tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic submucosal dissection of an early-stage gastric tumor with minimal bleeding using full-time red dichromatic imaging
Authors: Yohei Ikenoyama, Ayaka Iri, Hajime Imai, Hayato Nakagawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Hemostasis during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) can be challenging and time-consuming [1], as the thick vessels in the stomach can bleed profusely [2]. Red dichromatic imaging (RDI) was recently developed to address this difficulty [3]; it improves recognition of the bleeding points and enables safe hemostasis while reducing the psychological stress on the endoscopist. However, to date RDI has not significantly reduced hemostasis time [4]. We present the case of a patient with early gastric cancer in whom bleeding during ESD was promptly controlled using full-time RDI.
Digital cholangioscopy-guided removal of an Ascaris worm from the biliary tree
Authors: Radhika Chavan, Rushi C. Pipavat, Ravi Bokarvadia, Sanjay L. Rajput
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

A-37-year woman, who had undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and sphincterotomy for common bile duct (CBD) stones followed by cholecystectomy 3 years ago, presented to us complaining of right upper quadrant pain for 3 days. Laboratory investigations showed raised liver enzymes (alanine transaminase 100 U/L and alkaline phosphatase 320 U/L), with normal bilirubin levels. An ultrasound of the abdomen showed a mildly dilated CBD with aerobilia. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) was performed, which showed long, moving, linear hyperechoic strips, without any acoustic shadow within the CBD, consistent with the "strip" sign and a central, longitudinal anechoic shadow, consistent with the "inner-tube" or "double-tube" sign, which suggests a diagnosis of biliary ascariasis ([Fig. 1]). EUS examination of the ampulla showed an open biliary orifice ([Fig. 2]) owing to the previous sphincterotomy, with flow of water within the CBD on ingestion and aerobilia.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection in the colon using a novel adjustable traction device: A-TRACT-2
Authors: Louis-Jean Masgnaux, Jean Grimaldi, Romain Legros, Jérôme Rivory, Timothée Wallenhorst, Jérémie Jacques, Mathieu Pioche
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

A major barrier to expansion of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) remains the technical difficulty of the procedure. Thus, several devices and techniques have been described to ease this procedure [1], but all have their limitations, the main one being that they provide only a fixed amount of traction that tends to decline as the dissection advances [2]. However, we think that the ideal traction would be soft at the beginning of the procedure so as not to rip the clips of the lesion, intermediate as the dissection advances, and hard at the end to facilitate the cutting of the last fibers, often the trickiest part of the procedure.
Inhibition of SerpinB9 to enhance granzyme B-based tumor therapy by using a modified biomimetic nanoplatform with a cascade strategy
Authors: Ran Han, Luting Yu, Chenxuan Zhao, Ying Li, Yuying Ma, Yuewen Zhai, Zhiyu Qian, Yueqing Gu, Siwen Li
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)
Epidemic Malaria Transmission—Armenia, 1997
Journal: JAMA (1998)

The dissolution of the Former Soviet Union (FSU) has resulted in the disruption of the health infrastructure in many of the republics, as indicated in part by increases in infectious diseases that were previously controlled (e.g., diphtheria, typhoid, and hepatitis A). In 1994, the Ministry of Health (MOH) of Armenia (1995 population: 3.5 million) detected the first locally acquired case of malaria since the 1940s; the number of imported cases (15) was approximately twice the annual average during 1986-1989 (seven). In 1995, although no locally acquired cases were reported, the number of imported cases increased to 502. In 1996 and 1997, the total (locally acquired and imported) number of reported cases of malaria was 347 and 841, respectively. This report summarizes surveillance for malaria in Armenia during 1996-1997.
STAT3 Activation as a Predictive Biomarker for Ruxolitinib Response in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Zoya Qureshy, Hua Li, Yan Zeng, Jose Rivera, Ning Cheng, Christopher N. Peterson, Mi-Ok Kim, William R. Ryan, Patrick K. Ha, Julie E. Bauman, Steven J. Wang, Steven R. Long, Daniel E. Johnson, Jennifer R. Grandis
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Purpose: Increased activity of STAT3 is associated with progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Upstream activators of STAT3, such as JAKs, represent potential targets for therapy of solid tumors, including HNSCC. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of ruxolitinib, a clinical JAK1/2 inhibitor, in HNSCC preclinical models, including patient-derived xenografts (PDX) from patients treated on a window-of-opportunity trial. Experimental Design: HNSCC cell lines were treated with ruxolitinib, and the impact on activated STAT3 levels, cell growth, and colony formation was assessed. PDXs were generated from patients with HNSCC who received a brief course of neoadjuvant ruxolitinib on a clinical trial. The impact of ruxolitinib on tumor growth and STAT3 activation was assessed. Results: Ruxolitinib inhibited STAT3 activation, cellular growth, and colony formation of HNSCC cell lines. Ruxolitinib treatment of mice bearing an HNSCC cell line–derived xenograft significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with vehicle-treated controls. The response of HNSCC PDXs derived from patients on the clinical trial mirrored the responses seen in the neoadjuvant setting. Baseline active STAT3 (pSTAT3) and total STAT3 levels were lower, and ruxolitinib inhibited STAT3 activation in a PDX from a patient whose disease was stable on ruxolitinib, compared with a PDX from a patient whose disease progressed on ruxolitinib and where ruxolitinib treatment had minimal impact on STAT3 activation. Conclusions: Ruxolitinib exhibits antitumor effects in HNSCC preclinical models. Baseline pSTAT3 or total STAT3 levels in the tumor may serve as predictive biomarkers to identify patients most likely to respond to ruxolitinib.
Developing machine learning algorithms for dynamic estimation of progression during active surveillance for prostate cancer
Authors: Changhee Lee, Alexander Light, Evgeny S. Saveliev, Mihaela van der Schaar, Vincent J. Gnanapragasam
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2022)

