tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TNF- downregulates eNOS expression and mitochondrial biogenesis in fat and muscle of obese rodents
Authors: A. Valerio, A. Cardile, V. Cozzi, R. Bracale, L. Tedesco, A. Pisconti, L. Palomba, O. Cantoni, E. Clementi, S. Moncada, M. O. Carruba, E. Nisoli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation.Thus, at metabolically relevant sites, including adipose tissue and muscle, there is abnormal production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α.Here we demonstrate that eNOS expression was reduced, with a concomitant reduction of mitochondrial biogenesis and function, in white and brown adipose tissue and in the soleus muscle of 3 different animal models of obesity.The genetic deletion of TNF receptor 1 in obese mice restored eNOS expression and mitochondrial biogenesis in fat and muscle; this was associated with less body weight gain than in obese wild-type controls.Furthermore, TNF-α downregulated eNOS expression and mitochondrial biogenesis in cultured white and brown adipocytes and muscle satellite cells of mice.The NO donors DETA-NO and SNAP prevented the reduction of mitochondrial biogenesis observed with TNF-α.Our findings demonstrate that TNF-α impairs mitochondrial biogenesis and function in different tissues of obese rodents by downregulating eNOS expression and suggest a novel pathophysiological process that sustains obesity.
Reduction of postoperative mortality and morbidity
Authors: T. J McCulloch
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Routine audit is an ethical requirement of screeningEditor-Cervical screening saves about 1300 lives each year in England and Wales. 1 We regard audit as an essential part of the screening programme and urge health authorities to continue this activity despite recent concerns about using patient information without informed consent.Poor quality screening is ineffective and may do more harm than good.Women screened in the NHS can expect a high quality service in which smears are properly taken and read to a high standard and the results stored to ensure appropriate management.Audit is part of the quality assurance that is integral to the screening that each woman receives.
Iodine in Mother's Milk
Authors: D. C. Postellon, R. Aronow
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Vorherr and co-workers (1981;244:2628) have suggested that vaginal povidone-iodine be avoided in pregnant women owing to a possible adverse effect on fetal thyroid function. We have recently seen a breast-fed infant whose motherwas using this medication, and we would like to stress that nursing mothers should also avoid these preparations. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> The patient is a breast-fed infant, aged 7 1/2 months. His mother had been using a povidone-iodine vaginal gel (Betadine) containing 50 mg of available iodine per 5-g dose, once daily for six days without douching. She stopped use of this preparation owing to anxiety about using any medication while breastfeeding. Two days later, she noted an odor of iodine on her infant and was seen the next day at the poison control center of Children's Hospital of Michigan. Iodine was measured in various body fluids (Table), and breast-feeding was interrupted
Clinical Utility of HIV-IgA Immunoblot Assay in the Early Diagnosis of Perinatal HIV Infection
Authors: Sheldon Landesman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To ascertain the sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and clinical use of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-IgA immunoblot assay for diagnosing perinatal HIV infection in infants tested at birth to 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months of age. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective, longitudinal cohort study of children born to HIVinfected and noninfected women. The HIV-IgA immunoblot assays were performed at birth to 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months of age and compared with the Centers for Disease Control's classification system of HIV infection in the children. Children were followed up for at least 15 months to ensure accuracy of infection status. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Municipal hospital in central Brooklyn, NY, where the prevalence of HIV infection is high. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Serum samples from 58 children, 22 with documented HIV infection, 18 noninfected children born to seropositive women, and 18 children born to noninfected women, were studied. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Diagnosis of HIV infection using the Centers for Disease Control's classification scheme was compared with diagnosis using the HIV-IgA immunoblot assay for children 6 months of age or younger. <h3>Results.