tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal study of six seasons of match injuries in elite female rugby union
Authors: Lindsay Toyah Starling, Niki Gabb, Sean Williams, Simon Kemp, Keith A Stokes
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2022)

ObjectiveTo establish match injury rates and patterns in elite female rugby union players in England.We conducted a six-season (2011/2012-2013/2014 and 2017/2018-2019/2020) prospective cohort study of time-loss match injuries in elite-level female players in the English Premiership competition. A 24-hour time-loss definition was used.Five-hundred and thirty-four time-loss injuries were recorded during 13 680 hours of match exposure. Injury incidence was 39 injuries per 1000 hours (95% CIs 36 to 42) with a mean severity of 48 days (95% CIs 42 to 54) and median severity of 20 days (IQR: 7-57). Concussion was the most common specific injury diagnosis (five concussions per 1000 hours, 95% CIs 4 to 6). The tackle event was associated with the greatest burden of injury (615 days absence per 1000 hours 95% CIs 340 to 1112), with 'being tackled' specifically causing the most injuries (28% of all injuries) and concussions (22% of all concussions).This is the first multiple-season study of match injuries in elite women's rugby union players. Match injury incidence was similar to that previously reported within international women's rugby union. Injury prevention strategies centred on the tackle would focus on high-burden injuries, which are associated with substantial player time-loss and financial costs to teams as well as the high-priority area of concussions.
Dietary digestible carbohydrates are associated with higher prevalence of asthma in humans and with aggravated lung allergic inflammation in mice
Authors: Stephanie Musiol, Carla P. Harris, Ruth Karlina, Johanna M. Gostner, Birgit Rathkolb, Benjamin Schnautz, Evelyn Schneider, Lisa Mair, Ernesto Elorduy Vergara, Claudia Flexeder, Sibylle Koletzko, Carl‐Peter Bauer, Tamara Schikowski, Dietrich Berdel, Andrea von Berg, Gunda Herberth, Jan Rozman, Martin Hrabe de Angelis, Marie Standl, Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber, Siegfried Ussar, Francesca Alessandrini
Journal: Allergy (2022)

Abstract Background Dietary carbohydrates and fats are intrinsically correlated within the habitual diet. We aimed to disentangle the associations of starch and sucrose from those of fat, in relation to allergic sensitization, asthma and rhinoconjuctivitis prevalence in humans, and to investigate underlying mechanisms using murine models. Methods Epidemiological data from participants of two German birth cohorts (age 15) were used in logistic regression analyses testing cross‐sectional associations of starch and sucrose (and their main dietary sources) with aeroallergen sensitization, asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis, adjusting for correlated fats (saturated, monounsaturated, omega‐6 and omega‐3 polyunsaturated) and other covariates. For mechanistic insights, murine models of aeroallergen‐induced allergic airway inflammation (AAI) fed with a low‐fat‐high‐sucrose or ‐high‐starch versus a high‐fat diet were used to characterize and quantify disease development. Metabolic and physiologic parameters were used to track outcomes of dietary interventions and cellular and molecular responses to monitor the development of AAI. Oxidative stress biomarkers were measured in murine sera or lung homogenates. Results We demonstrate a direct association of dietary sucrose with asthma prevalence in males, while starch was associated with higher asthma prevalence in females. In mice, high‐carbohydrate feeding, despite scant metabolic effects, aggravated AAI compared to high‐fat in both sexes, as displayed by humoral response, mucus hypersecretion, lung inflammatory cell infiltration and T H 2‐T H 17 profiles. Compared to high‐fat, high‐carbohydrate intake was associated with increased pulmonary oxidative stress, signals of metabolic switch to glycolysis and decreased systemic anti‐oxidative capacity. Conclusion High consumption of digestible carbohydrates is associated with an increased prevalence of asthma in humans and aggravated lung allergic inflammation in mice, involving oxidative stress‐related mechanisms.
Bet v 1‐independent sensitization to major allergens in <i>Fagales</i> pollen: Evidence at the T‐cell level
Authors: Dominika Polak, Ute Vollmann, Joao Grilo, Ivan V. Bogdanov, Lorenz Aglas, Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova, Fatima Ferreira, Barbara Bohle
Journal: Allergy (2022)

