Adolescent transport and unintentional injuries: a systematic analysis using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Amy E Peden, Patricia Cullen, Kate Louise Francis, Holger Moeller, Margaret M Peden, Pengpeng Ye, Maoyi Tian, Zhiyong Zou, Susan M Sawyer, Amirali Aali, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Michael Abdelmasseh, Meriem Abdoun, Rami Abd-Rabu, Deldar Morad Abdulah, Getachew Abebe, Ayele Mamo Abebe, Aidin Abedi, Hassan Abidi, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hiwa Abubaker Ali, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Denberu Eshetie Adane, Tigist Demssew Adane, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Ololade Grace Adewole, Sangeet Adhikari, Mohammad Adnan, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Bachelor Afolabi, Saira Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Zahra Babaei Aghdam, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Haroon Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Jivan Qasim Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Janardhana P Aithala, Budi Aji, Meisam Akhlaghdoust, Fares Alahdab, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Astawus Alemayehu, Hanadi Al Hamad, Syed Shujait Ali, Liaqat Ali, Yousef Alimohamadi, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Louay Almidani, Sami Almustanyir, Khalid A Altirkawi, Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Tarek Tawfik Amin, Mehrdad Amir-Behghadami, Sohrab Amiri, Hoda Amiri, Tadele Fentabil Anagaw, Tudorel Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Davood Anvari, Sumadi Lukman Anwar, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Asrat Arja, Judie Arulappan, Ashokan Arumugam, Armin Aryannejad, Saeed Asgary, Tahira Ashraf, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Alok Atreya, Sameh Attia, Avinash Aujayeb, Atalel Fentahun Awedew, Sina Azadnajafabad, Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Samad Azari, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Hosein Azizi, Ahmed Y Azzam, Ashish D Badiye, Nayereh Baghcheghi, Sara Bagherieh, Atif Amin Baig, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Asaminew Birhanu Balta, Maciej Banach, Palash Chandra Banik, Hansi Bansal, Mainak Bardhan, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Amadou Barrow, Azadeh Bashiri, Pritish Baskaran, Saurav Basu, Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn, Abebe Ayalew Bekel, Alehegn Bekele Bekele, Salaheddine Bendak, Isabela M Bensenor, Alemshet Yirga Berhie, Devidas S Bhagat, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Ajay Nagesh Bhat, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Sadia Bibi, Bagas Suryo Bintoro, Saeid Bitaraf, Belay Boda Abule Bodicha, Archith Boloor, Souad Bouaoud, Julie Brown, Katrin Burkart, Nadeem Shafique Butt, Muhammad Hammad Butt, Luis Alberto Cámera, Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon, Chao Cao, Andre F Carvalho, Márcia Carvalho, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Eeshwar K Chandrasekar, Jung-Chen Chang, Periklis Charalampous, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Bitew Mekonnen Chekole, Abdulaal Chitheer, Daniel Youngwhan Cho, Hitesh Chopra, Devasahayam J Christopher, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Natália Cruz-Martins, Omid Dadras, Saad M A Dahlawi, Xiaochen Dai, Giovanni Damiani, Gary L Darmstadt, Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Saswati Das, Anna Dastiridou, Sisay Abebe Debela, Amin Dehghan, Getnet Makasha Demeke, Andreas K Demetriades, Solomon Demissie, Fikadu Nugusu Dessalegn, Abebaw Alemayehu Desta, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Nancy Diao, Diana Dias da Silva, Daniel Diaz, Lankamo Ena Digesa, Mengistie Diress, Shirin Djalalinia, Linh Phuong Doan, Milad Dodangeh, Paul Narh Doku, Deepa Dongarwar, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Ebrahim Eini, Michael Ekholuenetale, Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo, Ahmed Elabbas Mustafa Elagali, Mostafa Ahmed Elbahnasawy, Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Muhammed Elhadi, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Daniel Berhanie Enyew, Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Farshid Etaee, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Pawan Sirwan Faris, Abbas