tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of and Factors Associated With High Blood Pressure Among Adolescents in India
Authors: Anil Vasudevan, Tinku Thomas, Anura Kurpad, Harshpal S. Sachdev
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

High blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents is becoming one of the most common health conditions worldwide and is much more widely prevalent than previously thought.To estimate the prevalence of high BP in adolescents in India and identify associated factors.This cross-sectional study is a secondary analysis of data from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS, 2016-2018), which used a multistage, stratified, probability proportion to size cluster sampling design to enroll a nationally representative sample of households and individuals aged 10 to 19 years across all states and union territories of India. Adolescents with acute or chronic illness, physical deformity, mental illness, or cognitive disability were excluded from the survey. Because BP was measured only in children between 10 and 19 years of age, only data from children within this age group were included for secondary analyses. Data analysis was performed from March 2021 to April 2022.Anthropometry.On the basis of the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines, high BP was defined as stage 1 and 2 hypertension, with BP above the 95th percentile in children younger than 13 years and greater than 130/80 mm Hg in children 13 years or older. The association of age, sex, region, socioeconomic status, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and lipid profile with high BP were examined using log binomial regression.Among 16 182 eligible children aged 10 to 19 years (mean [SD] age, 14.2 [2.8] years; 7849 [48.5%] female and 8333 [51.5%] male), 11 718 had valid BP data with 3 repeated readings. the prevalence of high BP was 35.1% (95% CI, 31.5%-38.9%) in children aged 10 to 12 years and 25.1% (95% CI, 22.5%-28.0%) in children 13 years or older. Overweight and obesity were associated with a higher risk of high BP in both younger (prevalence ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04-1.34) and older children (prevalence ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.18-1.49). The prevalence of high BP in younger children with stunting was high at 40.1% (95% CI, 31.9%-48.9%) and was 21.9% (95% CI, 18.2%-26.1%) among older children with stunting. In both age groups, high BP coexisted with other cardiovascular disease risk factors, such that adolescents with high fasting blood glucose, high hemoglobin A1c, high triglyceride, and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels had a higher risk of high BP.In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of high BP, along with cardiovascular risk factors, was substantial in Indian adolescents. There is a need to screen and identify adolescents who have high BP and initiate interventions to control the burden of hypertension and its consequences in India.
Female Oncologists' Perceptions on Family and Career—Does It Have to Be a Choice?
Authors: Mona Saleh, Stephanie V. Blank
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Anna Lee, MD, MPH; Aleksandra Kuczmarska-Haas, MD; Shraddha M. Dalwadi, MD, MBA; Erin F. Gillespie, MD; Michelle S. Ludwig, MD, PhD; Emma B. Holliday, MD; Fumiko Chino, MD
Evaluating Vaginal Progesterone in Preventing Recurrent Preterm Birth: A Call to Action
Authors: Babatunde Akinwunmi, Wai-Kit Ming
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

David B. Nelson, MD; Ashlyn Lafferty, BS; Chinmayee Venkatraman, BS; Jeffrey G. McDonald, PhD; Kaitlyn M. Eckert, BS; Donald D. McIntire, PhD; Catherine Y. Spong, MD
National Board of Medical Examiners
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Extensive clinical evaluations of a highly attenuated live measles vaccine
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prenatal diet, plasma micronutrients/metabolome and inflammatory status influence the development of atopic eczema in early childhood
Authors: Le Duc Huy Ta, James Chun Yip Chan, Gaik Chin Yap, Chiung‐Hui Huang, Elizabeth Huiwen Tham, Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo, Noor H. A. Suaini, Lynette P. Shek, Neerja Karnani, Anne Eng Neo Goh, Hugo P. S. Van Bever, Oon Hoe Teoh, Yiong Huak Chan, Christophe Lay, Jan Knol, Fabian Yap, Kok Hian Tan, Yap‐Seng Chong, Mary Foong‐Fong Chong, Shiao Yng Chan, Johan Gunnar Eriksson, Keith M. Godfrey, Eric Chun Yong Chan, Bee Wah Lee
Journal: Allergy (2022)

Supinfo Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
In children with eczema, expansion of epitope‐specific <scp>IgE</scp> is associated with peanut allergy at 5 years of age
Authors: Maria Suprun, Henry T. Bahnson, George du Toit, Gideon Lack, Mayte Suarez‐Farinas, Hugh A. Sampson
Journal: Allergy (2022)

Supinfo Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Covid-19 vaccination and menstrual cycle length in the Apple Women’s Health Study
