tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Head-to-Head Comparison of 68Ga-P16-093 and 68Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT in Patients With Primary Prostate Cancer
Authors: Guochang Wang, Linlin Li, Jie Zang, Haiyan Hong, Lin Zhu, Hank F. Kung, Zhaohui Zhu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Purpose We aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of 68 Ga-P16-093 and 68 Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT in primary prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Patients and Methods Thirty untreated primary PCa patients were enrolled. Each patient underwent 68 Ga-P16-093 and 68 Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT within a week. In addition to visual analysis, SUV was measured for semiquantitative comparison and correlation analysis. Results 68 Ga-P16-093 PET/CT detected more positive tumors than 68 Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT (67 vs 56, P = 0.002), especially for intraprostatic lesions (29 vs 24, P = 0.025) and lymph node metastases (23 vs 17, P = 0.034). Further, 68 Ga-P16-093 PET/CT exhibited significantly higher SUV max of matched tumors (18.3 ± 14.4 vs 13.9 ± 11.8, P &lt; 0.001). Besides, the SUV max of high-risk patients (based on D’Amico classification) on 68 Ga-P16-093 PET/CT was significantly higher than that of low- and intermediate-risk PCa patients (20.9 ± 9.9 vs 8.9 ± 9.1 vs 10.1 ± 5.2, P = 0.007). The SUV max of tumor measured by 68 Ga-P16-093 PET/CT had a moderate association with biopsy Gleason score ( r = 0.462, P = 0.005) and prostate-specific antigen value ( r = 0.491, P = 0.002), and significantly correlated with PSMA expression ( r = 0.732, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions 68 Ga-P16-093 PET/CT exhibited higher tumor uptake and potentially better tumor detection capability than 68 Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT, which suggested that 68 Ga-P16-093 may be more suitable in the diagnosis and staging of primary PCa patients.
Defining genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, epigenetic, and phenotypic biomarkers with prognostic capability in male breast cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Subarnarekha Chatterji, Emma Krzoska, Christopher W Thoroughgood, John Saganty, Peng Liu, Beatrix Elsberger, Rasha Abu-Eid, Valerie Speirs
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2023)
NRF2 Activation Reprograms Defects in Oxidative Metabolism to Restore Macrophage Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Eilise M. Ryan, Pranvera Sadiku, Patricia Coelho, Emily R. Watts, Ailiang Zhang, Andrew J. M. Howden, Manuel A. Sanchez-Garcia, Martin Bewley, Joby Cole, Brian J. McHugh, Wesley Vermaelen, Bart Ghesquiere, Peter Carmeliet, Giovanny Rodriguez Blanco, Alex Von Kriegsheim, Yolanda Sanchez, William Rumsey, James F. Callahan, George Cooper, Nicholas Parkinson, Kenneth Baillie, Doreen A. Cantrell, John McCafferty, Gourab Choudhury, Dave Singh, David H. Dockrell, Moira K. B. Whyte, Sarah R. Walmsley
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

Rationale: COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is a disease characterized by persistent airway inflammation and disordered macrophage function. The extent to which alterations in macrophage bioenergetics contribute to impaired antioxidant responses and disease pathogenesis has yet to be fully delineated. Objectives: Through the study of COPD alveolar (AM) and peripheral monocyte-derived (MDM) macrophages, we sought to establish if intrinsic defects in core metabolic processes drive macrophage dysfunction and redox imbalance. Methods: AM and MDM from COPD and healthy donors underwent functional, metabolic and transcriptional profiling. Results: We observe that AM and MDM from COPD donors display a critical depletion in glycolytic and mitochondrial respiration derived energy reserves and an over reliance on glycolysis as a source for ATP, resulting in reduced energy status. Defects in oxidative metabolism extend to an impaired redox balance associated with defective expression of the NADPH generating enzyme, malic enzyme 1, a known target of the anti-oxidant transcription factor NRF2. Consequently, selective activation of NRF2 resets the COPD transcriptome, resulting in increased generation of TCA cycle intermediaries, improved energetic status, favorable redox balance and a recovery of macrophage function. Conclusion: In COPD an inherent loss of metabolic plasticity leads to metabolic exhaustion and reduced redox capacity which can be rescued by activation of the NRF2 pathway. Targeting these defects, via NRF2 augmentation, may therefore present an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of the aberrant airway inflammation described in COPD.
