tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ten Years of Operative Surgery in the Provinces
Authors: A. Prichard
Journal: BMJ (1860)

had been anticipated.Towards the upper part of the descend.ing colon, a very small ulcerated aperture, two lines in dia- meter, existed; but no fiecal matter had escaped, though flatus had passed abundantly, and had distended the peritoneal cavity, entirely obliterating any sign of local tumefaction before her death.A stricture existed in the rectum, within reach of the finger introduced through the anus; it consisted of a cir- cular firm belt, about half an inch broad.The mucous mem- brane, both above and below the stricture, was perfectly healthy.In the space occupied by the constricting band, it was much puckered, but otherwise was healthy.The coats of the intestine above the stricture were considerably hypertrophied.The mesorectum was thicker and firmer than ordinary, and contained some enlarged glands.The mesenteric glands and the other contents of the abdomen, as also the organs within the chest, were healthy.The stricture consisted of fibrous tissue, with a large number of very minute cells, the largest of which did not exceed the one-thousandth of an inch in diameter.With them were small globules and nuclei, and amorphous matter.CASE vii.A female, uged 45, was seen by Mr. Orford the day before her death.A stricture of the intestine was found in the sigmoid flexure of the colon; the intestine at the spot was bound tightly to the pelvis.An ulcerated opening existed at the strictured portion, tbrouah which some of the contents had escaped.The ceecum and the ascending colon were greatly distended; otherwise the intestines were healthy.There were the results of general peritonitis.The stricture had the appearance of a film string tied round the bowel.An ulcerated opening was discovered in the intestine, at its most constricted part.
Carcinogenicity and Metabolism of Aromatic Amines in the Dog&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: William B. Deichmann, Jack L. Radomski
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

To determine the identity of the active carcinogenic metabolite in the urine of dogs given aromatic amines, we compared the metabolism of 1-naphthylamine and 2-naphthylamine in this species and found some of the following differences. 1) While 2-naphthylamine is metabolized to a unique diester [di(2-amino-1-naphthyl)phosphate], 1-naphthylamine is metabolized to a monophosphate ester of 2-amino-1-naphthol. 2) While 2-naphthylamine is metabolized exclusively to ortho-hydroxy conjugates, 1-naphthylamine is largely metabolized to para-hydroxy conjugates. 3) While both amines are N-hydroxylated, 2-naphthylamine is further oxidized to 2-nitrosonaphthalene. This further N-oxidative step does not appear to occur with the more stable N-1-naphthylhydroxylamine. The highly carcinogenic 4-aminobiphenyl is also metabolized to both the N-hydroxy and nitroso compounds. Experience has shown that the female beagle dog is the most suitable animal for testing bladder carcinogenic compounds.
Global voices on HIV/AIDS
Authors: D. Logie
Journal: BMJ (2002)

