tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The National Library of Medicine
Authors: Michael E. DeBakey
Journal: JAMA (1991)

From a small collection of medical publications in the Surgeon General's Office in 1836, the National Library of Medicine has developed into the leading repository of medical information in the world. Despite strong opposition and impediments from certain quarters, involving considerable machinations and intrigue, the determination of interested medical leaders and sympathetic members of Congress triumphed in having this remarkable institution established on the campus of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. As a participant in many of the negotiations preceding that decision, I have happily witnessed the transformation of the Library, long housed in cramped, makeshift quarters, to its present magnificent structures in the heart of our nation's foremost medical research center. Its prodigious collection of print, audiovisual, and electronic information; its imaginative research projects; its excellent outreach program; and its innovative services and products are indispensable to all practicing health professionals, scientists, and medical educators, as well as to journalists, government officials, and others. The ultimate beneficiary, of course, is the patient. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:1252-1258)
Better than RECIST and Faster than iRECIST: Defining the Immunotherapy Progression Decision Score to Better Manage Progressive Tumors on Immunotherapy
Authors: Younes Belkouchi, Hugues Talbot, Nathalie Lassau, Littisha Lawrance, Siham Farhane, Rahma Feki-Mkaouar, Joya Hadchiti, Lama Dawi, Julien Vibert, Paul-Henry Cournède, Clara Cousteix, Camille Mazza, Michele Kind, Antoine Italiano, Aurelien Marabelle, Samy Ammari, Stephane Champiat
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

Abstract Purpose: The objective of the study is to propose the immunotherapy progression decision (iPD) score, a practical tool based on patient features that are available at the first evaluation of immunotherapy treatment, to help oncologists decide whether to continue the treatment or switch rapidly to another therapeutic line when facing a progressive disease patient at the first evaluation. Experimental Design: This retrospective study included 107 patients with progressive disease at first evaluation according to RECIST 1.1. Clinical, radiological, and biological data at baseline and first evaluation were analyzed. An external validation set consisting of 31 patients with similar baseline characteristics was used for the validation of the score. Results: Variables were analyzed in a univariate study. The iPD score was constructed using only independent variables, each considered as a worsening factor for the survival of patients. The patients were stratified in three groups: good prognosis (GP), poor prognosis (PP), and critical prognosis (CP). Each group showed significantly different survivals (GP: 11.4, PP: 4.4, CP: 2.3 months median overall survival, P &amp;lt; 0.001, log-rank test). Moreover, the iPD score was able to detect the pseudoprogressors better than other scores. On the validation set, CP patients had significantly worse survival than PP and GP patients (P &amp;lt; 0.05, log-rank test). Conclusions: The iPD score provides oncologists with a new evaluation, computable at first progression, to decide whether treatment should be continued (for the GP group), or immediately changed for the PP and CP groups. Further validation on larger cohorts is needed to prove its efficacy in clinical practice.
Genomes From Historic DNA Unveil Massive Hidden Extinction and Terminal Endangerment in a Tropical Asian Songbird Radiation
Authors: Meng Yue Wu, Clara Jesse Lau, Elize Ying Xin Ng, Pratibha Baveja, Chyi Yin Gwee, Keren Sadanandan, Teuku Reza Ferasyi, None Haminuddin, Rezky Ramadhan, Jochen K Menner, Frank E Rheindt
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2022)

Abstract Quantifying the magnitude of the global extinction crisis is important but remains challenging, as many extinction events pass unnoticed owing to our limited taxonomic knowledge of the world’s organisms. The increasing rarity of many taxa renders comprehensive sampling difficult, further compounding the problem. Vertebrate lineages such as birds, which are thought to be taxonomically well understood, are therefore used as indicator groups for mapping and quantifying global extinction. To test whether extinction patterns are adequately gauged in well-studied groups, we implemented ancient-DNA protocols and retrieved whole genomes from the historic DNA of museum specimens in a widely known songbird radiation of shamas (genus Copsychus) that is assumed to be of least conservation concern. We uncovered cryptic diversity and an unexpected degree of hidden extinction and terminal endangerment. Our analyses reveal that &amp;gt;40% of the phylogenetic diversity of this radiation is already either extinct in the wild or nearly so, including the two genomically most distinct members of this group (omissus and nigricauda), which have so far flown under the conservation radar as they have previously been considered subspecies. Comparing the genomes of modern samples with those from roughly a century ago, we also found a significant decrease in genetic diversity and a concomitant increase in homozygosity affecting various taxa, including small-island endemics that are extinct in the wild as well as subspecies that remain widespread across the continental scale. Our application of modern genomic approaches demonstrates elevated levels of allelic and taxonomic diversity loss in a songbird clade that has not been listed as globally threatened, highlighting the importance of ongoing reassessments of extinction incidence even across well-studied animal groups. Key words: extinction, introgression, white-rumped shama, conservation.
Public Health Service Study of Reye's Syndrome and Medications
Authors: Eugene S. Hurwitz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Between January 1985 and May 1986, following completion of a pilot study, a main study concerning the possible association between Reye's syndrome and salicylates was conducted. Twenty-seven patients with stage II or deeper Reye's syndrome whose diagnoses were confirmed by an expert panel and who had appropriate antecedent illnesses (chickenpox, respiratory illness, or gastrointestinal illness) prior to the onset of Reye's syndrome were compared with 140 controls matched for age, race (black or not black), and type and timing of onset of antecedent illness. Controls were selected from the same hospital, emergency room, or school as case-patients or were identified by random-digit telephone dialing. As in the pilot study, a strong statistical association with ingestion of salicylates during the antecedent illness and prior to the onset of Reye's syndrome was observed (odds ratio, 40; lower 95% confidence limit, 5.8). Analysis of the independent risk of aspirin and nonaspirin salicylates revealed a significant association with aspirin (odds ratio, 26; lower 95% confidence limit, 6.4); the independent risk of nonaspirin salicylates could not be assessed because only two cases were not exposed to aspirin. Assessment of epidemiologic issues of concern, including case-control differences in the severity of the antecedent illness, did not explain the high odds ratios that were observed. The high percentage of patients with Reye's syndrome exposed to salicylates (≥90%) in this and prior studies suggests that, though the reported incidence of Reye's syndrome has declined in recent years, concomitant with a decline in salicylate use among children, a majority of Reye's syndrome cases may be attributable to salicylate use. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:1905-1911)
Oat Products and Lipid Lowering
Authors: Cynthia M. Ripsin
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objectives.</h3> —To test the a priori hypothesis that consumption of oats will lower the blood total cholesterol level and to assess modifiers and confounders of this association. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —A computerized literature (MEDLINE) search and the Quaker Oats Co identified published and unpublished trials as of March 1991. Raw data were requested for all trials. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —Trials were included in summary effect size estimates if they were randomized and controlled, if a formal assessment of diet and body weight changes occurred, and, if raw data were not received, if there was enough information in the published report to perform calculations. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —Twenty trials were identified. Using the methods of DerSimonian and Laird, a summary effect size for change in blood total cholesterol level of -0.13 mmol/L (-5.9 mg/dL) (95% confidence interval [Cl], -0.19 to -0.017 mmol/L [-8.4 to -3.3 mg/dL]) was calculated for the 10 trials meeting the inclusion criteria. The summary effect size for trials using wheat control groups was -0.11 mmol/L (-4.4 mg/dL) (95% Cl, -0.21 to -0.01 mmol/L [-8.3 to -0.38 mg/dL]). Calculation of Keys scores demonstrated that substituting carbohydrates for dietary fats and cholesterol did not account for the majority of blood cholesterol reduction. Larger reductions were seen in trials in which subjects had initially higher blood cholesterol levels (≥5.9 mmol/L [≥229 mg/dL]), particularly when a dose of 3 g or more of soluble fiber was employed. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —This analysis supports the hypothesis that incorporating oat products into the diet causes a modest reduction in blood cholesterol level. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:3317-3325)
Source Book of Medical History
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Risks to the 340B Drug Pricing Program—Reply
Authors: Ryan P. Knox, Ameet Sarpatwari
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evaluation of Textbook Outcome as a Composite Quality Measure of Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: James Lucocq, John Scollay, Pradeep Patil
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

A textbook outcome (TO) is a composite quality measure that incorporates multiple perioperative events to reflect the most desirable outcome. The use of TO increases the event rate, captures more outcomes to reflect patient experience, and can be used as a benchmark for quality improvement.To introduce the concept of TO to elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), propose the TO criteria, and identify characteristics associated with TO failure.This retrospective cohort study was performed at 3 surgical units in a single health board in the United Kingdom. Participants included all patients undergoing elective LC between January 1, 2015, and January 1, 2020. Data were analyzed from January 1, 2015, to January 1, 2020.The TO criteria were defined based on review of existing TO metrics in the literature for other surgical procedures. A TO was defined as an unremarkable elective LC without conversion to open cholecystectomy, subtotal cholecystectomy, intraoperative complication, postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification ≥2), postoperative imaging, postoperative intervention, prolonged length of stay (>2 days), readmission within 100 days, or mortality. The rate of TOs was reported. Reasons for TO failure were reported, and preoperative characteristics were compared between TO and TO failure groups using both univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regressions.A total of 2166 patients underwent elective LC (median age, 54 [range, 13-92] years; 1579 [72.9%] female). One thousand eight hundred fifty-one patients (85.5%) achieved a TO with an unremarkable perioperative course. Reasons for TO failure (315 patients [14.5%]) included conversion to open procedure (25 [7.9%]), subtotal cholecystectomy (59 [18.7%]), intraoperative complications (40 [12.7%]), postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification ≥2; 92 [29.2%]), postoperative imaging (182 [57.8%]), postoperative intervention (57 [18.1%]), prolonged length of stay (>2 days; 142 [45.1%]), readmission (130 [41.3%]), and mortality (1 [0.3%]). Variables associated with TO failure included increasing American Society of Anesthesiologists score (odds ratio [OR], 2.55 [95 CI, 1.69-3.85]; P < .001), increasing number of prior biliary-related admissions (OR, 2.68 [95% CI, 1.36-5.27]; P = .004), acute cholecystitis (OR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.08-1.85]; P = .01), preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (OR, 2.07 [95% CI, 1.46-2.92]; P < .001), and preoperative cholecystostomy (OR, 3.22 [95% CI, 1.54-6.76]; P = .002).These findings suggest that applying the concept of TO to elective LC provides a benchmark to identify suboptimal patterns of care and enables institutions to identify strategies for quality improvement.
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease
Authors: Mortimer M. Bortin
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Pretransplant and posttransplant data for 69 patients with severe combined immunodeficiency disease are presented. Both B and T lymphocyte functions were absent in approximately 80% of the children and markedly depressed in the remainder. Transplantation of marrow from HLA genotypically identical donors provided the highest six-month survival rate (63%); six-month survival rates for patients who received fetal tissue transplants (43%) or marrow from mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) negative donors (38%) were significantly higher (<i>P</i>&lt;.05) than for patients treated with marrow from MLC positive donors (5%). Additional factors appeared to influence survival and the severity of graft-vs-host (GVH) disease. Patients more than 6 months of age had more intense GVH disease than younger patients. Survival rates were lower and GVH disease more intense when boys received transplants from girl donors than the reverse. (<i>JAMA</i>238:591-600, 1977)
Helen Salisbury: Bank holiday blues
Authors: Helen Salisbury
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Understanding cortical information processing in Huntington9s disease (HD), a genetic neurological disorder characterized by prominent motor and cognitive abnormalities, is key to understanding the mechanisms underlying the HD behavioral phenotype. We recorded extracellular spike activity in two symptomatic, freely behaving mouse models: R6/2 transgenics, which are based on a CBA × C57BL/6 background and show robust behavioral symptoms, and HD knock-in (KI) mice, which have a 129sv background and express relatively mild behavioral signs. We focused on prefrontal cortex and assessed firing patterns of individually recorded neurons as well as the amount of synchrony between simultaneously recorded neuronal pairs. At the single-unit level, spike trains in R6/2 transgenics were less variable and had a faster rate than their corresponding wild-type (WT) littermates but showed significantly less bursting. In contrast, KI and WT firing patterns were closely matched. An assessment of both WTs revealed that the R6/2 and KI difference could not be explained by a difference in WT electrophysiology. Thus, the altered pattern of individual spike trains in R6/2 mice appears to parallel their aggressive form of symptom expression. Both WT lines, however, showed a high proportion of synchrony between neuronal pairs (&gt;85%) that was significantly attenuated in both corresponding HD models (decreases of ∼20% and ∼30% in R6/2s and knock-ins, respectively). The loss of spike synchrony, regardless of symptom severity, suggests a population-level deficit in cortical information processing that underlies HD progression.
Matt Morgan: An ordinary death
Authors: Matt Morgan
Journal: BMJ (2022)

The palliative care physician and author Kathryn Mannix described the death of Queen Elizabeth II sadly and beautifully on Twitter last week. 1She wrote about how the Queen's gradual adaptation to frailty in recent years, involving less travel and more rest, was an inherent part of mortality-or "ordinary dying," as she put it.While media outlets have concentrated on the dramatic moment of the Queen's death, Mannix pulls us away from the screens to consider the process behind the event.In the intensive care unit we increasingly meet frail, older patients who have been referred to us for multiorgan support for "reversible" problems.These may include severe infections, support after major bowel surgery, or serious strokes.We are asked to consider the event of the patient's illness as something that could be fixed with drugs, machines, nursing care, and, most importantly, time.And often they are right.The problem may indeed have a fix.The event may pass.These punctuated incidents, these isolated catastrophes, may have a solution.But this is to look only at the event, not the process behind it.This focus is partly the fault of those of us working in the deep technology of the intensive care unit (ICU).We have long concentrated on numbers, physiology, and looking for reversible problems.However, as we gain a better appreciation of survivorship, we are moving away from framing our patients' health problems as events and towards understanding them as processes.The narrative of the patient's journey towards the ICU is often more important than the signal event that knocked on our door.Like Mannix's specialty of palliative care, ICU is one of the few medical specialties that feature the word "care" in their name.But as well as caring for the patients and families, we need to care about the process leading to an event.When considering patients' best interests, we need to ensure that fixing one event in this case can lead to good.Even in the face of frailty, a good life is still possible as an aim.As Mannix says, "At the end of life, we can still enjoy love, and peace, and companions."Let's keep that as our goal, rather than just seeking to fix single events.
Interpretation of the OPRA Study: Are Our Criteria Reliable Enough to Recommend Watch and Wait?
Authors: Osman Sütcüoğlu, Nigar Rustamova Cennet, Ahmet Özet, Nuriye Özdemir, Ozan Yazıcı
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

The final report of the OPRA trial by Garcia-Aguilar et al 1 has been published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.This study strengthens the total neoadjuvant treatment (TNT) regimen and watch-and-wait
Quain's Dictionary of Medicine.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prediction the clinical EPR effect of nanoparticles in patient-derived xenograft models
Authors: Sangmin Jeon, Eunsung Jun, Hyeyoun Chang, Ji Young Yhee, Eun-Young Koh, Yeounhee Kim, Jae Yun Jung, Eun Ji Jeong, Jong Won Lee, Man Kyu Shim, Hong Yeol Yoon, Suhwan Chang, Kwangmeyung Kim, Song Cheol Kim
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2022)