tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radiologists display powerful new tools
Authors: A. A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

THIS YEAR marks the 100th anniversary of Wilhelm Roentgen's discovery of x-rays. Judging from the 80th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA), held in Chicago, Ill, radiology's cornucopia of new tools for clinical research, diagnosis, and treatment is overflowing. Among the more noteworthy presentations were those on virtual reality technology to aid in diagnosing colon and lung cancer, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—guided radiofrequency thermal ablation for destroying brain tumors, magnetic resonance techniques for imaging the entire body in as little as 18 seconds, insights into why human sperm have to "ride the wave," some very postmortem findings about Ötzi, the Bronze Age "Ice Man," and the unveiling of a downloadable cadaver. <h3>Have a Cadaver</h3> At the RSNA meeting, the National Library of Medicine (NLM), Bethesda, Md, unveiled for the first time the Visible Man, a cyberspace cadaver that is now available through the
Prednisone in Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Roland F. J. M. Laan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 April 1994Prednisone in Managing Rheumatoid ArthritisRoland F. J. M. Laan, MD, Piet L. C. M. van Riel, MD, and Levinus B. A. van de Putte, MDRoland F. J. M. Laan, MDUniversity Hospital Nijmegen; 6500 HB Nijmegen; The NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author, Piet L. C. M. van Riel, MDUniversity Hospital Nijmegen; 6500 HB Nijmegen; The NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author, and Levinus B. A. van de Putte, MDUniversity Hospital Nijmegen; 6500 HB Nijmegen; The NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-8-199404150-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Both the activity of the inflammatory process and the functional impairments that are the consequence of rheumatoid arthritis contribute independently to bone loss [1]. We have presented evidence that low-dose glucocorticoids can cause rapid and marked trabecular bone loss despite an improvement in disease activity and functional capacity [2]. We also showed that this effect may be reversed after discontinuing therapy. After correcting for possibly confounding factors, other [3, 4] have found long-term use of prednisone to be associated with decreased bone mass in the spine and forearm.We certainly agree that glucocorticoids are necessary for the management ...References1. Laan RF, Buijs WC, Verbeek AI, Draad MP, Corstens FH, van de Putte LB, et al. Bone mineral density in patients with recent onset rheumatoid arthritis: influence of disease activity and functional capacity. Ann Rheum Dis. 1993; 52:21-6. Google Scholar2. Laan RF, van Riel PL, van de Putte LB, van Erning LJ, van't Hof MA, Lemmens JA. Low-dose prednisone induced rapid reversible axial bone loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, controlled study. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:963-8. Google Scholar3. Laan RF, van Riel PL, van Erning LJ, Lemmens JA, Ruijs SH, Putte LB. Vertebral osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients: effect of low dose prednisone therapy. Br J Rheumatol. 1992; 31:91-6. Google Scholar4. Laan RF, Buijs WC, van Erning LJ, Lemmens JA, Corstens FH, Ruijs SH, et al. Differential effects of glucocorticoids on cortical appendicular and cortical vertebral bone mineral content. Calcif Tissue Int. 1993; 52:5-9. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University Hospital Nijmegen; 6500 HB Nijmegen; The Netherlands PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 1994Volume 120, Issue 8Page: 693-694KeywordsBoneBone resorptionRheumatoid arthritisSpine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 April 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 719: Combination of atypical protein kinase-C inhibitor and 5-fluorouracil retards the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells
Authors: S M Anisul Islam, Avijit Dey, Mildred Acevedo-Duncan
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and considered as the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although the number of CRC survivors with stage II and III are increasing, more than 50% of patients are diagnosed with stage III or beyond where the distant disease progression has already occurred. Surgical removal of cancerous tissue coupled with chemotherapeutic intervention is the main treatment of metastatic CRC and only hope of enhanced survival. The treatment of metastatic CRC considered palliative for many years aiming for an improved life, with little hope of a cure, highlighting the need for developing novel targeted therapy for CRC. Dysregulation of kinases has been shown to be pivotal of the various pathological process including cancer. Human protein kinases constitute a complicated system with intricate internal and external interaction which stimulates various cellular processes such as cell growth, metabolism, survival, and apoptosis. In this study, a combination of atypical protein kinase c (aPKC) inhibitor (ICA-I, PKC-ι inhibitor or ζ-Stat, PKC-ζ inhibitor) and 5-FU was used to examine the effect of aPKC and thymidylate synthase on CRC cells viability. The cell lines tested were LoVo and RKO CRC cells. Our findings showed that the combination of aPKC inhibitor and 5-FU significantly reduced the viability and induce apoptosis of CRC cells. These data suggest that the simultaneous knockdown of upstream aPKC protein and downstream DNA replication would be a useful approach to combat CRC and to improve overall patients’ survival rate. These results indicate the possibility of utilizing aPKC as the potential therapeutic targets in addition to blocking DNA synthesis in metastatic CRC. Citation Format: S M Anisul Islam, Avijit Dey, Mildred Acevedo-Duncan. Combination of atypical protein kinase-C inhibitor and 5-fluorouracil retards the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 719.
