tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nebulized nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct reduces chronic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: V. Hampl, M. Tristani-Firouzi, T. C. Hutsell, S. L. Archer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Objective: Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) is a selective pulmonary vasodilator, but its use has been restricted almost exclusively to the intensive care setting due to the complexity of its delivery. NO/nucleophile adducts, such as diethylenetriamine/NO (DETA/NO), spontaneously release NO in aqueous solutions. We hypothesized that a nebulized DETA/NO (half-time of NO release > 20 h) would stay in the lower airways and continuously supply sufficient NO to achieve sustained vasodilation in chronic pulmonary hypertension. Methods: Chronic pulmonary hypertension was induced in rats by a monocrotaline injection. Nineteen days later, nebulizations of DETA/NO were given on 4 consecutive days (5 and 50 μmol; 10 min/day). One day after the last nebulization, pulmonary and systemic arterial pressure and cardiac output were measured after thoracotomy. The lungs were isolated and perfused to study the pressure-flow relationship. The effect of DETA/NO nebulization on acute vasoconstrictor reactivity was studied in additional isolated lungs. Results: Total pulmonary, but not systemic, vascular resistance was significantly reduced by both DETA/NO doses, suggesting that DETA/NO, like NO, causes preferential dilation of the pulmonary circulation. The pulmonary perfusion pressure-flow curves were shifted downwards by DETA/NO treatment, indicating improved resistive properties of the pulmonary vasculature. DETA/NO nebulization into isolated lungs increased exhaled NO levels and progressively reduced vasoconstrictor responses to angiotensin II and acute hypoxia. These effects were not reversed by perfusate exchange. In intact rats, carotid artery pressure and plasma NO2− + NO3− levels did not change during and after DETA/NO nebulization. Conclusion: DETA/NO nebulization offers a possibility of once a day, ambulatory delivery of NO and is a potential treatment for chronic pulmonary hypertension, although further studies are needed to establish safety and selectivity.
Symposium on Neuro-Ophthalmology
Authors: William F. Hoyt
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<b>Essentials of Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology,</b>by Arthur H. Wolintz, 198 pp, with illus, $12.50, Boston, Little, Brown, 1976. This symposium-type book of the 1975 New Orleans Academy of Ophthalmology belongs about midway between useful reference and "filler" for collectors of the unbroken series. It is almost a verbatim transcript of lectures by experts in neuro-ophthalmologic diagnosis and management. Over 100 pages record round-table discussions and comments on instructive clinical cases and other problems. Some of the conversational language is so informal that forest conservationists might complain about using such high quality paper for such purposes! Any trainee in ophthalmology or practicing eye specialist will appreciate the excellent chapter on assessment of vision in optic nerve and chiasmal disease, as long as they are not intimidated by seeing the author's face staring out at them in eight of the illustrations. There are summary chapters on various optic nerve diseases, chiasmal syndromes, and
The Role of Schools in Healthy People 2000
Authors: Max A. Heeb
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —It was encouraging to read the article "<i>Healthy People 2000</i>at Mid Decade" by Drs McGinnis and Lee,<sup>1</sup>but I was unable to find any mention of the importance of health education in our schools as an important component of disease prevention in our society. In August 1989, the National Association of State Boards of Education and the American Medical Association formed a national commission on the role of the school and the community in improving adolescent health. The commission demonstrated that for the first time in the history of this country, young people are less healthy and less prepared to take their places in society than their parents were. In June 1992, with support provided by the American Cancer Society, 100 representatives of 37 national health education and social service agencies gathered to develop an action plan that would move forward an agenda these organizations
Nucleic Acids, Their Chemical Properties and Physiological Conduct.
