tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Historical Redlining, Social Determinants of Health, and Stroke Prevalence in Communities in New York City
Authors: Benjamin M. Jadow, Liangyuan Hu, Jungang Zou, Daniel Labovitz, Chinwe Ibeh, Bruce Ovbiagele, Charles Esenwa
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Historical redlining was a discriminatory housing policy that placed financial services beyond the reach of residents in inner-city communities. The extent of the impact of this discriminatory policy on contemporary health outcomes remains to be elucidated.To evaluate the associations among historical redlining, social determinants of health (SDOH), and contemporary community-level stroke prevalence in New York City.An ecological, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted using New York City data from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2018. Data from the population-based sample were aggregated on the census tract level. Quantile regression analysis and a quantile regression forests machine learning model were used to determine the significance and overall weight of redlining in relation to other SDOH on stroke prevalence. Data were analyzed from November 5, 2021, to January 31, 2022.Social determinants of health included race and ethnicity, median household income, poverty, low educational attainment, language barrier, uninsurance rate, social cohesion, and residence in an area with a shortage of health care professionals. Other covariates included median age and prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and hyperlipidemia. Weighted scores for historical redlining (ie, the discriminatory housing policy in effect from 1934 to 1968) were computed using the mean proportion of original redlined territories overlapped on 2010 census tract boundaries in New York City.Stroke prevalence was collected from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 500 Cities Project for adults 18 years and older from 2014 to 2018.A total of 2117 census tracts were included in the analysis. After adjusting for SDOH and other relevant covariates, the historical redlining score was independently associated with a higher community-level stroke prevalence (odds ratio [OR], 1.02 [95% CI, 1.02-1.05]; P < .001). Social determinants of health that were positively associated with stroke prevalence included educational attainment (OR, 1.01 [95% CI, 1.01-1.01]; P < .001), poverty (OR, 1.01 [95% CI, 1.01-1.01]; P < .001), language barrier (OR, 1.00 [95% CI, 1.00-1.00]; P < .001), and health care professionals shortage (OR, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.00-1.04]; P = .03).This cross-sectional study found that historical redlining was associated with modern-day stroke prevalence in New York City independently of contemporary SDOH and community prevalence of some relevant cardiovascular risk factors.
Social robots as social learning partners: Exploring children's early understanding and learning from social robots
Authors: Amanda Haber, Kathleen H. Corriveau
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Clark and Fischer propose that people interpret social robots not as social agents, but as interactive depictions. Drawing on research focusing on how children selectively learn from social others, we argue that children do not view social robots as interactive toys but instead treat them as social learning partners and critical sources of information.
Taking a strong interactional stance
Authors: Frank Förster, Frank Broz, Mark Neerincx
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract We outline two points of criticism. Firstly, we argue that robots do constitute a separate category of beings in people's minds rather than being mere depictions of non-robotic characters. Secondly, we find that (semi-)automatic processes underpinning communicative interaction play a greater role in shaping robot-directed speech than Clark and Fischer's theory of social robots as depictions indicate.
Anthropomorphism, not depiction, explains interaction with social robots
Authors: Dawson Petersen, Amit Almor
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract We question the role given to depiction in Clark and Fischer's account of interaction with social robots. Specifically, we argue that positing a unique cognitive process for handling depiction is evolutionarily implausible and empirically redundant because the phenomena it is intended to explain are not limited to depictive contexts and are better explained by reference to more general cognitive processes.
Deficiency of neutrophil high-mobility group box-1 in liver transplant recipients exacerbates early allograft injury in mice
Authors: Zhuolun Song, Hui Han, Xiaodong Ge, Sukanta Das, Romain Desert, Dipti Athavale, Wei Chen, Sai Santosh Babu Komakula, Daniel Lantvit, Natalia Nieto
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

Background and Aims: Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) is a severe event leading to graft failure after liver transplant (LT). Extracellular high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a damage-associated molecular pattern that contributes to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). However, the contribution of intracellular HMGB1 to LT graft injury remains elusive. We hypothesized that intracellular neutrophil-derived HMGB1 from recipients protects from post-LT EAD. Approach and Results: We generated mice with conditional ablation or overexpression of Hmgb1 in hepatocytes, myeloid cells, or both. We performed LTs and injected lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to evaluate the effect of intracellular HMGB1 in EAD. Ablation of Hmgb1 in hepatocytes and myeloid cells of donors and recipients exacerbated early allograft injury after LT. Ablation of Hmgb1 from liver grafts did not affect graft injury; however, lack of Hmgb1 from recipient myeloid cells increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation in liver grafts and exacerbated injury. Neutrophils lacking HMGB1 were more activated, showed enhanced pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory signatures, and reduced biosynthesis and metabolism of inositol polyphosphates (InsPs). On LT reperfusion or LPS treatment, there was significant neutrophil mobilization and infiltration into the liver and enhanced production of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines when intracellular Hmgb1 was absent. Depletion of neutrophils using anti-Ly6G antibody attenuated graft injury in recipients with myeloid cell Hmgb1 ablation. Conclusions: Neutrophil HMGB1 derived from recipients is central to regulate their activation, limits the production of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and protects from early liver allograft injury.
