tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relative efficacy of prophylactic strategies for postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Shuling Ren, Yiyuan Zhu, Yanbo Dong, Jianxin Cui, Yunyun Wang, Guo Li, Aobo Zhang, Liangfa Liu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: Routine prophylaxis for at-risk patients may reduce the occurrence of postoperative hypocalcemia but is not widely adopted due to a lack of evidence on the efficacy of available prophylactic strategies. In this study, we compared the relative efficacy of prophylactic strategies for postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia with a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched, covering the period from 1980 to May 2022, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing calcium, vitamin D 3 , activated vitamin D 3 , teriparatide, steroids, and magnesium with placebo or each other in patients receiving total or completion thyroidectomy. Involved RCTs reporting symptomatic or biochemical hypocalcemia. The primary outcome was symptomatic hypocalcemia, defined as circumoral tingling, and Chvostek and Trousseau signs. The secondary outcome was biochemical hypocalcemia. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool for randomized trials. Pooled estimates were calculated using a random-effects inverse-variance weighting model. The network meta-analysis was performed under the frequentist framework. This meta-analysis was registered on the PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews) (CRD42022299982). Results: Twenty-seven RCTs comprising 3382 patients are included. Prophylactic strategies of teriparatide, oral calcium plus vitamin D 3 , and oral calcium plus activated vitamin D 3 are superior to placebo in reducing symptomatic hypocalcemia. Teriparatide emerged as the most effective strategy for symptomatic hypocalcemia [relative risk (RR): 0.18; 95% CI: 0.03–0.98], followed by oral calcium plus activated vitamin D 3 (RR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.25–0.73) and oral calcium plus vitamin D 3 (RR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.26–0.71). Evidence on monotherapy with either oral calcium or vitamin D 3 in reducing symptomatic hypocalcemia is insufficient. Intravenous calcium and oral calcium are effective in reducing biochemical hypocalcemia. Conclusions: This network meta-analysis provides information on the relative efficacy of current prophylactic strategies for postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia. Teriparatide performed better than other interventions and would seem appropriate for deployment among high-risk populations.
Regional differences in bone mineral density biomechanically induce a higher risk of adjacent vertebral fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty: a case-comparative study
Authors: Jingchi Li, Yimin Xie, Shenglu Sun, Congyang Xue, Wenqiang Xu, Chen Xu, Zhipeng Xi
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: Adjacent vertebral fracture (AVF) is a frequently observed complication after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compressive fracture. Biomechanical deterioration initially induces a higher risk of AVF. Studies demonstrated that the aggravation of regional differences in the elastic modulus of different components might deteriorate the local biomechanical environment and increase the risk of structural failure. Considering the existence of intravertebral regional differences in bone mineral density (BMD) (i.e. elastic modulus), it was hypothesized in the present study that higher intravertebral BMD differences may induce a higher risk of AVF biomechanically. Materials and Methods: The radiographic and demographic data of osteoporotic vertebral compressive fracture patients treated using PVP were reviewed in the present study. The patients were divided into two groups: those with AVF and those without AVF. The Hounsfield unit (HU) values of transverse planes from the superior to the inferior bony endplate were measured, and the differences between the highest and lowest HU values of these planes were considered the regional differences of the HU value. The data from patients with and without AVF were compared, and the independent risk factors were identified through regression analysis. PVP with different grades of regional differences in the elastic modulus of the adjacent vertebral body was simulated using a previously constructed and validated lumbar finite element model, and the biomechanical indicators related to AVF were computed and recorded in surgical models. Results: Clinical data on 103 patients were collected in this study (with an average follow-up period of 24.1 months). The radiographic review revealed that AVF patients present a significantly higher regional difference in the HU value and that the increase in the regional difference of the HU value was an independent risk factor for AVF. In addition, numerical mechanical simulations recorded a stress concentration tendency (the higher maximum equivalent stress value) in the adjacent vertebral cancellous bone, with a stepwise aggravation of the adjacent cancellous bony regional stiffness differences. Conclusions: The aggravation of regional BMD differences induces a higher risk of AVF after PVP surgery through a deterioration of the local biomechanical environment. The maximum differences in the HU value of the adjacent cancellous bone should, therefore, be measured routinely to better predict the risk of AVF. Patients with noticeable regional BMD differences should be considered at high risk for AVF, and greater attention must be paid to these patients to reduce the risk of AVF. Evidence grade: Level III b.
Association of Combined Exposure to Ambient Air Pollutants, Genetic Risk, and Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Prospective Cohort Study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Jie Zhang, Xin-Yu Fang, Jun Wu, Yin-Guang Fan, Rui-Xue Leng, Bo Liu, Xiao-Jie Lv, Yu-Lu Yan, Chen Mao, Dong-Qing Ye
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2023)

Background: Evidence for a potential link between air pollution and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is inconsistent, and the modified effect of genetic susceptibility on the relationship between air pollution and RA has not been well studied. Objective: Using a general population cohort from the UK Biobank, this study aimed to investigate the associations between various air pollutants and the risk of incident RA and to further estimate the impact of combined exposure to ambient air pollutants on the risk of developing RA under the modification effect of genetic predisposition. Methods: A total of 342,973 participants with completed genotyping data and who were free of RA at baseline were included in the study. An air pollution score was constructed by summing the concentrations of each pollutant weighted by the regression coefficients with RA from single-pollutant models to assess the combined effect of air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM) with diameters ≤2.5μm (PM2.5), between 2.5 and 10μm (PM2.5–10), and ≤10μm (PM10), as well as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). In addition, the polygenic risk score (PRS) of RA was calculated to characterize individual genetic risk. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of associations of single air pollutant, air pollution score, or PRS with incident RA. Results: During a median follow-up time of 8.1 y, 2,034 incident events of RA were recorded. The HRs (95% CIs) of incident RA per interquartile range increment in PM2.5, PM2.5–10, PM10, NO2, and NOx were 1.07 (1.01, 1.13), 1.00 (0.96, 1.04), 1.01 (0.96, 1.07), 1.03 (0.98, 1.09), and 1.07 (1.02, 1.12), respectively. We also found a positive exposure–response relationship between air pollution score and RA risk (pTrend=0.000053). The HR (95% CI) of incident RA was 1.14 (1.00, 1.29) in the highest quartile group compared with the lowest quartile group of the air pollution score. Furthermore, the results of the combined effect of air pollution score and PRS on the RA risk showed that the risk of RA incidence in the highest genetic risk and air pollution score group was almost twice that of the lowest genetic risk and air pollution score group [incidence rate (IR) per 100,000 person-years: 98.46 vs. 51.19, and HR= 1.73 (95% CI: 1.39, 2.17) vs. 1 (reference)], although no statistically significant interaction between the air pollution and genetic risk for incident RA was found (pInteraction>0.05). Discussion: The results revealed that long-term combined exposure to ambient air pollutants might increase the risk of RA, particularly in those with high genetic risk. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10710
ANO1 Reprograms Cholesterol Metabolism and the Tumor Microenvironment to Promote Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Chun-Miao Deng, Guo-Geng Zhang, Qin-Wen Liu, Jiao-Jiao Xu, Zhi-Chao Liu, Jing Yang, Tao-Yang Xu, Zhi-Gang Li, Fan Zhang, Bin Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2023)

Abstract Tumor metastasis is a complex process. A better understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of the metastatic cascade could uncover approaches to better prevent and target metastases. Here, we integrated transcriptomic profiling in primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and matched lymph node metastatic tissues and genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 functional screening to identify the key drivers of cancer metastasis. Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) expression was found to be elevated in primary tumors and further increased in metastatic tissues. High expression of ANO1 was associated with poor patient survival, and ANO1 overexpression promoted cancer invasion and metastasis. Mechanistically, ANO1 inactivated the LXR pathway and increased intracellular cholesterol accumulation by interacting with JUN to repress the transcription of cholesterol hydroxylase, CYP27A1. In a paracrine manner, IL1β secreted from ANO1-expressing ESCC cancer cells activated NF-κB signaling in fibroblasts to stimulate production of the chemokine CCL1, which in turn enhanced invasion of ESCC cancer cells. Furthermore, molecular docking and in silico screening of 1,500,000 small molecules identified K786–4469 as a lead compound that targeted ANO1 and suppressed cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Overall, these findings uncover a noncanonical function of ANO1 in regulating cholesterol metabolism and fibroblast function, revealing ANO1 as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for metastatic ESCC. Significance: Metastatic cancer cells upregulate ANO1 to activate cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms that alter cholesterol metabolism and stimulate fibroblasts, which can be targeted with ANO1 inhibitors to inhibit metastatic growth. See related commentary by Singh and Mehla, p. 1759
