Between but Not Within-Species Variation in the Distribution of Fitness Effects
Authors: Jennifer James, Chedly Kastally, Katharina B Budde, Santiago C González-Martínez, Pascal Milesi, Tanja Pyhäjärvi, Martin Lascoux, Paraskevi Alizoti, Ricardo Alía, Olivier Ambrosio, Filippos A Aravanopoulos, Georg von Arx, Albet Audrey, Francisco Auñón, Camilla Avanzi, Evangelia Avramidou, Francesca Bagnoli, Marko Bajc, Eduardo Ballesteros, Evangelos Barbas, José M García del Barrio, Cristina C Bastias, Catherine Bastien, Giorgia Beffa, Raquel Benavides, Vanina Benoit, Frédéric Bernier, Henri Bignalet, Guillaume Bodineau, Damien Bouic, Sabine Brodbeck, William Brunetto, Jurata Buchovska, Corinne Buret, Melanie Buy, Ana M Cabanillas-Saldaña, Bárbara Carvalho, Stephen Cavers, Fernando Del Caño, Sandra Cervantes, Nicolas Cheval, José M Climent, Marianne Correard, Eva Cremer, Darius Danusevičius, Benjamin Dauphin, Jean-Luc Denou, Bernard Dokhelar, Alexis Ducousso, Bruno Fady, Patricia Faivre-Rampant, Anna-Maria Farsakoglou, Patrick Fonti, Ioannis Ganopoulos, Olivier Gilg, Nicolas De Girardi, René Graf, Alan Gray, Delphine Grivet, Felix Gugerli, Christoph Hartleitner, Katrin Heer, Enja Hollenbach, Agathe Hurel, Bernard Issenhuth, Florence Jean, Véronique Jorge, Arnaud Jouineau, Jan-Philipp Kappner, Robert Kesälahti, Florian Knutzen, Sonja T Kujala, Timo A Kumpula, Katri Kärkkäinen, Mariaceleste Labriola, Celine Lalanne, Johannes Lambertz, Gregoire Le-Provost, Vincent Lejeune, Isabelle Lesur-Kupin, Joseph Levillain, Mirko Liesebach, David López-Quiroga, Ermioni Malliarou, Jérémy Marchon, Nicolas Mariotte, Antonio Mas, Silvia Matesanz, Benjamin Meier, Helge Meischner, Célia Michotey, Sandro Morganti, Tor Myking, Daniel Nievergelt, Anne Eskild Nilsen, Eduardo Notivol, Dario I Ojeda, Sanna Olsson, Lars Opgenoorth, Geir Ostreng, Birte Pakull, Annika Perry, Sara Pinosio, Andrea Piotti, Christophe Plomion, Nicolas Poinot, Mehdi Pringarbe, Luc Puzos, Annie Raffin, José A Ramírez-Valiente, Christian Rellstab, Dourthe Remi, Oliver Reutimann, Sebastian Richter, Juan J Robledo-Arnuncio, Odile Rogier, Elisabet Martínez Sancho, Outi Savolainen, Simone Scalabrin, Volker Schneck, Silvio Schueler, Ivan Scotti, Sergio San Segundo, Vladimir Semerikov, Lenka Slámová, Ilaria Spanu, Jørn Henrik Sønstebø, Jean Thevenet, Mari Mette Tollefsrud, Norbert Turion, Fernando Valladares, Giovanni G Vendramin, Marc Villar, Marjana Westergren, Johan Westin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2023)

New mutations provide the raw material for evolution and adaptation. The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) describes the spectrum of effects of new mutations that can occur along a genome, and is, therefore, of vital interest in evolutionary biology. Recent work has uncovered striking similarities in the DFE between closely related species, prompting us to ask whether there is variation in the DFE among populations of the same species, or among species with different degrees of divergence, that is whether there is variation in the DFE at different levels of evolution. Using exome capture data from six tree species sampled across Europe we characterized the DFE for multiple species, and for each species, multiple populations, and investigated the factors potentially influencing the DFE, such as demography, population divergence, and genetic background. We find statistical support for the presence of variation in the DFE at the species level, even among relatively closely related species. However, we find very little difference at the population level, suggesting that differences in the DFE are primarily driven by deep features of species biology, and those evolutionarily recent events, such as demographic changes and local adaptation, have little impact.