tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Birthing Adults—When Null Results Matter
Authors: Stephanie A. Fisher, Sadiya S. Khan, Priya M. Freaney
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Emergency Allotments and Food Security, Hospitalizations, and Hospital Capacity
Authors: Matthew Lavallee, Sandro Galea, Nadia N. Abuelezam
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Understanding how social policies shape health is a national priority, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective To understand the association between politically motivated changes to Nebraska’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) policy and public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used synthetic control methods to estimate the association of Nebraska’s decision to reject emergency allotments for the SNAP with food security and hospital capacity indicators. A counterfactual for Nebraska was created by weighting data from the rest of the US. State-level changes in Nebraska between March 2020 and March 2021 were included. Data were acquired from the Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey on individual food security and mental health indicators and from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on hospital-level capacity indicators. Data analysis occurred between October 2022 and June 2023. Intervention The rejection of additional SNAP funds for low-income households in Nebraska from August to November 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures Food insecurity and inpatient bed use indicators (ie, inpatient beds filled, inpatient beds filled by patients with COVID-19, and inpatients with COVID-19). Results The survey data of 1 591 006 respondents from May 2020 to November 2020 was analyzed, and 24 869 (1.56%) lived in Nebraska. Nebraska’s population was composed of proportionally more White individuals (mean [SD], 88.70% [0.29%] vs 78.28% [0.26%]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), fewer individuals who made more than $200 000 in 2019 (4.20% [0.45%] vs 5.22% [0.12%]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), and more households sized 1 to 3 (63.41% [2.29%] vs 61.13% [1.10%); P = .03) compared with other states. Nebraska’s rejection of additional funding for SNAP recipients was associated with increases in food insecurity (raw mean [SD] difference 1.61% [1.30%]; relative difference, 19.63%; P = .02), percentage of inpatient beds filled by patients with COVID-19 (raw mean [SD] difference, 0.19% [1.55%]; relative difference, 3.90%; P = .02), and percentage of inpatient beds filled (raw mean [SD] difference, 2.35% [1.82%]; relative difference, 4.10%; P = .02). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, the association between social policy, food security, health, and public health resources was examined, and the rejection of emergency allotments in Nebraska was associated with increased food insecurity. Additionally, this intervention was associated with an increased rate of hospitalizations for COVID-19 and non–COVID-19 causes.
PROX1 Inhibits PDGF-B Expression to Prevent Myxomatous Degeneration of Heart Valves
Authors: Yen-Chun Ho, Xin Geng, Anna O’Donnell, Jaime Ibarrola, Amaya Fernandez-Celis, Rohan Varshney, Kumar Subramani, Zheila J. Azartash-Namin, Jang Kim, Robert Silasi, Jill Wylie-Sears, Zahra Alvandi, Lijuan Chen, Boksik Cha, Hong Chen, Lijun Xia, Bin Zhou, Florea Lupu, Harold M. Burkhart, Elena Aikawa, Lorin E. Olson, Jasimuddin Ahamed, Natalia López-Andrés, Joyce Bischoff, Katherine E. Yutzey, R. Sathish Srinivasan
Journal: Circulation Research (2023)

Cardiac valve disease is observed in 2.5% of the general population and 10% of the elderly people. Effective pharmacological treatments are currently not available, and patients with severe cardiac valve disease require surgery. PROX1 (prospero-related homeobox transcription factor 1) and FOXC2 (Forkhead box C2 transcription factor) are transcription factors that are required for the development of lymphatic and venous valves. We found that PROX1 and FOXC2 are expressed in a subset of valvular endothelial cells (VECs) that are located on the downstream (fibrosa) side of cardiac valves. Whether PROX1 and FOXC2 regulate cardiac valve development and disease is not known.
Epigenetic Induction of Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Alterations in Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections
Authors: Abhijit Chakraborty, Yanming Li, Chen Zhang, Yang Li, Kimberly R. Rebello, Shengyu Li, Samantha Xu, Hernan G. Vasquez, Lin Zhang, Wei Luo, Guangyu Wang, Kaifu Chen, Joseph S. Coselli, Scott A. LeMaire, Ying H. Shen
Journal: Circulation (2023)

Smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic switching has been increasingly detected in aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) tissues. However, the diverse SMC phenotypes in AAD tissues and the mechanisms driving SMC phenotypic alterations remain to be identified.
Coronary Angiography After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Without ST-Segment Elevation
Authors: Steffen Desch, Anne Freund, Ibrahim Akin, Michael Behnes, Michael R. Preusch, Thomas A. Zelniker, Carsten Skurk, Ulf Landmesser, Tobias Graf, Ingo Eitel, Georg Fuernau, Hendrik Haake, Peter Nordbeck, Fabian Hammer, Stephan B. Felix, Christian Hassager, Jesper Kjærgaard, Stephan Fichtlscherer, Jakob Ledwoch, Karsten Lenk, Michael Joner, Stephan Steiner, Christoph Liebetrau, Ingo Voigt, Uwe Zeymer, Michael Brand, Roland Schmitz, Jan Horstkotte, Claudius Jacobshagen, Janine Pöss, Mohamed Abdel-Wahab, Philipp Lurz, Alexander Jobs, Suzanne de Waha, Denise Olbrich, Frank Sandig, Inke R. König, Sabine Brett, Maren Vens, Kathrin Klinge, Holger Thiele, Uzair Ansari, Jan Stiepak, Karolin Schmoll, Thomas Stiermaier, Thomas Wurster, Wulf Knie, Jürgen vom Dahl, Christian Kotzlowski, Octavian Maniuc, Maria Moritz, Peter Abel, Daniel Beug, Thomas Engstrøm, Mariuca Vasa-Nicotera, Stephan Heyl, Christian Kupatt, Petra Hoppmann, Christian Bradaric, Ulrich Laufs, Daniel Lavall, Patrick Mayr, Anna-Lena Lahmann, Stefanie Weigel, Maren Weferling, Catharina Hamm, Thomas Schmitz, Ralph Winkler, Hans-Joachim Trappe, Christian Valina, Simon Schöchlin, Christoph Garlichs, Tim Seidler, Gerd Hasenfuß, Sylvia Otto, Sven Möbius-Winkler, P Christian Schulze, Tommaso Gori, Stephan Kische, Peter Grewe, Klaus Pels, Stefan Sack, Harald Mudra, Niels Menck, Norman Klöppner, Stefan Löser, Philipp Lauten, Axel Linke, Norman Mangner, Felix Woitek, Derk Frank, Matthias Lutz, Norbert Frey, Tobias Geisler, Michal Droppa, Marc-Alexander Ohlow
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Myocardial infarction is a frequent cause of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The long-term effect of early coronary angiography on patients with OHCA with possible coronary trigger but no ST-segment elevation remains unclear.
The TNFα/TNFR2 axis mediates natural killer cell proliferation by promoting aerobic glycolysis
Authors: Abrar Ul Haq Khan, Alaa Kassim Ali, Bryan Marr, Donghyeon Jo, Simin Ahmadvand, Claire Fong-McMaster, Saeedah Musaed Almutairi, Lisheng Wang, Subash Sad, Mary-Ellen Harper, Seung-Hwan Lee
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2023)

Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are predominant innate lymphocytes that initiate the early immune response during infection. NK cells undergo a metabolic switch to fuel augmented proliferation and activation following infection. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) is a well-known inflammatory cytokine that enhances NK cell function; however, the mechanism underlying NK cell proliferation in response to TNFα is not well established. Here, we demonstrated that upon infection/inflammation, NK cells upregulate the expression of TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2), which is associated with increased proliferation, metabolic activity, and effector function. Notably, IL-18 can induce TNFR2 expression in NK cells, augmenting their sensitivity toward TNFα. Mechanistically, TNFα-TNFR2 signaling upregulates the expression of CD25 (IL-2Rα) and nutrient transporters in NK cells, leading to a metabolic switch toward aerobic glycolysis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significantly reduced expression levels of genes involved in cellular metabolism and proliferation in NK cells from TNFR2 KO mice. Accordingly, our data affirmed that genetic ablation of TNFR2 curtails CD25 upregulation and TNFα-induced glycolysis, leading to impaired NK cell proliferation and antiviral function during MCMV infection in vivo. Collectively, our results delineate the crucial role of the TNFα-TNFR2 axis in NK cell proliferation, glycolysis, and effector function.
Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest—One Size Does Not Fit All
Authors: Nilesh Pareek, Thomas R. Keeble, Shrilla Banerjee
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Uncertain Definition of Medium Risk for Outcome Evaluation of Postoperative Overnight High-Acuity Care—Reply
Authors: Guy Ludbrook, Michael P. W. Grocott, Sandy Clarke-Errey
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
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Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2023)