</h3> —The HIV-IgA immunoblot assay yielded negative results at 3 and 6 months of age for all 18 infants born to seronegative women; for the 18 seroreverting, noninfected children born to infected women, the assay yielded negative results at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months of age. The positive predictive value of the assay was 100%—no false-positive results were identified in the 88 serum samples obtained from noninfected infants. For the HIV-infected children, sensitivity was a function of age: one (5.9%) of 17 infants had an assay that yielded positive results at birth to 1 month of age, 13 (62%) of 21 infants had assays that yielded positive results at 3 months of age, and 17 (77%) of 22 infants had assays that yielded positive results at 6 months of age. The presence or absence of symptoms did not affect the sensitivity. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —The HIV-IgA immunoblot assay can detect a significant proportion of infected children during an early asymptomatic period of their life. This relatively inexpensive, easily standardized assay may allow for institution of therapy before the onset of clinical symptoms. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:3443-3446)
Righting the Medical Record
Authors: John L. Graner
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his article "Righting the Medical Record,"<sup>1</sup>Dr Donnelly displays a common misunderstanding regarding the methods of the great bedside diagnosticians of the past. He states that "in the past, an accurate diagnosis of a host of maladies... depended heavily on painstaking inquiry and the construction of a... convincing narrative of the patient's symptoms." True enough. Contrasting this with our present situation, however, he states that "nowadays, the HPI [history of present illness] may consist of little more than a chronologic arrangement of events and facts." He then goes on in the same section to decry the fact that our present case histories "neglect, in particular, patients' thoughts and feelings, as well as bodily symptoms." What Dr Donnelly fails to realize is that what the masterful clinicians of the last century are remembered for is their elevation of bedside medicine from the realm of mere "thoughts
Graduate Medical Education
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Adjustment to Visual Loss
Authors: Curtis Margo
Journal: JAMA (1982)

MANY persons handicapped by poor vision do not use services that could be of benefit to them because information about available resources is difficult to obtain. Most of these services are provided by agencies and private organizations outside the medical community, and there is limited knowledge of them among physicians, ophthalmologists included.<sup>1</sup>Partially sighted persons can, however, be given the opportunity to obtain vital services if all physicians acquire this needed information and help disseminate it. Almost 11 million people in the United States suffer from varying degrees of decreased vision that cannot be restored to normal by corrective lenses or surgery. Persons with subnormal vision functionally fall into two categories: those with remaining usable vision (low vision) and those who are blind. The educational objectives for persons with low vision are markedly different than those for the totally blind. Persons with low vision require special education and training
Impact of Cytomegalovirus infection on the outcome of patients with cirrhosis: a preliminary study
Authors: M. Faivre, V. Cottet, J.-B. Bour, C. Richou, S. Valmary-Degano, G. Thiéfin, L. Andreoletti, J.-J. Raabe, H. Barraud, E. Schvoerer, B. Malvé, F. Habersetzer, S. Fafi-Kremer, C. Binquet, J.-L. Jouve, J.-P. Bronowicki, M. Doffoel, P. Hillon, G. Herbein, E. Monnet, V. Di Martino
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2017)
Gastric Emptying Procedures in the Self-Poisoned Patient: Are we Forcing Gastric Content beyond the Pylorus?
Authors: J P Saetta, S March, M E Gaunt, D N Quinton
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1991)

A prospective, randomized, single-blind study was carried out to determine whether gastric content is forced into the small bowel when gastric-emptying procedures are employed in self-poisoned patients. They were asked to swallow barium-impregnated polythene pellets, immediately prior to either gastric lavage or ipecacuanha-induced emesis. A second group of patients, who did not require treatment, were used as controls. Sixty patients were recruited to the study. The data show a significant difference in the number of residual pellets in the small bowel of the treated group (n=40), when compared with the control group (P &lt; 0.0001). There was no statistical difference in the number of pellets in the small bowel when the treated groups were compared with each other. In addition, the inefficiency of gastric-emptying procedures is highlighted; 58.5% of the total number of pellets ingested were retained in the gastrointestinal tract of the ipecacuanha-treated group, while 51.8% of total pellets ingested were retained in the gastric lavage-treated group.