Abstract 2778: ADD3-loss in glioblastoma is associated with increased angiogenesis and malignancy
Authors: Mei-Yee Kiang, Gilberto Ka-Kit Leung
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Introduction: Adducin 3 (ADD3) is one of the major functional component in the cytoskeleton. Dysregulation of ADD3 has been implicated in various diseases including cancer and participate in different signaling transductions. However, little is known about the functional properties of ADD3 in cancer, its role in cancer biology remains unclear and controversial. We aim to delineate the role of ADD3 dysregulation in GBM pathogenesis and to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: Microarray datasets were used to analyze the gene expression of ADD3 in normal tissue and grade II, III, IV gliomas. Gene expression levels were verified by western blot, qPCR and immuno-histological analyses by using human clinical specimens. Luciferase-expressing ADD3 stable knockdown U87 malignant glioma cells were injected to immunocompromised mice subcutaneously and orthotopically for xenograft models. ADD3 stable knockdown U87 cells were co-cultured with human endothelial cells (HUVEC) to assess the functional changes. Findings: Our study demonstrated significant downregulation of ADD3 in human GBM when compared with lower-grade gliomas. Downregulation of ADD3 was only shown in GBM (i.e., WHO grade IV lesion) but not in grade II and grade III tumor. Importantly, we found that ADD3 downregulation is associated with poor clinical outcome in GBM patients. And that ADD3 knock-down enhanced tumor growth in vivo, possibly mediated by promoting angiogenesis. Conclusions: These findings suggest that ADD3 is associated with glioma malignancy, implying that cancer progression may occur along with the loss of ADD3. It may contribute towards tumor growth by enhancing angiogenesis. Citation Format: Mei-Yee Kiang, Gilberto Ka-Kit Leung. ADD3-loss in glioblastoma is associated with increased angiogenesis and malignancy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2778.
The use of race in medical research
Authors: N G Osborne, M D Feit
Journal: JAMA (1992)

IS RACIAL research in medicine racist? Publications about comparative racial research number in the thousands. A review of the English-language medical literature reveals that there is a predilection for making comparisons between black and white patients, particularly with diseases associated with promiscuity, underachievement, and antisocial behavior. Reports on studies of sexually acquired diseases,<sup>1-6</sup>suboptimal intellectual performance,<sup>7-9</sup>drug abuse,<sup>10,11</sup>violence,<sup>12-14</sup>and sexual assault<sup>15-17</sup>are common. Other topics of racial comparison are differences in incidence of renal and cardiovascular<sup>18-21</sup>diseases and presumed racial differences in anatomy,<sup>22,23</sup>physiology,<sup>24-26</sup>and psychology.<sup>27</sup> See also pp 259 and 268. When race is used as a variable in research, there is a tendency to assume that the results obtained are a manifestation of the biology of racial differences; race as a variable implies that a genetic reason may explain differences in incidence, severity, or outcome of medical conditions.
KEYNOTE-811 pembrolizumab plus trastuzumab and chemotherapy for HER2+ metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer (mG/GEJC): A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 study.
