tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An integrated microfluidics platform with high-throughput single-cell cloning array and concentration gradient generator for efficient cancer drug effect screening
Authors: Biao Wang, Bang-Shun He, Xiao-Lan Ruan, Jiang Zhu, Rui Hu, Jie Wang, Ying Li, Yun-Huang Yang, Mai-Li Liu
Journal: Military Medical Research (2022)

Abstract Background Tumor cell heterogeneity mediated drug resistance has been recognized as the stumbling block of cancer treatment. Elucidating the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs at single-cell level in a high-throughput way is thus of great value for developing precision therapy. However, current techniques suffer from limitations in dynamically characterizing the responses of thousands of single cells or cell clones presented to multiple drug conditions. Methods We developed a new microfluidics-based “SMART” platform that is Simple to operate, able to generate a Massive single-cell array and Multiplex drug concentrations, capable of keeping cells Alive, Retainable and Trackable in the microchambers. These features are achieved by integrating a Microfluidic chamber Array (4320 units) and a six-Concentration gradient generator (MAC), which enables highly efficient analysis of leukemia drug effects on single cells and cell clones in a high-throughput way. Results A simple procedure produces 6 on-chip drug gradients to treat more than 3000 single cells or single-cell derived clones and thus allows an efficient and precise analysis of cell heterogeneity. The statistic results reveal that Imatinib (Ima) and Resveratrol (Res) combination treatment on single cells or clones is much more efficient than Ima or Res single drug treatment, indicated by the markedly reduced half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ). Additionally, single-cell derived clones demonstrate a higher IC 50 in each drug treatment compared to single cells. Moreover, primary cells isolated from two leukemia patients are also found with apparent heterogeneity upon drug treatment on MAC. Conclusion This microfluidics-based “SMART” platform allows high-throughput single-cell capture and culture, dynamic drug-gradient treatment and cell response monitoring, which represents a new approach to efficiently investigate anticancer drug effects and should benefit drug discovery for leukemia and other cancers.
Apyrase decreases phage induction and Shiga toxin release from <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 and has a protective effect during infection
Authors: Ida Arvidsson, Ashmita Tontanahal, Karl Johansson, Ann-Charlotte Kristoffersson, Sára Kellnerová, Michael Berger, Ulrich Dobrindt, Diana Karpman
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) cause gastrointestinal infection and, in severe cases, hemolytic uremic syndrome which may lead to death. There is, to-date, no therapy for this infection. Stx induces ATP release from host cells and ATP signaling mediates its cytotoxic effects. Apyrase cleaves and neutralizes ATP and its effect on Stx and EHEC infection was therefore investigated. Apyrase decreased bacterial RecA and dose-dependently decreased toxin release from E. coli O157:H7 in vitro, demonstrated by reduced phage DNA and protein levels. The effect was investigated in a mouse model of E. coli O157:H7 infection. BALB/c mice infected with Stx2-producing E. coli O157:H7 were treated with apyrase intraperitoneally, on days 0 and 2 post-infection, and monitored for 11 days. Apyrase-treated mice developed disease two days later than untreated mice. Untreated infected mice lost significantly more weight than those treated with apyrase. Apyrase-treated mice exhibited less colonic goblet cell depletion and apoptotic cells, as well as lower fecal ATP and Stx2, compared to untreated mice. Apyrase also decreased platelet aggregation induced by co-incubation of human platelet-rich-plasma with Stx2 and E. coli O157 lipopolysaccharide in the presence of collagen. Thus, apyrase had multiple protective effects, reducing RecA levels, stx2 and toxin release from EHEC, reducing fecal Stx2 and protecting mouse intestinal cells, as well as decreasing platelet activation, and could thereby delay the development of disease.
Changing epidemiology of Salmonella Enteritidis human infections in the Netherlands and Belgium, 2006 to 2019: a registry-based population study
Authors: Linda Chanamé Pinedo, Eelco Franz, Maaike van den Beld, Nina Van Goethem, Wesley Mattheus, Kees Veldman, Thijs Bosch, Lapo Mughini-Gras, Roan Pijnacker
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

