tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Manipulating Physicochemical Properties of Biosensor Platform with Polysuccinimide‐Silica Nanocomposite for Enhanced Protein Detection
Authors: Rabi Ibrahim Saleh, Suntae Kim, Sang‐Hyeon Lee, Hyukjoo Kwon, Hoon Eui Jeong, Chaenyung Cha
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

As point-of-care testing (POCT) is becoming the new paradigm of medical diagnostics, there is a growing need to develop reliable POCT devices that can be conveniently operated in a minimally invasive manner. However, the clinical potential of POCT diagnostics is yet to be realized, mainly due to the limited and inconsistent amount of collected samples on these devices, undermining their accuracy. This study proposes a new biosensing platform modified with a functional polysuccinimide (PSI)-silica nanoparticle (SNP) composite system that can substantially increase the protein conjugation efficiency by modulating physicochemical interaction with proteins by several hundred percent from an unmodified device. The efficacy of this PSI-SNP system is further validated by applying it on the surface of a microneedle array (MN), which has emerged as a promising POCT device capable of accessing interstitial fluid through minimal penetration of the skin. This PSI-SNP MN is demonstrated to detect a wide array of proteins with high sensitivity on par with conventional whole serum analysis, validated by in vivo animal testing, effectively displaying broad applicability in biomedical engineering.
Texture and color enhancement imaging versus high definition white-light endoscopy for detection of colorectal neoplasia: a randomized trial
Authors: Giulio Antonelli, Gerolamo Bevivino, Silvia Pecere, Alanna Ebigbo, Fabrizio Cereatti, Naoki Akizue, Michela Di Fonzo, Manuela Coppola, Federico Barbaro, Benjamin M. Walter, Paranjay Sharma, Anna Caruso, Kenichiro Okimoto, Claudia Antenucci, Tomoaki Matsumura, Giulia Zerboni, Cristina Grossi, Michael Meinikheim, Luigi Giovanni Papparella, Loredana Correale, Guido Costamagna, Alessandro Repici, Cristiano Spada, Helmut Messmann, Cesare Hassan, Federico Iacopini
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Background Texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI) was recently proposed as a substitute for standard high definition white-light imaging (WLI) to increase lesion detection during colonoscopy. This international, multicenter randomized trial assessed the efficacy of TXI in detection of colorectal neoplasia. Methods Consecutive patients aged ≥ 40 years undergoing screening, surveillance, or diagnostic colonoscopies at five centers (Italy, Germany, Japan) between September 2021 and May 2022 were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to TXI or WLI. Primary outcome was adenoma detection rate (ADR). Secondary outcomes were adenomas per colonoscopy (APC) and withdrawal time. Relative risks (RRs) adjusted for age, sex, and colonoscopy indication were calculated. Results We enrolled 747 patients (mean age 62.3 [SD 9.5] years, 50.2 % male). ADR was significantly higher with TXI (221/375, 58.9 %) vs. WLI (159/372, 42.7 %; adjusted RR 1.38 [95 %CI 1.20–1.59]). This was significant for ≤ 5 mm (RR 1.42 [1.16–1.73]) and 6–9 mm (RR 1.36 [1.01–1.83]) adenomas. A higher proportion of polypoid (151/375 [40.3 %] vs. 104/372 [28.0 %]; RR 1.43 [1.17–1.75]) and nonpolypoid (136/375 [36.3 %] vs. 102/372 [27.4 %]; RR 1.30 [1.05–1.61]) adenomas, and proximal (143/375 [38.1 %] vs. 111/372 [29.8 %]; RR 1.28 [1.05–1.57]) and distal (144/375 [38.4 %] vs. 98/372 [26.3 %]; RR 1.46 [1.18–1.80]) lesions were found with TXI. APC was higher with TXI (1.36 [SD 1.79] vs. 0.89 [SD 1.35]; incident rate ratio 1.53 [1.25–1.88]). Conclusions TXI increased ADR and APC among patients undergoing colonoscopy for various indications. TXI increased detection of polyps &lt; 10 mm, both in the proximal and distal colon, and may help to improve colonoscopy quality indicators.
Toward Corneal Limbus In Vitro Model: Regulation of hPSC‐LSC Phenotype by Matrix Stiffness and Topography During Cell Differentiation Process
Authors: Maija Kauppila, Anni Mörö, Juan José Valle‐Delgado, Teemu Ihalainen, Lassi Sukki, Paula Puistola, Pasi Kallio, Tanja Ilmarinen, Monika Österberg, Heli Skottman
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

