tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
QALYs: Their Ethical Implications
Authors: David A. Danford
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Special Communication by La Puma and Lawlor<sup>1</sup>attempts to discredit the use of the quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) as a quantitative method of outcome assessment in medicine. At the crux of their arguments is the issue of control of medical practice through allocation of scarce resources, and how the QALY might be applied by forces outside the physician/ patient dyad to restrict access to care. The article conjures a vision of an army of cost-effectiveness analysts, perhaps based in government and the insurance industry, whose primary interest is cost-containment and the development of policies to achieve it. This perceived army is poised to apply its new weapon, the QALY (the weaknesses of which they don't understand or choose to ignore), to wrest the control of medical practice from those most directly involved, the patient and the physician. For this, the authors indict the QALY as problematic, speculative,
Evaluation of Stimulation and Suppression Tests in the Etiological Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: EDWARD R. WEISS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

An evaluation of dexamethasone suppression, metyrapone and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulation, plasma radioimmunoassayable ACTH, and retrograde adrenal venography in the differential diagnosis of the causes of Cushing's syndrome is presented in 26 patients studied at the Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center. Dexamethasone was confirmed as a reliable indicator of adrenal hyperplasia in that all but 1 of the 17 patients with this pathology showed the expected suppression of urinary 17-ketogenic steroids to less than 50% of control values. All seven patients with adrenal adenoma responded to ACTH. In contrast to the patients with adrenal hyperplasia, these patients did not respond to metyrapone stimulation. Metyrapone appeared to be a very helpful diagnostic aid in general and in these cases where confirmation of dexamethasone suppression was required. Plasma ACTH as measured by radioimmunoassay may be a reliable indicator of the underlying pathology. Adrenal venography in conjunction with simultaneous measurement of the adrenal venous effluent content of 17-hydroxycorticoids may because of its simplicity supplant the above techniques in the final diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome.
Human Foamy Virus and Familial Mediterranean Fever in Japan
Authors: Naoaki Tamura, Shiro Kira
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We report herein evidence of human foamy virus (HFV) infection in patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) in Japan. Although HFV was the first identified human retrovirus, no definite relationship to a specific disease has been reported to date. Therefore, HFV has been characterized as "a virus in search of a disease." Human foamy virus protein is recognized to act as a superantigen, and HFV transgenic mice develop neurological abnormalities.<sup>1</sup>Thus, we hypothesized that HFV might be one of the putative pathogens for sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or other pulmonary diseases, and surveyed for HFV gene elements in the genomic DNA of peripheral blood leukocytes or mRNA of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells of 320 patients with various lung diseases including sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Among them were three cases of FMF. The presence of HFV gene elements in genomic
Clinical Treatises on the Pathology and Therapy of Disorders of Metabolism and Nutrition.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Failing Heart of Middle Life: The Myocardosis Syndrome, Coronary Thrombosis, and Angina Pectoris, With a Section Upon the Medico-Legal Aspects of Sudden Death from Heart Disease.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inactivated Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Vaccine
Authors: Charles B. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The protective effect of an experimental, inactivated<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>vaccine was evaluated by first injecting volunteers with vaccine and then infecting them with the organism. The vaccine induced the development of growth-inhibiting antibody in ten of 19 volunteers who initially lacked this antibody. Following experimental challenge with<i>M pneumoniae,</i>only one of these ten men who responded to the vaccine became ill, whereas, respiratory tract disease developed in seven of nine men who failed to respond to the vaccine and in ten of 13 volunteers in the control group who lacked the antibody. The most severe clinical illnesses developed in the men who failed to respond to the vaccine. These findings suggest that the vaccine had a protective effect in those men who developed antibody, while those who failed to develop antibody may have been sensitized.
