tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Geographic Access to Pediatric Cancer Care in the US
Authors: Xiaohui Liu, Mark N. Fluchel, Anne C. Kirchhoff, Haojie Zhu, Tracy Onega
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Although access to pediatric cancer care has implications for use of such care and patient outcomes, little is known about the geographic accessibility of pediatric cancer care and how it may vary by population characteristics across the continental US. Objective To estimate the travel time to pediatric cancer care settings in the continental US, identify potential disparities among subgroups of children and adolescents and young adults (AYAs), and identify areas needing improved access to pediatric cancer care. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study collected data from August 1 to December 1, 2021. Pediatric oncologists’ service locations in 2021 served as the pediatric cancer care settings, data for which were scraped from 2 websites containing information about health professionals. Demographic characteristics for younger children and AYAs aged 0 to 21 years were obtained from the 2015 to 2019 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. Data were analyzed from January 1 to April 31, 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was the travel time from geographic centroids of zip code tabulation areas to the nearest pediatric oncologist. The median (IQR) travel times for each demographic subgroup were estimated. Per capita pediatric oncologist supply was calculated by dividing the total number of pediatric oncologists for each state or US Census division by its population. Results Of the 90 498 890 children and AYAs included in the study, 63.6% were estimated to travel less than 30 minutes and 19.7% to travel between 30 and 60 minutes (for a total of 83.3%) to the nearest pediatric oncologist. Median (IQR) travel times were longest for the American Indian or Alaska Native pediatric population (46 [16-104] minutes) and residents of rural areas (95 [68-135] minutes), areas with high deprivation levels (36 [13-72] minutes), and the South (24 [13-47] minutes) and Midwest (22 [11-51] minutes) compared with the general population of children and AYAs. The pediatric oncologist supply was lowest in Wyoming (0 oncologists per 100 000 pediatric population) and highest in Washington, DC (53.3 oncologists per 100 000 pediatric population). Pediatric oncologist supply across Census divisions was lowest in the Mountain division (3.3 oncologists per 100 000 pediatric population) and highest in the New England division (8.1 oncologists per 100 000 pediatric population). Conclusions and Relevance Results of this study showed that most children and AYAs in the continental US had adequate access to pediatric cancer care, although disparities existed among racial and ethnic groups and residents in rural areas, areas with high deprivation levels, and some Southern and Midwestern states. Reducing these disparities may require innovative approaches, such as expanding the capabilities of local facilities and creating partnerships with adult oncology centers and primary care physicians.
Association of Active Postnatal Care With Infant Survival Among Periviable Infants in the US
Authors: Emani R. Silva, Vivek V. Shukla, Rachel Tindal, Waldemar A. Carlo, Colm P. Travers
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Active postnatal care has been associated with center differences in survival among periviable infants. Regional differences in outcomes among periviable infants in the US may be associated with differences in active postnatal care. Objective To determine if regions with higher rates of active postnatal care will have higher gestational age-specific survival rates among periviable infants. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included live births from 22 to 25 weeks’ gestation weighing 400 to 999 g in the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) WONDER 2017 to 2020 (expanded) database. Infants with congenital anomalies were excluded. Active postnatal care was defined using the CDC definition of abnormal conditions of newborn as presence of any of the following: neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, surfactant, assisted ventilation, antibiotics, and seizures. Data were analyzed from August to November 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures Regional gestational age-specific survival rates were compared with rates of active postnatal care in the 10 US Health and Human Services regions using Kendall τ test. Results We included 41 707 periviable infants, of whom 32 674 (78%) were singletons and 19 467 (46.7%) were female. Among those studied 34 983 (83.9%) had evidence of active care, and 26 009 (62.6%) survived. Regional rates of active postnatal care were positively correlated with regional survival rates at 22 weeks’ gestation ( r τ [8] = 0.56; r 2 = 0.31; P = .03) but the correlation was not significant at 23 weeks’ gestation ( r τ [8] = 0.47; r 2 = 0.22; P = .07). There was no correlation between active care and survival at 24 or 25 weeks’ gestation. Regional rates of both NICU admission and assisted ventilation following delivery were positively correlated with regional rates of survival at 22 weeks’ gestation (both P &amp;amp;lt; .05). Regional rates of antenatal corticosteroids exposure were also positively correlated with regional rates of survival at 22 weeks’ gestation ( r τ [8] = 0.60; r 2 = 0.36; P = .02). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of 41 707 periviable infants, regional differences in rates of active postnatal care, neonatal intensive care unit admission, provision of assisted ventilation and antenatal corticosteroid exposure were moderately correlated with survival at 22 weeks’ gestation. Further studies focused on individual-level factors associated with active periviable care are warranted.