Active Surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer is a management option that continually monitors early disease and considers intervention if progression occurs. A robust method to incorporate "live" updates of progression risk during follow-up has hitherto been lacking. To address this, we developed a deep learning-based individualised longitudinal survival model using Dynamic-DeepHit-Lite (DDHL) that learns data-driven distribution of time-to-event outcomes. Further refining outputs, we used a reinforcement learning approach (Actor-Critic) for temporal predictive clustering (AC-TPC) to discover groups with similar time-to-event outcomes to support clinical utility. We applied these methods to data from 585 men on AS with longitudinal and comprehensive follow-up (median 4.4 years). Time-dependent C-indices and Brier scores were calculated and compared to Cox regression and landmarking methods. Both Cox and DDHL models including only baseline variables showed comparable C-indices but the DDHL model performance improved with additional follow-up data. With 3 years of data collection and 3 years follow-up the DDHL model had a C-index of 0.79 (±0.11) compared to 0.70 (±0.15) for landmarking Cox and 0.67 (±0.09) for baseline Cox only. Model calibration was good across all models tested. The AC-TPC method further discovered 4 distinct outcome-related temporal clusters with distinct progression trajectories. Those in the lowest risk cluster had negligible progression risk while those in the highest cluster had a 50% risk of progression by 5 years. In summary, we report a novel machine learning approach to inform personalised follow-up during active surveillance which improves predictive power with increasing data input over time.
A Bioactive and Photoresponsive Platform for Wireless Electrical Stimulation to Promote Neurogenesis
Authors: Chengheng Wu, Yiyao Pu, Yusheng Zhang, Xiaoyin Liu, Zi Qiao, Nini Xin, Ting Zhou, Suping Chen, Mingze Zeng, Jiajia Tang, Jinkui Pi, Dan Wei, Jing Sun, Fang Luo, Hongsong Fan
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Delivering electrical signals to neural cells and tissue has attracted increasing attention in the treatment of nerve injuries. Unlike traditional wired electrical stimulation, wireless and remote light stimulation provides less invasive and longer-lasting interfaces, holding great promise in the treatment of nerve injuries and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as human-computer interaction. Additionally, a bioactive matrix that bridges the injured gap and induces nerve regeneration is essential for injured nerve repair. However, it is still challenging to construct a 3D biomimetic cell niche with optoelectrical responsiveness. Herein, a bioactive platform for remote and wireless optoelectrical stimulation is established by incorporating hydrophilic poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanoparticles (P3HT NPs) into a biomimetic hydrogel matrix. Moreover, the hydrogel matrix is modified by varying the composition and/or the crosslinking degree to meet the needs of different application scenarios. When exposed to pulsed green light, P3HT NPs in hydrogels convert light signals into electrical signals, resulting in the generation of tens of picoampere photocurrent, which is proved to promote the growth of cortical neurons that covered by hydrogels and the neuronal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) encapsulated in hydrogels. This work is of great significance for the design of next-generation neural electrodes and scaffolds.
Liver tests and outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: findings from <scp>DAPA‐HF</scp>
Authors: Carly Adamson, Lorna M. Cowan, Rudolf A. de Boer, Mirta Diez, Jarosław Drożdż, Andre Dukát, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Lars Køber, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Charlotta E.A. Ljungman, Felipe A. Martinez, Piotr Ponikowski, Marc S. Sabatine, Daniel Lindholm, Olof Bengtsson, David W. Boulton, Peter J. Greasley, Anna Maria Langkilde, Mikaela Sjöstrand, Scott D. Solomon, John J.V. McMurray, Pardeep S. Jhund
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2022)

