tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In type 2 diabetes, glargine and liraglutide each improved glycemic outcomes at 5 y vs. glimepiride or sitagliptin
Authors: Krysta Brown, Anthony A. Donato
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

ACP Journal ClubJanuary 2023In type 2 diabetes, glargine and liraglutide each improved glycemic outcomes at 5 y vs. glimepiride or sitagliptinKrysta Brown, DO, Anthony A. Donato, MD, MHPEKrysta Brown, DOTower Health/Reading Hospital, West Reading, Pennsylvania, USA (K.B., A.A.D.)Search for more papers by this author, Anthony A. Donato, MD, MHPETower Health/Reading Hospital, West Reading, Pennsylvania, USA (K.B., A.A.D.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/J22-0104 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationGRADE Study Research Group; Nathan DM, Lachin JM, Balasubramanyam A, et al. Glycemia reduction in type 2 diabetes—glycemic outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2022;387:1063-74. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36129996Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Endocrinology: References1. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee; Draznin B, Aroda VR, et al. 9. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl 1):S125-43. [PMID: 34964831] Google Scholar2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Diabetes Statistics Report. Accessed at www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics-report/index.html on 16 Oct 2022. Google Scholar3. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Type 2 diabetes in adults: management. NICE guideline [NG28]. Last updated 29 Jun 2022. Accessed at www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG28 on 20 Oct 2022. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Krysta Brown, DO; Anthony A. Donato, MD, MHPEAffiliations: Tower Health/Reading Hospital, West Reading, Pennsylvania, USA (K.B., A.A.D.)Disclosures: The commentators have reported no disclosures of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=J22-0104.This article was published at Annals.org on 3 January 2023.ACP Journal Club is editorially independent from Annals of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoIn type 2 diabetes, liraglutide reduced CV events at 5 y vs. glargine, glimepiride, or sitagliptin Krysta Brown , Anthony A. Donato Metrics January 2023Volume 176, Issue 1Page: JC8KeywordsDrugsGlucoseHbA1cInsulinMetforminRenal diseasesSodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitorsSulfonylureaType 2 diabetes ePublished: 3 January 2023 Issue Published: January 2023 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2023 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Syntenin-1-mediated arthritogenicity is advanced by reprogramming RA metabolic macrophages and Th1 cells
Authors: Anja Meyer, Ryan E Sienes, Wes Nijim, Brian Zanotti, Sadiq Umar, Michael V Volin, Katrien Van Raemdonck, Myles Lewis, Costantino Pitzalis, Shiva Arami, Mina Al-Awqati, Huan J Chang, Pim Jetanalin, Georg Schett, Nadera Sweiss, Shiva Shahrara
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2023)

Objectives Syntenin-1, a novel endogenous ligand, was discovered to be enriched in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) specimens compared with osteoarthritis synovial fluid and normal synovial tissue (ST). However, the cellular origin, immunoregulation and molecular mechanism of syntenin-1 are undescribed in RA. Methods RA patient myeloid and lymphoid cells, as well as preclinical models, were used to investigate the impact of syntenin-1/syndecan-1 on the inflammatory and metabolic landscape. Results Syntenin-1 and syndecan-1 (SDC-1) co-localise on RA ST macrophages (MΦs) and endothelial cells. Intriguingly, blood syntenin-1 and ST SDC-1 transcriptome are linked to cyclic citrullinated peptide, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ST thickness and bone erosion. Metabolic CD14 + CD86 + GLUT1 + MΦs reprogrammed by syntenin-1 exhibit a wide range of proinflammatory interferon transcription factors, monokines and glycolytic factors, along with reduced oxidative intermediates that are downregulated by blockade of SDC-1, glucose uptake and/or mTOR signalling. Inversely, IL-5R and PDZ1 inhibition are ineffective on RA MΦs-reprogrammed by syntenin-1. In syntenin-1-induced arthritis, F4/80 + iNOS + RAPTOR + MΦs represent glycolytic RA MΦs, by amplifying the inflammatory and glycolytic networks. Those networks are abrogated in SDC-1 -/- animals, while joint prorepair monokines are unaffected and the oxidative metabolites are moderately replenished. In RA cells and/or preclinical model, syntenin-1-induced arthritogenicity is dependent on mTOR-activated MΦ remodelling and its ability to cross-regulate Th1 cells via IL-12 and IL-18 induction. Moreover, RA and joint myeloid cells exposed to Syntenin-1 are primed to transform into osteoclasts via SDC-1 ligation and RANK, CTSK and NFATc1 transcriptional upregulation. Conclusion The syntenin-1/SDC-1 pathway plays a critical role in the inflammatory and metabolic landscape of RA through glycolytic MΦ and Th1 cell cross-regulation (graphical abstract).