Farmany, Andre Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Ali Fatehizadeh, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Abdullah Hamid Feroze, Getahun Fetensa, Bikila Regassa Feyisa, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Behzad Foroutan, Masoud Foroutan, Kayode Raphael Fowobaje, Richard Charles Franklin, Takeshi Fukumoto, Peter Andras Gaal, Muktar A Gadanya, Yaseen Galali, Nasrin Galehdar, Balasankar Ganesan, Tushar Garg, Mesfin Gebrehiwot Damtew Gebrehiwot, Yosef Haile Gebremariam, Yibeltal Yismaw Gela, Urge Gerema, Mansour Ghafourifard, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Reza Ghanbari, Mohammad Ghasemi Nour, Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Ali Gholami, Ali Gholamrezanezhad, Sherief Ghozy, Syed Amir Gilani, Tiffany K Gill, Iago Giné-Vázquez, Zeleke Abate Girma, James C Glasbey, Franklin N Glozah, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Michal Grivna, Habtamu Alganeh Guadie, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane, Yuming Guo, Veer Bala Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Bhawna Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Rabih Halwani, Randah R Hamadeh, Sajid Hameed, Asif Hanif, Arief Hargono, Netanja I Harlianto, Mehdi Harorani, Ahmed I Hasaballah, S M Mahmudul Hasan, Amr Hassan, Soheil Hassanipour, Hadi Hassankhani, Rasmus J Havmoeller, Simon I Hay, Mohammad Heidari, Delia Hendrie, Demisu Zenbaba Heyi, Yuta Hiraike, Ramesh Holla, Nobuyuki Horita, Sheikh Jamal Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain Hossain, Sedighe Hosseini Shabanan, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Sorin Hostiuc, Amir Human Hoveidaei, Alexander Kevin Hsiao, Salman Hussain, Amal Hussein, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Mustapha Immurana, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Rakibul M Islam, Mohammad Mainul Islam, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Linda Merin J, Haitham Jahrami, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Manthan Dilipkumar Janodia, Tahereh Javaheri, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Umesh Umesh Jayarajah, Sudha Jayaraman, Jayakumar Jeganathan, Bedru Jemal, Ravi Prakash Jha, Jost B Jonas, Tamas Joo, Nitin Joseph, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Ali Kabir, Vidya Kadashetti, Dler Hussein Kadir, Laleh R Kalankesh, Leila R Kalankesh, Rohollah Kalhor, Vineet Kumar Kamal, Rajesh Kamath, Himal Kandel, Rami S Kantar, Neeti Kapoor, Hassan Karami, Ibraheem M Karaye, Samad Karkhah, Patrick DMC Katoto, Joonas H Kauppila, Gbenga A Kayode, Leila Keikavoosi-Arani, Cumali Keskin, Yousef Saleh Khader, Himanshu Khajuria, Mohammad Khammarnia, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Maseer Khan, Yusra H Khan, Imteyaz A Khan, Abbas Khan, Moien AB Khan, Javad Khanali, Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani, Jagdish Khubchandani, Zemene Demelash Kifle, Jihee Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Sezer Kisa, Adnan Kisa, Cameron J Kneib, Farzad Kompani, Hamid Reza Koohestani, Parvaiz A Koul, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Nithin Kumar, Naveen Kumar, Narinder Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Om P Kurmi, Lucie Laflamme, Judit Lám, Iván Landires, Bagher Larijani, Savita Lasrado, Paolo Lauriola, Carlo La Vecchia, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Yo Han Lee, Sang-woong Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Samson Mideksa Legesse, Shanshan Li, Stephen S Lim, László Lorenzovici, Amana Ogeto Luke, Farzan Madadizadeh, Áurea M Madureira-Carvalho, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Soleiman Mahjoub, Ata Mahmoodpoor, Razzagh Mahmoudi, Marzieh Mahmoudimanesh, Azeem Majeed, Alaa Makki, Elaheh Malakan Rad, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Ahmad Azam Malik, Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Elezebeth Mathews, Sazan Qadir Maulud, Dennis Mazingi, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Oliver Mendoza-Cano, Ritesh G Menezes, Dechasa Adare Mengistu, Alexios-Fotios A Mentis, Atte Meretoja, Mohamed Kamal Mesregah, Tomislav Mestrovic, Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ted R Miller, Seyed Peyman Mirghaderi, Andreea Mirica, Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Moonis Mirza, Sanjeev Misra, Prasanna