tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hospital at home
Authors: J. Sims, E. Rink, M. Cleary, C. Pearson, K. Lloyd, R J Lilford, H. Shaw, J. Coast, S. H Richards, T. J Peters, D. J Gunnell, M.-A. Darlow, J. Pounsford
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Costings were inadequateEditor-Comparing the costs of home and acute hospital care, Coast et al address a subject of intense interest to NHS managers. 1The cost of home care in their study was based on a bottom up analysis, in which use of resources was measured on a patient by patient basis.The cost of hospital care, however, was simply the average cost of inpatient care, which includes the use of operating theatres, etc. Patients for whom both sources of care are a viable option, however, are at the lower end of the intensity range for hospital care.The authors recognise this but address the problem by conducting a sensitivity analysis.They imply that assuming a
Common 'Allergic' Skin Diseases
Authors: Rebecca H. Buckley
Journal: JAMA (1982)

ALLERGIC SKIN diseases are relatively common and, at times, devastating clinical problems that have great socioeconomic impact. In this section, focus is given to providing a basis for understanding the role of immune mechanisms in the cause of certain diseases of the skin and the application of this information to their diagnosis and treatment. <h3>ATOPIC DERMATITIS</h3><h3>Definition</h3> Atopic dermatitis is a common dermatitis characterized by severe pruritus, frequent onset in infancy, a strong familial propensity, and a tendency to chronicity. It is referred to as<i>atopic dermatitis</i>because of its occurrence in individuals who manifest IgE-mediated skin test reactions and who frequently later acquire allergic rhinitis, asthma, or both. Typically, atopic dermatitis begins in early infancy, rarely before age 2 months, but in the majority of instances before age 6 months. The expression of the disease in early life, when it occurs as an erythematous, papulovesicular, exudative, intensely pruritic inflammation,
Diagnostic Procedures and Reagents: Technics for the Laboratory Diagnosis and Control of the Communicable Diseases
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