Primary Care–Specialist Relationships, Intrinsic Motivation, and Patient Experience of Care
Authors: Lawrence P. Casalino
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
ELOVL6 deficiency aggravates allergic airway inflammation through the ceramide-S1P pathway in mice
Authors: Kazufumi Yoshida, Yuko Morishima, Satoshi Ano, Hirofumi Sakurai, Kenya Kuramoto, Yoshiya Tsunoda, Kai Yazaki, Masayuki Nakajima, Mingma Thering Sherpa, Masashi Matsuyama, Takumi Kiwamoto, Yosuke Matsuno, Yukio Ishii, Akio Hayashi, Takashi Matsuzaka, Hitoshi Shimano, Nobuyuki Hizawa
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Building Evidence on Safety of Thrombolysis for Patients Undergoing Direct Oral Anticoagulant Treatment
Authors: Eva A. Mistry
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
MicroRNA-223 attenuates hepatocarcinogenesis by blocking hypoxia-driven angiogenesis and immunosuppression
Authors: Yaojie Fu, Bryan Mackowiak, Dechun Feng, Hongkun Lu, Yukun Guan, Taylor Lehner, Hongna Pan, Xin Wei Wang, Yong He, Bin Gao
Journal: Gut (2023)

The current treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to block angiogenesis and immunosuppression provides some benefits only for a subset of patients with HCC, thus optimised therapeutic regimens are unmet needs, which require a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which tumour cells orchestrate an inflamed tumour microenvironment with significant myeloid cell infiltration. MicroRNA-223 (miR-223) is highly expressed in myeloid cells but its role in regulating tumour microenvironment remains unknown.
Effectiveness and Safety of Treatments to Prevent Fractures in People With Low Bone Mass or Primary Osteoporosis: A Living Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis for the American College of Physicians
Authors: Chelsea Ayers, Devan Kansagara, Brittany Lazur, Rongwei Fu, Amy Kwon, Curtis Harrod
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Background: The prevalence of osteoporosis is increasing in the United States. Purpose: To evaluate low bone mass and osteoporosis treatments to prevent fractures. Data Sources: Ovid MEDLINE ALL, Ovid Evidence Based Medicine Reviews: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and ClinicalTrials.gov from 2014 through February 2022. Study Selection: Adults receiving eligible interventions for low bone mass or osteoporosis. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for fracture outcomes, and RCTs and large observational studies (n ≥1000) for harms. Data Extraction: Abstracted by 1 reviewer and verified by a second. Independent, dual assessments of risk of bias and certainty of evidence (CoE). Data Synthesis: We included 34 RCTs (in 100 publications) and 36 observational studies. Bisphosphonates and denosumab reduced hip, clinical and radiographic vertebral, and other clinical fractures in postmenopausal females with osteoporosis (moderate to high CoE). Bisphosphonates for 36 months or more may increase the risk for atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) and osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), but the absolute risks were low. Abaloparatide and teriparatide reduced clinical and radiographic vertebral fractures but increased the risk for withdrawals due to adverse events (WAEs; moderate to high CoE). Raloxifene and bazedoxifene for 36 months or more reduced radiographic vertebral but not clinical fractures (low to moderate CoE). Abaloparatide, teriparatide, and sequential romosozumab, then