CRISPR-dCas13-tracing reveals transcriptional memory and limited mRNA export in developing zebrafish embryos
Authors: Youkui Huang, Bao-Qing Gao, Quan Meng, Liang-Zhong Yang, Xu-Kai Ma, Hao Wu, Yu-Hang Pan, Li Yang, Dong Li, Ling-Ling Chen
Journal: Genome biology (2023)

Understanding gene transcription and mRNA-protein (mRNP) dynamics in single cells in a multicellular organism has been challenging. The catalytically dead CRISPR-Cas13 (dCas13) system has been used to visualize RNAs in live cells without genetic manipulation. We optimize this system to track developmentally expressed mRNAs in zebrafish embryos and to understand features of endogenous transcription kinetics and mRNP export.
Association of Changes in Smoking Intensity With Risk of Dementia in Korea
Authors: Su-Min Jeong, Junhee Park, Kyungdo Han, Juhwan Yoo, Jung Eun Yoo, Cheol Min Lee, Wonyoung Jung, Jinkook Lee, SangYun Kim, Dong Wook Shin
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Several observational studies have reported that smoking cessation is associated with a lower risk of dementia. However, no studies have examined the association between change in smoking intensity and risk of dementia. Objective To investigate the association between a change in smoking intensity, including smoking reduction and smoking cessation, and risk of all dementia. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used data from the National Health Insurance Service database of Korea. The cohort included participants 40 years or older who underwent biennial health examinations (2009 and 2011) and had current smoking status at the first health examination. The cohort was followed up until December 31, 2018, and statistical analysis was performed between July and December 2021. Exposures Change in smoking intensity from baseline was defined operationally as follows: quitters (stopped smoking), reducers I (decreased number of cigarettes smoked per day by ≥50%), reducers II (decreased number of cigarettes smoked per day by 20%-50%), sustainers (maintained [decreased or increased] number of cigarettes smoked per day by less than 20%), or increasers (increased number of cigarettes smoked per day by ≥20%). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was newly diagnosed dementia, which was identified by prescribed antidementia medications with concomitant International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision diagnosis codes for dementia. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs were used to determine the association between change in smoking intensity and incidence of dementia, including Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). Results A total of 789 532 participants (756 469 males [95.8%]; mean [SD] age, 52.2 [8.5] years) were included. During a median (IQR) follow-up period of 6.3 (6.1-6.6) years, 11 912 dementia events, including 8800 AD and 1889 VaD events, were identified. Overall, participants in the quitter group had a significantly lower risk of all dementia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87-0.97) compared with those in the sustainer group. Those in the reducer I (aHR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.18-1.33) and increaser (aHR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.06-1.18) groups had a significantly higher risk of all dementia compared with those in the sustainer group.The patterns for AD and VaD remained consistent with patterns for all dementia. Conclusions and Relevance The results of this study showed that smoking cessation was associated with a lower risk of dementia compared with sustained smoking intensity, while smoking reduction was associated with a higher risk. Smoking cessation should be emphasized in efforts to reduce the disease burden of dementia.
An IBD-associated pathobiont synergises with NSAID to promote colitis which is blocked by NLRP3 inflammasome and Caspase-8 inhibitors
Authors: Raminder Singh, Valerio Rossini, Stephen R. Stockdale, Gonzalo Saiz-Gonzalo, Naomi Hanrahan, Tanya D’ Souza, Adam Clooney, Lorraine A. Draper, Colin Hill, Ken Nally, Fergus Shanahan, Stefan Andersson-Engels, Silvia Melgar
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

Conflicting evidence exists on the association between consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and symptomatic worsening of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We hypothesized that the heterogeneous prevalence of pathobionts [e.g., adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC)], might explain this inconsistent NSAIDs/IBD correlation. Using IL10−/− mice, we found that NSAID aggravated colitis in AIEC-colonized animals. This was accompanied by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, Caspase-8, apoptosis, and pyroptosis, features not seen in mice exposed to AIEC or NSAID alone, revealing an AIEC/NSAID synergistic effect. Inhibition of NLRP3 or Caspase-8 activity ameliorated colitis, with reduction in NLRP3 inflammasome activation, cell death markers, activated T-cells and macrophages, improved histology, and increased abundance of Clostridium cluster XIVa species. Our findings provide new insights into how NSAIDs and an opportunistic gut-pathobiont can synergize to worsen IBD symptoms. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome or Caspase-8 could be a potential therapeutic strategy in IBD patients with gut inflammation, which is worsened by NSAIDs.
