tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Simple Index for Detection of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rafael Perea-Carrasco, Rocio Pérez-Coronel, Rogelio Albusac-Aguilar, Manuel Lombardo-Grifol, Elena Bassas-Baena De León, Carlos Romero-Diaz
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

The conventional screening test for gestational diabetes mellitus is measurement of plasma glucose 1 hour after 50 g glucose by mouth. The sensitivity and specificity of this test are lower than desirable; we therefore developed an index including other plasma constituents. In a preliminary study, 138 pregnant women had the standard oral glucose load screening test, and plasma fructosamine and total proteins were measured, in addition to glucose, in the 1-hour samples. An index value (I) was calculated as [fructosamine (μmol/L)÷total proteins (g/L)]×[glucose (mmol/L)÷100]. Cut-off values for I were then assessed in a second prospective study, of 642 pregnant women. Definitive diagnosis of gestational diabetes was by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The index was also assessed in terms of fetal macrosomia (birthweight ≥ 4000 g). With a cut-off value of I=27.2, sensitivity was 98%, specificity 89%, diagnostic efficiency 90%, positive likelihood ratio 8.76. Application of the index would have avoided 42% of the OGTTs demanded by the standard screening test, reducing false positives from about 24% to 10%. Predictive efficacy for macrosomia was 10.3% versus 7.9%. Our index offers an efficient screening test for gestational diabetes, and with more stringent cut-off points may be applicable as a single-step diagnostic procedure.
Osmotic Diuresis due to Retained Urea after Release of Obstructive Uropathy
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sources of medical information
Authors: W. K. Beatty
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Colonial physicians acquired much of their medical information from sources other than journals and books (Fig 1). Letters, lecture notes, and other manuscript compilations, conversations with practitioners of medicine, and newspapers all provided information to the often-isolated physician. The problem of making medical information available was, in fact, such a common one that the Connecticut Medical Society at its second annual meeting (held in New Haven in October 1793—the year that Dr Glysson was admitted to the Society) set as one of its honorary prize questions, "What is the most eligible mode of increasing and propagating medical knowledge in the State of Connecticut?" This was one of three questions proposed that year for discussion by physicians in Connecticut "or elsewhere." The other two questions were answered with ease, but information proved to be a problem for the Society for three years. At the 1794 meeting, the Society voted to hold
GONORRHEA AND VERTEBRAL RHEUMATISM.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Erratum
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

“Increased Circulating Nitrogen Oxides After Human Tumor Immunotherapy: Correlation With Toxic Hemodynamic Changes,” by J. B. Ochoa, B. Curti, A. B. Peitzman, et al. [J Natl Cancer Inst 84:864–867 (Issue 11)]. The authors regret to inform the readers of an error in the legend to Fig. 2 of this paper. The legend should read, “Decrease in mean blood pressure coincides with maximal increase in NO 3– plasma levels (r = –.473; P<.05). Black squares represent values before treatment.” The P value given here is correct; the value given in the text for “degree of correlation between mean blood pressure and NO 3– plasma levels” (page 865) should be changed from .005 to .05.
Action on alcohol.
Authors: S J1rj7 J Jj1
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Action on alcoholIt is surely no coincidence that increasing public awareness of the dangers of alcohol comes at a time when the average per caput consumption in Britain is higher than it has ever been.But since most people drink in moderation and with pleasure the tendency has been to dismiss the casualties as a limited problem which can be reassuringly left to the medical profession and the appropriate caring agencies.The statistical evidence of the last 25 years, however, suggests that the ill effects of alcohol are reaching levels which can no longer be ignored by society.There are believed to be at least 300 000 alcoholics in Britain, and that figure takes no account of the immense harm done to families in divorce, violence, related illness, and attempted suicide.Alcoholics themselves suffer not only from the effects of their addiction but from a wide variety of physical and mental damage, which considerably imperils their social usefulness and their life expectancy.Admissions to psychiatric hospitals related to alcoholism have risen by a factor of 25, and there is growing awareness that a proportion of patients in general hospitals have a hitherto unrecognised alcohol problem.Offences connected with drunkenness have doubled in the last two decades, so that there are currently more than 100 000 arrests taken through the courts.The annual cost to society of drunken driving is put at lOOm.In fact there has been a rise in all alcohol-related indices which have been measured, and problems which were once the prerogative of middle-aged men are being increasingly encountered in the young and in women.Viewed objectively -and the pros and cons of drinking alcohol tend to provoke extreme reactions-the conclusion is inescapable that alcoholism is everyone's business.How has this phenomenon come about?Since the last war virtually all the major industrial countries have increased their consumption of alcohol.In Britain there has been a rise of 87°,/, per head of population in the years 1950-76.The amount of wine and spirits drunk has virtually doubled, and there is no sign of a levelling off.In addition, as incomes have risen the "real" price of alcohol has fallen and this has encouraged higher individual consumption.In 1977 The Times' remarked that "one of the best bargains is a bottle of Scotch."A further factor that affects drinking is the extent of legal controls, and, although the evidence is not conclusive, relaxation of licensing laws has almost certainly contributed.For every country these upward trends in drinking are directly related to increasing damage from alcohol.That the two are almost certainly causally connected is shown by the drop in alcohol-related
Deputizing Services
Authors: H. M. Halle
Journal: BMJ (1973)

