tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Linked-color imaging versus high definition white-light endoscopy for evaluation of post-polypectomy scars of nonpedunculated lesions: LCI-Scar study
Authors: Oswaldo Ortiz, Maria Daca-Alvarez, Liseth Rivero-Sánchez, Karmele Saez De Gordoa, Rebeca Moreira, Miriam Cuatrecasas, Francesc Balaguer, Maria Pellisé
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Abstract Background Detection and treatment of recurrence after piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection of nonpedunculated colorectal polyps are crucial for avoidance of post-colonoscopy cancer. Linked-color imaging (LCI) has demonstrated improved polyp detection but has never been assessed for evaluation of post-polypectomy scars. Our aim was to compare sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) between LCI and white-light endoscopy (WLE) for detection of post-polypectomy recurrence. Methods Patients undergoing surveillance colonoscopy after resection of lesions ≥15 mm were included in this prospective, single-center, randomized, crossover study. Each post-polypectomy scar underwent two examinations, one with LCI and the other with WLE, performed by two blinded endoscopists. Blue-light imaging (BLI) was then applied. A diagnosis of recurrence with a level of confidence was made for each modality and histopathology was the gold standard. Results 129 patients with 173 scars were included. Baseline patient, lesion, and procedural characteristics were similar in both arms. Recurrence was detected in 56/173 (32.4%), with 27/56 (48.2%) adenomas and 29/56 (51.8%) serrated lesions. LCI had greater sensitivity (96.4% [95%CI 87.8%–99.5%]) versus WLE (89.3% [95%CI 78.1%–95.9%]) and greater NPV (98.1% [95%CI 93.4%–99.8%] versus 94.6% [95%CI 88.7%–98.0%]). Paired concordance between modalities was 96.0%. In discordant cases, LCI identified four true-positive cases not detected by WLE and reclassified one false-positive of WLE. WLE reclassified two false positives of LCI without any increase in recurrence detection. Conclusions LCI was highly accurate and had greater ability than WLE to rule out recurrence on post-polypectomy scars after resection of large polyps.
Local Injection of Rapamycin‐Loaded Pcl‐Peg Nanoparticles for Enhanced Tendon Healing in Rotator Cuff Tears via Simultaneously Reducing Fatty Infiltration and Drug Toxicity
Authors: Jichao Ye, Yongbo Wang, Weike Zeng, Yuxiang Li, Bin Yao, Siheng Wang, Jun Wu, Jingyi Hou
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

As a common cause of shoulder pain, rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are difficult to treat clinically because of their unsatisfactory prognosis due to the fatty infiltration caused by muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs). Previous studies have found that rapamycin (RAPA) can inhibit fatty infiltration. However, systemic administration of RAPA may cause complications such as infection and nausea, while local administration of RAPA may lead to the cytotoxicity of tendon cells, affecting the healing of rotator cuffs. In this study, biocompatible and clinically approved polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol (PCL-PEG) is formulated into an injectable nanoparticle for the sustained release of RAPA. The results indicate that the RAPA/PCL-PEG nanoparticles (NPs) can efficiently prolong the release of RAPA and significantly reduce the cytotoxicity of tendon cells caused by RAPA. The study of the fatty infiltration model in rats with delayed rotator cuff repair shows that weekly intraarticular injection of RAPA/PCL-PEG NPs can more effectively reduce the fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy of rat rotator cuffs and leads to better mechanical properties and gait improvements than a daily intraarticular injection of RAPA. These findings imply that local injection of RAPA/PCL-PEG NPs in the shoulder joints can be a potential clinical option for RCTs patients with fatty infiltration.
Next generation of virtual chromoendoscopy improves adenoma detection during colonoscopy
Authors: Ralf Kiesslich
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

It is well known that standard chromoendoscopy is helpful for adenoma detection, especially in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [11]. However, standard chromoendoscopy requires dye application and a spraying catheter, which adds to the time and costs of colonoscopy. The acceptance of chromoendoscopy during daily routine is low.
Zirconium‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework Capable of Binding Proinflammatory Mediators in Hydrogel Form Promotes Wound Healing Process through a Multiscale Adsorption Mechanism
Authors: UnJin Ryu, Pham Ngoc Chien, Suin Jang, Xuan‐Tung Trinh, Hyeon Shin Lee, Le Thi Van Anh, Xin Rui Zhang, Nguyen Ngan Giang, Nguyen Van Long, Sun‐Young Nam, Chan Yeong Heo, Kyung Min Choi
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