A functional limbal epithelial stem cells (LSC) niche is a vital element in the regular renewal of the corneal epithelium by LSCs and maintenance of good vision. However, little is known about its unique structure and mechanical properties on LSC regulation, creating a significant gap in development of LSC-based therapies. Herein, the effect of mechanical and architectural elements of the niche on human pluripotent derived LSCs (hPSC-LSC) phenotype and growth is investigated in vitro. Specifically, three formulations of polyacrylamide gels with different controlled stiffnesses are used for culture and characterization of hPSC-LSCs from different stages of differentiation. In addition, limbal mimicking topography in polydimethylsiloxane is utilized for culturing hPSC-LSCs at early time point of differentiation. For comparison, the expression of selected key proteins of the corneal cells is analyzed in their native environment through whole mount staining of human donor corneas. The results suggest that mechanical response and substrate preference of the cells is highly dependent on their developmental stage. In addition, data indicate that cells may carry possible mechanical memory from previous culture matrix, both highlighting the importance of mechanical design of a functional in vitro limbus model.
Erratum: Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Premenopausal Breast Cancer: 12-Year Results From SOFT
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

In Figure 1D, for T 1 OFS, yrs 51, the HR(CI) was incorrect, and for E 1 OFS, yrs 0-5, the HR(CI) was incorrect because the values were switched.Figure 1D has been replaced.
Assessing Regional Lung Perfusion Changes to Inhaled Pulmonary Vasodilators by Electrical Impedance Tomography
Authors: Stefano Cenci, Roberta De Santis Santiago, Edward A. Bittner, Lorenzo Berra
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

"Assessing Regional Lung Perfusion Changes to Inhaled Pulmonary Vasodilators by Electrical Impedance Tomography." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 208(9), pp. e39–e40
Multimorbidity can run in families—what are implications for clinical practice?
Authors: Bengt Zöller, MirNabi Pirouzifard, Björn Holmquist, Jan Sundquist, Anders Halling, Kristina Sundquist
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Certain diseases cluster in families, suggesting a genetic contribution to multimorbidity, so what are the implications of this finding for clinical practice? Bengt Zöller and colleagues discuss
When I use a word . . . Medical slang: acronyms and backronyms
Authors: Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Medical terminology and slang contain many abbreviations, of which acronyms and backronyms are varieties. There are many acronymic forms according to pronunciation and formation. Regarding pronunciation, there are acronyms that form real words; acronyms that resemble incorrectly spelt real words; and acronyms that can be pronounced as if they were real words but aren’t. Regarding formation, some acronyms are formed solely from the first letters of the words they represent; acronyms that use more than one letter from the start of some of the words they represent; and acronyms that can include letters from anywhere in the words they represent. In some cases some of the words whose initials should be part of the acronym are ignored. Backronyms are of two types: those that are formed with a specific set of words in mind, choosing the words to fit the acronym; and those that incorrectly explain the origin of a word by attributing an explanatory etymology derived from its initial letters.
Pulmonary Hypertension: A Contemporary Review
Authors: Shelsey Johnson, Natascha Sommer, Katherine Cox-Flaherty, Norbert Weissmann, Corey E. Ventetuolo, Bradley A. Maron
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