alendronate, may be more effective than bisphosphonates in reducing clinical fractures for 17 to 24 months in older postmenopausal females at very high fracture risk (low to moderate CoE). Bisphosphonates may reduce clinical fractures in older females with low bone mass (low CoE) and radiographic vertebral fractures in males with osteoporosis (low to moderate CoE). Limitation: Few studies examined participants with low bone mass, males, or Black-identifying persons, sequential therapy, or treatment beyond 3 years. Conclusion: Bisphosphonates, denosumab, abaloparatide, teriparatide, and romosozumab, followed by alendronate, reduce clinical fractures in postmenopausal females with osteoporosis. Abaloparatide and teriparatide increased WAEs; longer duration bisphosphonate use may increase AFF and ONJ risk though these events were rare. Primary Funding Source: American College of Physicians. (PROSPERO: CRD42021236220)
JAMA Internal Medicine
Authors: Thomas Easley, Brian Shields, Karen Adams-Taylor, Paul Gee, Anna Frazier, Monica Smith, Jeff Ery, J Bonistalli, Kathy Russell, Mirna Monal, Stacey Mchugh, Tim Melroy, Marketing Thornbury, Tricia Castellano, Meghan Coordinator, Sade Deramus-Townsend, Thalia Recruitment, Samantha Bauer, Hank Eurich, Marsha Fogler, Rachel Sisholtz, Saskia Bolore, Gretchen Linder, Brian Mccartney, Christine Hearne, Natasha Staff, Henry Aguillon, David Baum, Ron Marketing, Rick Bell, Elizabeth Solaro, Sara Zimmerman, Geoff Rey, Lindsay Dawson, Ellen Gibson, Craig Mccaff Rey, Michael Mcgraw, Daniel Pickhardt, Romando Rossini, Sarah Subramanian, Stacy Tucker, Walsh Business, Analyst Sirisha, Alluri Staff, Millette Jackson-Bates, Jacob Mishkin, Morgan Business, Lydia Cruz, Karl Elvin, Jaye Mize, Sean O'donnell, Joe Managers, David Antos, Anthony Bautista, Chris Borden, Debbie Camp, Scott Curl, Diane Darnell, Nanette Diaz, Jordynn Farrar, Sherry Flores, Allison Hughes, Colleen Kelly, John Lash, Chris Meyer, Tom Miller, Annemarie Neff, J Neff, Sean Ohlson, Phil O'leary, Bill Pedone, Susan Price, Jaynam Shah, Erin Spencer, Denise Steinhauser, Production Services, Ahmed Avendano, Kim Boler, Rhonda Brown, Fin Carter, Michael Deegan, Euwanaha Joiner-Smith, Joshua Lane, Cindy Rendlen, John Rhead, Janis Trinchere, Annissa Zak, Circulation Services, Julie Burton, Ronna Hewitt, Mary Sieck, Geneine Someren, Jamaal Vargas, Content Systems, Mike Bujewski, Nathan Mitre, Digital Production, Regina Brownlee, Amanda Camino, Brenda Chandler-Grayer, Emily Dunn, Amy Evers, Maleeka Holden, Teri Hutchison, Dan Knowles, Joshua Lampinen, Natalie Marsh, Patricia Panek, Marla Seidell, La Son Diggs-Sledge, Julian Graphics, Joe Amft, Jonathan Chala, Maria Duda, Fred Furtner, Carolyn Hall, Maria Kowalkowski, Proofreading Carol, Joy Farrell, Maria Giannini, Sasha Grossman, Kate Lander, Judith Literskis, Teresa Omiotek, Michael Ryder, James Madara, Fellows Mithi, Del Rosario, Audrey Han, Isabel Ostrer, Natalie Richmond, Melinda Wang, Eric Ward, Grace Zhang, Zachary Goldberger, Nora Goldschlager, San Francisco, Elsayed Soliman, Winston-Salem North, Fiona Clement, Deborah Grady, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Rita Redberg, Michael Incze, Tanner Caverly, Ann Arbor, Brandon Combs, Sanket Dhruva
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Mission Statement: To promote the art and science of medicine and the betterment of public health by publishing manuscripts of interest and relevance to internists practicing as generalists or as medical subspecialists.
Respiratory virome profiles reflect antiviral immune responses
Authors: Judit Rovira Rubió, Spyridon Megremis, Maria Pasioti, John Lakoumentas, Bede Constantinides, Paraskevi Xepapadaki, Claus Bachert, Susetta Finotto, Tuomas Jartti, Evangelos Andreakos, Barbara Stanic, Cezmi A. Akdis, Mübeccel Akdis, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos
Journal: Allergy (2023)

From early life, respiratory viruses are implicated in the development, exacerbation and persistence of respiratory conditions such as asthma. Complex dynamics between microbial communities and host immune responses shape immune maturation and homeostasis, influencing health outcomes. We evaluated the hypothesis that the respiratory virome is linked to systemic immune responses, using peripheral blood and nasopharyngeal swab samples from preschool-age children in the PreDicta cohort.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 51 children (32 asthmatics and 19 healthy controls) participating in the 2-year multinational PreDicta cohort were cultured with bacterial (Bacterial-DNA, LPS) or viral (R848, Poly:IC, RV) stimuli. Supernatants were analysed by Luminex for the presence of 22 relevant cytokines. Virome composition was obtained using untargeted high throughput sequencing of nasopharyngeal samples. The metagenomic data were used for the characterization of virome profiles and the presence of key viral families (Picornaviridae, Anelloviridae, Siphoviridae). These were correlated to cytokine secretion patterns, identified through hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis.High spontaneous cytokine release was associated with increased presence of Prokaryotic virome profiles and reduced presence of Eukaryotic and Anellovirus profiles. Antibacterial responses did not correlate with specific viral families or virome profile; however, low antiviral responders had more Prokaryotic and less Eukaryotic virome profiles. Anelloviruses and Anellovirus-dominated profiles were equally distributed among immune response clusters. The presence of Picornaviridae and Siphoviridae was associated with low interferon-λ responses. Asthma or allergy did not modify these correlations.Antiviral cytokine responses at a systemic level reflect the upper airway virome composition. Individuals with low innate interferon responses have higher abundance of Picornaviruses (mostly Rhinoviruses) and bacteriophages. Bacteriophages, particularly Siphoviridae, appear to be sensitive sensors of host antimicrobial capacity, while Anelloviruses are not correlated with TLR-induced immune responses.
APOE effects on regional tau in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Christina B. Young, Emily Johns, Gabriel Kennedy, Michael E. Belloy, Philip S. Insel, Michael D. Greicius, Reisa A. Sperling, Keith A. Johnson, Kathleen L. Poston, Elizabeth C. Mormino
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2023)

Abstract Background APOE variants are strongly associated with abnormal amyloid aggregation and additional direct effects of APOE on tau aggregation are reported in animal and human cell models. The degree to which these effects are present in humans when individuals are clinically unimpaired (CU) but have abnormal amyloid (Aβ+) remains unclear. Methods We analyzed data from CU individuals in the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic AD (A4) and Longitudinal Evaluation of Amyloid Risk and Neurodegeneration (LEARN) studies. Amyloid PET data were available for 4486 participants (3163 Aβ-, 1323 Aβ+) and tau PET data were available for a subset of 447 participants (55 Aβ-, 392 Aβ+). Linear models examined APOE (number of e2 and e4 alleles) associations with global amyloid and regional tau burden in medial temporal lobe (entorhinal, amygdala) and early neocortical regions (inferior temporal, inferior parietal, precuneus). Consistency of APOE 4 effects on regional tau were examined in 220 Aβ + CU and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Results APOE 2 and APOE 4 were associated with lower and higher amyloid positivity rates, respectively. Among Aβ+ CU, e2 and e4 were associated with reduced (−12 centiloids per allele) and greater (+15 centiloids per allele) continuous amyloid burden, respectively. APOE 2 was associated with reduced regional tau in all regions (-0.05 to -0.09 SUVR per allele), whereas APOE 4 was associated with greater regional tau (+0.02 to +0.07 SUVR per allele). APOE differences were confirmed by contrasting e3/e3 with e2/e3 and e3/e4. Mediation analyses among Aβ+ s showed that direct effects of e2 on regional tau were present in medial temporal lobe and early neocortical regions, beyond an indirect pathway mediated by continuous amyloid burden. For e4, direct effects on regional tau were only significant in medial temporal lobe. The magnitude of protective e2 effects on regional tau was consistent across brain regions, whereas detrimental e4 effects were greatest in medial temporal lobe. APOE 4 patterns were confirmed in Aβ+ ADNI participants. Conclusions APOE influences early regional tau PET burden, above and beyond effects related to cross-sectional amyloid PET burden. Therapeutic strategies targeting underlying mechanisms related to APOE may modify tau accumulation among Aβ+ individuals.
Vector Prostate Biopsy: A Novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Ultrasound Image Fusion Transperineal Biopsy Technique Using Electromagnetic Needle Tracking Under Local Anaesthesia
Authors: Peter Fletcher, Marta De Santis, Simona Ippoliti, Luca Orecchia, Philip Charlesworth, Tristan Barrett, Christof Kastner
Journal: European Urology (2023)
A Survey of Transoral Robotic Mechanisms: Distal Dexterity, Variable Stiffness, and Triangulation
Authors: Xiaoyi Gu, Hongliang Ren
Journal: Cyborg and Bionic Systems (2023)

Robot-assisted technologies are being investigated to overcome the limitations of the current solutions for transoral surgeries, which suffer from constrained insertion ports, lengthy and indirect passageways, and narrow anatomical structures. This paper reviews distal dexterity mechanisms, variable stiffness mechanisms, and triangulation mechanisms, which are closely related to the specific technical challenges of transoral robotic surgery (TORS). According to the structure features in moving and orienting end effectors, the distal dexterity designs can be classified into 4 categories: serial mechanism, continuum mechanism, parallel mechanism, and hybrid mechanism. To ensure adequate adaptability, conformability, and safety, surgical robots must have high flexibility, which can be achieved by varying the stiffness. Variable stiffness (VS) mechanisms based on their working principles in TORS include phase-transition-based VS mechanism, jamming-based VS mechanism, and structure-based VS mechanism. Triangulations aim to obtain enough workspace and create adequate traction and counter traction for various operations, including visualization, retraction, dissection, and suturing, with independently controllable manipulators. The merits and demerits of these designs are discussed to provide a reference for developing new surgical robotic systems (SRSs) capable of overcoming the limitations of existing systems and addressing challenges imposed by TORS procedures.
An On-Chip Viscoelasticity Sensor for Biological Fluids
Authors: Qianbin Zhao, Sheng Yan, Boran Zhang, Kai Fan, Jun Zhang, Weihua Li
Journal: Cyborg and Bionic Systems (2023)

There are so many non-Newtonian fluids in our daily life, such as milk, blood, cytoplasm, and mucus, most of which are viscoelastic heterogeneous liquid containing cells, inorganic ion, metabolites, and hormones. In microfluidic microparticle-manipulating applications, the target particles are practically distributed within the biological fluids like blood and urine. The viscoelasticity of biological fluid is constantly ignored for simplicity especially when the fluid is substantially diluted and contains rather complex components. However, even the fluid’s ultraweak viscoelasticity actually affects the microparticle migration and may bring a completely different behavior compared with the Newtonian fluids. As a result, a robust and easy operated on-chip viscoelasticity sensor is potential and desired in many research and industrial fields, including assay sample preparation, clinical diagnostics, and on-chip sensor. In this work, we employed stable non-Newtonian fluid–polyethylene oxide (PEO) solutions with various concentrations to investigate and calibrate effects of the weak fluidic viscoelasticity on microparticle behaviors in a double-layered microfluidic channel. An analogy-based database of fluidic patterns for viscoelasticity sensing and relaxation time measurement was established. Then, we tested different biological fluids including blood plasma and fetal bovine serum and proved that they exhibited similar viscoelasticity effects to the PEO solutions with the corresponding concentration, which reached a good agreement with available results by references. The detection limitation of relaxation time can reach 1 ms. It promised a robust and integrated on-chip microfluidic viscoelasticity sensor for different biological fluids without complicated calculations.