Authors: Elizabeth A. Gibson, Huichu Li, Victoria Fruh, Malaika Gabra, Gowtham Asokan, Anne Marie Z. Jukic, Donna D. Baird, Christine L. Curry, Tyler Fischer-Colbrie, Jukka-Pekka Onnela, Michelle A. Williams, Russ Hauser, Brent A. Coull, Shruthi Mahalingaiah
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2022)

COVID-19 vaccination may be associated with change in menstrual cycle length following vaccination. We estimated covariate-adjusted differences in mean cycle length (MCL), measured in days, between pre-vaccination cycles, vaccination cycles, and post-vaccination cycles within vaccinated participants who met eligibility criteria in the Apple Women's Health Study, a longitudinal mobile-application-based cohort of people in the U.S. with manually logged menstrual cycles. A total of 9652 participants (8486 vaccinated; 1166 unvaccinated) contributed 128,094 cycles (median = 10 cycles per participant; inter-quartile range: 4-22). Fifty-five percent of vaccinated participants received Pfizer-BioNTech's mRNA vaccine, 37% received Moderna's mRNA vaccine, and 8% received the Johnson & Johnson/Janssen (J&J) vaccine. COVID-19 vaccination was associated with a small increase in MCL for cycles in which participants received the first dose (0.50 days, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.78) and cycles in which participants received the second dose (0.39 days, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.67) of mRNA vaccines compared with pre-vaccination cycles. Cycles in which the single dose of J&J was administered were, on average, 1.26 days longer (95% CI: 0.45, 2.07) than pre-vaccination cycles. Post-vaccination cycles returned to average pre-vaccination length. Estimated follicular phase vaccination was associated with increased MCL in cycles in which participants received the first dose (0.97 days, 95% CI: 0.53, 1.42) or the second dose (1.43 days, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.80) of mRNA vaccines or the J&J dose (2.27 days, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.50), compared with pre-vaccination cycles. Menstrual cycle change following COVID-19 vaccination appears small and temporary and should not discourage individuals from becoming vaccinated.
Association of Promoting Housing Affordability and Stability With Improved Health Outcomes
Authors: Katherine L. Chen, Isomi M. Miake-Lye, Meron M. Begashaw, Frederick J. Zimmerman, Jody Larkin, Emily L. McGrath, Paul G. Shekelle
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance Housing insecurity—that is, difficulty with housing affordability and stability—is prevalent and results in increased risk for both homelessness and poor health. However, whether interventions that prevent housing insecurity upstream of homelessness improve health remains uncertain. Objective To review evidence characterizing associations of primary prevention strategies for housing insecurity with adult physical health, mental health, health-related behaviors, health care use, and health care access. Evidence Review Pairs of independent reviewers systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, EconLit, and the Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network for quantitative studies published from 2005 to 2021 that evaluated interventions intended to directly improve housing affordability and/or stability either by supporting at-risk households (targeted primary prevention) or by enhancing community-level housing supply and affordability in partnership with the health sector (structural primary prevention). Risk of bias was appraised using validated tools, and the evidence was synthesized using modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria. Findings A total of 26 articles describing 3 randomized trials and 20 observational studies (16 longitudinal designs and 4 cross-sectional quasi–waiting list control designs) were included. Existing interventions have focused primarily on mitigating housing insecurity for the most vulnerable individuals rather than preventing housing insecurity outright. Moderate-certainty evidence was found that eviction moratoriums were associated with reduced COVID-19 cases and deaths. Certainty of evidence was low or very low for health associations of other targeted primary prevention interventions, including emergency rent assistance, legal assistance with waiting list priority for public housing, long-term rent subsidies, and homeownership assistance. No studies evaluated health system–partnered structural primary prevention strategies. Conclusions and Relevance This systematic review found mixed and mostly low-certainty evidence that interventions that promote housing affordability and stability were associated with improved adult health outcomes. Existing interventions may need to be paired with other efforts to address the structural determinants of health. As health care systems and insurers respond to increasing opportunities to invest in housing as a determinant of health, further research is needed to clarify where along the housing insecurity pathway interventions should focus for the most effective and equitable health impact.
