tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Personal View
Authors: M H M Harrison
Journal: BMJ (1987)

<h3>Background</h3> Several randomized controlled trials have provided level IA evidence for the efficiency of endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke. We assessed the adherence to current endovascular treatment guidelines in acute ischemic stroke according to geographical region, hospital setting, medical specialty and physicians’ characteristics. <h3>Methods</h3> An international cross-sectional survey of stroke physicians and interventionalists was conducted to understand their current practice and therapy decision-making in acute stroke. Participants were randomly assigned 10 cases out of a pool of 22 scenarios and asked how they would treat the patient. Adherence to the <i>2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients</i><i> with Acute Ischemic Stroke From the American Stroke Association</i> was analyzed, and subgroup analyses were performed for different geographical regions, hospital settings, medical subspecialty, physician experience and age. <h3>Results</h3> 607 physicians (53.6% neurologists, 28.7% interventionalists, 13.3% neurosurgeons, 4.7% other) from 38 countries participated in this survey. Overall guideline adherence in cases based on level of evidence 1A and 2B was 86.1% and 66.6%. For level 1A case scenarios, adherence differed significantly across different specialties (ranging from 90.4% to 56.5%, p&lt;0.001) and different geographic regions (ranging from 89.9% to 72.0%, p&lt;0.001). Physicians with a higher adherence to treatment guidelines performed significantly more EVT cases per year than those with a lower adherence (median 30, IQR 35 vs. 15, IQR 25, p&lt;0.001). In level 2B scenarios, the overall decision rate in favor of EVT was lower (66.6%) and the differences in decision rates between different specialties (73.7% - 40%, p&lt;0.001) and regions (73.9% - 47.1%, p&lt;0.001) were more pronounced. Again, physicians opting for EVT performed significantly more EVTs per year (median 30, IQR 30 vs. 20, IQR 30, p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The high overall adherence to current endovascular stroke treatment guidelines suggests strong consensus within the neurointerventional community. Physician caseload played an important role in our sample. <h3>Disclosures</h3> <b>J. Ospel:</b> None. <b>N. Kashani:</b> None. <b>A. Wilson:</b> None. <b>W. Kunz:</b> None. <b>P. Sylaia:</b> None. <b>B. Baxter:</b> None. <b>B. Campbell:</b> None. <b>U. Fischer:</b> None. <b>A. Rabinstein:</b> None. <b>S. Yoshimura:</b> None. <b>J. Heo:</b> None. <b>B. Kim:</b> None. <b>M. Cherian:</b> None. <b>F. Turjman:</b> None. <b>M. Foss:</b> None. <b>B. Menon:</b>None. <b>G. Saposnik:</b> None. <b>M. Hill:</b> None. <b>M. Goyal:</b> None. <b>M. Almekhlafi:</b> 1; C; unrestricted research grant by Stryker to the University of Calgary.