BRAF V600 : A Target in Various Cancers BRAF V600 mutations, while predominant in melanoma, also occur rarely in other histotypes.Hyman and colleagues studied vemurafenib in diverse BRAF V600 mutant malignancies, enrolling 122 patients with BRAF V600 mutant colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, Langerhans-cell histiocytosis, brain tumors, cholangiocarcinoma, anaplastic thyroid cancer, and multiple myeloma.Modest antitumor activity was observed in almost all of these orphan cancers, highlighting the success of such a basket study to discern a signal in different tumor types with the same molecular biomarker.Although numbers were small and necessitate validation, such responses are notable and form a foundation for developing molecularly targeted therapy.Targeting BRAF with monotherapy in the 10% of colorectal cancers with BRAF V600E mutations is ineffective, underscoring the differential sensitivity of BRAF inhibition in BRAF V600 -mutated tumors.(Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.)
Tumor Growth and Cell Kinetics in Chronically Hypoxie Animals
Authors: I. F. Tannock, G. G. Steel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Tumor-bearing animals were kept in a tank containing 10% oxygen in nitrogen for periods up to 2 weeks. Growth curves were obtained for a hyperdiploid subline of the Ehrlich ascites tumor, a rat mammary tumor with a high concentration of capillaries, and a mouse mammary tumor with relatively few blood vessels; they were compared with corresponding curves for control animals breathing air (21% oxygen). Hypoxia slightly delayed growth of newly implanted Ehrlich ascites cells, but had no significant effect on the growth of the rat mammary tumor. The mouse mammary tumor grew more slowly in 10% oxygen than in air. Animals lost weight when kept in 10% oxygen, but a similar weight loss induced in air-breathing animals by partial starvation had no significant effect on tumor growth. In the mouse mammary tumor, hypoxia caused significant reductions in the mean distance separating blood vessels from regions of necrosis and in the thymidine labeling index. A comparison of labeled mitoses curves for mice breathing air or 10% oxygen showed no increase in mean cell cycle time under hypoxic conditions; the reduced labeling index therefore implies a reduction in growth fraction. The same techniques were used to study cell proliferation in the small intestines of air-breathing or hypoxic mice, but no differences in kinetic parameters could be demonstrated.
Infant Mortality Among Hispanics: The Epidemiological Paradox
Authors: Richard A. Scribner
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Becerra and colleagues<sup>1</sup>seem intent on downplaying the effect of behavioral factors as an explanation for the "paradoxically" low rates of low birth weight (LBW) and infant mortality among Latinos of Mexican descent. Instead, they emphasize the possible existence of a large number of out-of-hospital births and deaths that go unreported. In the article they base this assertion on the fact that the neonatal mortality rate among infants with very low birth weight (VLBW) delivered out of the hospital is lower than the neonatal mortality rate of VLBW infants delivered in the hospital. Although this reasoning is correct, it is based on only nine neonatal deaths nationally. If the authors had collapsed the cell and compared the neonatal mortality rate among all LBW births among births in and out of the hospital, they would have noted the expected higher neonatal mortality rate among mothers giving
Pentoxifylline in the Treatment of Children With New-Onset Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Michael J. MacDonald
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Strong immunosuppressants have halted the autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic β cell in new-onset insulin-dependent diabetes, enabling as many as 50% of patients to be independent of insulin 1 year after diagnosis.<sup>1</sup>However, the high incidence of side effects associated with these agents makes their long-term use untenable in a disease that can be treated safely with insulin for decades. Pentoxifylline has been in use for more than 20 years with minimal side effects and was recently discovered to have immunosuppressive properties. Pentoxifylline inhibits expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)<sup>2</sup>and possibly the interleukin 2 receptor.<sup>3</sup>Both TNF-α and interleukin 2 have been strongly implicated in the destruction of the β cell in insulin-dependent diabetes,<sup>3</sup>and TNF-α has been reported to impair insulin action.<sup>4</sup>The relative safety of pentoxifylline prompted us to begin an unmasked (Human Studies Committee-approved trial of pentoxifylline
Severe Facial Rash Associated With Mefloquine
Authors: David R. Shlim
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Mefloquine is frequently recommended as an antimalarial in areas with chloroquine-resistant<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>.<sup>1</sup>Adverse skin reactions to mefloquine have rarely been reported.<sup>2</sup>Van den Enden et al<sup>3</sup>recently reported a case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome apparently induced by mefloquine. I would like to report another apparent adverse skin reaction to mefloquine. A 23-year-old Belgian woman started taking mefloquine (250 mg per week) on January 30, 1991. She left Antwerp on January 31 and flew to Lahore, Pakistan, for 2 nights. She then flew to Delhi, India, where she spent 1 night, and arrived in Kathmandu, Nepal, on February 3. On February 2, she had become aware of a burning sensation in her face (forehead, cheeks, and chin). This unusual sensation persisted until February 6 when she took her second dose of mefloquine. That day she developed five lesions in a symmetrical distribution on either side
THE ETIOLOGY OF ACUTE ARTICULAR RHEUMATISM.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Women Physicians in Medical Academia
Authors: Kathleen Farrell
Journal: JAMA (1979)

We determined the representation of women physicians on US medical school faculties by enumeration from school catalogues according to professorial rank, title series, and departmental affiliation. We also compiled similar data for top-level administrative posts, using periodic chronological comparisons from 1955 through 1977 and 1978. Despite a burgeoning population of women medical students, we found a pattern of underuse of women physicians characterized by limited upward mobility on the faculty (professor: median, 3.0%; range, 0% to 18.2%; assistant professor: median, 7.3%; range, 0% to 28.7%). There were no women in chief executive positions. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2808-2812, 1979)
New Focus on Children's Environmental Health
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

