tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Association of Physical Activity with Glaucoma and Related Traits in the UK Biobank
Authors: Kian M. Madjedi, Kelsey V. Stuart, Sharon Y.L. Chua, Pradeep Y. Ramulu, Alasdair Warwick, Robert N. Luben, Zihan Sun, Mark A. Chia, Hugues Aschard, Janey L. Wiggs, Jae H. Kang, Louis R. Pasquale, Paul J. Foster, Anthony P. Khawaja
Journal: Ophthalmology (2023)

Purpose To examine the association of physical activity (PA) with glaucoma and related traits; to assess whether genetic predisposition to glaucoma modified these associations; and to probe causal relationships using Mendelian randomization (MR). Participants UK Biobank participants with data on self-reported or accelerometer-derived PA and intraocular pressure (IOP) (N=94 206 and N=27 777, respectively); macular inner retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures (N = 36 274; N=9 991); and glaucoma status (N= 86 803; N=23 556). Design Cross-sectional observational and gene–environment interaction analyses in the UK Biobank. Two-sample MR experiments using summary statistics from large genetic consortia. Methods We evaluated multivariable-adjusted associations of self-reported (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ) and accelerometer-derived PA with IOP and macular inner retinal OCT parameters using linear regression, and with glaucoma status using logistic regression. For all outcomes, we examined gene-PA interactions using a polygenic risk score (PRS) that combined the effects of 2 673 genetic variants associated with glaucoma. Main outcome measures IOP; macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL) thickness; macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) thickness, and glaucoma status. Results In multivariable-adjusted regression models, we found no association of PA level or time spent in PA with glaucoma status. Higher overall levels and greater time spent in higher levels of both self-reported and accelerometer-derived PA were positively associated with thicker mGCIPL (P trend <0.001 for each). Compared to the lowest quartile of PA, participants in the highest quartiles of accelerometer-derived moderate and vigorous intensity PA had a thicker mGCIPL(μm) by +0.57 (P<0.001) and +0.42 (P=0.005). No association was found with mRNFL thickness. High overall level of self-reported PA was associated with a modestly higher IOP (mmHg): +0.08(P=0.01) but this was not replicated in the accelerometry data. No associations were modified by a glaucoma PRS, and MR analyses did not support a causal relationship between PA and any glaucoma-related outcome. Conclusion Higher overall PA level and greater time spent in moderate and vigorous PA were not associated with glaucoma status but were associated with thicker mGCIPL. Associations with IOP were modest and inconsistent. Despite the well-documented acute reduction in IOP following PA, we found no evidence that high levels of habitual PA are associated with glaucoma status or IOP in the general population.
Race, Ethnicity, Insurance, and Population Density Associations with Pediatric Strabismus and Strabismic Amblyopia in the IRIS® Registry
Authors: Anand E. Rajesh, Oliver Davidson, Megan Lacy, Arthika Chandramohan, Aaron Y. Lee, Cecilia S. Lee, Kristina Tarczy-Hornoch, None Flora Lum, Emily Chew, Julia A. Haller, Alice C. Lorch, Joan W. Miller
Journal: Ophthalmology (2023)
Global trends of seasonal influenza-associated mortality in 2001–2018: A longitudinal epidemiological study
Authors: Hideharu Hagiya, Yuka Osaki, Michio Yamamoto, Takahiro Niimura, Ko Harada, Tsukasa Higashionna, Hirofumi Hamano, Yoshito Zamami, Shiro Hinotsu, Toshihiro Koyama
Journal: Journal of Infection (2023)
Benralizumab for eosinophilic gastritis: a single-site, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial
Authors: Kara L Kliewer, Cristin Murray-Petzold, Margaret H Collins, Juan P Abonia, Scott M Bolton, Lauren A DiTommaso, Lisa J Martin, Xue Zhang, Vincent A Mukkada, Philip E Putnam, Erinn S Kellner, Ashley L Devonshire, Justin T Schwartz, Vidhya A Kunnathur, Chen E Rosenberg, John L Lyles, Tetsuo Shoda, Amy D Klion, Marc E Rothenberg
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2023)
Real-world effectiveness of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir against COVID-19 hospitalizations and severe COVID-19 in community-dwelling elderly Singaporeans during Omicron BA.2, BA.4/5, and XBB transmission
Authors: Liang En Wee, An Ting Tay, Calvin Chiew, Barnaby Edward Young, Betty Wong, Ruth Lim, Ching Li Lee, Joyce Tan, Shawn Vasoo, David Chien Lye, Kelvin Bryan Tan
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2023)
Towards standardization of positron emission testing with computed tomography myocardial perfusion volumes and left ventricular ejection fraction: comparison with cardiac MRI
Authors: Tiffany A Dong, Bryan Q Abadie, Erika Hutt Centeno, Christine L Jellis, Paul C Cremer, Wael A Jaber
Journal:  (2023)

