tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulsed Field Ablation—Will Coronary Spasm Lead to Iconoclasm?
Authors: Bradley P. Knight, Anna Pfenniger
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Measles Outbreaks Grow Amid Declining Vaccination Rates
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Plasma Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease in Women With and Without HIV
Authors: Xuantao Li, Recai Yucel, Helene Clervius, Kundun Kamalakar, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Jinbing Zhang, Adaora Adimora, Lauren Collins, Margaret Fischl, Seble Kassaye, Pauline Maki, Eric Seaberg, Anjali Sharma, David Vance, Deborah R. Gustafson
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Blood-based biomarkers associated with increased risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) are understudied in people living with and without HIV, particularly women.
Emergency Medical Responses at US Immigration and Customs Enforcement Detention Centers in California
Authors: Annette M. Dekker, Jennifer Farah, Parveen Parmar, Atilla B. Uner, David L. Schriger
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Knowledge of medical care in US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention centers is limited. Reviews show high rates of preventable deaths while in detention due to substandard medical care within detention centers.To describe characteristics of medical emergencies at ICE detention centers in California.This cross-sectional study analyzed emergency medical services (EMS)-reported medical emergencies activated through 911 from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2022, at 3 of the 5 ICE detention centers in California: Adelanto ICE Processing Center, Imperial Regional Detention Facility, and Otay Mesa Detention Center.Medical services requiring 911 activation.Data included the number of EMS-reported medical emergencies; ICE-reported medical emergencies; patient age and sex; and medical data in the EMS report, including primary symptom, EMS provider (emergency medical technician or paramedic) impression, vital signs, and interventions performed, using descriptive statistics.In this analysis of 3 detention centers with a mean daily census of 775 (range, 504-1001) individuals per center, there was a median of 68 (IQR, 10-88) EMS-reported emergencies per center per year for a total of 1224 emergencies. The EMS-reported emergencies involved 881 males (72%) and 338 females (28%) with a median age of 39.0 (IQR 30.0-49.0) years. The ratios of female-to-male EMS-reported emergencies were 0.51 (95% CI, 0.31-0.87) at Adelanto, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.31-2.43) at Imperial, and 1.60 (95% CI, 1.40-1.83) at Otay Mesa. Pregnancy-related emergencies accounted for 12.4% (42 of 338) of emergencies in females. A total of 357 individuals (29.2%) had at least 1 abnormal vital sign during their EMS encounter. Psychiatric emergencies comprised 48 EMS responses (3.9%), despite higher rates of ICE-reported psychiatric-related complaints. The median number of monthly EMS-reported emergencies across all 3 centers was 3 (IQR, 0-9) vs 4 ICE-reported emergencies (IQR, 1-15).In this study of medical emergencies at 3 of 5 ICE detention facilities in California, there were discrepancies in EMS vs ICE reported emergencies. The data suggested that vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women, had an increased number of medical emergencies, while individuals with psychiatric emergencies accounted for fewer reported emergencies. Based on these findings, emergency medical care provision in ICE detention centers requires increased transparency to ensure appropriate delivery of care.
