tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of a splenic abscess using lumen-apposing metal stent
Authors: Elia Armellini, Flavio Metelli, Maria Grazia Sauta, Michele Marini, Fabio Pace, Gianluigi Patelli, Giuseppe Nastasi
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

The management of a splenic abscess includes antimicrobial therapy, percutaneous drainage, and surgery [2]. Since its first description in 2006 [3], a few cases of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided splenic abscess drainage have been reported in the literature [4]. In one case, Nieto et al. used a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) [5].
Successful endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy with use of a novel drill dilator for challenging tract dilation
Authors: Takeshi Ogura, Yuki Uba, Masahiro Yamamura, Jyunichi Kawai, Hiroki Nishikawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

When endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) fails, patients with benign biliary disease, such as common bile duct (CBD) stones or hepaticojejunostomy stricture, are currently treated using the transhepatic approach after fistula creation by endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) [1]. During EUS-HGS, tract dilation is required prior to stent deployment. Various devices have been reported for this purpose [2] [3] [4]; however, tract dilation can be challenging if the intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD) is not dilated and the bile duct wall is hard because of frequent episodes of cholangitis. A novel drill dilator (Tornus ES; Asahi Intecc Co., Ltd., Seto, Japan) that can overcome these difficulties has become available in Japan ([Fig. 1]) [5]. This device guarantees tract dilation owing to its design based on screw mechanics. We describe a case of successful EUS-HGS in which the novel dilator was used for a challenging tract dilation.
Treatment Characteristics and Real-World Progression-Free Survival in Patients With Unresectable Stage III NSCLC Who Received Durvalumab After Chemoradiotherapy: Findings From the PACIFIC-R Study
Authors: Nicolas Girard, Jair Bar, Pilar Garrido, Marina C. Garassino, Fiona McDonald, Françoise Mornex, Andrea R. Filippi, Hans J.M. Smit, Solange Peters, John K. Field, Daniel C. Christoph, Anne Sibille, Rainer Fietkau, Vilde D. Haakensen, Christos Chouaid, Ben Markman, T. Jeroen N. Hiltermann, Alvaro Taus, William Sawyer, Allison Allen, Pratibha Chander, Muriel Licour, Benjamin Solomon
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2022)

The phase 3 PACIFIC trial established consolidation therapy with durvalumab as standard of care for patients with unresectable, stage III NSCLC and no disease progression after definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The observational PACIFIC-R study assesses the real-world effectiveness of durvalumab in patients from an early access program. Here, we report treatment characteristics and a preplanned analysis of real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS).PACIFIC-R (NCT03798535) is an ongoing, international, retrospective study of patients who started durvalumab (intravenously; 10 mg/kg every 2 wk) within an early access program between September 2017 and December 2018. The primary end points are investigator-assessed rwPFS and overall survival (analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method).As of November 30, 2020, the full analysis set comprised 1399 patients from 11 countries (median follow-up duration, 23.5 mo). Patients received durvalumab for a median of 11.0 months. Median rwPFS was 21.7 months (95% confidence interval: 19.1-24.5). RwPFS was numerically longer among patients who received concurrent versus sequential CRT (median, 23.7 versus 19.3 mo) and among patients with programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression greater than or equal to 1% versus less than 1% (22.4 versus 15.6 mo). Overall, 16.5% of the patients had adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation; 9.5% of all patients discontinued because of pneumonitis or interstitial lung disease.Consolidation durvalumab after definitive CRT was well tolerated and effective in this large, real-world cohort study of patients with unresectable, stage III NSCLC. As expected, rwPFS was longer among patients who received concurrent versus sequential CRT and patients with higher programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression. Nevertheless, favorable rwPFS outcomes were observed regardless of these factors.
Eradication of angiomas by nylon loop snare ligation under total enteroscopy, in disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome
Authors: Hidetoshi Nakagawa, Hajime Takatori, Tomoyuki Hayashi, Shinya Yamada, Kuniaki Arai, Taro Yamashita, Eishiro Mizukoshi
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare congenital disease characterized by multiple systemic venous malformations on the skin and internal organs, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract [1]. The GI lesions sometimes cause severe bleeding episodes, which require urgent care. In addition, BRBNS is complicated by focal and systemic disseminated intravascular coagulation, leading to hemorrhagic diathesis, which makes physicians decide against surgical procedures or endoscopic sclerotherapy [2].
Measuring polyp size using a virtual scale endoscope: a video tutorial with clinical case demonstration
Authors: Melissa Zarandi-Nowroozi, Daniel von Renteln
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Accurate real-time endoscopic assessment of colorectal polyp size plays a key role for selecting adequate post-polypectomy surveillance intervals or when choosing appropriate polypectomy techniques [1]. While visual estimation is the most commonly used method of measurement, there is marked interobserver variability. Biopsy forceps and ruler snares can be used as references for polyp size estimation, but are limited by being external devices that lengthen the duration of the endoscopy and increase the procedural cost [2] [3].
New image-enhanced cholangioscopy for the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Tomohiro Ishii, Takashi Kaneko, Ayumi Murakami, Michio Ueda, Kazuya Sugimori, Ichiro Kawana, Shin Maeda
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI) and red dichromatic imaging (RDI) modes are new image-enhancement systems available on the EVIS X1 (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). TXI emphasizes slight differences in color tone and structural changes on the mucosal surface under normal-light observation and is expected to improve the observation performance of lesions [1]. On the other hand, RDI emphasizes the contrast of deep tissue and is expected to improve the visibility of deep blood vessels [2]. Especially in RDI mode 3, the color of bile disappears, making visualization easier. TXI and RDI modes are gaining popularity in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancer. However, TXI and RDI mode cholangioscopy (CHF-B290, Olympus) has not been reported for cholangiocarcinoma [3]. We describe the findings and characteristics of TXI mode 1 and RDI mode 3 cholangioscopy for cholangiocarcinoma.
Transabdominal esophago-cutaneous fistula closure with endoscopic negative pressure therapy using a thin open-pore film drain in a pull-through technique
Authors: Gunnar Loske, Johannes Müller, Lilith Boon Kyung Braun, Dalia Majert, Burkhard Riefel, Martin Zeile, Christian Theodor Müller
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