AASLD Abstracts 895-1142
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is considered as a major risk factor for the progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).The serum HBV-DNA level has been shown to be correlated with progression of the disease.The aim of the present study is to determine the relationship between the level of HBV-DNA and hepatocarcinogenesis in cirrhotic patients with chronic HBV infection.METHOD: A total of 394 patients were diagnosed as HBV-associated cirrhosis between 1991 and 2006 in our hospital.Subjects were consecutively enrolled in the current cohort who fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: 1) no evidence of HCC; 2) no evidence of hepatitis C virus coinfection; and 3) diagnosis of cirrhosis by biopsy and/or laparoscopy.In consequence, a total of 203 patients were recruited for this study.The proportion of genotype C was 95% (194 of 203).The significance of age, sex, habitual drinking, serum alanine aminotransferase level, HBV viral load, nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NARTI) therapy, platelet count, pre-core mutation and core promoter mutation were examined for the development of HCC using Cox regression analyses.RESULT: The cumulative incidence rates of HCC were 13% at the 5th year and 32% at the 10th year.Multivariate analysis identified high viral load (=>5 log copy/ml, relative risk 2.97), together with age (=> 50 years, relative risk 2.44) and platelet count (<100,000 /µl, relative risk 3.16), as independent and significant risk factors (P = 0.0194, 0.0064 and 0.0003, respectively) for HCC.Among the 148 patients with high viral load (=>5 log copy/ml), the cumulative HCC incidence rates of the 51 patients who underwent NARTI therapy were 8% at the 5th year, whereas non-therapy patients were 26%.Hepatocellular carcinogenesis rate of patients who underwent NARTI therapy was significantly lower than non-therapy patients (P = 0.0157).On multivariate analysis, the NARTI therapy was found to be an independent predicting factor for lower hepatocellular carcinogenesis among patients with high viral load (P = 0.0027; relative risk 0.26).CONCLUSION: The present findings indicate that high viral load is a risk factor for HCC in patient with HBV-associated cirrhosis.NARTI therapy effectively reduces the incidence of HCC in HBV-associated cirrhotic patients with high viral load.
Landmarks and Surface Markings of the Human Body.
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Anemia Related to Age
Authors: Howard A. Pearson
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Hematocrit determinations were performed on 3,016 children in a community with homogeneous socioeconomic and racial characteristics. Striking differences in the occurrence of anemia were found in the age groups studied. Anemia was frequent (14.8%) in infancy, but by preadolescence had declined to 2.6%. However, subsequent compensatory ability was marginal, for after puberty and during pregnancy anemia recurred with considerable frequency. Nearly 25% of pregnant teen-age girls were anemic. Surveys designed to detect nutritional anemia should include the infant and the teen-age girl. Study of only preschool and prepubertal age groups will underestimate the prevalence of nutritional anemia.
The Semi-Sitting Position for Pelvic Examination
Authors: W. H. Swartz
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Textbooks in obstetrics and gynecology routinely advocate the supine lithotomy position for pelvic examination. A study was designed to examine the degree to which the semi-sitting position (Figure) might influence relaxation of the abdominal muscles—and, therefore, the ease of palpation of the pelvic organs—and the degree of patient comfort during pelvic examination. The study was conducted at the Outpatient Clinics of the Universityof California, San Diego Medical Center. Eight examiners, four male, four female, with little or no prior experience with the semi-sitting position for pelvic examination, participated in the study. All patients to have a pelvic examination by one of the eight examiners had the bimanual portion of the pelvic examination performed in both the supine and the semisitting positions. Patients were randomized as to whether the supine or the semi-sitting examination was performed first,
Immunosuppression in renal transplantation
Authors: G Morris-Stiff, A Khan, I Quiroga, R Baboo, W A Jurewicz, P. A Andrews, A. J Krentz, G. Knoll, R. Bell
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Effects of drug overdose in television drama on presentations for self poisoning Antifreeze poisonings give more insight into copycat behaviourEditor-Hawton et al highlight the effect of the media on influencing the incidence of deliberate self poisoning. 1However, they and other authors suggest that the changes noted are the result of spontaneous variation in the patterns of particular overdoses rather than a direct effect of the specific televised incident. 2 3One of the limitations of previous studies has been that the investigators have monitored the total numbers of deliberate self poisoning and, specifically, paracetamol overdoses, which are comparatively common.A clearer picture emerges for agents used less commonly for deliberate self harm, such as antifreeze, which commonly contains ethylene glycol or methanol.The figure shows the numbers of intentional and accidental cases of poisoning by ethylene glycol reported to the National Poisons Information Service (London) during two specific months and, for comparison, from January 1996 to January 1997.In April 1995 the Independent reported an inquest into an antifreeze poisoning, 4 which subsequently received further media coverage.On 15 February 1997 an episode of the BBC television drama Casualty depicted an incident of self harm with ingestion of antifreeze.The mean number of intentional antifreeze poisonings for 1996 was 2.0 per month (range 1-3 per month).Moreover, the mean number of cases reported during 1995 and 1997, excluding the incident months, was 1.9 and 1.8 respectively.For April 1995 and February 1997 the number of reported cases was 9 and 6-a significant increase (P = 0.016).Interestingly, all the cases of intentional ingestion of antifreeze during April 1995 and February 1997 occurred after the announcements in the media.Furthermore, in one specific case not only the agent but also the manner in which the antifreeze was taken (mixed with lemonade and drunk in a field) was identical with that reported.These data further support the concept that media portrayal of self poisoning influences subsequent self harm behaviour.
