tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypermetabolic Subserosal Uterine Leiomyoma With Synchronous Atypical Multiple Myeloma Mimicking Ovarian Malignancy With Multiple Bone Metastases on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Xilan Yao, Weiting Liu, Xiaohong Ou
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract Subserosal cystic myoma with intense FDG uptake can resemble malignant cystic ovarian tumor and may lead to a false-positive diagnosis. A 49-year-old woman presented with chest pain for 4 months, and the initial chest CT showed multiple bone lesions. 18 F-FDG PET/CT revealed not only multiple osteolytic lesions with FDG uptake but also a highly FDG-avid mass abutting the right side of the uterus. Ovarian malignancy with multiple bone metastases was considered initially. Subsequent biopsy confirmed multiple myeloma, and a subserosal uterine myoma was diagnosed by transvaginal sonography.
Head-to-Head Comparison Between Rabbit Sign and EANM/SNMMI Criteria for the 18F-DOPA Visual Assessment of Parkinsonian Syndromes in PET/MRI
Authors: Lucas Goldfarb, Alex Iep, Mohammad Bilal Chawki, Loc Nguyen, François Lun, Amer-Adam Al Najjar Carpentier, Anne de Recondo, Jérôme Blin, Valérie Bourdinaud, Ludovic Morin, Harisoa Andriatsiferana, André Ferreira, Anne Marie Deschiens, Vincent Brulon, Claude Comtat, Vincent Lebon, Florent L. Besson
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of the rabbit visual pattern versus the one endorsed by the EANM/SNMMI for the diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes in PET/MRI. Patients and Methods The 18F-DOPA PET images of 129 consecutive patients (65 Park+ and 64 controls) with 1 year of clinical follow-up were reviewed independently by 5 experienced readers on the same imaging workstation, blinded to the final clinical diagnosis. Two visual methods were assessed independently, with several days to months of interval: the criteria endorsed by EANM/SNMMI and the “rabbit” shape of the striate assessed on 3D MIP images. The sensitivities, specificities, likelihood ratios, and predictive values of the 2 diagnostic tests were estimated simultaneously by using the “comparison of 2 binary diagnostic tests to a paired design” method. Results The estimated 95% confidence interval (CI) of sensitivities and specificities ranged from 49.4% to 76.5% and from 83.2% to 97.7%, respectively. The 95% CI estimates of positive and negative likelihood ratios ranged from 3.8 to 26.7 and from 0.26 to 0.56, respectively. The 95% CI estimates of the positive and negative predictive values ranged from 78.1% to 96.7% and from 60.3% to 81.4%, respectively. For all the parameters, no statistical difference was observed between the 2 methods (P > 0.05). The rabbit sign reduced the readers’ discrepancies by 25%, while maintaining the same performance. Conclusions The rabbit visual pattern appears at least comparable to the current EANM/SNMMI reference procedure for the assessment of parkinsonian syndromes in daily clinical practice, without the need of any image postprocessing. Further multicenter prospective studies would be of relevance to validate these findings.
Re: Aducanumab-Related ARIA: Paean or Lament?
Authors: Heidi R. Wassef, Patrick M. Colletti
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Høilund-Carlsen and colleagues raise concern regarding the reliability of amyloid PET to exclude Alzheimer disease. We present additional studies of amyloid PET and discuss the diagnostic challenges in Alzheimer disease. We discuss the limitations of amyloid in diagnosis and evaluation of therapy response in AD.
Inverted FDG Uptake Pattern in Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Sho Koyasu, Akihiko Sugimoto, Yuji Nakamoto
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