Interacting with characters redux
Authors: Richard J. Gerrig
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract Clark and Fischer (C&amp;F) discuss how people interact with social robots in the context of a general analysis of interaction with characters. I suggest that a consideration of aesthetic illusion would add nuance to this analysis. In addition, I illustrate how people's experiences with other depictions of characters require adjustments to C&amp;F's claims.
Social robots and the intentional stance
Authors: Walter Veit, Heather Browning
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract Why is it that people simultaneously treat social robots as mere designed artefacts, yet show willingness to interact with them as if they were real agents? Here, we argue that Dennett's distinction between the intentional stance and the design stance can help us to resolve this puzzle, allowing us to further our understanding of social robots as interactive depictions.
Treatment of Eosinophilic Annular Erythema With Benralizumab
Authors: Fernando Moro-Bolado, Laura Martínez-Montalvo, Omar Al-Wattar-Ceballos, Pedro Ángel Galindo-Bonilla, Mónica García-Arpa
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2023)

This case report describes an 83-year-old woman with a generalized pruritic eruption comprising annular and polycyclic plaques on the face, neck, trunk, and extremities with changing appearance.
Association of Medication Nonadherence With Increased Risk of Violence to Others Among Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Sagnik Bhattacharyya
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Yang Li, MD; Hong Wen, BS; Chaoxinyu Xiong, MD; Chunying Lin, MD; Xianmei Yang, MD; Dan Wang, MD; Ruoxing Fan, MD; Jun Liu, BS; Xing Zhao, PhD; Yuanyuan Liu, PhD; Xiang Liu, PhD
Outcomes of Nonoperative vs Operative Management of Acute Appendicitis in Older Adults in the US
Authors: Jennie Meier, Audrey Stevens, Archana Bhat, Miles Berger, Courtney Balentine
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Importance Although the incidence of acute appendicitis among adults 65 years and older is high, these patients are underrepresented in randomized clinical trials comparing nonoperative vs operative management of appendicitis; it is unclear whether current trial data can be used to guide treatment in older adults. Objective To compare outcomes following nonoperative vs operative management of appendicitis in older adults and assess whether they differ from results in younger patients. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study used US hospital admissions data from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s National Inpatient Sample from 2004 to 2017. Of 723 889 adult patients with acute uncomplicated appendicitis, 474 845 with known procedure date who survived 24 hours postprocedure and did not have inflammatory bowel disease were included (43 846 who were treated nonoperatively and 430 999 with appendectomy) were included. Data were analyzed from October 2021 to April 2022. Exposures Nonoperative vs operative management. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was incidence of posttreatment complications. Secondary outcomes included mortality, length of stay, and inpatient costs. Differences were estimated using inverse probability weighting of the propensity score with sensitivity analysis to quantify effects of unmeasured confounding. Results The median (IQR) age in the overall cohort was 39 (27-54) years, and 29 948 participants (51.3%) were female. In patients 65 years and older, nonoperative management was associated with a 3.72% decrease in risk of complications (95% CI, 2.99-4.46) and a 1.82% increase in mortality (95% CI, 1.49-2.15) along with increased length of hospitalization and costs. Outcomes in patients younger than 65 years were significantly different than in older adults, with only minor differences between nonoperative and operative management with respect to morbidity and mortality, and smaller differences in length of hospitalization and costs. Morbidity and mortality results were somewhat sensitive to bias from unmeasured confounding. Conclusions and Relevance Nonoperative management was associated with reduced complications in older but not younger patients; however, operative management was associated with reduced mortality, hospital length of stay, and overall costs across all age groups. The different outcomes of nonoperative vs operative management of appendicitis in older and younger adults highlights the need for a randomized clinical trial to determine the best approach for managing appendicitis in older patients.
Interaction Between Frailty and Dementia
Authors: Daniel S. Rubin, Qian-Li Xue
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Worsening Dyspnea and New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in a 79-Year-Old Woman
Authors: Christopher C. Cheung, Edward P. Gerstenfeld
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

This case report discusses a diagnosis of scimitar syndrome in a woman aged 79 years who presented with worsening dyspnea on exertion and new-onset atrial fibrillation.
