tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surface Functional Modification by Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<i><sub>x</sub></i> MXene on PLLA Nanofibers for Optimizing Neural Stem Cell Engineering (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 25/2023)
Authors: Yi‐Dan Zhu, Xi‐Ying Ma, Lin‐Peng Li, Quan‐Jun Yang, Fei Jin, Zheng‐Nong Chen, Cui‐Ping Wu, Hai‐Bo Shi, Zhang‐Qi Feng, Shan‐Kai Yin, Chun‐Yan Li
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Neural Stem Cell Engineering The cover features Ti3C2Tx MXene's surface modulation and its positive effects on PLLA nanofiber properties including enhanced conductivity and increased oxygen-containing groups. As demonstrated by Zhang-Qi Feng, Shan-Kai Yin, Chun-Yan Li, and co-workers in article 2300731, MXene facilitates neural stem cells' differentiation into neurons and astrocytes, while the synergistic interaction with aligned PLLA nanofibers enhances neuron maturation and guides cell growth.
Dual Photo‐Enhanced Interpenetrating Network Hydrogel with Biophysical and Biochemical Signals for Infected Bone Defect Healing (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 25/2023)
Authors: Guangyu Jian, Dize Li, Qiwei Ying, Xu Chen, Qiming Zhai, Si Wang, Li Mei, Richard D. Cannon, Ping Ji, Wenzhao Liu, Huanan Wang, Tao Chen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)
A Synopsis of the Evidence for the Science and Clinical Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Chiadi E. Ndumele, Ian J. Neeland, Katherine R. Tuttle, Sheryl L. Chow, Roy O. Mathew, Sadiya S. Khan, Josef Coresh, Carissa M. Baker-Smith, Mercedes R. Carnethon, Jean-Pierre Després, Jennifer E. Ho, Joshua J. Joseph, Walter N. Kernan, Amit Khera, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Carolyn L. Lekavich, Eldrin F. Lewis, Kevin B. Lo, Bige Ozkan, Latha P. Palaniappan, Sonali S. Patel, Michael J. Pencina, Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley, Laurence S. Sperling, Salim S. Virani, Jackson T. Wright, Radhika Rajgopal Singh, Mitchell S.V. Elkind, Janani Rangaswami
Journal: Circulation (2023)

A growing appreciation of the pathophysiological interrelatedness of metabolic risk factors such as obesity and diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease has led to the conceptualization of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome. The confluence of metabolic risk factors and chronic kidney disease within cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome is strongly linked to risk for adverse cardiovascular and kidney outcomes. In addition, there are unique management considerations for individuals with established cardiovascular disease and coexisting metabolic risk factors, chronic kidney disease, or both. An extensive body of literature supports our scientific understanding of, and approach to, prevention and management for individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome. However, there are critical gaps in knowledge related to cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome in terms of mechanisms of disease development, heterogeneity within clinical phenotypes, interplay between social determinants of health and biological risk factors, and accurate assessments of disease incidence in the context of competing risks. There are also key limitations in the data supporting the clinical care for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome, particularly in terms of early-life prevention, screening for risk factors, interdisciplinary care models, optimal strategies for supporting lifestyle modification and weight loss, targeting of emerging cardioprotective and kidney-protective therapies, management of patients with both cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease, and the impact of systematically assessing and addressing social determinants of health. This scientific statement uses a crosswalk of major guidelines, in addition to a review of the scientific literature, to summarize the evidence and fundamental gaps related to the science, screening, prevention, and management of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.
Supramolecular self-assembly of EGCG-selenomethionine nanodrug for treating osteoarthritis
Authors: Haichao Yu, Zelong Song, Jie Yu, Boyuan Ren, Yuan Dong, Yonggang You, Zhen Zhang, Chengqi Jia, Yunpeng Zhao, Xuhui Zhou, Haifeng Sun, Xuesong Zhang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2023)

Osteoarthritis (OA) has emerged as a significant health concern among the elderly population, with increasing attention paid to ferroptosis-induced OA in recent years. However, the prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids can lead to a series of side effects and limited therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to employ the Mannich condensation reaction between epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and selenomethionine (SeMet) to efficiently synthesize polyphenol-based nanodrugs in aqueous media for treating OA. Molecular biology experiments demonstrated that EGCG-based nanodrugs (ES NDs) could effectively reduce glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inactivation, abnormal Fe2+ accumulation, and lipid peroxidation induced by oxidative stress, which ameliorated the metabolic disorder of chondrocytes and other multiple pathological processes triggered by ferroptosis. Moreover, imaging and histopathological analysis of the destabilization of the medial meniscus model in mice confirmed that ES NDs exhibiting significant therapeutic effects in relieving OA. The intra-articular delivery of ES NDs represents a promising approach for treating OA and other joint inflammatory diseases.
Health Care Staff Turnover and Quality of Care at Nursing Homes
Authors: Karen Shen, Brian E. McGarry, Ashvin D. Gandhi
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Importance Turnover in health care staff may disrupt patient care and create operational and organizational challenges, and nursing home staff turnover rates are particularly high. Empirical evidence on the association between turnover and quality of care is limited and has typically relied on low-quality measures of turnover, small and selected samples of facilities, and comparisons across facilities that are highly susceptible to residual confounding. Objective To quantify the association between nursing home staff turnover and quality of care using within-facility variation over time in reliable turnover measures available for virtually all US nursing homes. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cross-sectional study, data from the Centers for Medicare &amp;amp;amp; Medicaid Services on health inspection citations and quality measures at US nursing homes were combined with turnover measures constructed from daily staffing payroll data for quarter 2 of 2017 (April 1 to June 30) to quarter 4 of 2019 (October 1 to December 31), covering 1.06 billion shifts for 7.48 million employment relationships at 15 869 facilities. A 2-way fixed-effects design was used to estimate the association between staff turnover (direct care nursing staff and administrators) and quality-of-care outcomes based on how the same facility performed differently in times of low and high turnover. Data analysis was performed from September 2022 to August 2023. Exposures Facility turnover, defined as the share of hours worked in a period by staff hired within the last 90 days. Main Outcomes and Measures Number, type, scope, and severity of health inspection citations, overall health inspection scores, and Nursing Home Compare quality measures. Results The study sample included 1.45 million facility-weeks between April 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019, corresponding to 13 826 unique facilities. During an average facility-week, 15.0% of nursing staff and 11.6% of administrators were new hires due to recent turnover. After both administrator turnover and the overall staffing level were controlled for, an additional 10 percentage points in nursing staff turnover in the 2 weeks before a health inspection was associated with an additional 0.241 (95% CI, 0.084-0.399) citations in that inspection, compared with a mean of 5.98 citations. An additional 10 percentage points in nursing staff turnover was associated with a mean decrease of 0.035 (95% CI, 0.023-0.047) SDs in assessment-based quality measures and 0.020 (95% CI, 0.001-0.038) SDs in claims-based quality measures, with the strongest associations found for measures related to patient functioning. Conclusions and Relevance Within-facility variation in staff turnover was associated with decreased quality of care. These findings suggest that efforts to monitor and reduce staff turnover may be able to improve patient outcomes.
The Artificial Third: Utilizing ChatGPT in Mental Health
Authors: Amir Tal, Zohar Elyoseph, Yuval Haber, Tal Angert, Tamar Gur, Tomer Simon, Oren Asman
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:What Should ChatGPT Mean for Bioethics? DISCLOSURE STATEMENTThe Author TS is the Chief Scientist of R&D at Microsoft Israel. The views and opinions expressed here are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy of position of Microsoft. The author received no financial compensation for his contribution to this work.Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Large Language Models and Inclusivity in Bioethics Scholarship
Authors: Sumeeta Varma
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:AUTOGEN: A Personalized Large Language Model for Academic Enhancement—Ethics and Proof of Principle ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis manuscript was written with the assistance of ChatGPT Plus (GPT-4 model) by OpenAI. ChatGPT was used to generate draft language for key paragraphs based on a detailed outline created by the author. Multiple versions were generated and the author actively selected, combined, and revised elements from each for inclusion in the final manuscript. ChatGPT was also used to suggest revisions for style, tone, and adherence to genre conventions. No sentence of the final manuscript was generated verbatim by ChatGPT; every word or sentence generated by ChatGPT was altered, actively and intentionally selected by the author for inclusion in the final manuscript. The author takes full responsibility for the content of the final manuscript.DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Large Language Models and Biorisk
Authors: William D’Alessandro, Harry R. Lloyd, Nathaniel Sharadin
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1 DeepMind's AlphaFold is perhaps the clearest-cut case of accelerated research. For an overview, see Jumper et al (Citation2021).Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Differences in Health Professionals’ Engagement With Electronic Health Records Based on Inpatient Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Chao Yan, Xinmeng Zhang, Yuyang Yang, Kaidi Kang, Martin C. Were, Peter Embí, Mayur B. Patel, Bradley A. Malin, Abel N. Kho, You Chen
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance US health professionals devote a large amount of effort to engaging with patients’ electronic health records (EHRs) to deliver care. It is unknown whether patients with different racial and ethnic backgrounds receive equal EHR engagement. Objective To investigate whether there are differences in the level of health professionals’ EHR engagement for hospitalized patients according to race or ethnicity during inpatient care. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study analyzed EHR access log data from 2 major medical institutions, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) and Northwestern Medicine (NW Medicine), over a 3-year period from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020. The study included all adult patients (aged ≥18 years) who were discharged alive after hospitalization for at least 24 hours. The data were analyzed between August 15, 2022, and March 15, 2023. Exposures The actions of health professionals in each patient’s EHR were based on EHR access log data. Covariates included patients’ demographic information, socioeconomic characteristics, and comorbidities. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the quantity of EHR engagement, as defined by the average number of EHR actions performed by health professionals within a patient’s EHR per hour during the patient’s hospital stay. Proportional odds logistic regression was applied based on outcome quartiles. Results A total of 243 416 adult patients were included from VUMC (mean [SD] age, 51.7 [19.2] years; 54.9% female and 45.1% male; 14.8% Black, 4.9% Hispanic, 77.7% White, and 2.6% other races and ethnicities) and NW Medicine (mean [SD] age, 52.8 [20.6] years; 65.2% female and 34.8% male; 11.7% Black, 12.1% Hispanic, 69.2% White, and 7.0% other races and ethnicities). When combining Black, Hispanic, or other race and ethnicity patients into 1 group, these patients were significantly less likely to receive a higher amount of EHR engagement compared with White patients (adjusted odds ratios, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.83-0.88; P &amp;amp;lt; .001] for VUMC and 0.90 [95% CI, 0.88-0.92; P &amp;amp;lt; .001] for NW Medicine). However, a reduction in this difference was observed from 2018 to 2020. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of inpatient EHR engagement, the findings highlight differences in how health professionals distribute their efforts to patients’ EHRs, as well as a method to measure these differences. Further investigations are needed to determine whether and how EHR engagement differences are correlated with health care outcomes.
China’s New Regulations on Generative AI: Implications for Bioethics
Authors: Li Du, Kalina Kamenova
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:What Should ChatGPT Mean for Bioethics? DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the University of Macau Li Du – Multi-Year Research Grant (No. 2020-00096).
Comprehensive Single-Cell Immune Profiling Defines the Patient Multiple Myeloma Microenvironment Following Oncolytic Virus Therapy in a Phase Ib Trial
Authors: Steffan T. Nawrocki, Julian Olea, Claudia Villa Celi, Homa Dadrastoussi, Kaijin Wu, Denice Tsao-Wei, Anthony Colombo, Matt Coffey, Eduardo Fernandez Hernandez, Xuelian Chen, Gerard J. Nuovo, Jennifer S. Carew, Ann F. Mohrbacher, Paul Fields, Peter Kuhn, Imran Siddiqi, Akil Merchant, Kevin R. Kelly
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

Abstract Purpose: Our preclinical studies showed that the oncolytic reovirus formulation pelareorep (PELA) has significant immunomodulatory anti-myeloma activity. We conducted an investigator-initiated clinical trial to evaluate PELA in combination with dexamethasone (Dex) and bortezomib (BZ) and define the tumor immune microenvironment (TiME) in patients with multiple myeloma treated with this regimen. Patients and Methods: Patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (n = 14) were enrolled in a phase Ib clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02514382) of three escalating PELA doses administered on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16. Patients received 40 mg Dex and 1.5 mg/m2 BZ on Days 1, 8, and 15. Cycles were repeated every 28 days. Pre- and posttreatment bone marrow specimens (IHC, n = 9; imaging mass cytometry, n = 6) and peripheral blood samples were collected for analysis (flow cytometry, n = 5; T-cell receptor clonality, n = 7; cytokine assay, n = 7). Results: PELA/BZ/Dex was well-tolerated in all patients. Treatment-emergent toxicities were transient, and no dose-limiting toxicities occurred. Six (55%) of 11 response-evaluable patients showed decreased paraprotein. Treatment increased T and natural killer cell activation, inflammatory cytokine release, and programmed death-ligand 1 expression in bone marrow. Compared with nonresponders, responders had higher reovirus protein levels, increased cytotoxic T-cell infiltration posttreatment, cytotoxic T cells in significantly closer proximity to multiple myeloma cells, and larger populations of a novel immune-primed multiple myeloma phenotype (CD138+ IDO1+HLA-ABCHigh), indicating immunomodulation. Conclusions: PELA/BZ/Dex is well-tolerated and associated with anti–multiple myeloma activity in a subset of responding patients, characterized by immune reprogramming and TiME changes, warranting further investigation of PELA as an immunomodulator.
Researcher Obligations to Participants in Novel COVID-19 Vaccine Research
Authors: Benjamin S. Wilfond, Devan M. Duenas, Liza-Marie Johnson
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

"Researcher Obligations to Participants in Novel COVID-19 Vaccine Research." The American Journal of Bioethics, 23(10), pp. 119–120This article is referred to by:Social Value, Beneficial Information, and Obligations to Participants in a Trial of Novel COVID-19 VaccinesClinicians Doing Research Should Use Their Clinical Expertise to Help Study ParticipantsAncillary Care Obligations of Clinical Trial Investigators in the COVID-19 PandemicEthical Vaccine Recommendations in the Context of Tenuous Data: Honesty is the Best Policy DISCLOSURE STATEMENTLiza-Marie Johnson and Benjamin S. Wilfond are the co-editors and Devan M. Duenas is the managing editor.Additional informationFundingResearch reported in this publication was supported by the Institute of Translational Health Sciences, funded by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under award number UL1TR002319. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association
Authors: Chiadi E. Ndumele, Janani Rangaswami, Sheryl L. Chow, Ian J. Neeland, Katherine R. Tuttle, Sadiya S. Khan, Josef Coresh, Roy O. Mathew, Carissa M. Baker-Smith, Mercedes R. Carnethon, Jean-Pierre Despres, Jennifer E. Ho, Joshua J. Joseph, Walter N. Kernan, Amit Khera, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Carolyn L. Lekavich, Eldrin F. Lewis, Kevin B. Lo, Bige Ozkan, Latha P. Palaniappan, Sonali S. Patel, Michael J. Pencina, Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley, Laurence S. Sperling, Salim S. Virani, Jackson T. Wright, Radhika Rajgopal Singh, Mitchell S.V. Elkind
Journal: Circulation (2023)

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health reflects the interplay among metabolic risk factors, chronic kidney disease, and the cardiovascular system and has profound impacts on morbidity and mortality. There are multisystem consequences of poor cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health, with the most significant clinical impact being the high associated incidence of cardiovascular disease events and cardiovascular mortality. There is a high prevalence of poor cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health in the population, with a disproportionate burden seen among those with adverse social determinants of health. However, there is also a growing number of therapeutic options that favorably affect metabolic risk factors, kidney function, or both that also have cardioprotective effects. To improve cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health and related outcomes in the population, there is a critical need for (1) more clarity on the definition of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome; (2) an approach to cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic staging that promotes prevention across the life course; (3) prediction algorithms that include the exposures and outcomes most relevant to cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health; and (4) strategies for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease in relation to cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health that reflect harmonization across major subspecialty guidelines and emerging scientific evidence. It is also critical to incorporate considerations of social determinants of health into care models for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and to reduce care fragmentation by facilitating approaches for patient-centered interdisciplinary care. This presidential advisory provides guidance on the definition, staging, prediction paradigms, and holistic approaches to care for patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and details a multicomponent vision for effectively and equitably enhancing cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health in the population.
Depressive Symptoms and Mortality Among US Adults
Authors: Zefeng Zhang, Sandra L. Jackson, Cathleen Gillespie, Robert Merritt, Quanhe Yang
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Depression is a common mental health disorder in the US. Depressive symptoms have been associated with increased cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality, but studies have largely focused on narrow population subgroups.To examine the association between depressive symptoms and mortality in a large, diverse, nationally representative sample of US adults, and to examine how lifestyle factors mediate this association.This was a prospective cohort study of a nationally representative sample of US adults using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 to 2018 data linked with the National Death Index through 2019 for adults aged 20 years and older. Data were analyzed between March 1 and May 26, 2023.All-cause, cardiovascular disease, and ischemic heart disease mortality. Depressive symptoms were defined by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores and were categorized as none or minimal, mild, and moderate to severe. Secondarily, we assessed degree of mediation by lifestyle factors.A total of 23 694 participants were included (unweighted n = 11 862 male [weighted 49.8%]; mean [SE] age, 44.7 [0.24] years). Prevalences of mild and moderate to severe depression were 14.9% and 7.2%, respectively. For all-cause mortality, hazard ratios were 1.35 (95% CI, 1.07-1.72) for mild depressive symptoms vs none and 1.62 (95% CI, 1.24-2.12) for moderate to severe depressive symptoms vs none. The corresponding hazard ratios were 1.49 (95% CI, 1.11-2.00) and 1.79 (95% CI, 1.22-2.62) for cardiovascular disease mortality and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.58-1.60) and 2.21 (95% CI, 1.24-3.91) for ischemic heart disease mortality. The associations were largely consistent across subgroups. Approximately 11.0% to 16.1% of the associations between depression and mortality could be explained by lifestyle factors. Feeling tired or having little energy, poor appetite or overeating, and having little interest in doing things were independently associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality but not with ischemic heart disease mortality.In this prospective cohort study of a nationally representative sample of US adults, there was a graded positive association between depressive symptoms and mortality. Public health efforts to improve awareness and treatment of depression and associated risk factors could support a comprehensive, nationwide strategy to reduce the burden of depression.
Generative AI and Ethical Analysis
Authors: John McMillan
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:What Should ChatGPT Mean for Bioethics?Ethics Education for Healthcare Professionals in the Era of ChatGPT and Other Large Language Models: Do We Still Need It?AUTOGEN: A Personalized Large Language Model for Academic Enhancement—Ethics and Proof of Principle DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.