tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of State-Level Firearm-Related Deaths With Firearm Laws in Neighboring States
Authors: Ye Liu, Michael Siegel, Bisakha Sen
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance Firearms are easily transported over state borders; hence permissive firearm laws in one state may have an interstate association with firearm-related deaths in nearby states. Objectives To examine whether certain firearm laws have an interstate association with firearm-related deaths in nearby states. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional observational study used data on state firearm-related deaths in the 48 contiguous states of the US between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019. A spatial autoregressive model with fixed effects for state and year was used to evaluate within-state, interstate, and overall associations between firearm laws and firearm-related deaths. Analyses were performed during January 2022. Exposures The following 9 types of laws were evaluated: universal background checks for all firearms purchase, background checks for handgun sales at gun shows, license requirement to purchase all firearms, state dealer license requirement for handgun sales, requirement of retaining records of handgun sales, ban on purchasing a handgun on behalf of another, prohibition of firearm possession by persons who committed violent misdemeanors, required relinquishment of firearms for persons becoming prohibited from possessing them, and discretion in granting a concealed carry permit. Main Outcomes and Measures State-level total firearm-related death rates, suicide rates, and homicide rates. Results In sum, the study period included 662 883 firearm-related deaths of all intents. License requirement for firearm purchase had a within-state association (effect size, −1.79 [95% CI, −2.73 to −0.84]), interstate association (effect size, −10.60 [95% CI, −17.63 to −3.56]), and overall association (effect size, −12.38 [95% CI, −19.93 to −4.83]) per 100 000 population decrease in total firearm-related deaths. This law also had within-state association (effect size, −1.26 [95% CI, −1.72 to −0.80]), interstate association (effect size, −9.01 [95% CI, −15.00 to −3.02]), and overall association (effect size, −10.27 [95% CI, −16.53 to −4.01]) per 100 000 population decrease in firearm-related homicide. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this pooled cross-sectional analysis suggest that certain firearm laws in one state were associated with other states’ firearm-related deaths. Synergic legislative action in adjacent states, federal firearm legislation, and measures that reduce migration of firearms across state borders should be part of the overarching strategy to prevent firearm-related deaths.
Assessment of Psychosocial Programs to Prevent Sexual Violence During Adolescence
Authors: Antonio Piolanti, Ernest N. Jouriles, Heather M. Foran
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance Sexual violence is a public health problem that affects adolescents globally. To our knowledge, no meta-analysis of prevention programs for adolescent sexual violence has been conducted. Objective To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of psychosocial programs for preventing sexual violence during adolescence. Data Sources Peer-reviewed articles published in English were searched in PsycINFO, ERIC, PsycArticles, PubMed, and Web of Science databases through December 2021. Study Selection Studies were included if they were randomized clinical trials assessing the efficacy of a psychosocial prevention program targeting sexual violence and delivered to adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. Data Extraction and Synthesis Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to identify studies. The quality of individual studies was assessed with the Revised Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. A random-effects model was used to pool odds ratios (ORs). Exploratory subgroup and metaregression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between moderators and effect sizes. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were perpetration of sexual violence, experience of sexual violence, and a composite measure of any perpetration or experience of sexual violence. Results Data were analyzed from 20 trials involving 37 294 adolescents. Compared with control conditions, prevention programs were associated with a significant reduction in the perpetration (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73-0.95; P = .005) and experience (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78-0.98; P = .02) of sexual violence, as well as a 13% significant reduction of any sexual violence (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78-0.97; P = .009). Exploratory analyses of the combination of program setting and participant age indicated that programs that were delivered in school settings and targeted at adolescents aged 15 to 19 years yielded significantly larger effect sizes (Cochran Q = 4.8; P = .03) compared with programs that were either delivered outside of a school setting or targeted younger adolescents. Quality assessment of trials revealed concerns of risk of bias across several included studies. Conclusions and Relevance In this meta-analysis, evidence suggested that prevention programs were associated with reducing adolescent sexual violence, especially when implemented at school with older adolescents. However, there is need for additional high-quality research. Prevention of adolescent sexual violence remains understudied compared with other similarly important public health prevention targets.
