69). Two patients (50%) had received the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and two (50%) the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine. One of the patients had contracted COVID 8 weeks prior to his vaccination. Three patients suffered from chronic medical problems including type 1 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. None of those patients developed any symptoms after the first dose of the vaccine. Symptoms occurred on average three weeks after the second vaccine and have been outlined in Table 1. Most common symptoms were fatigue, bruising and bleeding, development of petechiae, dizziness and shortness of breath. Specific autoimmune workup was done and all patients received baseline bone marrow aspiration and biopsy with cytogenetics and next-generation sequencing. In all four patients cytogenetics showed a diploid karyotype with no chromosomal abnormalities. Flow cytometry and molecular diagnostics did not show any abnormalities. In two cases the bone marrow was hypocellular and in two cases the bone marrow was acellular. All patients received combination immunosuppressive therapy with steroids, horse anti-thymocyte globulin, cyclosporine and eltrombopag, three on a clinical trial and one off protocol. Patients were on therapy for a median of 26 weeks (16-48). One patient achieved complete remission at 12 weeks. One patient has remained transfusion dependent, while the remaining two patients became transfusion independent at six months. Image:Summary/Conclusion: Although we cannot prove a causative relationship, in rare circumstances, the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could be associated with the development of AA. Additional epidemiologic and laboratory studies are planned to further evaluate any potential causative relationship.
Effect of comprehensive smoke-free legislation on neonatal mortality and infant mortality across 106 middle-income countries: a synthetic control study
Authors: Márta K Radó, Frank J van Lenthe, Anthony A Laverty, Filippos T Filippidis, Christopher Millett, Aziz Sheikh, Jasper V Been
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2022)

There are few quantitative studies into the effect of comprehensive smoke-free legislation on neonatal and infant mortality in middle-income countries. We aimed to estimate the effects of implementing comprehensive smoke-free legislation on neonatal mortality and infant mortality across all middle-income countries.We applied the synthetic control method using 1990-2018 country-level panel data for 106 middle-income countries from the WHO, World Bank, and Penn World datasets. Outcome variables were neonatal (age 0-28 days) mortality and infant (age 0-12 months) mortality rates per 1000 livebirths per year. For each middle-income country with comprehensive smoke-free legislation, a synthetic control country was constructed from middle-income countries without comprehensive smoke-free legislation, but with similar prelegislation trends in the outcome and predictor variables. Overall legislation effect was the mean average of country-specific effects weighted by the number of livebirths. We compared the distribution of the legislation effects with that of the placebo effects to assess the likelihood that the observed effect was related to the implementation of smoke-free legislation and not merely influenced by other processes.31 (29%) of 106 middle-income countries introduced comprehensive smoke-free legislation and had outcome data for at least 3 years after the intervention. We were able to construct a synthetic control country for 18 countries for neonatal mortality and for 15 countries for infant mortality. Comprehensive smoke-free legislation was followed by a mean yearly decrease of 1·63% in neonatal mortality and a mean yearly decrease of 1·33% in infant mortality. An estimated 12 392 neonatal deaths in 18 countries and 8932 infant deaths in 15 countries were avoided over 3 years following the implementation of comprehensive smoke-free legislation. We estimated that an additional 104 063 infant deaths (including 95 850 neonatal deaths) could have been avoided over 3 years if the 72 control middle-income countries had introduced this legislation in 2015. 220 (43%) of 514 placebo effects for neonatal mortality and 112 (39%) of 289 for infant mortality were larger than the estimated aggregated legislation effect, indicating a degree of uncertainty around our estimates. Sensitivity analyses showed results that were consistent with the main analysis and suggested a dose-response association related to comprehensiveness of the legislation.Implementing comprehensive smoke-free legislation in middle-income countries could substantially reduce preventable deaths in neonates and infants.Dutch Heart Foundation, Lung Foundation Netherlands, Dutch Cancer Society, Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation, Netherlands Thrombosis Foundation, Health Data Research UK.