Abstract Gated positron emission testing with computed tomography (PET-CT) yields left ventricular (LV) volume analysis along with perfusion analysis. The correlation between PET-CT volumes and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) volumes remains unknown. Understanding of the accuracy of these volumes and ejection fractions (EF) by PET is clinically relevant, particularly in the sarcoid population where patients receive initial diagnostic CMR and then are followed by PET for inflammation. 89 patients undergoing cardiac sarcoidosis evaluation with both rest PET-CT and CMR within approximately 1 year were identified at Cleveland Clinic from 2011 to 2021. LV volumes and EF were collected. Linear regression and Bland–Altman analyses were performed. Mean PET-CT derived left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 46 ± 16% with mean LV end diastolic volume (LVEDV) of 127 ± 60 mL and mean LV end systolic volume (LVESV) of 75 ± 54 mL. Mean CMR-derived LVEF was 47 ± 15% with mean LVEDV of 189 ± 61 mL and mean LVESV of 106 ± 60 mL. Pearson correlation coefficient with standard measurements was 0.85 for EF, 0.80 for LVEDV, and 0.86 for LVESV. In our cohort, there is an excellent correlation of LVEF between PET-CT and CMR with a mean difference of 1.1% and a good correlation of volumes between these two imaging modalities. This has potential clinical implications when judging LVEF qualifications for medical and device therapies although future larger validation cohorts are warranted.
Measuring indirect transmission-reducing effects in tuberculosis vaccine efficacy trials: why and how?
Authors: Kristin N Nelson, Gavin Churchyard, Frank Cobelens, Willem A Hanekom, Philip C Hill, Benjamin Lopman, Vidya Mave, Molebogeng X Rangaka, Johan Vekemans, Richard G White, Emily B Wong, Leonardo Martinez, Alberto L García-Basteiro
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2023)
Chlamydia psittaci should be included in veterinary legal quarantine everywhere
Authors: Shao-Lun Zhai, Xia Zhou, Chun-Ling Li, Yan Li, Ming-Fei Sun
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2023)

With great interest we read the Comment published in The Lancet Microbe by Shaoqiong Liu and colleagues.1 We strongly agree with their argument. In the past 10 years, human cases of Chlamydia psittaci infection have increased in several countries, especially in China.2–4 Generally speaking, C psittaci infection results from having close contact with an infected animal or exposure to excreta from animals harbouring C psittaci. However, C psittaci infection has been frequently reported in health-care workers from human-to-human transmission.
Health outcomes of the G7 Hiroshima Summit: breaking the cycle of panic and neglect and achieving UHC
Authors: Satoshi Ezoe, Jin Hashimoto, Yuichiro Nishida, Hokuto Namikawa, Makiko Yoneda, Satomi Ichino, Sae Tanaka, Takahiro Ohmori, Maiko Oya, Natsuko Hatano, Eiji Hinoshita, Keiichi Hara, Naoki Ito, Takeshi Akahori
Journal: The Lancet (2023)
Reply to Arnulf Stenzl, Morgan Rouprêt, J. Alfred Witjes, Paolo Gontero. High-quality Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour Needs Additional Forms of Tumour Delineation. Eur Urol 2023;83:193–4
Authors: Rakesh Heer, Wei Shen Tan, Paul Gravestock, Thenmalar Vadiveloo, Rebecca Lewis, Steven Penegar, Luke Vale, Graeme MacLennan, Emma Hall
Journal: European Urology (2023)
Fruquintinib versus placebo in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (FRESCO-2): an international, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 study
Authors: Arvind Dasari, Sara Lonardi, Rocio Garcia-Carbonero, Elena Elez, Takayuki Yoshino, Alberto Sobrero, James Yao, Pilar García-Alfonso, Judit Kocsis, Antonio Cubillo Gracian, Andrea Sartore-Bianchi, Taroh Satoh, Violaine Randrian, Jiri Tomasek, Geoff Chong, Andrew Scott Paulson, Toshiki Masuishi, Jeremy Jones, Tibor Csőszi, Chiara Cremolini, Francois Ghiringhelli, Ardaman Shergill, Howard S Hochster, John Krauss, Ali Bassam, Michel Ducreux, Anneli Elme, Laurence Faugeras, Stefan Kasper, Eric Van Cutsem, Dirk Arnold, Shivani Nanda, Zhao Yang, William R Schelman, Marek Kania, Josep Tabernero, Cathy Eng
Journal: The Lancet (2023)
A nationwide cohort study comparing the effectiveness of diuretics and calcium channel blockers on top of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on chronic kidney disease progression and mortality
Authors: Anne-Laure Faucon, Edouard L. Fu, Bénédicte Stengel, Faizan Mazhar, Marie Evans, Juan-Jesús Carrero
Journal: Kidney International (2023)