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Endoscopy International Open – recently published
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

See also: Cross-sectional small intestinal surveillance of maintenance hemodialysis patients using video capsule endoscopy: SCHEMA studyEndosc Int Open 2016; 04(05): E589-E596DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-105203 See also: Peroral endoscopic myotomy for Jackhammer esophagus: to cut or not to cut the lower esophageal sphincterEndosc Int Open 2016; 04(05): E585-E588DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-105204 See also: Clinical usefulness of a single-use splinting tube for poor endoscope operability in deep colonic endoscopic submucosal dissectionEndosc Int Open 2016; 04(06): E614-E617DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-105434
Diseases of the Chest and the Principles of Physical Diagnosis
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Treatment of Vasculitis of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Leonard H. Calabrese
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with interest the article by Stein et al<sup>1</sup>on the use of cerebral angiography as a guide for therapy in isolated central nervous system vasculitis. We too have used this modality—for similar reasons—to follow up patients with vasculitis of the central nervous system and have been impressed with its utility.<sup>2</sup>Unlike the situation reported by Stein et al, whose patient clearly had systemic lupus erythematosus apparently complicated by vasculitis of the central nervous system, we have performed follow-up cerebral angiography in two patients with primary angiitis of the central nervous system. This is a condition in which there is no evidence of systemic diseases that may be complicated by angiitis within the central nervous system, such as systemic necrotizing vasculitis, connective tissue disease, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, or lymphoma. We arbitrarily chose a six-month end point for angiographic follow-up and in two cases were
Case-Control Study of Bladder Cancer in New Jersey. I. Occupational Exposures in White Males&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The occupational bladder cancer risk for New Jersey white males was estimated with the use of both industry-job title-based and exposure-based analyses of data from 658 incident cases and 1,258 general population controls. The overall bladder cancer risk attributable to occupational exposures was estimated as 20–22%. A wide variety of employment categories and exposures contributed to this risk. Odds ratios were significantly high for employment as garage and gas station workers and food counter workers and/or cooks and for exposure to leather, rubber, paint, printing ink, and other organic compounds. Odds ratios for textile mill workers, chemical workers, and metal workers for the a priori high-risk employment category and odds ratios for those exposed to dyes, chlorinated compounds, and rubber showed significant differences between younger and older subjects. Bladder cancer risk associated with occupational exposures was not limited to persons with initial exposures before 25 years of age. However, there was significantly decreasing risk for bladder cancer with increasing age at first exposure for chemical workers and metal workers and for the a priori high-risk materials and metals. Drivers and/or deliverymen and miscellaneous laborers had significantly increasing bladder cancer risk with increasing duration of employment.
A Practical Treatise on Disorders of the Sexual Function in the Male and Female.
Authors: Max Huhner, F Davis
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fundamentals of Dermatology.
Journal: JAMA (1926)

it is quite impractical outside the well equipped metabolic laboratory, and unsuitable for the average practitioner.A close study of the diets, however, leaves one with the impression that the author has exercised greater care in adapting the diets to the patient, than to the disease from which he may be suffering.The only diet prescribed for typhoid fever is of the now obsolete starvation type, while no place is alloted to the universally recognized Sippy and Lenhartz regimes for peptic ulcer.The book, though hardly suitable for the research student or specialist, is recommended to the general practitioner.
Induction of Liver Tumors in Wistar Rats by Sodium Nitrite Given in Pellet Diet&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Mari Aoyagi, Norio Matsukura, Eiji Uchida, Takashi Kawachi, Takashi Sugimura, Shozo Takayama, Masami Matsui
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Sodium nitrite was given to male noninbred Wistar rats at levels of 800 ppm and 1,600 ppm in a pellet diet for 646 experimental days. The first tumor was found on day 441 in the liver of a rat given a diet containing 800 ppm sodium nitrite. On day 646, liver tumors were found in 1 of 22 rats (4.5%) on an 800-ppm sodium nitrite diet and in 5 of 19 rats (26.3%) on a 1,600-ppm sodium nitrite diet. The incidence of liver tumors in the rats fed 1,600 ppm sodium nitrite was significantly different from that in controls as judged by the t-test (P<0.05). A hepatocellular carcinoma and a hemangioendothelial sarcoma of the liver were found on day 646 in 2 rats fed 1,600 ppm sodium nitrite. One mammary tumor but no liver tumors were found in the 19 control rats. The concentration of sodium nitrite decreased after preparation of the pellet diet, but it was still at least 70% of the initial amount when the pellets were given to the rats. Volatile N-nitroso compounds, especially dimethylnitrosamine, at ppm levels were detected in the pellet diet with a gas chromatography-thermal energy analyzer.
Evolutionary distances between nucleotide sequences based on the distribution of substitution rates among sites as estimated by parsimony
Authors: N. J. Tourasse, M. Gouy
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

The rate of evolution of macromolecules such as ribosomal RNAs and proteins varies along the molecule because structural and functional constraints differ between sites. Many studies have shown that ignoring this variation in computing evolutionary distances leads to severe underestimation of sequence divergences, and thus can lead to misleading evolutionary tree inferences. We propose here a new parsimony-based method for computing evolutionary distances between pairs of sequences that takes into account this variation and estimates it from the data. This method applies to the number of substitutions per site in ribosomal RNA genes as well as to the number of nonsynonymous substitutions per codon for protein-coding genes and is especially suitable when large data sets (> or = 100 sequences) are analyzed. First, starting from a phylogeny constructed with usual distances, the maximum-parsimony method is used to infer the distribution of the number of substitutions that have occurred at each site (or codon) along this tree. This distribution is then fitted to an "invariant + truncated negative binomial" distribution that allows for invariant sites. Maximum-likelihood fitting of this distribution to different data sets showed that it agreed very well with real data. Noticeably, allowing for invariant sites seemed to be very important. Finally, two distance estimates were developed by introducing the distribution of site variability into the substitution models of Jukes and Cantor and of Kimura. The use of different numbers of aligned sequences (up to 1,000 rRNA sequences) showed that the parameters of the model are very sensitive to the number of sequences used to estimate them. However, if at least 100 sequences are considered, the two new distance estimates are quite stable with respect to the number of sequences used to fit the distribution. This stability is true for low as well as for high evolutionary distances. These new distances appeared to be much better estimates of the number of substitutions per site than the classical distances of Jukes and Cantor and of Kimura, which both greatly underestimate this number, so that they can serve as indexes to detect saturation. We conclude that the new distances are particularly suitable for phylogenetic analysis when very distantly related species and relatively large data sets are considered. Trees reconstructed using these distances are generally different from those constructed by means of the classical estimates. Using this new method, we showed that the mean evolutionary distance between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes is substantially higher for the small-subunit than for the large-subunit rRNAs. This suggests than the former might have experienced a drastic change during the early evolution of Eukaryotes.