BackgroundSalmonellosis remains the second most common zoonosis in the European Union despite a long-term decreasing trend. However, this trend has been reported to have stagnated in recent years, particularly for
Effectiveness of Acupuncture for Anxiety Among Patients With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Jing-qi Fan, Wei-jing Lu, Wei-qiang Tan, Xin Liu, Yu-ting Wang, Nan-bu Wang, Li-xing Zhuang
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance One of the ordinary manifestations of Parkinson disease (PD) is anxiety, which remains untreated. Anxiety is closely associated with the accelerated progression of PD. Efficacy of acupuncture for anxiety has been reported. However, to date, there are no data on acupuncture’s effectiveness on anxiety for patients with PD. Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture vs sham acupuncture for treating anxiety in patients with PD. Design, Setting, and Participants This is randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial enrolled patients between June 20, 2021, and February 26, 2022. Final follow-up was April 15, 2022. Patients with Parkinson disease and anxiety were allocated randomly (1:1) to receive acupuncture or sham acupuncture for 8 weeks. Acupuncture operators, outcome measures evaluators, and statistical analysts were blinded to the grouping of patients. Patients were blinded to their own grouping during the study. This study took place in the Parkinson clinic of a hospital in China. Interventions Real acupuncture or sham acupuncture for 8 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcome was Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) score. Secondary outcomes were scores on the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), 39-item Parkinson Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), and serum levels of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol (CORT). Results Seventy eligible patients were enrolled, including 34 women (48.5%) and 36 men (51.4%). Sixty-four patients (91%) completed the intervention and the 8-week follow-up, including 30 women (46.9%) and 34 men (53.1%) with a mean (SD) age of 61.84 (8.47) years. At the end of treatment, the variation of HAM-A score was 0.22 (95% CI, –0.63 to 1.07; P = .62) between the real acupuncture and sham acupuncture groups. At the end of follow-up, the real acupuncture group had a significant 7.03-point greater (95% CI, 6.18 to 7.88; P &amp;lt; .001) reduction in HAM-A score compared with the sham acupuncture group. Four mild adverse reactions occurred during the study. Conclusions and Relevance This study found acupuncture to be an effective treatment for anxiety in patients with PD. These findings suggest that acupuncture may enhance the wellbeing of patients who have Parkinson disease and anxiety. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2100047253
Supplementary uses for a novel injecting needle-knife that facilitate esophagogastric endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Takeshi Shimizu, Yoshihide Kanno, Taku Yamagata, Tetsuya Ohira, Yoshihiro Harada, Kei Ito
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

A new needle-type endoknife, ProKnife (Boston Scientific Corp., Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA), for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), has two features that are similar to other endoscopic knives that permit injection as well as dissection [1]. The first is a 24-gauge injection lumen opening at the needle tip, which enables focal injection of highly viscous liquids, such as hyaluronic acid [2] [3]. The second is a disk-shaped blunt tip that can selectively hook fibrotic tissues and blood vessels in the submucosal layer without breaking these structures before electric current flows. We present two cases in which these features were highly advantageous in terms of their additional uses during ESD procedures ([Video 1]).
Association of gestational diabetes mellitus with overall and type specific cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wenhui Xie, Yu Wang, Shiyu Xiao, Lin Qiu, Yang Yu, Zhuoli Zhang
Journal: BMJ (2022)

To quantify the risk of overall and type specific cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as well as venous thromboembolism in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Commentary
Authors: Lorenzo Fuccio
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