A 47-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of subcutaneous nodules, erythema, and fever. 18F-FDG PET images demonstrated inverted FDG uptake pattern corresponding to the subcutaneous lesion against lymph nodes. The specimen of the inguinal lesion showed massive infiltration of small lymphocytes in the adipose tissue with rimming adipocytes, whereas very few tumor cells infiltrated the lymph nodes. Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) was diagnosed. SPTCL normally shows quite interesting distribution of tumor cells, that is, lymph node involvement is usually absent. Therefore, this case highlighted the importance of the inverted accumulation pattern on FDG PET to suspect SPTCL.
18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging of G-CSF–Producing Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Pleura
Authors: Koji Tokunaga, Chikara Maeda, Sadao Horikawa, Ryuko Nakayama, Shigeaki Umeoka
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract We report a case of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)–producing inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the pleura in a 71-year-old man. Contrast-enhanced CT demonstrated multiple pleural masses with pulmonary hilar lymph nodes swelling. 18 F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated marked focal FDG uptake in the thoracic masses with diffuse uptake in the bone marrow. Based on the pathological findings and elevated serum G-CSF level, the patient was diagnosed as G-CSF–producing inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Because G-CSF–producing tumors demonstrate aggressive clinical course, early and accurate diagnosis is important.
Exceptional Response of Rare Plasmacytoid Variant Prostate Cancer Post 177Lu-PSMA Therapy Seen on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT
Authors: Masha Maharaj, Lucille Heslop, Trisha Govender, Nisaar Korowlay
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Plasmacytoid is a rare variant of acinar prostatic adenocarcinoma. The aggressive type is characterized by an aggressive clinical course, lack of responsiveness to hormonal therapies, and an overall poor prognosis. Here we present pretherapy and posttherapy 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT images showing an exceptional response to 177Lu-PSMA therapy. This case demonstrates the usefulness of both 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in assessing the tumor PSMA avidity and the potential of 177Lu-PSMA therapy in these patients.
Comparison of the Detection Performance Between FAP and FDG PET/CT in Various Cancers
Authors: Wen-Yi Chang, Neng-Chuan Tseng, Li-Yu Chen, Chi-Wei Chang, Ya-Yao Huang, Ya-Ting Huang, Yen-Chuan Ou, Nan-Jing Peng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

18F-FDG is the dominant radiotracer in oncology; however, it has limitations. Novel labeled fibroblast activation protein (FAP) radiotracers have been developed and published in several studies. Thus, this meta-analysis aimed to compare the detection rates (DRs) of FDG and FAP, based on previous studies from a systematic review.PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane library databases were used to perform a comprehensive and systematic search and are updated to April 30, 2022. The DR, relative risk, and the SUVmax were calculated between the FAP and FDG tracers. Finally, the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and summary receiver operating characteristic curve of FAP and FDG were analyzed using gold and reference standards.Thirty studies (1170 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. The relative risks of FAP DR for the primary tumor, recurrent tumor, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis were FDG 1.06- to 3.00-fold per patient and per lesion. For the primary tumor, FAP uptake was most intense in pancreatic cancer, followed by head and neck, cervical, colorectal, lung, gastric, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and was higher than FDG except for urological system cancer. The sensitivity (0.84-0.98), diagnostic odds ratio (19.36-358.47), and summary receiver operating characteristic curve (0.94-0.99) of FAP based on patient and lesion were better for primary tumors, LN metastasis, and distant metastasis than FDG.Fibroblast activation protein is an extremely potential radiotracer to replace most of the use of FDG in oncology. It is noteworthy that the FAP tracers for primary tumors had low specificity despite excellent sensitivity and had lower uptake than FDG in urological system cancer. In addition, the difference in detection between FAP and FDG for LN metastasis could not be certain in sarcoma.
Development and Validation of 18F-FDG PET/CT-Based Models for Predicting Successful Complete Cytoreduction During Primary Cytoreductive Surgery for Advanced Ovarian cancer
Authors: Junhwan Kim, Joonhyung Gil, Se Ik Kim, Suhyun Hwangbo, Joseph J. Noh, Jeong-Won Lee, Gi Jeong Cheon, Jae-Weon Kim, Young Seok Cho, Maria Lee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