In birch-dominated areas, allergies to pollen from trees of the order Fagales are considered to be initiated by the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. However, the sensitizing activity of Bet v 1-homologs in Fagales pollen might be underestimated. Allergen-specific T-cells are crucial in the sensitization process. The T-cell response to major allergens from alder, hazel, oak, hornbeam, chestnut, beech, and chestnut pollen has not yet been analyzed. Here, we characterized the cellular cross-reactivity of major allergens in Fagales pollen with Bet v 1.
Proteogenomic insights into the biology and treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yexin Tong, Mingjun Sun, Lingli Chen, Yunzhi Wang, Yan Li, Lingling Li, Xuan Zhang, Yumeng Cai, Jingbo Qie, Yanrui Pang, Ziyan Xu, Jiangyan Zhao, Xiaolei Zhang, Yang Liu, Sha Tian, Zhaoyu Qin, Jinwen Feng, Fan Zhang, Jiajun Zhu, Yifan Xu, Wenhui Lou, Yuan Ji, Jianyuan Zhao, Fuchu He, Yingyong Hou, Chen Ding
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2022)

Abstract Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with poor prognosis. Proteogenomic characterization and integrative proteomic analysis provide a functional context to annotate genomic abnormalities with prognostic value. Methods We performed an integrated multi-omics analysis, including whole-exome sequencing, RNA-seq, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic analysis of 217 PDAC tumors with paired non-tumor adjacent tissues. In vivo functional experiments were performed to further illustrate the biological events related to PDAC tumorigenesis and progression. Results A comprehensive proteogenomic landscape revealed that TP53 mutations upregulated the CDK4-mediated cell proliferation process and led to poor prognosis in younger patients. Integrative multi-omics analysis illustrated the proteomic and phosphoproteomic alteration led by genomic alterations such as KRAS mutations and ADAM9 amplification of PDAC tumorigenesis. Proteogenomic analysis combined with in vivo experiments revealed that the higher amplification frequency of ADAM9 ( 8p11.22 ) could drive PDAC metastasis, though downregulating adhesion junction and upregulating WNT signaling pathway. Proteome-based stratification of PDAC revealed three subtypes (S-I, S-II, and S-III) related to different clinical and molecular features. Immune clustering defined a metabolic tumor subset that harbored FH amplicons led to better prognosis. Functional experiments revealed the role of FH in altering tumor glycolysis and in impacting PDAC tumor microenvironments. Experiments utilizing both in vivo and in vitro assay proved that loss of HOGA1 promoted the tumor growth via activating LARP7-CDK1 pathway. Conclusions This proteogenomic dataset provided a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians seeking for better understanding and treatment of PDAC.
Upregulation of Ca2+-binding proteins contributes to VTA dopamine neuron survival in the early phases of Alzheimer’s disease in Tg2576 mice
Authors: Livia La Barbera, Annalisa Nobili, Emma Cauzzi, Ilaria Paoletti, Mauro Federici, Luana Saba, Cecilia Giacomet, Ramona Marino, Paraskevi Krashia, Marcello Melone, Flavio Keller, Nicola Biagio Mercuri, Maria Teresa Viscomi, Fiorenzo Conti, Marcello D’Amelio
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2022)