The regulation of proinflammatory mediators has been explored to promote natural healing without abnormal inflammation or autoimmune response induced by their overproduction. However, most efforts to control these mediators have relied on pharmacological substances that are directly engaged in biological cycles. It is believed that functional porous materials removing target mediators provide a new way to promote the healing process using their adsorption mechanisms. In this study, the Zr-based metal-organic frameworks (MOF)-808 (Zr
Abstract 16087: Contemporary Use of Guideline Directed Heart Failure Medications in Patients With Centrifugal Durable Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Phoo Pwint Nandar, Larisa G Tereshchenko, Miriam Jacob, Pavan Bhat, Sanjeeb S Bhattacharya, Randall Starling, Wai Hong W Tang, Trejeeve M Martyn
Journal: Circulation (2023)

Introduction: As societal guidelines have recently supported, our large-volume center has recently protocolized the use of guideline directed medical therapy &lt;GDMT&gt; in patients with left ventricular assist devices &lt;LVAD&gt; to promote ventricular recovery. Hypothesis: We sought to understand the use of, and opportunity to improve upon, GDMT use in the LVAD population.To describe contemporary utilization of comprehensive GDMT in the &lt;HM3&gt; LVAD population and to characterize patient factors associated with use of HF medical therapy utilizing a comprehensive GDMT score. Methods: We conducted retrospective of analysis of patients who had HM3 implanted at our center &lt;N = 270&gt; and had at least one ambulatory visit for HF in the prior 12 months. Baseline characteristics, laboratory test, acute care utilization and GDMT score data were extracted from the nearest date of the ambulatory encounter to the data extraction date that occurred on 9/23/22. GDMT score &lt;range from 0 to 8&gt; composition includes beta-blocker, ACEI/ARB [0 for none, 1 for &lt;50% and 2 for ≥50% of max dose], MRA, SGLT2i, ARNI [0 for none and 2 for any dose] and ISDN/Hydra [0 for none and 1 for any dose]. Linear regression analyses of clinical variables associated with GDMT score were performed. Results: We observed mean score of 3.23 ± 1.7 with median of 3.0. In this study, mean age was 60, &gt;70% were Caucasian male and mean eGFR was 62. 49% of total cohort [135] were on beta-blocker, 75% [202] on ARB/ACE/ARNI, 47% [127] on MRA, and only 15% [40] on SGLT2i and 20% [53] on ISDN/Hydralazine. Majority [~95%] do not have absolute contraindication to GDMT [based on MAP &lt;65, eGFR &lt;30, K&gt; 5.0]. Adjusted multivariable regression analysis showed GDMT score &lt;/= 3 was associated with higher age [adjusted risk score of - 0.25 per every 10 years, 95% CI : -0.43 to - 0.65], higher MAP [adjusted risk score of - 0.19 per every 10 mmHg, 95% CI : -0.34 to - 0.03], and all-cause hospitalizations [adjusted risk score of - 0.23, 95% CI : -0.40 to - 0.06]. There was no significant association with gender, race, heart rate, NT-proBNP, eGFR, potassium and comorbidities. Conclusions: We identified significant opportunity to improve use of GDMT in the post LVAD population, with older age and frequent hospitalization being associated with worse GDMT use.
Abstract 13887: Longitudinal Trends in Donor and Recipient Risk Profile, and Clinical Outcomes, for Donation After Circulatory Death Heart Transplantation
Authors: Joseph B Lerman, Daniel M Guidot, Chetan B Patel, Richa Agarwal, Nancy K Sweitzer, Jeffrey Keenan, Carmelo A Milano, Jacob Schroder, Adam D Devore
Journal: Circulation (2023)