Authors: Yelena Yuriy Janjigian, Yung-Jue Bang, Charles S. Fuchs, Shukui Qin, Taroh Satoh, Kohei Shitara, Josep Tabernero, Eric Van Cutsem, Z. Alexander Cao, Xinqun Chen, S. Peter Kang, Chie-Schin Shih, Hyun Cheol Chung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

TPS4146 Background: Combination therapy with the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab with fluoropyrimidine and platinum is the current standard for patients with HER2+ mG/GEJc. We hypothesize that combination anti–PD-1 and anti-HER2 therapy will result in T-cell activation, augment ADCC, and potentiate antitumor immune response in HER2+ patients. This phase 2 study in HER2+ mG/GEJc demonstrated the safety and preliminary efficacy of trastuzumab/pembrolizumab/chemotherapy; the overall response rate was 87%, and the disease control rate was 100% Janjigian YY, ASCO GI 2019). KEYNOTE 811, a global, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study, is underway. Methods: Key eligibility criteria are age ≥18 years; previously untreated unresectable or metastatic HER2+ (centrally confirmed IHC 3+ or IHC 2+/ISH &gt;2.0) G/GEJ adenocarcinoma; life expectancy &gt;6 months with RECIST v1.1 measurable disease; adequate organ function and performance status. Patients will be randomly assigned 1:1 to receive chemotherapy with pembrolizumab 200 mg IV flat dose or placebo with trastuzumab 6 mg/kg (after 8 mg/kg load) Q3W up to 2 years or until intolerable toxicity or disease progression. Investigator choice chemotherapy will include day 1 cisplatin 80 mg/m 2 IV and /5-fluorouracil 800 mg/m 2 /day IV (days 1-5) or oxaliplatin 130 mg/m 2 IV and capecitabine 1000 mg/m 2 BID days 1-14 (Q3W). Primary end points are progression-free survival and overall survival. Secondary end points are objective response rate, duration of response, and safety and tolerability. Adverse events are graded per NCI CTCAE v4.0 and will be monitored for 30 or 90 days after treatment. Patients will be followed up for survival. Planned enrollment is approximately 692 patients. Clinical trial information: NCT03615326.
Endarterectomy for Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Daniel S. Foster
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I read with interest the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS)<sup>1</sup>regarding carotid endarterectomy in asymptomatic patients, primarily because I am a surgeon who frequently performs this operation. The results of the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET)<sup>2</sup>were quite impressive in confirming the benefits of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade stenoses. The finding that the percentage of major ipsilateral stroke in medical patients was 13.1% compared with 2.5% in surgical patients was particularly compelling. Unfortunately, although the ACAS was well designed, my interpretation of the data is far different than the reported conclusions and confirms convincingly that there is little or no benefit from carotid endarterectomy in asymptomatic patients. I have several concerns. First, only observed data (mean follow-up of 2.7 years) are acceptable. Extrapolation to 5 years to find statistical significance is not justified when no benefit was observed beyond 2.5
Influenza type B-related encephalopathy. The 1971 outbreak of Reye syndrome in Chicago
Authors: F. H. Hochberg
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Between Jan 15 and March 15, 1971, forty-eight grade-school patients living in western Chicago were hospitalized with an encephalopathic illness. Fourteen of these children had illnesses compatible with Reye syndrome (encephalopathy with liver impairment). Most of the children showed evidence of central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction within ten days after onset of a febrile upper respiratory tract illness. Seizures developed in 11 of the 48 patients (including 4 of the 14 with Reye syndrome). Eight of the encephalopathic patients, including 6 of the 14 with Reye syndrome, died. Two children without Reye syndrome had abnormalities of liver enzymes coincident with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. Sixteen of the 24 patients tested had titer rises in serum against influenza type B only; influenza type B was isolated from throat cultures of 2 patients. This, the seventh report of CNS complications (Reye syndrome) associated with influenza type B, suggests that surveillance for neurologic sequelae should become part of the epidemiologic evaluation of influenza epidemics. (<i>JAMA</i>231:817-821, 1975)
Preventing HIV/AIDS among adolescents. Schools as agents of behavior change
Authors: R. J. DiClemente
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Although adolescents currently account for less than 1% of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases in the United States, recent data indicate that the rate of adolescent AIDS cases has increased markedly,<sup>1</sup>especially among African-American adolescents.<sup>2</sup>Moreover, given the long latency period between infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and clinical symptoms, reliance on AIDS case surveillance data severely underestimates the serious health threat to adolescents posed by the AIDS epidemic. More relevant indices, such as HIV seroprevalence in selected adolescent populations<sup>2</sup>and the high prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases and sexual risk behaviors,<sup>3,4</sup>emphasize the need for the urgent development and implementation of programs that effectively reduce HIV-related risk behaviors, particularly unprotected sexual intercourse. See also p 725. Although sexual abstinence is the most effective method to prevent transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases, many adolescents are sexually active, with the age of
A quantitative image analysis model of prostate biopsies for predicting clinical risk in men enrolled in an active surveillance program.
