tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardio-Oncology Rehabilitation Programs—The Next Phase in Improving Care for Cancer Survivors
Authors: Nausheen Akhter, Susan Dent
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Concordance of a High Lipoprotein(a) Concentration Among Relatives
Authors: Laurens F. Reeskamp, Tycho R. Tromp, Aniruddh P. Patel, Shirin Ibrahim, Mark Trinder, Sara Haidermota, G. Kees Hovingh, Erik S. G. Stroes, Pradeep Natarajan, Amit V. Khera
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Importance Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) concentrations are a highly heritable and potential causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Recent consensus statements by the European Atherosclerosis Society and American Heart Association recommend screening of relatives of individuals with high Lp(a) concentrations, but the expected yield of this approach has not been quantified in large populations. Objective To measure the prevalence of high Lp(a) concentrations among first- and second-degree relatives of individuals with high Lp(a) concentrations compared with unrelated participants. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cross-sectional analysis, pairs of first-degree (n = 19 899) and second-degree (n = 9715) relatives with measured Lp(a) levels from the UK Biobank study and random pairs of unrelated individuals (n = 184 764) were compared. Data for this study were collected from March 2006 to August 2010 and analyzed from December 2021 to August 2023. Exposure Serum Lp(a) levels, with a high Lp(a) level defined as at least 125 nmol/L. Main Outcome and Measure Concordance of clinically relevant high Lp(a) levels in first- and second-degree relatives of index participants with high Lp(a) levels. Results A total of 52 418 participants were included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 57.3 [8.0] years; 29 825 [56.9%] women). Levels of Lp(a) were correlated among pairs of first-degree (Spearman ρ = 0.45; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) and second-degree (Spearman ρ = 0.22; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) relatives. A total of 1607 of 3420 (47.0% [95% CI, 45.3%-48.7%]) first-degree and 514 of 1614 (31.8% [95% CI, 29.6%-34.2%]) second-degree relatives of index participants with high Lp(a) levels also had elevated concentrations compared with 4974 of 30 258 (16.4% [95% CI, 16.0%-16.9%]) pairs of unrelated individuals. The concordance in high Lp(a) levels was generally consistent among subgroups (eg, those with prior ASCVD, postmenopausal women, and statin users). The odds ratios for relatives to have high Lp(a) levels if their index relative had a high Lp(a) level compared with those whose index relatives did not have high Lp(a) levels were 7.4 (95% CI, 6.8-8.1) for first-degree relatives and 3.0 (95% CI, 2.7-3.4) for second-degree relatives. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that the yield of cascade screening of first-degree relatives of individuals with high Lp(a) levels is over 40%. These findings support recent recommendations to use this approach to identify additional individuals at ASCVD risk based on Lp(a) concentrations.
Mitochondrial Respiration and Exercise Performance in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction—Reply
Authors: Anthony J. A. Molina, Erich Gnaiger, Dalane W. Kitzman
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Hiatal Hernia Repair With Tension-Free Mesh or Crural Sutures Alone in Antireflux Surgery
Authors: Apostolos Analatos, Bengt S. Håkanson, Christoph Ansorge, Mats Lindblad, Lars Lundell, Anders Thorell
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Antireflux surgery is an effective treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), but the durability of concomitant hiatal hernia repair remains challenging. Previous research reported that the use of a mesh-reinforced, tension-free technique was associated with more dysphagia for solid foods after 3 years without reducing hiatal hernia recurrence rates compared with crural sutures alone, but the long-term effects of this technique have not been assessed.
Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Diversity Among Academic Surgical Leaders in the US
Authors: Yoshiko Iwai, Alice Yunzi L. Yu, Nikki C. Daniels, Ritika Manik, Samantha M. Thomas, Ranjan Sudan, Georgia M. Beasley, Oluwadamilola M. Fayanju
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Surgical department chairs remain conspicuously nondiverse despite the recognized importance of diverse physician workforces. However, the extent of diversity among non-chair leadership remains underexplored.