Quality-Adjusted Life-Years
Authors: John La Puma
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Quality-adjusted life-years have been used in economic analyses as a measure of health outcomes, one that reflects both lives saved and patients' valuations of quality of life in alternative health states. The concept of "cost per qualityadjusted life year" as a guideline for resource allocation is founded on six ethical assumptions: quality of life can be accurately measured and used, utilitarianism is acceptable, equity and efficiency are compatible, projections of community preferences can substitute for individual preferences, the old have less "capacity to benefit" than the young, and physicians will not use quality-adjusted life-years as clinical maxims. Quality-adjusted life-years signal two shifts in the locus of control and the nature of the clinical encounter: first, formal expressions of community preferences and societal usefulness would counterbalance patient autonomy, and second, formal tools of resource allocation and applied decision analysis would counterbalance the use of clinical judgment. These shifts reflect and reinforce a new financial ethos in medical decision making. Presently using quality-adjusted life-years for health policy decisions is problematic and speculative; using quality-adjusted life-years at the bedside is dangerous. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:2917-2921)
Carcinogenicity of Airborne Combustion Products Observed in Subcutaneous Tissue and Lungs of Laboratory Rodents
Authors: Friedrich Pott, Werner Stober
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Most air pollution in West Germany is caused by combustion products. Particulate organic matter released by incomplete combustion is suspected to contribute to the "urban factor" of lung cancer frequency in urban-industrial centers. The carcinogenic potential of single components, groups of compounds and total source emissions of combustion processes was investigated in laboratory animals by subcutaneous injection, intratracheal instillation or inhalation. Tests by subcutaneous injection of condensates of automobile exhaust, extracts of coal furnace emissions and of airborne particles and different fractions of these extracts showed that the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) with four to six benzene rings have the strongest experimental carcinogenicity. However, polar compounds (heterocyclic nitrogen-containing PAH, phenols, and others) also show remarkable carcinogenic potency. There were large differences between the dose-response relationships of several PAHs. In the subcutaneous tissue, benzo(a)pyrene and dibenz(a,h)anthracene are the most carcinogenic of the tested airborne PAHs. Furthermore, they can induce high tumor rates in the lung after subcutaneous injection in newborn mice and after intratracheal instillation of mice or hamsters. The tumor rate of benzo(a)pyrene did not further increase after simultaneous instillation of carbon black, but lead chloride may have a promoting effect. Far more than 100 PAHs are found in the urban atmosphere. However, because of the remarkable similarity of the PAH profiles in the examined samples, it may be sufficient to measure just a few stable PAHs in the urban air in order to facilitate an assessment of the carcinogenic potency of the PAH content in the atmosphere. To examine the carcinogenic or cocarcinogenic effects of gas and vapor emissions, studies with a two-phase model were carried out: phase 1 relates to the induction of a basic tumor rate in the lung by a well known carcinogen, while phase 2 is characterized by an inhalation of the substance under investigation. In an experiment with mice, the inhalation of a mixture of SO2 and NO2 seemed to increase the basic tumor rate induced by dibenz(a,h)anthracene. In a similar two-phase experiment conducted with hamsters, the inhalation of diesel exhaust (total exhaust as well as exhaust without particles) increased a basic tumor rate induced by diethyl nitrosamine. These experiments deserve confirmation before a detailed interpretation is attempted.
Phase 1b Study of BET Inhibitor PLX2853 in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia or High Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Alice S. Mims, Melhem Solh, Uma Borate, Naveen Pemmaraju, Gautam Borthakur, Gail J. Roboz, Ben Powell, Paul Severson, Bernice Matusow, Jason Halladay, Ching Hsu, Paul Watkins, Chao Zhang, Jackie M. Walling, Athanasios C. Tsiatis, Amy E. DeZern
Journal: Blood (2020)
Nodal Metastasis is Highly Consistent in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva
Authors: Richard T. Penson, Arlan F. Fuller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

Article Tools SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.8.2364 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11304789 Nodal Metastasis is Highly Consistent in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva Richard T. PensonxRichard T. PensonSearch for articles by this author , Arlan F. Fuller JrxArlan F. Fuller JrSearch for articles by this author Show More Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2001.19.8.2364 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2001 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Growth velocity in a child on prolonged hemodialysis. Beneficial effect of 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3
Authors: J. C. Chan
Journal: JAMA (1977)

SECONDARY hyperparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy, and growth failure nearly invariably develop in children on prolonged hemodialysis.<sup>1-3</sup>We report our experience with a child who showed acceleration of growth velocity in response to treatment with the analogue (1-α-hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>) of the kidney hormone, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>(1,25-[OH]<sub>2</sub>-D<sub>3</sub>). <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 11-year-old girl entered the hemodialysis program for irreversible end-stage kidney failure secondary to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Over the next four years, she received four to six hours of dialysis treatment three times per week on parallel flow and/or coil disposable dialyzers. Vascular access, dialysis procedures, delivery system, and dietary and antihypertensive therapy were identical to the standard methods previously reported from this unit.<sup>1,4,5</sup>The caloric and protein intakes at 12,13, and 14 years of age are shown in the Table. Treatment with 1-α-hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>(1-α-OH-D<sub>3</sub>) was initiated four months prior to