The aim of this study was to develop an 18F-FDG PET/CT-based model to predict complete cytoreduction during primary cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for ovarian cancer (OC).We retrospectively identified patients with stage III-IV OC who underwent primary CRS between June 2013 and February 2020 at 2 tertiary centers. Patients from each hospital were assigned to training and test sets. The abdominal cavity was divided into 3 sections, and data for the PET/CT-derived parameters were collected through image analysis. Various prediction models were constructed by combining clinicopathologic characteristics and PET/CT-derived parameters. The performance of the model with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was externally validated.The training and test sets included 159 and 166 patients, respectively. The median age of patients in the test set was 55 years; 72.3% of them had stage III tumors, and 65.4% underwent complete cytoreduction. Metabolic tumor volume, total lesion glycolysis, and the number of metastatic lesions above the upper margin of the renal vein (area A) were selected among the PET/CT parameters. The best predictive multivariable model consisted of CA-125 (<750 or ≥750 IU/mL), number of metastatic lesions (<2 or ≥2), and metabolic tumor volume of area A, predicting complete cytoreduction with an AUC of 0.768. The model was validated using a test set. Its predictive performance yielded an AUC of 0.771.We successfully developed and validated a preoperative model to predict complete cytoreduction in advanced OC. This model can facilitate patient selection for primary CRS in clinical practice.
Incidental Finding of a Tongue Schwannoma Mimicking Local Recurrence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma on a Systematic Follow-up 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Jacques Dzuko Kamga, Jean-Christophe Leclere, Virginie Conan-Charlet, Valentin Tissot, Ronan Abgral
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract Schwannomas are usually benign, rare, and slow-growing nerve sheath tumor composed of Schwann cells. They develop in the head and neck area in approximately 25% to 40% of cases, of which 1% in the oral cavity, where the tongue remains the preferred site. Malignant transformation occurs in approximately 8% to 10% cases. We report a unique case of a histologically proven FDG-avid schwannoma of the left mobile portion of the tongue, showing an 18 F-FDG avidity on PET/CT, which was a false-positive result for local recurrence in a patient followed for squamous cell carcinoma.
Normalization of Liver Physiological Uptake as a Response Marker to Treatment in Prostate Cancer Liver Metastases Appearing as Photopenic on Baseline 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT
Authors: Julie Faudemer, Emeline Meriaux, Xavier Tillou, Nicolas Aide
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

In a 54-year-old patient referred for 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) baseline PET/CT before chemotherapy for biopsy-proven liver metastases, FCH PET/CT demonstrated multiple hypodense hepatic lesions with no FCH uptake and 2 positive bone metastases. FCH PET/CT performed after 6 cycles of docetaxel demonstrated a near normalization of the physiological uptake in the area of the sterilized liver metastases, which was confirmed by a drop in prostate-specific antigen and a complete metabolic response in the bone metastases. The present case demonstrates a new pattern of response defined by a reverse phenomenon from photopenic to normal uptake in responding liver metastases.
68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT Incidentally Detects Relapsed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Patient With Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Yazan Z. Alabed
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract A 54-year-old man with metastatic well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas underwent 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scan to evaluate treatment response. Patient was known for remote history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), previously treated. Scan revealed diffusely increased abnormal tracer uptake throughout the marrow of the axial and proximal appendicular skeleton. Bone marrow biopsy revealed relapsed CLL. We present a rare case of relapsed CLL incidentally detected on 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT.
Heterotopic Pancreas Mimicking Metastases From Renal Carcinoma
Authors: Deepanksha Datta, Rajesh Kumar, Peeyush Varshney, Sudeep Khera, Tanisha Gupta
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Heterotopic pancreas, also known as ectopic or aberrant pancreas, is described as the deposits of normal pancreatic tissue "dropped" into the developing gastrointestinal system. Here we present an operated case of renal clear cell carcinoma, which on 6-month follow-up presented with eccentric mass in the gastric body suspicious for malignancy. Endoscopic biopsy was inconclusive and showed isometabolism on 18F-FDG PET/CT. It was subsequently resected laparoscopically, and final histopathology revealed heterotopic pancreas.
Effectiveness and safety of four different beta‐blockers in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Baoshan Liu, Rui Zhang, Aiyuan Zhang, Guodong Wang, Jiupan Xu, Yun Zhang, Yanping Liu, Panpan Hao
Journal: MedComm (2023)

In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of bisoprolol, metoprolol, carvedilol, and nebivolol in the treatment of chronic heart failure. The results demonstrated that bisoprolol improved the prognosis of chronic heart failure in comparison with carvedilol, and carvedilol exerted similar effects as metoprolol succinate and nebivolol and better effect than metoprolol tartrate (evidence levels: bisoprolol > carvedilol = metoprolol succinate = nebivolol > metoprolol tartrate; " > " means "prior to").
Intelligent microneedle patch with prolonged local release of hydrogen and magnesium ions for diabetic wound healing
Authors: Pei Wang, Jiayingzi Wu, Haiyan Yang, Hengke Liu, Tianyu Yao, Chang Liu, Yan Gong, Mingsong Wang, Guangyu Ji, Peng Huang, Xiansong Wang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2023)

Diabetes mellitus, an epidemic with a rapidly increasing number of patients, always leads to delayed wound healing associated with consistent pro-inflammatory M1 polarization, decreased angiogenesis and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the microenvironment. Herein, a poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based microneedle patch loaded with magnesium hydride (MgH2) (MN-MgH2) is manufactured for defeating diabetic wounds. The application of microneedle patch contributes to the transdermal delivery and the prolonged release of MgH2 that can generate hydrogen (H2) and magnesium ions (Mg2+) after reaction with body fluids. The released H2 reduces the production of ROS, transforming the pathological microenvironment induced by diabetes mellitus. Meanwhile, the released Mg2+ promotes the polarization of pro-healing M2 macrophages. Consequently, cell proliferation and migration are improved, and angiogenesis and tissue regeneration are enhanced. Such intelligent microneedle patch provides a novel way for accelerating wound healing through steadily preserving and releasing of H2 and Mg2+ locally and sustainably.
18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in Evaluating Clear-Cell Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Murat Yilmaz Kiran, Duygu Has Simsek, Yasemin Sanli, Serkan Kuyumcu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

A 60-year-old woman diagnosed with clear cell endometrial carcinoma received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, the patient was inoperable and referred to our clinic to evaluate the extent of the disease. The patient underwent 18FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-FAPI (fibroblast activated protein inhibitor)-04 PET/CT scans. 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT outperformed 18FDG PET/CT demonstrating higher uptake in the metastatic lesions.
Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET Positivity in a Lung Mass
Authors: Sydney A. Caputo, Albert Jang, Joshua Talbert, Nakhle S. Saba, Oliver Sartor
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

An 84-year-old man with nonmetastatic castrate-sensitive prostate cancer was referred for a 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT scan with a prostate-specific antigen level of 3.6 ng/mL for restaging. He was 22 years post-radical prostatectomy and had salvage radiation being managed with intermittent hormonal therapy. Imaging revealed a right lower lobe mass with increased PSMA uptake (SUVmax 6.2). Biopsy and subsequent immunostaining determined the mass to be diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We report a case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma diagnosed in the setting of PSMA positivity, highlighting awareness for oncologists and radiologists to know this possibility.
68Ga-DOTATOC PET in Extracranial Hepatic and Bone Metastasis of Atypical Refractory Meningioma
Authors: Cherifa Fazila Ghomari, Laura Bender, Benoît Lhermitte, Georges Noël, Izzie Jacques Namer, Caroline Bund
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

A falcine meningioma was diagnosed in a 66-year-old woman and was treated by surgery and 2 times by radiotherapy during 9 years of follow-up with the diagnosis of atypical meningioma. Three months after the last radiotherapy, incidental liver lesions were detected on chest CT realized for suspected pneumonia. In view of the predisposing factors for meningioma metastases, 68Ga-DOTATOC hepatic and cerebral PET/MRI was performed and completed by total body PET/CT demonstrating a somatostatin receptor 2 overexpression of the multiple liver lesions and several bone lesions. Biopsies from the liver and iliac bone confirmed the metastatic origin of meningioma.
68Ga-DOTAGA-IAC PET/CT for Imaging Metastatic and Recurrent Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: Somit Pandey, Rama Walia, Rajender Kumar, Sejal Chopra, Nivedita Rana, Debajyoti Chatterjee, Stanley Satz, Bhagwant Rai Mittal, Jaya Shukla
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with a prevalence of 1 to 2 cases/million/year. The diagnosis depends upon endocrine workup followed by imaging with CT, MRI, and 18F-FDG PET/CT. The treatment includes surgical resection, debulking surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, patients do not respond well to any of the available therapies. We present noninvasive imaging of histopathology-proven ACC patients using 68Ga-DOTAGA-IAC PET/CT, specific for integrin αvβ3. 68Ga-DOTAGA-IAC PET/CT 45 minutes after IV injection showed a decent tumor-to-background ratio and could be used as a promising radiotracer for metastatic and recurrent ACC.
Phototheranostic Agents Based on Nonionic Heptamethine Cyanine for Realizing Synergistic Cancer Phototherapy
Authors: Tianguang Liu, Yanli Chen, Huizhe Wang, Mengyuan Cui, Jiaqi Zhang, Wancun Zhang, Peng Wang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Asymmetrical heptamethine cyanine with near-infrared (NIR) absorption is used for photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancer. Aiming to overcome the drawbacks caused by the high temperature of PTT, the development of asymmetrical heptamethine cyanine with photothermal and photodynamic properties is still an attractive strategy. Different from the traditional method of the heavy atom effect, in this work, the carboxyl or sulfonic groups are introduced into the indole ring or branch chain of asymmetrical heptamethine cyanine to afford a series of new phototherapy agents. After being encapsulated by DSPE-PEG2000 , BSS-Et NPs exhibit robust photostability, efficient reactive oxygen species generation (49%), and excellent photothermal conversion efficiency of about 37.6% under 808 nm laser irradiation. BSS-Et NPs possess passive tumor-targeting properties in vivo to not only visualize the tumor by NIR fluorescence imaging but also eliminate the tumor without any recurrence by photodynamic therapy and PTT synergistic therapy under laser irradiation. In addition, benefitting from the characteristics of organic small molecules, they can be metabolized quickly through the liver without inducing toxicity in the whole body. In general, this study provides a new direction for the development of multifunctional phototherapy agents for cancer treatment.
Comparative genomics and the roots of human behavior
Authors: Jennifer L. Cook, Gene E. Robinson
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2023)

<h2>Abstract</h2> Advances in genomics provide tools to test whether similar behaviors in distinct species have statistically similar brain transcriptomic signatures. Here, we (a genomicist and a cognitive neuroscientist) suggest that these techniques can help cognitive scientists tackle some of the most pressing questions about the roots of human behavior.
Corporate Investors in Primary Care — Profits, Progress, and Pitfalls
Authors: Soleil Shah, Hayden Rooke-Ley, Erin C. Fuse Brown
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

Recent multibillion-dollar acquisitions by Amazon and CVS reflect a trend toward corporate investment in primary care, which could threaten equitable access to care, raise costs, and reduce physicians' clinical autonomy.
Reply to Feng Qi, Zicheng Xu, and Qing Zou’s Letter to the Editor re: Andrea Loehr, Arif Hussain, Akash Patnaik, et al. Emergence of BRCA Reversion Mutations in Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer After Treatment with Rucaparib. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2022.09.010
Authors: Andrea Loehr, Simon Chowdhury, Wassim Abida
Journal: European Urology (2023)
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> causes aberrant epidermal lipid composition and skin barrier dysfunction
Authors: Jihyun Kim, Byung Eui Kim, Evgeny Berdyshev, Irina Bronova, Lianghua Bin, Jaewoong Bae, Seokjin Kim, Hye‐Young Kim, Un Ha Lee, Myoung Shin Kim, Hyunmi Kim, Jinyoung Lee, Clifton F. Hall, Jessica Hui‐Beckman, Yunhee Chang, Anna Sofia Bronoff, Dasom Hwang, Hae‐Young Lee, Elena Goleva, Kangmo Ahn, Donald Y. M. Leung
Journal: Allergy (2023)

Abstract Background Staphylococcus ( S ) aureus colonization is known to cause skin barrier disruption in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. However, it has not been studied how S . aureus induces aberrant epidermal lipid composition and skin barrier dysfunction. Methods Skin tape strips (STS) and swabs were obtained from 24 children with AD (6.0 ± 4.4 years) and 16 healthy children (7.0 ± 4.5 years). Lipidomic analysis of STS samples was performed by mass spectrometry. Skin levels of methicillin‐sensitive and methicillin‐resistant S . aureus (MSSA and MRSA) were evaluated. The effects of MSSA and MRSA were evaluated in primary human keratinocytes (HEKs) and organotypic skin cultures. Results AD and organotypic skin colonized with MRSA significantly increased the proportion of lipid species with nonhydroxy fatty acid sphingosine ceramide with palmitic acid ([N‐16:0 NS‐CER], sphingomyelins [16:0–18:0 SM]), and lysophosphatidylcholines [16:0–18:0 LPC], but significantly reduced the proportion of corresponding very long‐chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) species (C22–28) compared to the skin without S. aureus colonization. Significantly increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was found in MRSA‐colonized AD skin. S . aureus indirectly through interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐33 inhibited expression of fatty acid elongase enzymes (ELOVL3 and ELOVL4) in HEKs. ELOVL inhibition was more pronounced by MRSA and resulted in TEWL increase in organotypic skin. Conclusion Aberrant skin lipid profiles and barrier dysfunction are associated with S. aureus colonization in AD patients. These effects are attributed to the inhibition of ELOVLs by S. aureus ‐induced IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐33 seen in keratinocyte models and are more prominent in MRSA than MSSA.