tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1178: Group X Secretory Phospholipase A <sub>2</sub> Negatively Regulates Adrenal Glucocorticoid Synthesis
Authors: Preetha Shridas, William Bailey, Rob C Oslund, Michael H Gelb, Nancy R Webb
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: Group X secretory phospholipase A 2 (GX sPLA 2 ) has been implicated in a number of important biological processes, some of which appear to be independent of its lipolytic activity. These effects of GX sPLA 2 may be in part due to its high affinity binding to the M-type sPLA 2 receptor. To elucidate the physiological functions of this enzyme in vivo , we recently developed C57BL/6 mice with targeted deletion of GX sPLA 2 (GX KO mice). Results : Unexpectedly, GX KO mice have ~50% higher plasma corticosterone level compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Real-time RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses showed that expression of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein (StAR), a rate limiting protein in steroid production, is 2–5-fold higher in adrenals of GX KO mice compared to WT mice. GX KO mice responded normally to dexamethasone, indicating no impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. To provide additional evidence for a direct effect of Group X sPLA 2 on adrenal corticosteroid production, we performed studies in mouse adrenocortical tumor (Y-1) cells, which endogenously express GX sPLA 2 and the M-type receptor. Over-expression of GX sPLA 2 , or incubations with GX sPLA 2 , resulted in a significant reduction in progesterone production and StAR expression in Y-1 cells. Indoxam, an inhibitor of GX sPLA 2 activity and potent blocker of sPLA 2 binding to the M-type receptor, resulted in a significant increase in progesterone production and StAR expression in both control and GX sPLA 2 -overexpressing cells. Because several studies have implicated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade in the regulation of steroidogenesis, we investigated whether GX sPLA 2 altered adrenal ERK1/2 activation. Over-expression of GX sPLA 2 in Y-1 cells resulted in significantly increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas deficiency of GX sPLA 2 was accompanied by a significant decrease in phosphorylated ERK1/2 in mouse adrenals. Conclusions: We provide the novel finding that GX sPLA 2 has a direct effect on adrenal cells to regulate glucocorticoid production. Our in vivo and in vitro data indicate that Group X sPLA 2 down-regulates the expression of StAR, possibly through M-type receptor-mediated activation of ERK1/2.
Increased levels of the soluble adhesion molecule E-selectin in patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders and thromboembolic complications
Authors: Caterina Musolino, Andrea Alonci, Alessandro Allegra, Giovanna Spatari, Giacomo Bellomo, Orazio Tringali, Cristina Quartarone, Giovanni Squadrito, Melchiorre Quartarone
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)
Abstracts for the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Greater New York and New England Chapters, 33rd Annual Northeast Regional Scientific Meeting, Stamford, CT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

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A piece of my mind. The quality of mercy
Authors: R. Crawshaw
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Histological and clinical outcome after liver transplantation for hepatitis C
Authors: M Shuhart
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Hepatitis frequently recurs after liver transplantation for hepatitis C. However, the histological progression of disease, predictors of recurrence and disease severity, and patient survival remain uncertain. Fifty-five patients with cirrhosis caused by chronic hepatitis C underwent liver transplantation between January 1990 and December 1993. Hepatitis C genotype was determined, and liver biopsies were performed at frequent intervals posttransplantation. The median follow-up time was 40.4 months. The cumulative rate of survival was no different in liver transplant recipients for hepatitis C than in liver transplant recipients for other chronic liver diseases (P = .62). Histological recurrent hepatitis C developed in 33 of 50 patients assessable for disease recurrence; the median recurrence-free survival time was 13.4 months. Histological activity and stage were mild in most cases. Only 2 patients developed cirrhosis, and no patient required a second transplantation for recurrent disease. Patients with acute cellular rejection had a shorter recurrence-free survival (P = .0141). In patients with recurrent hepatitis, rejection also was correlated with increased histological grade 2 years after transplantation (P = .0061). Recurrence-free survival was decreased in patients infected with genotype 1 (1a and 1b combined) compared with genotypes 2 and 3 combined (P = .02), whereas there was no difference between genotypes 1a and 1b (P > .80). Only patients infected with genotype 1a or 1b developed bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis. In addition, patients who had an early recurrence had a greater risk of progressing to bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis (hazard ratio, 5.1; P = .0473). In our experience, recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation in most cases is mild and survival is unaffected. Both acute cellular rejection and infection with genotype 1 are independent risk factors for reduced recurrence-free survival, and early recurrence is associated with a higher risk of disease progression.
