tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical Research and Ethics
Authors: Maurice B. Visscher
Journal: JAMA (1967)

"Respect for the sanctity of human life is the underlying value of the medical ethic." So said Professor Carl E. Taylor<sup>1</sup>in a recent paper, placing the whole medical enterprise—its science and its practice—into its larger framework in the value structure of human society. It is within this framework that one should consider the ethics of the use of animals in all biological and especially medical investigation and teaching. Philosophers have argued throughout human history about the logical basis of ethics. In our own times it has been conceded that the morality of an act must be judged in the light of the total context in which it is performed. Furthermore, philosophers have all but abandoned hope of defining from a priori principles the essence of good or bad. As Professor A. J. Ayer<sup>2</sup>has put it recently, "We find that argument is possible on moral questions only
Intensive Care of Status Asthmaticus
Authors: Sidney S. Braman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Previous reports have disclosed a high morbidity and mortality in hospitalized asthmatics, especially those treated in the intensive care unit. Recently, it has been questioned whether the benefits of treating asthmatics in the intensive care unit outweigh the potential hazards. To address this issue, we examined the outcome of status asthmaticus in our medical intensive care unit between January 1, 1978, and December 31, 1987. Eighty episodes of status asthmaticus occurred in 64 patients. In 50 episodes, respiratory failure (Paco<sub>2</sub>&gt;50 mm Hg) was present. In half of these episodes, mechanical ventilation was avoided despite severe acidosis and hypercapnia; in the remainder mechanical ventilation was required as a lifesaving measure. Most patients improved rapidly and required only a short stay in the intensive care unit. There were no deaths and few complications. This was accomplished by close monitoring and repetitive blood gas analysis. We believe that the previous high complication rates and mortality associated with the hospital care of status asthmaticus can be avoided. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:366-368)
Editorial board and contents
Authors: Cristian Castillo-Davis, David Miller, Eldon Ball, Ulrich Technau, Keith Adams, Jonathan Wendel, Yossef Neeman, Dvir Dahary, Erez Levanon, Rotem Sorek, Eli Eisenberg, Jerel Davis, Dmitri Petrov, Ce ´dric Feschotte, Ellen Pritham, Martin Seifert, Matthias Scherf, Anton Epple, Thomas Werner, Georgia Panopoulou, Albert Poustka, Si-Houy Lao-Sirieix, Luca Pellegrini, Stephen Bell, Makedonka Mitreva, Mark Blaxter, David Bird, James Mccarter Trendsin, Robert Shields, Treasa Creavin, Manager Moulton, P Borst, H Horvitz, E Koonin, E Meyerowitz, S Moreno, D Sherratt, A Rienzo, R Hudson, G Gibson, B Weir, J Hancock
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2005)
Research resolves uncertainties of regulation
Authors: Kimberly Glasbrenner
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Located in the woodlands of what was once part of the Pine Bluff Arsenal's biological warfare facility in Jefferson, Ark, is the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)—the research arm of the FDA. Director Ronald Hart, PhD, says the center, which lies approximately 1,600 km (1,000 miles) southwest of the agency's headquarters, "was created to serve as a research base, not just for the FDA, but for other regulatory agencies as well." He goes on to explain that the investigations sponsored by the NCTR combine basic research with the testing, surveillance, and monitoring conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the Centers for Disease Control. Hart emphasizes that the NCTR is not a testing laboratory. "We resolve the uncertainties of regulation," he explains, which involves identifying problems and using basic research. In general, he adds, "all center research programs are directed toward the
Transcatheter oily chemoembolization in the management of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: Results of a western comparative study in 60 patients
Authors: Denis Vetter, Jean-Jacques Wenger, Jean-Michel Bergier, Michel Doffoel, René Bockel
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Transcatheter oily chemoembolization is widely used as palliative therapy for inoperable hepatocellalar carcinoma in high-incidence Asiatic areas. To assess its usefulness in the Western form of this cancer, 20 French patients were treated between 1987 and 1990 by intraarterial hepatic injection of a Lipiodoldoxorubicin emulsion followed by embolization with 0.5 to 1 mm gelatin sponge particles. The number of procedures ranged from one to five. All patients had advanced, symptomatic and inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (Okuda's staging: I, n = 8; II, n = 14; III, n = 8); none was found under systematic screening. All had underlying cirrhosis (Child-Pugh's class: A, n = 15; B, n = 12; C, n = 3) that was alcoholic in origin in 27 case and posthepatitic B in origin in 3 cases. The results of the treatment were assessed by comparison with a group of 30 untreated patients admitted to the same unit between 1984 and 1987. Patients of both