# Unfairness of social and economic structures affect AIDS in Africa {#article-title-2} EDITOR—The fact that health is fragile and determined less by health services than by the relative fairness of social and economic structures was missing from the debate on global AIDS.1 Sub-Saharan Africa contains 10% of the world's population and bears 70% of the global burden of HIV/AIDS. It also exists on 1% of the global economy and, with the recent economic slump, this figure is falling. In January Zambia heard that the mining group AngloAmerican is pulling out of copper production (which accounts for 75% of the country's export earnings). The mines are likely to close in the next 10 months, putting 9500 miners and 1600 other workers out of work. These men will migrate in search of new work—one of the many social factors contributing to the epidemic. HIV has gained the biggest foothold in poor countries with rising unemployment and declining health and educational services. Over the past 20 years the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have conducted a massive social experiment in poor African countries. It is called structural adjustment and has encouraged privatisation of industry, such as Zambia's copper mines, increased unemployment, cut food subsidies, and introduced charges for health and education. The ideology of structural adjustment has recently been repackaged and renamed poverty reduction strategy and programmes with the intention of giving countries ownership of reducing poverty. But the basic macroeconomic programme is not for discussion. Africa urgently needs a realistic evaluation of the continuing effects of debt and neo-liberal economic prescriptions on the health of its people. It also needs increased aid. The Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria must be supported by new money: the United Kingdom's pledge of £75m ($108m; ![Graphic][1]</img>123m) is to be taken from money already earmarked for aid. The money must be used to boost … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Surgical Treatment of the Motor-Skeletal System
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Laparoscopic versus open mesh repair of inguinal hernia
Authors: M J Notaras, K. Rose, D. Wright, C. McCollum, A E Kark, M N Kurzer, P A Belsham, R S Taylor, A Naseef, E Brandt, S Jacob, A. Anyanwu, D. O'Riordan, D P Kernick, D. Reinhold, A G Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The PET Core Laboratory of the American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN) qualifies sites to participate in multicenter research trials by quantitatively reviewing submitted PET scans of uniform cylinders to verify the accuracy of scanner standardized uptake value (SUV) calibration and qualitatively reviewing clinical PET images from each site. To date, cylinder and patient data from 169 PET scanners have been reviewed, and 146 have been qualified. <b>Methods:</b> Each site is required to submit data from 1 uniform cylinder and 2 patient test cases. Submitted phantom data are analyzed by drawing a circular region of interest that encompasses approximately 90% of the diameter of the interior of the phantom and then recording the mean SUV and SD of each transverse slice. In addition, average SUVs are measured in the liver of submitted patient scans. These data illustrate variations of SUVs across PET scanners and across institutions, and comparison of results with values submitted by the site indicate the level of experience of PET camera operators in calculating SUVs. <b>Results:</b> Of 101 scanner applications for which detailed records of the qualification process were available, 12 (12%) failed because of incorrect SUV or normalization calibrations. For sites to pass, the average cylinder SUV is required to be 1.0 ± 0.1. The average SUVs for uniform cylinder images for the most common scanners evaluated—Siemens Biograph PET/CT (<i>n</i> = 43), GE Discovery LS PET/CT (<i>n</i> = 15), GE Discovery ST PET/CT (<i>n</i> = 34), Philips Allegro PET (<i>n</i> = 5), and Philips Gemini PET/CT (<i>n</i> = 11)—were 0.99, 1.01, 1.00, 0.98, and 0.95, respectively, and the average liver SUVs for submitted test cases were 2.34, 2.13, 2.27, 1.73, and 1.92, respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> Minimizing errors in SUV measurement is critical to achieving accurate quantification in clinical trials. The experience of the ACRIN PET Core Laboratory shows that many sites are unable to maintain accurate SUV calibrations without additional training or supervision. This raises concerns about using SUVs to quantify patient data without verification.
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty for the Treatment of Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Charles J. Tegtmeyer
Journal: JAMA (1981)