General Aspects of Cadmium: Transport, Uptake and Metabolism by the Kidney
Authors: Monica Nordberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Cadmium taken up from lung and gastrointestinal tract is transported via blood to liver and kidney. On long-term exposure to cadmium, renal tubular dysfunction develops in humans and experimental animals. Data from animal experiments demonstrate that initially after exposure cadmium in blood is bound to albumin and proteins with higher molecular weight. Such cadmium is mainly taken up in liver. For a few days after exposure cadmium exists as metallothionein in plasma and blood cells. After both single and long-term administration of cadmium bound to metallothionein, cadmium is taken up by the kidney. The concentration of metallothionein-bound cadmium in plasma is quite low due to continuous renal clearance. Cadmium from metallothionein is taken up in renal tubules by pinocytosis and subsequently degraded in lysosomes, thereby releasing cadmium which stimulates de novo synthesis of metallothionein but also binds to reabsorbed metallothionein. Catabolizing and rebinding are continuous and prevent excretion of cadmium. Because of differences in transport, renal metabolic handling forms of cadmium are also different for different forms of cadmium administered and rate of administration. A single dose of metallothionein-bound cadmium given intravenously is almost immediately and completely taken up in the renal tubule. Under such conditions, resynthesis and rebinding processes are insufficient to sequester cadmium from sensitive tissue receptors, and renal damage occurs at total tissue concentrations much lower than when renal cadmium concentrations rise slowly. This explains the wide range (10-200 micrograms Cd/g wet weight) of cadmium in the renal cortex that associated with renal tubular dysfunction in experimental animals.
Trials with metronidazole in amebic dysentery
Authors: F. Scott
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Six patients with amebic dysentery were treated with metronidazole (Flagyl). The response to treatment in all cases was rapid; signs and symptoms of amebic dysentery disappeared within 48 hours. In one patient an ameboma resolved after 14 days of treatment. Except for a transient skin eruption in the 18-month-old child during the first 24 hours of treatment, there were no untoward reactions to the drug. We consider metronidazole to be an exceedingly promising drug and probably the most effective amebicidal preparation currently available.
Mycobacterial Phages Isolated from Stool Specimens of Pulmonary Disease Patients
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cholera. Implications for the United States
Authors: E. J. Gangarosa
Journal: JAMA (1974)

RECENT events have focused renewed attention on cholera as a source of health concern for the United States. During the last week in August 1973, cholera outbreaks occurred in several cities in Italy. More than 200 cases with 23 deaths had been reported by the end of September. This represents a further westward extension of the pandemic of El Tor cholera that, in recent years, has spread from Asia through the Middle East to most of Africa and, on occasion, to Europe. In 1971, Spain and Portugal experienced outbreaks of cholera resulting from cases imported from Africa. In the past few years, more than 100 imported cases have been reported from various other European countries without evidence of subsequent spread. On Aug 25, 1973, a case of cholera occurred in Calhoun County, Texas.<sup>1</sup>The diagnosis was suspected by an alert physician. As a result, the patient, a 51-year-old man,
Book Review A Primer on the Prevention of Deformity in Childhood . By Richard B. Raney, M.D., in collaboration with Alfred R. Shands, Jr., M.D. 8°, cloth, 188 pp., with 88 illustrations. Elyria, Ohio: National Society for Crippled Children, Incorporated, 1941. $1.00 postpaid.
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1942)
Present projections of physician production
Authors: C. H. Ruhe
Journal: JAMA (1966)

In October 1959, the report of the Surgeon General's Consultant Group on Medical Education entitled<i>Physicians for a Growing America</i>was published by the US Public Health Service.<sup>1</sup>The chairman of the consultant group was Frank Bane, and the report has been known since that time as the "Bane Report." The consultant group included many outstanding figures in medicine and in education, among them representatives of the American Medical Association and the Association of American Medical Colleges. The chief of the study staff was William H. Stewart, MD, now surgeon general of the Public Health Service. <h3>Bane Report Conclusions</h3> The surgeon general established the consultant group primarily to answer the question: "How shall the nation be supplied with adequate numbers of well-qualified physicians?" The group concluded that: "An increase in graduates sufficient to maintain the present ratio of physicians to population is a minimum essential to protect the health
Systematic review of atopic dermatitis disease definition in studies using routinely collected health data
Authors: M.P. Dizon, A.M. Yu, R.K. Singh, J. Wan, M.-M. Chren, C. Flohr, J. Silverberg, D.J. Margolis, S.M. Langan, K. Abuabara
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a skin disease that involves dry, itchy skin and scaly rashes. It is a common disease, especially in children, and is often simply referred to as ‘eczema’. In recent years, researchers have used medical records stored electronically and information from insurance claims to study AD. Because these databases are designed for clinical care and billing purposes and not explicitly for research, correctly identifying patients with AD in these data can be challenging. If patients are not correctly identified, studies using these databases may find misleading results. This study, conducted by a group of researchers from the United States, Canada, and United Kingdom, sought to find out how researchers identify patients with AD in data routinely collected by hospitals and health organizations. We systematically searched three large databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science) and identified 59 studies which used routinely collected data to find out how common AD is in different populations. We found that researchers identified patients with AD in a variety of different ways. For example, patients’ records are often given numerical codes to represent medical diagnoses, and researchers used different sets of codes. Researchers also varied in whether they used information about patients’ medications and number of hospital or clinic visits related to AD. In addition, researchers rarely showed that their approach to identifying AD patients was accurate. Results from studies of AD will be difficult to interpret and compare if researchers do not have reliable ways of identifying AD patients in electronic medical records and insurance claims. Going forward, more studies are needed to develop and test strategies for identifying AD patients in these types of data so that the approaches used by researchers will be standardized. The authors offer suggestions for how to describe the approaches so that they will be more comparable.
Adenovirus-mediated chronic “hyper-resistinemia” leads to in vivo insulin resistance in normal rats
Authors: Hiroaki Satoh, M.T. Audrey Nguyen, Philip D.G. Miles, Takeshi Imamura, Isao Usui, Jerrold M. Olefsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

We investigated the chronic in vivo effect of resistin on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism by overexpressing resistin protein in male Wistar rats using intravenous administration of an adenovirus encoding mouse resistin. After 7 days of elevated resistin levels at a supraphysiological concentration, the animals displayed glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia during glucose tolerance tests, and insulin tolerance tests demonstrated an impaired glucose-lowering effect of insulin. The glucose clamp studies were performed at submaximal (4 mU/kg/min) and maximal (25 mU/kg/min) insulin infusion rates and demonstrated the presence of insulin resistance induced by elevated resistin levels. Indeed, the insulin-stimulated glucose infusion rate was decreased by 12–31%; suppression of hepatic glucose output was attenuated by 28–55%; and insulin suppression of circulating FFA levels was inhibited by 7%. Insulin receptor substrate–1 and –2 phosphorylation and Akt activation were impaired in muscle and adipose tissue. Interestingly, activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue was also significantly downregulated. Together, these results indicate that chronic “hyper-resistinemia” leads to whole-body insulin resistance involving impaired insulin signaling in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue, resulting in glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Thus elevated resistin levels in normal rats fed a regular chow diet produce many of the features of human syndrome X.
Population based randomised controlled trial on impact of screening on mortality from abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Paul E Norman, Konrad Jamrozik, Michael M Lawrence-Brown, Max T Q Le, Carole A Spencer, Raywin J Tuohy, Richard W Parsons, James A Dickinson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To assess whether screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms in men reduces mortality. <b>Design</b> Population based randomised controlled trial of ultrasound screening, with intention to treat analysis of age standardised mortality. <b>Setting</b> Community based screening programme in Western Australia. <b>Participants</b> 41 000 men aged 65-83 years randomised to intervention and control groups. <b>Intervention</b> Invitation to ultrasound screening. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Deaths from abdominal aortic aneurysm in the five years after the start of screening. <b>Results</b> The corrected response to invitation to screening was 70%. The crude prevalence was 7.2% for aortic diameter ≥ 30 mm and 0.5% for diameter ≥ 55 mm. Twice as many men in the intervention group than in the control group underwent elective surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm (107 <i>v</i> 54, P = 0.002, χ<sup>2</sup> test). Between scheduled screening and the end of follow up 18 men in the intervention group and 25 in the control group died from abdominal aortic aneurysm, yielding a mortality ratio of 0.61 (95% confidence interval 0.33 to 1.11). Any benefit was almost entirely in men aged between 65 and 75 years, where the ratio was reduced to 0.19 (0.04 to 0.89). <b>Conclusions</b> At a whole population level screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms was not effective in men aged 65-83 years and did not reduce overall death rates. The success of screening depends on choice of target age group and the exclusion of ineligible men. It is also important to assess the current rate of elective surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm as in some communities this may already approach a level that reduces the potential benefit of population based screening.
Encephalopathy and fatty degeneration of the liver and kidneys
Authors: J. T. Jabbour
Journal: JAMA (1965)

IN 1963, Reye et al<sup>1</sup>described a new clinicopathologic entity: "encephalopathy and fatty degeneration of the viscera." The illness began with a mild upper-respiratory-tract infection which subsided and was followed by profuse vomiting, fever, convulsions, and marked alteration in consciousness, respirations, muscle tone, and deep-tendon reflexes. Laboratory findings included hypoglycemia, hypoglycorrhachia, mild acidosis and ketosis and elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase values. Seventeen of the 21 patients died. At postmortem examination, diffuse cerebral swelling, without herniation, and marked fatty infiltration of the liver and proximal tubules of the kidneys were uniformly demonstrated. Although about 50 patients have been described in the English, Australian, and New Zealand literature, only recently have similar reports appeared from the United States.<sup>2-5</sup>This is the report of another patient and a review of the features of this unusual illness.
Hepatic lipase expression in macrophages contributes to atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient and LCAT-transgenic mice
Authors: Zengxuan Nong, Herminia González-Navarro, Marcelo Amar, Lita Freeman, Catherine Knapper, Edward B. Neufeld, Beverly J. Paigen, Robert F. Hoyt, Jamila Fruchart-Najib, Silvia Santamarina-Fojo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Hepatic lipase (HL) has a well-established role in lipoprotein metabolism. However, its role in atherosclerosis is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that HL deficiency raises the proatherogenic apoB-containing lipoprotein levels in plasma but reduces atherosclerosis in lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) transgenic (Tg) mice, similar to results previously observed with HL-deficient apoE-KO mice. These findings suggest that HL has functions that modify atherogenic risk that are separate from its role in lipoprotein metabolism. We used bone marrow transplantation (BMT) to generate apoE-KO and apoE-KO × HL-KO mice, as well as LCAT-Tg and LCAT-Tg × HL-KO mice, chimeric for macrophage HL gene expression. Using in situ RNA hybridization, we demonstrated localized production of HL by donor macrophages in the artery wall. We found that expression of HL by macrophages enhances early aortic lesion formation in both apoE-KO and LCAT-Tg mice, without changing the plasma lipid profile, lipoprotein lipid composition, or HL and lipoprotein lipase activities. HL does, however, enhance oxidized LDL uptake by peritoneal macrophages. These combined data demonstrate that macrophage-derived HL significantly contributes to early aortic lesion formation in two independent mouse models and identify a novel mechanism, separable from the role of HL in plasma lipoprotein metabolism, by which HL modulates atherogenic risk in vivo.
Anaphylaxis to flucytosine in a patient with AIDS
Authors: S. Kotani
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate Drs Vernon and Hoffman's interest in our editorial and support use of the term partner notification, as proposed by the Centers for Disease Control,<sup>1</sup>for the spectrum of activities in which sexual partners of persons with sexually transmitted diseases are notified and counseled about their exposure. In this new nomenclature, contact tracing is referred to as "provider referral" and subsumes activities in which partners of infected patients are notified by health department staff.<sup>1</sup>To avoid confusion, we will use the term contact tracing. The question regarding partner notification as a disease control strategy for HIV infection is not whether HIV-infected individuals should notify their sexual partners of their exposure and refer them for evaluation. On this we all agree. Rather the question is what should the relative role of contact tracing be in a comprehensive HIV control program and what proportion of prevention and education