tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Civilian War Hospital. Being an Account of the Work of the Portland Hospital, and of Experience of Wounds and Sickness in South Africa, 1900. With a Description of the Equipment, Cost and Management of a Civilian Base Hospital in Time of War.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hepatic lidocaine metabolism and liver histology in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis
Authors: M Shiffman
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Recent advances in the medical and surgical treatment of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis have made it increasingly important to develop noninvasive tests of liver function. Our study has evaluated the hepatic conversion of lidocaine to its primary metabolite monoethylglycinexylodide and compared this with liver histological findings in 225 patients with chronic hepatitis (161 with hepatitis C, 23 with hepatitis B, 21 with autoimmune hepatitis and 20 with cryptogenic hepatitis). One hundred seven (47.7%) patients had cirrhosis at the time of evaluation. A decline in monoethylglycinexylodide production was observed with worsening liver histological conditions from a mean of 81.5 ± 7.0 ng/ml in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis to 61.2 ± 5.5 ng/ml for chronic active hepatitis and 20.9 ± 1.5 ng/ml in patients with cirrhosis (p < 0.05). A further stepwise decline in monoethylglycine xylodide production was observed with worsening Child class: from 25.5 ± 2.2 ng/ml for class A patients to 8.9 ± 1.4 ng/ml for patients with Child class C disease (p < 0.05). All patients with monoethylglycinexylodide production less than 20 ng/ml had cirrhosis confirmed on histological examination. In contrast, no relationship was observed between liver histological status and serum transaminases (AST or ALT), bilirubin, albumin and prothrombin time. Thirty-five patients underwent repeat histological evaluation and monoethylglycinexylodide testing after receiving at least 6 mo treatment for chronic hepatitis (interferon for hepatitis B and C and corticosteroids for autoimmune hepatitis). The change in monoethylglycinexylodide production observed in these patients was a linear function of the change in Knodell histological index (r = 0.73, p < 0.005). We conclude that hepatic monoethylglycinexylodide production parallels liver histological condition in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Monoethylglycinexylodide testing may therefore prove to be a useful noninvasive test by which to monitor hepatic function and assess response to drug treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis. (HEPATOLOGY 1994;19:933–940.)
Mechanism of Action of the Sex Steroid Hormones
Authors: Lawrence Chan, Bert W. O'Malley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Effects of Sex Steroid Hormones on RNA MetabolismEstrogenUterine RNA synthesis is stimulated by estrogen. The promptest response was observed in the synthesis of the rapidly labeled nuclear RNA.105, 122 A definite stimulation of nuclear RNA synthesis within 10 minutes after an intraperitoneal injection of estradiol has been reported.122 The rapidly labeled nuclear RNA was also examined by sucrose gradients under both ordinary and denaturing conditions (to exclude aggregation)123 and was shown to be of high molecular weight and hence consistent with heterogeneous nuclear RNA.123 , 124 That the early increase in nuclear RNA synthesis is blocked by actinomycin D but not . . .
DNA Adduct Formation and Mutation Induction by Nitropyrenes in Salmonella and Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells: Relationships with Nitroreduction and Acetylation
Authors: Robert H. Heflich, E. Kim Fifer, Zora Djuric, Frederick A. Beland
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Nitrated pyrenes are environmental pollutants and potent mutagens in the Salmonella reversion assay. In this study reversion induction by 1-nitropyrene and 1,8-dinitropyrene in Salmonella typhimurium TA1538 and mutation induction by 1-nitropyrene in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were related to the extent of metabolism and DNA adduct formation. In suspension cultures of Salmonella typhimurium TA1538, 1,8-dinitropyrene was up to 40-fold more mutagenic than 1-nitropyrene, although both compounds were metabolized at similar rates with nitroreduction being the major pathway. The major metabolite formed from 1-nitropyrene after 2 hr of incubation was 1-nitrosopyrene, while 1-amino-8-nitropyrene was the major metabolite formed from 1,8-dinitropyrene. 1-Nitrosopyrene and 1-nitro-8-nitrosopyrene elicited mutation values consistent with their being intermediates in the activation pathways. However, subsequent to nitroreduction, 1,8-dinitropyrene appeared to be further activated by acetylation, while 1-nitropyrene was not. Each nitrated pyrene produced a major DNA adduct substituted at the C8-position of deoxyguanosine. Although 1,8-dinitropyrene was more mutagenic than 1-nitropyrene, both compounds induced a similar number of revertants per adduct. Incubation of 1-nitrosopyrene with CHO cells produced a rapid concentration- and time-dependent induction of mutations and the conversion of 1-nitrosopyrene to 1-aminopyrene. In contrast, 1-nitropyrene did not induce mutations and was not converted to 1-aminopyrene. Both compounds produced the same major adduct, but adduct formation by 1-nitropyrene was much lower than by 1-nitrosopyrene.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nutrient-Toxicant Interactions: Susceptible Populations
Authors: Kathryn R. Mahaffey, John E. Vanderveen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Nutritional status can substantially modify the toxicity of environmental pollutants. Investigations with experimental animals and epidemiological observations on humans have established the role of nutrition in altering susceptibility to a variety of pollutants including pesticides and heavy metals. The degree of nutritional deficiency that alters susceptibility need not be severe. Frequently only biochemical indications of nutritional deficiency can be associated with changes in the dose-response of an animal or person to a toxic compound.
Asbestos bodies.
Authors: H. C. Lewinsohn
Journal: BMJ (1968)