A 77-year-old patient underwent gastrectomy for AEG III (G3, pT3, pN0). The postoperative course was complicated by insufficiency of the esophageal-jejunal anastomosis. Endoscopic treatments with endoscopic negative pressure therapy (ENPT), clips, and stenting did not result in a final defect closure. A long transabdominal esophago-cutaneous fistula persisted. The patient was transferred to us 4 weeks after surgery, with the surgical drain and a stent still in place.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection combined with underwater endoscopic mucosal resection for rapid treatment of multiple early esophageal cancers
Authors: Chao Deng, Suhua Wu, Li Zhong, Feng Xu, Zhiji Chen, Zhechuan Mei, Song He
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

A 70-year-old man was preoperatively diagnosed with early esophageal cancer, 30 cm from the incisors, and was planned to undergo endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Routine ESD was successfully completed ([Fig. 1]). On intraoperative narrow-band imaging (NBI), careful examination found brownish color changes at 20 cm, 21 cm, and 25 cm from the incisors, which were considered to be neoplastic lesions less than 1 cm in size. To prevent metachronous multiple esophageal cancers after ESD, we planned to remove these together. Three small lesions were each marked with four points by the dual knife with soft coagulation (effect 5, 80 W) (Erbe Elektromedizin, Tübingen, German) ([Fig. 2 a–c]). After submucosal injection of normal saline, a 1.5-cm snare was used for underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) to rapidly remove the three lesions with an Endo Cut Q (effect 3, cut duration 2, cut interval 4) ([Video 1]). The wounds were clean, without bleeding or perforation ([Fig. 2 d–f]). After stretching and fixing the fresh specimens on the foam plate, in each lesion all four marking points could be seen intact ([Fig. 2 g–i]). Postoperative pathological evaluation confirmed that the four lesions at 20 cm, 21 cm, 25 cm, and 30 cm from the incisors were, respectively, low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), pathological lamina propria invasion carcinoma (pT1a-LPM), HGIN, and pT1a-LPM with negative vertical and horizontal margins. The patient was re-examined by gastroscopy 3 months after operation and no residual lesions were found ([Fig. 3]).
Prognostic Impact of Early Treatment and Oxaliplatin Discontinuation in Patients With Stage III Colon Cancer: An ACCENT/IDEA Pooled Analysis of 11 Adjuvant Trials
Authors: Claire Gallois, Qian Shi, Jeffrey P. Meyers, Timothy Iveson, Steven R. Alberts, Aimery de Gramont, Alberto F. Sobrero, Daniel G. Haller, Eiji Oki, Anthony Frank Shields, Richard M. Goldberg, Rachel Kerr, Sara Lonardi, Greg Yothers, Caroline Kelly, Ioannis Boukovinas, Roberto Labianca, Frank A. Sinicrope, Ioannis Souglakos, Takayuki Yoshino, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Thierry André, Demetris Papamichael, Julien Taieb
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

PURPOSE Oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage III colon cancer (CC) for 6 months remains a standard in high-risk stage III patients. Data are lacking as to whether early discontinuation of all treatment (ETD) or early discontinuation of oxaliplatin (EOD) could worsen the prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the prognostic impact of ETD and EOD in patients with stage III CC from the ACCENT/IDEA databases, where patients were planned to receive 6 months of infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin or capecitabine plus oxaliplatin. ETD was defined as discontinuation of treatment and EOD as discontinuation of oxaliplatin only before patients had received a maximum of 75% of planned cycles. Association between ETD/EOD and overall survival and disease-free survival (DFS) were assessed by Cox models adjusted for established prognostic factors. RESULTS Analysis of ETD and EOD included 10,447 (20.9% with ETD) and 7,243 (18.8% with EOD) patients, respectively. Compared with patients without ETD or EOD, patients with ETD or EOD were statistically more likely to be women, with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥ 1, and for ETD, older with a lower body mass index. In multivariable analyses, ETD was associated with a decrease in disease-free survival and overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.61, P &lt; .001 and HR, 1.73, P &lt; .001), which was not the case for EOD (HR, 1.07, P = .3 and HR, 1.13, P = .1). However, patients who received &lt; 50% of the planned cycles of oxaliplatin had poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION In patients treated with 6 months of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for stage III CC, ETD was associated with poorer oncologic outcomes. However, this was not the case for EOD. These data favor discontinuing oxaliplatin while continuing fluoropyrimidine in individuals with significant neurotoxicity having received &gt; 50% of the planned 6-month chemotherapy.
Five-Year Outcomes With Pembrolizumab Versus Chemotherapy as First-Line Therapy in Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Programmed Death Ligand-1 Tumor Proportion Score ≥ 1% in the KEYNOTE-042 Study
Authors: Gilberto de Castro, Iveta Kudaba, Yi-Long Wu, Gilberto Lopes, Dariusz M. Kowalski, Hande Z. Turna, Christian Caglevic, Li Zhang, Boguslawa Karaszewska, Konstantin K. Laktionov, Vichien Srimuninnimit, Igor Bondarenko, Kaoru Kubota, Rinee Mukherjee, Jianxin Lin, Fabricio Souza, Tony S.K. Mok, Byoung Chul Cho
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co‐primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported. We report 5-year results from the phase III KEYNOTE-042 study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02220894 ). Eligible patients with locally advanced/metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without EGFR/ALK alterations and with programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥ 1% received pembrolizumab 200 mg once every 3 weeks for 35 cycles or chemotherapy (carboplatin + paclitaxel or pemetrexed) for 4-6 cycles with optional maintenance pemetrexed. Primary end points were overall survival (OS) in PD-L1 TPS ≥ 50%, ≥ 20%, and ≥ 1% groups. Patients who completed 35 cycles of pembrolizumab with ≥ stable disease could begin second-course pembrolizumab upon progression. One thousand two hundred seventy‐four patients were randomly assigned (pembrolizumab, n = 637; chemotherapy, n = 637). Median follow-up time was 61.1 (range, 50.0-76.3) months. OS outcomes favored pembrolizumab ( v chemotherapy) regardless of PD-L1 TPS (hazard ratio [95% CI] for TPS ≥ 50%, 0.68 [0.57 to 0.81]; TPS ≥ 20%, 0.75 [0.64 to 0.87]; TPS ≥ 1%, 0.79 [0.70 to 0.89]), with estimated 5-year OS rates with pembrolizumab of 21.9%, 19.4%, and 16.6%, respectively. No new toxicities were identified. Objective response rate was 84.3% among 102 patients who completed 35 cycles of pembrolizumab and 15.2% among 33 patients who received second-course pembrolizumab. First-line pembrolizumab monotherapy continued to show durable clinical benefit versus chemotherapy after 5 years of follow-up in PD-L1–positive, locally advanced/metastatic NSCLC without EGFR/ALK alterations and remains a standard of care.
Association of variants in the KIF1A gene with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Panlin Liao, Yanchun Yuan, Zhen Liu, Xiaorong Hou, Wanzhen Li, Jin Wen, Kexuan Zhang, Bin Jiao, Lu Shen, Hong Jiang, Jifeng Guo, Beisha Tang, Zhuohua Zhang, Zhonghua Hu, Junling Wang
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2022)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects neurons in the central nervous system and the spinal cord. As in many other neurodegenerative disorders, the genetic risk factors and pathogenesis of ALS involve dysregulation of cytoskeleton and neuronal transport. Notably, sensory and motor neuron diseases such as hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 2 (HSAN2) and spastic paraplegia 30 (SPG30) share several causative genes with ALS, as well as having common clinical phenotypes. KIF1A encodes a kinesin 3 motor that transports presynaptic vesicle precursors (SVPs) and dense core vesicles and has been reported as a causative gene for HSAN2 and SPG30.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided antegrade stenting using a novel flower-type fully covered self-expandable metal stent
Authors: Yoshitaro Yamamoto, Takeshi Ogura, Jyunichi Kawai, Masahiro Yamamura, Kazuya Ueshima, Hiroki Nishikawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage is usually indicated for patients for whom endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) fails [1]. With recent improvements in chemotherapeutic regimens, longer stent patency is also required. To obtain longer stent patency, EUS-guided antegrade stenting (EUS-AGS) combined with EUS-guided hepaticojejunostomy has recently been attempted [2]. Compared with an uncovered self-expandable metal stent (UCSEMS), stent patency might be longer with a fully covered self-expandable metal stent (FCSEMS) [3] [4]. On the other hand, a FCSEMS shows higher axial force compared to a UCSEMS and carries a higher risk of cystic duct obstruction despite longer stent patency [5].
Swelling‐Dependent Shape‐Based Transformation of a Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells‐Laden 4D Bioprinted Construct for Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Authors: Pedro J. Díaz‐Payno, Maria Kalogeropoulou, Iain Muntz, Esther Kingma, Nicole Kops, Matteo D'Este, Gijsje H. Koenderink, Lidy E. Fratila‐Apachitei, Gerjo J. V. M. van Osch, Amir A. Zadpoor
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