groups were closely matched for clinical presentation, global disease staging and precise anatomical extension. The overall 1- and 2-yr survival rate was 59% and 30%, respectively, for the treated patients vs. 0% at 1 yr for the untreated patients. The latter all died from local disease with end-stage liver failure and/or uncontrollable variceal bleeding. In the former, the three vatients with Child's class C cirrhosis died after the first procedure. During the follow-up (range = 3 to 26 mo), 11 additional patients died, 8 from metastatic generalization. In four of these cases, an adjuvant systemic chemotherapy with epirubicin was given and provided an effective response to functional symptoms in two cases (loss of pain caused by bone metastases). Fifteen autopsies were performed in the untreated group and all showed a cancerous thrombus of the main portal trunk, whereas this was found in only 1 of 10 autopsies in the treated group. We conclude that transcatheter oily chemoembolization is an efficient palliative treatment in the Western form of hepatocellular carcinoma complieating cirrhosis; it acts as a locoregional therapy that prevents the cancerous invasion of the portal system. Further trials are needed to define the best therapy to prevent or to treat extrahepatic dissemination. (Hepatology 1991;13:427-433.)
Ensuring Health Care for the Uninsured
Authors: Arlene S. Bierman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Weissman's review<sup>1</sup>of the role of uncompensated care in providing health care to the uninsured documents the growing fragility of the safety net. In the same issue, Dr Ginzberg<sup>2</sup>provides a much needed word of caution about the ability of market forces and competition to solve the chronic problems confronting our health care system. Each article underscores how far reliance on market reforms has moved us from the objective of universal access to health care. Together they portend a looming crisis and should serve as a wake-up call for renewed debate. The number of uninsured persons is predicted to reach 45.6 million by the year 2002<sup>3</sup>as traditional mechanisms to provide care to this population are eroding. The literature has consistently shown that the uninsured have worse health outcomes than the insured.<sup>4</sup>As access to care becomes more problematic, existing inequities
Instructions in Coronary Anatomy
Authors: Don B. Ziperman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The BRIEF REPORT by Sos et al (243:252, 1980) nicely reviews one method for conceptualization of coronary anatomy. Daves<sup>1</sup>somewhat earlier described a similar method, referred to as "loop and circle," in which the loop corresponds to the interventricular groove and the circle to the atrioventricular groove. The method of Sos et al, requiring both hands, would be excellent for self-instruction, as they indicate. It would, however, be difficult to apply to group instruction, since neither hand is free to point out anatomic points. Daves suggests the construction of a wire model that has the advantages of being able to be rotated in three dimensions, projected against a screen by back lighting, and manipulation with one hand, thus leaving the other hand free to point out anatomic landmarks.
Penicillin Treatment for Congenital Syphilis
Authors: George H. McCracken
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The asymptomatic infant with suspected congenital neurosyphilis poses a diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Because cerebrospinal fluid serologic studies may be falsely reactive, the clinician is frequently forced to treat infants as if they have neurosyphilis despite the lack of confirmatory laboratory data. There are very few clinical studies to indicate the proper dosage and preparation of penicillin for treatment of congenital syphilis. The current recommendations for treatment make no distinction for infants with or without neurosyphilis. Revised treatment schedules for congenital syphilis with or without central nervous system disease are proposed in accordance with the available pharmacologic data and in the absence of adequate clinical experience. (<i>JAMA</i>228:855-858, 1974)
Risk of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Paul J. Rosch
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The unexpected results of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) Heart Risk Study (1982;248:1501) should not be puzzling, given the design of the study. The fundamental error was some confusion between association and causation. An increased incidence of hypertension, elevated cholesterol level, or smoking in coronary heart disease (CHD) does not entitle one to conclude that these are causative factors. Results of this study and others using appropriate attempts addressed solely to reducing these items have been disappointing. What the study failed to consider was the role of stress and, particularly, coronary-prone behavior characteristics, which have now been shown to be at least as important as any other item and also to produce the presumably damaging changes in the very matters studied. The proof of the pudding lies in the observation that behavioral modification and/or administration of β-blockers, which prevent
Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen.