Paradoxical reactions and biologic agents: a French cohort study of 9303 patients
Authors: Pauline Bataille, Richard Layese, Pascal Claudepierre, Nicolas Paris, Julien Dubiel, Aurélien Amiot, Emilie Sbidian
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)

Abstract Background Paradoxical reactions (PRs) are defined as the occurrence during biologic therapy of a pathological condition that usually responds to these drugs. Objectives To estimate the incidence of PRs and identify risk factors. Methods Multicentre study of the database for the Greater Paris University Hospitals, including biologic-naive patients receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor-α, anti-interleukin-12/23, anti-interleukin-17 or anti-α4β7-integrin agents for psoriasis, inflammatory rheumatism or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We used natural language processing algorithms to extract data. A cohort and a case–control study nested in the cohort with controls selected by incidence density sampling was used to identify risk factors. Results Most of the 9303 included patients (median age 43·0, 53·8% women) presented an IBD (3773, 40·6%) or a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease (3708, 39·9%), and 8489 (91·3%) received anti-TNF-α agents. A total of 297 (3·2%) had a PR. The global incidence rate was 7·6 per 1000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI) 6·8–8·5]. The likelihood of PR was associated with IBD [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1·9, 95% CI 1·1–3·2, P = 0·021] and a combination of at least two inflammatory diseases (aOR 6·1, 95% CI 3·6–10·6, P &amp;lt; 0·001) and was reduced with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) and corticosteroids (aOR 0·6, 95% CI 0·4–0·8, P = 0·002; and OR 0·4, 95% CI 0·2–0·6, P = 0·002, respectively). Conclusions The likelihood of PRs was associated with IBD or a combination of a least two inflammatory diseases. More studies are needed to assess the benefit of systematically adding csDMARDs for such high-risk patients. What is already known about this topic? Most published studies about paradoxical reactions concern paradoxical psoriasis in patients receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor-α agents.Few data are available for other paradoxical reactions and the most recent biologics. What does this study add? Risk of paradoxical reactions was increased with inflammatory bowel disease and a combination of at least two inflammatory diseases.Risk of paradoxical reactions was reduced with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or corticosteroid therapy, which could be added for high-risk patients.
Mex3a marks drug-tolerant persister colorectal cancer cells that mediate relapse after chemotherapy
Authors: Adrián Álvarez-Varela, Laura Novellasdemunt, Francisco M. Barriga, Xavier Hernando-Momblona, Adrià Cañellas-Socias, Sara Cano-Crespo, Marta Sevillano, Carme Cortina, Diana Stork, Clara Morral, Gemma Turon, Felipe Slebe, Laura Jiménez-Gracia, Ginevra Caratù, Peter Jung, Giorgio Stassi, Holger Heyn, Daniele V. F. Tauriello, Lidia Mateo, Sabine Tejpar, Elena Sancho, Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini, Eduard Batlle
Journal: Nature Cancer (2022)
The association of prison security level with mortality after release from prison: a retrospective national cohort study (2000–16)
Authors: Anne Bukten, Ingeborg Skjærvø, Marianne Riksheim Stavseth
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2022)

Incarceration might contribute to increased mortality in an already marginalised population. A better understanding of the prison-related factors that are associated with mortality is important for preventing the negative health consequences of incarceration. We aimed to investigate all-cause and cause-specific mortality following release from high-security and low-security prisons.In this retrospective national cohort study, we used data from the Norwegian Prison Release study (nPRIS), which includes complete national register data for 96 859 individuals from the Norwegian Prison Register linked to the Norwegian Cause of Death Register from Jan 1, 2000, to Dec 31, 2016. The study cohort included all people in Norway released from a high-security or low-security prison unit. Cause of death was categorised into internal causes (infectious, cancerous, endocrine, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, nervous system diseases, and mental health disorders) and external causes (accidents, suicides, and homicides) according to the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases. We calculated crude mortality rates (CMR) and estimated Cox proportional-hazards models.There were 151 790 releases in the study period (68·4% from low-security and 31·6% from high-security prisons) from 91 963 individuals. The overall CMR was 854·4 [95% CI 834·7-874·2] per 100 000 person-years (436·2 [422·1-450·3] per 100 000 person-years for internal causes and 358·3 [345·5-371·1] per 100 000 person-years for external causes). The overall post-release mortality rate was higher in those released from high-security prisons (1142·5 [95% CI 1102·6-1182·5] per 100 000 person-years) than in those released from low-security prisons (714·6 [692·6-736·6] per 100 000 person-years). Our results suggest an association between release from high-security prisons and elevated mortality due to both external causes (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1·75 [95% CI 1·60-1·91]) and internal causes (1·45 [1·33-1·59]), compared to release from low-security prisons.Imprisonment and the post-release period can be an important point for public health interventions. Particular attention to health is warranted for individuals incarcerated in and released from high-security prisons. The potential impact of both individual-level characteristics of people incarcerated in high-security facilities, and of the prison environment itself, on mortality outcomes, should be investigated further.The South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority and The Norwegian Research Council.