Background: The US rate of Donation after Circulatory Death (DCD) Heart Transplant (HT) increased threefold from 2020 to 2022. While early analyses of DCD HT have suggested similar outcomes compared to donation after brain death HT, this may be the result of a restrictive DCD donor and recipient selection process, intended to minimize risk in the first US DCD HT cohorts. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that risk profiles for DCD HT donors and recipients have increased over time, as DCD HT has rapidly expanded. We sought to identify longitudinal changes in risk profiles for DCD donors and recipients from 2019-2023, and determine if such changes have impacted post-DCD HT clinical outcomes. Methods: We analyzed the UNOS thoracic organ database from December 2019 to March 2023. DCD HT donor and recipient risk characteristics were evaluated over time for significant trend. One-year recipient survival was compared over time. Results: During the study period, 716 DCD HT were performed. Recipients were mostly male (79%), Caucasian (68%), and had mean age of 54 years. Over time, several donor and recipient characteristics were significantly different (Table, Figure). Donors were older, and had increased BMI, creatinine, and agonal phase to cross-clamp time, although overall lower ischemic time. Recipients were more likely to be status 1 or 2, and had increased BMI, waitlist time, creatinine, and CPRA. Donor and recipient comorbidities and mechanical support use were unchanged. Post-HT survival over time was unchanged. Conclusions: Since the first US DCD HT, several donor and recipient risk-factors have increased. These increased risk profiles have not translated into reduced one-year survival.
Abstract 12575: Diagnoses Associated With Telemedicine Use in Cardiology Clinics During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rongzi Shan, Jenny Y Chen, David Cho
Journal: Circulation (2023)

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic led to widespread adoption of telemedicine, which has persisted in healthcare delivery. We aimed to characterize telemedicine use in ambulatory cardiology clinics over 2 years following onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Question: What diagnoses are associated with telemedicine use in cardiology appointments? Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, demographic and encounter data of all cardiology clinic and telemedicine visits in the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Health System from 3/16/2020 to 6/27/2022 were obtained. Encounters were included if they were conducted by physicians, complete with ICD-10 codes, and not missing demographic data. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to model the association of diagnosis class (based on ICD-10 codes) with whether encounter was scheduled as telemedicine, adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, social vulnerability index, date, and zip code. Results: The analysis included 72,878 patients (49.8% women, age 61.5 ± 17.2 years, 57.2% white, 12.5% Hispanic, 82.6% with zip code in a UCLA Health service area) over 248,373 encounters. Each patient had a median of 2 encounters (range 1-82). Of all encounters, 27,894 (11.2%) were scheduled as telemedicine. Telemedicine was more likely used in management of chronic conditions, especially metabolic disorders (adjusted OR [aOR] 2.26, 95% CI 2.10-2.44) and cardiomyopathies (aOR 2.10, 95% CI 1.93-2.28), than for evaluation of undifferentiated signs/symptoms. Telemedicine was less likely used for general exam/screening (aOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.46-0.58) and heart transplant (aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.50-0.64; Table ). Conclusion: In this study, the most established use case for telemedicine in cardiology was care of chronic cardiac diagnoses among non-transplant patients. Ongoing maintenance of chronic cardiovascular conditions through telemedicine may be a sustainable healthcare delivery model post COVID-19 pandemic.
Inhaled NO in COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Yes or No?
Authors: Amos Lal, Mark T. Gladwin, Ognjen Gajic
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

"Inhaled NO in COVID-19 ARDS: Yes, or No?." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
Undiagnosed (or Unrecognized) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma: Does Active Case Finding Identify Clinically Impaired Patients with Treatment Potential?
Authors: Yunus Çolak
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

"Undiagnosed (or Unrecognised) COPD and Asthma: Does Active Case-Finding Identify Clinically Impaired Patients with Treatment Potential." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
PP2A inhibition causes synthetic lethality in BRCA2-mutated prostate cancer models via spindle assembly checkpoint reactivation
Authors: Jian Wang, Yuke Chen, Shiwei Li, Wanchang Liu, Xiao Albert Zhou, Yefei Luo, Zhanzhan Xu, Yundong Xiong, Kaiqi Cheng, Mingjian Ruan, Wei Yu, Xiaoman Li, Weibin Wang, Jiadong Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2023)