Modeling the Association of Volume vs Composite Outcome Thresholds With Outcomes and Access to Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in the US
Authors: Adam J. Nelson, Zachary K. Wegermann, Dianne Gallup, Sean O’Brien, Andrzej S. Kosinski, Vinod H. Thourani, Dharam J. Kumbhani, Ajay Kirtane, Joseph Allen, John D. Carroll, David M. Shahian, Nimesh D. Desai, Ralph G. Brindis, Eric D. Peterson, David J. Cohen, Sreekanth Vemulapalli
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Professional societies and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services suggest volume thresholds to ensure quality in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).
Major Cardiovascular Events After Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Hematoma Location
Authors: Nils Jensen Boe, Stine Munk Hald, Mie Micheelsen Jensen, Line Marie Buch Kristensen, Jonas Asgaard Bojsen, Mohammad Talal Elhakim, Anne Clausen, Sören Möller, Jesper Hallas, Luis Alberto García Rodríguez, Magdy Selim, Larry B. Goldstein, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, David Gaist
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Survivors of spontaneous (ie, nontraumatic and with no known structural cause) intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have an increased risk of major cardiovascular events (MACEs), including recurrent ICH, ischemic stroke (IS), and myocardial infarction (MI). Only limited data are available from large, unselected population studies assessing the risk of MACEs according to index hematoma location. Objective To examine the risk of MACEs (ie, the composite of ICH, IS, spontaneous intracranial extra-axial hemorrhage, MI, systemic embolism, or vascular death) after ICH based on ICH location (lobar vs nonlobar). Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study identified 2819 patients in southern Denmark (population of 1.2 million) 50 years or older hospitalized with first-ever spontaneous ICH from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018. Intracerebral hemorrhage was categorized as lobar or nonlobar, and the cohorts were linked to registry data until the end of 2018 to identify the occurrence of MACEs and separately recurrent ICH, IS, and MI. Outcome events were validated using medical records. Associations were adjusted for potential confounders using inverse probability weighting. Exposure Location of ICH (lobar vs nonlobar). Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were MACEs and separately recurrent ICH, IS, and MI. Crude absolute event rates per 100 person-years and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% CIs were calculated. Data were analyzed from February to September 2022. Results Compared with patients with nonlobar ICH (n = 1255; 680 [54.2%] men and 575 [45.8%] women; mean [SD] age, 73.5 [11.4] years), those with lobar ICH (n = 1034; 495 [47.9%] men and 539 [52.1%] women, mean [SD] age, 75.2 [10.7] years) had higher rates of MACEs per 100 person-years (10.84 [95% CI, 9.51-12.37] vs 7.91 [95% CI, 6.93-9.03]; aHR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.10-1.44) and recurrent ICH (3.74 [95% CI, 3.01-4.66] vs 1.24 [95% CI, 0.89-1.73]; aHR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.97-3.49) but not IS (1.45 [95% CI, 1.02-2.06] vs 1.77 [95% CI, 1.34-2.34]; aHR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.60-1.10) or MI (0.42 [95% CI, 0.22-0.81] vs 0.64 [95% CI, 0.40-1.01]; aHR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.38-1.09). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, spontaneous lobar ICH was associated with a higher rate of subsequent MACEs than nonlobar ICH, primarily due to a higher rate of recurrent ICH. This study highlights the importance of secondary ICH prevention strategies in patients with lobar ICH.
Engineering a Two‐Component Hemostat for the Treatment of Internal Bleeding through Wound‐Targeted Crosslinking
Authors: Celestine Hong, Yanpu He, Porter A. Bowen, Angela M. Belcher, Bradley D. Olsen, Paula T. Hammond
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Primary hemostasis (platelet plug formation) and secondary hemostasis (fibrin clot formation) are intertwined processes that occur upon vascular injury. Researchers have sought to target wounds by leveraging cues specific to these processes, such as using peptides that bind activated platelets or fibrin. While these materials have shown success in various injury models, they are commonly designed for the purpose of treating solely primary or secondary hemostasis. In this work, a two-component system consisting of a targeting component (azide/GRGDS PEG-PLGA nanoparticles) and a crosslinking component (multifunctional DBCO) is developed to treat internal bleeding. The system leverages increased injury accumulation to achieve crosslinking above a critical concentration, addressing both primary and secondary hemostasis by amplifying platelet recruitment and mitigating plasminolysis for greater clot stability. Nanoparticle aggregation is measured to validate concentration-dependent crosslinking, while a 1:3 azide/GRGDS ratio is found to increase platelet recruitment, decrease clot degradation in hemodiluted environments, and decrease complement activation. Finally, this approach significantly increases survival relative to the particle-only control in a liver resection model. In light of prior successes with the particle-only system, these results emphasize the potential of this technology in aiding hemostasis and the importance of a holistic approach in engineering new treatments for hemorrhage.