PTH-243 Intra-abdominal adhesions: identifying the “sticking point(s)” using novel cine-magnetic resonance image analysis. pilot results
Authors: D Randall, J Fenner, R Gillott, P Spencer, C Strik, HV Goor, F Joosten, KD Bardhan
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Peritoneal adhesion formation is a common complication of abdominal surgery and is associated with chronic abdominal pain, bowel obstruction, female infertility and reoperation complications. Non-invasive diagnosis has the potential to improve patient management by determining the cause of symptoms. Cine-MR (cMR) has been used for this purpose<sup>1</sup>but in our experience has proven labour intensive and with high inter-operator variability. We previously presented a mathematical interpretation of abdominal movement in cMR to infer gross abnormalities.<sup>2</sup>We have since refined our approach to detect more subtle changes. Here we present the preliminary results of our new technique. <h3>Method</h3> Sagittal cMR images were obtained using a previously defined scanning protocol.<sup>2</sup>Images from 3 patients were analysed, 2 with abdominal wall adhesions and 1 without. The principle driving the methodology is the expectation that an adhesion’s resistance to visceral slide produces a quantifiable reduction in shear at that location. The method entails image processing of cMR images in which visceral slide is captured over several breathing cycles. Specifically this involves: Defining a line of demarcation between the sliding regions, typically the abdominal contents and the abdominal wall. Independent interrogation of the respective modes of motion in these separate regions using image registration software. Deduction of the relative motion at the boundary between the two regions Extraction of the magnitude of shear and its presentation in a ‘sheargram’. <h3>Results</h3> The images display the accumulated shear over approximately 3 respiratory cycles in patients with and without abdominal wall adhesions. The left image (with adhesions) shows a marked reduction in shear in the lower fifth of the abdominal wall correlating to a surgically verified adhesion. The reliability of these preliminary results is also supported by the more even distribution of shear observed in a patient without anterior abdominal wall adhesions (right image). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our pilot results demonstrate the potential of this newly developed image analysis technique. In combination with other relevant diagnostic information it facilitates the efficient localisation of adhesions to the abdominal wall. A larger study is in progress to confirm these results. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Lienemann, <i>et al</i>. <i>Radiology</i>2000;<b>217</b>(2):421–5 Fenner, <i>et al</i>. <i>Phys Medica</i>2014;<b>30</b>(4):437–447
Financing a small community mental health clinic
Authors: R. Crawshaw
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Financing a small independent community mental health clinic has applications to other clinics as well as influencing future trends in the economics of medicine. Though the experience is limited to one clinic, it can be considered representative, since the clinic is in a suburban-rural county adjoining a large city, an area of rapid population growth and social change. The clinic offers psychiatric, outpatient service to a population of 107,000 people. At present there are two psychiatric teams operating at the clinic, made up of two part-time psychiatrists (averaging 11/4 days per week each), two half-time psychologists, two full-time social workers, and three clerical workers. It also has the able support of dedicated volunteers and a strong board of directors. The clinic originated in 1959 through the plans of the local community council. Coincidentally, the state government established matching funds for local clinics to compensate for an increasing shift of state
Colorectal cancer and continence
Authors: Norton Durdey, Roe Am, M Thmepson, D Armtrong-James, S Moss, D Prytherch Queen, Alexandra Hospital
Journal: Gut (1996)

400 consecutive cases of colorectal carcinoma representing approximately 2.5 years of clinical activity by 7 general surgeons and 2 gastroenterologists (all endoscopists) serving a population of 300,000 were identified from the histopathology computer.All case notes were analysed using a proforma with emphasis on presenting symptoms in relation to age and tumour site and time intervals along the referral to operation pathway.43% of patients were female.The mean age was 68 years (range: 35 to 100 years).58% of lesions were colonic (28% sigmoid, 3% descending, 8% transverse & 19% ascending) and 42% rectal.12% were regarded as "acute" cases with the interval from GP referral to operation being less than 7 days.For the remaining 88% (352) "non acute" cases the same interval had a mean of 68.4 days.47% ofthese were operated on within 6 weeks and 86.2% within 12 weeks of GP referral.91.2% of patients were symptomatic with combinations of rectal bleeding, altered bowel habit and colonic pain. 8.8% presented with anaemia in the absence of any ofthese symptoms.Applying various models of referral guidelines to the "non acute" patients referred for the investigation of symptoms allowed prediction of a potential tumour detection rate.Independent variation of the presenting symptom(s), age limit for referral and investigation employed were applied to the database.e.g.Endoscopy to the SPLENIC FLEXURE for rectal bleeding at any age and/or FULL COLONOSCOPY for change in bowel habit aged 45 years or over.This strategy results in the potential to detect 96% of all symptomatic "non acute" patients' tumours.These referral guidelines form the basis of the open access lower G.I. endoscopy service now offered to primary care physicians in Teesside.