PHARMACOTHERAPY and surgical revascularization are the two treatment modalities widely available for the management of renovascular hypertension. Both methods of treatment are successfully used in the treatment of renovascular disease in selected patients, but neither method is ideal. A third method of treating renovascular disease, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), is presently undergoing extensive evaluation. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was developed originally for the treatment of atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease.<sup>1</sup>The development of the soft, flexible, doublelumen Grüntzig balloon catheter,<sup>2</sup>however, has allowed the procedure to be applied to the renal arteries. Renovascular hypertension caused by atherosclerotic narrowing of the renal arteries has been successfully treated.<sup>3,4</sup>Furthermore, the technique has been utilized successfully to treat patients with renovascular hypertension secondary to fibromuscular dysplasia.<sup>5-7</sup> The techniques, results, and versatility of PTA of renal arteries are described. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 24-year-old woman was admitted with a two-year
Fractures and Dislocations for Practitioners
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Medical Profession and Nuclear War
Authors: Barbara Day
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Since World War II, individual physicians and medical organizations in the United States have cooperated with the federal government in preparing for nuclear war. While most physicians have maintained a neutral stance, a minority have resisted federal policies. Health professionals participated actively at the wartime laboratories that developed the atomic bomb and in the medical research that followed Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Professional organizations helped with civil defense planning for nuclear conflict during the Cold War of the late 1950s and early 1960s. Medical resistance to nuclear war began in the same period, gained wide attention with the growth of Physicians for Social Responsibility in the early 1960s, declined during the Vietnam War, and vastly increased in the early 1980s. Activism by health professionals usually has responded to government policies that have increased the perceived risk of nuclear conflict. The recent return of civil defense planning has stimulated opposition in medical circles. Ambiguities of medical professionalism limit the scope of activism in the nuclear arena. These ambiguities concern the interplay of organized medicine and government, tensions between science and politics, and the difficulties of day-to-day work in medicine while the arms race continues. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:644-651)
Fetal Extracts and Leukocyte Migration Inhibition
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Journal Article Fetal Extracts and Leukocyte Migration Inhibition Get access Günter Pasternak Günter Pasternak Central Institute of Cancer ResearchDDR 1115 Berlin-Buch, German Democratic Republic Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 65, Issue 1, July 1980, Page 5, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/65.1.5 Published: 01 July 1980
Prevalence of atopic eczema in the community: the Lothian atopic dermatitis study
Authors: R.M. HERD, M.J. TIDMAN, R.J. PRESCOTT, J.A.A. HUNTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Summary An epidemiological study of atopic eczema (AE), based on a semirural community in Scotland, using sound diagnostic criteria, has yielded prevalence data for all age groups including infants and adults. The overall 1-year period prevalence, age-standardized to the Scottish population, was 2.3%. The 1-year period prevalence was highest in the under 2s(9.8%), and showed a continuous reduction with increasing age. Over the age of 40, AE was found to be relatively rare, with a 1-year period prevalence of 0.2%. Adults over 16 years made up 38% of all patients with AE.
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 6, 21 March 1990, Pages 457–459, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.6.457 Published: 21 March 1990
The Practicality of Renal Autotransplantation in Humans
Authors: Victor F. Marshall
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE transplantation of organs from one location to another within the same body, autotransplantation, has been a clinical possibility at least since 1908, the time of Carrel's classical work on vascular anastomoses.<sup>1</sup>The kidneys seem particularly attractive for autotransplantation because of their value and because the artery and vein are usually single and of good size. The principal clinical objective is, of course, the preservation of renal function; but autotransplantation has been carried out experimentally in animals for a variety of reasons.<sup>2,3</sup>Why renal autotransplantation has been so rarely attempted is not altogether clear, but lack of familiarity with the surgical technique has almost certainly been a major deterrent. One important benefit of experience in renal homotransplantation (between individuals of the same species), and heterotransplantation (between individuals of different species), is a familiarity with and a perfection of the surgical technique permitting autotransplantation (removal and planting in a
The Art of Self-Mutilation
Authors: Kenneth M. Halprin
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The skin lends itself particularly well to those bent on self-destruction. If is always available to the questing fingernail or to other instruments of injury. Although the psychological motivations which require such behavior cover the spectrum from simple habit patterns to severe underlying psychoses, the clinical manifestations of self-induced lesions are surprisingly uniform. "Neurotic excoriation," discussed in this communication, is the mildest form. In this condition and in "delusions of parasitosis" which will be discussed in part 2, the patient readily admits causing the lesions. Subsequently a third pattern ("factitial dermatitis") will be discussed, in which the patient denies all knowledge of the origin of the lesions. Neurotic excoriations are small, irregularly oval areas of superficial ulceration which heal with hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation, and scarring. The face, lateral aspects of the arm, thighs, and chest are readily accessible to the fingernails and are thus most conspicuously affected. More lesions are produced
Mammary Tumor Virus Activity in Blood and Mammary Tissues of C3H and BALB/c &lt;italic&gt;f&lt;/italic&gt;. C3H Strains of Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Nandi, Satyabrata, DeOme, Kenneth B., Handin, Marcia
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