Antipsychotic Medications and Mortality in Children and Young Adults
Authors: Wayne A. Ray, D. Catherine Fuchs, Mark Olfson, Stephen W. Patrick, C. Michael Stein, Katherine T. Murray, James Daugherty, William O. Cooper
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2023)

Importance Dose-related effects of antipsychotic medications may increase mortality in children and young adults. Objective To compare mortality for patients aged 5 to 24 years beginning treatment with antipsychotic vs control psychiatric medications. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a US national retrospective cohort study of Medicaid patients with no severe somatic illness or schizophrenia or related psychoses who initiated study medication treatment. Study data were analyzed from November 2022 to September 2023. Exposures Current use of second-generation antipsychotic agents in daily doses of less than or equal to 100-mg chlorpromazine equivalents or greater than 100-mg chlorpromazine equivalents vs that for control medications (α agonists, atomoxetine, antidepressants, and mood stabilizers). Main Outcome and Measures Total mortality, classified by underlying cause of death. Rate differences (RDs) and hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for potential confounders with propensity score–based overlap weights. Results The 2 067 507 patients (mean [SD] age, 13.1 [5.3] years; 1 060 194 male [51.3%]) beginning study medication treatment filled 21 749 825 prescriptions during follow-up with 5 415 054 for antipsychotic doses of 100 mg or less, 2 813 796 for doses greater than 100 mg, and 13 520 975 for control medications. Mortality was not associated with antipsychotic doses of 100 mg or less (RD, 3.3; 95% CI, −5.1 to 11.7 per 100 000 person-years; HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.89-1.32) but was associated with doses greater than 100 mg (RD, 22.4; 95% CI, 6.6-38.2; HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.11-1.70). For higher doses, antipsychotic treatment was significantly associated with overdose deaths (RD, 8.3; 95% CI, 0-16.6; HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.02-2.42) and other unintentional injury deaths (RD, 12.3; 95% CI, 2.4-22.2; HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.12-2.22) but was not associated with nonoverdose suicide deaths or cardiovascular/metabolic deaths. Mortality for children aged 5 to 17 years was not significantly associated with either antipsychotic dose, whereas young adults aged 18 to 24 years had increased risk for doses greater than 100 mg (RD, 127.5; 95% CI, 44.8-210.2; HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.23-2.29). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of more than 2 million children and young adults without severe somatic disease or diagnosed psychosis, antipsychotic treatment in doses of 100 mg or less of chlorpromazine equivalents or in children aged 5 to 17 years was not associated with increased risk of death. For doses greater than 100 mg, young adults aged 18 to 24 years had significantly increased risk of death, with 127.5 additional deaths per 100 000 person-years.
Neighborhood Deprivation Measures and DNA Methylation Clocks—Understanding the Real Needs of Each Person
Authors: Benjamin D. Horne
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Margaret T. Hicken, MPH, PhD; John Dou, MPH; Kiarri N. Kershaw, PhD; Yongmei Liu, MD, PhD; Anjum Hajat, PhD; Kelly M. Bakulski, PhD
Surgeon Sex and Health Care Costs for Patients Undergoing Common Surgical Procedures
Authors: Christopher J. D. Wallis, Angela Jerath, Khatereh Aminoltejari, Kirusanthy Kaneshwaran, Arghavan Salles, Melinda Beeuwkes Buntin, Natalie G. Coburn, Frances C. Wright, Lesley Gotlib Conn, Kiyan Heybati, Amy N. Luckenbaugh, Sanjana Ranganathan, Carlos Riveros, Colin McCartney, Kathleen A. Armstrong, Barbara L. Bass, Allan S. Detsky, Raj Satkunasivam
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Prior research has shown differences in postoperative outcomes for patients treated by female and male surgeons. It is important to understand, from a health system and payer perspective, whether surgical health care costs differ according to the surgeon's sex.