Recent clinical and experimental studies have highlighted the involvement of Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons for the early pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). We have previously described a progressive and selective degeneration of these neurons in the Tg2576 mouse model of AD, long before amyloid-beta plaque formation. The degenerative process in DA neurons is associated with an autophagy flux impairment, whose rescue can prevent neuronal loss. Impairments in autophagy can be the basis for accumulation of damaged mitochondria, leading to disturbance in calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, and to functional and structural deterioration of DA neurons.In Tg2576 mice, we performed amperometric recordings of DA levels and analysis of dopaminergic fibers in the Nucleus Accumbens - a major component of the ventral striatum precociously affected in AD patients - together with retrograde tracing, to identify the most vulnerable DA neuron subpopulations in the VTA. Then, we focused on these neurons to analyze mitochondrial integrity and Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) localization by electron and confocal microscopy, respectively. Stereological cell count was also used to evaluate degeneration of DA neuron subpopulations containing the Ca2+-binding proteins Calbindin-D28K and Calretinin. The expression levels for these proteins were analyzed by western blot and confocal microscopy. Lastly, using electrophysiology and microfluorometry we analyzed VTA DA neuron intrinsic properties and cytosolic free Ca2+ levels.We found a progressive degeneration of mesolimbic DA neurons projecting to the ventral striatum, located in the paranigral nucleus and parabrachial pigmented subnucleus of the VTA. At the onset of degeneration (3 months of age), the vulnerable DA neurons in the Tg2576 accumulate damaged mitochondria, while AIF translocates from the mitochondria to the nucleus. Although we describe an age-dependent loss of the DA neurons expressing Calbindin-D28K or Calretinin, we observed that the remaining cells upregulate the levels of Ca2+-binding proteins, and the free cytosolic levels of Ca2+ in these neurons are significantly decreased. Coherently, TUNEL-stained Tg2576 DA neurons express lower levels of Calbindin-D28K when compared with non-apoptotic cells.Overall, our results suggest that the overexpression of Ca2+-binding proteins in VTA DA neurons might be an attempt of cells to survive by increasing their ability to buffer free Ca2+. Exploring strategies to overexpress Ca2+-binding proteins could be fundamental to reduce neuronal suffering and improve cognitive and non-cognitive functions in AD.
When I use a word . . . . Too little healthcare—coroners’ concerns
Authors: Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2022)

In England and Wales, coroners are legally required to send reports to interested parties when they believe that actions should be taken to prevent deaths other than those on which their conclusions are based. These reports are known as Coroners’ Reports to Prevent Future Deaths (PFDs), and they are mandated under paragraph 7 of schedule 5 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013, previously having been described as Rule 43 reports. Individuals or organisations that receive a PFD are statutorily required to respond to the coroner within 56 days of receiving the report, outlining actions proposed or already taken to tackle the concerns that the coroner has expressed. Since 2013, 19% of 3785 PFDs have reported deaths associated with medicines, with opioids (22%), antidepressants (9.7%), and hypnotics (9.2%) being most commonly involved.1 Concerns that coroners expressed about these deaths often related to patient safety (29%) and communication (26%), including failures of monitoring (10%) and poor communication between organisations (7.5%). Yet coroners received responses to only 49% of these medicines-related PFDs, suggesting that too little attention is being paid to their reports. Opportunities to avoid future deaths may therefore be being missed. This implies too little healthcare.
Diet standardization reduces intra-individual microbiome variation
Authors: Clara Delaroque, Gary D. Wu, Charlene Compher, Josephine Ni, Lindsey Albenberg, Qing Liu, Yuan Tian, Andrew D. Patterson, James D. Lewis, Andrew T. Gewirtz, Benoit Chassaing
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

The human gut microbiota is highly heterogenous between individuals and also exhibits considerable day-to-day variation within individuals. We hypothesized that diet contributed to such inter- and/or intra-individual variance. Hence, we investigated the extent to which diet normalization impacted microbiota heterogeneity. We leveraged the control arm of our recently reported controlled-feeding study in which nine healthy individuals consumed a standardized additive-free diet for 10 days. Diet normalization did not impact inter-individual differences but reduced the extent of intra-individual day-to-day variation in fecal microbiota composition. Such decreased heterogeneity reflected individual-specific enrichment and depletion of an array of taxa microbiota members and was paralleled by a trend toward reduced intra-individual variance in fecal LPS and flagellin, which, collectively, reflect microbiota's pro-inflammatory potential. Yet, the microbiota of some subjects did not change significantly over the course of the study, suggesting heterogeneity in microbiota resilience to dietary stress or that baseline diets of some subjects were perhaps similar to our study's standardized diet. Collectively, our results indicate that short-term diet heterogeneity contributes to day-to-day intra-individual microbiota composition variance.
Successful reintervention using dual-channel endoscope for perforation by partially migrated stent after endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy
Authors: Tadashi Katayama, Kenji Nakamura, Kyoko Arahata, Sakiko Takarabe, Keisuke Ojiro, Hiroshi Kishikawa, Jiro Nishida
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) is the standard endoscopic procedure for biliary obstructions [1] [2]. Although various complications such as migration, perforation, and abdominal peritonitis have been reported after EUS-HGS [3] [4] [5], the reintervention method for them has not been established. Herein, we present a case of successful reintervention for a migrated stent after EUS-HGS using a dual-channel endoscope and grasping forceps.
Usefulness of red dichromatic imagining for peroral cholangioscopy
Authors: Kazuyuki Matsumoto, Yuki Fujii, Daisuke Uchida, Shigeru Horiguchi, Koichiro Tsutsumi, Hironari Kato
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Peroral cholangioscopy (POCS) was developed as a diagnostic modality to directly observe bile duct lesions that are difficult to visualize by cholangiography. However, one of its main issues is that the images are strongly affected by bile juice. Red dichromatic imaging (RDI) is a new image-enhancing technology using light tones of red, amber, and green. RDI is part of a new-generation endoscopy system (EVIS X1; Olympus Medical, Tokyo, Japan) and consists of three modes [1] [2] [3] [4]. Among the three available modes, RDI-3 is most suitable for observing the bile duct using POCS, as yellows can be excluded with minimal alteration of reds and greens [2]. We herein report a case in which RDI-3 was useful for both the observation and biopsy of biliary cancer under POCS.
Endoscopic cystic duct remnant stone removal using peroral cholangioscopy
Authors: Junichi Kaneko, Masaki Takinami, Atsushi Tsuji, Masafumi Nishino, Yurimi Takahashi, Takanori Yamada
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