UREA AS A DIURETIC
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Two identically designed studies to test the effectiveness of tralokinumab for treatment of atopic dermatitis in adults
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

Atopic dermatitis, or eczema, is a chronic, itchy skin disease that is common in children and adults.Atopic dermatitis occurs when the barrier function of the skin is disrupted, allowing chemicals and allergens (that cause an allergic reaction) to enter the skin and cause inflammation.Tralokinumab is a drug injected under the skin that targets interleukin (IL)-13, a molecule that is important in causing the skin inflammation associated with atopic dermatitis.Tralokinumab, which belongs to a class of drugs called biologics, is not yet licensed for medical use, but is being investigated in clinical trials as a potential treatment for atopic dermatitis.Two identically designed clinical trials, ECZTRA 1 and ECZTRA 2, investigated if tralokinumab alone (used without any other atopic dermatitis treatment) was more effective than a nonactive drug (placebo) for improving the severity and symptoms of atopic dermatitis.The trials, funded by LEO Pharma, involved over 1500 patients from Europe, North America, Asia and Australia.
Survey of Bottled Drinking Water Available in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Eva Pip
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Forty domestic and imported brands of bottled water were purchased in Manitoba, Canada and examined for total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride, sulfate, nitrate-nitrogen, cadmium, lead, copper, and radioactivity. The samples showed great variation in quality, and some exceeded the Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for drinking water for TDS, chloride, and lead. Carbonation, ozonation, and type of packaging were not associated with differences in metal levels, although carbonated samples tended to show higher TDS values. A number of deficiencies were found with respect to product labeling.
Erratum
Authors: Wm Savory, F Clark, Wnrells Spencer, Sturges Octaviujs, Quain Richard, Wvestcott Wvynn, Duckwoiith Dyce, Thorne Bezly, H Si, Ariter Brudenei, Sibley Septimus W, Gaitrtod Alfred, T Alfred, Saunders Schofield, Drage Lovell, Powell Douglas, W Herlbert, Buzzaird Tiiomias, Willett Edgar, Gould Pearce, E Arzthur
Journal: BMJ (1891)
session A: gastrointestinal tumours
Authors: Salvatora Miano, Pierpaolo Correale, Angela Sciandivasci, Francesco Montagnani, Alessandra Pascucci, Stefania Marsili, Walter Testi, ^gabriello Tanzini, Guido Francini, Stefano Cereda, Alessia Rognone, Elena Mazza, Paolo Passoni, Alessandro Zerbi, Gianpaolo Balzano, Roberto Nicoletti, Giorgio Arcidiacono, Di Valerio, Michele Carlo, S Reni, Fabiola Rojas Llimpe, Francesca Fabio, Carmine Pinto, Claudio Ceccarelli, Salvatore Siena, Stefano Cascinu, Chiara Funaioli, Vita Mutri, Stefania Giaquinta, Andrea Martoni, Pantaleo Ma, Di Fabio, Turci Bertolini, Ballardini Pl, M Pirovano, A Zambelli, A Nasisi, F Scaglione, S Sestini, L Paraboni, S Masseroni, G Martignoni, C Huscher, D Tabiadon, M Dalla Chiesa, G Tomasello, S Buti, F Negri, M Buononato, R Longarini, S Lazzarelli, M Brighenti, R Passalacqua, M Barletta, G Bocci, F Loupakis, A Fioravanti, G Baldi, P Orlandi, G Allegrini, G Masi, C Barbara, M Andreuccetti, S Cupini, S Bursi, R Danesi, A Paolo, M Del Tacca, A Falcone
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2007)
SCOLIOSIS
Authors: FRANK R. OBER
Journal: JAMA (1928)

It is our purpose in this paper to present, in a general way, a brief summary of scoliosis; its etiology and diagnosis will be considered briefly, and treatment will be discussed from the nonoperative and operative aspects. Also, illustrative cases will be reported. As is well known, there are two types of lateral curvature: functional, often called total, false or postural, and structural, often called true, organic or habitual. The functional type is a unilateral and total curve without demonstrable changes in the bony structures of the spine. The structural type is usually a double or triple curve with definite changes in the bony structure of the spine. <h3>ETIOLOGY</h3> Functional scoliosis is usually due to bad posture, unilateral short legs, unilateral inequalities in the pelvis, or disturbances of vision. It may be seen early in poliomyelitis in which there is unequal abdominal weakness. Later on, a structural curve may result.
The Health Security Partnership. A federal-state universal insurance and cost-containment program
Authors: R. Fein
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The Health Security Partnership attempts to assure (1) that all Americans have insurance coverage for a set of comprehensive health care benefits, (2) that cost-containment issues are addressed in a manner that does not impinge negatively on the quality of care, and (3) that provider freedom to deliver appropriate clinical care is strengthened. It assigns important responsibilities to the federal government (eg, specification of benefits, review of proposed state health care budgets), while permitting states to select, develop, and administer specific program design features they deem appropriate (eg, states could build on and expand the existing health system infrastructure, including private insurance, and/or extend the role of tax-supported programs). It is estimated that in its first year the program would add about 5% to America's health expenditures, but within a few years, cost-containment efforts and administrative efficiencies would reduce overall expenditures below what they otherwise would be. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:2555-2558)
Editors, Contents, Cover details
Authors: Lindsey Drayton, Paige Shaklee, Rolf Van Der Sanden, Patrick Scheffmann, Ralph Adolphs, Renee Baillargeon, Nick Chater, Peter Dayan, Stanislas Dehaene, Daniel Dennett, Yadin Dudai, Andreas Engel, Martha Farah, Angela Friederici, Okihide Hikosaka, Ray Jackendoff, Philip Johnson-Laird, Nancy Kanwisher, Christof Koch, Marta Kutas, Nikos Logothetis, James Mcclelland, Earl Miller, Elizabeth Phelps, Russell Poldrack, Marcus Raichle, Trevor Robbins, Anthony Wagner, Vincent Walsh
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2018)
The COMS Randomized Trial of Iodine 125 Brachytherapy for Choroidal Melanoma
Authors: Lee M. Jampol, Claudia S. Moy, Timothy G. Murray, Sandra M. Reynolds, Daniel M. Albert, Andrew P. Schachat, Kenneth R. Diddie, Robert E. Engstrom, Paul T. Finger, Kenneth R. Hovland, Leonard Joffe, Karl R. Olsen, Craig G. Wells
Journal: Ophthalmology (2020)
Asthma in the elderly.
Authors: Douglas Buchanan
Journal: BMJ (1972)

generally accepted theory of aetiology.Most of my cases appeared to be infective in origin, and two of them followed instru- mentation.It does appear that the disease is associated with poor hygiene.Fournier's gangrene was fairly common in Europe and North America at the turn of the century but is now rarely reported from these areas.More recent reports of more than one case have come from areas with poor living standards.4-6It was suggested that the patient described may have had an increased tendency to vascular insufficiency because of a high titre of cold haemagglutinins in his serum.It is possible that this and the trauma he suffered were enough to precipitate gangrene of the scrotum by vascular thrombosis.Several au-hors have proposed that the cause of Fournier's gangrene is an arterial thrombosis precipitated by an infection, analogous to cavernous sinus thrombosis.6-8This case could be compatible with the thrombosis theory of aetiology.-Iam, etc.,