Accelerated Bone Reconstruction by the Yoda1 Bilayer Membrane via Promotion of Osteointegration and Angiogenesis
Authors: Jinghong Yang, Kaiting Yuan, Tingting Zhang, Shiqi Zhou, Weichang Li, Zetao Chen, Yan Wang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Guided bone regeneration membranes are widely used to prevent fibroblast penetration and facilitate bone defect repair by osteoblasts. However, the current clinically available collagen membranes lack bone induction and angiogenic capacities, exhibiting limited bone regeneration. The mechanically sensitive channel, Piezo1, which is activated by Yoda1, has been reported to play crucial roles in osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Nevertheless, the application of Yoda1 alone is unsustainable to maintain this activity. Therefore, this study fabricates a Yoda1‐loading bilayer membrane using electrospinning technology. Its inner layer in contact with the bone defect is composed of vertically aligned fibers, which regulate the proliferation and differentiation of cells, release Yoda1, and promote bone regeneration. Its outer layer in contact with the soft tissue is dense with oriented fibers by UV cross‐linking, mainly preventing fibroblast infiltration and inhibiting the immune response. Furthermore, the loaded Yoda1 affects osteogenesis and angiogenesis via the Piezo1 / RhoA /Rho‐associated coiled‐coil‐containing protein kinase 1/Yes1‐associated transcriptional regulator signaling pathway. The results reveal that the Yoda1 bilayer membrane is efficient and versatile in accelerating bone regeneration, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic agent for various clinical issues.
Labor Income Losses Associated With Heart Disease and Stroke From the 2019 Panel Study of Income Dynamics
Authors: Feijun Luo, Grace Chapel, Zhiqiu Ye, Sandra L. Jackson, Kakoli Roy
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Current estimates of productivity losses associated with heart disease and stroke in the US include income losses from premature mortality but do not include income losses from morbidity.To estimate labor income losses associated with morbidity of heart disease and stroke in the US due to missed or lower labor force participation.This cross-sectional study used 2019 Panel Study of Income Dynamics data to estimate labor income losses associated with heart disease and stroke by comparing labor income between persons with and without heart disease or stroke, after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and other chronic conditions and considering the situation of zero labor income (eg, withdrawal from the labor market). The study sample included individuals aged 18 to 64 years who were reference persons or spouses or partners. Data analysis was conducted from June 2021 to October 2022.The key exposure was heart disease or stroke.The main outcome was labor income, measured for the year 2018. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics and other chronic conditions. Labor income losses associated with heart disease and stroke were estimated using the 2-part model, in which part 1 is to model the probability that labor income is greater than zero and part 2 is to regress positive labor income, with both parts having the same set of explanatory variables.In the study sample consisting of 12 166 individuals (6721 [52.4%] females) representing a weighted mean income of $48 299 (95% CI, $45 712-$50 885), the prevalence of heart disease was 3.7% and the prevalence of stroke was 1.7%, and there were 1610 Hispanic persons (17.3%), 220 non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander persons (6.0%), 3963 non-Hispanic Black persons (11.0%), and 5688 non-Hispanic White persons (60.2%). The age distribution was largely even, from 21.9% for the age 25 to 34 years group to 25.8% for the age 55 to 64 years group, except for young adults (age 18-24 years), who made up 4.4% of the sample. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and other chronic conditions, persons with heart disease would receive an estimated $13 463 (95% CI, $6993-$19 933) less in annual labor income than those without heart disease (P < .001), and persons with stroke would receive an estimated $18 716 (95% CI, $10 356-$27 077) less in annual labor income than those without stroke (P < .001). Total labor income losses associated with morbidity were estimated at $203.3 billion for heart disease and $63.6 billion for stroke.These findings suggest that total labor income losses associated with morbidity of heart disease and stroke were far greater than those from premature mortality. Comprehensive estimation of total costs of CVD may assist decision-makers in assessing benefits from averted premature mortality and morbidity and allocating resources to the prevention, management, and control of CVD.