Authors: Faisal M Khan, Gerardo Fernandez, Richard Scott, Ray S. Lance, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Laurence Klotz, Michael J. Donovan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e16002 Background: Quantitative image analysis of the prostate needle biopsy (PNB) has proven to be a robust and predictive platform for prostate cancer (PCa) prognosis. We sought to determine the performance of quantitative metrics in identifying which patients enrolled in an active surveillance (AS) program are most likely to present with significant clinical risk, including subsequent biopsy Gleason grade (GG) upgrading and/or a short (<24 month) PSA doubling time (PSADT). Methods: 162 AS patients (median age 70, 94% cT1-T2a, 85% <=GS6, median PSA 5.9 ng/mL) with overall 8 year median follow up and available diagnostic PNB specimens were analyzed. Computerized image analysis derived quantitative biometric features representing PCa morphology and immunofluorescent (IF) biomarkers from the PNB. Multivariate models predicting either GG upgrading on a subsequent PNB or a PSADT <24 months were evaluated. The AUC/concordance index (CI), sensitivity, specificity and hazard ratio (HR) were used to assess performance. Results: Univariate distribution of selective features, notably expression levels of AR and Ki67, were reflective of a low risk cohort.A multivariate model with three quantitative imaging metrics was trained with a CI of 0.77. Men at high risk within 24 months of the PNB were identified with 80% sensitivity and 73% specificity, HR of 5.7. The most important feature measured the relative proportion of tumor epithelial nuclei that were both Androgen Receptor and AMACR positive. The other two features were morphological assessments of epithelial cellular area compared to luminal area. Of note, clinical features such as age, GG and PSA were not selected in competition with the imaging metrics. Conclusions: Quantitative image analysis of morphology and IF biomarker expression in the PNB outperformed standard clinical features in a multivariate model to accurately predict which AS patients are at risk for Gleason upgrading and/or a shortened PSADT. Identifying such patients may prove beneficial in the primary treatment decision process.
Queries and Minor Notes
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Committee on Foods
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4769: Gene expression profiling of response to short- and long-term treatment of LSZ102 in MCF7 cells
Authors: Choi Lai Tiong Yip, Joshua Korn, David Ruddy, Daniel Rakiec, Darrin Stuart, Alex Gaither
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, and the second most common cause of cancer death in woman in the US. Close to 80% of breast cancer are estrogen receptor (ER) positive and can benefit from antiestrogen treatment. LSZ102 is a novel oral selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) in clinical development, which exhibits potent activity in inducing ER degradation, modulating ER-target genes transcription and inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells both in-vitro and in-vivo. In this study, we have investigated the effects of short term and prolonged LSZ102 treatment on global gene expression in ER positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. MCF-7 cells were treated with LSZ102 for 24 hours, 8 weeks and 14 weeks, followed by transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing. Our findings show LSZ102 effectively inhibited ER transcriptional activity and lead to a sustained suppression of estrogen responsive genes expression in LSZ102-treated cells of all time points. We also observed a cumulative up-regulation of EPAS1, a hypoxia-inducible transcription factor. In addition, we found up-regulation of EGFR and ERBB2 genes and regulated genes in cells with prolonged treatment of LSZ102. In summary, our results suggest a possible role of EPAS1 in eliciting a compensatory growth promoting signals in breast cancer cells adapted to ER inhibition. Citation Format: Choi Lai Tiong Yip, Joshua Korn, David Ruddy, Daniel Rakiec, Darrin Stuart, Alex Gaither. Gene expression profiling of response to short- and long-term treatment of LSZ102 in MCF7 cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4769.
Commentary: A Partnership Study of PCBs and the Health of Mohawk Youth: Lessons from Our Past and Guidelines for Our Future
Authors: Lawrence M. Schell, Alice M. Tarbell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

This paper describes a research partnership between the people of Akwesasne and researchers from the State University of New York at Albany for the study of polychlorinated biphenyls and the health of Mohawk youth.The study is distinctive because its goals have been set by the scientists and the community members and is being conducted jointly by these groups.The research partnership recognizes the history of relationships between native and nonnative peoples, particularly scientists, and seeks not only to fulfill certain scientific goals but to further community ones as well.The relationship is based on three principles: mutual respect, mutual equity, and mutual empowerment.These principles guided every aspect of the research process.The project goals were determined jointly to maximize data quality and minimize the intrusion of research activities into the lives of community members.Data collection is performed by research assistants who received extensive and ongoing training in data collection methods, and who are members of the community.Feedback procedures were designed by community members and scientists jointly to maximize understanding.Feedback regarding individuals' pollutant levels and assessments of growth and development are provided to each individual.Information about community pollutant levels are provided to the community.Hypothesis testing is carried out by research scientists, and the results presented first at a community meeting.