Electroacupuncture vs Sham Electroacupuncture in the Treatment of Postoperative Ileus After Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yu Wang, Jing-Wen Yang, Shi-Yan Yan, Yun Lu, Jia-Gang Han, Wei Pei, Jing-Jie Zhao, Zhi-Kai Li, Hang Zhou, Na-Na Yang, Li-Qiong Wang, Ying-Chi Yang, Cun-Zhi Liu
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Despite the adoption of the optimized Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol, postoperative ileus (POI) severely impairs recovery after colorectal resection and increases the burden on the health care system.To assess the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) in reducing the duration of POI with the ERAS protocol.This multicenter, randomized, sham-controlled trial was conducted in China from October 12, 2020, through October 17, 2021. There was a 1:1 allocation using the dynamic block random method, and analyses were by intention to treat. Patients 18 years or older undergoing laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer for the first time were randomly assigned to treatment group by a central system.Patients were randomly assigned to 4 sessions of EA or sham electroacupuncture (SA) after surgery. All patients were treated within the ERAS protocol.The primary outcome was the time to first defecation. Secondary outcomes included other patient-reported outcome measures, length of postoperative hospital stay, readmission rate within 30 days, and incidence of postoperative complications and adverse events.A total of 249 patients were randomly assigned to treatment groups. After the exclusion of 1 patient because of a diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis, 248 patients (mean [SD] age, 60.2 [11.4] years; 153 men [61.7%]) were included in the analyses. The median (IQR) time to first defecation was 76.4 (67.6-96.8) hours in the EA group and 90.0 (73.6-100.3) hours in the SA group (mean difference, -8.76; 95% CI, -15.80 to -1.73; P = .003). In the EA group compared with the SA group, the time to first flatus (median [IQR], 44.3 [37.0-58.2] hours vs 58.9 [48.2-67.4] hours; P < .001) and the tolerability of semiliquid diet (median [IQR], 105.8 [87.0-120.3] hours vs 116.5 [92.0-137.0] hours; P = .01) and solid food (median [IQR], 181.8 [149.5-211.4] hours vs 190.3 [165.0-228.5] hours; P = .01) were significantly decreased. Prolonged POI occurred in 13 of 125 patients (10%) in the EA group vs 25 of 123 patients (20%) in the SA group (risk ratio [RR], 0.51; 95% CI, 0.27-0.95; P = .03). Other secondary outcomes were not different between groups. There were no severe adverse events.Results of this randomized clinical trial demonstrated that in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer with the ERAS protocol, EA shortened the duration of POI and decreased the risk for prolonged POI compared with SA. EA may be considered as an adjunct to the ERAS protocol to promote gastrointestinal function recovery and prevent prolonged POI after surgery.Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2000038444.