We have recently encountered one such case in a boy aged four years with pneumonia from whose throat swab adenovirus type 7 was isolated.His sera on 9th, 21st, and 37th days of illness gave complement fixation titres for adenovirus of 1/256, 1/4,096, and 1/2,048 respectively; the titre for Q fever (phase 2) showed a rapid rise and fall, the corresponding figures being <1/8, 1/128, and <1/8 respectively.-Weare, etc.,
Leiomyosarcoma in a renal allograft recipient treated with immunosuppressive drugs
Authors: D. Walker
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A highly malignant gastric leiomyosarcoma developed in a renal allograft recipient. This was the first primary malignant tumor observed in 247 patients at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital who received immunosuppressive therapy following renal transplantation. Among the 3,614 patients listed in the Human Kidney Transplant Registry as receiving allografts, 37 primary malignant tumors have been reported. This incidence of malignancy is 4.7 times greater than expected. Examination of the therapy employed in the 37 cases suggests that azathioprine is a major factor in the development of the tumors and that prednisone may act in a subsidiary role by suppressing the cellular immune response.
Abdominal distention and aortic obstruction associated with phenothiazines
Authors: M. M. Kemeny
Journal: JAMA (1980)

SPORADIC reports of prolonged paralytic ileus due to the use of phenothiazines in treating psychiatric disorders have appeared in the literature. In some cases, this has progressed to intestinal pseudoobstruction with bowel perforation. If the patient's psychiatric disorder is such that he delays seeking medical attention for this complication, the results can be disastrous. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 37-year-old male schizophrenic who had been receiving thioridazine (Mellaril), 50 mg four times a day for many years, was admitted to Kings County Hospital with abdominal pain and distention. Medical history included antrectomy and truncal vagotomy with Billroth II reconstruction for bleeding duodenal ulcer one month previously. His postoperative course at that time was uneventful, and he had been eating and moving his bowels normally until one week prior to admission. At this time, physical examination disclosed a grossly distended, tympanitic abdomen with generalized guarding and rigidity. A roentgenogram of the
The Papanicolaou test for cervical cancer detection. A triumph and a tragedy
Authors: L. G. Koss
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The complex detection system leading to the discovery and treatment of precancerous lesions and early cancer of the uterine cervix is described in detail and discussed. By far the most difficult and underestimated component of this system is the screening and interpretation of cervical (Papanicolaou) smears. Cytologic case finding may fail because of inadequate samples, insufficient time devoted to screening, or human fatigue. Other weak points of the system, such as an inadequate clinical component, inadequate patient compliance, poor reproducibility of diagnoses, and ineffective aftercare, are also described. For example, obtaining a second smear to confirm or refute a diagnosis of cellular atypia is often a misleading practice. Although this cancer detection system has been shown to be effective in reducing the rate of morbidity and mortality from invasive cervical cancer in appropriately screened populations, there is no evidence that the Papanicolaou test has succeeded anywhere in complete eradication of this theoretically preventable disease. It is important to inform the public about the potential failures of the system and the reasons for them. (<i>JAMA</i>1989;261:737-743)
Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes
Authors: E. Hulme
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1990)

Heme oxygenases (HO) catabolize free heme, that is, iron (Fe) protoporphyrin (IX), into equimolar amounts of Fe2+, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin. The stress-responsive HO-1 isoenzyme affords protection against programmed cell death. The mechanism ...Read More
Association News.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A national survey on patients' enrollment rate in clinical trials: the French experience
Authors: I. Pauporté, L. Capra, S. Détry, X. Paoletti, J. Barbare
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

