tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The global impact of household contact management for children on multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis cases, deaths, and health-system costs in 2019: a modelling study
Authors: Peter J Dodd, Nyashadzaishe Mafirakureva, James A Seddon, Christopher F McQuaid
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2022)

BackgroundEstimates suggest that at least 30 000 children develop multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis each year. Despite household contact management (HCM) being widely recommended, it is rarely done.MethodsWe used mathematical modelling to evaluate the potential country-level and global effects and cost-effectiveness of multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis HCM for children younger than 15 years who are living with a person with newly diagnosed multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. We compared a baseline of no HCM with several HCM strategies and tuberculosis preventive therapy regimens, calculating the effect on multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis cases, deaths, and health-system costs. All HCM strategies involved the screening of children for prevalent tuberculosis disease but with tuberculosis preventive therapy either not given or targeted dependent on age, HIV status, and result of tuberculin skin test. We evaluated the use of fluoroquinolones (ie, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin), delamanid, and bedaquiline as tuberculosis preventive therapy.FindingsCompared with a baseline without HCM, HCM for all adults diagnosed with multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in 2019 would have entailed screening 227 000 children (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 205 000–252 000) younger than 15 years globally, and averted 2350 tuberculosis deaths (1940–2790), costing an additional US$63 million (74–95 million). If all the children within the household who had been in contact with the person with multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis received tuberculosis preventive therapy with levofloxacin, 5620 incident tuberculosis cases (95% UI 4540–6890) and an additional 1240 deaths (970–1540) would have been prevented. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were lower than half of per-capita gross domestic product for most interventions in most countries. Targeting only children younger than 5 years and those living with HIV reduced the number of incident cases and deaths averted, but improved cost-effectiveness. Tuberculosis preventive therapy with delamanid increased the effect, in terms of reduced incidence and mortality, compared with levofloxacin.InterpretationHCM for patients with multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis is cost-effective in most settings and could avert a substantial proportion of multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis cases and deaths in children globally.FundingUK Medical Research Council.
Coupling of Inflammation and Microcalcification in the Pathogenesis of Prostate Calculi
Authors: Peter Sang Uk Park, Navpreet Khurana, Thomas J. Werner, Poul F. Høilund-Carlsen, Abass Alavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Prostatic calculi are common and usually asymptomatic calcified stones frequently found incidentally in imaging or during the evaluation of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Those associated with chronic prostatitis can lead to bacterial colonization, inflammation, and blockage of secretory ducts, resulting in pelvic pain and lower urinary tract symptoms. Although PET tracers such as 18 F-NaF and 18 F-FDG have been used to assess metastatic and benign bone disorders, their comparative avidity in the domain of extraosseous and prostate calcification remains to be fully explored. We present incidentally detected bilateral prostatic calcification in an asymptomatic 42-year-old man exhibiting coavidity of 18 F-NaF and 18 F-FDG, highlighting the molecular coupling of inflammation and microcalcification in the pathogenesis of prostate calculi.
An open‐label, multicenter, efficacy, and safety study of deferasirox in iron‐overloaded patients with non‐transfusion‐dependent thalassemia (<scp>THETIS</scp>): 5‐year results
Authors: Yong‐Rong Lai, Maria Domenica Cappellini, Yesim Aydinok, John Porter, Zeynep Karakas, Vip Viprakasit, Noppadol Siritanaratkul, Antonis Kattamis, Rongrong Liu, Miguel Izquierdo, Janet Lasher, Sameera Govindaraju, Ali Taher
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2022)
Lumping versus splitting: How to approach defining a disease to enable accurate genomic curation
Authors: Courtney Thaxton, Jennifer Goldstein, Marina DiStefano, Kathleen Wallace, P. Dane Witmer, Melissa A. Haendel, Ada Hamosh, Heidi L. Rehm, Jonathan S. Berg
Journal: Cell Genomics (2022)

The dilemma of how to categorize and classify diseases has been debated for centuries. The field of medical genetics has historically approached nosology based on clinical phenotypes observed in patients and families. Advances in genomic sequencing and understanding of genetic contributions to disease often provoke a need to reassess these classifications. The Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) has developed frameworks to classify the strength of evidence underlying monogenic gene-disease relationships, variant pathogenicity, and clinical actionability. It is therefore necessary to define the disease entity being evaluated, which can be challenging for genes associated with multiple conditions and/or a broad phenotypic spectrum. We therefore developed criteria to guide "lumping and splitting" decisions and improve consistency in defining monogenic gene-disease relationships. Here, we outline the precuration process, the lumping and splitting guidelines with examples, and describe the implications for clinical diagnosis, informatics, and care management.
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer, Version 3.2022, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Authors: David S. Ettinger, Douglas E. Wood, Dara L. Aisner, Wallace Akerley, Jessica R. Bauman, Ankit Bharat, Debora S. Bruno, Joe Y. Chang, Lucian R. Chirieac, Thomas A. D’Amico, Malcolm DeCamp, Thomas J. Dilling, Jonathan Dowell, Scott Gettinger, Travis E. Grotz, Matthew A. Gubens, Aparna Hegde, Rudy P. Lackner, Michael Lanuti, Jules Lin, Billy W. Loo, Christine M. Lovly, Fabien Maldonado, Erminia Massarelli, Daniel Morgensztern, Thomas Ng, Gregory A. Otterson, Jose M. Pacheco, Sandip P. Patel, Gregory J. Riely, Jonathan Riess, Steven E. Schild, Theresa A. Shapiro, Aditi P. Singh, James Stevenson, Alda Tam, Tawee Tanvetyanon, Jane Yanagawa, Stephen C. Yang, Edwin Yau, Kristina Gregory, Miranda Hughes
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022)

NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) provide recommended management for patients with NSCLC, including diagnosis, primary treatment, surveillance for relapse, and subsequent treatment. Patients with metastatic lung cancer who are eligible for targeted therapies or immunotherapies are now surviving longer. This selection from the NCCN Guidelines for NSCLC focuses on targeted therapies for patients with metastatic NSCLC and actionable mutations.
The call for ecological validity is right but missing perceptual idiosyncrasies is wrong
Authors: Jennie Qu-Lee, Emily Balcetis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract Although psychology has long professed that perception predicts action, the strength of the evidence supporting the statement depends on the ecological validity of the technologies and paradigms used, particularly those that track eye movements, supporting Cesario's argument. While right to call for ecological validity, Cesario's model fails to account for individual differences in visual experience perceivers have when presented with the same stimulus.
Real-Time and Remote MCMC Trace Inspection with Beastiary
Authors: Wytamma Wirth, Sebastian Duchene
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2022)

Abstract Bayesian phylogenetics has gained substantial popularity in the last decade, with most implementations relying on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). The computational demands of MCMC mean that remote servers are increasingly used. We present Beastiary, a package for real-time and remote inspection of log files generated by MCMC analyses. Beastiary is an easily deployed web-app that can be used to summarize and visualize the output of many popular software packages including BEAST, BEAST2, RevBayes, and MrBayes via a web browser. We describe the design and implementation of Beastiary and some typical use-cases, with a focus on real-time remote monitoring.
Clinical trial transparency in gastrointestinal endoscopy research
Authors: Shashank Garg, Anam Rizvi, Diana Wee, Youshaw Rizvi, Fatima Rizvi, Anza Rizvi, Sheila Louise Thomas, Sumant Inamdar, Arvind J. Trindade
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Under-reporting of clinical trial results can lead to negative consequences that include inhibiting propagation of knowledge, limiting the understanding of how devices work, affecting conclusions of meta-analyses, and failing to acknowledge patient participation. Therefore clinical trial transparency, through publication of trial results on ClinicalTrials.gov or in manuscript form, is important. We aimed to examine clinical trial transparency in endoscopic clinical trials.The ClinicalTrials.gov database was searched for endoscopy trials up to October 2019. Adherence to the reporting of results to the database or in publication form was recorded for each trial.The final analysis included 923 trials, of which 801 were completed and 122 were either terminated or suspended. Results were available either on ClinicalTrials.gov or in publication for 751/923 trials (81.4 %). Other fields have reported a publication rate of 40 %-63 %. Results were available on ClinicalTrials.gov for 168 trials (18.2 %) and in the form of a publication for 720 trails (78.0 %).Compared with other fields in medicine, endoscopy clinical trials have a high rate of clinical trial transparency. However, there is room for improvements as close to one-fifth of trials fail to report results and 81.8 % do not report results to ClinicalTrials.gov.
Hepato‐splenic abscesses in a sickle cell disease patient
Authors: Ophélie Le Monnier, Laure Joseph, Sylvain Bodard, Idris Boudhabhay
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2022)

A 30-year-old woman was admitted to our unit for fever associated with bilateral basothoracic pain. She had a history of sickle cell disease (SCD) with SS genotype complicated with several severe organ damages. She was treated under a transfusion program complicated by secondary hemochromatosis with hepatic iron overload (Figure 1A) (treated with DEFERASIROX). Hydroxyurea was disrupted when she developed the end-stage renal disease in 2016. She underwent kidney transplantation in 2017 but returned to hemodialysis in January 2021 because of allograft rejection. We maintained a low dose of corticosteroids to avoid toxic rejection. Upon arrival, the patient's vital signs were a temperature of 39.4°C, blood pressure of 113/70 mmHg, heart rate of 112/bpm, and oxygen saturation of 100% on 1 L/min supplementation. The hypochondrium was bilaterally painful on palpation and the pulmonary exam was normal. Biological exams found an inflammatory syndrome (white blood cell count of 30.2 g/L, C-reactive protein of 312 mg/L, and platelet count of 803 g/L) and anicteric cholestasis (GGT 215 U/L and PAL 383 U/L) without cytolysis. Injected thoracoabdominopelvic scanner revealed numerous hepatosplenic abscesses (Figure 1B). Blood culture was positive for Yersinia enterocolitica. The dialysis catheter was removed, and the culture was negative. Colonoscopy performed three months later was normal. Prolonged treatment (3 months) with ceftriaxone allowed complete regression of the lesions (Figure 1C). Yersiniosis symptoms are usually mild but can be severe in immunocompromised patients. In this case, sustained immunosuppressive therapy to avoid allograft rejection has probably favored the dissemination of the infection. Iron overload, which is frequently encountered in SCD transfused patients, is an important risk factor for infection with Y. enterocolitica.1 These gram-negative bacteria have some virulence factors, including an iron uptake system encoded in the high pathogenicity island that promotes their dissemination.2 Deferoxamine administration predisposes to this infection by acting as a siderophore and stimulating Yersinia growth.3 Their preferential location is the hepatosplenic system. Treatment is prolonged and based on an antibiotic with good diffusion into the liver's parenchyma. The duration of treatment is guided by repeated CT scans to document the disappearance of abscesses. The portal of entry is not always found but must be sought by performing a colonoscopy to rule out a digestive origin. This case underscores the risk of severe sepsis due to iron-avid organisms in patients with SCD who have secondary hemochromatosis. Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
Home energy efficiency under net zero: time to monitor UK indoor air
Authors: Giorgos Petrou, Emma Hutchinson, Anna Mavrogianni, James Milner, Helen Macintyre, Revati Phalkey, Shih-Che Hsu, Phil Symonds, Michael Davies, Paul Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Giorgos Petrou and colleagues argue for systematic large scale monitoring of indoor air to avoid unintended harms to health from home energy efficiency programmesThe urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the probable consequences of failing to do so are well established. 1 In response, several countries have pledged to reach net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. 2 Achieving this target requires action in all sectors, including housing, which contributed a fifth of UK carbon dioxide emissions in 2020. 3 The
Chemoradiotherapy in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: 10-yr Follow-up of the Phase 3 Randomised Controlled BC2001 Trial
Authors: Emma Hall, Syed A. Hussain, Nuria Porta, Rebecca Lewis, Malcolm Crundwell, Peter Jenkins, Christine Rawlings, Jean Tremlett, Thiagarajan Sreenivasan, Jan Wallace, Isabel Syndikus, Denise Sheehan, Anna Lydon, Robert Huddart, Nicholas James
Journal: European Urology (2022)

BC2001, the largest randomised trial of bladder-sparing treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), demonstrated improvement in locoregional control by adding fluorouracil and mitomycin C to radiotherapy (James ND, Hussain SA, Hall E, et al. Radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1477-88). There are limited data on long-term recurrence risk.
Camrelizumab plus famitinib for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma after platinum-based therapy: data from a multicohort phase 2 study
Authors: Yuan-Yuan Qu, Zhongquan Sun, Weiqing Han, Qing Zou, Nianzeng Xing, Hong Luo, Xuepei Zhang, Chaohong He, Xiao-Jie Bian, Jinling Cai, Chunxia Chen, Quanren Wang, Ding-Wei Ye
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Background Dual blockade of immune checkpoint and angiogenesis is an effective strategy for multiple cancers. Camrelizumab is a monoclonal antibody against PD-1, and famitinib is a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antiangiogenesis and antiproliferation activities against tumor cells. We conducted an open-label, multicenter phase 2 basket study of camrelizumab and famitinib in eight cohorts of genitourinary or gynecological cancers. Here, findings in cohort of advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma with platinum-progressive disease (cohort 2) are presented. Methods Patients who had progressed after platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced or metastatic disease or had progressed within 12 months after completion of platinum-based (neo)adjuvant therapy were given camrelizumab (200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks) plus famitinib (20 mg orally once daily). Primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. Results Totally, 36 patients were recruited. With a median duration from enrollment to data cut-off of 11.9 months (range 6.1–28.5), ORR was 30.6% (95% CI 16.3% to 48.1%). Median duration of response (DoR) was 6.3 months (95% CI 2.1 to not reached). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.1 months (95% CI 2.2 to 8.2), and median overall survival (OS) was 12.9 months (95% CI 8.8 to not reached). Patients with bladder cancer (n=18) had numerically better outcomes, with an ORR of 38.9% (95% CI 17.3% to 64.3%) and a median PFS of 8.3 months (95% CI 4.1 to not reached). Median DoR and OS in this subpopulation had not been reached with lower limit of 95% CI of 4.2 months for DoR and 11.3 months for OS, respectively. Of 36 patients, 22 (61.1%) had grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events, mainly decreased platelet count and hypertension. Conclusions Camrelizumab plus famitinib showed potent antitumor activity in advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma patients after platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients with bladder cancer seemed to have better response to this combination. Trial registration number NCT03827837 .
Effective post-pandemic governance must focus on shared challenges
Authors: Anne Williamson, Rebecca Forman, Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat, Robert Battista, Francesca Colombo, Amanda Glassman, Josep Figueras Marimont, Beata Javorcik, Jim O'Neill, Alistair McGuire, Martin McKee, Mario Monti, Gus O'Donnell, Clare Wenham, Robert Yates, Sally Davies, Elias Mossialos
Journal: The Lancet (2022)
A Novel Framework for the Next Generation of Precision Oncology Targets
Authors: Christopher T. Chen, James M. Ford
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Dual antimicrobial-loaded biodegradable nanoemulsions for synergistic treatment of wound biofilms
Authors: Ahmed Nabawy, Jessa Marie Makabenta, Suzannah Schmidt-Malan, Jungmi Park, Cheng-Hsuan Li, Rui Huang, Stefano Fedeli, Aritra Nath Chattopadhyay, Robin Patel, Vincent M. Rotello
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2022)
Daratumumab in first-line therapy is cost-effective in transplant-eligible patients with newly diagnosed myeloma
Authors: Chihiro Yamamoto, Daisuke Minakata, Shunsuke Koyama, Kaoru Sekiguchi, Yuta Fukui, Rui Murahashi, Hirotomo Nakashima, Sae Matsuoka, Takashi Ikeda, Shin-ichiro Kawaguchi, Yumiko Toda, Shoko Ito, Takashi Nagayama, Kento Umino, Hirofumi Nakano, Kaoru Morita, Ryoko Yamasaki, Masahiro Ashizawa, Masuzu Ueda, Kaoru Hatano, Kazuya Sato, Ken Ohmine, Shin-ichiro Fujiwara, Yoshinobu Kanda
Journal: Blood (2022)
Modified endoscopic vacuum therapy for duodenal hemorrhage in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Authors: Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura, Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux de Moura, Bruno Salomão Hirsch, Gustavo L. Rodela Silva, Stéphanie I. Rizk, Paulo M. Hoff, Ludhmila A. Hajjar
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is eventually needed in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [1]. Hemorrhage is a frequent complication in these patients, including gastrointestinal bleeding, mainly caused by increased inflammatory state, hyperfibrinolysis, coagulopathy, platelet dysfunction, endotheliitis, anticoagulant use, thrombocytopenia, and the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation non-pulsatile blood flow [2] [3]. The duodenum is the most affected organ, probably due to the higher exposure to biliopancreatic secretion associated with reduction in gastrointestinal motility and perfusion ([Fig. 1]). In most cases, there is diffuse bleeding usually refractory to conventional endoscopic hemostatic therapies. Therefore, we present the first reports of a novel mechanism-based therapy for these critically ill patients. Such therapy is based on the use of endoscopic vacuum therapy that promotes deformation at the cytoskeletal level, exudate control, increased angiogenesis, and reduces aggressive mucosal factors such as gastric and biliopancreatic secretions [4] [5]. Thus, it treats vascular fragility associated with endotheliitis that is associated with gastrointestinal bleeding in these patients ([Fig. 2]). A modified endoscopic vacuum therapy using a triple-lumen tube to allow for nutrition and drainage with a single tube through the nares is used, as previously described ([Fig. 3], [Fig. 4]) [5].
Routine Surveillance and Vaccination on a University Campus During the Spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant
Authors: Genevive R. Meredith, Diego G. Diel, Peter I. Frazier, Shane G. Henderson, Gary A. Koretzky, Jiayue Wan, Lorin D. Warnick
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)
Ecological impact of endoscopic dilatation using the bougie cap device: a low-tech innovation to reduce waste by 99 %
Authors: Clara Yzet, Mariana Figueiredo, Claire Michoud, Pierre Lafeuille, Jérôme Rivory, Mathieu Pioche
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Endoscopic dilatation for esophageal stenosis is an invasive and repetitive procedure. Different modalities exist (balloon dilatation, bougie dilatation) with similar efficacy [1], but their different ecological impact should be considered during endoscopic procedures [2] [3]. We report the technique of dilatation using the bougie cap (Ovesco, Tuebingen) that could have an impact on reducing waste during this kind of procedure.
Safety and activity of an engineered, liver-tropic adeno-associated virus vector expressing a hyperactive Padua factor IX administered with prophylactic glucocorticoids in patients with haemophilia B: a single-centre, single-arm, phase 1, pilot trial
Authors: Feng Xue, Huiyuan Li, Xia Wu, Wei Liu, Feixu Zhang, Dingyue Tang, Yunfei Chen, Wentian Wang, Ying Chi, Jing Zheng, Zengmin Du, Wei Jiang, Chen Zhong, Jun Wei, Ping Zhu, Rongfeng Fu, Xiaofan Liu, Lingling Chen, Xiaolei Pei, Junjiang Sun, Tao Cheng, Renchi Yang, Xiao Xiao, Lei Zhang
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2022)