Reply: Novel antidiabetic drugs and the risk for HCC. What else to expect from these “wonderful” drug classes?
Authors: Maria C. Plaz Torres, Ariel Jaffe, Rachel Perry, Elisa Marabotto, Mario Strazzabosco, Edoardo G. Giannini
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

We thank Dr. Patoulias for their interest in our review article that assessed the complex interplay between medications for diabetes and the risk of HCC.1,2 In his comments to our study, he raises an important issue related to a sort of positive "off-target activity" of novel drugs used in the management of type 2 diabetes, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs). The recent evidence that the use of GLP-1Ras was associated with a dramatically reduced rate of any decompensating event, or of further decompensation, in previously decompensated patients with cirrhosis and type 2 diabetes as compared with other drugs such as sulfonylureas and dipeptidyl peptidase-4, but not compared with SGLT-2 inhibitors, clearly demonstrates that GLP-1Ras may have pleiotropic, positive effects in these patients who go beyond the protective effect on the development of HCC, whereas in the absence of a direct comparison, these effects cannot be definitely attributed also to SGLT-2 inhibitors.2,3 This evidence is particularly appealing as the positive effect exerted by GLP-1Ras seems to be independent of the presence of concurrent causes of liver disease (viral hepatitis and alcohol), and of concomitant medications acting on portal hypertension.3 Indeed, the use of antidiabetic drugs as disease-modifying agents may have several, downstream beneficial effects and, therefore, may act at various stages of the evolutive history of advanced chronic liver disease, not only in preventing the carcinogenetic process.2 As there are no approved drugs to treat NAFLD, a condition where diabetes prevalence is highest, selected antidiabetic medications may theoretically act at various levels—together with dietary counseling—in modifying the trajectory of liver disease progression (Figure 1), and may hypothetically be used as a tool to fine-tune surveillance strategies for HCC.4,5 Thus, we concur with the view expressed by Dr. Patoulias in his comment that the time is ripe to assess all the potential of these drugs in dedicated, prospective studies with solid outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease so as to evaluate whether they can be regarded as game-changers in the management of these patients.1FIGURE 1: Potential targets of antidiabetic drugs along the process leading to cirrhosis, liver decompensation, and HCC. Solid lines represent the positive effects of the drugs supported by the literature, dotted line indirect mechanisms of action, and dashed line potential effects that need to be explored. Abbreviation: SGLT-2, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2.
68GA-FAPI-04 PET/CT Versus 18F-FDG PET/CT in Imaging of Malignant Mixed Germ Cell Testicular Tumor
Authors: İhsan Kaplan, Canan Can, Yunus Güzel, Ulaş Alabalik, Halil Kömek
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging was performed for restaging in in a 16-year-old boy who was operated on for right testicular tumor and was diagnosed with malignant mixed germ cell tumor. Mild FDG uptake was observed in 2 nodules in both lungs and retroperitoneal lymph node in the abdomen. 68 Ga-FAPI (fibroblast activation protein inhibitor) 04 PET/CT showed moderate uptake of FAPI in lung nodules and retroperitoneal lymph node. In this case, 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT was shown to be superior to 18 F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of malignant mixed germ cell testicular tumor metastases.