A "NEW AGE of environmental protection" is coming, says Carol Browner, administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The immediate impetus is being directed at children, but in the long run it will affect everyone. Browner was a speaker at the First National Research Conference on Children's Environmental Health, held late last month in Washington, DC. Among the signs heralding this new age are the following: • The passing of the Food Quality Protection Act last year; • The establishment by the EPA of a new center for children's health; • A series of new research initiatives by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) aimed at providing the basis for effective regulation; and • A new approach to toxicologic testing that looks at effects of multiple agents rather than at single agents. <h3>'Put the Children First'</h3> Children are the focal point of environmental protection. "By putting our children
Phthirus pubis Infestation of the Eyelashes
Authors: J. O'D. Alexander
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Your correspondent Melvin H. Kirschner (1982;248:428) stated: "In this era of sexual freedom, it is not surprising to see infestation of the eyelashes in the adult. However, eyelash infestation in the child is uncommon." As a dermatologist, I have always regarded such infestation as occurring almost exclusively in children. This has been my clinical experience for 40 years and seemed to be the opinion of Horton (1952; 150:630) and others.<sup>1,2</sup>The three or four cases I have seen personally have all been in children. There is a sound biologic reason for these lice to occur on the eyelashes in children. In adults it is normally found in the pubic and, to a lesser extent, the axillary hair. When the infestation is heavy, especially in hirsute men, it can occasionally be found attached to hairs around the umbilicus or nipple area en route to the colonial outpost
Hawaii's Employer Mandate and Its Contribution to Universal Access
Authors: John C. Lewin
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Much national debate centers around national models in which an employer mandate plays an important role in providing for health care coverage for all Americans. Hawaii has had the nation's only health insurance employer mandate for almost 20 years, yet little is known nationally about the mandate itself or Hawaii's experience with it. This article describes the long-term effects of Hawaii's employer mandate on health care access and costs, and offers reflections on the potentials of national health care reform based on Hawaii's experience. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:2538-2543)
Painful diabetic neuropathy.
Journal: BMJ (1977)

picture of hyperthyroidism would usually be considered a reasonably strong point against the diagnosis, especially in young patients, and the finding of a low thyroid uptake of radioactive iodine would be accepted by most people as evidence justifying exclusion of the disease.In such circum- stances the physician should think of unusual causes of hyperthyroidism-thyrotoxicosis factitia, the effect of exogenous iodide ingestion, or, very rarely, struma ovarii, hydatidiform mole, or metastatic functioning follicular carcinoma of the thyroid.Recent descriptions of this form of thvroiditis deserve wider recognition, for these patients do not require the usual definitive forms of treatment for this disease-the hyperthyroidism seems to be transient.A short course of propranolol may be enough to tide the patient over the transient hyperthyroid state, and little more needs to be done apart from careful follow-up to detect possible hypothyroidism.
Dermatologic Therapy in General Practice
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Secondary pre-leukaemia and etoposide
Authors: Bruno Donatini, Pierre Krupp, R.T.D. Oliver, J.Y.H. Ong, M.A. Raja, P. Sperandio, B. Gibbons, M. Walker, Jens Pedersen-Bjergaard, Gedske Daugaard, Steen Werner Hansen, Preben Philip, Severin Olesen Larsen, Mikael Rørth
Journal: The Lancet (1991)
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Autophagy allows cancer cells to recycle damaged components and promotes survival in many model systems. Ma and colleagues found that high autophagy levels in the tumors of metastatic melanoma patients predicted poor response to therapy and shorter overall survival rates. Higher levels of autophagy were found in aggressive compared to indolent melanoma cell lines grown as three-dimensional spheroids or xenograft tumors. Autophagy inhibition with RNAi or hydroxychloroquine, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, resulted in cell death in aggressive spheroids. These findings establish autophagy as a potential prognostic or predictive factor in melanoma and a new target for melanoma therapy.Immunotherapy of cancer has seen recent clinical successes, but there is a need to define biomarkers that can identify patients who will have clinical benefit or identify appropriate patient groups to enroll. The iSBTc- SITC, FDA, and NCI partnered to address these issues, and Butterfield and colleagues now present the recommendations resulting from meetings that included participation from 10 partner societies and representation of 20 countries. The recommendations focus on assay standardization, blood and tissue banking, high throughput assays, and data reporting to promote improved understanding of clinical responders and nonresponders, mechanisms of action, and development of novel hypotheses.Temporal changes in the flux of endothelial adhesion molecules (EAM) during tumor progression influence leukocyte extravasation. Whereas angiogenic growth factors like VEGF and bFGF act to downregulate EAM expression in tumors, angiostatic agents can overcome EAM downregulation, thereby enhancing an antitumor immune response. In this issue, Dings and colleagues show that adoptive T-cell transfer in combination with angiogenesis therapy results in improved tumor growth inhibition in mice. These results suggest that the combination of adjuvant therapy with angiogenesis inhibitors (administered within an appropriate time frame) holds promise for cellular immunotherapy in the clinic.Clinical efficacy of irinotecan is limited by a patient's ability to convert this prodrug into its active metabolite, SN-38. Cardillo and coworkers sought to limit this variability and improve bioavailability by conjugating SN-38 to hRS7, a tumor-targeting anti-Trop- 2 humanized antibody (Trop-2 is expressed on a wide range of cancers of epithelial origin). The resulting hRS7-CL2A-SN-38 antibody-drug conjugate showed significant antitumor effects in vivo against non-small cell lung, pancreatic, colorectal, and squamous cell lung carcinomas. In monkeys, doselimiting toxicity was achieved at clinically relevant concentrations of SN-38. Taken together, these data support further clinical testing of hRS7-CL2A-SN-38 against Trop-2-positive solid tumors.
The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Visualization of Cardiac Metastasis From Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma on F-18 DOPA PET/CT Scan
Authors: Olivier Morel, P. Giraud, Aurélie Cahouet, Franck Lacœuille, Sylvie Girault
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Cardiac metastases are frequent (10%–12%) at autopsy of patients who have died of advanced cancers, but are usually clinically unrecognized. Melanoma, lymphoma, lung, and breast cancers are the main tumors inducing cardiac metastases. We present a case of cardiac metastasis which accumulated F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose and F-18 fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine in a 56-year-old woman with recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma.
Epidermal growth factor-related transforming growth factors in the urine of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lea-Yea Chuang, Juei-Hsiung Tsai, Yun-Chi Yeh, Chun-Chang Chang, Hsing-Wu Yeh, Jinn-Yuh Guh, Jung-Fa Tsai
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

