tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Scalp in Health and Disease.
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tropical Medicine, with Special Reference to the West Indies, Central America, Hawaii and the Philippines, Including a General Consideration of Tropical Hygiene.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Variability of Karyotypes and Pigment-Producing Enzymes in a Hamster Melanoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: G. L. Tritsch, N. Takagi, G. E. Moore, A. A. Sandberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

A melanotic melanoma from the Syrian hamster was established in vitro without loss in ability to produce pigment. The enzymes involved in the conversion of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alinine (DOPA) to pigment from homogenates of the melanotic hamster melanoma, of a melanotic cultured cell line derived from this tumor, and of a solid melanotic melanoma elicited by these cultured cells differed with regard to heat stability and the effect of pH on the Michaelis constant (Km) and the maximum velocity (V). Because the data are complex, the plots of pKm and log V versus pH cannot be given their customary interpretation, but clearly none of the breaks in the curves correspond to possible pK′ values for DOPA. The karyotype and mode of 49 chromosomes of cell line A were the same, whether the cells were cultured in suspension or on glass. Line B, from the same source, had a mode of 50–51 chromosomes and a karyotype different from line A. The solid tumor had a mode of 50 chromosomes and a karyotype different from the cultured cells. Occasionally, a cell was found in the solid tumor which had the karyotype of the cultured line A or B. The findings suggest that selection, rather than an alteration in the mechanism which controls the biosynthesis of the enzymes, caused the difference in the enzymes produced in vivo and in vitro.
Urinary Excretion of β-Aminoisobutyrate and Pseudouridine in Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

End products of nucleic acid metabolism including βaminoisobutyrate (β-AIB) and pseudouridine (ψ-Urd) have been considered as potential biochemical markers for cancer. The urinary excretion of both metabolites was investigated in abnormal hematopoietic conditions including 26 patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML)and chronic myeloidleukemia(CML) and was compared to that of 25 healthy controls. β-AIB excretion in CML was directly correlated to the leukocyte count, the indicator of tumor cell mass. β-AIB excretion was elevated in 27 and 75% of untreated AML and CML cases, respectively. Marrow blast cell content tended to correlate positively with ψ-Urd excretion in AML. ψUrd excretion was elevated in 82 and 87% of untreated AML and CML, respectively.Turnover of hematopoietic cells seemed to be a determinant for β-AIB excretion, indicating higher cell turnover in CML patients compared to that in AML patients and in controls. With cytostatic treatment, excretion levels of β-AIB and/or ψ-Urd decreased after a transient rise.
Diphtheria Deaths in the United States, 1959-1970
Authors: Robert S. Munford
Journal: JAMA (1974)

While the number of reported diphtheria cases has dramatically declined, the case-fatality ratio reported for diphtheria in the United States has been approximately 10% (10 deaths/100 cases) for the past 50 years. To identify factors that contribute to the risk of death from diphtheria, we studied cases of nasopharyngeal diphtheria reported to the Center for Disease Control from 1959 to 1970. We found that the relative risk of death was greater for persons involved in small outbreaks, persons with a history of no toxoid inoculation, children (0 to 4 years old), and persons from whom toxigenic<i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</i>was isolated. Our results suggest that major reductions in the case-fatality ratio for diphtheria can be made by earlier clinical diagnosis of the disease and by up-to-date diphtheria toxoid immunization for all persons. (<i>JAMA</i>229:1890-1893, 1974)
Carcinogenesis by Isomers of &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Nitroso-3,5-dimethylpiperidine&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W. Lijinsky, M. D. Reuber, Sandra S. Singer, George M. Singer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