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Logic of a University Student USSR-US Exchange Program
Authors: E. Grey Dimond
Journal: JAMA (1985)

IN THIS essay, I will not repeat well-known facts about nuclear war but directly go to a preventive strategy, almost primitive in its logic: the exchange of hostages. To gain a listener's attention and communicate the logic of safety from a nuclear threat through a concept not based on extremely complex and expensive technology is difficult. Not only difficult, but the proposer is vulnerable to criticisms ranging from "childish" to "dotty."<sup>1</sup> I will not lengthen this discussion by reciting the experience of history other than to note that an exchange of citizens and students was commonly practiced by the Hellenic city-states, that Caesar in his<i>Commentaries</i>describes exchanges as a means of gaining understanding between tribes, that marriage has long been a device of diplomacy, that a nation's borders have been secured by using a ruler's daughters as connubial hostages, and that such exchanges have been a fundamental device
Streptococci in Relation to Man in Health and Disease.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1933)

This volume contains a very complete presentation of the subject under consideration.Beginning with a ehapter on the problem, it proceeds, in logical sequence to the consideration of organization, legislation, the dispensary, home treatment, the sanatorium and all related questions.The whole book will be of real value to those who, are responsible for tuber- culosis control.The chapter which might be selected as being of greatest interest is the one devoted to home treatment, and the detailed consideration of this point will be of great interest to all medical practitioners.The views of the author are stated in the following quotation: " This indicates that the most important field of treatment is in the home."The book is recommended to all who have to do with the care of the tuberculous at home or in institutions.
Cigarette Sales to Minors—Colorado, 1989
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Death Associated With Ventricular Arrhythmia and Thioridazine Hydrochloride
Authors: Thomas D. Giles
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Ventricular arrhythmia associated with the administration of thioridazine hydrochloride is thought to be the cause of death of a 19-year-old boy. There were changes in the repolarization portion of the electrocardiogram. High doses of thioridazine had been given in cases with fatal or nearly fatal outcomes, and there is a strong suggestion that when high doses of phenothiazines are required, thioridazine should be considered contraindicated.
NIH Consensus Panel Spurs Discontent
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

DESPITE an attempt at the start of this year to resolve the question of whether women in their 40s should have routine mammography for the early detection of breast cancer, the issue continues to be controversial. When the National Cancer Institute (NCI) reversed its previously held position and recommended in 1993 that routine mammographic screening for women 40 to 49 years old was not warranted, several groups—including the American Cancer Society—strongly disagreed. Confusion reigned. In an attempt to settle the matter, a consensus development panel called by the NCI's parent agency, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), met last month to consider whether new evidence that has emerged in the past 3 years warranted a recommendation for screening. After 6 weeks of reading more than 100 reports and 2 days of listening to 32 presentations by invited speakers, the 13-member panel concluded that the decision whether to have a routine
Review of Physiological Chemistry
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Disease-Specific Survival Following Routine Prostate Cancer Screening by Digital Rectal Examination
Authors: Glenn S. Gerber
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess prostate cancer mortality in men undergoing routine screening by routine digital rectal examination. <h3>Design.</h3> —Cohort study with a median follow-up period of 75 months. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Population consisted of volunteers at a university clinic and men in an institutional health maintenance clinic. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Fifty-six men with a mean age of 65 years (range, 52 to 79 years) diagnosed with prostate cancer. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Patients treated initially by observation, external or interstitial radiotherapy, radical prostatectomy, hormone therapy, or combination. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Kaplan-Meier analysis of time to local progression, distant metastases, death from all causes, and death from prostate cancer. Mantel-Haenszel log-rank statistic was used to compare outcome in men diagnosed on initial examination with those diagnosed on subsequent examinations. <h3>Results.</h3> —Clinically localized prostate cancer was diagnosed in 73% during an initial examination and in 33% (6/18) during subsequent examinations. Five- and 10-year disease-specific survival was 97% and 86%, respectively, for men diagnosed during the first rectal examination compared with only 81% and 57%, respectively, for men diagnosed on subsequent rectal examinations (<i>P</i>=.02). <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Routine screening for prostate cancer by annual digital rectal examination alone may be insufficiently frequent and/or sensitive to prevent significant mortality from this disease. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:61-64)
Raiders of the lost dream
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2001)

This study raises the issue of the role of sports and exercise medicine in the broader context of public health.Many of us who see ourselves as "couch potatoes" or "mouse potatoes" to use the appropriate computer jargon, lament the passing of our former fitness.Well, hope is at hand.A study with a remarkable name, the Dallas Bed Rest and Training Study, has found in a 30 year follow up, that just six months of exercise can reverse the decline in cardiovascular capacity associated with aging.However, just three weeks of bed rest has a far more profound negative eVect on cardiac fitness than aging alone.The study findings showed that men who undertook a six month endurance training programme of walking, jogging, or stationary cycling were able to completely recover the aerobic fitness they had lost in the previous 30 years.None of the men had complications from the exercise and all managed to stick to their exercise regimen.Their training level increased weekly until at the end of six months they were exercising four hours per week over four to five sessions.The study focused on five healthy men who at the age of 20 originally took part in the landmark Dallas study, and then participated in the 30 year follow up study.In the 1966 study, they did eight weeks of intensive exercise training after 20 days of bed rest.In the follow up, they were evaluated for the eVects of age on cardiovascular response to exercise testing and cardiovascular adaptation to an exercise programme.Researchers found that 20 days of bed rest at the age of 20 had a far more profoundly negative impact on cardiovascular fitness than did 30 years of aging.Over 30
Interactions Between Lymphoid Tumor Cells and Isolated Liver Endothelial Cells
Authors: Ed Roos, Abraham Tulp, Otto P. Middelkoop, Ilja V. van de Pavert
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Interactions were studied between highly metastatic murine MB6A lymphosarcoma cells and rat liver endothelial cells that had been isolated by collagenase perfusion and purified by unit gravity sedimentation. Experiments were performed on the day of isolation. MB6A cells were observed to adhere to the endothelial cells. Addition of rat serum had a striking effect: The endothelial cells spread over the MB6A cell surface, engulfing the tumor cells. The factor involved was nondialyzable and also was present in rat plasma. Similar interactions were seen with highly metastatic ESb and MDAY-D2 lymphoma cells and with nonmetastatic Eb cells. Low-metastatic GRSL 34 leukemia and TA3/Ha ascites mammary carcinoma cells did not adhere to the endothelial cells. With this in vitro model the molecular mechanisms of adhesion to liver endothelium were studied. As a first step, univalent antibodies against MB6A cells were found to inhibit adhesion, indicating involvement of specific cell surface molecules.
Influence of Sex-Segregated Grouping and of Inoculation With Subcellular Leukemic Material on Development of Nonleukemic Lesions in DBA/2, BALB/c, and CBA Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Ebbesen, P., Rask-Nielsen, R.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

Journal Article Influence of Sex-Segregated Grouping and of Inoculation With Subcellular Leukemic Material on Development of Nonleukemic Lesions in DBA/2, BALB/c, and CBA Mice Get access P. Ebbesen, P. Ebbesen Department of Biochemistry A (Head: Professor F. Lundquist, Ph.D.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Rask-Nielsen R. Rask-Nielsen Department of Biochemistry A (Head: Professor F. Lundquist, Ph.D.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 39, Issue 5, November 1967, Pages 917–932, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/39.5.917 Published: 01 November 1967 Article history Received: 17 February 1967 Revision received: 23 May 1967 Published: 01 November 1967