Clinical Breast Examination for Detecting Breast Cancer
Authors: William H. Goodson III
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Long-term Mortality After 5-Year Multifactorial Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-aged Men
Authors: Timo E. Strandberg
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To investigate the long-term effects of multifactorial primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). <h3>Design.</h3> —The 5-year randomized, controlled trial was performed between 1974 and 1980. The subjects and their risk factors were reevaluated in 1985. Posttrial mortality follow-up was continued up to December 31, 1989. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland, and Second Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki. <h3>Participants.</h3> —In all, 3490 business executives born during 1919 through 1934 participated in health checkups in the late 1960s. In 1974, 1222 of these men who were clinically healthy, but with CVD risk factors, were entered into the primary prevention trial; 612 were randomized to an intervention and 610 to a control group. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —During the 5-year trial, the subjects of the intervention group visited the investigators every fourth month. They were treated with intensive dietetic-hygienic measures and frequently with hypolipidemic (mainly clofibrate and/or probucol) and antihypertensive (mainly β-blockers and/or diuretics) drugs. The control group was not treated by the investigators. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Total mortality, cardiac mortality, mortality due to other causes. <h3>Results.</h3> —Total coronary heart disease risk was reduced by 46% in the intervention group as compared with the control group at end-trial. During 5 posttrial years, the risk factor and medication differences were largely leveled off between the groups. Between 1974 and 1989 the total number of deaths was 67 in the intervention group and 46 in the control group (relative risk [RR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.01 to 2.08;<i>P</i>=.048); there were 34 and 14 cardiac deaths (RR, 2.42; 95% Cl, 1.31 to 4.46; P=.001), two and four deaths due to other CVD (not significant), 13 and 21 deaths due to cancer (RR, 0.62; 95% Cl, 0.31 to 1.22;<i>P</i>=.15), and 13 and one deaths due to violence (RR, 13.0; 95% Cl, 1.70 to 98.7;<i>P</i>=.002), respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis of treatments in the intervention group did not explain the 15-year excess cardiac mortality. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —These unexpected results may not question multifactorial prevention as such but do support the need for research on the selection and interaction(s) of methods used in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:1225-1229)
Hypercalcemia Due to Hypervitaminosis A
Authors: Gail Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Symptoms of hypercalcemia and of hypervitaminosis A were found in an 18-year-old woman who had been taking 150,000 units of vitamin A daily for acne over a period of more than three years. Serum vitamin A blood levels were elevated. A radioimmunoassay of parathyroid hormone was normal. Hypercalcemia and symptoms of hypervitaminosis A disappeared on treatment with saline infusions and furosemide orally. We were able to find only three previously reported cases of hypervitaminosis A as a cause of hypercalcemia.
The Hepatitis B Saga
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1981)

EPIDEMICS of jaundice were observed for centuries, while their cause remained mysterious, but in all likelihood, most outbreaks represented what is now called hepatitis A. However, in 1883, an epidemic of jaundice occurred among shipyard workers who had been vaccinated against smallpox with material made from a human source,<sup>1</sup>and this may represent the first identifiable instance of the disease now known as hepatitis B. Since the causative agent of hepatitis B is distributed worldwide, however, other unrecorded epidemics may have occurred. By the turn of the 20th century, the epidemic nature of hepatitis was recognized, and various names were applied. For example, as late as the early 1930s, acute catarrhal jaundice was a favored diagnosis. At that time the disease (or diseases) was suspected of having viral origin since a bacterium had not been incriminated. Yet, the diseases were considered benign; their potential for following a fulminant course
Out-of-Hospital CPR
Authors: Michael L. McCoy
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their article,<sup>1</sup>Kellermann and associates outline the EMS system of the Memphis Fire Department and the procedure they follow for responding to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Included in the system are automated external defibrillators on half of the first-responder units of the Memphis Fire Department engine companies. The addition of the automated external defibrillators to the Memphis Fire Department completes the recommended links of the American Heart Association's "chain of survival."<sup>2</sup> The study results describe the outcomes of patients who had received various levels of care and the effect of many variables such as response times of first-responder, ACLS, and initial rhythm. From that, recommendations were made that adults who "fail to respond to an adequate trial of prehospital ACLS" should not be transported and that "physicians should authorize paramedics to cease efforts in the field."<sup>1</sup>There are a number of other researchers who