Is 18F-FDG/18F-Choline Dual-Tracer PET Behavior a Surrogate of Tumor Differentiation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Abarnaa Sivapathasundaram, Nicolas Golse, Alina Pascale, Emmanuel Durand, Mylène Sebagh, Florent L. Besson
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) setting, 18 F-FDG and 18 F-choline PET/CT radiotracers are classically considered surrogates of the degree of differentiation, a strong predictor of disease recurrence after curative treatment. Because the corresponding level of evidence has never been assessed as primary end point, the aim of this retrospective study was to specifically assess the relevance of 18 F-FDG combined to 18 F-choline PET imaging as a surrogate of tumor differentiation in HCC.A total of 49 histologically proven HCCs (46 patients treated by surgery or liver transplantation) with available baseline 18 F-FDG and 18 F-choline PET/CT, dedicated liver contrast-enhanced CT scan, and histological key features were retrospectively reviewed. Hepatocellular carcinoma tumors with well, moderately, and poorly differentiation (grades I, II, and III of the World Health Organization classification) were compared on their PET findings (double-blinded visual analysis and 8 usual semiquantitative metrics) by using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis analyses of variance. In the case of statistical significance, pairwise post hoc tests with family-wise error rate adjustment were performed.No statistical difference between the grades was observed for any of the patients' or lesions' characteristics ( P > 0.05), except for the macrovascular invasion between the grades I and II (adjusted P = 0.03). None of the PET findings showed statistical difference between the grades, except the tumor-to-background ratio of 18 F-FDG, higher for the grade III compared with grades I (adjusted P = 0.02) and II (adjusted P = 0.01). For less than one third of cases (14 lesions; 28.5%), the regional uptake was judged visually heterogeneous, but none of the related semiquantitative PET metrics were statistically discriminant ( P > 0.05).Contrary to a common belief, 18 F-FDG/ 18 F-choline dual-tracer PET behavior is not a relevant surrogate of tumor differentiation in HCC. Future multitracer PET studies are mandatory to refine our knowledges of their deep biological meaning in this field.
Assessment of Pediatric Telemedicine Using Remote Physical Examinations With a Mobile Medical Device
Authors: Rafaela Wagner, Thalita Cecília Lima, Marielen Ribeiro Tavares da Silva, Anna Clara Pereira Rabha, Marinei Campos Ricieri, Mariana Millan Fachi, Rogério Carballo Afonso, Fábio Araújo Motta
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

The number of innovations in health care based on the use of platforms, digital devices, apps, and artificial intelligence has grown exponentially in recent years. When used correctly, these technologies allow inequities in access to health care to be addressed by optimizing care and reducing social and geographic barriers. However, most of the technological health care solutions proposed have not undergone rigorous clinical studies.
Rates of and Factors Associated With Primary and Booster COVID-19 Vaccine Receipt by US Veterans, December 2020 to June 2022
Authors: Kristina L. Bajema, Mazhgan Rowneki, Kristin Berry, Amy Bohnert, C. Barrett Bowling, Edward J. Boyko, Theodore J. Iwashyna, Matthew L. Maciejewski, Ann M. O’Hare, Thomas F. Osborne, Elizabeth M. Viglianti, Denise M. Hynes, George N. Ioannou
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance COVID-19 vaccination rates remain suboptimal in the US. Identifying factors associated with vaccination can highlight existing gaps and guide targeted interventions to improve vaccination access and uptake. Objective To describe incidence and patient characteristics associated with primary, first booster, and second booster COVID-19 vaccination in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study assessed US veterans receiving care in VHA medical centers and outpatient clinics as of December 1, 2020. All VHA enrollees with an inpatient, outpatient, or telehealth encounter in VHA as well as a primary care physician appointment in the preceding 24 months were included. Exposures Demographic characteristics, place of residence, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, and underlying medical conditions. Main Outcomes and Measures Cumulative incidence of primary, first booster, and second booster COVID-19 vaccination through June 2022. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify factors independently associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Results Among 5 632 413 veterans included in the study, 5 094 392 (90.4%) were male, the median (IQR) age was 66 (51-74) years, 1 032 334 (18.3%) were Black, 448 714 (8.0%) were Hispanic, and 4 202 173 (74.6%) were White. Through June 2022, cumulative incidences were 69.0% for primary vaccination, 42.9% for first booster, and 9.3% for second booster. Cumulative incidence for primary vaccination increased with increasing age, from 46.9% (95% CI, 46.8%-47.0%) among veterans aged 18 to 49 years to 82.9% (95% CI, 82.8%-83.0%) among veterans aged 80 to 84 years. More Black veterans completed primary vaccination (71.7%; 95% CI, 71.6%-71.8%) compared with White veterans (68.9%; 95% CI, 68.9%-69.0%), and more urban-dwelling veterans completed primary vaccination (70.9%; 95% CI, 70.9%-71.0%) compared with highly rural-dwelling veterans (63.8%; 95% CI, 63.4%-64.1%). Factors independently associated with higher likelihood of both primary and booster vaccination included older age, female sex, Asian or Black race, Hispanic ethnicity, urban residence, and lack of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of US veterans, COVID-19 vaccination coverage through June 2022 was suboptimal. Primary vaccination can be improved among younger, rural-dwelling veterans. Greater uptake of booster vaccination among all veterans is needed.