The key message about the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) in endoscopy is not that human detection no longer has a role, but exactly the opposite. If we want the best use of AI in our daily routine, all the colonoscopy quality indicators must also be at their best: excellent quality of bowel preparation, a high intubation rate, a very good withdrawal technique, adoption of dynamic position changes for adequate luminal distension, patience, and washing away the mucus and stool residues that preclude colon surface exploration.
Analysis and Comparison of Early Childhood Nutritional Outcomes Among Offspring of Chinese Women Under the Chinese 2021 and US 2009 Gestational Weight Gain Guidelines
Authors: Fangfang Chen, Peng Wang, Jing Wang, Zijun Liao, Xinnan Zong, Yiren Chen, Jianqiang Lai, Ting Zhang, Gongshu Liu, Xianghui Xie
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance In 2009, the US National Academy of Medicine (NAM) released revised gestational weight gain (GWG) guidelines, which were established primarily for White North American women and may be unsuitable for Asian women. In 2021, the Chinese Nutrition Society (CNS) released its GWG guidelines, but their applicability requires re-examination. Objective To compare the differences between the CNS and NAM recommendations for GWG in association with health outcomes in the offspring of Chinese women. Design, Setting, and Participants In this bidirectional cohort study, children in China were recruited at age 3 years from 2017 to 2018, with 2 follow-up visits over the next 2 years (between September 2017 and September 2020). Information during pregnancy was retrieved from medical records. Data analysis was performed from October 2021 to January 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures GWG was classified as insufficient, appropriate, or excessive according to the CNS and NAM guidelines separately. Children’s height, weight, fat mass, fat-free mass, and percentage of body fat were measured at each visit. Body mass index, fat mass index, fat-free mass index, weighted κ score, risk ratio values, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. Results A total of 3822 children (1996 boys and 1826 girls; mean [SD] age, 3.79 [0.30] years) were enrolled; after exclusions, 3170 term singleton children were recruited and were followed at 4 and 5 years of age. According to the CNS guidelines, the prevalence rates were 14.1% for insufficient GWG, 48.1% for appropriate GWG, and 37.9% for excessive GWG, whereas the rates according to NAM guidelines were 39.7% for insufficient GWG, 37.2% for appropriate GWG, and 23.1% for excessive GWG. The weighted κ value for the classification agreement between the 2 guidelines was 0.530 (95% CI, 0.510-0.550). For the appropriate GWG group, the rates for low nutritional levels did not differ between the 2 guidelines, but the rates for high nutritional levels were significantly lower under CNS guidelines than under NAM guidelines. When the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV with respect to the mothers who maintained appropriate GWG were used to estimate the nonhigh nutritional status of their offspring, generally higher values based on the CNS guidelines were found compared with those based on the NAM recommendations. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that the GWG recommendations promulgated by the NAM are higher than the CNS guidelines, with the latter more suitable for Chinese women.
Insulin induces insulin receptor degradation in the liver through EphB4
Authors: Xingfeng Liu, Kai Wang, Shaocong Hou, Qian Jiang, Chunxiao Ma, Qijin Zhao, Lijuan Kong, Jingwen Chen, Zhenhe Wang, Huabing Zhang, Tao Yuan, Yuxiu Li, Yi Huan, Zhufang Shen, Zhuowei Hu, Zhifeng Huang, Bing Cui, Pingping Li
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2022)
Comparison of Chinese vs US Gestational Weight Gain Guidelines for Chinese Women
Authors: Helena J. Teede, Rebecca Goldstein, Cheryce Harrison
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Fangfang Chen, MPH; Peng Wang, MPH; Jing Wang, MPH; Zijun Liao, MD; Xinnan Zong, MPH; Yiren Chen, MB; Jianqiang Lai, MD, MPH; Ting Zhang, MD; Gongshu Liu, MPH; Xianghui Xie, MPH
Medicaid as a Driver of Health Equity
Authors: Alice Hm Chen, Mark A. Ghaly
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nephrotic Syndrome Gene TBC1D8B Is Required for Endosomal Maturation and Nephrin Endocytosis in Drosophila
Authors: Julian Milosavljevic, Camille Lempicki, Konrad Lang, Helena Heinkele, Lina L. Kampf, Claire Leroy, Mengmeng Chen, Lea Gerstner, Dominik Spitz, Minxian Wang, Andrea U. Knob, Séverine Kayser, Martin Helmstädter, Gerd Walz, Martin R. Pollak, Tobias Hermle
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2022)