It is unknown whether initiating diuretics on top of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) is superior to alternative antihypertensive agents such as calcium channel blockers (CCBs) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). For this purpose, we emulated a target trial in the Swedish Renal Registry 2007-2022 that included nephrologist-referred patients with moderate-advanced CKD and treated with RASi, who initiated diuretics or CCB. Using propensity score-weighted cause-specific Cox regression, we compared risks of major adverse kidney events (MAKE; composite of kidney replacement therapy [KRT], experiencing over a 40% eGFR decline from baseline, or an eGFR under 15 ml/min per 1.73m2), major cardiovascular events (MACE; composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction or stroke), and all-cause mortality. We identified 5875 patients (median age 71 years, 64% men, median eGFR 26 ml/min per 1.73m2), of whom 3165 started a diuretic and 2710 a CCB. After a median follow-up of 6.3 years, 2558 MAKE, 1178 MACE and 2299 deaths occurred. Compared to CCB, diuretic use was associated with a lower risk of MAKE (weighted hazard ratio 0.87 [95% confidence interval: 0.77-0.97]), consistent across single components (KRT: 0.77 [0.66-0.88], over 40% eGFR decline: 0.80 [0.71-0.91] and eGFR under 15ml/min/1.73m2: 0.84 [0.74-0.96]). The risks of MACE (1.14 [0.96-1.36]) and all-cause mortality (1.07 [0.94-1.23]) did not differ between therapies. Results were consistent when modeling the total time drug exposure, across sub-groups and a broad range of sensitivity analyses. Thus, our observational study suggests that in patients with advanced CKD, using a diuretic rather than a CCB on top of RASi may improve kidney outcomes without compromising cardioprotection.
The Role of Germline Mutations in Thoracic Malignancies: Between Myth and Reality
Authors: Giovanni Farinea, Veronica Crespi, Angela Listì, Luisella Righi, Paolo Bironzo, Alessandra Merlini, Umberto Malapelle, Silvia Novello, Giorgio Vittorio Scagliotti, Francesco Passiglia
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2023)

Considering the established contribution of environmental factors to the development of thoracic malignancies, the inherited susceptibility of these tumors has rarely been explored. However, the recent introduction of next-generation sequencing-based tumor molecular profiling in the real-word setting enabled us to deeply characterize the genomic background of patients with lung cancer with or without smoking-related history, increasing the likelihood of detecting germline mutations with potential prevention and treatment implications. Pathogenic germline variants have been detected in 2% to 3% of patients with NSCLC undergoing next-generation sequencing analysis, whereas the proportion of germline mutations associated with the development of pleural mesothelioma widely varies across different studies, ranging between 5% and 10%. This review provides an updated summary of emerging evidence about germline mutations in thoracic malignancies, focusing on pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical features, therapeutic implications, and screening recommendations for high-risk individuals.
The TaxUMAP atlas: Efficient display of large clinical microbiome data reveals ecological competition in protection against bacteremia
Authors: Jonas Schluter, Ana Djukovic, Bradford P. Taylor, Jinyuan Yan, Caichen Duan, Grant A. Hussey, Chen Liao, Sneh Sharma, Emily Fontana, Luigi A. Amoretti, Roberta J. Wright, Anqi Dai, Jonathan U. Peled, Ying Taur, Miguel-Angel Perales, Benjamin A. Siranosian, Ami S. Bhatt, Marcel R.M. van den Brink, Eric G. Pamer, Joao B. Xavier
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2023)
A novel one-to-multiple unsupervised domain adaptation framework for abdominal organ segmentation
Authors: Xiaowei Xu, Yinan Chen, Jianghao Wu, Jiangshan Lu, Yuxiang Ye, Yechong Huang, Xin Dou, Kang Li, Guotai Wang, Shaoting Zhang, Wei Gong
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2023)
Reply: More questions than answers—Response to the POP-NEXT project
Authors: Vlad Ratziu, Nancy Reau
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