A cystic duct remnant stone is a symptom of post-cholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) reported to occur in up to 40 % of patients within 2 days to 25 years after cholecystectomy [1]. Traditionally, surgery has been performed for PCS because endoscopic treatment is challenging [2]. Peroral cholangioscopy (POCS) and electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) are now available for biliary stones, including cystic duct stones, which are difficult to treat with conventional procedures [3] [4] [5]. Here, we report a case of endoscopic removal of a cystic duct remnant stone using POCS, EHL, and steps targeted at its efficient removal.
A hairy endoscopy
Authors: Katherine E. Maldonado Cardona, José G. Ruiz Rodríguez, José R. Aguirre Ayala, Abel A. Sánchez Orozco, Jefferson A. Jimenez Espinosa, Sahira F. Pereira Molina, Marco A. Villamar Barrera
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

A bezoar is the result of indigestible material that accumulates in the digestive tract, and represents 1 % of abdominal pathologies. Trichobezoar is a variant that is characterized by the ingestion of hair, nails, or eyebrows. It is frequently found in young women with associated psychiatric disorders [1]. It is suggested that the hair is trapped in the gastric folds and retained due to insufficient surface friction, which is necessary for propulsion [2].
Direct endoscopic necrosectomy with the newly developed 6-mm powered rotating resection catheter: When size matters
Authors: Gianenrico Rizzatti, Mario Gagliardi, Giulia Tripodi, Michele Impagnatiello, Antonio Gasbarrini, Guido Costamagna, Alberto Larghi
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

A 41-year-old man with acute pancreatitis of unknown etiology developed a 17 × 8-cm walled-off necrosis (WON) that was drained percutaneously. The purulent fluid grew Klebsiella and Candida albicans. After transfer to our hospital, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage was performed, and a 20 × 10-mm Axios stent was placed. The solid component of the WON was about 90 % and direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN) was scheduled. DEN was started with a 3.2-mm EndoRotor catheter that broke after a few minutes of use. The following day, the new 6-mm EndoRotor catheter was utilized in association with an Olympus GIF-XTQ160 scope. The catheter was placed through the Axios stent ([Fig. 1]), and in a 70-minute procedure, it was able to aspirate all necrotic content, amounting to 800 mL of collected material ([Video 1]).
Endoscopic submucosal dissection of colonic residual laterally spreading tumor with adaptive traction: use of the additional loops to improve traction focally in difficult area
Authors: Clara Yzet, Louis-Jean Masgnaux, Jérôme Rivory, Timothée Wallenhorst, Alexandru Lupu, Jérémie Jacques, Mathieu Pioche
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Multipolar traction is a recent advance in colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) to expose the submucosal field [1] particularly for challenging lesions like residual lesions [2]. Nevertheless, two limitations exist with four-point traction. First, traction tends to reduce as ESD progresses, although new devices that can be stretched during the procedure to increase traction seem promising [3] [4]. Second, systematically placing four traction points is expensive (four clips), time-consuming, and not needed for lesions < 4 cm. For small lesions, two-point adaptive traction seems sufficient, but additional focal traction on the difficult area could help the physician.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage followed by transcystic rendezvous ERCP for the management of distal malignant biliary obstruction
Authors: Carlos Chavarría, Lorena Sancho-del Val, Ana Gonzalez-Blanco, Carlos Castaño-Milla
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

EUS-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) is currently a rescue procedure for malignant distal biliary obstruction after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or other EUS-guided techniques in patients with a patent cystic duct [1]. However, the efficacy varies from 78 % to 90 % [2] [3]. Therefore, for a group of patients this approach might be insufficient.
Novel approach for efficient removal of massive blood clots during emergency endoscopic hemostasis
Authors: Xue Xiao, Hailin Yan, Jiahuan Liu, Yuzhi Liu, Zhu Wang, Jinlin Yang, Kai Deng
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

In patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding, it is critical to clear away blood clots for subsequent hemostasis during endoscopy, and unsuccessful elimination might be one reason for unsuccessful hemostasis in urgent endoscopy [1]. We reported the utility of an external cannula to improve endoscopy preparation for a patient with gastroesophageal anastomotic stenosis [2]. Here we show how to apply this modified external cannula to facilitate hemostasis.
A double-guidewire technique for endoscopic ultrasonography-guided pancreatic drainage after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Shinichi Hashimoto, Takuma Yamauchi, Takafumi Hamada, Issei Kojima, Makoto Hinokuchi, Shiroh Tanoue, Akio Ido
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided pancreatic drainage (EUS-PD) is challenging owing to technical difficulties. The most important factor for these difficulties is the risk of guidewire dislodgement due to the short length of the guidewire, which can be left in the pancreatic duct (PD). The double-guidewire technique for EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy has been shown to be effective to stabilize an endoscope and prevent guidewire dislodgement [1] [2]. Herein, we report that this technique is useful for EUS-PD.
Use of a transpapillary stent as a guidepost for endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic duct drainage in the treatment of disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome
Authors: Yasuki Hori, Akihisa Kato, Itaru Naitoh, Kazuki Hayashi, Michihiro Yoshida, Kenta Kachi, Hiromi Kataoka
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome (DPDS) is an important complication in patients with acute necrotising pancreatitis that leads to recurrent pancreatic fluid collection. Endoscopic treatments including transpapillary and/or ultrasound-guided drainage are typically used and are minimally invasive [1] [2] [3]. Although bridging the pancreatic duct (PD) over a disruption with a stent is ideal, it is a technically challenging procedure [4] [5]. Herein, we report a pincer method to bridge the PD via endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic duct drainage (EUS-PD) using a transpapillary stent as a guidepost.
Endoscopic intermuscular dissection for a lower rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Chikamasa Ichita, Akiko Sasaki, Jun Kawachi, Haruto Hirose, Hideki Kamiishi, Jun Kubota, Miki Nagayama
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

The standard treatment for rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) without metastases is total surgical resection, but this strategy is controversial owing to the extremely low prevalence of GISTs. Minimally invasive transanal surgery can be performed as a surgical reduction technique via transanal local excision; however, this technique is not as selective as endoscopic resection and anastomotic leakage is a reported complication as a result of full-layer resection [1]. Although a number of endoscopic resections have been reported [2] [3], no established procedure is available.
Rare case of intramural esophageal hematoma associated with betel nut consumption
Authors: Xiaotong Wang, Yu Wu, Xiaohua He, Xiaowei Liu
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

A 47-year-old man who experienced sudden retrosternal pain and dysphagia for 2 days was admitted to the emergency room. While his physical examination and laboratory results were unremarkable, results of esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a longitudinal, purplish-red, and cystic submucosal emanation throughout the esophagus, fluctuating with respiration ([Fig. 1 a], [Video 1]). Mucosal erosion was noted but without obvious rupture. We therefore suspected an esophageal intramural hematoma.
Endoscopic embolization of a refractory bronchobiliary fistula by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography using coils and Histoacryl
Authors: Paul Didden, Rutger C. G. Bruijnen, Evert-Jan P. A. Vonken, Frank P. Vleggaar
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Bronchobiliary fistulae are often related to hepatic tumors and also occur after ablative therapy [1] [2]. Endoscopic sphincterotomy or stenting is considered first-line treatment. In case of refractory fistulas, sealing with glue or coils has been suggested, however data are scarce [3] [4].