<h3>Background</h3> The capacity of cytomegalovirus (CMV) to elicit long-lasting strong T cell responses, and the ability to engineer the genome of this DNA virus positions CMV-based vaccine vectors highly suitable as a cancer vaccine platform. Defined immune thresholds for tumor protection and the factors affecting such thresholds have not well been investigated in cancer immunotherapy. We here determined using CMV as a vaccine platform whether critical thresholds of vaccine-specific T cell responses can be established that relate to tumor protection, and which factors control such thresholds. <h3>Methods</h3> We generated CMV-based vaccine vectors expressing the E7 epitope and tested these in preclinical models of HPV16-induced cancer. Vaccination was applied via different doses and routes (intraperitoneal (IP), subcutaneous (SC) and intranasal (IN)). The magnitude, kinetics and phenotype of the circulating tumor-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell response were determined. Mice were subsequently challenged with tumor cells, and the tumor protection was monitored. <h3>Results</h3> Immunization with CMV-based vaccines via the IP or SC route eliciting vaccine-induced CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses of &gt; 0.3% of the total circulating CD8 T cell population fully protects mice against lethal tumor challenge. However, low dose inoculations via the IP or SC route or IN vaccination elicited vaccine-induced CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses that did not reach protective thresholds for tumor protection. In addition, whereas weak pre-existing immunity did not alter the protective thresholds of the vaccine-specific T cell response following subsequent immunization with CMV-based vaccine vectors, strong pre-existing immunity inhibited the development of vaccine-induced T cells and their control on tumor progression. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study highlight the effectiveness of CMV-based vaccine vectors, and shows that demarcated thresholds of vaccine-specific T cells could be defined that correlate to tumor protection. Together, these results may hold importance for cancer vaccine development to achieve high efficacy in vaccine recipients.
Reply to Johann S. de Bono, Maha Hussain, and Jinyu Kang’s Letter to the Editor re: Konrad H. Stopsack. Efficacy of PARP Inhibition in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer is Very Different with Non-BRCA DNA Repair Alterations: Reconstructing Prespecified Endpoints for Cohort B from the Phase 3 PROfound Trial of Olaparib. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.09.024
Authors: Konrad H. Stopsack
Journal: European Urology (2020)
Combination of duligotuzumab, anti HER3 antibody or taselisib, PI3K INhibitor with trastuzumab shows synergetic antitumoral activity in HER2 positive gastric cancer cells
Authors: M.M. Laterza, V. Ciaramella, F. Morgillo, V. Belli, A. Petrillo, G. Tirino, L. Pompella, B. Savastano, A. Pappalardo, M. Orditura, F. Ciardiello, F. De Vita
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Venoocclusive disease of the liver after marrow transplantation: Histological correlates of clinical signs and symptoms
Authors: H Shulman
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

We evaluated the relationship between the signs and symptoms of the clinical syndrome called venocclusive disease of the liver after bone marrow transplantation and the histological findings in 76 patients who later came to autopsy. Coded necropsy liver was scored for individual histological features that were correlated with prospectively assessed clinical features that the patients had exhibited during life. Patients were stratified into two groups: those with severe clinical venocclusive disease (n=32) and those without. Clinically severe venocclusive disease was statistically correlated with several zone 3 acinar changes: occluded hepatic venules, the frequency of occluded hepatic venules×degree of occlusion, eccentric luminal narrowing/phlebosclerosis, zone 3 sinusoidal fibrosis and zone 3 hepatocyte necrosis (all p ≤ 0.03). There was a significant relationship between the number of these histological abnormalities in zone 3 of the liver acinus and a clinical diagnosis of severe venocclusive disease (p=0.003). The presence of ascites was significantly correlated with occluded venules, zone 3 sinusoidal fibrosis and zone 3 hepatocyte necrosis (p=0.001). Maximum serum bilirubin in the first 20 days after transplant was significantly correlated with sinusoidal fibrosis, hepatocyte necrosis and eccentric luminal sclerosis/phlebosclerosis (p<0.01) but not with venular occlusion. The clinical syndrome of liver toxicity (commonly called venocclusive disease) that results from cytoreductive therapy before bone marrow transplant is strongly correlated with a constellation of histological lesions involving structures in zone 3 of the liver acinus and the hepatic venules into which sinusoidal blood flows. This study suggests that there is no single diagnostic histological feature. The severity of clinical venocclusive disease appears to be proportional to the number of such histological changes and is not due solely to occlusion of small hepatic venules. (HEPATOLOGY 1994;19:1171–1180.)
Author reply
Authors: Alan A. McNab, Khami Satchi
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)

