Global, regional, and national burden of meningitis and its aetiologies, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Han Yong Wunrow, Rose G Bender, Avina Vongpradith, Sarah Brooke Sirota, Lucien R Swetschinski, Amanda Novotney, Authia P Gray, Kevin S Ikuta, Fablina Sharara, Eve E Wool, Amirali Aali, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Ashkan Abdollahi, Jeza Muhamad Abdul Aziz, Hassan Abidi, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Lawan Hassan Adamu, Tigist Demssew Adane, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Oyelola A Adegboye, Tayo Alex Adekiya, Mohammad Adnan, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Saira Afzal, Shahin Aghamiri, Zahra Babaei Aghdam, Antonella Agodi, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Aqeel Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Mohadese Ahmadzade, Ali Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Jivan Qasim Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh Ahmed, Karolina Akinosoglou, Addis Aklilu, Maxwell Akonde, Fares Alahdab, Tareq Mohammed Ali AL-Ahdal, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Ahmed Hassan Albelbeisi, Tsegaye Begashaw B Alemayehu, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Ayman Al-Eyadhy, Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi, Abid Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Liaqat Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Yousef Alimohamadi, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Sami Almustanyir, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi, Hany Aly, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Robert Ancuceanu, Adnan Ansar, Golnoosh Ansari, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Aleksandr Y Aravkin, Demelash Areda, Anton A Artamonov, Judie Arulappan, Raphael Taiwo Aruleba, Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Kendalem Asmare Atalell, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Daniel Atlaw, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout, Sameh Attia, Tewachew Awoke, Melese Kitu Ayalew, Tegegn Mulatu Ayana, Alemu Degu Ayele, Sina Azadnajafabad, Khalil Azizian, Muhammad Badar, Ashish D Badiye, Nayereh Baghcheghi, Mahboube Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Saeed Bahadory, Atif Amin Baig, Aleksandra Barac, Shirin Barati, Mainak Bardhan, Zarrin Basharat, Azadeh Bashiri, Buddha Basnyat, Quique Bassat, Saurav Basu, Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn, Neeraj Bedi, Amir Hossein Behnoush, Abebe Ayalew Bekel, Melaku Ashagrie Belete, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Bello, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Dinesh Bhandari, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Ajay Nagesh Bhat, Ali Bijani, Niloufar Bineshfar, Archith Boloor, Souad Bouaoud, Danilo Buonsenso, Katrin Burkart, Luis Alberto Cámera, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Achille Cernigliaro, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Patrick R Ching, Hitesh Chopra, Sonali Gajanan Choudhari, Devasahayam J Christopher, Dinh-Toi Chu, Rosa A S Couto, Natália Cruz-Martins, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Saswati Das, Nihar Ranjan Dash, Mohsen Dashti, Fernando Pio De la Hoz, Sisay Abebe Debela, Demeke Dejen, Hiwot Dejene, Dessalegn Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Demeke, Berecha Hundessa Demessa, Andreas K Demetriades, Solomon Demissie, Diriba Dereje, Emina Dervišević, Hardik Dineshbhai Desai, Anteneh Mengist Dessie, Fikreab Desta, Kuldeep Dhama, Shirin Djalalinia, Thanh Chi Do, Masoud Dodangeh, Milad Dodangeh, Regina-Mae Villanueva Dominguez, Deepa Dongarwar, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye, Arkadiusz Marian Dziedzic, Martin Herbas Ekat, Michael Ekholuenetale, Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Hassan El-Abid, Muhammed Elhadi, Victor Gabriel El-Hajj, Waseem El-Huneidi, Amro A El-Sakka, Hawi Leul Esayas, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Shahab Falahi, Jawad Fares, Ali Fatehizadeh, Syeda Anum Fatima Fatima, Nicholas A Feasey, Ginenus Fekadu, Getahun Fetensa, Desalegn Feyissa, Florian Fischer, Behzad Foroutan, Peter Andras Gaal, Muktar A Gadanya, Abduzhappar Gaipov, Balasankar Ganesan, Mesfin Gebrehiwot, Kahsu Gebrekirstos Gebrekidan, Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel, Getachew Muluye Gedef, Yibeltal Yismaw Gela, Urge Gerema, Bradford D Gessner, Motuma Erena Getachew, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Kazem Ghaffari, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Reza Ghanbari, Ramy Mohamed Mohmaed Ghazy, Ghozali Ghozali, Admasu Belay AB Gizaw, Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova, Mohamad Goldust, Mahaveer Golechha, Habtamu Alganeh Guadie, Rashid Abdi Guled, Mohak Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Najah R Hadi, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Sebastian Haller, Samer Hamidi, Shafiul Haque, Harapan Harapan, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Ikramul Hasan, Hamidreza Hasani, Mohammad Hasanian, Hadi Hassankhani, Mohammed Bheser Hassen, Khezar Hayat, Mohammad Heidari, Mahsa Heidari-Foroozan, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Kamal Hezam, Ramesh Holla, Nobuyuki Horita, Md Mahbub Hossain, Mohammad-Salar Hosseini, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Sorin Hostiuc, Salman Hussain, Nawfal R Hussein, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Mohammad Tarique Imam, Kenneth Chukwuemeka Iregbu, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Chidozie C D Iwu, Chinwe Jaja, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Elham Jamshidi, Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani, Javad Javidnia, Mohammad Jokar, Nabi Jomehzadeh, Nitin Joseph, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Zubair Kabir, Laleh R Kalankesh, Rohollah Kalhor, Vineet Kumar Kamal, Himal Kandel, Ibraheem M Karaye, André Karch, Hanie Karimi, Harkiran Kaur, Navjot Kaur, Mohammad Keykhaei, Himanshu Khajuria, Amirmohammad Khalaji, Ajmal Khan, Imteyaz A Khan, Maseer Khan, Taimoor Khan, Khaled Khatab, Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani, Jagdish Khubchandani, Min Seo Kim, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Farzad Kompani, Hamid Reza Koohestani, Nikhil Kothari, Kewal Krishan, Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy, Mukhtar Kulimbet, Manoj Kumar, Senthil D Kumaran, Ambily Kuttikkattu, Alexander Kwarteng, Tri Laksono, Iván Landires, Dennis Odai Laryea, Basira Kankia Lawal, Thao Thi Thu Le, Caterina Ledda, Sang-woong Lee, Seung Lee, Gebretsadik Kiros Lema, Miriam Levi, Stephen S Lim, Xuefeng Liu, Graciliana Lopes, Ricardo Lutzky Saute, Pedro Henrique Machado Teixeira, Ata Mahmoodpoor, Mansour Adam Mahmoud, Elaheh Malakan Rad, Kashish Malhotra, Ahmad Azam Malik, Bernardo Alfonso Martinez-Guerra, Miquel Martorell, Vasundhara Mathur, Mahsa Mayeli, John Robert Carabeo Medina, Addisu Melese, Ziad A Memish, Alexios-Fotios A Mentis, Muayad Aghali Merza, Tomislav Mestrovic, Irmina Maria Michalek, Le Huu Nhat Minh, Alireza Mirahmadi, Omid Mirmosayyeb, Awoke Misganaw, Arup Kumar Misra, Javad Moghadasi, Nouh Saad Mohamed, Yousef Mohammad, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Shafiu Mohammed, Maryam Mojarrad Sani, Hoda Mojiri-forushani, Ali H Mokdad, Sara Momtazmanesh, Lorenzo Monasta, Mohammad Ali Moni, Elias Mossialos, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Majid Motaghinejad, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Sumaira Mubarik, Lorenzo Muccioli, Jibran Sualeh Muhammad, Francesk Mulita, Temesgen Mulugeta, Efrén Murillo-Zamora, Ghulam Mustafa, Saravanan Muthupandian, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Firzan Nainu, Tapas Sadasivan Nair, Shumaila Nargus, Hasan Nassereldine, Zuhair S Natto, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Hien Quang Nguyen, Phat Tuan Nguyen, Van Thanh Nguyen, Robina Khan Niazi, Nafise Noroozi, Hasti Nouraei, Virginia Nuñez-Samudio, Khan M Nuruzzaman, Vincent Ebuka Nwatah, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam, Bogdan Oancea, Rahman Md Obaidur, Ismail A Odetokun, Ropo Ebenezer Ogunsakin, Osaretin Christabel Okonji, Andrew T Olagunju, Latera Tesfaye Olana, Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa, Yinka Doris Oluwafemi, Kemal Sherefa Oumer, Amel Ouyahia, Mahesh P A, Keyvan Pakshir, Padmavali Nanaji Palange, Shahina Pardhan, Romil R Parikh, Jay Patel, Urvish K Patel, Shankargouda Patil, Uttam Paudel, Shrikant Pawar, Umberto Pensato, João Perdigão, Marcos Pereira, Mario F P Peres, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Marina Pinheiro, Zahra Zahid Piracha, Nayanum Pokhrel, Maarten J Postma, Elton Junio Sady Prates, Ibrahim Qattea, Pankaja Raghav Raghav, Leila Rahbarnia, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Vahid Rahmanian, Niloufar Rahnavard, Hazem Ramadan, Premkumar Ramasubramani, Usha Rani, Indu Ramachandra Rao, Deepthi Rapaka, Zubair Ahmed Ratan, Salman Rawaf, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan, Robert C Reiner Jr, Nazila Rezaei, Abanoub Riad, Tércia Moreira Ribeiro da Silva, Tamalee Roberts, Gisela Robles Aguilar, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Victor Daniel Rosenthal, Basema Saddik, Saeid Sadeghian, Umar Saeed, Azam Safary, Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Monalisha Sahu, Seyed Aidin Sajedi, Morteza Saki, Saina Salahi, Sarvenaz Salahi, Mohamed A Saleh, Malik Sallam, Sara Samadzadeh, Abdallah M Samy, Rama Krishna Sanjeev, Maheswar Satpathy, Allen Seylani, Abubakar Sha'aban, Mahan Shafie, Pritik A Shah, Shayan Shahrokhi, Kiana Shahzamani, Masood Ali Shaikh, Sunder Sham, Mohammed Shannawaz, Aziz Sheikh, Suchitra M Shenoy, Pavanchand H Shetty, Jae Il Shin, Fereshteh Shokri, Seyed Afshin Shorofi, Sunil Shrestha, Migbar Mekonnen Sibhat, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva, Harpreet Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Surjit Singh, Robert Sinto, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Bogdan Socea, Anton Sokhan, Ranjan Solanki, Yonatan Solomon, Prashant Sood, Sergey Soshnikov, Andy Stergachis, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Abida Sultana, Sree Sudha T Y, Ensiyeh Taheri, Elahe Taki, Jacques JL Lukenze Tamuzi, Ker-Kan Tan, Nathan Y Tat, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Dufera Rikitu Terefa, Pugazhenthan Thangaraju, Nigusie Selomon Tibebu, Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu, Tala Tillawi, Marius Belmondo Tincho, Imad I Tleyjeh, Razie Toghroli, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Derara Girma Tufa, Paul Turner, Irfan Ullah, Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Seyed Mohammad Vahabi, Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan, Rohollah Valizadeh, Shoban Babu Varthya, Theo Vos, Yasir Waheed, Mandaras Tariku Walde, Cong Wang, Kosala Gayan Weerakoon, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Melat Woldemariam, Nahom Alemseged Worku, Claire Wright, Dereje Y Yada, Sajad Yaghoubi, Gahin Abdulraheem Tayib Yahya Yahya, Chalachew Yenew Yenew Yenew, Metin Yesiltepe, Siyan Yi, Vahit Yiğit, Yuyi You, Hadiza Yusuf, Fathiah Zakham, Muhammad Zaman, Sojib Bin Zaman, Iman Zare, Zahra Zareshahrabadi, Armin Zarrintan, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Haijun Zhang, Jingya Zhang, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Peng Zheng, Mohammad Zoladl, Alimuddin Zumla, Simon I Hay, Christopher J L Murray, Mohsen Naghavi, Hmwe Hmwe Kyu
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2023)

Although meningitis is largely preventable, it still causes hundreds of thousands of deaths globally each year. WHO set ambitious goals to reduce meningitis cases by 2030, and assessing trends in the global meningitis burden can help track progress and identify gaps in achieving these goals. Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we aimed to assess incident cases and deaths due to acute infectious meningitis by aetiology and age from 1990 to 2019, for 204 countries and territories.