3D bioprinting is usually implemented on flat surfaces, posing serious limitations in the fabrication of multilayered curved constructs. 4D bioprinting, combining 3D bioprinting with time-dependent stimuli-induced transformation, enables the fabrication of shape-changing constructs. Here, a 4D biofabrication method is reported for cartilage engineering based on the differential swelling of a smart multi-material system made from two hydrogel-based materials: hyaluronan and alginate. Two ink formulations are used: tyramine-functionalized hyaluronan (HAT, high-swelling) and alginate with HAT (AHAT, low-swelling). Both inks have similar elastic, shear-thinning, and printability behavior. The inks are 3D printed into a bilayered scaffold before triggering the shape-change by using liquid immersion as stimulus. In time (4D), the differential swelling between the two zones leads to the scaffold's self-bending. Different designs are made to tune the radius of curvature and shape. A bioprinted formulation of AHAT and human bone marrow cells demonstrates high cell viability. After 28 days in chondrogenic medium, the curvature is clearly present while cartilage-like matrix production is visible on histology. A proof-of-concept of the recently emerged technology of 4D bioprinting with a specific application for the design of curved structures potentially mimicking the curvature and multilayer cellular nature of native cartilage is demonstrated.
Socioeconomic Status as a Mediator of Racial Disparity in Annual Lung Cancer Screening Adherence
Authors: Roger Y. Kim, Katharine A. Rendle, Nandita Mitra, Chelsea A. Saia, Christine Neslund-Dudas, Robert T. Greenlee, Andrea N. Burnett-Hartman, Stacey A. Honda, Michael J. Simoff, Marilyn M. Schapira, Jennifer M. Croswell, Rafael Meza, Debra P. Ritzwoller, Anil Vachani
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

