tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exposing Patients With Chronic, Stable, Exertional Angina to Placebo Periods in Drug Trials
Authors: Stephen P. Glasser
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Because the safety of withholding standard therapy and enrolling patients with stable angina in placebo-controlled trials is not known, we identified all events leading to dropout from trials of 12 antianginal drugs submitted in support of new drug applications to the US Food and Drug Administration. Persons who dropped out of the trials were classified as cause due to adverse cardiovascular events or other causes without knowledge of drug assignment. There were 3161 subjects who entered any randomized, double-blind phase of placebo-controlled protocols; 197 (6.2%) withdrew because of cardiovascular events. There was no difference in risk of adverse events between drug and placebo groups. A prospectively defined subgroup analysis showed that groups who received calcium antagonists were at an increased risk of dropout compared with placebo groups (<i>P</i>=.04), primarily because of a disproportionate number of adverse events in studies of one drug. In conclusion, there were few adverse experiences associated with short-term placebo use. Withholding active treatment does not increase the risk of serious cardiac events. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:1550-1554)
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 4, 20 February 1991, Pages 241–242, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.4.241 Published: 20 February 1991
Abstract 9763: Cardiac Beta-arrestin2 Promotes Contractility by Enhancing SERCA2a SUMOylation and Activity
Authors: Anastasios Lymperopoulos, Malika Jafferjee, Katie A McCrink, Thairy Reyes Valero, Christine Marrero, Ava Brill, Xupei Huang
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is the number one killer in the US and new treatments are needed. Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)-2a is a crucial cardiac protein regulating contractility and its downregulation is a molecular hallmark of chronic HF. Its activation underlies β1-adrenergic receptor (AR)-induced cardiac contractility. Agonist-bound β1ARs undergo functional desensitization/internalization due to the actions of βarrestin1 or -2. The two βarrestins are universal receptor adapter proteins and signal transducers thanks to protein scaffolding. Among the cellular processes they can regulate, is protein SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier)-ylation, generally increasing protein stability/levels. In the heart, βarrestin1 appears detrimental, whereas βarrestin2 beneficial, for structure and function post-myocardial infarction (MI). Post-MI βarrestin1 knockout mice display elevated SERCA2a activity and better contractility than post-MI wild type (WT) mice. In addition, reduced cardiac SERCA2a SUMOylation is known to underlie its downregulation in HF, decreasing cardiac contractility. Hypothesis: Cardiac β1AR-activated βarrestin2 promotes SERCA2a SUMOylation and activity, thereby regulating contractility. Methods &amp; Results: By studying individual βarrestin knockout heart extracts, we found that βarrestin2, but not βarrestin1, interacts with SERCA2a in the mouse heart in vivo, promoting the latter`s SUMOylation and activity. This interaction is direct, as indicated by pulldown and FRET experiments. In vitro studies in the cardiomyocyte line h9c2 indicate that this interaction is both β1AR-, and β-agonist-specific, and leads to increased Ubc9-dependent SERCA2a SUMOylation, which, in turn, acutely enhances SERCA2a activity. This results in significantly enhanced cardiac function in post-MI HF mice in vivo (Ejection Fraction of WT post-MI mice overexpressing βarrestin2 in the heart vs. control post-MI mice: 46+2.8% vs. 34+2.1%, respectively, p&lt;0.05, n=5). Conclusions: These results suggest that βarrestin2, presumed, like βarrestin1, to decrease cardiac function by desensitizing βARs, may actually (directly) enhance cardiac contractility, thereby opposing βarrestin1 in that regard.
Antioxidants In adipose tissue and risk of myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hans-Werner Hense, Angela Döring, AlwineF.M. Kardinaal, Pieter van 't Veer, FransJ. Kok, Giuseppe Paolisso, Antonio Gambardella, Domenico Galzerano, Michele Varricchio, Felice D'Onofrio
Journal: The Lancet (1994)
Prevalence and Correlates of Anticipatory Nausea and Vomiting in Chemotherapy Patients&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Morrow, Gary R.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Journal Article Prevalence and Correlates of Anticipatory Nausea and Vomiting in Chemotherapy Patients Get access Gary R. Morrow Gary R. Morrow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 68, Issue 4, April 1982, Pages 585–588, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/68.4.585 Published: 01 April 1982 Article history Received: 09 June 1981 Accepted: 06 November 1981 Published: 01 April 1982
How Does Tissue Banking Work? Virginia Bank, While Not Typical, May Offer Some Insights
Authors: Timothy F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1987)

VIRGINIA TISSUE BANK (VTB) is probably the largest freestanding tissue bank in the United States. It was also one of the first banks in this country to be accredited by the American Association of Tissue Banks. For those reasons, it is not typical of US tissue banks. The vast majority of tissue banks are small. They bank only one or a few types of tissue, are based in a local hospital, and are intended to serve only the needs of the individual surgeons who establish them. Most of the larger banks are based at a university or major medical center that has one or more transplant programs to create a demand for tissue. Only three tissue banks have been accredited to date. (Please see accompanying article.) Still, the Virginia Tissue Bank, located in Virginia Beach, provides a window on how tissue banking operates. The bank is a nonprofit foundation, set
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 23, 5 December 1990, Pages 1808–1810, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.23.1808-a Published: 05 December 1990
Intracutaneous Immune Serum Globulin Therapy in Allergic Children
Authors: Bettina C. Hilman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Fifty allergic children with perennial bronchial asthma, aged 14 months to 13 1/2 years, from three separate pediatric allergy clinics were studied by double-blind, single crossover design comparing minute amounts (0.1 ml) of serum immune globulin given intracutaneously with placebo (sterile physiological saline). The immune serum globulin used in the study was of the same lot number and of placental origin. Random permutation tables were used to assign patients to the treatment groups. The clinical responses to immune serum globulin were excellent in 3, good in 15, fair in 20, and poor in 12. The responses to placebo were excellent in 4, good in 17, fair in 19, and poor in 10. It was concluded that there was no significant difference in the effects of immune serum globulin over those of placebo in the management of children with allergy in this study group.