Karmel W. Choi, PhD; Chia-Yen Chen, PhD; Murray B. Stein, MD, MPH; Yann C. Klimentidis, PhD; Min-Jung Wang, MSc; Karestan C. Koenen, PhD; Jordan W. Smoller, MD, ScD; Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium
Uncertain Definition of Medium Risk for Outcome Evaluation of Postoperative Overnight High-Acuity Care
Authors: Chia-Hao Hsu, Pei-Hsi Chou, Chung-Hwan Chen
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Efficacy and Safety of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Combined with Camrelizumab and Apatinib in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus
Authors: Yue Hu, Min Zhou, Jing Tang, Shuang Li, Hongli Liu, Jianli Hu, Hong Ma, Junli Liu, Tingting Qin, Xiongjie Yu, Yongshun Chen, Jin Peng, Yanmei Zou, Tao Zhang, Jun Xue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab plus apatinib with or without stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) as first-line therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT).This is a multicenter, open-label, noncomparative, randomized trial that recruited patients with HCC with type II/III/IV PVTT, who had not previously received systemic therapy. Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive camrelizumab (200 mg, every 3 weeks) and apatinib (250 mg, every day) with or without SBRT [95% planning target volume (PTV), 36-40 Gy/6-8 Gy]. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), duration of response, time to progression, and safety.Sixty patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to two prospective cohorts. Median OS were 12.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 10.2-not available (NA)] and 8.6 months (95% CI, 5.6-NA), and median PFS were 4.6 months (95% CI, 3.3-7.0) and 2.5 months (95% CI, 2.0-7.6) for the SBRT and non-SBRT cohorts, respectively. The ORR and DCR were 47.5% and 72.5% in the SBRT cohort, and 20.0% and 40.0% in the non-SBRT cohort. The most common treatment-related adverse events of any grade were hypertension (55.0%), hand-foot syndrome (51.7%), and leukopenia (50.0%). Grade ≥ 3 was reported in 13 (21.7%) patients.First-line treatment with camrelizumab-apatinib combined with or without SBRT showed clinical benefits in patients with HCC with PVTT, with an acceptable safety profile. Thus, these combination regimens may be potential options for such patients.
Association of Different Prescribing Patterns for Oral Corticosteroids With Fracture Preventive Care Among Older Adults in the UK and Ontario
Authors: Julian Matthewman, Mina Tadrous, Kathryn E. Mansfield, Deva Thiruchelvam, Donald A. Redelmeier, Angela M. Cheung, Iliana C. Lega, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, Lawrence A. Cunliffe, Amy Mulick, Alasdair Henderson, Sinéad M. Langan, Aaron M. Drucker
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2023)

Identifying and mitigating modifiable gaps in fracture preventive care for people with relapsing-remitting conditions such as eczema, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who are prescribed high cumulative oral corticosteroid doses may decrease fracture-associated morbidity and mortality.
Maternal Risk of Cardiovascular Disease After Use of Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Authors: Maria C. Magnus, Abigail Fraser, Siri E. Håberg, Kristiina Rönö, Liv Bente Romundstad, Christina Bergh, Anne Lærke Spangmose, Anja Pinborg, Mika Gissler, Ulla-Britt Wennerholm, Bjørn Olav Åsvold, Deborah A. Lawlor, Signe Opdahl
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

The use of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) is steadily increasing worldwide. The outcomes associated with treatment for an individual's long-term health, including risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), remain largely unknown, due to the small number of studies and their limited follow-up time.
Long-Term Regret and Satisfaction With Decision Following Gender-Affirming Mastectomy
Authors: Lauren Bruce, Alexander N. Khouri, Andrew Bolze, Maria Ibarra, Blair Richards, Shokoufeh Khalatbari, Gaines Blasdel, Jennifer B. Hamill, Jessica J. Hsu, Edwin G. Wilkins, Shane D. Morrison, Megan Lane
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