Major advances in pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with lung disease, and chronic thromboembolic PH cast new light on the pathogenetic mechanisms, epidemiology, diagnostic approach, and therapeutic armamentarium for pulmonary vascular disease. Here, we summarize key basic, translational, and clinical PH reports, emphasizing findings that build on current state-of-the-art research. This review includes cutting-edge progress in translational pulmonary vascular biology, with a guide to the diagnosis of patients in clinical practice, incorporating recent PH definition revisions that continue emphasis on early detection of disease. PH management is reviewed including an overview of the evolving considerations for the approach to treatment of PH in patients with cardiopulmonary comorbidities, as well as a discussion of the groundbreaking sotatercept data for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Radiation-Related Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Vladimir Saenko, Norisato Mitsutake
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2023)

Radiation is an environmental factor that elevates the risk of developing thyroid cancer. Actual and possible scenarios of exposures to external and internal radiation are multiple and diverse. This article reviews radiation doses to the thyroid and corresponding cancer risks due to planned, existing, and emergency exposure situations, and medical, public, and occupational categories of exposures. Any exposure scenario may deliver a range of doses to the thyroid, and the risk for cancer is addressed along with modifying factors. The consequences of the Chornobyl and Fukushima nuclear power plant accidents are described, summarizing the information on thyroid cancer epidemiology, treatment, and prognosis, clinicopathological characteristics, and genetic alterations. The Chornobyl thyroid cancers have evolved in time: becoming less aggressive and driver shifting from fusions to point mutations. A comparison of thyroid cancers from the 2 areas reveals numerous differences that cumulatively suggest the low probability of the radiogenic nature of thyroid cancers in Fukushima. In view of continuing usage of different sources of radiation in various settings, the possible ways of reducing thyroid cancer risk from exposures are considered. For external exposures, reasonable measures are generally in line with the As Low As Reasonably Achievable principle, while for internal irradiation from radioactive iodine, thyroid blocking with stable iodine may be recommended in addition to other measures in case of anticipated exposures from a nuclear reactor accident. Finally, the perspectives of studies of radiation effects on the thyroid are discussed from the epidemiological, basic science, and clinical points of view.
Evaluation of Insulin Pump Infusion Sites in Type 1 Diabetes: The DERMIS Study
Authors: Andrea Kalus, Michi M. Shinohara, Ruikang Wang, Jesica D. Baran, Xiaofu Dong, Dori Khakpour, Jie Lu, Irl B. Hirsch
Journal: Diabetes Care (2023)

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) for type 1 diabetes is increasing in use. Pump site failures are common, but little is known about skin changes from pump use. Using noninvasive optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA), and skin biopsies, we evaluated skin changes from chronic insulin infusion.In this cross-sectional study, OCT operating at a 1,310-nm central wavelength with a bandwidth of 100 nm was performed immediately before skin punch biopsies were collected at three sites: the current site, with the infusion set removed at time of OCT and biopsy; the recovery site, with the infusion set removed 3 days before biopsy; and the control site, which was never used for any insulin infusion or injection.OCT and OCTA identified characteristics of increased inflammation and vessel density at pump sites compared with control sites. Histologic analysis of pump sites showed differences in skin architecture, including fibrosis, inflammation (including increased tissue eosinophils), and fat necrosis. Immunohistochemical staining showed differences between infusion and control sites regarding staining of ILGF-I and transforming growth factor-β3.These findings support allergic sensitization as a potentially common reaction at CSII sites. The leading candidates causing this include insulin preservatives, plastic materials, and adhesive glue used in device manufacturing. The inflammatory response caused by these common allergic responses may result in tissue changes responsible for the infusion site failures seen frequently in clinical practice.
Multiple Sources of Uncertainty Confound Inference of Historical Human Generation Times
Authors: Aaron P Ragsdale, Kevin R Thornton
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2023)