Mussel Foot Protein Inspired Tape‐Type Adhesive with Water‐Responsive, High Conformal, Tough, and On‐Demand Detachable Adhesion to Wet Tissue
Authors: Peng Ni, Hongjian Huang, Lidan Zhang, Yiming Chen, Ziyi Liang, Yunxiang Weng, Yan Fang, Haiqing Liu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Wet adhesion is highly demanded in noninvasive wound closure, tissue repair, and biomedical devices, but it is still a big challenge for developing biosafe and tough wet bioadhesives due to low or even nonadhesion in the wet state for conventional adhesives. Inspired by the wet‐adhesion‐contributing factors of mussel foot proteins, a water‐responsive dry robust tissue adhesive PAGU tape is made with thickness of &lt;0.5 mm through fast UV‐initiated copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA), gelatin (Gel), and hexadecenyl‐1,2‐catechol (UH). The tape shows strong cohesive mechanical properties and strong interfacial adhesion bonds. Upon application onto wet tissue, the adhesive tape can conform to the tissue, quickly dry tissue surface through absorbing surface/interfacial water and then allows formation of interfacial bonding with a high interfacial toughness of ≈818 J m −2 . Furthermore, it can be readily detached by treating with aq. urea solution. A highly efficient avenue is provided here for producing conformable, tough, and easy detachable wet bioadhesive tapes.
Clinical outcomes and quality of life after contemporary isolated coronary bypass grafting: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Sigrid Sandner, Martin Misfeld, Etem Caliskan, Andreas Böning, Jose Aramendi, Sacha P. Salzberg, Yeong-Hoon Choi, Louis P. Perrault, Ilker Tekin, Gregorio P. Cuerpo, Jose Lopez-Menendez, Luca P. Weltert, Johannes Böhm, Markus Krane, José M. González-Santos, Juan-Carlos Tellez, Tomas Holubec, Enrico Ferrari, Gheorghe Doros, Clara J. Vitarello, Maximilian Y. Emmert
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

The objective of the European Multicenter Registry to Assess Outcomes in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients (DuraGraft Registry) was to determine clinical outcomes and quality of life (QoL) after contemporary CABG that included isolated CABG and combined CABG/valve procedures, using an endothelial damage inhibitor (DuraGraft) intraoperatively for conduit preservation. Here, we report outcomes in the patient cohort undergoing isolated CABG.The primary outcome was the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), or repeat revascularization (RR) [major adverse cardiac events (MACE)] at 1 year. Secondary outcomes included the composite of all-cause death, MI, RR, or stroke [major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE)], and QoL. QoL was assessed with the EuroQol-5 Dimension questionnaire. Independent risk factors for MACE at 1 year were determined using Cox regression analysis.A total of 2532 patients (mean age, 67.4±9.2 years; 82.5% male) underwent isolated CABG. The median EuroScore II was 1.4 [interquartile range (IQR), 0.9-2.3]. MACE and MACCE rates at 1 year were 6.6% and 7.8%, respectively. The rates of all-cause death, MI, RR, and stroke were 4.4, 2.0, 2.2, and 1.9%, respectively. The 30-day mortality rate was 2.3%. Age, extracardiac arteriopathy, left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50%, critical operative state, and left main disease were independent risk factors for MACE. QoL index values improved from 0.84 [IQR, 0.72-0.92] at baseline to 0.92 [IQR, 0.82-1.00] at 1 year ( P <0.0001).Contemporary European patients undergoing isolated CABG have a low 1-year clinical event rate and an improved QoL.