Design of a Fuel Explosion-Based Chameleon-Like Soft Robot Aided by the Comprehensive Dynamic Model
Authors: Haiqin Zhou, Shunze Cao, Shuailong Zhang, Fenggang Li, Nan Ma
Journal: Cyborg and Bionic Systems (2023)

Soft robotics have advantages over the traditional rigid ones to achieve the bending motion but face with challenges to realize the rapid and long-distance linear motion due to the lack of a suitable actuation system. In this paper, a new explosion-based soft robot is proposed to generate the axial fast extension by the explosion pressure. To support and predict the performance of this explosion-based soft robot, a novel dynamic model is developed by considering the change of working fluid (molecular numbers) and some unavoidable and influential factors in the combustion process. Then, based on the physical prototype, a set of experiments is conducted to test the performance of the explosion-based soft robot in performing the axial extensions, as well as to validate the model proposed in this article. It is found that the novel explosion-based soft robot can achieve rapid axial extension by the developed explosion-based actuation system. The explosion-based soft robot can achieve 41-mm displacement at a fuel mass of 180 mg. In addition, the proposed dynamic model can be validated with an average error of 1.5%. The proposed approach in this study provides a promising solution for future high-power density explosion-based soft robots.
Microfluidic-Assisted <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Sorting: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Hang Yuan, Wenwen Yuan, Sixuan Duan, Keran Jiao, Quan Zhang, Eng Gee Lim, Min Chen, Chun Zhao, Peng Pan, Xinyu Liu, Pengfei Song
Journal: Cyborg and Bionic Systems (2023)

Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ) has been a popular model organism for several decades since its first discovery of the huge research potential for modeling human diseases and genetics. Sorting is an important means of providing stage- or age-synchronized worm populations for many worm-based bioassays. However, conventional manual techniques for C. elegans sorting are tedious and inefficient, and commercial complex object parametric analyzer and sorter is too expensive and bulky for most laboratories. Recently, the development of lab-on-a-chip (microfluidics) technology has greatly facilitated C. elegans studies where large numbers of synchronized worm populations are required and advances of new designs, mechanisms, and automation algorithms. Most previous reviews have focused on the development of microfluidic devices but lacked the summaries and discussion of the biological research demands of C. elegans , and are hard to read for worm researchers. We aim to comprehensively review the up-to-date microfluidic-assisted C. elegans sorting developments from several angles to suit different background researchers, i.e., biologists and engineers. First, we highlighted the microfluidic C. elegans sorting devices' advantages and limitations compared to the conventional commercialized worm sorting tools. Second, to benefit the engineers, we reviewed the current devices from the perspectives of active or passive sorting, sorting strategies, target populations, and sorting criteria. Third, to benefit the biologists, we reviewed the contributions of sorting to biological research. We expect, by providing this comprehensive review, that each researcher from this multidisciplinary community can effectively find the needed information and, in turn, facilitate future research.
BLyS/APRIL dual inhibition for IgG4-RD: a prospective single-arm clinical trial of telitacicept
Authors: Shaozhe Cai, Ziwei Hu, Yu Chen, Yuxue Chen, Bingxia Ming, Rongfen Gao, Zhen Li, Cong Ye, Jixin Zhong, Lingli Dong
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2023)

Figure 1 Clinical and laboratory parameters in IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) treated with telitacicept.(A) Left part shows previous IgG4-RD treatment strategy.The patient was diagnosed with IgG4-RD in Tongji Hospital in April 2017.At this point, the patient was treated with oral prednisone (30 mg orally) for 2 months.Prednisone dosage decreased regularly by 5 mg every 2 or 3 months to 5 mg in April 2018, which was maintained for 20 months until December 2019.And then withdrawal of prednisone sustained for 17 months until May 2021.(A) Right part shows serum levels of IgG (g/L), IgM (*10 g/L), IgE (*0.1 IU/L), IgA (g/L), IgG1-4 (g/L), C3 (g/L), C4 (g/L), Cr (µmol/L), eGFR (ml/min/1.73m 2 ) and IgG4-RD RI before and after treatment with telitacicept.Pink areas indicate the period of telitacicept treatment.Bar plot on the left and upper area shows the timeline of treatment from the first onset of IgG4-RD.(B) The maximum lesion area of left submandibular gland and lymph node in coronal plane, and the largest maximum lesion area of kidneys (red arrows) in transverse plane before and after 60 weeks of telitacicept treatment.(C) The safety data recorded during the telitacicept treatment.(D) Mann-Kendall trend analyses of the IgG4-RD RI, CD24-plasmablasts, IgE and IgM during the followup.(E) Principal component analysis of the baseline immune laboratory data of the enrolled cases.(F) Analysis of the coefficients of x-variables of the PC1's linear combination with the following baseline indices: gender, age, WBC, N#, L#, Mono#, Eos#, Baso#, ESR, hsCRP, IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgE, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, T cell, CD8+T cell, CD4+T cell, NK cell, B cell, Th/Ts.Data were analysed and plotted with Prism software (V.8.0.2) or R software (V.4.1.1).Baso#, absolute basophil count; Eos#, absolute eosinophil count; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; hsCRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; L#, absolute lymphocyte count; N#, absolute neutrophil count; Mono#, absolute monocyte count; RI, Responder index Index; WBC, white blood cell.
Understanding neuroimmune interactions in disorders of gut–brain interaction: from functional to immune-mediated disorders
Authors: Tim Vanuytsel, Premysl Bercik, Guy Boeckxstaens
Journal: Gut (2023)

Functional gastrointestinal disorders—recently renamed into disorders of gut–brain interaction—such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia are highly prevalent conditions with bothersome abdominal symptoms in the absence of structural abnormalities. While traditionally considered as motility disorders or even psychosomatic conditions, our understanding of the pathophysiology has evolved significantly over the last two decades. Initial observations of subtle mucosal infiltration with immune cells, especially mast cells and eosinophils, are since recently being backed up by mechanistic evidence demonstrating increased release of nociceptive mediators by immune cells and the intestinal epithelium. These mediators can activate sensitised neurons leading to visceral hypersensitivity with bothersome symptoms. The interaction between immune activation and an impaired barrier function of the gut is most likely a bidirectional one with alterations in the microbiota, psychological stress and food components as upstream players in the pathophysiology. Only few immune-targeting treatments are currently available, but an improved understanding through a multidisciplinary scientific approach will hopefully identify novel, more precise treatment targets with ultimately better outcomes.
Optimizing Survival Benefit by Surgical Resection by the Seven-Eleven Criteria in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage A/B Hepatocellular Carcinoma beyond the Milan Criteria
Authors: Chian-Tzu Huang, Yu-Long Chu, Tung-Hung Su, Shang-Chin Huang, Tai-Chung Tseng, Shih-Jer Hsu, Sih-Han Liao, Chun-Ming Hong, Chen-Hua Liu, Hung-Chih Yang, Chun-Jen Liu, Pei-Jer Chen, Jia-Horng Kao
Journal: Liver Cancer (2023)

Introduction: Optimal treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beyond the Milan criteria is in debate. We aimed to identify candidates for surgical resection (SR) in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC)-A/B HCC beyond the Milan criteria with survival benefit. Methods: Patients with BCLC-A/B HCC beyond the Milan criteria at the National Taiwan University Hospital during 2005 and 2019 were screened, and those who received transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or SR were consecutively included. The tumor burden was classified by the seven-eleven criteria into low (≤7), intermediate (7–11), or high (&gt;11). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used for outcome prediction. Results: Overall, 474 patients who received SR (n = 247) and TACE (n = 227) were enrolled. Patients who underwent SR were significantly younger with better liver reserve. There were 76 (31%) and 129 (57%) deaths in the SR and TACE groups after a median follow-up of 3.9 and 2.1 years, respectively. The seven-eleven criteria could distinguish median overall survival (OS) among low (n = 149), intermediate (n = 203), and high (n = 122) tumor burden groups (7.7 vs. 6.9 vs. 2.8 years, respectively, p &lt; 0.001). Patients receiving SR had a significantly higher median OS compared with TACE in those with intermediate (8.2 vs. 2.6 years, p &lt; 0.001) and high (5.6 vs. 1.5 years, p = 0.001) tumor burden. After adjustment for age, sex, and liver reserve, SR was predictive for better OS in intermediate (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27–0.75) and high tumor burden groups (aHR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.32–0.92). The survival benefit of SR especially confines to patients within 3 tumors. Conclusions: In patients with BCLC-A/B HCC beyond the Milan criteria with tumor burden beyond the up-to-7 criteria but within 3 tumors, SR has better OS than TACE and should be considered in resectable patients.
Ferroptosis: The Entanglement between Traditional Drugs and Nanodrugs in Tumor Therapy
Authors: Kexuan Liu, Lei Huang, Shuangyan Qi, Shuchen Liu, Wangni Xie, Liuyi Du, Jing Cui, Xu Zhang, Boya Zhang, Lijun Liu, Daowei Li, Hongchen Sun
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic programmed cell death caused by the accumulation of lipid peroxide. System Xc-/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) axis and iron axis are two main pathways regulating ferroptosis. Simultaneously, multiple pathways are also involved in the ferroptosis regulation. Ferroptosis is an intense area of the current study. With the improvement of the regulatory mechanisms that underlie ferroptosis, a variety of drugs associated with ferroptosis have been discovered and developed for cancer therapy. Among them, traditional drugs were developed initially. Small molecule compounds that regulate ferroptosis signaling pathway and iron complexes that promote the Fenton reaction have become important drugs for inducing ferroptosis. In recent years, the emerging development of nanotechnology has promoted the research of ferroptosis nanodrugs. Iron-based nanomaterials are extensively tested as ferroptosis-inducing agents. Furthermore, nanoscale drug delivery systems offer a suitable scaffold for traditional drug therapies. Traditional drugs and nanodrugs are complementary, each with their own strengths and limitations. This review describes the latest studies on the regulation of ferroptosis in tumor cells and focuses on the entanglement between traditional drugs and nanodrugs. To conclude, the challenges and perspectives in this field are put forward.
Shedding light on myopia by studying complete congenital stationary night blindness
Authors: Christina Zeitz, Jérome E. Roger, Isabelle Audo, Christelle Michiels, Nuria Sánchez-Farías, Juliette Varin, Helen Frederiksen, Baptiste Wilmet, Jacques Callebert, Marie-Laure Gimenez, Nassima Bouzidi, Frederic Blond, Xavier Guilllonneau, Stéphane Fouquet, Thierry Léveillard, Vasily Smirnov, Ajoy Vincent, Elise Héon, José-Alain Sahel, Barbara Kloeckener-Gruissem, Florian Sennlaub, Catherine W. Morgans, Robert M. Duvoisin, Andrei V. Tkatchenko, Serge Picaud
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2023)
FOxTROT: Are We Ready to Dance?
Authors: Julien Taieb, Mehdi Karoui
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

Colon cancer (CC) outcomes have improved significantly over the past two decades because of advances in the nonmetastatic setting.Since 2004 and the MOSAIC 1 trial, infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX; fluorouracil-leucovorin-oxaliplatin) for 6 months has been the standard adjuvant treatment for resected stage III patients and more controversially for high-risk stage II.More recently, capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) has been shown to be associated with very similar outcomes and is considered as a second, albeit slightly more toxic standard.
Preoperative Chemotherapy for Operable Colon Cancer: Mature Results of an International Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Dion Morton, Matthew Seymour, Laura Magill, Kelly Handley, James Glasbey, Bengt Glimelius, Andy Palmer, Jenny Seligmann, Søren Laurberg, Keigo Murakami, Nick West, Philip Quirke, Richard Gray
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has potential advantages over standard postoperative chemotherapy for locally advanced colon cancer but requires formal evaluation.