HTLV-III Antibody Testing: The False-Negative Rate
Authors: Roslyn Yomtovian
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> During the last several months, much attention has been directed to the number of false-positive results of the test for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) antibody.<sup>1</sup>Concern has focused primarily on use of this test to screen blood donors and the worry that a large number of healthy donors would be falsely branded as HTLV-III viral carriers.<sup>2</sup>While this is an important and valid concern, some of this worry has already been dispelled.<sup>1</sup>What remains largely unaddressed, however, is the number of false-negative results of the HTLV-III antibody test. There are now published case reports of individuals who are HTLV-III viral culture positive, but HTLV-III antibody negative.<sup>3</sup>The frequency of such cases is currently unknown. Such persons may be nonresponders to the specific inciting antigens or produce levels of antibody below the technical level of detectability. In addition, although there is
Phytohemagglutinin or Pokeweed Mitogen Induction of In Vitro Colony Formation by T-Cells From Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Vito Pistoia, Arcangelo Nocera, Riccardo Ghio, Paola Minale, Manlio Ferrarini
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

The colony-forming capacity of peripheral blood T-cells isolated from B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients was studied and compared with that of peripheral blood T-cells isolated from 2 groups of normal controls (young and aged healthy donors). Upon stimulation with phytohemagglutinin or pokeweed mitogen, T-cells from both the patients and the controls developed into colonies but only in the presence of the appropriate conditioned media. When the responses of the 3 groups were compared, no statistically significant differences were detected. However, the number of patients who failed to respond to phytohemagglutinin was larger than that of normal controls. Studies on a selected group of patients demonstrated that such unresponsiveness was unrelated to the presence of suppressor cells or to inadequate conditions used for stimulation in culture. Rather, this unresponsiveness may be connected with an intrinsic T-cell defect present in certain B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients.
Simpler Vaccine Schedules Target More Tykes
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

IN AN effort to get most, if not all, of the 2-year-old children in the United States immunized with all the currently recommended vaccines, childhood immunization schedules are being simplified. At a regular meeting of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), "we had several discussions about the current childhood immunization schedule, with a view to making it easier to increase coverage in preschool children," says Stephen C. Hadler, MD, chief of the Surveillance, Investigation, and Research Branch of the National Immunization Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. The Clinton administration has called for the immunization of 90% of the nation's children under 2 years of age by 1996 with [all] the currently recommended childhood vaccines. This means three doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine, three doses of oral polio vaccine; three doses of<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>type b conjugate vaccine, and one dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine
THE DETECTION OF RENOVASCULAR HYPERTENSION
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Temperature
Authors: Theodor H. Benzinger
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Quantitative mechanisms that regulate normal temperature and determine its clinical aberrations have been found with the methods of gradient calorimetry and tympanic thermometry. Homeostasis is achieved by warm-sensitive neurons of a "human thermostat" or "temperature-eye" in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus. These fire and excite sweating and vasodilatation for heat loss when their temperature exceeds a sharply determined set point near 37 C (98.6 F). Similar warm-sensitive neurons inhibit, through a synaptic station in the posterior portion of the hypothalamus, the metabolic response to cold which is excited by cold-receptors of the skin firing from thresholds at 33 to 35 C (91.4 to 95 F). Pyrogens depress or extinguish firing of central thermoreceptors. The set point is shifted. Fever develops. These findings provide a basis for the understanding of clinical temperature, and the tool for its reliable measurement—tympanic, not rectal thermometry.