"Socioeconomic Status as a Mediator of Racial Disparity in Annual Lung Cancer Screening Adherence." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 207(6), pp. 777–780
Underwater endosonography (uEUS) for enhancement of small mucosal and submucosal gastrointestinal lesions
Authors: Fateh Bazerbachi, Najib Nassani, Georgios Mavrogenis, Klaus Mönkemüller
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Water immersion of gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal lesions is a reliable method to ensure the safety and completeness of resection without the need for a submucosal fluid cushion [1]. Further, this method may improve endoscopic optics by providing a magnification effect of the mucosa [2]. We hypothesize that gas decompression and water exchange have several advantages to endoscopic ultrasound (EUS): it liberates ultrasound wave propagation, decreases artifacts, and provides enhanced EUS views. It also minimizes GI lumen accordioning, with an approximation of folds that may be conducive to more versatile exam and EUS-guided interventions [3]. These characteristics are advantageous especially when attempting to visualize and sample small mucosal and submucosal lesions. In this exposition, we present several diagnostic EUS cases of small (< 15 mm) GI luminal lesions facilitated by underwater EUS (uEUS) for accurate characterization and sampling acquisition.
An Engineered Paper‐Based 3D Coculture Model of Pancreatic Cancer to Study the Impact of Tissue Architecture and Microenvironmental Gradients on Cell Phenotype
Authors: Jose L. Cadavid, Simon Latour, Ferris Nowlan, Ileana L. Co, Natalie Landon‐Brace, Bradly G. Wouters, Barbara T. Grünwald, Mark Nitz, Hartland Warren Jackson, Alison P. McGuigan
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

The spatial configuration of cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) affects both cancer and fibroblast cell phenotypes contributing to the clinical challenge of tumor heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance. This is a particular challenge in stroma-rich pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, a versatile system is described to study the impact of tissue architecture on cell phenotype using PDAC as a model system. This fully human system encompassing both primary pancreatic stellate cells and primary organoid cells using the TRACER platform to allow the creation of user-defined TME architectures that have been inferred from clinical PDAC samples and are analyzed by CyTOF to characterize cells extracted from the system. High dimensional characterization using CyTOF demonstrates that tissue architecture leads to distinct hypoxia and proliferation gradients. Furthermore, phenotypic markers for both cell types are also graded in ways that cannot be explained by either hypoxia or coculture alone. This demonstrates the importance of using complex models encompassing cancer cells, stromal cells, and allowing control over architecture to explore the impact of tissue architecture on cell phenotype. It is anticipated that this model will help decipher how tissue architecture and cell interactions regulate cell phenotype and hence cellular and tissue heterogeneity.
Proposed risk‐scoring model for estimating the prognostic impact of 1q gain in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Peiyu Yang, Haimin Chen, Xinyue Liang, Weiling Xu, Shanshan Yu, Wenyang Huang, Xingcheng Yi, Qiang Guo, Mengru Tian, Tingting Yue, Mengyao Li, Yingjie Zhang, Mengxue Zhang, Yurong Yan, Zhongli Hu, Shaji K. Kumar, Fan Zhou, Yun Dai, Fengyan Jin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2022)

Abstract 1q gain (+1q) is the most common high‐risk cytogenetic abnormality (HRCA) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). However, its prognostic value remains unclear in the era of novel agents. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the impact of +1q on the outcomes of 934 patients newly diagnosed with MM. +1q was identified in 53.1% of patients and verified as an independent variate for inferior overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio, 1.400; 95% confidence interval, 1.097–1.787; p = .007). Concurrence of other HRCAs (particularly t(14;16) and del(17p)) further exacerbated the outcomes of patients with +1q, suggesting prognostic heterogeneity. Thus, a risk‐scoring algorithm based on four risk variates (t(14;16), hypercalcemia, ISS III, and high LDH) was developed to estimate the outcomes of patients with +1q. Of the patients, 376 evaluable patients with +1q were re‐stratified into low (31.6%), intermediate (61.7%), and high risk (6.7%) groups, with significantly different progression‐free survival and OS ( p &lt; .0001), in association with early relapse of the disease. The prognostic value of this model was validated in the CoMMpass cohort. While attaining undetectable MRD largely circumvented the adverse impact of +1q, it scarcely ameliorated the outcome of the patients with high risk, who likely represent a subset of patients with extremely poor survival. Hence, patients with +1q are a heterogeneous group of high‐risk patients, therefore underlining the necessity for their re‐stratification. The proposed simple risk‐scoring model can estimate the outcomes of patients with +1q, which may help guide risk‐adapted treatment for such patients.