Berry and Kotha correctly emphasize the numerous issues raised by NAFLD, which is both a liver disease and part of a larger clinical phenotype of metabolic dysfunction. They argue that a multisystem assessment would be best performed by primary care physicians, as liver or gastroenterology specialists lack familiarity with the management of nonhepatic conditions or the medications to manage these conditions, and the time commitment for such an assessment would be too onerous. However, given the considerable variability between countries in the way that healthcare systems operate, what is appropriate for the United Kingdom may not be applicable elsewhere. For instance, in parts of France, general practitioners are overburdened with clinical work (high demand for general medicine, low visit costs, and generous coverage by social security being the main reasons), which translates into long waiting times for an appointment and limited time for each patient visit. In other parts of the country, there is a severe shortage of general practitioners (medical "deserts"). In many instances, complex multiorgan workups would further burden primary care physicians. In our view, the crucial point is that a diagnosis of NAFLD should entail a thorough evaluation of the main interconnected comorbidities, regardless of the most appropriate setting. In countries where general practitioners are overbooked and specialized medicine is highly fragmented in the cardiometabolic field, hepatologists could share the medical burden and avoid unnecessary delays by adopting first-line screening for several medical comorbidities or by assessing cardiovascular risk and initiating prescription of lipid-lowering medication when necessary. Ideally, this should be done in multidisciplinary clinics1,2 that colocate and coordinate care, thereby reducing the risk of overlooked diagnosis and mismanagement, and increasing patient compliance.3 In the absence of such structures and particularly in patients first diagnosed with NAFLD, hepatologists should strive to save unnecessary hospital visits by initiating a holistic diagnostic workup themselves. The POP-NEXT project highlights inadequacies and shortcomings of the current exploration of NAFLD patients, which are even more revealing since responders were, as Berry and Kotha point out, highly committed specialists, probably with a vested interest in NAFLD. Additional surveys adapted to address issues raised in primary care by suspected NAFLD will certainly complement the current work and enhance the broader understanding of the healthcare burden of NAFLD.
Treatment of critical bone defects using calcium phosphate cement and mesoporous bioactive glass providing spatiotemporal drug delivery
Authors: Richard Frank Richter, Corina Vater, Margarete Korn, Tilman Ahlfeld, Martina Rauner, Winnie Pradel, Bernd Stadlinger, Michael Gelinsky, Anja Lode, Paula Korn
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2023)

Calcium phosphate cements (CPC) are currently widely used bone replacement materials with excellent bioactivity, but have considerable disadvantages like slow degradation. For critical-sized defects, however, an improved degradation is essential to match the tissue regeneration, especially in younger patients who are still growing. We demonstrate that a combination of CPC with mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) particles led to an enhanced degradation in vitro and in a critical alveolar cleft defect in rats. Additionally, to support new bone formation the MBG was functionalized with hypoxia conditioned medium (HCM) derived from rat bone marrow stromal cells. HCM-functionalized scaffolds showed an improved cell proliferation and the highest formation of new bone volume. This highly flexible material system together with the drug delivery capacity is adaptable to patient specific needs and has great potential for clinical translation.
Timing and sequence of vaccination against COVID-19 and influenza – Author's reply
Authors: Elisabeth A. Dulfer, Büsra Geckin, Esther J.M. Taks, Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel, Helga Dijkstra, Liesbeth van Emst, Christa E. van der Gaast – de Jongh, Petra C. Koopmans, Jorge Domínguez-Andrés, Reinout van Crevel, Josephine S. van de Maat, Marien I. de Jonge, Mihai G. Netea
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2023)
Recent advances in defined hydrogels in organoid research
Authors: Zhongqiao Gan, Xinyuan Qin, Haitao Liu, Jiayue Liu, Jianhua Qin
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2023)

Organoids are in vitro model systems that mimic the complexity of organs with multicellular structures and functions, which provide great potential for biomedical and tissue engineering. However, their current formation heavily relies on using complex animal-derived extracellular matrices (ECM), such as Matrigel. These matrices are often poorly defined in chemical components and exhibit limited tunability and reproducibility. Recently, the biochemical and biophysical properties of defined hydrogels can be precisely tuned, offering broader opportunities to support the development and maturation of organoids. In this review, the fundamental properties of ECM in vivo and critical strategies to design matrices for organoid culture are summarized. Two typically defined hydrogels derived from natural and synthetic polymers for their applicability to improve organoids formation are presented. The representative applications of incorporating organoids into defined hydrogels are highlighted. Finally, some challenges and future perspectives are also discussed in developing defined hydrogels and advanced technologies toward supporting organoid research.
Overcrowded housing during adolescence and future risk of premature mortality: a 28-year follow-up of 556,191 adolescents from Switzerland
Authors: Sarah M. Mah, Laura C. Rosella, Mika Kivimäki, Cristian Carmeli
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2023)

