tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Twentieth Century Practice.
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Allied Health Student as a Hospital Employee
Authors: Mary Rosarii
Journal: JAMA (1970)

There is little doubt that there is a health care crisis in the United States today. Not only increasing demands for services, but rising costs and manpower shortages have created a situation of nearly catastrophic proportions. The health professionals are now being forced to make major decisions as to the most efficient way to reach the growing population. The last decade has brought sweeping changes in the American way of life. The potential benefits to society from new technologies and more scientific advances in health care practices have changed the status of health care from that of luxury to absolute necessity. In recent years, great controversy has arisen over the place of the allied health student as a worker. In researching the literature, it became abundantly clear that few health professionals dared to assume a position contrary to that of their own specific health profession. The fact of change is
Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia
Authors: Richard B. Wilber
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recently, Rao et al (238:2301, 1977) reported an unusual and interesting case of<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia occurring in a previously healthy American-born infant without evidence of immune deficiency. I wish to comment on two aspects of this report. While the immune system of this patient was evaluated, little was said about the infant's nutritional status. In fact, it was stated that the globin level on admission was 8.5 g/dl. At the age of 7 months, the lower limit for the normal hemoglobin level is 10.5 g/dl.<sup>1,2</sup>Ruling out other causes for anemia, hemoglobin values lower than 10.5 g/dl are presumptive evidence of inadequate nutrition with iron, if not undernutrition in general. Also, there is no mention in the report of the patient's weight for age-percentile rank, or of his serum albumin levels. Hughes et al<sup>3</sup>showed undernutrition to be a host determinant for<i>P carinii</i>
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

DDX3 Helicase and Lung CancerThe ATP-dependent RNA helicase, DDX3 (DDX3X), regulates RNA metabolism and is overexpressed and mutated in cancer.Bol and colleagues confirmed high levels of DDX3 expression in lung cancer patients with aggressive disease.Using rational drug design, they generated RK-33, a small molecular inhibitor that blocked ATP binding.This novel tricyclic 5:7:5-fused diimidazodiazepine ring inhibited RNA duplex unwinding mediated by the yeast DDX3 homolog Ded1p.RK-33 blocked growth of lung cancer cell lines in a DDX3-specific manner, and in combination with radiotherapy.These results were confirmed in vivo in Ras G12D /Twist1-driven and A549 orthotopic xenograft mouse models for lung cancer using RK-33 with fractionated radiotherapy.Finally, in lung cancer cell lines, RK-33 downregulated components of nonhomologous end joining DNA repair, suggesting a mechanism of radiosensitization.(Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.)
Особливості стану капілярної мережі слизової оболонки шлунка у хворих з портальною гіпертензією
Authors: Yu.A. Gaidar, N.Yu. Oshmyanska, O.V. Simonova
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2013)

Метою роботи було дослідження процесу ангіогенезу у слизовій оболонці шлунка при розвитку портальної гіпертензії в 73 хворих на хронічні дифузні захворювання печінки. Збільшення середнього діаметра капілярів є найбільш помітним в антральному відділі шлунка хворих із хронічним криптогенним цирозом: ця цифра майже у два рази більша, ніж у хворих із цирозом іншої етіології. Найбільш вірогідна частота виявлення значної дилатації капілярної сітки спостерігалася в антральному відділі хворих на цироз печінки, асоційований із вірусом С, що обумовлює найбільший ризик хронічної крововтрати у хворих цієї клінічної групи. У середньому ознаки дилатації в антральному відділі менш виражені, ніж у фундальному, але у хворих на первинний біліарний цироз ця різниця майже непомітна, а ознаки проліферації вірогідно частіше зустрічалися в антральному відділі, ніж у фундальному.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

This phase Ib study provides information on a potential new treatment with MEK and PI3K inhibitors for epithelial low-grade ovarian cancer. The combination of oral pan-PI3K inhibitor buparlisib and MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib has a MTD of buparlisib 70 mg and trametinib 1.5 mg daily and a RP2D of buparlisib 60 mg and trametinib 1.5 mg daily in patients with mutant BRAF/RAS solid tumors. Predominant toxicities of the combination were gastrointestinal and dermatological, requiring frequent dose interruption and/or dose modification. This oral combination demonstrated promising antitumor efficacy (29% confirmed ORR) in KRAS mutant low-grade ovarian cancer.Preclinical evidence suggests the benefit of double-strand break-inducing chemotherapy in BRCA1 deficient cancer cells. BRCA1-like classification was tested to predict for benefit of tandem ifosfamide, epirubicin, and carboplatin in high-risk breast cancer patients. Patients with a BRCA1-like tumor had a five-fold reduction in recurrences or death. Patients with a defect in DNA repair through BRCA1 inactivation, identified by BRCA1-like classification, benefit from the investigated regimen. This can be further investigated using the same biomarker-treatment combination, which is available right now, or exchanging for an alternative biomarker or treatment that would improve, respectively, identification or treatment of relevant patients.Positive Surgical Margin (PSM) is a major concern of radical prostatectomy. If the cancer can be visualized in real time during surgery, PSM can be minimized or eliminated. Neuman and colleagues designed and fabricated an optimized light source/camera combination for use with a small molecule that fluoresce in the near-infrared range. They demonstrate reduction of PSM in a mouse model and the utility of this combination in a large animal laparoscopic surgical model. This system has the potential to be implemented in contemporary prostate cancer surgery without affecting the common surgical pathway, help detect residual disease, and minimize or eliminate PSM.CD70 is strongly expressed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Ruf and colleagues performed comprehensive in situ and functional in vitro assays to elucidate the mechanism of CD70′s upregulation in ccRCC. They demonstrated that CD70 expression is driven by HIF as a consequence of pVHL loss of function. Furthermore, CD70-expressing ccRCC and the presence of CD27+ T cells in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes correlated with worse patient outcome. CD70-mediated release of sCD27 in vitro may explain the increased sCD27 concentrations in sera of patients with CD70-expressing tumors and suggest sCD27 as a putative serum marker for CD70-positive ccRCC patients.
Personal Child Health Record and Advice Booklet Programme in Tuzla, Bosnia Herzegovina
Authors: P McMaster, H J McMaster, D P Southall
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1996)

Personal child health records, held by the parents, have potential advantages in times of civil disorder. Via health and community workers, 939 booklets (incorporating health records and health advice) were distributed to displaced and other families near Tuzla. Subsequently mothers were invited to bring their children for examination. Five hundred and seventy-one children with their booklets returned to the clinics. The survey revealed high rates of dental caries (305 cases), anaemia (36), and scabies (20). The war had not affected the duration of breast feeding, and the children's nutrition was generally satisfactory. Immunization status was generally good, though rates were unacceptably low in children from certain areas, reflecting not only deficient provision in their place of origin but also failings in the programme for displaced persons. An informal survey indicated that parents and older children appreciated the health-information content of the booklet. In a disaster of this sort, the personal child health record and advice booklet serves the combined purpose of yielding essential epidemiological data, providing a permanent health record, and meeting a need for health education material.
Smoking Cessation and Risk of Stroke in Women
Authors: Lawrence Z. Feigenbaum
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The recent article by Kawachi et al<sup>1</sup>on smoking cessation and decreased risk of stroke in women was both extremely interesting and helpful. It would be of great interest to know if their data included an analysis of the effect, if any, on the decline in risk of stroke, based on the age when smoking was discontinued. The answer to this question would be of great value in answering the question frequently posed by elderly patients as to whether it is of any benefit to them to stop smoking at their age. We believe that cessation at any age continues to be of value, but it would be helpful if we had more data. Does the Nurses' Health Study have such data?
DISTRIBUTION OF THE MICROCOCCACEAE*
Authors: W. C. NOBLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article DISTRIBUTION OF THE MICROCOCCACEAE Get access W. C. NOBLE W. C. NOBLE Department of Bacteriology, St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London W. C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue s1, 1 January 1969, Pages 27–32, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb12830.x Published: 01 January 1969
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