The eis- and trans-isomers of N-nitroso-3,5-dimethylpiperidine were administered separately in drinking water solution to groups of 20 female F344 rats for 50 weeks. The concentrations of the solutions were 0.72 mM for the cis-isomer and 0.14 mM for the trans-isomer. In both groups the animals died with tumors of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, mainly carcinomas of the esophagus, at about the same time. A third group of animals was given a mixture of the two isomers in the ratio of 5 cis:1 trans, and these animals died more rapidly with the same upper Gl tumors. The trans-isomer appeared to be a more potent carcinogen than the cis-isomer. The 3,5-dimethyl derivative is a less potent carcinogen than nitrosopiperidine.
72. Effective Limb Transduction and Phenotypic Correction after Injection of rAAV8-U7 snRNA in GRMD Dogs
Authors: Caroline Le Guiner, Marie Montus, Laurent Servais, Luis Garcia, Yves Fromes, Jean-Yves Hogrel, Pierre Carlier, Yan Cherel, Philippe Moullier, Thomas Voit
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)
Ultrastructure of Lymphoid Tissue From Chicks Infected With Marek's Disease Virus
Authors: Judith A. Frazier
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Ultrastructural studies were made of thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and spleen from maternal antibodynegative (AN) chicks 3–35 days after infection at 1 day of age with Marek's disease herpesvirus. Thymus from antibody-positive (AP) birds was also examined. Initial changes in both AN and AP birds included lymphocyte destruction and regression. At 5–7 days after infection in AN birds, the tissues became infiltrated with large, pale reticulum cells, and degenerating cells and macrophages increased markedly in number. Cells which appeared intermediate between reticulum cells and macrophages were present. Reticulum cells, macrophages, and degenerating cells declined in number at 9 days, and by 11–13 days were rare. Virus particles, usually intranuclear and unenveloped, were seen mainly in reticulum cells, occasionally in lymphocytes, and rarely in epithelial cells. The particles were present from 5 to 9 days after infection, but mainly at 7 days. These changes were markedly reduced in AP birds, and virus particles were absent. From 16–35 days post infection in both AN and AP chicks, lymphocyte numbers increased and some tissues appeared relatively normal in structure. Groups of lymphocytes were sometimes present in unusual sites, and, in tissues from AN birds, virus particles were occasionally seen. In both AN and AP chicks, lymphocytes with nuclear projections were rare up to 13 days post infection and fairly frequent from 16 days. Gonad tumors from AN and AP birds all contained some lymphoid cells with nuclear projections, and virus particles were present in some tumors from AN chicks.
Examining Access to Primary Care for People With Opioid Use Disorder in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Sheryl Spithoff, Lana Mogic, Susan Hum, Rahim Moineddin, Christopher Meaney, Tara Kiran
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance People with opioid use disorder are less likely than others to have a primary care physician. Objective To determine if family physicians are less likely to accept people with opioid use disorder as new patients than people with diabetes. Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized clinical trial used an audit design to survey new patient intake at randomly selected family physicians in Ontario, Canada. Eligible physicians were independent practitioners allowed to prescribe opioids who were located in an office within 50 km of a population center greater than 20 000 people. A patient actor made unannounced telephone calls to family physicians asking for a new patient appointment. The data were analyzed in September 2021. Intervention In the first randomly assigned scenario, the patient actor played a role of patient with diabetes in treatment with an endocrinologist. In the second scenario, the patient actor played a role of a patient with opioid use disorder undergoing methadone treatment with an addiction physician. Main Outcomes and Measures Total offers of a new patient appointment; a secondary analysis compared the proportions of patients offered an appointment stratified by gender, population, model of care, and years in practice. Results Of a total 383 family physicians included in analysis, a greater proportion offered a new patient appointment to a patient with diabetes (21 of 185 physicians [11.4%]) than with opioid use disorder (8 of 198 physicians [4.0%]) (absolute difference, 7.4%; 95% CI, 2.0 to 12.6; P = .007). Physicians with more than 20 years in practice were almost 13 times less likely to offer an appointment to a patient with opioid use disorder compared with diabetes (1 of 108 physicians [0.9%] vs 10 of 84 physicians [11.9%]; absolute difference, 11.0; 95% CI, 3.8 to 18.1; P = .001). Women were almost 5 times less likely (3 of 111 physicians [2.7%] vs 14 of 114 physicians [12.3%]; absolute difference, 9.6%; 95% CI, 2.4 to 16.3; P = .007) to offer an appointment to a patient with opioid use disorder than with diabetes. Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial, family physicians were less likely to offer a new patient appointment to a patient with opioid use disorder compared with a patient with diabetes. Potential health system solutions to this disparity include strengthening policies for accepting new patients, improved compensation, and clinician anti-oppression training. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05484609
Associations of Age at Diagnosis and Duration of Diabetes With Morbidity and Mortality Among Older Adults
Authors: Christine T. Cigolle, Caroline S. Blaum, Chen Lyu, Jinkyung Ha, Mohammed Kabeto, Judy Zhong
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Older adults vary widely in age at diagnosis and duration of type 2 diabetes, but treatment often ignores this heterogeneity.To investigate the associations of diabetes vs no diabetes, age at diagnosis, and diabetes duration with negative health outcomes in people 50 years and older.This cohort study included participants in the 1995 through 2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a population-based, biennial longitudinal health interview survey of older adults in the US. The study sample included adults 50 years or older (n = 36 060) without diabetes at entry. Data were analyzed from June 1, 2021, to July 31, 2022.The presence of diabetes, specifically the age at diabetes diagnosis, was the main exposure of the study. Age at diagnosis was defined as the age when the respondent first reported diabetes. Adults who developed diabetes were classified into 3 age-at-diagnosis groups: 50 to 59 years, 60 to 69 years, and 70 years and older.For each diabetes age-at-diagnosis group, a propensity score-matched control group of respondents who never developed diabetes was constructed. The association of diabetes with the incidence of key outcomes-including heart disease, stroke, disability, cognitive impairment, and all-cause mortality-was estimated and the association of diabetes vs no diabetes among the age-at-diagnosis case and matched control groups was compared.A total of 7739 HRS respondents developed diabetes and were included in the analysis (4267 women [55.1%]; mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 67.4 [9.9] years). The age-at-diagnosis groups included 1866 respondents at 50 to 59 years, 2834 at 60 to 69 years, and 3039 at 70 years or older; 28 321 HRS respondents never developed diabetes. Age at diagnosis of 50 to 59 years was significantly associated with incident heart disease (hazard ratio [HR], 1.66 [95% CI, 1.40-1.96]), stroke (HR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.30-2.07]), disability (HR, 2.08 [95% CI, 1.59-2.72]), cognitive impairment (HR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.05-1.61]), and mortality (HR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.29-1.71]) compared with matched controls, even when accounting for diabetes duration. These associations significantly decreased with advancing age at diagnosis. Respondents with diabetes diagnosed at 70 years or older only showed a significant association with the outcome of elevated mortality (HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.01-1.17]).The findings of this cohort study suggest that age at diabetes diagnosis was differentially associated with outcomes and that younger age groups were at elevated risk of heart disease, stroke, disability, cognitive impairment, and all-cause mortality. These findings reinforce the clinical heterogeneity of diabetes and highlight the importance of improving diabetes management in adults with earlier diagnosis.
Epitweetr: Early warning of public health threats using Twitter data
Authors: Laura Espinosa, Ariana Wijermans, Francisco Orchard, Michael Höhle, Thomas Czernichow, Pietro Coletti, Lisa Hermans, Christel Faes, Esther Kissling, Thomas Mollet
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