A Step Forward in the Fight Against Dementia—Are We There Yet?
Authors: David A. Wolk, Gil D. Rabinovici, Bradford C. Dickerson
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

This Viewpoint reports on the results of the Clarity AD trial, a phase 3 randomized clinical trial of lecanemab for patients with early Alzheimer disease, in which lecanemab’s clinical efficacy was demonstrated using well-established outcome measures.
Omicron: a challenge to hybrid immunity – correspondence
Authors: Ankush K. Niranjan, Shailesh K. Patel, Talha B. Emran
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

aDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Rewa, M.P., India bDepartment of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Rewa, M.P., India cDepartment of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh dDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh. Tel.: +88-030-3356193; fax: +88-031-2550224; Cell: +88-01819942214. E-mail address: [email protected] (T.B. Emran). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
COVID-19 Policies, Pandemic Disruptions, and Changes in Child Mental Health and Sleep in the United States
Authors: Yunyu Xiao, Timothy T. Brown, Lonnie R. Snowden, Julian Chun-Chung Chow, J. John Mann
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance The adverse effects of COVID-19 containment policies disrupting child mental health and sleep have been debated. However, few current estimates correct biases of these potential effects. Objectives To determine whether financial and school disruptions related to COVID-19 containment policies and unemployment rates were separately associated with perceived stress, sadness, positive affect, COVID-19–related worry, and sleep. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study was based on the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study COVID-19 Rapid Response Release and used data collected 5 times between May and December 2020. Indexes of state-level COVID-19 policies (restrictive, supportive) and county-level unemployment rates were used to plausibly address confounding biases through 2-stage limited information maximum likelihood instrumental variables analyses. Data from 6030 US children aged 10 to 13 years were included. Data analysis was conducted from May 2021 to January 2023. Exposures Policy-induced financial disruptions (lost wages or work due to COVID-19 economic impact); policy-induced school disruptions (switches to online or partial in-person schooling). Main Outcomes and Measures Perceived stress scale, National Institutes of Health (NIH)–Toolbox sadness, NIH-Toolbox positive affect, COVID-19–related worry, and sleep (latency, inertia, duration). Results In this study, 6030 children were included in the mental health sample (weighted median [IQR] age, 13 [12-13] years; 2947 [48.9%] females, 273 [4.5%] Asian children, 461 [7.6%] Black children, 1167 [19.4%] Hispanic children, 3783 [62.7%] White children, 347 [5.7%] children of other or multiracial ethnicity). After imputing missing data, experiencing financial disruption was associated with a 205.2% [95% CI, 52.9%-509.0%] increase in stress, a 112.1% [95% CI, 22.2%-268.1%] increase in sadness, 32.9% [95% CI, 3.5%-53.4%] decrease in positive affect, and a 73.9 [95% CI, 13.2-134.7] percentage-point increase in moderate-to-extreme COVID-19–related worry. There was no association between school disruption and mental health. Neither school disruption nor financial disruption were associated with sleep. Conclusions and Relevance To our knowledge, this study presents the first bias-corrected estimates linking COVID-19 policy-related financial disruptions with child mental health outcomes. School disruptions did not affect indices of children’s mental health. These findings suggest public policy should consider the economic impact on families due to pandemic containment measures, in part to protect child mental health until vaccines and antiviral drugs become available.