Comparison of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT and 68Ga-Pentixiafor PET/CT Imaging in a Case of Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zijuan Rao, Yu Zhang, Liyi Liu, Min Wang, Chunyin Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma with a high rate of metastasis and mortality. We present 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT and 68 Ga-pentixiafor PET/CT findings of MCC in a 62-year-old man. Both 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT and 68 Ga-pentixiafor PET/CT revealed increased radioactive uptake of lesions in the scan range. Compared with 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, the lesions showed higher uptake in 68 Ga-pentixiafor PET/CT. Our case showed that 68 Ga-pentixiafor might be a promising radiotracer in the evaluation of MCC.
Complete Remission Upon Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in a G2 Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Alexander Weich, Sebastian E. Serfling, Heqing Yi, Andreas K. Buck, Takahiro Higuchi, Rudolf A. Werner
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

We report the case of a 52-year-old man affected with a metastasized neuroendocrine tumor (G2) of the pancreas. After surgical removal, follow-up imaging 36 months later revealed somatostatin receptor-positive liver lesions. Because of disease progression under cold somatostatin analogs 6 months later, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy was performed, that induced complete remission (CR), supporting the notion that "hot" somatostatin analogs can achieve CR even in patients affected with pancreatic G2 neuroendocrine tumor. Of note, such cases exhibiting CR upon peptide receptor radionuclide therapy are extremely rare and further investigations may pool those exceptional treatment responders.
Complete Metabolic Response by 18F-FDG PET/CT to Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yoichiro Uchida, Tomoaki Yoh, Ayaka Fukui, Atsushi Takai, Etsuro Hatano
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Nowadays, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab is recommended for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as the first-line systemic chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the data with regard to the tumor response still remain limited. We report a complete metabolic response assessed by 18 F-FDG PET/CT in a 74-year-old man with advanced HCC who underwent atezolizumab plus bevacizumab followed by radical hepatectomy. Furthermore, pathological examination revealed that the tumor showed complete response for this therapy. This case suggests that 18 F-FDG PET/CT represents clinical relevance as a useful approach for therapeutic assessment of immune-oncology drugs in HCC.
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of Bilateral Parotid and Submandibular Glands
Authors: Sneha Prakash, Shamim Ahmed Shamim, Sameer Bakhshi, Deepam Pushpam, Aparna Sharma
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a disorder of the mononuclear phagocytic system. Virtually any organ can be involved, the bone, skin, lungs, and pituitary gland being the most common. We describe the case of a 30-year-old man who presented with painless neck swelling. 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed bilateral bulky parotid and submandibular glands with increased metabolic activity. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. To our knowledge, there has been no description of 18 F-FDG PET/CT findings in Langerhans cell histiocytosis of salivary glands in literature. We aim to aid in the diagnosis and management of this rare presentation.
Wild poliovirus type 3 (WPV3)-shedding event following detection in environmental surveillance of poliovirus essential facilities, the Netherlands, November 2022 to January 2023
Authors: Erwin Duizer, Wilhelmina LM Ruijs, AD Putri Hintaran, Mariska C Hafkamp, Margreet van der Veer, Margreet JM te Wierik
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

On 21 November 2022, a wild poliovirus type 3 (WPV3) was isolated from an environmental surveillance sample of poliovirus essential facilities in the Netherlands. All 51 employees with access to this strain were screened for ongoing or recent poliovirus infection. One employee shedding WPV3 was identified on 8 December and placed in isolation; monitoring and contact tracing were initiated. WPV3 shedding continued for 4 weeks and stopped 5 January 2023. Isolation was lifted 11 January and no further transmission was detected.
The Usefulness of Short-Interval Sequential FDG PET/CT Studies in Defining the Benignity of Hypermetabolic Lipomatous Tumor
Authors: Nir Hod, Karen Nalbandyan, Sophie Lantsberg
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

We present an interesting case of incidentally detected lipomatous tumor in an oncological patient that could result in a false-positive interpretation by exhibiting intense FDG activity similar to that of a malignant neoplasm. Careful evaluation of FDG uptake changes on sequential short-interval PET/CT studies was helpful in defining the benign nature of the tumor as the hypermetabolism was gradually disappearing obviating the need for a major surgery.
Late Pseudoprogression
Authors: Ling Li, Yueli Tian, Yong He
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Recognition of pseudoprogression in malignant glioma is one of the major challenges in the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria. Somatostatin receptors were overexpressed on the surface of the most high-grade glioma. The corresponding PET imaging is used for planning radiation and radionuclide therapy. However, the heterogeneity of somatostatin receptors distribution is mainly responsible for the lack of specificity. Here we reported a case of a 35-year-old man with mesenchymal oligodendroglioma operation and radiotherapy 19 months ago. 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET showed intense uptake near the operation region, which has been misinterpreted as tumor recurrence.
18F-THK5351 PET Can Evaluate Tumor Extension in Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Keiko Hatano, Kenji Ishibashi, Soichiro Kondo, Kenji Ishii, Atsushi Iwata
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

A 79-year-old man presenting with gait disturbance and cognitive decline was diagnosed with intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) by random skin biopsy. Some IVLBCL lesions were identified by PET examinations using 11 C-methionine, 18 F-FDG, and 18 F-THK5351. 11 C-methionine and 18 F-FDG uptake, which likely reflects the presence of the lymphoma cells themselves, increased clearly in the left putamen but weakly in the left deep white matter. 18 F-THK5351 uptake increased in all lesions, likely reflecting perivascular astrogliosis caused by IVLBCL. Hence, 18 F-THK5351 PET can evaluate tumor extension in IVLBCL lesions where 11 C-methionine and 18 F-FDG PET may fail in its visualization.
A Man With Asymptomatic Ulcerated White Plaques on the Soft Palate
Authors: Shuni Ying, Sheng Li, Jianjun Qiao
Journal: JAMA (2023)

A man in his 60s had irregular gray-white ulcers with a surrounding erythema on the soft palate, uvula, and tonsils that did not improve with oral cefuroxime. He reported sexual contact with 1 male partner over the prior 6 months; history and physical examination findings were otherwise unremarkable. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?
Predictive Value of Early Autism Detection Models Based on Electronic Health Record Data Collected Before Age 1 Year
Authors: Matthew M. Engelhard, Ricardo Henao, Samuel I. Berchuck, Junya Chen, Brian Eichner, Darby Herkert, Scott H. Kollins, Andrew Olson, Eliana M. Perrin, Ursula Rogers, Connor Sullivan, YiQin Zhu, Guillermo Sapiro, Geraldine Dawson
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Autism detection early in childhood is critical to ensure that autistic children and their families have access to early behavioral support. Early correlates of autism documented in electronic health records (EHRs) during routine care could allow passive, predictive model-based monitoring to improve the accuracy of early detection. Objective To quantify the predictive value of early autism detection models based on EHR data collected before age 1 year. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective diagnostic study used EHR data from children seen within the Duke University Health System before age 30 days between January 2006 and December 2020. These data were used to train and evaluate L2-regularized Cox proportional hazards models predicting later autism diagnosis based on data collected from birth up to the time of prediction (ages 30-360 days). Statistical analyses were performed between August 1, 2020, and April 1, 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures Prediction performance was quantified in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) at clinically relevant model operating thresholds. Results Data from 45 080 children, including 924 (1.5%) meeting autism criteria, were included in this study. Model-based autism detection at age 30 days achieved 45.5% sensitivity and 23.0% PPV at 90.0% specificity. Detection by age 360 days achieved 59.8% sensitivity and 17.6% PPV at 81.5% specificity and 38.8% sensitivity and 31.0% PPV at 94.3% specificity. Conclusions and Relevance In this diagnostic study of an autism screening test, EHR-based autism detection achieved clinically meaningful accuracy by age 30 days, improving by age 1 year. This automated approach could be integrated with caregiver surveys to improve the accuracy of early autism screening.
Correction: Partition of respiratory mechanics in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and association with outcome: a multicentre clinical study
Authors: Lu Chen, Domenico L. Grieco, François Beloncle, Guang-Qiang Chen, Norberto Tiribelli, Fabiana Madotto, Sebastian Fredes, Cong Lu, Massimo Antonelli, Alain Mercat, Arthur S. Slutsky, Jian-Xin Zhou, Laurent Brochard
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2023)