P733: DHX9 HELICASE DYSFUNCTION CONTRIBUTES TO DISEASE PROGRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES
Authors: N.-F. Huang, C.-K. Chang, Q. He, L.-Y. Wu, Z. Zhang, X. Li, F. Xu
Journal: HemaSphere (2022)

Background:DHX9 is a member of the DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) helicase family, and participates in regulating DNA replication and RNA processing. DHX9 dysfunction promotes tumorigenesis in several solid cancers. However, the role of DHX9 in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is still unknown. Aims: to investigate the role of DHX9 in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes. Methods:DHX9 expression was analyzed in 120 MDS patients and 42 non-MDS benign controls by quantitative PCR. Clinical significance of changes in DHX9 expression was investigated in disease progression and survival. Lentivirus-mediated DHX9 knockdown experiments were performed to investigate its biological function. The mechanistic involvement of DHX9 in MDS development was explored in cell functional assays, gene microarray and pharmacological intervention. Considering the importance of DHX9 in regulation of R-loop, we also investigated the role of DHX9 and R-loop in MDS. Results: We found that overexpression of DHX9 is frequent in MDS patients, and associated with poor survival and high risk of AML transformation. Cell functional assays showed that DHX9 is essential for the maintenance of malignant proliferation of leukemia cells, and knockdown of DHX9 results in increased cell apoptosis and growth inhibition. Gene expression profile and bioinformatics analysis reveal that DHX9 may be involved in PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. Validating experiments show that DHX9 is indispensable for the activation of PI3K-AKT signaling as knockdown of DHX9 inactivates the PI3K-AKT signaling, reduces the expression of anti-apoptosis genes such as CCND2, MYC and BCL2. In addition, we found that DHX9 knockdown leads to R-loop accumulation in MDS cells, and induces R-Loop-dependent DNA damage through ATR-Chk1 activation. It suggests that overexpressed DHX9 could counteract cell growth defect caused by R-Loop which is quite common in MDS patients especially in those with splicing genes mutations. Summary/Conclusion: Our data suggest that DHX9 contributes to disease progression by activation of PI3K-AKT signaling and correcting R-loop-mediated growth defect in MDS, and may serve as a novel prognostic marker for AML transformation and therapeutic target in MDS.