Outcomes From Intraoperative Handovers of Anesthesia Care—Reply
Authors: Melanie Meersch, Daniel I. Sessler, Alexander Zarbock
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Resident Selection
Authors: Daryl Turner, Murtaza Akhter
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cancer statistics for<scp>A</scp>merican<scp>I</scp>ndian and<scp>A</scp>laska<scp>N</scp>ative individuals, 2022: Including increasing disparities in early onset colorectal cancer
Authors: Tyler B. Kratzer, Ahmedin Jemal, Kimberly D. Miller, Sarah Nash, Charles Wiggins, Diana Redwood, Robert Smith, Rebecca L. Siegel
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2022)

Abstract American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) individuals are diverse culturally and geographically but share a high prevalence of chronic illness, largely because of obstacles to high‐quality health care. The authors comprehensively examined cancer incidence and mortality among non‐Hispanic AIAN individuals, compared with non‐Hispanic White individuals for context, using population‐based data from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Overall cancer rates among AIAN individuals were 2% higher than among White individuals for incidence (2014 through 2018, confined to Purchased/Referred Care Delivery Area counties to reduce racial misclassification) but 18% higher for mortality (2015 through 2019). However, disparities varied widely by cancer type and geographic region. For example, breast and prostate cancer mortality rates are 8% and 31% higher, respectively, in AIAN individuals than in White individuals despite lower incidence and the availability of early detection tests for these cancers. The burden among AIAN individuals is highest for infection‐related cancers (liver, stomach, and cervix), for kidney cancer, and for colorectal cancer among indigenous Alaskans (91.3 vs. 35.5 cases per 100,000 for White Alaskans), who have the highest rates in the world. Steep increases for early onset colorectal cancer, from 18.8 cases per 100,000 Native Alaskans aged 20–49 years during 1998 through 2002 to 34.8 cases per 100,000 during 2014 through 2018, exacerbated this disparity. Death rates for infection‐related cancers (liver, stomach, and cervix), as well as kidney cancer, were approximately two‐fold higher among AIAN individuals compared with White individuals. These findings highlight the need for more effective strategies to reduce the prevalence of chronic oncogenic infections and improve access to high‐quality cancer screening and treatment for AIAN individuals. Mitigating the disparate burden will require expanded financial support of tribal health care as well as increased collaboration and engagement with this marginalized population.
Multidimensional Cell-Free DNA Fragmentomic Assay for Detection of Early-Stage Lung Cancer
Authors: Siwei Wang, Fanchen Meng, Ming Li, Hua Bao, Xin Chen, Meng Zhu, Rui Liu, Xiuxiu Xu, Shanshan Yang, Xue Wu, Yang Shao, Lin Xu, Rong Yin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

Rationale: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis holds promise for early detection of lung cancer and benefits patients with higher survival. However, the detection sensitivity of previous cfDNA-based studies was still low to suffice for clinical use, especially for early-stage tumors. Objectives: Establish an accurate and affordable approach for early-stage lung cancer detection by integrating cfDNA fragmentomics and machine learning models. Methods: This study included 350 participants without cancer and 432 participants with cancer. The participants' plasma cfDNA samples were profiled by whole-genome sequencing. Multiple cfDNA features and machine learning models were compared in the training cohort to achieve an optimal model. Model performance was evaluated in three validation cohorts. Measurements and Main Results: A stacked ensemble model integrating five cfDNA features and five machine learning algorithms constructed in the training cohort (cancer: 113; healthy: 113) outperformed all the models built on individual feature-algorithm combinations. This integrated model yielded superior sensitivities of 91.4% at 95.7% specificity for cohort validation I (area under the curve [AUC], 0.984), 84.7% at 98.6% specificity for validation II (AUC, 0.987), and 92.5% at 94.2% specificity for additional validation (AUC, 0.974), respectively. The model's high performance remained consistent when sequencing depth was down to 0.5× (AUC, 0.966-0.971). Furthermore, our model is sensitive to identifying early pathological features (83.2% sensitivity for stage I, 85.0% sensitivity for <1 cm tumor at the 0.66 cutoff). Conclusions: We have established a stacked ensemble model using cfDNA fragmentomics features and achieved superior sensitivity for detecting early-stage lung cancer, which could promote early diagnosis and benefit more patients.
