tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ancillary Care Obligations of Clinical Trial Investigators in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tara M. Babu, Anna Wald
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:Researcher Obligations to Participants in Novel COVID-19 Vaccine Research DISCLOSURE STATEMENTAW reports a relationship with GSK, Bayer, Aicuris and Heidelberg Therapeutics that includes consulting or advisory.Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Analysis of Devices Authorized by the FDA for Clinical Decision Support in Critical Care
Authors: Jessica T. Lee, Alexander T. Moffett, George Maliha, Zahra Faraji, Genevieve P. Kanter, Gary E. Weissman
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

This case series study examines the clinical evidence cited for US Food and Drug Administration–approved clinical decision support devices for use in the critical care setting.
Causes of Vagally Mediated Paroxysmal Atrioventricular Block
Authors: Laszlo Littmann
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
An essential goal within reach: attaining diversity, equity, and inclusion for the <i>Journal of the National Cancer Institute</i> journals
Authors: K Robin Yabroff, Amanda L Boehm, Leticia M Nogueira, Mark Sherman, Cathy J Bradley, Ya-Chen Tina Shih, Nancy L Keating, Scarlett L Gomez, Matthew P Banegas, Stefan Ambs, Dawn L Hershman, James B Yu, Nadeem Riaz, Martin R Stockler, Ronald C Chen, Eduardo L Franco
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2023)
AI Can Show You the World
Authors: Marieke Bak
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:What Should ChatGPT Mean for Bioethics? DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Kate Crawford (2018). You and AI – the politics of AI. Lecture given at the Royal Society. See: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPopJb5aDyA.2 DALL-E 2 is also showing promise for accelerating and scaling up biomedical research, by creating synthetic datasets to be used in the development of new AI tools. DALL-E 2 has been successfully used to create designs for protein-based drugs and to create realistic x-ray images in radiology. See for instance https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/12/01/1064023/biotech-labs-are-using-ai-inspired-by-dall-e-to-invent-new-drugs/ and https://healthcare-in-europe.com/en/news/ai-image-generator-dall-e-2-radiology.html.3 Concerns are being expressed about how AI-driven dermatology could further exacerbate these existing racial disparities. See: https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2018/08/machine-learning-dermatology-skin-color/567619/4 Patient organisations, such as the Dutch Heart Foundation, have recognised this too and have created publicly accessible maps to show geographical blind spots for defibrillators. See: https://www.hartstichting.nl/help-mee-met-tijd/reanimatie/AEDAdditional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Generative AI and the Foregrounding of Epistemic Injustice in Bioethics
Authors: Calvin Wai-Loon Ho
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:What Should ChatGPT Mean for Bioethics? DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Using Child Abuse Specialists to Reduce Unnecessary Child Protective Services Reports and Investigations
Authors: Mical Raz, Josh Gupta-Kagan, Andrea G. Asnes
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

This Viewpoint informs clinicians of the potential harms of unnecessary reporting of child abuse and highlights the possibility of consulting a child abuse pediatrician prior to reporting in a subset of cases in which the concern for child abuse is low.
Synthetic Cooling Agent and Other Flavor Additives in “Non-Menthol” Cigarettes Marketed in California and Massachusetts After Menthol Cigarette Bans
Authors: Sairam V. Jabba, Hanno C. Erythropel, Paul T. Anastas, Julie B. Zimmerman, Sven E. Jordt
Journal: JAMA (2023)

This study uses a bioassay and chemical analysis to determine the proportion of newly introduced “non-menthol” cigarette brands with sensory cooling effects, cooling agents added, and any other flavor additives after menthol cigarette bans.
Social Value, Beneficial Information, and Obligations to Participants in a Trial of Novel COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Jake Earl, Liza Dawson
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:Researcher Obligations to Participants in Novel COVID-19 Vaccine Research DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Regulatory T cells control <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and disease severity of cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Tej Pratap Singh, Camila Farias Amorim, Victoria M. Lovins, Charles W. Bradley, Lucas P. Carvalho, Edgar M. Carvalho, Elizabeth A. Grice, Phillip Scott
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2023)