Mithra, Chaitanya Mittal, Madeline E Moberg, Mokhtar Mohammadi, Soheil Mohammadi, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Shafiu Mohammed, Teroj Abdulrahman Mohammed, Mohammad Mohseni, Ali H Mokdad, Sara Momtazmanesh, Lorenzo Monasta, Mohammad Ali Moni, Rafael Silveira Moreira, Shane Douglas Morrison, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Haleh Mousavi Isfahani, Sumaira Mubarik, Lorenzo Muccioli, Soumyadeep Mukherjee, Francesk Mulita, Ghulam Mustafa, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Vinay Nangia, Hasan Nassereldine, Zuhair S Natto, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Ionut Negoi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Samata Nepal, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Nafise Noroozi, Virginia Nuñez-Samudio, Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Chimedsuren Ochir, Julius Nyerere Odhiambo, Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Osaretin Christabel Okonji, Andrew T Olagunju, Ahmed Omar Bali, Emad Omer, Adrian Otoiu, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Nikita Otstavnov, Bilcha Oumer, Mayowa O Owolabi, Mahesh P A, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Mohammad Taha Pahlevan Fallahy, Tamás Palicz, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal, Shahina Pardhan, Eun-Kee Park, Sangram Kishor Patel, Aslam Ramjan Pathan, Siddhartha Pati, Uttam Paudel, Shrikant Pawar, Paolo Pedersini, Mario F P Peres, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Michael R Phillips, Julian David Pillay, Zahra Zahid Piracha, Mohsen Poursadeqiyan, Naeimeh Pourtaheri, Ibrahim Qattea, Amir Radfar, Ata Rafiee, Pankaja Raghav Raghav, Fakher Rahim, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Firman Suryadi Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Shayan Rahmani, Sheetal Raj Moolambally, Sheena Ramazanu, Kiana Ramezanzadeh, Juwel Rana, Chythra R Rao, Sowmya J Rao, Vahid Rashedi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Prateek Rastogi, Azad Rasul, Salman Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Reza Rawassizadeh, Negar Rezaei, Nazila Rezaei, Mohsen Rezaeian, Aziz Rezapour, Abanoub Riad, Muhammad Riaz, Jennifer Rickard, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Leonardo Roever, Luca Ronfani, Bedanta Roy, Manjula S, Aly M A Saad, Siamak Sabour, Leila Sabzmakan, Basema Saddik, Malihe Sadeghi, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Umar Saeed, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Sher Zaman Safi, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Harihar Sahoo, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Morteza Saki, Payman Salamati, Sana Salehi, Marwa Rashad Salem, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Muhammad Arif Nadeem Saqib, Yaser Sarikhani, Arash Sarveazad, Brijesh Sathian, Maheswar Satpathy, Ganesh Kumar Saya, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider, David C Schwebel, Hamed Seddighi, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Allen Seylani, Hosein Shabaninejad, Melika Shafeghat, Pritik A Shah, Saeed Shahabi, Ataollah Shahbandi, Fariba Shahraki-Sanavi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Elaheh Shaker, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Mohd Shanawaz, Mohammed Shannawaz, Mequannent Melaku Sharew Sharew, Neeraj Sharma, Bereket Beyene Shashamo, Maryam Shayan, Rahim Ali Sheikhi, Jiabin Shen, B Suresh Kumar Shetty, Pavanchand H Shetty, Jae Il Shin, Nebiyu Aniley Shitaye, K M Shivakumar, Parnian Shobeiri, Seyed Afshin Shorofi, Sunil Shrestha, Soraya Siabani, Negussie Boti Sidemo, Wudneh Simegn, Ehsan Sinaei, Paramdeep Singh, Robert Sinto, Md Shahjahan Siraj, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, David A Sleet, Chandan S N, Bogdan Socea, Marco Solmi, Yonatan Solomon, Yi Song, Raúl A R C Sousa, Ireneous N Soyiri, Mark A Stokes, Muhammad Suleman, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Jing Sun, Miklós Szócska, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei, Mohammad Tabish, Ensiyeh Taheri, Moslem Taheri Soodejani, Mircea Tampa, Ker-Kan Tan, Ingan Ukur Tarigan, Md Tariqujjaman, Nathan Y Tat, Vivian Y Tat, Arash Tavakoli, Belay Negash Tefera, Yibekal Manaye Tefera, Gebremaryam Temesgen, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Pugazhenthan Thangaraju, Rekha Thapar, Nikhil