Abstract Wang et al. (2023) recently proposed an approach to infer the history of human generation intervals from changes in mutation profiles over time. As the relative proportions of different mutation types depend on the ages of parents, binning variants by the time they arose allows for the inference of changes in average paternal and maternal generation intervals. Applying this approach to published allele age estimates, Wang et al. (2023) inferred long-lasting sex differences in average generation times and surprisingly found that ancestral generation times of West African populations remained substantially higher than those of Eurasian populations extending tens of thousands of generations into the past. Here, we argue that the results and interpretations in Wang et al. (2023) are primarily driven by noise and biases in input data and a lack of validation using independent approaches for estimating allele ages. With the recent development of methods to reconstruct genome-wide gene genealogies, coalescence times, and allele ages, we caution that downstream analyses may be strongly influenced by uncharacterized biases in their output.
Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Think Pragmatically: Investigators’ Obligations to Patient-Subjects When Research is Embedded into Care”
Authors: Stephanie R. Morain, Emily A. Largent
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:Think Pragmatically: Investigators’ Obligations to Patient-Subjects When Research is Embedded in CareSpecial Considerations When Research is Embedded within Community Health Centers“A Community-Engaged Approach to Address Collateral Findings in Embedded Research”Ethical Pragmatic Clinical Trials Require the Virtue of Cultivated UneasinessA Paradigm of Investigator Duty to Multiple Stakeholder ParticipantsPragmatic Research and Quality Assessment/Improvement Initiatives: Kindred SpiritsSeizing the Opportunity to Improve Ethical Oversight of Clinical ResearchProgressing from “Whether to” to “How to” Conduct Pragmatic TrialsA Neuroethical Analysis of Pragmatic Clinical Trials: Balancing Diverse Interests associated with Collateral FindingsCanceling TuskegeeDistinguishing Clinical and Research Risks in Pragmatic Clinical Trials: The Need for Further Stakeholder EngagementIs There a Doctor in the House? Additional informationFundingThis work was supported within the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Pragmatic Trials Collaboratory through cooperative agreement U24AT009676 from the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR), and the NIH Office of Disease Prevention (ODP). This work was also supported by the NIH through the NIH HEAL Initiative under award number U24AT010961. This work was also supported by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U54AG063546, which funds the NIA Imbedded Pragmatic Alzheimer’s Disease and AD-Related Dementias Clinical Trials Collaboratory (NIA IMPACT Collaboratory). Dr. Largent is also supported by the NIA under grant award number K01-AG064123 and by a Greenwall Faculty Scholar Award. The views presented here are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Blurred Boundaries: Toward an Expanded Ethics of Research and Clinical Care
Authors: Meghan C. Halley, Nate W. Olson
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:Think Pragmatically: Investigators' Obligations to Patient-Subjects When Research is Embedded in Care"A Community-Engaged Approach to Address Collateral Findings in Embedded Research"A Paradigm of Investigator Duty to Multiple Stakeholder ParticipantsPragmatic Research and Quality Assessment/Improvement Initiatives: Kindred SpiritsSeizing the Opportunity to Improve Ethical Oversight of Clinical ResearchMore-Than-Partial Entrustment in Pragmatic Clinical Trials Additional informationFundingMCH is supported by the National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health under award number K01HG011341 and U01HG010218. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Ethical Pragmatic Clinical Trials Require the Virtue of Cultivated Uneasiness
Authors: Joel Pacyna, Jon Tilburt
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article is referred to by:Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Think Pragmatically: Investigators’ Obligations to Patient-Subjects When Research is Embedded into Care” Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Some Treatments Over Objection, Not Others, Are Ethically Justifiable When Managing Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Lauren Bunch
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:“I Don’t Want to Gain Weight!” The Ethics of Tube Feeding Over the Objection of a Patient with Anorexia Nervosa Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
A Paradigm of Investigator Duty to Multiple Stakeholder Participants
Authors: Kimberly Foss, Gail E. Henderson, Kriste Kuczynski, Megan Clarke Roberts
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article is referred to by:Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Think Pragmatically: Investigators’ Obligations to Patient-Subjects When Research is Embedded into Care”Blurred Boundaries: Toward an Expanded Ethics of Research and Clinical CareThis article refers to:Think Pragmatically: Investigators’ Obligations to Patient-Subjects When Research is Embedded in Care Additional informationFundingThis work was funded by The UNC Program for Precision Medicine in Health Care.
“I Don’t Want to Gain Weight!” The Ethics of Tube Feeding Over the Objection of a Patient with Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Leah Eisenberg
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

""I Don't Want to Gain Weight!" The Ethics of Tube Feeding Over the Objection of a Patient with Anorexia Nervosa." The American Journal of Bioethics, 23(8), pp. 97–98This article is referred to by:Treatment over Objection (in Anorexia Nervosa): Capacity Is Not the Whole StoryTube Feed or Not Tube Feed: Ethics beyond the Consult QuestionSome Treatments Over Objection, Not Others, Are Ethically Justifiable When Managing Anorexia Nervosa Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Clinicians’ Duty to Participate in Pragmatic Clinical Trials: Further Considerations
Authors: Susannah L. Rose, Georgina Morley
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:Do Clinicians Have a Duty to Participate in Pragmatic Clinical Trials? ACKNOWLEDGMENTWe would like to acknowledge Paul Ford, PhD, for his review of this manuscript, and Judy Welsh, MD for her insights on clinicians’ experience and workloads.Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Should the Incapacitated Patient’s Prior Refusal of Dialysis Be Honored? The Value of a Systematic Approach to Gathering Data in an Ethics Consultation
Authors: Alvin H. Moss
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

"Should the Incapacitated Patient’s Prior Refusal of Dialysis Be Honored? The Value of a Systematic Approach to Gathering Data in an Ethics Consultation." The American Journal of Bioethics, 23(8), pp. 90–91This article refers to:Dialysis Refusal: Discerning the Credibility of a Prior Verbal Directive Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial of Long-Term Doxycycline Therapy on Exacerbation Rate in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: James P. Allinson, Ben H. Vlies, Simon E. Brill, Martin Law, Girvan Burnside, Lydia J. Finney, Luana Alves-Moreira, Gavin C. Donaldson, Peter M. A. Calverley, Paul P. Walker, Jadwiga A. Wedzicha
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and preventing them is a key treatment target. Long-term macrolide treatment is effective at reducing exacerbations, but there is a paucity of evidence for other antibiotic classes.
Structure-based design of novel heterocycle-substituted ATDP analogs as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with improved selectivity and solubility
Authors: Li-Min Zhao, Christophe Pannecouque, Erik De Clercq, Shuai Wang, Fen-Er Chen
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2023)

Following on our recently developed biphenyl-ATDP non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor ZLM-66 (SI = 2019.80, S = 1.9 μg/mL), a series of novel heterocycle-substituted ATDP derivatives with significantly improved selectivity and solubility were identified by replacement of the biphenyl moiety of ZLM-66 with heterocyclic group with lower lipophilicity. Evidently, the representative analog 7w in this series exhibited dramatically enhanced selectivity and solubility (SI = 12,497.73, S = 4472 μg/mL) in comparison with ZLM-66 (SI = 2019.80, S = 1.9 μg/mL). This new NNRTI conferred low nanomolar inhibition of wild-type HIV-1 strain and tested mutant strains (K103N, L100I, Y181C, E138K, and K103N + Y181C). The analog also demonstrated favorable safety and pharmacokinetic profiles, as evidenced by its insensitivity to CYP and hERG, lack of mortality and pathological damage, and good oral bioavailability in rats (F = 27.1%). Further development of 7w for HIV therapy will be facilitated by this valuable information.
Atezolizumab, vemurafenib, and cobimetinib in patients with melanoma with CNS metastases (TRICOTEL): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study
Authors: Reinhard Dummer, Paola Queirolo, Pauline Gerard Duhard, Youyou Hu, Dao Wang, Sergio Jobim de Azevedo, Caroline Robert, Paolo Antonio Ascierto, Vanna Chiarion-Sileni, Paolo Pronzato, Francesco Spagnolo, Karmele Mujika Eizmendi, Gabriella Liszkay, Luis de la Cruz Merino, Hussein Tawbi
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2023)