Reflecting both increased venous pressure and reduced cardiac output, abnormal liver tests are common in patients with severe heart failure and are associated with adverse clinical outcomes. We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of abnormal liver tests in ambulatory patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), explore any treatment interaction between bilirubin and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and examine change in liver tests with SGLT2 inhibitor treatment.We explored these objectives in the Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse outcomes in Heart Failure (DAPA-HF) trial, with focus on bilirubin. We calculated the incidence of cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure by bilirubin tertile. Secondary cardiovascular outcomes were examined, along with the change in liver tests at the end-of-study visit. Baseline bilirubin was available in 4720 patients (99.5%). Participants in the highest bilirubin tertile (T3) have more severe HFrEF (lower left ventricular ejection fraction, higher N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP] and worse New York Heart Association class), had a greater burden of atrial fibrillation but less diabetes. Higher bilirubin (T3 vs. T1) was associated with worse outcomes even after adjustment for other predictive variables, including NT-proBNP and troponin T (adjusted hazard ratio for the primary outcome 1.73 [95% confidence interval 1.37-2.17], p < 0.001; and 1.52 [1.12-2.07], p = 0.01 for cardiovascular death). Baseline bilirubin did not modify the benefits of dapagliflozin. During follow-up, dapagliflozin had no effect on liver tests.Bilirubin concentration was an independent predictor of worse outcomes but did not modify the benefits of dapagliflozin in HFrEF. Dapagliflozin was not associated with change in liver tests.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03036124.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation for Stenosed and Regurgitant Aortic Valve Bioprostheses
Authors: Muhammed Z. Khawaja, Peter Haworth, Azad Ghuran, Lorraine Lee, Adam de Belder, Neville Hutchinson, Uday Trivedi, Jean-Claude Laborde, David Hildick-Smith
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Infection with the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with less severe disease in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: Tommaso Francesco Aiello, Pedro Puerta-Alcalde, Mariana Chumbita, Patricia Monzó, Carlos Lopera, Juan Carlos Hurtado, Fernanda Meira, Mar Mosquera, Marta Santos, Mariana Fernandez-Pittol, Josep Mensa, José Antonio Martínez, Alex Soriano, Ma Angeles Marcos, Carolina Garcia-Vidal
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Potential impact of Helicobacter pylori and metabolic syndrome-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on cardio-cerebrovascular disease
Authors: Jannis Kountouras, Apostolis Papaefthymiou, Stergios A Polyzos, Christos Liatsos, Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou, Dimitrios Chatzopoulos, Elisabeth Vardaka, Dimitra Gialambrinou, Georgios Kotronis, Michael Doulberis
Journal: Metabolism (2022)
National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education
Authors: Martha M. Funnell, Tammy L. Brown, Belinda P. Childs, Linda B. Haas, Gwen M. Hosey, Brian Jensen, Melinda Maryniuk, Mark Peyrot, John D. Piette, Diane Reader, Linda M. Siminerio, Katie Weinger, Michael A. Weiss
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

iabetes self-management education (DSME) is a critical element of care for all people with diabetes and is necessary in order to improve patient outcomes.The National Standards for DSME are designed to define quality diabetes self-management education and to assist diabetes educators in a variety of settings to provide evidence-based education.Because of the dynamic nature of health care and diabetes-related research, these Standards are reviewed and revised approximately every 5 years by key organizations and federal agencies within the diabetes education community.A Task Force was jointly convened by the American Association of Diabetes Educators and the American Diabetes Association in the summer of 2006.Additional organizations that were represented included the American Dietetic Association, the Veteran's Health Administration, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Indian Health Service, and the American Pharmaceutical Association.Members of the Task Force included a person with diabetes; several health services researchers/ behaviorists, registered nurses, and registered dietitians; and a pharmacist.The Task Force was charged with reviewing the current DSME standards for their appropriateness, relevance, and scientific basis.The Standards were then reviewed and revised based on the available evidence and expert consensus.The committee convened on 31 March
Cervical cytopathology image refocusing via multi-scale attention features and domain normalization
Authors: Xiebo Geng, Xiuli Liu, Shenghua Cheng, Shaoqun Zeng
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2022)

Cervical cytopathology image refocusing is important for addressing the problem of defocus blur in whole slide images. However, most of current deblurring methods are developed for global motion blur instead of local defocus blur and need a lot of supervised re-training for unseen domains. In this paper, we propose a refocusing method for cervical cytopathology images via multi-scale attention features and domain normalization. Our method consists of a domain normalization net (DNN) and a refocusing net (RFN). In DNN, we adopt registration-free cycle scheme for normalizing the unseen unsupervised domains into the seen supervised domain and introduce gray mask loss and hue-encoding mask loss to ensure the consistency of cell structure and basic hue. In RFN, combining the locality and sparseness characteristics of defocus blur, we design a multi-scale refocusing network to enhance the reconstruction of cell nucleus and cytoplasm, and introduce defocus intensity estimation mask to strengthen the reconstruction of local blur. We integrate hybrid learning strategy on the supervised and unsupervised domains to make RFN achieving well refocusing on the unsupervised domain. We build a cervical cytopathology image refocusing dataset and conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the superiority of our method compared with current deblurring state-of-the-art models. Furthermore, we prove that the refocused images help improve the performance of subsequent high-level analysis tasks. We release the refocusing dataset and source codes to promote the development of this field.
Single-cell Sequencing Reveals Clearance of Blastula Chromosomal Mosaicism in In Vitro Fertilization Babies
Authors: Yuan Gao, Jinning Zhang, Zhenyu Liu, Shuyue Qi, Xinmeng Guo, Hui Wang, Yanfei Cheng, Shuang Tian, Minyue Ma, Hongmei Peng, Lu Wen, Fuchou Tang, Yuanqing Yao
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2022)

Abstract Although chromosomal mosaic embryos detected by trophectoderm (TE) biopsy offer healthy embryos available for transfer, high-resolution postnatal karyotyping and chromosome testing of the transferred embryos are insufficient. Here, we applied single-cell multi-omics sequencing for seven infants with blastula chromosomal mosaicism detected by TE biopsy. The chromosome ploidy was examined by single-cell genome analysis, with the cellular identity being identified by single-cell transcriptome analysis. A total of 1616 peripheral leukocytes from seven infants with embryonic chromosomal mosaicism and three control ones with euploid TE biopsy were analyzed. A small number of blood cells showed copy number alterations (CNAs) on seemingly random locations at a frequency of 0%−2.5% per infant. However, none of the cells showed CNAs that were the same as those of the corresponding TE biopsies. The blastula chromosomal mosaicism may be fully self-corrected, probably through the selective loss of the aneuploid cells during development, and the transferred embryos can be born as euploid infants without mosaic CNAs corresponding to the TE biopsies. The results provide a new reference for the evaluations of transferring chromosomal mosaic embryos in certain situations.
From the Cochrane library: Hygiene and emollient interventions for maintaining skin integrity in older people in hospital and residential care settings
Authors: Kathleen M. Mulligan, Katie A. O’Connell, Alexandra da Silva, Mindy D. Szeto, Torunn E. Sivesind, Fiona Cowdell, Judith Dyson, Robert P. Dellavalle
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2022)
Development of 5-FU-modified tumor suppressor microRNAs as a platform for novel microRNA-based cancer therapeutics
Authors: John G. Yuen, Andrew Fesler, Ga-Ram Hwang, Lan-Bo Chen, Jingfang Ju
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2022)

MicroRNA (miRNAs) are pleiotropic post-transcriptional modulators of gene expression. Their inherently pleiotropic nature makes miRNAs strong candidates for the development of cancer therapeutics, yet despite their potential, there remains a challenge to deliver nucleic acid-based therapies into cancer cells. We developed a novel approach to modify miRNAs by replacing the uracil bases with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the guide strand of tumor suppressor miRNAs, thereby combining the therapeutic effect of 5-FU with tumor-suppressive effect of miRNAs to create a potent, multi-targeted therapeutic molecule without altering its native RNAi function. To demonstrate the general applicability of this approach to other tumor-suppressive miRNAs, we screened a panel of 12 novel miRNA mimetics in several cancer types, including leukemia, breast, gastric, lung, and pancreatic cancer. Our results show that 5-FU-modified miRNA mimetics have increased potency (low nanomolar range) in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and that these mimetics can be delivered into cancer cells without delivery vehicle both in vitro and in vivo, thus representing significant advancements in the development of therapeutic miRNAs for cancer. This work demonstrates the potential of fluoropyrimidine modifications that can be broadly applicable and may serve as a platform technology for future miRNA and nucleic acid-based therapeutics.
Massage and Remedial Exercises in Medical and Surgical Conditions.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

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Minimal residual disease in BCR::ABL1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: different significance in typical ALL and in CML-like disease
Authors: Jan Zuna, Lenka Hovorkova, Justina Krotka, Amelie Koehrmann, Michela Bardini, Lucie Winkowska, Eva Fronkova, Julia Alten, Rolf Koehler, Cornelia Eckert, Lisa Brizzolara, Marie Trkova, Jan Stuchly, Martin Zimmermann, Paola De Lorenzo, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, Valentino Conter, Jan Stary, Martin Schrappe, Andrea Biondi, Jan Trka, Marketa Zaliova, Giovanni Cazzaniga, Gunnar Cario
Journal: Leukemia (2022)