Mutations in the BRCA2 tumor suppressor gene have been associated with an increased risk of developing prostate cancer. One of the paradoxes concerning BRCA2 is the fact that its inactivation affects genetic stability and is deleterious for cellular and organismal survival, while BRCA2-mutated cancer cells adapt to this detriment and malignantly proliferate. Therapeutic strategies for tumors arising from BRCA2 mutations may be discovered by understanding these adaptive mechanisms. In this study, we conducted forward genetic synthetic viability screenings in C. elegans brc-2 (Cebrc-2) mutants and found that Ceubxn-2 inactivation rescued the viability of Cebrc-2 mutants. Moreover, loss of NSFL1C, the mammalian ortholog of CeUBXN-2, suppressed the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) activation and promoted the survival of BRCA2-deficient cells. Mechanistically, NSFL1C recruited USP9X to inhibit the polyubiquitination of AURKB and reduce the removal of AURKB from the centromeres by VCP, which is essential for SAC activation. SAC inactivation is common in BRCA2-deficient prostate cancer patients, but PP2A inhibitors could reactivate the SAC and achieve BRCA2-deficient prostate tumor synthetic lethality. Our research reveals the survival adaptation mechanism of BRCA2-deficient prostate tumor cells and provides different angles for exploring synthetic lethal inhibitors in addition to targeting DNA damage repair pathways.
Liver disease in germline mutations of telomere-related genes: Prevalence, clinical, radiological, pathological features, outcome, and risk factors
Authors: Sabrina Sidali, Raphaël Borie, Flore Sicre de Fontbrune, Kinan El Husseini, Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou, Elodie Lainey, Odile Goria, Bruno Crestani, Jacques Cadranel, Vincent Cottin, Vincent Bunel, Jérôme Dumortier, Emmanuel Jacquemin, Noémi Reboux, Sandrine Hirschi, Arnaud Bourdin, Magdalena Meszaros, Sebastien Dharancy, Sophie Hilaire, Vincent Mallet, Martine Reynaud-Gaubert, Louis Terriou, Frédéric Gottrand, Wadih Abou Chahla, Jean-Emmanuel Khan, Paul Carrier, Faouzi Saliba, Laura Rubbia-Brandt, John-David Aubert, Laure Elkrief, Victor de Lédinghen, Armand Abergel, Tournilhac Olivier, Pauline Houssel, Stephane Jouneau, Lidwine Wemeau, Anne Bergeron, Thierry Leblanc, Isabelle Ollivier-Hourmand, Eric Nguyen Khac, Hélène Morisse-Pradier, Ibrahima Ba, Catherine Boileau, Françoise Roudot-Thoraval, Valérie Vilgrain, Christophe Bureau, Hilario Nunes, Jean-Marc Naccache, François Durand, Claire Francoz, Dominique Roulot, Dominique Valla, Valérie Paradis, Caroline Kannengiesser, Aurélie Plessier
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

Background and Aim: Germline mutations of telomere-related genes (TRG) induce multiorgan dysfunction, and liver-specific manifestations have not been clearly outlined. We aimed to describe TRG mutations-associated liver diseases. Approach and Results: Retrospective multicenter analysis of liver disease (transaminases &gt; 30 IU/L and/or abnormal liver imaging) in patients with TRG mutations. Main measurements were characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors of liver disease in a TRG mutations cohort. The prevalence of liver disease was compared to a community-based control group (n = 1190) stratified for age and matched 1:3 for known risk factors of liver disease. Among 132 patients with TRG mutations, 95 (72%) had liver disease, with associated lung, blood, skin, rheumatological, and ophthalmological TRG diseases in 82%, 77%, 55%, 39%, and 30% of cases, respectively. Liver biopsy was performed in 52/95 patients, identifying porto-sinusoidal vascular disease in 48% and advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis in 15%. After a follow-up of 21 months (12–54), ascites, hepato-pulmonary syndrome, variceal bleeding, and HCC occurred in 14%, 13%, 13%, and 2% of cases, respectively. Five-year liver transplantation-free survival was 69%. A FIB-4 score ≥ 3·25 and ≥1 risk factor for cirrhosis were associated with poor liver transplantation-free survival. Liver disease was more frequent in patients with TRG mutations than in the paired control group [80/396, (20%)], OR 12.9 (CI 95%: 7.8–21.3, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: TRG mutations significantly increase the risk of developing liver disease. Although symptoms may be mild, they may be associated with severe disease. Porto-sinusoidal vascular disease and cirrhosis were the most frequent lesions, suggesting that the mechanism of action is multifactorial.
Gut microbiome-targeted therapies for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Tao Zhang, Guangqi Gao, Lai-Yu Kwok, Zhihong Sun
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