Cutaneous leishmaniasis causes alterations in the skin microbiota, leading to pathologic immune responses and delayed healing. However, it is not known how these microbiota-driven immune responses are regulated. Here, we report that depletion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in Staphylococcus aureus–colonized mice resulted in less IL-17 and an IFN-γ–dependent skin inflammation with impaired S. aureus immunity. Similarly, reducing Tregs in S. aureus–colonized and Leishmania braziliensis–infected mice increased IFN-γ, S. aureus, and disease severity. Importantly, analysis of lesions from L. braziliensis patients revealed that low FOXP3 gene expression is associated with high IFNG expression, S. aureus burden, and delayed lesion resolution compared to patients with high FOXP3 expression. Thus, we found a critical role for Tregs in regulating the balance between IL-17 and IFN-γ in the skin, which influences both bacterial burden and disease. These results have clinical ramifications for cutaneous leishmaniasis and other skin diseases associated with a dysregulated microbiome when Tregs are limited or dysfunctional.
Parity modulates impact of BMI and gestational weight gain on gut microbiota in human pregnancy
Authors: Katherine M. Kennedy, Andreas Plagemann, Julia Sommer, Marie Hofmann, Wolfgang Henrich, Jon F.R. Barrett, Michael G. Surette, Stephanie Atkinson, Thorsten Braun, Deborah M. Sloboda
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

Dysregulation of maternal adaptations to pregnancy due to high pre-pregnancy BMI (pBMI) or excess gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with worsened health outcomes for mothers and children. Whether the gut microbiome contributes to these adaptations is unclear. We longitudinally investigated the impact of pBMI and GWG on the pregnant gut microbiome. We show that the gut microbiota of participants with higher pBMI changed less over the course of pregnancy in primiparous but not multiparous participants. This suggests that previous pregnancies may have persistent impacts on maternal adaptations to pregnancy. This ecological memory appears to be passed on to the next generation, as parity modulated the impact of maternal GWG on the infant gut microbiome. This work supports a role of the gut microbiome in maternal adaptations to pregnancy and highlights the need for longitudinal sampling and accounting for parity as key considerations for studies of the microbiome in pregnancy and infants. Understanding how these factors contribute to and shape maternal health is essential for the development of interventions impacting the microbiome, including pre/probiotics.
Informed Consent for Clinician-AI Collaboration and Patient Data Sharing: Substantive, Illusory, or Both
Authors: Charles E. Binkley, Bryan C. Pilkington
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:What Should ChatGPT Mean for Bioethics? DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Implementation of WHO guidelines on urine lateral flow LAM testing in high TB/HIV burden African countries
Authors: Kaila Aguiar Soares, Joanna Ehrlich, Miguel Camará, Souleymane Chaloub, Elom Emeka, Hervé Gildas Gando, Farzana Ismail, Lindiwe Mvusi, Thulani Jele, Benedita José, Botshelo Kgwaadira, Riziki Kisonga, Taye Letta, Aubin Oyongo Liega, Patrick Saili Lungu, Llang Maama, Jocelyn Mahoumbou, Kuzani Mbendera, Jeremiah Ogoro, Daniel Alphonse Désiré Tollo, Charles Sandy, Rufus G. Saye, Jacob Sheehama, Sissy Musala, Didas Tugumisirize, Lucia Carratala, Marta Cossa, Alberto L. Garcia-Basteiro
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2023)

<h3>Tweetable abstract</h3> <b>This study provides an update on the implementation of lateral flow LAM testing in national guidelines and identifies the major barriers that may be preventing widespread use of the test</b>https://bit.ly/44NfxZ3
Venous Thromboembolism After COVID-19 Infection Among People With and Without Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Rabia Khan, M. Ellen Kuenzig, Furong Tang, James H. B. Im, Jessica Widdifield, Jeffrey D. McCurdy, Gilaad G. Kaplan, Eric I. Benchimol
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) and COVID-19 are independently associated with venous thromboembolisms (VTEs). Objective To determine if individuals with IMIDs are at higher risk of VTE following COVID-19 infection compared with individuals without IMIDs. Design, Setting, and Participants Population-based matched cohort study using multiple deterministically linked health administrative databases from Ontario, Canada, and including patients testing positive for COVID-19 between January 1, 2020, and December 30, 2021, and followed up until March 31, 2022. Individuals with IMIDs (n = 28 440) who tested positive for COVID-19 were matched with up to 5 individuals without an IMID (n = 126 437) who tested positive for COVID-19. Matching was based on year of birth, sex, neighborhood income, and rural/urban residence. Data analysis was performed from August 6, 2022, to August 21, 2023. Exposure Diagnosis of an IMID, identified using algorithms based on diagnostic codes, procedures, and specialist visits. Main Outcome and Measure The main outcome was estimated age- and sex-standardized incidence of VTE. Proportional cause-specific hazard models compared the risk of VTE in people with and without IMIDs. Death was a competing risk. Models adjusted for history of VTE, 2 or more doses of a COVID-19 vaccine 14 or more days prior to COVID-19 diagnosis, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Routinely collected health data were used, so the hypothesis tested was formulated after data collection but prior to being granted access to data. Results The study included 28 440 individuals (16 741 [58.9%] female; 11 699 [41.1%] male) with an IMID diagnosed prior to first COVID-19 diagnosis, with a mean (SD) age of 52.1 (18.8) years at COVID-19 diagnosis. These individuals were matched to 126 437 controls without IMIDs. The incidence of VTE within 6 months of COVID-19 diagnosis among 28 440 individuals with an IMID was 2.64 (95% CI, 2.23-3.10) per 100 000 person-days compared with 2.18 (95% CI, 1.99-2.38) per 100 000 person-days among 126 437 matched individuals without IMIDs. The VTE risk was not statistically significantly different among those with vs without IMIDs (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.95-1.32). Conclusions and Relevance In this retrospective population-based cohort study of individuals with IMIDs following COVID-19, individuals with IMIDs did not have a higher risk of VTE compared with individuals without an IMID. These data provide reassurance to clinicians caring for individuals with IMIDs and COVID-19.
Causes of Vagally Mediated Paroxysmal Atrioventricular Block—Reply
Authors: Yi Long
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
The Impact of AUTOGEN and Similar Fine-Tuned Large Language Models on the Integrity of Scholarly Writing
Authors: David B. Resnik, Mohammad Hosseini
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:AUTOGEN: A Personalized Large Language Model for Academic Enhancement—Ethics and Proof of Principle DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 In this commentary, we will limit our remarks to issues that are unique to AUTOGEN and will not address broader issues related to the use of LLMs in research (see Hosseini et al. Citation2023a, Citation2023b). Furthermore, we will focus our criticism on examining the potential outcomes of using AUTOGEN to improve productivity.Additional informationFundingDr. Resnik's contribution to this editorial was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Dr. Hosseini's contribution was supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS, UL1TR001422). The funders have not played a role in the design, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This work does not represent the views of the NIEHS, NCATS, NIH, or US government.
Subclonal Somatic Copy-Number Alterations Emerge and Dominate in Recurrent Osteosarcoma
Authors: Michael D. Kinnaman, Simone Zaccaria, Alvin Makohon-Moore, Brian Arnold, Max F. Levine, Gunes Gundem, Juan E. Arango Ossa, Dominik Glodzik, M. Irene Rodríguez-Sánchez, Nancy Bouvier, Shanita Li, Emily Stockfisch, Marisa Dunigan, Cassidy Cobbs, Umesh K. Bhanot, Daoqi You, Katelyn Mullen, Jerry P. Melchor, Michael V. Ortiz, Tara J. O'Donohue, Emily K. Slotkin, Leonard H. Wexler, Filemon S. Dela Cruz, Meera R. Hameed, Julia L. Glade Bender, William D. Tap, Paul A. Meyers, Elli Papaemmanuil, Andrew L. Kung, Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue
Journal: Cancer Research (2023)

Abstract Multiple large-scale genomic profiling efforts have been undertaken in osteosarcoma to define the genomic drivers of tumorigenesis, therapeutic response, and disease recurrence. The spatial and temporal intratumor heterogeneity could also play a role in promoting tumor growth and treatment resistance. We conducted longitudinal whole-genome sequencing of 37 tumor samples from 8 patients with relapsed or refractory osteosarcoma. Each patient had at least one sample from a primary site and a metastatic or relapse site. Subclonal copy-number alterations were identified in all patients except one. In 5 patients, subclones from the primary tumor emerged and dominated at subsequent relapses. MYC gain/amplification was enriched in the treatment-resistant clones in 6 of 7 patients with multiple clones. Amplifications in other potential driver genes, such as CCNE1, RAD21, VEGFA, and IGF1R, were also observed in the resistant copy-number clones. A chromosomal duplication timing analysis revealed that complex genomic rearrangements typically occurred prior to diagnosis, supporting a macroevolutionary model of evolution, where a large number of genomic aberrations are acquired over a short period of time followed by clonal selection, as opposed to ongoing evolution. A mutational signature analysis of recurrent tumors revealed that homologous repair deficiency (HRD)-related SBS3 increases at each time point in patients with recurrent disease, suggesting that HRD continues to be an active mutagenic process after diagnosis. Overall, by examining the clonal relationships between temporally and spatially separated samples from patients with relapsed/refractory osteosarcoma, this study sheds light on the intratumor heterogeneity and potential drivers of treatment resistance in this disease. Significance: The chemoresistant population in recurrent osteosarcoma is subclonal at diagnosis, emerges at the time of primary resection due to selective pressure from neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and is characterized by unique oncogenic amplifications.
Nonsuperiority of Standard Therapy Compared to Short-Course Therapy in Symptomatic UTIs—Reply
Authors: Nader Shaikh, Alejandro Hoberman
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Combinatorial Effect of Biomaterials and Extracellular Vesicle Therapy for Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies
Authors: Kamal Malhotra, Sophie Van Remortel, Valentina Ly, Darryl R. Davis
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Heart failure, a pervasive global health burden, necessitates innovative therapeutic strategies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising contenders for cardiac repair, owing to their profound influence on fibrosis and inflammation. Merging EVs with biomaterials holds the potential for a synergistic leap in therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we scrutinized the impact of combining EVs with biomaterials in preclinical heart failure models. Fifteen studies, predominantly employing mesenchymal stromal cell-derived EVs along with hyaluronic acid or peptides in coronary ligation models, met our stringent criteria. The amalgamation of EVs and biomaterials consistently enhanced cardiac ejection fraction (1.39; 95% CI: 0.68, 2.11; p = 0.0001) and fractional shortening (1.46, 95% CI: 0.70, 2.22; p = 0.0002) compared to EV monotherapy. Secondary outcomes similarly showcased improvement in the combined treatment group. Although the number of studies analyzed was modest, no indications of publication bias surfaced. In summary, combination therapy with EVs and biomaterials enhanced therapeutic benefit in preclinical heart failure models. The consistent improvement observed across diverse EV sources, biomaterials, and animal models underscores the exciting potential of this synergistic approach. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Errors in Supplement 1
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Nicholas Lintzeris, MBBS, PhD; Anjali Bhardwaj, PhD; Llewellyn Mills, PhD; Adrian Dunlop, MBBS, PhD; Jan Copeland, PhD; Iain McGregor, PhD; Raimondo Bruno, PhD; Jessica Gugusheff, PhD; Nghi Phung, MBBS, PhD; Mark Montebello, PhD; Therese Chan, BPharm; Adrienne Kirby, BSc(Hons); Michelle Hall, GradCertHlthSc; Meryem Jefferies, PhD; Jennifer Luksza, PhD; Marian Shanahan, PhD; Richard Kevin, PhD; David Allsop, PhD; Agonist Replacement for Cannabis Dependence (ARCD) study group
Unlocking the immune microenvironment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated HCC
Authors: Stephanie Ma, Valerie Chew
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

1School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 2State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 3Translational Immunology Institute (TII), SingHealth-DukeNUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore169856, Singapore Correspondence Stephanie Ma, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Email: [email protected] Correspondence Valerie Chew, Translational Immunology Institute (TII), SingHealth-DukeNUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore. Email: [email protected]