Cardiovascular disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a narrative review
Authors: Vishanna Balbirsingh, Andrea S Mohammed, Alice M Turner, Michael Newnham
Journal: Thorax (2022)

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and concomitant disease leads to reduced quality of life, increased hospitalisations and worse survival. Acute pulmonary exacerbations are an important contributor to COPD burden and are associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) events. Both COPD and CVD represent a significant global disease impact and understanding the relationship between the two could potentially reduce this burden. The association between CVD and COPD could be a consequence of (1) shared risk factors (environmental and/or genetic) (2) shared pathophysiological pathways (3) coassociation from a high prevalence of both diseases (4) adverse effects (including pulmonary exacerbations) of COPD contributing to CVD and (5) CVD medications potentially worsening COPD and vice versa. CV risk in COPD has traditionally been associated with increasing disease severity, but there are other relevant COPD subtype associations including radiological subtypes, those with frequent pulmonary exacerbations and novel disease clusters. While the prevalence of CVD is high in COPD populations, it may be underdiagnosed, and improved risk prediction, diagnosis and treatment optimisation could lead to improved outcomes. This state-of-the-art review will explore the incidence/prevalence, COPD subtype associations, shared pathophysiology and genetics, risk prediction, and treatment of CVD in COPD.
PB2116: CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND TREATMENT OUTCOME OF CHILDREN WITH B-CELL LYMPHOMA; 3-YEAR STUDY AT CHILDREN’S WELFARE TEACHING HOSPITAL (2016-2018)
Authors: H. Ghali, M. Al-Jadiry, R. Haitham, A. Fadhil, R. Majid, S. Faraj, A. Hatem, S. Abdulrazzaq, S. Al-Hadad
Journal: HemaSphere (2022)

Background: Lymphoma is an aggressive tumor with promising survival rate; indeed, it needs supportive care to reach this goal which is not available in developing countries that make survival much lower compared with the developed countries. Aims: To study the clinico-pathological presentation of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and whether the outcome has been changed in comparison with previous studies done at the same hospital. Methods: A descriptive analytic study on 92 children less than 14 years of age with B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma who were admitted to Oncology Unit/ Children Welfare Teaching Hospital /Medical City campus from January 2016 to December 2018. They were managed according to the modified FAB LMB 96 protocol. Duration of data collections was from January 2021 to January 2022. Results: Fifty-two (56.5%) patients were below 5 years, male to female ratio was 2.28:1 and 72.8% had duration of symptoms less than 60 days. The abdomen represents the major primary site seen in 68 (73.9%) patients, advanced stages (III&IV) form 95%. Tissue diagnosis seen in 40.2% while cytology in 59.7% of cases, Burkitt’s lymphoma was the commonest type seen in 44 (47.8%). Management was carried out by modified FAB LMB 96 protocols; 7 patients were not eligible for outcome analysis. From 85 patients received COP-reduction phase, response was poor in 9 (10.6%) patients, 9 (10.6%) died, 57 patients assigned for group B and 19 for group C. Three-year Event Free Survival was and Overall Survival were equal (62%) and the most common cause of deaths were presumptive sepsis followed by tumor lysis syndrome. Variables that contribute to survival were LDH level and PS score before starting treatment and response to COP phase after treatment ensued. Summary/Conclusion: Therapy related mortality remained high and EFS and OS has a trend for improvement compared with previous published papers from the same centre. Proper risk stratification and staging with Reduction of the intensity of chemotherapy to accommodate the lack of supportive care in resource-limited settings is appreciated.
Brain Wellness “Spas”—Anticipating the Off-label Promotion of Psychedelics
Authors: Anna Wexler, Dominic Sisti
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Community Health Worker–Led Intervention Improves Acute Care Use and Advance Care Planning for Patients With Cancer
Authors: Ana I. Tergas
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Breathable and Stretchable Dressings for Accelerating Healing of Infected Wounds
Authors: Le Wang, Wenfu Zheng, Qinghong Hou, Leni Zhong, Qizhen Li, Xingyu Jiang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria-infected wounds are challenging issues that threaten human health. Herein, L-thioproline (T) and Boc-capped L-thioproline (BT)-decorated gold nanoparticles (TBT-GNPs) with potent antibacterial activity against MDR bacteria are reported. The TBT-GNPs are composited with bacterial cellulose to form wound dressings which show excellent antimicrobial performance both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, this dressing is both breathable and stretchable which is favorable for gas exchange to accelerate the wound healing. This work is insightful for developing multifunctional dressings to satisfy the clinical requirements.