Cost-Effectiveness of Annual Prostate MRI and Potential MRI-Guided Biopsy After Prostate-Specific Antigen Test Results
Authors: Hyunkyung Yun, Jin Kim, Aishwarya Gandhe, Brianna Nelson, Jim C. Hu, Vikas Gulani, Daniel Margolis, Bruce R. Schackman, Ali Jalali
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and potential MRI-guided biopsy enable enhanced identification of clinically significant prostate cancer. Despite proven efficacy, MRI and potential MRI-guided biopsy remain costly, and there is limited evidence regarding the cost-effectiveness of this approach in general and for different prostate-specific antigen (PSA) strata. Objective To examine the cost-effectiveness of integrating annual MRI and potential MRI-guided biopsy as part of clinical decision-making for men after being screened for prostate cancer compared with standard biopsy. Design, Setting, and Participants Using a decision analytic Markov cohort model, an economic evaluation was conducted projecting outcomes over 10 years for a hypothetical cohort of 65-year-old men in the US with 4 different PSA strata (&amp;amp;lt;2.5 ng/mL, 2.5-4.0 ng/mL, 4.1-10.0 ng/mL, &amp;amp;gt;10 ng/mL) identified by screening through Monte Carlo microsimulation with 10 000 trials. Model inputs for probabilities, costs in 2020 US dollars, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were from the literature and expert consultation. The model was specifically designed to reflect the US health care system, adopting a federal payer perspective (ie, Medicare). Exposures Magnetic resonance imaging with potential MRI-guided biopsy and standard biopsy. Main Outcomes and Measures Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) using a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100 000 per QALY was estimated. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. Results For the 3 PSA strata of 2.5 ng/mL or greater, the MRI and potential MRI-guided biopsy strategy was cost-effective compared with standard biopsy (PSA 2.5-4.0 ng/mL: base-case ICER, $21 131/QALY; PSA 4.1-10.0 ng/mL: base-case ICER, $12 336/QALY; PSA &amp;amp;gt;10.0 ng/mL: base-case ICER, $6000/QALY). Results varied depending on the diagnostic accuracy of MRI and potential MRI-guided biopsy. Results of probabilistic sensitivity analyses showed that the MRI and potential MRI-guided biopsy strategy was cost-effective at the willingness-to-pay threshold of $100 000 per QALY in a range between 76% and 81% of simulations for each of the 3 PSA strata of 2.5 ng/mL or more. Conclusions and Relevance This economic evaluation of a hypothetical cohort suggests that an annual MRI and potential MRI-guided biopsy was a cost-effective option from a US federal payer perspective compared with standard biopsy for newly eligible male Medicare beneficiaries with a serum PSA level of 2.5 ng/mL or more.
Characterization of a unique repression system present in arbitrium phages of the SPbeta family
Authors: Aisling Brady, Elena Cabello-Yeves, Francisca Gallego del Sol, Cora Chmielowska, Javier Mancheño-Bonillo, Sara Zamora-Caballero, Shira Bendori Omer, Manuela Torres-Puente, Avigdor Eldar, Nuria Quiles-Puchalt, Alberto Marina, José R. Penadés
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2023)

Arbitrium-coding phages use peptides to communicate and coordinate the decision between lysis and lysogeny. However, the mechanism by which these phages establish lysogeny remains unknown. Here, focusing on the SPbeta phage family’s model phages phi3T and SPβ, we report that a six-gene operon called the “SPbeta phages repressor operon” (sro) expresses not one but two master repressors, SroE and SroF, the latter of which folds like a classical phage integrase. To promote lysogeny, these repressors bind to multiple sites in the phage genome. SroD serves as an auxiliary repressor that, with SroEF, forms the repression module necessary for lysogeny establishment and maintenance. Additionally, the proteins SroABC within the operon are proposed to constitute the transducer module, connecting the arbitrium communication system to the activity of the repression module. Overall, this research sheds light on the intricate and specialized repression system employed by arbitrium SPβ-like phages in making lysis-lysogeny decisions.
Somatic hypermutation introduces bystander mutations that prepare SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for emerging variants
Authors: Michael Korenkov, Matthias Zehner, Hadas Cohen-Dvashi, Aliza Borenstein-Katz, Lisa Kottege, Hanna Janicki, Kanika Vanshylla, Timm Weber, Henning Gruell, Manuel Koch, Ron Diskin, Christoph Kreer, Florian Klein
Journal: Immunity (2023)
Bile acid metabolomics identifies chenodeoxycholic acid as a therapeutic agent for pancreatic necrosis
Authors: Qingtian Zhu, Chenchen Yuan, Xiaowu Dong, Yaodong Wang, Baiqiang Li, Bo Tu, Weiwei Chen, Xingmeng Xu, Weijuan Gong, Weiming Xiao, Yanbing Ding, Lianghao Hu, Weiqin Li, Guotao Lu
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2023)

Bile acids are altered and associated with prognosis in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Here, we conduct targeted metabolomic analyses to detect bile acids changes in patients during the acute (n = 326) and the recovery (n = 133) phases of AP, as well as in healthy controls (n = 60). Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) decreases in the acute phase, increases in the recovery phase, and is associated with pancreatic necrosis. CDCA and its derivative obeticholic acid exhibit a protective effect against acinar cell injury in vitro and pancreatic necrosis in murine models, and RNA sequencing reveals that the oxidative phosphorylation pathway is mainly involved. Moreover, we find that overexpression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR, CDCA receptor) inhibits pancreatic necrosis, and interfering expression of FXR exhibits an opposite phenotype in mice. Our results possibly suggest that targeting CDCA is a potential strategy for the treatment of acinar cell necrosis in AP, but further verification is needed.
“We weren’t that great at treating flu—it should not be our model for covid”: America’s covid-19 tsar speaks
Authors: Mun-Keat Looi
Journal: BMJ (2023)

s covid-19 tsar speaks Former US covid-19 response coordinator Ashish Jha tells The BMJ about antivirals, long covid, his worries for the winter season-and why the "partisanisation" of vaccination worries him
Ambient Ultrafine Particulate Matter and Clinical Outcomes in Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Gillian C. Goobie, Provat K. Saha, Christopher Carlsten, Kevin F. Gibson, Kerri A. Johannson, Daniel J. Kass, Christopher J. Ryerson, Yingze Zhang, Allen L. Robinson, Albert A. Presto, S. Mehdi Nouraie
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

Rationale: Particulate matter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5) is associated with adverse outcomes in fibrotic interstitial lung disease (fILD), but the impact of ultrafine particulates (UFPs; aerodynamic diameter ≤100nm) remains unknown. Objective: To evaluate UFP associations with clinical outcomes in fILD. Methods: Multicenter, prospective cohort study enrolling patients with fILD from the University of Pittsburgh Simmons Center and Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry (PFF-PR). Using a national-scale UFP model, we linked exposures using three approaches in Simmons (residential address geocoordinates, zip centroid geocoordinates, zip average) and two in PFF-PR where only 5-digit zip code was available (zip centroid, zip average). We tested UFP associations with transplant-free survival using multivariable Cox, baseline percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusion capacity of the lung (DLCO) using multivariable linear regressions, and decline in FVC and DLCO using linear mixed models, adjusting for age, sex, smoking, race, socioeconomic status, site, PM2.5, and nitrogen dioxide. Results: Annual mean outdoor UFP levels for 2017 were estimated for 1416 Simmons and 1919 PFF-PR patients. Increased UFP level was associated with transplant-free survival in fully-adjusted Simmons residential address models (HR=1.08 per 1000 particles/cm3, 95%CI 1.01-1.15, p=0.02), but not PFF-PR models, which used less precise linkage approaches. Higher UFP was associated with lower baseline FVC and more rapid FVC decline in Simmons. Conclusions: Increased UFP exposure was associated with transplant-free survival and lung function in the cohort with precise residential location linkage. This work highlights the need for more robust regulatory networks to study the health effects of UFPs nationwide.