Background The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) systematically collates information from sources to rapidly detect early public health threats. The lack of a freely available, customisable and automated early warning tool using data from Twitter prompted the ECDC to develop epitweetr, which collects, geolocates and aggregates tweets generating signals and email alerts. Aim This study aims to compare the performance of epitweetr to manually monitoring tweets for the purpose of early detecting public health threats. Methods We calculated the general and specific positive predictive value (PPV) of signals generated by epitweetr between 19 October and 30 November 2020. Sensitivity, specificity, timeliness and accuracy and performance of tweet geolocation and signal detection algorithms obtained from epitweetr and the manual monitoring of 1,200 tweets were compared. Results The epitweetr geolocation algorithm had an accuracy of 30.1% at national, and 25.9% at subnational levels. The signal detection algorithm had 3.0% general PPV and 74.6% specific PPV. Compared to manual monitoring, epitweetr had greater sensitivity (47.9% and 78.6%, respectively), and reduced PPV (97.9% and 74.6%, respectively). Median validation time difference between 16 common events detected by epitweetr and manual monitoring was -48.6 hours (IQR: −102.8 to −23.7). Conclusion Epitweetr has shown sufficient performance as an early warning tool for public health threats using Twitter data. Since epitweetr is a free, open-source tool with configurable settings and a strong automated component, it is expected to increase in usability and usefulness to public health experts.
The Emperor Is Naked: Replies to commentaries on the target article
Authors: Jelle Bruineberg, Krzysztof Dołęga, Joe Dewhurst, Manuel Baltieri
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract The 35 commentaries cover a wide range of topics and take many different stances on the issues explored by the target article. We have organised our response to the commentaries around three central questions: Are Friston blankets just Pearl blankets? What ontological and metaphysical commitments are implied by the use of Friston blankets? What kind of explanatory work are Friston blankets capable of? We conclude our reply with a short critical reflection on the indiscriminate use of both Markov blankets and the free energy principle.
Biomarkers enable prediction of tacrolimus resistance in patients with severe allergic conjunctivitis
Authors: Naoko Okada, Hiroyuki Yazu, Eisuke Shimizu, Kazumi Fukagawa, Satoshi Nunomura, Hirohisa Saito, Kenji Matsumoto, Atsushi Kawaguchi, Kenji Izuhara, Hiroshi Fujishima
Journal: Allergy (2022)