Second COVID-19 Booster Increases Protection for Nursing Home Patients
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Khitam Muhsen, PhD; Nimrod Maimon, MD; Amiel Yaron Mizrahi, MSc; Boris Boltyansky, MSc; Omri Bodenheimer, MSc; Zafrira Hillel Diamant, MPA; Lea Gaon, MSc; Dani Cohen, PhD; Ron Dagan, MD
Association Between Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction and Fracture Risk
Authors: Natalie R. Daya, Anna Fretz, Seth S. Martin, Pamela L. Lutsey, Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui, Elizabeth Selvin, Stephen P. Juraschek
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance Clinical hyperthyroidism accelerates bone resorption without compensatory bone formation, reducing bone density and increasing the risk of fracture. The association between subclinical hyperthyroidism and fracture risk is less clear. Objective To investigate the association of endogenous subclinical thyroid dysfunction and fracture risk, independent of clinical confounders. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included 10 946 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study of community-dwelling individuals conducted from 1987-1989 through December 31, 2019, in Washington County, Maryland; Forsyth County, North Carolina; Jackson, Mississippi; and the suburbs of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Participants were not taking thyroid medications and had no history of fractures. Exposures Thyrotropin and free thyroxine levels were measured at visit 2 (1990-1992). Subclinical hyperthyroidism was defined as a thyrotropin level lower than 0.56 mIU/L, subclinical hypothyroidism as a thyrotropin level higher than 5.1 mIU/L, and euthyroidism as a thyrotropin level of 0.56 to 5.1 mIU/L, with normal free thyroxine levels from 0.85 to 1.4 ng/dL. Main Outcomes and Measures Incident fracture was ascertained using hospitalization discharge codes through 2019 and linkage to inpatient and outpatient Medicare claims through 2018. Results Of 10 946 participants (54.3% women; mean [SD] age, 57 [5.7] years), 93.0% had euthyroidism, 2.6% had subclinical hyperthyroidism, and 4.4% had subclinical hypothyroidism. During a median follow-up of 21 years (IQR, 13.0-27.3 years), there were 3556 incident fractures (167.1 per 10 000 person-years). The adjusted hazard ratios of fracture were 1.34 (95% CI, 1.09-1.65) for those with subclinical hyperthyroidism and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.77-1.05) for those with subclinical hypothyroidism compared with individuals with euthyroidism. Among those with normal free thyroxine levels, thyrotropin levels in the lower-than-normal range were significantly associated with higher fracture-related hospitalization risk; fracture risk was greater among individuals with thyrotropin concentrations below 0.56 mIU/L. Conclusions and Relevance This community-based cohort study suggests that subclinical hyperthyroidism was an independent risk factor associated with fracture. The increased risk for fracture among individuals with a thyrotropin level lower than 0.56 mIU/L highlights a potential role for more aggressive screening and monitoring of patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism to prevent bone mineral disease.
JONS JACOB BERZELIUS (1779-1848)
Authors: 琢 植村
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Natural killer cells in clinical development as non-engineered, engineered, and combination therapies
Authors: Nina Lamers-Kok, Denise Panella, Anna-Maria Georgoudaki, Haiping Liu, Didem Özkazanc, Lucia Kučerová, Adil Doganay Duru, Jan Spanholtz, Monica Raimo
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2022)

Natural killer (NK) cells are unique immune effectors able to kill cancer cells by direct recognition of surface ligands, without prior sensitization. Allogeneic NK transfer is a highly valuable treatment option for cancer and has recently emerged with hundreds of clinical trials paving the way to finally achieve market authorization. Advantages of NK cell therapies include the use of allogenic cell sources, off-the-shelf availability, and no risk of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Allogeneic NK cell therapies have reached the clinical stage as ex vivo expanded and differentiated non-engineered cells, as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered or CD16-engineered products, or as combination therapies with antibodies, priming agents, and other drugs. This review summarizes the recent clinical status of allogeneic NK cell-based therapies for the treatment of hematological and solid tumors, discussing the main characteristics of the different cell sources used for NK product development, their use in cell manufacturing processes, the engineering methods and strategies adopted for genetically modified products, and the chosen approaches for combination therapies. A comparative analysis between NK-based non-engineered, engineered, and combination therapies is presented, examining the choices made by product developers regarding the NK cell source and the targeted tumor indications, for both solid and hematological cancers. Clinical trial outcomes are discussed and, when available, assessed in comparison with preclinical data. Regulatory challenges for product approval are reviewed, highlighting the lack of specificity of requirements and standardization between products. Additionally, the competitive landscape and business field is presented. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the effort driven by biotech and pharmaceutical companies and by academic centers to bring NK cell therapies to pivotal clinical trial stages and to market authorization.
Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: Robert M. Carey, Andrew E. Moran, Paul K. Whelton
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Importance Hypertension, defined as persistent systolic blood pressure (SBP) at least 130 mm Hg or diastolic BP (DBP) at least 80 mm Hg, affects approximately 116 million adults in the US and more than 1 billion adults worldwide. Hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke) and death. Observations First-line therapy for hypertension is lifestyle modification, including weight loss, healthy dietary pattern that includes low sodium and high potassium intake, physical activity, and moderation or elimination of alcohol consumption. The BP-lowering effects of individual lifestyle components are partially additive and enhance the efficacy of pharmacologic therapy. The decision to initiate antihypertensive medication should be based on the level of BP and the presence of high atherosclerotic CVD risk. First-line drug therapy for hypertension consists of a thiazide or thiazidelike diuretic such as hydrochlorothiazide or chlorthalidone, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker such as enalapril or candesartan, and a calcium channel blocker such as amlodipine and should be titrated according to office and home SBP/DBP levels to achieve in most people an SBP/DBP target (&amp;amp;lt;130/80 mm Hg for adults &amp;amp;lt;65 years and SBP &amp;amp;lt;130 mm Hg in adults ≥65 years). Randomized clinical trials have established the efficacy of BP lowering to reduce the risk of CVD morbidity and mortality. An SBP reduction of 10 mm Hg decreases risk of CVD events by approximately 20% to 30%. Despite the benefits of BP control, only 44% of US adults with hypertension have their SBP/DBP controlled to less than 140/90 mm Hg. Conclusions and Relevance Hypertension affects approximately 116 million adults in the US and more than 1 billion adults worldwide and is a leading cause of CVD morbidity and mortality. First-line therapy for hypertension is lifestyle modification, consisting of weight loss, dietary sodium reduction and potassium supplementation, healthy dietary pattern, physical activity, and limited alcohol consumption. When drug therapy is required, first-line therapies are thiazide or thiazidelike diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers.
Advisory Board and Contents
Authors: Hayat Mahdjoub, Bea Maas, Martin Nuñez, Rassim Khelifa, Gianluca Piovesan, Charles Cannon, Jiajia Liu, Sergi Munné-Bosch, K Burns, Jason Low, Jordan Rosenfeld, Pedro Gonzalez-Espinosa, Lauren Jarvis, Eva Enders, Matthew Bayly, Andrew Paul, Laura Macpherson, Jonathan Moore, Michael Sullivan, Marta Ulaski, Kyle Wilson, Zhongmin Hu, Vasilis Dakos, Max Rietkerk, Peter Lidsky, Raul Andino, Dov Sax, Martin Schlaepfer, Julian Olden, Anna Vinton, Samuel Gascoigne, Irem Sepil, Roberto Salguero-Gómez, Andrea Stephens, Danielle Loughlin, Fred Kop, Patrick Scheffmann, Sally Archibald, Göran Arnqvist, Ragan Callaway, Stephen Carpenter, James Clark, Rachel Collin, Isabelle Côté, Douglas Erwin, Tadashi Fukami, Stephen Jackson, Anna Liisa, Laine Lanfear, William Laurance, Baoguo Li, Akira Mori, Samir Okasha, Sarah Otto, Natalia Harguindeguy, Nathalie Pettorelli, Rebecca Safran, William Sutherland, Maren Wellenreuther, Boris Worm
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2022)
Abstract 12268: Reliability and Interobserver Concordance of Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Right Ventricular Size and Systolic Function - A Quality Control Exercise
Authors: Lee F Ling, Thomas Cook, Deborah Kwon, L. Leonardo Rodriguez, Zoran Popovic, Allan L Klein, Richard Grimm, James D Thomas, Thomas H Marwick
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Aims: RV size (RVS) and systolic function (RVSF) are important in a number of conditions but their assessment is challenging by echo. We sought the reliability and interobserver concordance of RV e...
AChE as a spark in the Alzheimer’s blaze – Antagonizing effect of a cyclized variant
Authors: Tapan Behl, Ishnoor Kaur, Aayush Sehgal, Sukhbir Singh, Neelam Sharma, Sumeet Gupta, Mohammed Albratty, Asim Najmi, Hassan A. Alhazmi, Simona Bungau
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2022)