A call to adapt the regulation of HLA testing for T cell receptor-based therapeutics
Authors: Miriam Meyer, Andrea Mahr, Joanna Brewer, Volker Daniel, Justine Dell‘Aringa, Tony Goldstone, Sarah Hersey, Ian Johnston, Pamela Larson, Michael Loveridge, Gavin MacBeath, Mark Moyer, Dirk Nagorsen, Sophie Papa, Leanne Peiser, Koustubh Ranade, Ruben Rizzi, Axel Roers, Dolores Schendel, Pallavur Sivakumar, Eric Tran, Özlem Türeci, Luise Weigand, Anders Wennborg, Dennis Williams, Cassian Yee, Cedrik M. Britten
Journal: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2023)
A Synergistic Therapy With Antioxidant and Anti‐VEGF: Toward its Safe and Effective Elimination for Corneal Neovascularization
Authors: Huimin Zhu, Jinfa Ye, Yiming Wu, Yuhang Cheng, Min Su, Qixuan Dai, Yun Han, Jintao Pan, Zhenyu Wu, Chuan Chen, Chenyue Qiu, Wei Li, Gang Liu, Chengchao Chu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. In clinical practice; however, it remains a challenge to achieve a noninvasive and safe treatment. Herein, a biocompatible shell with excellent antioxidant and antivascularity is prepared by co-assembly of epigallocatechin gallate/gallic acid and Cu (II). After loading glucose oxidase (GOx) inside, the shell is modified with dimeric DPA-Zn for codelivering vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) small interfering RNA (VEGF-siRNA). Meanwhile, the Arg-Gly-Asp peptide (RGD) peptide-engineered cell membranes coating improves angiogenesis-targeting and is biocompatible for the multifunctional nanomedicine (CEGs/RGD). After eye drops administration, CEGs/RGD targets enrichment in neovascularization and CEGs NPs enter cells. Then, the inner GOx consumes glucose with a decrease in local pH, which in turn leads to the release of EGCE and VEGF-siRNA. As a result, the nanomedicines significantly reduce angiogenesis and inhibit CNV formation through synergistic effect of antioxidant and antivascular via down-regulation of cluster of differentiation 31 and VEGF. The nanomedicine represents a safe and efficient CNV treatment through the combined effect of antioxidant/gene, which provides important theoretical and clinical significance.
A bispecific Clec9A-PD-L1 targeted type I interferon profoundly reshapes the tumor microenvironment towards an antitumor state
Authors: Sandra Van Lint, Alexander Van Parys, Bram Van Den Eeckhout, Niels Vandamme, Stephane Plaisance, Annick Verhee, Dominiek Catteeuw, Elke Rogge, Jennifer De Geest, Nele Vanderroost, Jana Roels, Yvan Saeys, Gilles Uzé, Niko Kley, Anje Cauwels, Jan Tavernier
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2023)

Abstract Despite major improvements in immunotherapeutic strategies, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment remains a major obstacle for the induction of efficient antitumor responses. In this study, we show that local delivery of a bispecific Clec9A-PD-L1 targeted type I interferon (AcTaferon, AFN) overcomes this hurdle by reshaping the tumor immune landscape. Treatment with the bispecific AFN resulted in the presence of pro-immunogenic tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils, increased motility and maturation profile of cDC1 and presence of inflammatory cDC2. Moreover, we report empowered diversity in the CD8 + T cell repertoire and induction of a shift from naive, dysfunctional CD8 + T cells towards effector, plastic cytotoxic T lymphocytes together with increased presence of NK and NKT cells as well as decreased regulatory T cell levels. These dynamic changes were associated with potent antitumor activity. Tumor clearance and immunological memory, therapeutic immunity on large established tumors and blunted tumor growth at distant sites were obtained upon co-administration of a non-curative dose of chemotherapy. Overall, this study illuminates further application of type I interferon as a safe and efficient way to reshape the suppressive tumor microenvironment and induce potent antitumor immunity; features which are of major importance in overcoming the development of metastases and tumor cell resistance to immune attack. The strategy described here has potential for application across to a broad range of cancer types.
Reactive Oxygen Species Modulator 1 Plays an Obligate Role in Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy
Authors: Matthew D. Martens, Claudia D. Holody, Lisa Wells, Heidi L. Silver, Daniela Y. Morales-Llamas, William W. Du, Courtney Reeks, Mostafa Khairy, Huachen Chen, Mourad Ferdaoussi, Stephane L. Bourque, Burton B. Yang, John R. Ussher, Hélène Lemieux, Gavin Y. Oudit, Robert A. Screaton, Jason R.B. Dyck
Journal: Circulation Research (2023)