Appendix S1 Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Boundaries and borders gone! But life goes on
Authors: Kathryn Nave
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract Unlike machines, living systems are distinguished by the continual destruction and regeneration of their boundaries and other components. Stable Markov blankets may be a real feature of the world, or they may be merely a construction of particular models, but they are neither a feature of organisms nor of any model that can capture the necessary conditions of their existence.
Has influenza B/Yamagata become extinct and what implications might this have for quadrivalent influenza vaccines?
Authors: John Paget, Saverio Caini, Marco Del Riccio, Willemijn van Waarden, Adam Meijer
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

While two influenza B virus lineages have co-circulated, B/Yamagata-lineage circulation has not been confirmed since March 2020. The WHO FluNet database indicates that B/Yamagata-lineage detections were reported in 2021 and 2022. However, detections can result from use of quadrivalent live-attenuated vaccines. Of the type B viruses detected post-March 2020, all ascribed to a lineage have been B/Victoria-lineage. There is need for a global effort to detect and lineage-ascribe type B influenza viruses, to assess if B/Yamagata-lineage viruses have become extinct.
Association of Quality of Care With Where Veterans Choose to Get Knee Replacement Surgery
Authors: Nicholas J. Giori, Erin E. Beilstein-Wedel, Michael Shwartz, Alex H. S. Harris, Megan E. Vanneman, Todd H. Wagner, Amy K. Rosen
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance Recent legislation expanded veterans’ access to Veterans Health Administration (VA)-purchased care. Quality should be considered when choosing where to get total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but currently available quality metrics provide little guidance. Objective To determine whether an association exists between the proportion of TKAs performed (vs purchased) at each VA facility and the quality of care provided (as measured by short-term complication rates). Design, Setting, and Participants This 3-year cohort study used VA and community care data (fiscal year 2017 to fiscal year 2019) from the VA’s Corporate Data Warehouse. Complications were defined following the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ methodology. The setting included 140 VA health care facilities performing or purchasing TKAs. Participants included veterans who had 43 371 primary TKA procedures that were either VA-performed or VA-purchased during the study period. Exposures Of the 43 371 primary TKA procedures, 18 964 (43.7%) were VA-purchased. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was risk-standardized short-term complication rates of VA-performed or VA-purchased TKAs. The association between the proportion of TKAs performed at each VA facility and quality of VA-performed and VA-purchased care was examined using a regression model. Subgroups were also identified for facilities that had complication rates above or below the overall mean complication rate and for facilities that performed more or less than half of the facility’s TKAs. Results Among the study sample’s 41 775 veterans who underwent 43 371 TKAs, 38 725 (89.3%) were male, 6406 (14.8%) were Black, 33 211 (76.6%) were White, and 1367 (3.2%) had other race or ethnicity (including American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander); mean (SD) age was 66.9 (8.5) years. VA-performed and VA-purchased TKAs had a mean (SD) raw overall short-term complication rate of 2.97% (0.08%). There was no association between the proportion of TKAs performed in VA facilities and risk-standardized complication rates for VA-performed TKAs, and no association for VA-purchased TKAs. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, surgical quality did not have an association with where veterans had TKA, possibly because meaningful comparative data are lacking. Reporting local and community risk-standardized complication rates may inform veterans’ decisions and improve care. Combining these data with the proportion of TKAs performed at each site could facilitate administrative decisions on where resources should be allocated to improve care.
The risk of reverse zoonotic transmission to pet animals during the current global monkeypox outbreak, United Kingdom, June to mid-September 2022
Authors: Wendi Shepherd, Philippa M Beard, Sharon M Brookes, Andrew Frost, Helen Roberts, Katherine Russell, Steve Wyllie
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

We report results of surveillance between June and mid-September 2022 of pet animals living in households of confirmed human monkeypox (MPX) cases. Since surveillance commenced, 154 animals from 40 households with a confirmed human MPX case were reported to the United Kingdom Animal and Plant Health Agency. No animals with clinical signs of MPX were identified. While a risk of transmission exists to pets from owners with a confirmed MPX virus infection, we assess this risk to be low.
Supporting International Medical Graduates in Rheumatology: A Call to Action
Authors: Ruth Fernandez‐Ruiz, Alí Duarte‐García, Noelle A. Rolle, Sebastian E. Sattui, Didem Saygin, Sharon Dowell, Swetha A. Alexander, Bharat Kumar, Maria I. Danila, Namrata Singh
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2022)

Disclosure Form Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.