End Points and Statistical Analyses in a Trial of Transfascial Fixation for Open Retromuscular Ventral Hernia Repairs
Authors: Trey K. Nettles, Jordan D. Dimitrakoff
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
End Points and Statistical Analyses in a Trial of Transfascial Fixation for Open Retromuscular Ventral Hernia Repairs—Reply
Authors: Ryan C. Ellis, Chao Tu, Michael J. Rosen
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
High-throughput identification of Toxoplasma gondii effector proteins that target host cell transcription
Authors: Simon Butterworth, Kristina Kordova, Sambamurthy Chandrasekaran, Kaitlin K. Thomas, Francesca Torelli, Eloise J. Lockyer, Amelia Edwards, Robert Goldstone, Anita A. Koshy, Moritz Treeck
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2023)

Intracellular pathogens and other endosymbionts reprogram host cell transcription to suppress immune responses and recalibrate biosynthetic pathways. This reprogramming is critical in determining the outcome of infection or colonization. We combine pooled CRISPR knockout screening with dual host-microbe single-cell RNA sequencing, a method we term dual perturb-seq, to identify the molecular mediators of these transcriptional interactions. Applying dual perturb-seq to the intracellular pathogen Toxoplasma gondii, we are able to identify previously uncharacterized effector proteins and directly infer their function from the transcriptomic data. We show that TgGRA59 contributes to the export of other effector proteins from the parasite into the host cell and identify an effector, TgSOS1, that is necessary for sustained host STAT6 signaling and thereby contributes to parasite immune evasion and persistence. Together, this work demonstrates a tool that can be broadly adapted to interrogate host-microbe transcriptional interactions and reveal mechanisms of infection and immune evasion.
Generation of Aerosols by Noninvasive Respiratory Support Modalities
Authors: Madeline X. Zhang, Thijs A. Lilien, Faridi S. van Etten-Jamaludin, Carl-Johan Fraenkel, Daniel Bonn, Alexander P. J. Vlaar, Jakob Löndahl, Michael Klompas, Reinout A. Bem
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Infection control guidelines have historically classified high-flow nasal oxygen and noninvasive ventilation as aerosol-generating procedures that require specialized infection prevention and control measures. Objective To evaluate the current evidence that high-flow nasal oxygen and noninvasive ventilation are associated with pathogen-laden aerosols and aerosol generation. Data Sources A systematic search of EMBASE and PubMed/MEDLINE up to March 15, 2023, and CINAHL and ClinicalTrials.gov up to August 1, 2023, was performed. Study Selection Observational and (quasi-)experimental studies of patients or healthy volunteers supported with high-flow nasal oxygen or noninvasive ventilation were selected. Data Extraction and Synthesis Three reviewers were involved in independent study screening, assessment of risk of bias, and data extraction. Data from observational studies were pooled using a random-effects model at both sample and patient levels. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the influence of model choice. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were the detection of pathogens in air samples and the quantity of aerosol particles. Results Twenty-four studies were included, of which 12 involved measurements in patients and 15 in healthy volunteers. Five observational studies on SARS-CoV-2 detection in a total of 212 air samples during high-flow nasal oxygen in 152 patients with COVID-19 were pooled for meta-analysis. There was no association between high-flow nasal oxygen and pathogen-laden aerosols (odds ratios for positive samples, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.15-3.55] at the sample level and 0.80 [95% CI, 0.14-4.59] at the patient level). Two studies assessed SARS-CoV-2 detection during noninvasive ventilation (84 air samples from 72 patients). There was no association between noninvasive ventilation and pathogen-laden aerosols (odds ratios for positive samples, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.03-4.63] at the sample level and 0.43 [95% CI, 0.01-27.12] at the patient level). None of the studies in healthy volunteers reported clinically relevant increases in aerosol particle production by high-flow nasal oxygen or noninvasive ventilation. Conclusions and Relevance This systematic review and meta-analysis found no association between high-flow nasal oxygen or noninvasive ventilation and increased airborne pathogen detection or aerosol generation. These findings argue against classifying high-flow nasal oxygen or noninvasive ventilation as aerosol-generating procedures or differentiating infection prevention and control practices for patients receiving these modalities.
Severe Oral Mucositis After Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Austin J. Iovoli, Lauren Turecki, Michelle L. Qiu, Michael Khan, Kelsey Smith, Han Yu, Sung Jun Ma, Mark K. Farrugia, Anurag K. Singh
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Oral mucositis (OM) is a common and debilitating adverse effect observed in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) receiving radiation therapy (RT). Previous studies examining associations between OM and clinical outcomes were performed in the era of 3-dimensional conformal RT planning with low rates of concurrent chemotherapy, and thus may not reflect current practice.To prospectively assess patient-reported OM and identify its associations with clinical outcomes and quality of life.This cohort study performed at a single institution included 702 consecutive patients who underwent definitive or adjuvant intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) for primary HNC from February 9, 2015, to May 27, 2022. Data were analyzed from November 28, 2022, to August 18, 2023.Severity of OM was assessed based on highest reported mouth and throat soreness (MTS) score during radiotherapy according to the Oral Mucositis Weekly Questionnaire-Head and Neck Cancer survey, which was administered weekly during IMRT. Linear mixed models were used to compare mean MTS scores grouped by disease site and chemotherapy regimen. Fisher exact tests and 1-way analysis of variance tests were performed to identify associations between severity of OM and clinical outcomes.Among 576 eligible patients, the median age was 62.5 (IQR, 56.3-69.1) years, and 451 patients (78.3%) were men. In terms of race and ethnicity, 6 patients (1.0%) were American Indian or Alaska Native; 2 (0.3%), Asian; 31 (5.4%), Black; 8 (1.4%), Hispanic or Latino; 509 (88.4%), White; and 28 (4.9%), unknown. The most common treatment site was oropharynx (268 [46.5%]), and most patients received concurrent chemotherapy (464 [80.6%]). By the end of treatment, 360 patients (62.5%) developed severe OM and 568 (98.6%) developed some degree of OM. Linear mixed models found no significant differences in OM between HNC disease sites. Groups with greater highest severity of OM reported had higher rates of measured outcomes (listed respectively by MTS score 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4): feeding tube placement (0%, 3.6% [2 of 56], 6.6% [10 of 152], 14.7% [40 of 272], and 21.6% [19 of 88]; P = .001), hospitalization (12.5% [1 of 8], 10.7% [6 of 56], 15.1% [23 of 152], 23.9% [65 of 272], and 28.4% [25 of 88]; P = .02), opiate use (0%, 19.6% [11 of 56], 42.8%[65 of 152], 61.4% [167 of 272], and 64.8% [57 of 88]; P < .001) and experienced greater weight loss (median, -0.7 [IQR, -1.7 to -0.4] kg; median, 3.9 [IQR, 1.1 to 6.1] kg; median, 5.0 [IQR, 2.2 to 7.7] kg; median, 4.7 [IQR, 2.1 to 7.7] kg; and median, 7.7 [IQR, 2.8 to 10.6] kg; P < .001).In this cohort study of patients with HNC, 62.5% developed severe OM. Higher severity of OM was associated with feeding tube placement, hospitalization, opiate use, and weight loss. Improvements in OM prevention and management are needed.
Gorham-Stout Syndrome: A Case of a 7-Year-Old Girl with Massive Osteolysis and Chylothorax
Authors: Tingting Yang, Lingjun Liu
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

"Gorham-Stout Syndrome: A Case of a 7-Year-Old Girl with Massive Osteolysis and Chylothorax." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
The BRD4–NUT Fusion Alone Drives Malignant Transformation of NUT Carcinoma
Authors: R. Taylor Durall, Julianna Huang, Luke Wojenski, Yeying Huang, Prafulla C. Gokhale, Brittaney A. Leeper, Joshua O. Nash, Pedro L. Ballester, Scott Davidson, Adam Shlien, Emmanuel Sotirakis, Fabien Bertaux, Vincent Dubus, Jia Luo, Catherine J. Wu, Derin B. Keskin, Kyle P. Eagen, Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Christopher A. French
Journal: Cancer Research (2023)

Abstract NUT carcinoma (NC) is an aggressive squamous carcinoma defined by the BRD4–NUT fusion oncoprotein. Routinely effective systemic treatments are unavailable for most NC patients. The lack of an adequate animal model precludes identifying and leveraging cell-extrinsic factors therapeutically in NC. Here, we created a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of NC that forms a Brd4::NUTM1 fusion gene upon tamoxifen induction of Sox2-driven Cre. The model displayed complete disease penetrance, with tumors arising from the squamous epithelium weeks after induction and all mice succumbing to the disease shortly thereafter. Closely resembling human NC (hNC), GEMM tumors (mNC) were poorly differentiated squamous carcinomas with high expression of MYC that metastasized to solid organs and regional lymph nodes. Two GEMM-derived cell lines were developed whose transcriptomic and epigenetic landscapes harbored key features of primary GEMM tumors. Importantly, GEMM tumor and cell line transcriptomes co-classified with those of human NC. BRD4–NUT also blocked differentiation and maintained the growth of mNC as in hNC. Mechanistically, GEMM primary tumors and cell lines formed large histone H3K27ac-enriched domains, termed megadomains, that were invariably associated with the expression of key NC-defining proto-oncogenes, Myc and Trp63. Small-molecule BET bromodomain inhibition (BETi) of mNC induced differentiation and growth arrest and prolonged survival of NC GEMMs, as it does in hNC models. Overall, tumor formation in the NC GEMM is definitive evidence that BRD4–NUT alone can potently drive the malignant transformation of squamous progenitor cells into NC. Significance: The development of an immunocompetent model of NUT carcinoma that closely mimics the human disease provides a valuable global resource for mechanistic and preclinical studies to improve treatment of this incurable disease.
Urinary Glyphosate, 2,4-D and DEET Biomarkers in Relation to Neurobehavioral Performance in Ecuadorian Adolescents in the ESPINA Cohort
Authors: Briana N.C. Chronister, Kun Yang, Audrey R. Yang, Tuo Lin, Xin M. Tu, Dolores Lopez-Paredes, Harvey Checkoway, Jose Suarez-Torres, Sheila Gahagan, Danilo Martinez, Dana Barr, Raeanne C. Moore, Jose R. Suarez-Lopez
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2023)

Background: Herbicides are the most used class of pesticides worldwide, and insect repellents are widely used globally. Yet, there is a dearth of studies characterizing the associations between these chemical groups and human neurobehavior. Experimental studies suggest that glyphosate and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicides can affect neurobehavior and the cholinergic and glutamatergic pathways in the brain. We aim to assess whether herbicides and insect repellents are associated with neurobehavioral performance in adolescents. Methods: We assessed 519 participants (11–17 years of age) living in agricultural communities in Ecuador. We quantified urinary concentrations of glyphosate, 2,4-D, and two N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) insect repellent metabolites [3-(diethylcarbamoyl)benzoic acid (DCBA) and 3-(ethylcarbamoyl)benzoic acid (ECBA)] using isotope-dilution mass spectrometry. We assessed neurobehavioral performance using 9 subtests across 5 domains (attention/inhibitory control, memory/learning, language, visuospatial processing, and social perception). We characterized the associations using generalized estimating equations and multiple imputation for metabolites below detection limits. Models were adjusted for demographic and anthropometric characteristics, urinary creatinine, and sexual maturation. Mediation by salivary cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, 17β-estradiol, and testosterone was assessed using structural equation modeling. Results: The mean of each neurobehavioral domain score was between 7.0 and 8.7 [standard deviation (SD) range: 2.0–2.3]. Glyphosate was detected in 98.3% of participants, 2,4-D in 66.2%, DCBA in 63.3%, and ECBA in 33.4%. 2,4-D was negatively associated with all neurobehavioral domains, but statistically significant associations were observed with attention/inhibition [score difference per 50% higher metabolite concentration (β)=−0.19 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.31, −0.07], language [β=−0.12 (95% CI: −0.23, −0.01)], and memory/learning [β=−0.11 (95% CI: −0.22, 0.01)]. Glyphosate had a statistically significant negative association only with social perception [β=−0.08 (95% CI: −0.14, −0.01)]. DEET metabolites were not associated with neurobehavioral performance. Mediation by gender and adrenal hormones was not observed. Conclusion: This study describes worse neurobehavioral performance associated with herbicide exposures in adolescents, particularly with 2,4-D. Replication of these findings among other pediatric and adult populations is needed. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11383
CAR T-cell Availability for Multiple Myeloma Improving but Still Limited
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2023)

A 2022 survey found that only about 25% of patients with multiple myeloma who were waiting for CAR T-cell therapy received the treatment. Manufacturing bottlenecks, such as shortages of viral vectors, limited supply. New approaches for manufacturing and testing the cells could improve their availability, but demand could also soar if they are approved for earlier use in treatment regimens.