Few large-scale studies have examined the health impacts of overcrowded housing in European countries. The aim of this study was to assess whether household crowding during adolescence increases the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Switzerland.
Hexokinase dissociation from mitochondria promotes oligomerization of VDAC that facilitates NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation
Authors: Sung Hoon Baik, V. Krishnan Ramanujan, Courtney Becker, Sarah Fett, David M. Underhill, Andrea J. Wolf
Journal: Science Immunology (2023)

NLRP3 inflammasome activation is a highly regulated process for controlling secretion of the potent inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 that are essential during bacterial infection, sterile inflammation, and disease, including colitis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and atherosclerosis. Diverse stimuli activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, and unifying upstream signals has been challenging to identify. Here, we report that a common upstream step in NLRP3 inflammasome activation is the dissociation of the glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 from the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) in the outer membrane of mitochondria. Hexokinase 2 dissociation from VDAC triggers activation of inositol triphosphate receptors, leading to release of calcium from the ER, which is taken up by mitochondria. This influx of calcium into mitochondria leads to oligomerization of VDAC, which is known to form a macromolecule-sized pore in the outer membranes of mitochondria that allows proteins and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), often associated with apoptosis and inflammation, respectively, to exit the mitochondria. We observe that VDAC oligomers aggregate with NLRP3 during initial assembly of the multiprotein oligomeric NLRP3 inflammasome complex. We also find that mtDNA is necessary for NLRP3 association with VDAC oligomers. These data, together with other recent work, help to paint a more complete picture of the pathway leading to NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Reversing the mitochondrial hex that bewitches NLRP3
Authors: Manasa Mellacheruvu, Grace M. E. P. Lawrence, Stefan Emming, Kate Schroder
Journal: Science Immunology (2023)

Hexokinase dissociation from mitochondria triggers calcium-induced oligomerization of VDAC within the outer mitochondrial membrane, leading to NLRP3 recruitment and inflammasome signaling (see related Research Article by Baik et al.).
Activation of regulatory dendritic cells by Mertk coincides with a temporal wave of apoptosis in neonatal lungs
Authors: Aaron Silva-Sanchez, Selene Meza-Perez, Mingyong Liu, Sara L. Stone, Leopoldo Flores-Romo, Eric Ubil, Frances E. Lund, Alexander F. Rosenberg, Troy D. Randall
Journal: Science Immunology (2023)

Multiple mechanisms restrain inflammation in neonates, most likely to prevent tissue damage caused by overly robust immune responses against newly encountered pathogens. Here, we identify a population of pulmonary dendritic cells (DCs) that express intermediate levels of CD103 (CD103
Abstract 10298: The Degree of Hyponatremia is a Strong Prognosticator in Patients Admitted with Diastolic Heart Failure
Authors: Noah Moss, Ronald Zolty
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction:  Although hyponatremia has been shown to be a predictor of adverse outcomes in patients admitted with heart failure (HF), the effects in patients with diastolic HF have not been comprehensively investigated.   Hypothesis:  We assessed the hypothesis that not only hyponatremia, but the degree of hyponatremia, may be used as a predictor of adverse outcomes in patients admitted with diastolic HF.   Methods:  Using medical quality surveillance software, we conducted a retrospective cohort study over a 2 year period examining the data of patients admitted to our institution with the diagnosis of HF and a documented EF greater than 50%. All patients who met inclusion criteria were analyzed in groups based on their sodium levels at the time of admission. The outcomes investigated included average length of stay, readmission rates and mortality.   Results:  A total of 6681 patients met the criteria for analysis. In general, hyponatremia was found to be a strong predictor of negative outcomes as the average length of stay, readmission rates and mortality were found to significantly increase inversely to serum sodium levels. Readmission rates were not significantly different in the    Conclusion:  In conclusion, not only are initial sodium levels a powerful predictor of length of stay, readmission rates and both short and long term mortality in patients admitted with diastolic HF but the degree of hyponatremia can be used to further risk stratify these patients.