Transitions in Health Insurance During the Perinatal Period Among Patients With Continuous Insurance Coverage
Authors: Chanup Jeung, Laura B. Attanasio, Kimberley H. Geissler
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance Although health insurance continuity is important during the perinatal period to improve birth outcomes and reduce maternal morbidity and mortality, insurance disruptions are common. However, little is known about insurance transitions among insurance types for individuals who remained insured during the perinatal period. Objective To examine insurance transitions for birthing individuals with continuous insurance, including those with Medicaid and Medicaid managed care coverage, before, during, and after pregnancy. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018 data from the Massachusetts All-Payer Claims Database. The sample included deliveries from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017, to birthing individuals aged 18 to 44 years old with continuous insurance for 12 months before and after delivery. Data were analyzed from November 9, 2021, to September 2, 2022. Exposure Insurance type at delivery. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was a binary indicator of any transition in insurance type from 12 months before and/or after delivery. The secondary outcomes were measures of any predelivery transition (12 months before delivery month) and any transition during the postpartum period (delivery month to 12 months post partum). Multivariate logit regression models were used to analyze the association of an insurance transition in the perinatal period with insurance type in the delivery month, controlling for age and socioeconomic status based on a 5-digit zip code. Results The analytic sample included 97 335 deliveries (mean [SD] maternal age at delivery, 30.4 [5.5] years). Of these deliveries, 23.4% (22 794) were insured by Medicaid and 28.1% (27 347) by Medicaid managed care in the delivery month. A total of 37.1% of the sample (36 127) had at least 1 insurance transition during the 12 months before and/or after delivery. In regression-adjusted analyses, those individuals covered by Medicaid and Medicaid managed care at delivery were 47.0 (95% CI, 46.3-47.7) percentage points and 50.1 (95% CI, 49.4-50.8) percentage points, respectively, more likely to have an insurance transition than those covered by private insurance. Those covered by Marketplace plans at delivery had a 33.1% (95% CI, 31.4%-34.8%) regression-adjusted predicted probability of having a postpartum insurance transition. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this study showed that insurance transitions during the perinatal period occurred for more than 1 in 3 birthing individuals with continuous insurance and were more common among those with Medicaid or Medicaid managed care at delivery. Further research is needed to examine the role of insurance transitions in health care use and outcomes during the perinatal period.
Provision of Air Conditioning and Heat-Related Mortality in Texas Prisons
Authors: Julianne Skarha, Amite Dominick, Keith Spangler, David Dosa, Josiah D. Rich, David A. Savitz, Antonella Zanobetti
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

There is a large body of epidemiologic evidence that heat is associated with increased risk of mortality. One of the most effective strategies to mitigate the effects of heat is through air conditioning (AC); Texas regulates the internal temperature of jails to stay between 65 and 85 °F degrees, but these same standards do not apply to state and private prisons. To analyze whether heat during warm months is associated with an increased risk of mortality in Texas prisons without AC. This case-crossover study included individuals who died in Texas prisons between 2001 and 2019. The association of heat in warm months with mortality in Texas prisons with and without AC was estimated. Data analysis was conducted from January to April 2022. Increasing daily heat index above 85 °F and extreme heat days (days above the 90th percentile heat index for the prison location). Daily mortality in Texas prisons. There were 2083 and 1381 deaths in prisons without and with AC, respectively, during warm months from 2001 to 2019. Most of the deceased were male (3339 of 3464 [96%]) and the median (IQR) age at death was 54 (45-62) years. A 1-degree increase above 85 °F heat index and an extreme heat day were associated with a 0.7% (95% CI, 0.1%-1.3%) and a 15.1% (95% CI, 1.3%-30.8%) increase in the risk of mortality in prisons without AC, respectively. Approximately 13% of mortality or 271 deaths may be attributable to extreme heat during warm months between 2001 to 2019 in Texas prison facilities without AC. In prisons with AC, a negative percentage change in mortality risk was observed, although the 95% CI crossed zero (percentage change in mortality risk: -0.6%; 95% CI, -1.6% to 0.5%). The estimates in prisons without AC were statistically different than the estimates in prisons with AC (P = .05). This study found an average of 14 deaths per year between 2001 to 2019 were associated with heat in Texas prisons without AC vs no deaths associated with heat in prisons with AC. Adopting an AC policy in Texas prisons may be important for protecting the health of one of our most vulnerable populations.
Will Acupuncture Be the Next Addition to Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocols?
Authors: Olle Ljungqvist, Hans D. de Boer
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal