tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Emergency Department Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta in Trauma Patients With Exsanguinating Hemorrhage
Authors: Jan O. Jansen, Jemma Hudson, Claire Cochran, Graeme MacLennan, Robbie Lendrum, Sam Sadek, Katie Gillies, Seonaidh Cotton, Charlotte Kennedy, Dwayne Boyers, Gillian Ferry, Louisa Lawrie, Mintu Nath, Samantha Wileman, Mark Forrest, Karim Brohi, Tim Harris, Fiona Lecky, Chris Moran, Jonathan J. Morrison, John Norrie, Alan Paterson, Nigel Tai, Nick Welch, Marion K. Campbell, Chris Aylwin, Duncan Bew, Adam Brooks, James Chinery, Tom Cowlam, Dan Frith, Arun George, Anthony Hudson, Phillip Johnstone, Ansar Mahmood, Alex Novak, Matt O’Meara, Stuart Reid, Abdo Sattout, Chris Smith, Tim Stansfield, Julian Thompson
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Bleeding is the most common cause of preventable death after trauma.
The different risk of new‐onset, chronic, worsening, and advanced heart failure: A systematic review and meta‐regression analysis
Authors: Abdul Shakoor, Sabrina Abou Kamar, Jishnu Malgie, Isabella Kardys, Jeroen Schaap, Rudolf A. de Boer, Nicolas M. van Mieghem, Robert M.A. van der Boon, Jasper J. Brugts
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2023)

Abstract Aims Heart failure (HF) is a chronic and progressive syndrome associated with a poor prognosis. While it may seem intuitive that the risk of adverse outcomes varies across the different stages of HF, an overview of these risks is lacking. This study aims to determine the risk of all‐cause mortality and HF hospitalizations associated with new‐onset HF, chronic HF (CHF), worsening HF (WHF), and advanced HF. Methods and results We performed a systematic review of observational studies from 2012 to 2022 using five different databases. The primary outcomes were 30‐day and 1‐year all‐cause mortality, as well as 1‐year HF hospitalization. Studies were pooled using random effects meta‐analysis, and mixed‐effects meta‐regression was used to compare the different HF groups. Among the 15 759 studies screened, 66 were included representing 862 046 HF patients. Pooled 30‐day mortality rates did not reveal a significant distinction between hospital‐admitted patients, with rates of 10.13% for new‐onset HF and 8.11% for WHF ( p = 0.10). However, the 1‐year mortality risk differed and increased stepwise from CHF to advanced HF, with a rate of 8.47% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.24–9.89) for CHF, 21.15% (95% CI 17.78–24.95) for new‐onset HF, 26.84% (95% CI 23.74–30.19) for WHF, and 29.74% (95% CI 24.15–36.10) for advanced HF. Readmission rates for HF at 1 year followed a similar trend. Conclusions Our meta‐analysis of observational studies confirms the different risk for adverse outcomes across the distinct HF stages. Moreover, it emphasizes the negative prognostic value of WHF as the first progressive stage from CHF towards advanced HF.
Contemporary Adjuncts to Hemorrhage Control
Authors: Samuel A. Tisherman, Megan L. Brenner
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Ross Davenport, PhD; Nicola Curry, MD; Erin E. Fox, PhD; Helen Thomas, MSc; Joanne Lucas, MSc; Amy Evans, MMedSci; Shaminie Shanmugaranjan, BSc; Rupa Sharma, BSc; Alison Deary, MSc; Antoinette Edwards, MA; Laura Green, MD; Charles E. Wade, MD; Jonathan R. Benger, MD; Bryan A. Cotton, MD; Simon J. Stanworth, MD, DPhil; Karim Brohi, MD; CRYOSTAT-2 Principal Investigators; Nathan Howes; Gioacchino Cracolici; Christopher Aylwin; Daniel Frith; Phil Moss; Heather Jarman; Ross Davenport; Fleur Cantle; Jeff Keep; Jonathan Thornley; Alice Downes; Michael Harrison; Richard Proctor; Jonathan Shelton; Abdo Sattout; Kirsty Challen; Daniel Horner; Simon Carley; Melanie Darwent; Suzanne Kellet; Bentley Waller; Robert Kong; Jason Kendall; Edd Carlton; Tony Kehoe; Jason Smith; Caroline Leech; Ansar Mahmood; Richard Hall; Adam Brooks; William Townend; Justin Squires; Raza Alikhan; Adeel Akhtar; Cryan Cotton
NIR‐Actuated Targeted Janus Nanomotors Remodel Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment for Augmented Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Xiaoyu Zhou, Enhui Ma, Yingying Zhang, Yujuan Xing, Wenbei Xu, Liang Chen, Hong Zhou, Xinran Zhang, Canran Jiang, Kai Xu, Hong Wang, Shaohui Zheng
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) always display immunosuppressive M2 phenotype in the tumor microenvironment to facilitate tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Ibrutinib (IBR), a novel irreversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, has been employed to repolarize the BTK-overexpressed TAMs from M2 to M1 phenotype to remodel the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. However, the poor solubility of IBR extremely hinders its bioavailability, which results in low tumor accumulation and TAMs uptake in vivo. Herein, NIR laser-actuated Janus nanomotors are proposed for the effective and deep delivery of IBR to TAMs in solid tumor for targeted immunotherapy. Under NIR irradiation, the Janus nanomotors exhibit efficient photothermal conversion to produce powerful propulsion via self-thermophoresis with a speed of 12.15 µm s
Small-Volume Blood Collection Tubes to Reduce Transfusions in Intensive Care
Authors: Deborah M. Siegal, Emilie P. Belley-Côté, Shun Fu Lee, Stephen Hill, Frédérick D’Aragon, Ryan Zarychanski, Bram Rochwerg, Michaël Chassé, Alexandra Binnie, Kimia Honarmand, François Lauzier, Ian Ball, Waleed Al-Hazzani, Patrick Archambault, Erick Duan, Kosar Khwaja, François Lellouche, Paul Lysecki, François Marquis, Jean-François Naud, Jason Shahin, Jennifer Shea, Jennifer L.Y. Tsang, Han Ting Wang, Mark Crowther, Donald M. Arnold, Emily Di Sante, Gladys Marfo, Tanya Kovalova, Sylvanus Fonguh, Jessica Vincent, Stuart J. Connolly
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Blood collection for laboratory testing in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is a modifiable contributor to anemia and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Most blood withdrawn is not required for analysis and is discarded.
Verschlimmbesserung: Craniospinal Radiotherapy Is Essential in WNT Medulloblastoma Patients
Authors: Nicholas G. Gottardo, Amar Gajjar
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

Summary Standard-risk WNT medulloblastoma patients have an excellent prognosis (&amp;gt;90% progression-free survival) using the combination of standard dose craniospinal radiotherapy (CSI) (23.4 Gy) followed by platinum and alkylator based chemotherapy. A recent pilot study that attempted to completely omit radiotherapy was terminated early as all patients (n = 3) relapsed rapidly (on treatment or within 6 months of completing treatment). The study highlights that therapy is the most important prognostic factor, with CSI still required to cure even the most favorable subgroup of medulloblastoma patients. See related article by Cohen et al., p. 5031
Race and Ethnicity and Primary Language in Emergency Department Triage
Authors: Joshua W. Joseph, Maura Kennedy, Alden M. Landry, Regan H. Marsh, Da’Marcus E. Baymon, Dana E. Im, Paul C. Chen, Margaret E. Samuels-Kalow, Lauren M. Nentwich, Noémie Elhadad, León D. Sánchez
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Emergency department (ED) triage substantially affects how long patients wait for care but triage scoring relies on few objective criteria. Prior studies suggest that Black and Hispanic patients receive unequal triage scores, paralleled by disparities in the depth of physician evaluations. Objectives To examine whether racial disparities in triage scores and physician evaluations are present across a multicenter network of academic and community hospitals and evaluate whether patients who do not speak English face similar disparities. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study examining adults presenting between February 28, 2019, and January 1, 2023, across the Mass General Brigham Integrated Health Care System, encompassing 7 EDs: 2 urban academic hospitals and 5 community hospitals. Analysis included all patients presenting with 1 of 5 common chief symptoms. Exposures Emergency department nurse-led triage and physician evaluation. Main Outcomes and Measures Average Triage Emergency Severity Index [ESI] score and average visit work relative value units [wRVUs] were compared across symptoms and between individual minority racial and ethnic groups and White patients. Results There were 249 829 visits (149 861 female [60%], American Indian or Alaska Native 0.2%, Asian 3.3%, Black 11.8%, Hispanic 18.8%, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander &amp;amp;lt;0.1%, White 60.8%, and patients identifying as Other race or ethnicity 5.1%). Median age was 48 (IQR, 29-66) years. White patients had more acute ESI scores than Hispanic or Other patients across all symptoms (eg, chest pain: Hispanic, 2.68 [95% CI, 2.67-2.69]; White, 2.55 [95% CI, 2.55-2.56]; Other, 2.66 [95% CI, 2.64-2.68]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) and Black patients across most symptoms (nausea/vomiting: Black, 2.97 [95% CI, 2.96-2.99]; White: 2.90 [95% CI, 2.89-2.91]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). These differences were reversed for wRVUs (chest pain: Black, 4.32 [95% CI, 4.25-4.39]; Hispanic, 4.13 [95% CI, 4.08-4.18]; White 3.55 [95% CI, 3.52-3.58]; Other 3.96 [95% CI, 3.84-4.08]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Similar patterns were seen for patients whose primary language was not English. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, patients who identified as Black, Hispanic, and Other race and ethnicity were assigned less acute ESI scores than their White peers despite having received more involved physician workups, suggesting some degree of mistriage. Clinical decision support systems might reduce these disparities but would require careful calibration to avoid replicating bias.
Ambient greenness, access to local green spaces, and subsequent mental health: a 10-year longitudinal dynamic panel study of 2·3 million adults in Wales
Authors: Rebecca S Geary, Daniel Thompson, Amy Mizen, Ashley Akbari, Joanne K Garrett, Francis M Rowney, Alan Watkins, Ronan A Lyons, Gareth Stratton, Rebecca Lovell, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Sarah C Parker, Jiao Song, Dialechti Tsimpida, James White, Mathew P White, Susan Williams, Benedict W Wheeler, Richard Fry, Sarah E Rodgers
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2023)

Living in greener areas, or close to green and blue spaces (GBS; eg, parks, lakes, or beaches), is associated with better mental health, but longitudinal evidence when GBS exposures precede outcomes is less available. We aimed to analyse the effect of living in or moving to areas with more green space or better access to GBS on subsequent adult mental health over time, while explicitly considering health inequalities.A cohort of the people in Wales, UK (≥16 years; n=2 341 591) was constructed from electronic health record data sources from Jan 1, 2008 to Oct 31, 2019, comprising 19 141 896 person-years of follow-up. Household ambient greenness (Enhanced Vegetation Index [EVI]), access to GBS (counts, distance to nearest), and common mental health disorders (CMD, based on a validated algorithm combining current diagnoses or symptoms of anxiety or depression [treated or untreated in the preceding 1-year period], or treatment of historical diagnoses from before the current cohort [up to 8 years previously, to 2000], where diagnosis preceded treatment) were record-linked. Cumulative exposure values were created for each adult, censoring for CMD, migration out of Wales, death, or end of cohort. Exposure and CMD associations were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression, stratified by area-level deprivation.After adjustment, exposure to greater ambient greenness over time (+0·1 increased EVI on a 0-1 scale) was associated with lower odds of subsequent CMD (adjusted odds ratio 0·80, 95% CI 0·80-0·81), where CMD was based on a combination of current diagnoses or symptoms (treated or untreated in the preceding 1-year period), or treatments. Ten percentile points more access to GBS was associated with lower odds of a later CMD (0·93, 0·93-0·93). Every additional 360 m to the nearest GBS was associated with higher odds of CMD (1·05, 1·04-1·05). We found that positive effects of GBS on mental health appeared to be greater in more deprived quintiles.Ambient exposure is associated with the greatest reduced risk of CMD, particularly for those who live in deprived communities. These findings support authorities responsible for GBS, who are attempting to engage planners and policy makers, to ensure GBS meets residents' needs.National Institute for Health and Care Research Public Health Research programme.
Complete correction of murine phenylketonuria by selection-enhanced hepatocyte transplantation
Authors: Anne Vonada, Leslie Wakefield, Michael Martinez, Cary O. Harding, Markus Grompe, Amita Tiyaboonchai
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

Hepatocyte transplantation for genetic liver diseases has several potential advantages over gene therapy. However, the low efficiency of cell engraftment has limited its clinical implementation. This problem could be overcome by selectively expanding transplanted donor cells until they replace enough of the liver mass to achieve therapeutic benefit. We previously described a gene therapy method to selectively expand hepatocytes deficient in cytochrome p450 reductase (Cypor) using acetaminophen (APAP). Because Cypor is required for the transformation of APAP to a hepatotoxic metabolite, Cypor-deficient cells are protected from toxicity and are able to expand following APAP-induced liver injury. Here, we apply this selection system to correct a mouse model of phenylketonuria by cell transplantation.
Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa Evaluation Study (THESEUS): a prospective cohort study
Authors: John R Ingram, Janine Bates, Rebecca Cannings-John, Fiona Collier, Judith Evans, Angela Gibbons, Ceri Harris, Laura Howells, Kerenza Hood, Rachel Howes, Paul Leighton, Muhammad Riaz, Jeremy Rodrigues, Helen Stanton, Kim S Thomas, Emma Thomas-Jones
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, painful disease affecting flexures and other skin regions, producing nodules, abscesses and skin tunnels. Laser treatment targeting hair follicles and deroofing of skin tunnels are standard HS interventions in some countries but are rarely offered in the UK.
Think global, act local: using a translocal approach to understand community-based organisations’ responses to planetary health crises during COVID-19
Authors: Geordan Shannon, Parabita Basu, Laura E R Peters, Aaron Clark-Ginsberg, Tania Minka Herrera Delgado, Rajkumar Gope, Maga Guanilo, Ilan Kelman, Lilian Noelli, Eija Meriläinen, Katie Riley, Chloe Wood, Audrey Prost
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2023)

Little is known on how community-based responses to planetary health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can integrate concerns about livelihoods, equity, health, wellbeing, and the environment. We used a translocal learning approach to co-develop insights on community-based responses to complex health and environmental and economic crises with leaders from five organisations working with communities at the front line of intersecting planetary health challenges in Finland, India, Kenya, Peru, and the USA. Translocal learning supports collective knowledge production across different localities in ways that value local perspectives but transcend national boundaries. There were three main findings from the translocal learning process. First, thanks to their proximity to the communities they served, community-based organisations (CBOs) can quickly identify the ways in which COVID-19 might worsen existing social and health inequities. Second, localised CBO actions are key to supporting communities with unique challenges in the face of systemic planetary health crises. Third, CBOs can develop rights-based, ecologically-minded actions responding to local priorities and mobilising available resources. Our findings show how solutions to planetary health might come from small-scale community initiatives that are well connected within and across contexts. Locally-focused globally-aware actions should be harnessed through greater recognition, funding, and networking opportunities. Globally, planetary health initiatives should be supported by applying the principles of subsidiarity and translocalism.
Deleterious variants in TNFAIP3 are associated with type II and seronegative pediatric autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Sindhu Pandurangi, Astha Malik, Joshua Owens, C. Alexander Valencia, Alexander G. Miethke, Rebecca Marsh, Sam Chiang, Li Yang, Robert Hopkin, Jennifer Kasten, Jennifer Huggins, Luz Helena Gutierrez Sanchez, Cyd Castro-Rojas, Mosab Alquaraish
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2023)
Post-translational modifications of histone and non-histone proteins in epigenetic regulation and translational applications in alcohol-associated liver disease: Challenges and research opportunities
Authors: Wiramon Rungratanawanich, Jacob W. Ballway, Xin Wang, Kyoung-Jae Won, James P. Hardwick, Byoung-Joon Song
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2023)
Bio-orthogonal engineered peptide: A multi-functional strategy for the gene therapy of osteoporotic bone loss
Authors: Wei Wang, Qing Wang, Lei Yu, Gaoran Ge, Xin Liu, Ang Gao, Guomin Wang, Zhengwei Wu, Jiaxiang Bai, Huaiyu Wang, Paul K. Chu, Dechun Geng
Journal: Biomaterials (2023)
Simplified endoscopic septotomy for a large symptomatic Zenkerʼs diverticulum
Authors: Ravishankar Asokkumar, Jeanette Pei Xuan Ng, Francisco Carlos Paolo Dimatatac, Yi Yuan Tan, Christopher Khor, Mark Cheah Chang Chuen
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Zenker's diverticulum is a pulsion diverticulum occurring because of abnormal cricopharyngeal muscle (CPM) relaxation during swallowing ([Fig. 1]) [1]. Traditionally, Zenker's diverticulum has been treated by surgery; however, open surgery has high complication rates and morbidity. Flexible endoscopic options are a safe and effective treatment alternative for Zenker's diverticulum, with comparable efficacy and low recurrence rates [2]. The Zenker's diverticulum peroral endoscopic myotomy (zPOEM) and modified Z-POEM have been described as effective treatment options [3]. These procedures are technically demanding and require high levels of expertise. We present a simplified technique that was used to treat a large symptomatic Zenker's diverticulum ([Video 1]).
Novel Therapeutic and Program-Based Approaches to Opioid Use Disorders
Authors: Patricia Liu, P. Todd Korthuis, Bradley M. Buchheit
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2023)

Opioid use disorder continues to drive overdose deaths in many countries, including the United States. Illicit fentanyl and its analogues have emerged as key contributors to the complications and mortality associated with opioid use disorder. Medications for opioid use disorder treatment, such as methadone and buprenorphine, are safe and substantially reduce opioid use, infectious complications, and mortality risk, but remain underutilized. Polysubstance use and emerging substances such as xylazine and designer benzodiazepines create additional treatment challenges. Recent clinical and policy innovations in treatment delivery, including telemedicine, bridge clinics, and expanded models for accessing methadone have the potential to increase access to life-saving care for people living with opioid use disorder. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Medicine, Volume 75 is January 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Interventional Pulmonology: Extending the Breadth of Thoracic Care
Authors: Yaron B. Gesthalter, Colleen L. Channick
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2023)

Interventional pulmonary medicine has developed as a subspecialty focused on the management of patients with complex thoracic disease. Leveraging minimally invasive techniques, interventional pulmonologists diagnose and treat pathologies that previously required more invasive options such as surgery. By mitigating procedural risk, interventional pulmonologists have extended the reach of care to a wider pool of vulnerable patients who require therapy. Endoscopic innovations, including endobronchial ultrasound and robotic and electromagnetic bronchoscopy, have enhanced the ability to perform diagnostic procedures on an ambulatory basis. Therapeutic procedures for patients with symptomatic airway disease, pleural disease, and severe emphysema have provided the ability to palliate symptoms. The combination of medical and procedural expertise has made interventional pulmonologists an integral part of comprehensive care teams for patients with oncologic, airway, and pleural needs. This review surveys key areas in which interventional pulmonologists have impacted the care of thoracic disease through bronchoscopic intervention.
Monitoring workers' health: focus on rights, determinants, and equity
Authors: Frank Pega, Natalie C Momen, Ali H A Abubakar, Rola Al-Emam, Mohd N Hassan, John Howard, Sadia H Hussein, Sergio Iavicoli, Silvère K Kevi, Spo M Kgalamono, Sk Mamunur Rahman Malik, Guy Mbayo K, Abdinasir Y Osman, Rajesh S Pandav, Raja R Pote Shrestha, Dipendra R Singh, Xin Sun, Marin K Wotobe, Maria P Neira
Journal: The Lancet (2023)
Methotrexate to treat hand osteoarthritis with synovitis (METHODS): an Australian, multisite, parallel-group, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Yuanyuan Wang, Graeme Jones, Helen I Keen, Catherine L Hill, Anita E Wluka, Jessica Kasza, Andrew J Teichtahl, Benny Antony, Richard O'Sullivan, Flavia M Cicuttini
Journal: The Lancet (2023)
Scientific advisory councils in the COVID-19 response
Authors: Jean-François Delfraissy, Mary Horgan, Kåre Mølbak, Fernando Soria Simón, Tanja Stadler, Jaap van Dissel, Steven Van Gucht, Walter Ricciardi, Lothar Wieler, Patrick Vallance, Laetitia Atlani-Duault, Daniel Benamouzig, Lila Bouadma, Simon Cauchemez, Catherine Chirouze, Angèle Consoli, Pierre-Louis Druais, Arnaud Fontanet, Marie-Aleth Grard, Olivier Guérin, Laetitia Huiart, Aymeril Hoang, Thierry Lefrançois, Bruno Lina, Denis Malvy, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Chris Whitty, Simon Whitfield, Wendy Barclay, Charlotte Caplan, James Lobo, Andrew Buckley, Lothar Wieler, Johanna Hanefeld, Steffen Semmler, Tim Eckmanns, Fernando Simon Soria, Walter Ricciardi, Anna-Teresa Palamara, Silvio Brusaferro, Tanja Stadler, Martin Ackermann, Sarah Tschudin-Sutter, Roman Stocker, Steven Van Gucht, Mathias Dewatripont, Tinne Lernout, Pierre Van Damme, Céline Nieuwenhuys, Erika Vlieghe, Jaap van Dissel, Lisa Schipper, Susan van den Hof, Corien Swaan, Mary M. Horgan, Paddy Mallon, Kåre Mølbak, Didier Pittet
Journal: The Lancet (2023)
Noninvasive Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease with Scintillating Nanotubes
Authors: Sudipta Senapati, Valeria Secchi, Francesca Cova, Michal Richman, Irene Villa, Ronen Yehuda, Yulia Shenberger, Marcello Campione, Shai Rahimipour, Angelo Monguzzi
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Effective and accessible treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are urgently needed. Soluble Aβ oligomers are identified as neurotoxic species in AD and targeted in antibody-based drug development to mitigate cognitive decline. However, controversy exists concerning their efficacy and safety. In this study, an alternative strategy is proposed to inhibit the formation of Aβ oligomers by selectively oxidizing specific amino acids in the Aβ sequence, thereby preventing its aggregation. Targeted oxidation is achieved using biocompatible and blood-brain barrier-permeable multicomponent nanoscintillators that generate singlet oxygen upon X-ray interaction. Surface-modified scintillators interact selectively with Aβ and, upon X-ray irradiation, inhibit the formation of neurotoxic aggregates both in vitro and in vivo. Feeding transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing human Aβ with the nanoscintillators and subsequent irradiation with soft X-ray reduces Aβ oligomer levels, extends lifespan, and restores memory and behavioral deficits. These findings support the potential of X-ray-based therapy for AD and warrant further development.