Acknowledging Lack of Inclusion in Genetic Analyses—Reply
Authors: Michael Eriksen Benros, Rosa Lundbye Allesøe, Simon Rasmussen
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
<i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression and chemoresistance by enhancing the secretion of chemotherapy-induced senescence-associated secretory phenotype via activation of DNA damage response pathway
Authors: Jian-Wei Zhang, Dan Zhang, Hai-Sen Yin, Han Zhang, Kun-Qiao Hong, Jing-Ping Yuan, Bao-Ping Yu
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

Senescence frequently occurs in cancer cells in response to chemotherapy (called therapy-induced senescence). Senescent cells can exert paracrine effects through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) promoting cancer recurrence and chemoresistance. The altered gut microbiota has been closely associated with cancer progression through the direct interaction with cancer cells. However, little is known about the relationship between the gut microbiota and therapy-induced senescent cells. This study aimed to explore the impact of the gut microbiota on therapy-induced senescent cells and the SASP. We found that esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells were induced into senescence following platinum-based chemotherapy, accompanied by the secretion of a robust SASP. Furthermore, senescent ESCC cells exerted a tumor-promoting effect through the SASP both in vitro and in vivo. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization, we identified that Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) was abundant in human ESCC cancerous tissues and correlated with poor prognosis in ESCC patients. Notably, F. nucleatum further promoted the secretion of the SASP by senescent ESCC cells. Compared with the conditioned medium from senescent ESCC cells, the conditioned medium from F. nucleatum-treated senescent ESCC cells accelerated tumor growth in xenograft models, enhanced migration and invasion abilities, and potentiated chemoresistance both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, F. nucleatum invaded and survived in senescent ESCC cells and induced an increase in DNA damage to further activate the DNA damage response pathway, thus enhancing the SASP. Altogether, these findings reveal for the first time that F. nucleatum promotes the secretion of chemotherapy-induced SASP to drive ESCC progression and chemoresistance, which supports F. nucleatum as a potential target for ESCC therapy.
Patterns in Location of Death From Firearm Injury in the US
Authors: Lauren L. Agoubi, Ning Duan, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar, Deepika Nehra, Joseph V. Sakran, Frederick P. Rivara
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

This cross-sectional study assesses non–self-inflicted firearm-related deaths occurring at inpatient or outpatient facilities, hospice care, nursing homes, home, or other settings from 1999 to 2021.
The now and future of social robots as depictions
Authors: Bertram F Malle, Xuan Zhao
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract The authors at times propose that robots are mere depictions of social agents (a philosophical claim) and at other times that people conceive of social robots as depictions (an empirical psychological claim). We evaluate each claim's accuracy both now and in the future and, in doing so, we introduce two dangerous misperceptions people have, or will have, about social robots.
Errors in Tables 1 and 2 and in eTables 1 and 3 in the Supplement
Authors: François Carrier, Alexis Turgeon
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Crisanto M. Torres, MD, MPH; Alistair Kent, MD, MPH; Dane Scantling, DO, MPH; Bellal Joseph, MD; Elliott R. Haut, MD, PhD; Joseph V. Sakran, MD, MPH, MPA
Assessment of Neuroanatomical Endophenotypes of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Association With Characteristics of Individuals With Schizophrenia and the General Population
Authors: Gyujoon Hwang, Junhao Wen, Susan Sotardi, Edward S. Brodkin, Ganesh B. Chand, Dominic B. Dwyer, Guray Erus, Jimit Doshi, Pankhuri Singhal, Dhivya Srinivasan, Erdem Varol, Aristeidis Sotiras, Paola Dazzan, Rene S. Kahn, Hugo G. Schnack, Marcus V. Zanetti, Eva Meisenzahl, Geraldo F. Busatto, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Christos Pantelis, Stephen J. Wood, Chuanjun Zhuo, Russell T. Shinohara, Haochang Shou, Yong Fan, Adriana Di Martino, Nikolaos Koutsouleris, Raquel E. Gur, Ruben C. Gur, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Daniel H. Wolf, Christos Davatzikos
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2023)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with significant clinical, neuroanatomical, and genetic heterogeneity that limits precision diagnostics and treatment.