PB2601: BLOOD POLLUTION IN THE AGE OF NANO
Authors: Marco Rolli
Journal: HemaSphere (2023)

Topic: 31. Transfusion medicine Background: It is a well known problem that pollution is involved in the pathogenesis of health problem and the increase of the environment pollution is directly associated with an increased incidence of different illness. In the ’50 of the last century in the coal-powered city of London, the Great London Smog, a cloud of fog permanent for 5 days in a sky never cleared, was responsible of 12.000 dies and 150.000 hospitalization(1). By this way a lot of has been done in the meantime in order to reduce the environment pollution high “green” standard has been achieved. But if we see in the next future, we can easily imagine that, coherent with the increasing of the limit of detection of the current methodologies we are going to be in touch with the problem of the nano pollution (NP) as some authors start to report that all available studies found harmful effect of long exposure to PM2.5 to the hematopoietic system. (2). Inhalation, dermal exposure and ingestion are potential exposure pathways of nano particles, in particular ingestion of contaminated food and water is probably the primary site for the uptake of NP (3). In the literature are reported in recent years the presence of nanoparticles are strong correlated to different kind of disease, Artoni et al reported the high incidence of Mixed cryoglobilinemia in worker with silica exposure and the presence in 27/30 of NP in blood sample compared to matched control (4). Similar founding were reported for systemic sclerosis patient (5) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (6). Aims: As a Transfusion specialist we collect blood from apheresis by donor and we manipulate it in order to obtain a high standar quality and high valuable blood components and to achive this we have guidelines, GPGs and other raccomandation, but in none of these is present any reference to the problem of nano pollution. It could be raccomended to implement the knowledge in the field of nano paricles in order to improve the safety of blood component. Methods: Is mandatory to create a working group to built up a corpus of data from the scientific literature in order to make the first stone in the road of nano pollution writing a document. Finally the international scientific community should be invited to get in touch with it and it should be encouraged the discussion and the dialogue between physician Results: Since the recent years the literature of the environmental nano pollution and the consequent interaction with the human body is growing slowly, but at the 07/07/2022 Pub Med report 5706 result with the query “Nano pollution”, most of them written from the 2010. In 2022 has been published 2 paper that force us to take into account the importance of the problem of nano pollution under the “egida” of transfusion medicine. The first is Weber et al that discovered that in vitro monocytes and dendritic cell exposed to NP of different shape and polymer can provoke a cascade of cytokines with higher magnitude from irregular shape compared to spherical (7). The second, and most remarkable, is Heather et al that discovered the presence of polymeric component of plastic in the blood of healthy volunteers, this study demonstrate that plastic particles are bioavailable for uptake into bloodstream (8). Summary/Conclusion: Since the knowledge about nano pollution and the interaction with human body are scanty, it is very much required to better understand the mechanisms involved in the entry and assimilation in human tissue and their role in human health. It is necessary to implement appropriate scientific methods with higher efficiency to assess the toxicokinetics and toxicity, it is also need to develop research on analytical methods to efficiently quantify and standardize monitoring methods. Keywords: Blood transfusion, Nanoparticle