tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Persistence of Emotional Distress in Unaccompanied Migrant Children and Adolescents Primarily From the Northern Triangle of Central America
Authors: Natan J. Vega Potler, Jessica Zhang, Barbara Hackley, Jaeun Choi, Xianhong Xie, Brenda Punsky, Lisa Pineda, Alan Shapiro
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

In the US, unaccompanied migrant children and adolescents (hereinafter referred to as children) are predominantly from Central America's Northern Triangle. While unaccompanied migrant children are at high risk for psychiatric sequelae due to complex traumatic exposures, longitudinal investigations of psychiatric distress after resettlement are lacking.To identify factors associated with emotional distress and longitudinal changes in emotional distress among unaccompanied migrant children in the US.For this retrospective cohort study, the 15-item Refugee Health Screener (RHS-15) was administered between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019, to unaccompanied migrant children as part of their medical care to detect emotional distress. Follow-up RHS-15 results were included if they were completed before February 29, 2020. Median follow-up interval was 203 days (IQR, 113-375 days). The study was conducted in a federally qualified health center that provides medical, mental health, and legal services. Unaccompanied migrant children who completed the initial RHS-15 were eligible for analysis. Data were analyzed from April 18, 2022, to April 23, 2023.Traumatic events before migration, during migration, during detention, and after resettlement in the US.Emotional distress, including symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, as indicated by the RHS-15 (ie, score ≥12 on items 1-14 or ≥5 on item 15).In total, 176 unaccompanied migrant children completed an initial RHS-15. They were primarily from Central America's Northern Triangle (153 [86.9%]), were mostly male (126 [71.6%]), and had a mean (SD) age of 16.9 (2.1) years. Of the 176 unaccompanied migrant children, 101 (57.4%) had screen results above the positive cutoff. Girls were more likely to have positive screen results than boys (odds ratio, 2.48 [95% CI, 1.15-5.34]; P = .02). Follow-up scores were available for 68 unaccompanied migrant children (38.6%). On the follow-up RHS-15, most scored above the positive cutoff (44 [64.7%]). Three-quarters of unaccompanied migrant children who scored above the positive cutoff initially continued to have positive scores at follow-up (30 of 40), and half of those with negative screen scores initially had positive scores at follow-up (14 of 28). Female vs male unaccompanied migrant children (unstandardized β = 5.14 [95% CI, 0.23-10.06]; P = .04) and initial total score (unstandardized β = 0.41 [95% CI, 0.18-0.64]; P = .001) were independently associated with increased follow-up RHS-15 total score.The findings suggest that unaccompanied migrant children are at high risk for emotional distress, including symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. The persistence of emotional distress suggests that unaccompanied migrant children would benefit from ongoing psychosocial and material support after resettlement.
Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Adults
Authors: Michael J. Barry, Wanda K. Nicholson, Michael Silverstein, David Chelmow, Tumaini Rucker Coker, Karina W. Davidson, Esa M. Davis, Katrina E. Donahue, Carlos Roberto Jaén, Li Li, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Lori Pbert, Goutham Rao, John M. Ruiz, James J. Stevermer, Joel Tsevat, Sandra Millon Underwood, John B. Wong
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Importance Major depressive disorder (MDD), a common mental disorder in the US, may have substantial impact on the lives of affected individuals. If left untreated, MDD can interfere with daily functioning and can also be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, exacerbation of comorbid conditions, or increased mortality. Objective The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate benefits and harms of screening, accuracy of screening, and benefits and harms of treatment of MDD and suicide risk in asymptomatic adults that would be applicable to primary care settings. Population Asymptomatic adults 19 years or older, including pregnant and postpartum persons. Older adults are defined as those 65 years or older. Evidence Assessment The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that screening for MDD in adults, including pregnant and postpartum persons and older adults, has a moderate net benefit. The USPSTF concludes that the evidence is insufficient on the benefit and harms of screening for suicide risk in adults, including pregnant and postpartum persons and older adults. Recommendation The USPSTF recommends screening for depression in the adult population, including pregnant and postpartum persons and older adults. (B recommendation) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for suicide risk in the adult population, including pregnant and postpartum persons and older adults. (I statement)
The New Era of Automated Electroencephalogram Interpretation
Authors: Jonathan K. Kleen, Elan L. Guterman
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
The Ancestral Shape of the Access Proton Path of Mitochondrial ATP Synthases Revealed by a Split Subunit-a
Authors: Jonathan E Wong, Alena Zíková, Ondřej Gahura
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2023)

Abstract The passage of protons across membranes through F1Fo-ATP synthases spins their rotors and drives the synthesis of ATP. While the principle of torque generation by proton transfer is known, the mechanisms and routes of proton access and release and their evolution are not fully understood. Here, we show that the entry site and path of protons in the lumenal half channel of mitochondrial ATP synthases are largely defined by a short N-terminal α-helix of subunit-a. In Trypanosoma brucei and other Euglenozoa, the α-helix is part of another polypeptide chain that is a product of subunit-a gene fragmentation. This α-helix and other elements forming the proton pathway are widely conserved across eukaryotes and in Alphaproteobacteria, the closest extant relatives of mitochondria, but not in other bacteria. The α-helix blocks one of two proton routes found in Escherichia coli, resulting in a single proton entry site in mitochondrial and alphaproteobacterial ATP synthases. Thus, the shape of the access half channel predates eukaryotes and originated in the lineage from which mitochondria evolved by endosymbiosis.
Rate-Adaptive Atrial Pacing for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction—Reply
Authors: Yogesh N. V. Reddy, Barry A. Borlaug
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Development of Duffy Null–Specific Absolute Neutrophil Count Reference Ranges
Authors: Lauren E. Merz, Miriam A. Osei, Charlotte M. Story, Revital Yefidoff Freedman, Robin Smeland-Wagman, Richard M. Kaufman, Maureen Okam Achebe
Journal: JAMA (2023)

This study establishes a Duffy null phenotype–specific absolute neutrophil count reference range to optimize care and improve health equity.
Automated Interpretation of Clinical Electroencephalograms Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Jesper Tveit, Harald Aurlien, Sergey Plis, Vince D. Calhoun, William O. Tatum, Donald L. Schomer, Vibeke Arntsen, Fieke Cox, Firas Fahoum, William B. Gallentine, Elena Gardella, Cecil D. Hahn, Aatif M. Husain, Sudha Kessler, Mustafa Aykut Kural, Fábio A. Nascimento, Hatice Tankisi, Line B. Ulvin, Richard Wennberg, Sándor Beniczky
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

Electroencephalograms (EEGs) are a fundamental evaluation in neurology but require special expertise unavailable in many regions of the world. Artificial intelligence (AI) has a potential for addressing these unmet needs. Previous AI models address only limited aspects of EEG interpretation such as distinguishing abnormal from normal or identifying epileptiform activity. A comprehensive, fully automated interpretation of routine EEG based on AI suitable for clinical practice is needed.
Risk of Bacteremia in Febrile Children and Young Adults With Sickle Cell Disease in a Multicenter Emergency Department Cohort
Authors: Stephen Rineer, Patrick S. Walsh, Luke R. Smart, Nusrat Harun, David Schnadower, Matthew J. Lipshaw
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Bacteremia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children and young adults with sickle cell disease (SCD), but among those presenting to the emergency department (ED) with fever, the absolute risk of, risk factors associated with, and outcomes of bacteremia are poorly defined. Objective To obtain contemporary data on the absolute risk of, risk factors associated with, and outcomes associated with bacteremia in children and young adults with SCD presenting to the ED with fever. Design, Setting, and Participants A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted of individuals with SCD younger than 22 years (young adults) presenting to EDs within the Pediatric Health Information Systems database from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2021, with fever (identified by diagnostic codes for fever or the collection of blood samples for cultures and intravenous antibiotic administration). Data analysis was performed from May 17 to December 15, 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures The risk of bacteremia (defined by diagnostic coding) was identified in these children and young adults, and univariate analyses and multivariable regression were used to examine patient-level factors and bacteremia. Results A total of 35 548 encounters representing 11 181 individual patients from 36 hospitals were evaluated. The median age of the cohort was 6.17 (IQR, 2.36-12.11) years and 52.9% were male. Bacteremia was present in 405 encounters (1.1%, 95% CI, 1.05%-1.26%). A history of bacteremia, osteomyelitis, stroke, central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), central venous catheter, or apheresis was associated with the diagnosis of bacteremia, while age, sex, hemoglobin SC genotype, and race and ethnicity were not. In the multivariable analysis, individuals with a history of bacteremia (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.01-1.83), CLABSI (OR, 6.39; 95% CI, 3.02-13.52), and apheresis (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.22-2.55) had higher odds of bacteremia. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this large cohort study suggest that bacteremia in children and young adults with SCD presenting with fever is rare. A history of invasive bacterial infection, CLABSI, or a central line appears to be associated with bacteremia, while age and SCD genotype are not.
Comparison of Medical and Mental Health Sequelae Following Hospitalization for COVID-19, Influenza, and Sepsis
Authors: Kieran L. Quinn, Thérèse A. Stukel, Anjie Huang, Husam Abdel-Qadir, Azmina Altaf, Chaim M. Bell, Angela M. Cheung, Allan S. Detsky, Susie Goulding, Margaret Herridge, Noah Ivers, Lauren Lapointe-Shaw, John Lapp, Candace D. McNaughton, Afsaneh Raissi, Laura C. Rosella, Nahrain Warda, Fahad Razak, Amol A. Verma
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

People who survive hospitalization for COVID-19 are at risk for developing new cardiovascular, neurological, mental health, and inflammatory autoimmune conditions. It is unclear how posthospitalization risks for COVID-19 compare with those for other serious infectious illnesses.
Screening for Anxiety Disorders in Adults
Authors: Michael J. Barry, Wanda K. Nicholson, Michael Silverstein, Tumaini Rucker Coker, Karina W. Davidson, Esa M. Davis, Katrina E. Donahue, Carlos Roberto Jaén, Li Li, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Lori Pbert, Goutham Rao, John M. Ruiz, James Stevermer, Joel Tsevat, Sandra Millon Underwood, John B. Wong
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Anxiety disorders are commonly occurring mental health conditions. They are often unrecognized in primary care settings and substantial delays in treatment initiation occur. The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the benefits and harms of screening for anxiety disorders in asymptomatic adults. Asymptomatic adults 19 years or older, including pregnant and postpartum persons. Older adults are defined as those 65 years or older. The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that screening for anxiety disorders in adults, including pregnant and postpartum persons, has a moderate net benefit. The USPSTF concludes that the evidence is insufficient on screening for anxiety disorders in older adults. The USPSTF recommends screening for anxiety disorders in adults, including pregnant and postpartum persons. (B recommendation) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for anxiety disorders in older adults. (I statement).
Rate-Adaptive Atrial Pacing for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Stephan Mueller, Isabel Fegers-Wustrow, Martin Halle
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Promising results for treatment of severe chronic hand eczema with dupilumab
Authors: Richard Brans
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Journal Article Corrected proof Promising results for treatment of severe chronic hand eczema with dupilumab Get access Richard Brans Richard Brans Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at Osnabrück UniversityDepartment of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany Correspondence: Richard Brans. Email: rbrans@uos.de https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1245-024X Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, ljad199, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljad199 Published: 20 June 2023 Article history Received: 03 June 2023 Accepted: 06 June 2023 Published: 20 June 2023 Corrected and typeset: 19 July 2023
Revisiting the Analogy Between Clinical Trials and Diagnostic Tests by Interpreting a Negative Trial as a Negative Test for Efficacy
Authors: Roger J. Lewis, Kert Viele
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Promoting the Use of Modern Communication Tools to Increase Vaccine Uptake in Pregnancy
Authors: Stefania Triunfo, Anna Maria Marconi
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Efficacy and Safety of <i>Panax notoginseng</i> Saponins in the Treatment of Adults With Ischemic Stroke in China
Authors: Longfei Wu, Haiqing Song, Chi Zhang, Anxin Wang, Bowei Zhang, Chiyu Xiong, Xianbo Zhuang, Yingzhuo Zang, Chenghao Li, Qi Fang, Chuanqiang Qu, Lihua Wang, Mei Zhang, Hao Li, Xiaoli Wang, Yanan Li, Lei Xia, Zhigang Yao, Zhi Nie, Ying Gao, Xunming Ji
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Preclinical and clinical studies have suggested the neuroprotective effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (Xuesaitong soft capsules). However, robust evidence in patients with ischemic stroke is lacking. Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of Xuesaitong soft capsules in patients with ischemic stroke. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted at 67 tertiary health centers in China from July 1, 2018, to June 30, 2020. Included patients were aged 18 to 75 years with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke and a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score between 4 and 15. Interventions Eligible patients were randomly assigned within 14 days after symptom onset to receive either treatment with Xuesaitong soft capsules (120 mg orally twice daily) or placebo (120 mg orally twice daily) for 3 months. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was functional independence at 3 months, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2. Results Among 3072 eligible patients with ischemic stroke who were randomized, 2966 (96.5%) were included in the modified intention-to-treat cohort (median [IQR] age, 62 [55-68] years; 1982 male [66.8%]). The number of patients who achieved functional independence at 3 months was 1328 (89.3%) in the Xuesaitong group and 1218 (82.4%) in the control group (odds ratio, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.56-2.44; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). In the safety cohort, serious adverse events occurred in 15 of 1488 patients (1.0%) in the Xuesaitong group and 16 of 1482 (1.1%) in the control group ( P = .85). Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial, Xuesaitong soft capsules significantly increased the likelihood of functional independence at 3 months in patients with ischemic stroke, indicating that this may be a safe and effective alternative therapy to improve prognosis in this population. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR1800016363