American Pocket Medical Dictionary: Containing the Pronunciation and Definition of All the Principal Terms Used in Medicine, Surgery, Dentistry, Veterinary Medicine, Nursing, and Kindred Sciences With Over 60 Extensive Tables
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sequelae of Breast Irradiation
Authors: Roberto Lipsztein
Journal: JAMA (1985)

IONIZING radiation is one of many mutagenic and carcinogenic agents encountered in the environment. The fact that radiotherapy and chemotherapy can both cause and cure cancer is a fascinating paradox of modern therapeutics and one that must be constantly considered when evaluating the risks and benefits of cancer therapy. Because absolute safety is rarely a reasonable goal, the physician's responsibility is to determine tolerable levels of risk. Lumpectomy and radiotherapy are becoming an increasingly accepted alternative to the traditional modified radical mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer. The results to date, both in terms of overall survival and cosmetic appearance, are encouraging.<sup>1</sup>Radiation treatments are facilitated and normal tissue tolerance preserved by resection of gross tumor mass. Breast reconstruction permits the resection of lesions up to 4 cm in size without marked cosmetic deformity. All therapeutic decisions involve risks and benefits. The clinical spectrum of the effects of
Formation of Lung Colonies by Polyoma-Transformed Rat Embryo Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Williams, J. F., Till, J. E.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1966)

Journal Article Formation of Lung Colonies by Polyoma-Transformed Rat Embryo Cells Get access J. F. Williams, J. F. Williams Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and The Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. E. Till J. E. Till Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and The Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 37, Issue 2, August 1966, Pages 177–184, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/37.2.177 Published: 01 August 1966 Article history Received: 05 January 1966 Published: 01 August 1966
American Heart Association.
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Echocardiographic examination, performed in a 12-year-old boy who had signs of mitral regurgitation, showed the presence of an abnormal mass of echoes in the left atrium and mitral orifice.These were initially interpreted as representing an atrial myxoma.Surgical exploration showed that the tumor originated from the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve, and, microscopically, the lesion was diagnosed as a fibrolipoma.The clinical and echocardiographic features of this unique type of cardiac tumor are discussed.
Modification of Pancreatic Carcinogenesis in the Hamster Model. XV. Preventive Effect of Nicotinamide&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The induction of pancreatic ductal-ductular adenomas (P=.05) and carcinomas (P<.0001) by N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine [(BOP) CAS: 60599-38-4; 2,2′-dioxo-N-nitrosodipropylamine] in Syrian golden hamsters was inhibited by nicotinamide (NA) (350 mg/kg body wt, ip) administered 10 minutes before and 3 hours after a single dose of BOP (10 mg/kg body wt, sc). The anticancer effect of NA and its relatively low toxicity in humans may provide a new lead in human cancer prevention.
On Being a Physician: Choices, Sacrifice, and Balance
Authors: Edward J. Volpintesta
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Handbuch der pathogenen Mikroorganismen.
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Management of Musculo-skeletal Problems in the Haemophilias
Authors: Robert T. Breckenridge
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This monograph is the latest in a series from the Oxford group regarding the care of patients with hemophilia. In this work the authors describe their experience with musculoskeletal hemorrhage during the years 1966 through 1969 and they speak with authority, since 2,087 separate episodes of muscular or joint hemorrhage were observed. This book is an excellent summary of that experience. The book begins with a chapter on the physiology of hemostasis, followed by a section concerned with the principles of replacement therapy—a chapter both excellent and current. The major portion of the work begins with a description of acute muscular and skeletal hemorrhage, followed by a discussion of peripheral nerve lesions, and concludes with the management of fractures in the hemophilic patient. The final two chapters deal with reconstructive surgery and physiotherapy in the hemophiliac. I personally found best the section that dealt with hemophilic cysts, pseudotumors, and the