Variants in TBC1D8B cause nephrotic syndrome. TBC1D8B is a GTPase-activating protein for Rab11 (RAB11-GAP) that interacts with nephrin, but how it controls nephrin trafficking or other podocyte functions remains unclear.We generated a stable deletion in Tbc1d8b and used microhomology-mediated end-joining for genome editing. Ex vivo functional assays utilized slit diaphragms in podocyte-like Drosophila nephrocytes. Manipulation of endocytic regulators and transgenesis of murine Tbc1d8b provided a comprehensive functional analysis of Tbc1d8b.A null allele of Drosophila TBC1D8B exhibited a nephrocyte-restricted phenotype of nephrin mislocalization, similar to patients with isolated nephrotic syndrome who have variants in the gene. The protein was required for rapid nephrin turnover in nephrocytes and for endocytosis of nephrin induced by excessive Rab5 activity. The protein expressed from the Tbc1d8b locus bearing the edited tag predominantly localized to mature early and late endosomes. Tbc1d8b was required for endocytic cargo processing and degradation. Silencing Hrs, a regulator of endosomal maturation, phenocopied loss of Tbc1d8b. Low-level expression of murine TBC1D8B rescued loss of the Drosophila gene, indicating evolutionary conservation. Excessive murine TBC1D8B selectively disturbed nephrin dynamics. Finally, we discovered four novel TBC1D8B variants within a cohort of 363 patients with FSGS and validated a functional effect of two variants in Drosophila, suggesting a personalized platform for TBC1D8B-associated FSGS.Variants in TBC1D8B are not infrequent among patients with FSGS. TBC1D8B, functioning in endosomal maturation and degradation, is essential for nephrin trafficking.
Association of Postpartum Maternal Mood With Infant Speech Perception at 2 and 6.5 Months of Age
Authors: Gesa Schaadt, Rachel G. Zsido, Arno Villringer, Hellmuth Obrig, Claudia Männel, Julia Sacher
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance Language development builds on speech perception, with early disruptions increasing the risk for later language difficulties. Although a major postpartum depressive episode is associated with language development, this association has not been investigated among infants of mothers experiencing a depressed mood at subclinical levels after birth, even though such a mood is frequently present in the first weeks after birth. Understanding whether subclinical depressed maternal mood after birth is associated with early language development is important given opportunities of coping strategies for subclinical depressed mood. Objective To examine whether depressed maternal mood at subclinical levels 2 months after birth is associated with infant speech perception trajectories from ages 2 to 6.5 months. Design, Setting, and Participants In this longitudinal cohort study conducted between January 1, 2018, and October 31, 2019, 46 healthy, monolingual German mother-infant dyads were tested. The sample was recruited from the infants database of the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences. Initial statistical analysis was performed between January 1 and March 31, 2021; the moderation analysis (results reported herein) was conducted between July 1 and July 31, 2022. Exposures Mothers reported postpartum mood via the German version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (higher scores indicated higher levels of depressed mood, with a cutoff of 13 points indicating a high probability of clinical depression) when their infants were 2 months old. Main Outcomes and Measures Electrophysiological correlates of infant speech perception (mismatch response to speech stimuli) were tested when the infants were aged 2 months (initial assessment) and 6.5 months (follow-up). Results A total of 46 mothers (mean [SD] age, 32.1 [3.8] years) and their 2-month-old children (mean [SD] age, 9.6 [1.2] weeks; 23 girls and 23 boys) participated at the initial assessment, and 36 mothers (mean [SD] age, 32.2 [4.1] years) and their then 6.5-month-old children (mean [SD] age, 28.4 [1.5 weeks; 18 girls and 18 boys) participated at follow-up. Moderation analyses revealed that more depressed maternal subclinical postpartum mood (mean [SD] Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score, 4.8 [3.6]) was associated with weaker longitudinal changes of infants’ electrophysiological brain responses to syllable pitch speech information from ages 2 to 6.5 months (coefficient: 0.68; 95% CI, 0.03-1.33; P = .04). Conclusions and Relevance The results of this cohort study suggest that infant speech perception trajectories are correlated with subclinical depressed mood in postpartum mothers. This finding lays the groundwork for future research on early support for caregivers experiencing depressed mood to have a positive association with children’s language development.
Atypical Mycobacteriosis of the Urinary Tract
Authors: Michael Pergament
Journal: JAMA (1974)

CHRONIC pulmonary disease caused by atypical mycobacteria is a well-recognized entity characterized by granulomatous lesions resembling those of tuberculosis. Involvement of the urinary tract by these organisms is not so well known, with only two case reports in the literature.<sup>1,2</sup>The case reported here is the first instance wherein a Runyon type 3 organism has been shown capable of producing the same extensive clinical and roentgenographic patterns seen in tuberculosis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 62-year-old woman gave a six-month history of frequency, urgency, nocturia, and suprapubic and right lower quadrant pain that had been associated with gross hematuria for the previous two months. Born in southern Minnesota, she has lived there since. As a young adult, she had transient episodes of left midabdominal and left flank pain. There has not been any known contact to tuberculosis. No further symptoms had developed until 1970, when she was treated for
Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2022. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
Authors: Melanie J. Davies, Vanita R. Aroda, Billy S. Collins, Robert A. Gabbay, Jennifer Green, Nisa M. Maruthur, Sylvia E. Rosas, Stefano Del Prato, Chantal Mathieu, Geltrude Mingrone, Peter Rossing, Tsvetalina Tankova, Apostolos Tsapas, John B. Buse
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

The American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes convened a panel to update the previous consensus statements on the management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes in adults, published since 2006 and last updated in 2019. The target audience is the full spectrum of the professional health care team providing diabetes care in the U.S. and Europe. A systematic examination of publications since 2018 informed new recommendations. These include additional focus on social determinants of health, the health care system, and physical activity behaviors, including sleep. There is a greater emphasis on weight management as part of the holistic approach to diabetes management. The results of cardiovascular and kidney outcomes trials involving sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, including assessment of subgroups, inform broader recommendations for cardiorenal protection in people with diabetes at high risk of cardiorenal disease. After a summary listing of consensus recommendations, practical tips for implementation are provided.
McCune-Albright Syndrome
Authors: Peter A. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This article describes clinical follow-up of 15 patients—13 females and two males—with McCune-Albright syndrome. Osseous fractures occurred only during childhood, while hearing impairment due to temporal bone involvement occurred in four of six adults. Four females with precocious puberty had final heights that were not different from the mean for normal females; they eventually developed regular menses, and two had children. Persistent hyperthyroidism requiring ablative therapy occurred in three subjects, while hypophosphatemia occurred in three subjects. The protean manifestations of this disorder suggest that it results from a basic defect of cellular regulation. We postulate that its varied endocrine abnormalities result from altered regulation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate effects. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:2980-2984)