Acetaminophen and Risk Factors for Excess Anticoagulation With Warfarin
Authors: Carlos Estrada
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hyperplastic and Early Neoplastic Changes in the Ovaries of Mice After Genic Deletion of Germ Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Edwin D. Murphy
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

The spontaneous development of complex tubular adenomas in the ovaries of (C57BL/6J × C3H/HeJ)F1-WxWv hybrids was studied between the ages of 1 day and 22 weeks. The ovaries contained fewer than 1% of the normal complement of oocytes at 1 day of age. There was an exponential decrease in number of oocytes until none were present at 13 weeks. At 1 day of age the ovaries were composed predominantly of cords of pregranulosa cells. As the few oocytes and follicles surviving to sexual maturity grew, ovulated, and formed corpora lutea, interstitial cell hyperplasia, ingrowth of “germinal” epithelial tubules, and hyperplasia of the rete ovarii developed rapidly. By 8 weeks of age an intermixed proliferation of interstitial cells and “germinal” epithelial tubules began, accompanied by invasion of adjacent muscle, fat, and thin-walled vessels. The entire ovary was permeated and the diagnosis of complex tubular adenoma was made in 13 of 19 ovaries at 17 weeks, and in 19 of 20 ovaries at 22 weeks. Interstitial cells formed within granulosa cell cords, in the theca interna of atretic follicles, within degenerating corpora lutea, in the lining of the rete ovarii, directly from stromal cells, and in intimate association with “germinal” epithelial tubules. After the loss of the follicular apparatus, sex hormones continued to be produced in mice with ovaries containing hyperplastic interstitial cells.
A New Strategy to Prevent the Spread of AIDS Among Heterosexuals
Authors: Dean F. Echenberg
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Until recently, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been considered a disease only of certain specific high-risk groups: homosexual and bisexual men, intravenous drug users, recent Haitian immigrants, hemophiliacs, and persons who had received transfusions of blood or blood products. The primary public health strategy for controlling AIDS was to educate these high-risk groups about the disease and its transmission so that they could reduce their own risk of acquiring and transmitting it. This control strategy implied that AIDS was occurring only within these groups and that it would remain there. In San Francisco this strategy has been employed for some years with dramatic, sustained changes in high-risk sexual activity among homosexual men. Rectal gonorrhea rates in San Francisco have sharply declined, and other sexually transmitted diseases have shown similar decreases (San Francisco Department of Public Health, unpublished data, June 1985). However, even though the number of high-risk sexual contacts
Modern Medicine: Its Theory and Practice in Original Contributions by American and Foreign Authors.
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Vestibular Vertigo
Authors: Kedar K. Adour
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Vestibular vertigo traditionally has been considered to be of viral origin and some forms (acute vestibular neuronitis, acute labyrinthitis, acute vertigo) may be manifestations of a viral cranial polyneuritis. To test this hypothesis, otoneurologic signs and serum complement-fixation titers to herpes simplex and herpes zoster were determined in 16 patients with acute vertigo during their attack and several weeks later. One hundred unselected patients seen for nonotoneurologic problems served as control subjects. In addition to vestibular nerve abnormality, all patients with vertigo had some form of cranial nerve abnormality that cleared within four weeks of onset. These transient acute cranial nerve findings in patients with vestibular vertigo support the concept of inflammatory polyneuritis, and preliminary studies indicate that an anti-inflammatory agent such as prednisone may be the preferred treatment. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:1564-1567)
Diseases of the Nervous System.
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cancer of the Urogenital Tract: Testicular Tumors
Authors: Philip Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The exigency in coping with the problems of the testicular tumor patient resides in the high incidence of this disease in the young male. Although neoplasms of the testes constitute only approximately 1% of all malignant growths in men, they are the most common tumor in men between the ages of 29 to 35 years; the majority occur in men between 20 to 40 years of age. The analysis of prognostic factors is of great concern since this tumor occurs in the prime of life. It is agreed by most authors<sup>1-4</sup>that the size of the tumor, location, maldescent, and duration of symptoms or history of trauma are of no importance. The importance of some factors is not generally agreed upon; these include associated pain, urinary gonadotropin titer, and gynecomastia. Parker and Holyoke<sup>1</sup>point out that gynecomastia is an ominous finding since only 2 out of 11 of
Substance Abuse and Adolescent Suicidal Behavior
Authors: Frank E. Crumley
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Evidence suggests a significant association between use of psychoactive substances among adolescents and suicidal behavior among adolescents during the past two decades. Accumulating evidence, although not unanimous, supports the hypothesis of psychoactive substance abuse among adolescents as a risk factor for a range of suicidal behavior—ideation, attempted suicide, and completed suicide. With increasing rates of psychoactive substance abuse for the adolescent population during the past 20 years, this appears to be an increasingly important factor. It is not known if the association is causal. Psychoactive substance abuse appears to be associated with a greater frequency and repetitiveness of suicide attempts, more medically lethal attempts, a measured seriousness of intention, and greater suicidal ideation. Additional data support a specific association between alcohol intoxication and suicide by firearms among adolescents. Adolescents who abuse psychoactive substances, particularly those with any type of depressive disorder, appear to be at higher risk for suicidal behavior and may need appropriate psychiatric treatment. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:3051-3056)