The value of neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NHT) before radical prostatectomy, for the treatment of early-stage prostate cancer, is not clear. Here, Sorrentino and colleagues found that NHT boosted IL-7 and IFNγ-inducible protein (IP)-10/CXCL10 expression in the prostate and promoted cytotoxic-effector T cell influx. However, NHT also induced thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)/CCL17 production in the prostate and draining lymph nodes and increased their Foxp3+CD25+CD127- T regulatory cell content. The concomitant recruitment of cytotoxic-effector and regulatory cells left their intratumoral balance unchanged and did not improve disease-free survival. These findings may help guide treatment decision-making in prostate cancer.The last decade has seen exciting progress in multiple myeloma research, leading to changes in treatment paradigms for the disease. In this issue of CCR Focus, guest editor Kenneth Anderson discusses some of the recent advances in myeloma research and also addresses challenges in translating this progress into better patient care. Topics covered include the underlying molecular biology of multiple myeloma; premalignant forms of the disease and potential prevention strategies; complexities in selecting upfront therapies; myeloma drugs in the pipeline and suggestions for combination therapies; improving the personalization of treatment; and progress in treating bone-related complications.Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins highly upregulated in gliomas. These proteins form large complexes that facilitate tumor growth while limiting the local diffusion of therapeutic agents. In this issue, Dmitrieva and colleagues found that digestion of chondroitin sulfate by bacterial chondroitinase enhanced distribution and spread of oncolytic viruses within the tumor. Furthermore, they showed that an oncolytic virus armed with bacterial chondroitinase had enhanced spread and therapeutic efficacy against gliomas, without increasing tumor invasion or migration. This approach against the tumor microenvironment shows promise as a therapeutic strategy for glioma.Ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCC) are a drug-resistant and aggressive type of epithelial ovarian cancer. In this issue, Tan and colleagues revealed that OCCCs are heterogeneous at the genomic level by performing highresolution microarray-based comparative genomic hybridisation. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis identified two distinct clusters of OCCCs with distinct clinical outcomes, independent of their histologic features. Multivariate analysis showed that suboptimal debulking surgery and genomic cluster were independent predictors of progression-free survival. These findings provide evidence that OCCCs are genomically heterogeneous despite having similar histologic features and that this genomic heterogeneity is clinically significant.
Oxygen for Cluster Headaches
Authors: Jerold F. Janks
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Why is there never any mention of oxygen as a highly successful therapeutic approach for the treatment of cluster headaches? I have been a victim of cluster headaches for the past 12 years. Cluster headaches are characterized by excruciating, unilateral head pain that can involve the eye, ear, and neck. There is ipsilateral lacrimation and rhinorrhea. As the name indicates, the headache occurs in clusters that last eight to 12 weeks. Onset is without warning and frequently awakens the victim from a deep sleep. Duration can range from a half hour to three hours. The remarkable feature of cluster headaches is the rigid regularity of its attack. The pain is relentless, boring, and totally incapacitating. Unlike other headaches, cluster headaches do not allow the sufferer to seek relief by lying down. The patient with a cluster headache has to keep in motion as if in an attempt
Changes in Lymphoreticular Tissues During Growth of a Murine Adenocarcinoma. I. Histology and Weight of Lymph Nodes, Spleen, and Thymus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

The response of murine lymphoreticular tissues to an isologous implanted adenocarcinoma was studied gravimetrically and histologically until the animals died. Blood volume and blood cell response were also measured. The tumor induced a vigorous histological response in both regional and nonregional lymph nodes that was at first immunoblastic and subsequently plasma cell in character, whereas the response in the thymus, though quite marked, was purely immunoblastic. During the later stages of tumor growth, the immunoblastic series of cells, similar to those usually associated with the cell-mediated immune mechanism, disappeared but the plasma cells, possibly related to the humoral response, remained active. Small, round cells disappeared from lymph nodes and thymus and decreased in the spleen but the total number of lymphocytes in the circulating blood increased. Perhaps the rejection of the tumor was abrogated by the selective suppression of the appropriate immunological mechanism. Nonregional lymph nodes and thymus were more involved than in other immunological situations, and this may be a further unique feature of tumor immunology.
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 18, 20 September 1989, Pages 1357–1358, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.18.1357 Published: 20 September 1989
With Current Gene Markers, Presymptomatic Diagnosis of Heritable Disease Is Still a Family Affair
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

DNA SEQUENCES associated with heritable diseases are being identified with such regularity that molecular biologists appear to be operating a Gene-of-the-Month Club. In the last four years, genes or genetic markers have been identified for a host of disorders including Huntington's disease, cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, polycystic kidney disease, bipolar depressive disorder, retinoblastoma, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia. Such discoveries have made it possible to diagnose in utero some 30 genetic diseases during the first trimester of pregnancy. Yet, while these newly discovered gene markers may be revolutionizing prenatal and presymptomatic diagnosis, they are in many respects halfway technology. Such was the opinion of several speakers at a conference sponsored by the American Medical Association in Washington, DC. At the conference, entitled DNA Probes in the Practice of Medicine, geneticists emphasized that gene markers—stretches of DNA that are usually inherited in tandem with a disease gene—are usually not sufficient for
Circus Movement in Rabbit Atrial Muscle as a Mechanism of Tachycardia
Authors: MAURITS A. ALLESSIE, FELIX I. M. BONKE, FRANCIEN J. G. SCHOPMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

The isolated left atrium of the rabbit, which showed no spontaneous activity, was electrically driven for 20 beats with a cycle length of 500 msec. Tachycardia could be repeatedly initiated by the application of a single adequately timed stimulus shortly after the refractory period of the last basic beat. After the termination of the tachycardia, either spontaneously or artificially by a properly timed stimulus, this procedure was repeated. The number of beats of these tachycardias varied from just one (coupled extrasystole) to many hundreds. Surface electrograms were recorded at about 300 different sites. From the moments of activation of these sites, the spread of activation during regular driving and during the premature beat and the subsequent tachycardia could be determined. In contrast to the radial spread of the activation during basic rhythm, the impulse of the premature beat was propagated in a circular pathway. This circus movement was maintained during tachycardia. These results show that even in a small area of atrial muscle containing no anatomical obstacle the impulse can be entrapped in a circus movement. This circus movement was the underlying mechanism of the arrhythmia.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Targeting multiple components of the dysregulated PI3K/AKT-mTOR pathway may offer therapeutic benefit. Dual inhibition of PI3K and mTOR attenuates PI3K activation resulting from inhibition of mTOR-dependent negative feedback mechanisms, potentially resulting in more complete PI3K pathway inhibition. Papadopoulos and colleagues conducted a Phase I study of SAR245409 (XL765), a novel, orally administered pan-class I PI3K/mTOR inhibitor. Pathway inhibition independent of PI3K pathway alterations was demonstrated in tumors at tolerable doses, resulting in clinically durable stable disease. These data provide the basis for single and combination drug studies in solid and hematologic malignancies.The role of IL-32 in gastric cancer (GC) progression and metastasis is still unknown. This study shows that IL-32 contributes to GC progression by increasing the metastatic potential resulting in worse patient survival. We found that IL-32 increase cell invasion ability both in vitro and in vivo by inducing IL-8 and VEGF expression via phosphor-AKT and active β-catenin/HIF-1α signaling pathways. These results demonstrate a novel function and regulation of IL-32 in GC and imply that it might be advantageous to target IL-32 for cancer therapy.Although targeted therapies have revolutionized the treatment of oncogene-addicted cancers such as gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), they rarely achieve cure. In a transgenic mouse model of GIST and human GIST xenografts, Kim and colleagues demonstrate that increased KIT inhibition can cause substantially more tumor regression than the first-line agent imatinib. PLX3397 was a more potent KIT inhibitor and eliminated more tumor cells than imatinib, but also induced intratumoral fibrosis, which appeared to impair further drug delivery. The results warrant investigation of more potent KIT inhibitors in human GIST and identify the stromal response as a potential barrier to optimal therapy.Relapse of any tumor is largely attributed to the presence of tumor-initiating cells (TIC), which are quiescent cells within a tumor that evade conventional chemotherapy. In this study we have isolated and identified CD133+ TICs in an immune-competent, genetic mouse model for pancreatic cancer. It further shows that these TICs, though resistant to most standard chemotherapeutic agents like paclitaxel, gemcitabine and 5FU, respond to minnelide (under phase I clinical trial) and undergo apoptotic cell death both in vivo and in vitro. We show that minnelide decreases the CD133+ TICs in this extremely aggressive model for pancreatic cancer that is more clinically relevant, compared with the immune-compromised TIC models reported earlier.
Social Factors in Suicide
Authors: George E. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Two diagnostic groups, affective disorder (depression) and alcoholism account for the majority of urban suicides. Alcoholic suicides are more often divorced, separated, or living alone than is the general population. Suicides with affective disorder differ little from the US population except in the proportion living alone. Unlike the affectivedisorder group, alcoholics are found frequently (32%) to have experienced obvious disruption of affectional relationships within six weeks of suicide. The findings suggest that suicide is often a response to social disturbance in alcoholism, chiefly to depressive symptoms in affective disorder. The alcoholic appears particularly vulnerable to suicidal impulses on losing an important affectional relationship. This knowledge should improve suicide prevention.
RUBELLA REINFECTION AND THE FETUS
Authors: J.E. Cradock-Watson, MargaretK.S. Ridehalgh, MaryJ. Anderson, J.R. Pattison, H.T. Weiland, G.W. Van Gemert, R.A. Verwey, J.T.M. Van Der Logt, A.M. Van Loon, Giovanni Nigro, Fulvio Nanni, Mario Midulla, P. Morgan-Capner, J.M. Best, J.E. Banatvala
Journal: The Lancet (1985)