Reversible Neutropenia From Vancomycin
Authors: C. D. R. Borland
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Although ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity are the most feared complications associated with vancomycin hydrochloride,<sup>1</sup>at least seven patients in whom neutropenia developed have been described in the literature (236:1604, 1976).<sup>2-4</sup>Three additional cases have been reported to the Eli Lilly Company (Dr A. F. Crumley, written communication, Penicillin Gand Gentamicin Sulfate Erythromycin and Rifampin 20,000 — 10,000 — Vancomycin Hydrochloride Total WBC Count —Neutrophil Count 10 20 30 40 50 Day of Hospitalization 60 70 80 90 Total WBC and neutrophil counts during hospitalization. 1978). In most of the well-documented cases, the patient was receiving or had recently received other agents that might have caused the neutropenia. We have recently seen a patient whose severe
Transmission of Avian Myeloblastosis by BAI Strain A Virus Ribonucleic Acid&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

High-molecular-weight RNA was isolated from BAI strain A avian leukosis (myeloblastosis) virus by the sodium dodecyl sulfate dithiothreitol technique. Three of five preparations induced infection in synchronized chick embryo cells (CEC) in tissue cultures pretreated with diethylaminoethyl-dextran. In 2 series of studies, virus particles released by the CEC into the culture fluids caused neoplasms typical of the action of BAI strain A virus manifested by myeloblastosis and tumors of the kidney, liver, and ovary when inoculated into newly hatched chickens. Some of the cultures exhibited pronounced CEC morphologic alteration. Virus produced in the altered CEC cultures was infectious for, and caused morphologic changes on, serial passage in fresh CEC, but did not infect or alter bone marrow cells. A third RNA preparation infected CEC but did not alter the cells, though the virus induced tumors in the chickens. Agent liberated by the CEC cultures interfered with Rous sarcoma virus and MC29 virus superinfection and activated RSV nonproducer cells. RNA fractions inducing infection contained no virus particles that could be seen in the electron microscope, and infectivity was abolished by ribonuclease treatment. Protein content of the RNA preparations was less than 6% which was 406-fold less than that in intact virus particles as demonstrated by use of double labeling.
Rubella in Mother and Congenital Cataracts in Child
Authors: Morris Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A prospective study of virus diseases occurring in pregnant women from 1957 to 1964 and a concurrent survey of hospital records revealed a fourfold increase in the number of cases of congenital cataracts following the widespread epidemic of 1964, as compared to the incidence in previous years in which no epidemic of rubella occurred. This increase was related to a greater number of cases of rubella in pregnant women and to a higher rate of occurrence of cataracts among the offspring of those mothers affected within the first eight weeks of gestation. The increased risk that congenital cataracts would occur suggests that there may have been an alteration in the capacity of the rubella virus in 1964 to injure human fetal lens tissue. Preliminary findings on the occurrence of congenital heart disease suggest that the incidence of other major defects in offspring of women who contracted rubella during pregnancy in a year in which a severe epidemic occurred may also rise.
Partnership with patients
Authors: O. P Bleker
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Partnership with patientsTreat patients as you would like to be treated yourselfEditor-Patients today are different from patients in the past.Well informed patients want your knowledge, your listening, your analysis, your opinion, but not your decision.Luckily, you need not be the all-knowing doctor of the past.You discuss and reflect and you enable patients to reach a decision on how to face the future.The atmosphere of the consultation should be calm, gentle, and respectful.If possible, meet patients in the waiting room and invite them into your room.In general, you should encourage them to bring a partner or friend.The discussion may be serious, and at home the partner or friend might help in reconsidering the content of the consultation.Be aware that patients lose their autonomy when visiting a doctor.One of your duties is to try to restore that autonomy.Always apologise if you are late and therefore in a hurry.If you have not read the notes explain that you have not been able to read the medical notes yet.You will find that then a small miracle happens: patients will not be dissatisfied but will help you to discover why they are visiting you.Patients have waited for you.The art of consultation is to devote all your time and attention to them and nothing else.In general, don't take bleepers with you and don't answer telephone calls.If a bleeper goes off, a telephone call comes through, or someone storms into your room, always ask patients for their permission to deal with these intrusions and promise to make it very short.The time of the consultation is the patients, not yours.Generally, it is not wise to reach a diagnosis, offer treatment, and come to a decision in the one consultation.Patients need time for reflection and discussion at home.Consultations are an important part of medical practice.Treat patients as you would like to be treated yourself.Be honest and respectful and make this contact with them a pleasure.
THE AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION.
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
On Ingestion of Razor Blades
Authors: Wilbur E. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I have observed an interesting phenomenon which occurred since the two recent descriptions of razor blade ingestion (<b>206</b>: 1582, 1968) (<b>207</b>:1719, 1969). A 25-year-old male prisoner, under my care, ingested a whole double-edge safety razor blade after wrapping it in paper. An abdominal flat plate confirmed this, unequivocally. Daily x-ray films were obtained. On the sixth day, we were amazed to note that the blade had very definitely been broken in half. The two halves remained in close apposition to each other during the remainder of their journey through the bowel and were passed together, with no difficulty, in a bowel movement two days later. Two previous stools were positive for occult blood, but the hematocrit reading remained stable and close observation revealed no other intraabdominal signs or symptoms during this episode. This same inmate has ingested broken razor blades "10 or 12 times" over the
AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION.
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cyclosporine may inhibit mouse lymphoma growth
Authors: Terra Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A new immunologic model for the induction and persistence of leukemia or lymphoma in mice may change classification, differential diagnosis, and therapy for certain animal and human leukemias and lymphomas. What's more, contends James N. Ihle, PhD, of the Litton Bionetics-National Cancer Institute's Frederick Cancer Research Facility in Frederick, Md, cyclosporine conceivably may play a role in therapy. Ihle, who discussed his work at the recent international symposium of the International Association for Comparative Research on Leukemia and Related Diseases in Cambridge, England, believes he has found a specific lymphokine—a regulatory protein secreted by lymphocytes—necessary for the formation, growth, and survival of lymphomas in a strain (BALB/c) of mice. Not only do the malignant cells carry receptors for this lymphokine, but their growth is dependent on its presence. The lymphokine is interleukin 3 (IL-3), one of many lymphokines produced when helper T cells are stimulated by (among other things) antigens on the
Asbestos-Like Fibers in Duluth Water Supply
Authors: Thomas J. Masson
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Asbestos-like fibers in industrial waste first entered the water supply of Duluth in 1955. In the next 14 years, no carcinogenic effect was apparent in the patterns of cancer mortality among persons of all ages, nor among children. The period of observation is short relative to the latent period for occupationally induced carcinogenesis from asbestos. (<i>JAMA</i>228:1019-1020, 1974)
Discontinuance of Routine Smallpox Vaccination
Authors: Arthur C. Huntley
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I should like to record one small plea for conservatism in the matter of smallpox vaccinations and their discontinuance. May I respond, point by point, to the five areas covered by your editorial discussion. First, that smallpox is a rare disease in civilized countries, I am sure no one will disagree. Second, that it is "not as infectious" may be also true, or at least subject to proof. It must be remembered however that its reputation was gained prior to the time when vaccination was universal. If it is not as infectious now, is this so because of a change in the virus, or because of universal vaccination? Third, I would question if perhaps smallpox, effectively controlled by vaccinating close contacts, may not in reality be controlled by revaccination of close contacts. Fourth, it is stated that the "status of immunity is poor." Is this true in
Serum Antibodies to Legionella pneumophila in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Sheila Moriber Katz
Journal: JAMA (1982)

We studied the prevalence of serum antibodies to<i>Legionella pneumophila</i>in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) by indirect immunofluorescence. Thirty-two (29.4%) of 109 patients with CF had a titer of 1:256 or higher, the level presumptive of previous infection, compared with (1) three (11.5%) of 26 patients without CF but with chronic suppurative bronchitis of childhood, (2) three (1.7%) of 178 age-matched persons without pulmonary disease, (3) zero of 22 parents and normal siblings, and (4) zero of 113 adult patients with chronic pulmonary diseases. (Addition of patients with CF who had a titer of 1:128 or higher would raise the prevalence of serum antibodies to<i>L pneumophila</i>in patients with CF to 43.2%.) Fifteen of 32 patients with CF who had antibody titers of 1:256 or higher to<i>L pneumophila</i>(46.9%) had titers of 1:1,024 or higher. Using a standard scoring system, the clinical condition of patients with CF who exhibited antibodies to<i>L pneumophila</i>was worse than that of patients with CF who lacked antibodies to<i>L pneumophila</i>. We conclude that patients who suffer from CF exhibit a high prevalence of antibodies to<i>L pneumophila</i>by the conventional indirect immunofluorescent test. The clinical importance of this single epidemiologic observation awaits further clarification. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:2284-2288)