We thank Drs Pointdujour and Shinder for their interest in our article on recurrent lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma and its clinical and computed tomographic features.1 We think that the general readership understands our use of the term "recurrent," which is very widely used to denote the sort of clinical presentation described in our patients. The term "recurrent" is widely used in medicine to denote regrowth of tumor at the original site when the original tumor has been removed in the past and that removal has clearly been incomplete.
Numeric Errors in Figure 3
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Bernd Stratmann, PhD; Tania-Cristina Costea, MD; Catharina Nolte, MD; Jonas Hiller, MD; Jörn Schmidt, MD; Jörg Reindel, MD; Kai Masur, PhD; Wolfgang Motz, MD; Jürgen Timm, MD; Wolfgang Kerner, MD; Diethelm Tschoepe, MD
THE BILE ACIDS AND JAUNDICE
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Plasma nicotine levels produced by chewing nicotine gum
Authors: M. E. McNabb
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Nicotine chewing gum is designed to maintain plasma nicotine levels during a smoking cessation effort while the individual copes with the loss of the repetitive behavioral components of smoking. The plasma nicotine levels obtained with hourly gum chewing were compared with levels obtained with cigarette smoking in nine patients with lung disease. Chewing 2- and 4-mg nicotine gum hourly produced mean steady-state plasma nicotine levels of 11.8 and 23.2 ng/mL, respectively. This compares with a mean plasma nicotine trough level during usual smoking of 15.7 ng/mL and a mean trough level of 18.3 ng/mL with hourly smoking of a cigarette with a nicotine yield of 1.1 mg. Few side effects were seen with the use of either the 2- or 4-mg gum. In a short-term study, nicotine gum proved an acceptable source of nicotine for aiding smoking cessation. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:865-868)
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PLAGUE.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
JOHN RADCLIFFE (1650-1714)—PHILANTHROPIST OF OXFORD
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Occupational Risks of Bladder Cancer in the United States: I. White Men
Authors: D. T. Silverman, L. I. Levin, R. N. Hoover, P. Hartge
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

We examined the relationship between occupation and bladder cancer risk using data obtained from interviews conducted with 2,100 white males with bladder cancer and 3,874 population controls during the National Bladder Cancer Study, a population-based, case-control study conducted in 10 areas of the United States. The strongest evidence of increased risk among white men was observed for painters, truck drivers, and drill press operatives. For painters, the overall relative risk was 1.5 [95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.2–2.0]. Among painters who started working prior to 1930, a significant trend in risk with increasing duration of employment as a painter was apparent; the relative risk for such painters employed 10 or more years was 3.0. For truck drivers and drill press operatives, overall risks were 1.3 (CI = 1.1–1.4) and 1.4 (CI = 0.9–2.1), respectively. We observed a significant, positive trend in risk with increasing duration of employment in each of these occupations, with relative risks peaking at approximately two for long-term workers. Excess risks were also observed for workers in several other occupations. In all, we estimate that 21%–25% of bladder cancer diagnosed among white men in the United States is attributable to occupational exposures. [J Natl Cancer Inst 81:1472–1480, 1989]
The Val606Met mutation of the cardiac B-myosin heavy chain gene in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is associated with a high risk of sudden death at young age Ole Havndrup, Henning Bundgaard, Paal S. Andersen, Lars A. Larsen, Jens Vuust, Michael Christiansen, Keld Kjeldsen. National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Time Limits
Authors: Blair L. Bigham
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CHOLINESTERASES—NEUROCHEMICAL AGENTS
Authors: J. H. T.
Journal: JAMA (1961)

One of the potent chemical substances in nervous tissue, identified by Sir Henry H. Dale in 1926 as acetylcholine, is kept within bounds by a group of enzymes, the cholinesterases. Acetylcholine, a substance concerned with conduction of the nerve impulse, and its opposing enzymes, the cholinesterases, manifest their vital function most clearly at the synaptic junction. Cholinergic transmission exists in the peripheral as well as in the central nervous system. Acetylcholine most certainly is not the only transmitter of nerve impulses, but it is believed to be the principal chemical substance. The significance of acetylcholine and the cholinesterases in the normal relationships may provide a critical clue to the understanding of organic disease as well as functional morbid states, of which schizophrenia appears to be the most elusive. Gerebtzoff of the Department of Anatomy at the University of Liége, Belgium,<sup>1</sup>has devised and exploited to an astounding degree the