Kenny Thomas, Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu, Marius Belmondo Tincho, Amir Tiyuri, Munkhsaikhan Togtmol, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Mai Thi Ngoc Tran, Sana Ullah, Saif Ullah, Irfan Ullah, Srikanth Umakanthan, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Era Upadhyay, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Pascual R Valdez, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Siavash Vaziri, Massimiliano Veroux, Dominique Vervoort, Francesco S Violante, Vasily Vlassov, Linh Gia Vu, Yasir Waheed, Yanzhong Wang, Yuan-Pang Wang, Cong Wang, Taweewat Wiangkham, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Abay Tadesse Woday, Ai-Min Wu, Gahin Abdulraheem Tayib Yahya, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Lin Yang, Sanni Yaya, Arzu Yigit, Vahit Yiğit, Eshetu Yisihak, Naohiro Yonemoto, Yuyi You, Mustafa Z Younis, Chuanhua Yu, Ismaeel Yunusa, Hossein Yusefi, Mazyar Zahir, Sojib Bin Zaman, Iman Zare, Kourosh Zarea, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Yunquan Zhang, Arash Ziapour, Sanjay Zodpey, Mohammad Zoladl, George C Patton, Rebecca Q Ivers
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2022)

Globally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity for adolescents. We sought to report comprehensive trends in injury-related mortality and morbidity for adolescents aged 10-24 years during the past three decades.Using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2019 Study, we analysed mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to transport and unintentional injuries for adolescents in 204 countries. Burden is reported in absolute numbers and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population by sex, age group (10-14, 15-19, and 20-24 years), and sociodemographic index (SDI) with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We report percentage changes in deaths and DALYs between 1990 and 2019.In 2019, 369 061 deaths (of which 214 337 [58%] were transport related) and 31·1 million DALYs (of which 16·2 million [52%] were transport related) among adolescents aged 10-24 years were caused by transport and unintentional injuries combined. If compared with other causes, transport and unintentional injuries combined accounted for 25% of deaths and 14% of DALYs in 2019, and showed little improvement from 1990 when such injuries accounted for 26% of adolescent deaths and 17% of adolescent DALYs. Throughout adolescence, transport and unintentional injury fatality rates increased by age group. The unintentional injury burden was higher among males than females for all injury types, except for injuries related to fire, heat, and hot substances, or to adverse effects of medical treatment. From 1990 to 2019, global mortality rates declined by 34·4% (from 17·5 to 11·5 per 100 000) for transport injuries, and by 47·7% (from 15·9 to 8·3 per 100 000) for unintentional injuries. However, in low-SDI nations the absolute number of deaths increased (by 80·5% to 42 774 for transport injuries and by 39·4% to 31 961 for unintentional injuries). In the high-SDI quintile in 2010-19, the rate per 100 000 of transport injury DALYs was reduced by 16·7%, from 838 in 2010 to 699 in 2019. This was a substantially slower pace of reduction compared with the 48·5% reduction between 1990 and 2010, from 1626 per 100 000 in 1990 to 838 per 100 000 in 2010. Between 2010 and 2019, the rate of unintentional injury DALYs per 100 000 also remained largely unchanged in high-SDI countries (555 in 2010 vs 554 in 2019; 0·2% reduction). The number and rate of adolescent deaths and DALYs owing to environmental heat and cold exposure increased for the high-SDI quintile during 2010-19.As other causes of mortality are addressed, inadequate progress in reducing transport and unintentional injury mortality as a proportion of adolescent deaths becomes apparent. The relative shift in the burden of injury from high-SDI countries to low and low-middle-SDI countries necessitates focused action, including global donor, government, and industry investment in injury prevention. The persisting burden of DALYs related to transport and unintentional injuries indicates a need to prioritise innovative measures for the primary prevention of adolescent injury.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.