6601 Background: The rate of patients enrolled in clinical trials is one of the main indicators of clinical research and care activity. The French Cancer Plan (2003–2007) put on a quantifiable target of 10% of patients to be enrolled in high-quality clinical trials. To help investigators meet this objective, a substantial financial support for clinical research associates (CRA) recruitment was given mainly to University Hospitals and Comprehensive Cancer Centers. In the meantime, significant financial support was given to competitively selected projects. Methods: We carried out a national survey in 2007 in order to identify clinical research activities in oncology in France for the period from 2002 to 2006. A questionnaire was sent to University Hospitals and Comprehensive Cancer Centers and data on number of trials ongoing (open for enrolment), number of trials sponsored by the institution, number of patients enrolled and human resources (CRA) from 2002 to 2006 were collected. Data on academic and industry-sponsored trials were collected separately. Results: We showed that the number of patients enrolled in clinical trials increased continuously over the period considered, from 21,500 in 2002 to 26,700 in 2006. Based on the inclusion figures and assuming that there will be between 350,000 and 400,000 patients eligible for the clinical trials (epidemiological data), the enrolment rate for patients in clinical trials is expected to be between 7.4 and 8.5% in 2006 versus 5.8 and 6.7% in 2002. Nearly 80% of all participating patients were included in academic trials. Over 75% of patients benefited from a therapeutic trial. At last, the number of clinical trials increased by more than 20% over the same period, while the number of CRA doubled all over the French territory. Conclusions: Our results show that public intervention for improving enrolment to cancer clinical trials seems to be efficient. Other types of intervention are being considered, targeted on investigators, on patients, or on both such as the French registry of clinical trials in oncology. Future work should also consider clinical research in other institutions—local hospitals and private centers—whose research activities are increasingly growing in the cancer field. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Correction to: Description of trauma among French service members in the Department of Defense Trauma Registry: understanding the nature of trauma and the care provided
Authors: Marc A. Schweizer, Jud C. Janak, Zsolt T. Stockinger, Tristan Monchal
Journal: Military Medical Research (2019)

After publication of this article [1], it was brought to our attention that the Fig. 2 is incorrect. The correct Fig. 2 is as below:
From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Initial therapy for tuberculosis in the era of multidrug resistance: recommendations of the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis
Journal: JAMA (1993)

These recommendations update previous CDC/American Thoracic Society (ATS) recommendations for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) among adults and children. The most notable changes are in response to the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant TB in the United States. These recommendations include the need for a) in vitro drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from all patients and reporting of these results to the health department, b) initial four-drug regimens for the treatment of TB, and c) initial directly observed therapy for persons with TB. Adherence to these recommendations will help prevent the occurrence of more cases of drug-resistant TB, reduce the occurrence of treatment failure, and reduce the transmission of TB in the United States.
THE BOOKS OF A YEAR.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DURATION OF THE SYSTOLE OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Hypotension, and Fluid Bolus in a Preterm Infant
Authors: Hilary A. Smith
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2020)

This male infant was born at 26 5/7 weeks of gestation to a 29-year-old G2P0010 mother.The pregnancy was complicated by class B diabetes, omphalocele, and a two-vessel cord.Antenatal screen was negative for any chromosomal abnormalities (FISH and microarray negative).Mother received cerclage for short cervix.She presented to the labor unit complaining of leaking fluid.She received antibiotics, steroids, and magnesium sulphate.On examination the following day, the fetal heel was found to be protruding from the cervix.Mother was taken for cesarean section due to fetal malpresentation and omphalocele.
Cutaneous pili migrans
Authors: K-E. Thai, R.D. Sinclair
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Cutaneous pili migrans Get access K‐E. Thai, K‐E. Thai Department of Medicine (Dermatology), The University of Melbourne, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, AustraliaE‐mail: sinclair@svhm.org.au Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.D. Sinclair R.D. Sinclair Department of Medicine (Dermatology), The University of Melbourne, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, AustraliaE‐mail: sinclair@svhm.org.au Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 1, 1 January 2001, Page 219, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2001.03998.x Published: 01 January 2001
BOLIVIA
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 17078: A Potent Vasoconstrictor Kisspeptin-10 Induces Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression and Instability
Authors: Remina Shirai, Kengo Sato, Taka-aki Matsuyama, Shinji Koba, Tsutomu Hirano, Takuya Watanabe
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Recently, there is a great deal of research interest regarding the role and effects of kisspeptin-10 (KP-10), a potent vasoconstrictor and inhibitor of angiogenesis expressed in vascular endothelial cells (ECs), in cardiovascular disease. However, it still remains unknown whether KP-10 could affect atherogenesis. Objective and Methods: We aimed to clarify the effects of KP-10 on atherosclerosis. We evaluated the effects of KP-10 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), human monocyte-derived macrophages, human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) in vitro , and aortic lesions in ApoE -/- mice in vivo . Results: GPR54, a KP-10 receptor, was expressed at higher levels in human monocytes, macrophages, HASMCs, and HUVECs. KP-10 significantly suppressed the proliferation of EAhy.926 ECs. KP-10 significantly increased the adhesion of THP1 monocytes to HUVECs associated with increased endothelial expressions of IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin. KP-10 significantly enhanced oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation associated with increased expressions of CD36 and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 in human monocyte-derived macrophages. KP-10 significantly suppressed the migration and proliferation of HASMCs with inducing apoptosis via AKT, p38, and bax upregulation, but significantly enhanced the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in HASMCs. Four-week-infusion of KP-10 into ApoE -/- mice significantly accelerated the development of aortic atherosclerotic lesions with increased monocyte/macrophage infiltration. Conclusions: Our results indicate that KP-10 accelerates atherogenesis by enhancing EC inflammatory responses and macrophage foam cell formation, In addition, KP-10 suppresses EC proliferation, VSMC migration and proliferation, but enhances MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in VSMCs, which may contribute to plaque instability, leading to plaque rupture. Thus, KP-10 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for acute coronary syndrome.