To characterize epidermal growth factor-related transforming growth factors in the urine of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, gel filtration with Bio-Gel P-30 was performed in seven hepatocellular carcinoma patients and seven sex-matched and age-matched healthy controls. Distinct profiles of soft agar growth assay in the hepatocellular carcinoma patients and the normal controls were seen. Three peaks (A, B and C) in the urine were examined. Peak C in most hepatocellular carcinoma patients was higher than that in healthy controls. Similar profiles were detected with epidermal growth factor radioreceptor assay and cellular DNA synthesis assay. This result might indicate that transforming growth factors with low molecular weight were found in the urine of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. An exceptional HCC patient had an additional peak (A′) that corresponded to the high molecular weight protein. We concluded that there were transforming growth factors with functional activity in the urine of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. (Hepatology 1991;13:1112-1116.)
Abnormal Behavior. Pitfalls of Our Minds. An Introduction to the Study of Abnormal and Anti-Social Behavior.
Journal: JAMA (1923)

This volume contains the results of the authors' study of cases observed in the psychiatric service in Bellevue Hospital. These cases were usually conduct disorders showing various forms of abnormal behavior, resulting from social maladjustment and in many instances terminating in delinquency or insanity. In the course of the book, 137 cases are reported in literary style, technical terms being avoided as much as possible. The book is especially adapted to social workers, probation officers, parents and teachers rather than to the technical psychiatrist. It is not, however, adapted for the general reader, since comprehension will require more than ordinary knowledge of modern psychiatry and abnormal psychology. Throughout the discussion the authors show an excellent balance and good judgment as to that which is proved in psychanalysis, physiology and pathology. They wisely reject much of the advanced interpretation that does not rest on any solid basis of proved fact.