The advent of high­throughput ‘omics’ technologies has improved our knowledge of gut microbiome in human health and disease, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder. Frequent bidirectional communications and mutual regulation exist between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system through the gut-brain axis. A large body of research has reported a close association between the gut microbiota and AD development, and restoring a healthy gut microbiota may curb or even improve AD symptoms and progression. Thus, modulation of the gut microbiota has become a novel paradigm for clinical management of AD, and emerging effort has focused on developing potential novel strategies for preventing and/or treating the disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the connection and causal relationship between gut dysbiosis and AD, the mechanisms of gut microbiota in driving AD progression, and the successes and challenges of implementing available gut microbiome-targeted therapies (including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation) in preventive and/or therapeutic preclinical and clinical intervention studies of AD. Finally, we discuss the future directions in this field.
The Effects of Extremes of Temperature and Humidity
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cystic fibrosis screening, evaluation, and management of hepatobiliary disease consensus recommendations
Authors: Zachary M. Sellers, David N. Assis, Shruti M. Paranjape, Meghana Sathe, Frank Bodewes, Melissa Bowen, Marco Cipolli, Dominique Debray, Nicole Green, Kara S. Hughan, William R. Hunt, Julio Leey, Simon C. Ling, Giuseppe Morelli, Daniel Peckham, Rebeca S. Pettit, Alexander Philbrick, Janis Stoll, Kay Vavrina, Stacy Allen, Tara Goodwin, Sarah E. Hempstead, Michael R. Narkewicz
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) may cause a spectrum of hepatobiliary complications, including portal hypertension, multilobular cirrhosis, and liver failure. Current guidelines on the detection and monitoring of hepatobiliary complications in CF were published in 1999. The CF Foundation assembled a committee to evaluate research advances and formulate revised guidelines for CF-associated liver disease. A committee of hepatologists, gastroenterologists, pulmonologists, pharmacists, nurses, dietitians, individuals with CF, and the parents of a child with CF devised "population, intervention, comparison, and outcome" questions regarding hepatobiliary disease in CF. PubMed literature searches were performed for each population, intervention, comparison, and outcome question. Recommendations were voted on with 80% agreement required to approve a recommendation. Public comment on initial recommendations was solicited prior to the formulation of final recommendations. Thirty-one population, intervention, comparison, and outcome questions were assembled, 6401 manuscripts were title screened for relevance, with 1053 manuscripts undergoing detailed full-text review. Seven recommendations were approved for screening, 13 for monitoring of existing disease, and 14 for treatment of CF-associated hepatobiliary involvement or advanced liver disease. One recommendation on liver biopsy did not meet the 80% threshold. One recommendation on screening ultrasound was revised and re-voted on. Through a multidisciplinary committee and public engagement, we have assembled updated recommendations and guidance on screening, monitoring, and treatment of CF-associated hepatobiliary involvement and advanced liver disease. While research gaps remain, we anticipate that these recommendations will lead to improvements in CF outcomes through earlier detection and increased evidence-based approaches to monitoring and treatment.
Alternatives to animal testing to assess MASH drugs and hepatotoxicity
Authors: David A. Brenner
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Modernization Act 2.0 "allows for alternatives to animal testing for purposes of drug and biological product applications." This provides an opportunity to develop and improve alternatives to animal studies to assess drugs in the liver. Two-dimensional cultures of liver cells fail to maintain their differentiated state and fail to reproduce liver disease phenotypes. Therefore, several platforms using human liver cells are being developed either to (1) assess hepatotoxicity of drugs or (2) create "diseases in a dish" to assess the effectiveness of drugs in treating liver diseases, primarily focused on treating MASH. The technological approaches include precision cut liver slices, human liver spheroids, human liver organoids, bioprinted human liver tissues, and microphysiological systems. This review evaluates each of these technologies and their role in providing alternatives to testing in animals.