There has been increasing legislative interest in regulating gender-affirming surgery, in part due to the concern about decisional regret. The regret rate following gender-affirming surgery is thought to be approximately 1%; however, previous studies relied heavily on ad hoc instruments.
Long-Term Outcome of Nonoperative Treatment of Appendicitis
Authors: Barbora Pátková, Anna Svenningsson, Markus Almström, Jan F. Svensson, Staffan Eriksson, Tomas Wester, Simon Eaton
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

This cohort study uses registry data to report the long-term outcomes of patients who participated in randomized clinical trials of antibiotics vs surgery in Sweden in the 1990s.
Can Serum Biomarkers for Prurigo Nodularis Expose Pathophysiology or Just Treatment Response?
Authors: Sakeen W. Kashem, Marlys S. Fassett
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Modulation of Neuroimmune and Epithelial Dysregulation in Patients With Moderate to Severe Prurigo Nodularis Treated With Nemolizumab
Authors: Junwen Deng, Viviane Liao, Varsha Parthasarathy, Hannah L. Cornman, Anusha Kambala, Madan M. Kwatra, Sonja Ständer, Christophe Piketty, Prasad Chaskar, Jayendra Kumar Krishnaswamy, Valerie Julia, Shawn G. Kwatra
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2023)

Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a debilitating skin disease characterized by intense pruritus and hyperkeratotic skin nodules. Nemolizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin 31 receptor α, is a promising novel therapy for the treatment of moderate to severe PN. The biological mechanisms by which nemolizumab promotes improvement of itch and skin lesions in PN are unknown.To characterize changes in plasma protein biomarkers associated with clinical response to nemolizumab in patients with PN.This multicenter cohort study included patients recruited from Austria, France, Germany, Poland, and the US from a phase 2 clinical trial. Adults diagnosed with moderate to severe PN with severe pruritus for at least 6 months were included in the original trial. Patients in the nemolizumab group were included in the present study if they achieved at least a 4-point decrease in the Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (PP-NRS) from baseline to week 12 during nemolizumab treatment. Placebo controls did not experience a 4-point decrease in PP-NRS. Mass spectrometry with tandem mass tags to enrich skin-specific protein detection was used to characterize changes in plasma protein expression in nemolizumab and placebo groups. Data were collected from November 2, 2017, to September 26, 2018, and analyzed from December 6, 2019, to April 8, 2022.As part of the clinical trial, patients were treated with 3 doses of nemolizumab or placebo at 0, 4, and 8 weeks.Changes in plasma and epidermal protein expression in nemolizumab-treated patients compared with the placebo group at 0, 4, and 12 weeks.Among the 38 patients included in the analysis (22 women and 16 men; mean [SD] age, 55.8 [15.8] years), enrichment analysis of canonical pathways, biological functions, and upstream regulators showed downregulation of terms involving inflammation (IL-6, acute-phase response, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and interferon γ), neural processes (synaptogenesis signaling and neuritogenesis), tissue remodeling and fibrosis (transforming growth factor β1 and endothelin-1), and epidermal differentiation (epithelial mesenchymal transition) in the plasma of nemolizumab group.In this cohort study, differences between nemolizumab and placebo groups included modulation of inflammatory signaling, neural development, and epithelial differentiation, suggesting a promising potential approach for clinical management of PN.
Ritlecitinib: First Approval
Authors: Hannah A. Blair
Journal: Drugs (2023)

Ritlecitinib (LITFULO™), an orally administered kinase inhibitor, is being developed by Pfizer for the treatment of alopecia areata, vitiligo, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. On 23 June 2023, ritlecitinib received approval in the USA for the treatment of severe alopecia areata in adults and adolescents 12 years and older. Ritlecitinib was approved in Japan on 26 June 2023 for the treatment of alopecia areata (limited to intractable cases involving widespread hair loss). Ritlecitinib has also received a positive opinion in the EU and is under regulatory review in the UK and China. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of ritlecitinib leading to this first approval for severe alopecia areata.