Journal Article Mammary Tumor Virus Activity in Blood and Mammary Tissues of C3H and BALB/c f. C3H Strains of Mice Get access Satyabrata Nandi, Satyabrata Nandi Department of Zoology and its Cancer Research Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kenneth B. DeOme, Kenneth B. DeOme Department of Zoology and its Cancer Research Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marcia Handin Marcia Handin Department of Zoology and its Cancer Research Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 35, Issue 2, August 1965, Pages 309–318, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/35.2.309 Published: 01 August 1965 Article history Received: 15 October 1964 Published: 01 August 1965
Insurance Associated With AIDS Mortality Rates
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1993)

PATIENTS who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and depend on government-funded insurance for their health care experience higher mortality rates than patients with private insurance, suggests a recent study conducted at a major Southern California medical facility. The publicly insured patients had a median survival period of 868 days from the time they presented for diagnosis or treatment at the facility, whereas the privately insured survived for a median of 1012 days. When the researchers adjusted for changes in insurance over time and other variables, the effect was reduced but still statistically significant, says epidemiologist Sana Loue, JD, PhD, who is conducting research with colleagues in the academic sector. Loue and her colleagues—epidemiologists Steve Fullerton, MPH, and W. Christopher Mathews, MD, MSPH, both at University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine; Donald Slymen, PhD, a biostatistician at San Diego State University; and Hal Morgenstern, PhD, an
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Currently sentinel lymph node biopsy is the strongest prognosticator for cutaneous melanoma; however, two of every three patients who die from melanoma have a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy result, reflecting limitations of the procedure and the clinical significance of nonlymphatic spread of disease.Gerami and colleagues report the first of two clinical validation studies of a 31 gene expression profile test that accurately identifies over 85% of patients who eventually develop distant metastasis from cutaneous melanoma.In the current era of melanoma therapy advances, these patients can now be clinically upstaged for appropriate monitoring and early disease progression intervention.
AN EXAMPLE OF ATAVISTIC PHYSIOLOGY?
Authors: W. D. Snively
Journal: JAMA (1968)

If you restrict a man's diet to much less than 22 mEq (500 mg) of sodium, his excretion of the electrolyte almost ceases within a few days. But deprive him of potassium and he continues to pour out this mineral in urine and sweat, often more than 40 mEq (1,560 mg) a day in urine alone, until extracellular fluid and cells are depleted.<sup>1</sup> Most diets in the developed countries abound in meat, eggs, dairy products, and fish, and provide a daily intake of sodium often ranging from 20 to 200 times the requirement. These diets frequently lack generous amounts of potassium-rich fruits and vegetables; their potassium content further decreases because of the unwise custom of boiling vegetables and discarding the potassiumrich liquor. Excessive sodium aggravates or contributes to a cluster of ailments; so does lack of potassium. Clearly, the body manifests an inappropriate, even damaging, pattern of hoarding sodium
Using a Practice Guideline for Safely Shortening Hospital Stay for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Hemorrhage
Authors: Walter L. Peterson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Making optimal medical decisions within the constraints of a given health care system requires integrating knowledge, experience, compassion, and patient preferences with the best available clinical research. Evidence-based practice guidelines are an increasingly popular means of helping clinicians assimilate research results into practice. In this issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Hay and colleagues<sup>1</sup>describe a practice guideline developed to determine the time of discharge for patients admitted with acute, nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. In preparing this length-of-stay guideline, these investigators used observational studies from the literature and their own database to create and retrospectively validate a risk-stratification model incorporating 4 variables to predict the likelihood of further bleeding: findings at endoscopy, time elapsed from onset of bleeding, hemodynamics, and comorbidities.<sup>2</sup> See also p 2151. The goal of this and other practice guidelines is to influence some aspect of patient care through modification of clinician behavior. However, it has long
PERIARTERIAL SYMPATHECTOMY
Authors: G Miller, M Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal