tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism
Authors: Marvin L. Mitchell, P. Reed Larsen, Harvey L. Levy, Ann J. E. Bennett, Morton A. Madoff
Journal: JAMA (1978)

During the first year of operation, the New England Regional Hypothyroidism Screening Program determined the concentration of thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>) levels in dried blood on filter paper from 129,028 infants born in Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island. Specimens from approximately 3,800 neonates were found to have levels of T<sub>4</sub>below the lower limit of normal (&lt;6.0 μg/dl) and were assayed for thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) content. Levels of TSH were elevated (&gt;20 μU/ml) in 31 infants, 23 of whom eventually proved to have unequivocal hypothyroidism. Based on these figures and including two hypothyroid infants who were not tested, the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in the New England region is approximately 1:5,200 births. The estimation of T<sub>4</sub>values supplemented by measurement of TSH values on specimens with low T<sub>4</sub>values has proved to be a satisfactory approach to large-scale screening for congenital hypothyroidism. (<i>JAMA</i>239:2348-2351, 1978)
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Authors: James W. Hanson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Forty-one patients with the fetal alcohol syndrome, including 11 whose cases were previously reported, were studied. These children have a pattern of defects including prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency, small head size with mental subnormality, and facial abnormalities allowing for recognition of the disorder in infancy. The same pattern of abnormalities has been independently reported from France in a series of 127 offspring of chronic alcoholics. (<i>JAMA</i>235:1458-1460, 1976)
Septicemic Melioidosis
Authors: Philip A. Mackowiak
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Septicemic melioidosis in association with acute influenza A was diagnosed in a Vietnam veteran. The case illustrates that activation of melioidosis can occur long after exposure to a known endemic area and may be precipitated by infections with other common pathogens. Hence, physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion of melioidosis when dealing with unexplained sepsis in Vietnam veterans. Prolonged therapy with appropriate antimicrobial agents is needed to eradicate this infection. (<i>JAMA</i>240:764-766, 1978)
Facts, Truths, and Poetry in Medical Education
Authors: Rafael Campo
Journal: JAMA (2023)

At this point, I know too much and not enough.My frontal cortex honed to pick up each shard of esoterica and make familiar their sharp practicality.My internal capsule tense with well-traversed circuits, stymieing tremors as I suture close the gap between each line and stitch.And yet, everyday I find myself led from answer to question.Like the other day, when someone asked for my poetic take on viruses, and I had to deeply unlearn, revert back a few years to find that negative capability.Or when, across the ocean, my grandpa was dying and I was useful and useless, I was adult and child, I finally remembered how to be human.
Cefepime/Enmetazobactam vs Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Complicated Urinary Tract Infection or Acute Pyelonephritis—Reply
Authors: Keith S. Kaye, Adam Belley, Patrick Velicitat
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Payment, Priorities, and Primary Care
Authors: Dhruv Khullar
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Trends in incidence of youth-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the USA, 2002–18: results from the population-based SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study
Authors: Lynne E Wagenknecht, Jean M Lawrence, Scott Isom, Elizabeth T Jensen, Dana Dabelea, Angela D Liese, Lawrence M Dolan, Amy S Shah, Anna Bellatorre, Katherine Sauder, Santica Marcovina, Kristi Reynolds, Catherine Pihoker, Giuseppina Imperatore, Jasmin Divers
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2023)
HIV incidence and mortality in transgender women in the eastern and southern USA: a multisite cohort study
Authors: Andrea L Wirtz, Elizabeth Humes, Keri N Althoff, Tonia C Poteat, Asa Radix, Kenneth H Mayer, Jason S Schneider, J Sonya Haw, Andrew J Wawrzyniak, Christopher M Cannon, Meg Stevenson, Erin E Cooney, Dee Adams, James Case, Chris Beyrer, Oliver Laeyendecker, Allan E Rodriguez, Sari L Reisner
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2023)
Adhesive Hydrogel Patch‐Mediated Combination Drug Therapy Induces Regenerative Wound Healing through Reconstruction of Regenerative Microenvironment
Authors: Soung‐Hoon Lee, Soohwan An, Yeong Chan Ryu, Seol Hwa Seo, Sohyun Park, Mi Jeong Lee, Seung‐Woo Cho, Kang‐Yell Choi
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Regenerative wound healing involves the scarless wound healing as observed in fetal skin. Multiple features of regenerative wound healing have been well studied; however, the practical application of pro-regenerative materials to recapitulate the regenerative wound healing in adult skins has not yet been achieved. In this study, the authors identified that their novel pro-regenerative material, pyrogallol-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA-PG) patches in combination with protein transduction domain-fused Dishevelled (Dvl)-binding motif (PTD-DBM), a peptide inhibiting the CXXC-type zinc finger protein 5 (CXXC5)-Dvl interaction, promoted regenerative wound healing in mice. The HA-PG patches loaded with this competitor peptide and valproic acid (VPA), a glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) inhibitor, significantly inhibited scar formation during wound healing. The HA-PG patches with PTD-DBM and/or VPA inhibit the expression of differentiated cell markers such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) while inducing the expression of stem cell markers such as CD105 and Nestin. Moreover, Collagen III, an important factor for regenerative healing, is critically induced by the HA-PG patches with PTD-DBM and/or VPA, as also seen in VPA-treated Cxxc5-/- mouse fibroblasts. Overall, these findings suggest that the novel regeneration-promoting material can be utilized as a potential therapeutic agent to promote both wound healing and scar attenuation.
Tailored immunotherapy approach with nivolumab with or without ipilimumab in patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma after platinum-based chemotherapy (TITAN-TCC): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial
Authors: Marc-Oliver Grimm, Christine Barbara Grün, Günter Niegisch, Martin Pichler, Florian Roghmann, Bernd Schmitz-Dräger, Gustavo Baretton, Marc Schmitz, Christian Bolenz, Susan Foller, Katharina Leucht, Ulrike Schumacher, Martin Schostak, Johannes Meran, Wolfgang Loidl, Friedemann Zengerling
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2023)
Efficacy and safety of garadacimab, a factor XIIa inhibitor for hereditary angioedema prevention (VANGUARD): a global, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
Authors: Timothy J Craig, Avner Reshef, H Henry Li, Joshua S Jacobs, Jonathan A Bernstein, Henriette Farkas, William H Yang, Erik S G Stroes, Isao Ohsawa, Raffi Tachdjian, Michael E Manning, William R Lumry, Inmaculada Martinez Saguer, Emel Aygören-Pürsün, Bruce Ritchie, Gordon L Sussman, John Anderson, Kimito Kawahata, Yusuke Suzuki, Petra Staubach, Regina Treudler, Henrike Feuersenger, Fiona Glassman, Iris Jacobs, Markus Magerl
Journal: The Lancet (2023)
Astrocyte Endfeet in Brain Function and Pathology: Open Questions
Authors: Blanca Díaz-Castro, Stefanie Robel, Anusha Mishra
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2023)

Astrocyte endfeet enwrap the entire vascular tree within the central nervous system, where they perform important functions in regulating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), cerebral blood flow, nutrient uptake, and waste clearance. Accordingly, astrocyte endfeet contain specialized organelles and proteins, including local protein translation machinery and highly organized scaffold proteins, which anchor channels, transporters, receptors, and enzymes critical for astrocyte-vascular interactions. Many neurological diseases are characterized by the loss of polarization of specific endfoot proteins, vascular dysregulation, BBB disruption, altered waste clearance, or, in extreme cases, loss of endfoot coverage. A role for astrocyte endfeet has been demonstrated or postulated in many of these conditions. This review provides an overview of the development, composition, function, and pathological changes of astrocyte endfeet and highlights the gaps in our knowledge that future research should address.
Comments on: “Long-term outcomes of peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis”
Authors: Han Zhang, Yan Peng, Xiaowei Tang
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

See also: Long-term outcomes of peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia: a systematic review and meta-analysisEndoscopy 2023; 55(02): 167-175DOI: 10.1055/a-1894-0147 See also: Reply to Zhang et al.Endoscopy 2023; 55(03): 298-298DOI: 10.1055/a-1931-4364
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Refugees
Authors: Richard A. Bryant, Angela Nickerson, Naser Morina, Belinda Liddell
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2023)

The number of refugees and internally displaced people in 2022 is the largest since World War II, and meta-analyses demonstrate that these people experience elevated rates of mental health problems. This review focuses on the role of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in refugee mental health and includes current knowledge of the prevalence of PTSD, risk factors, and apparent differences that exist between PTSD in refugee populations and PTSD in other populations. An emerging literature on understanding mechanisms of PTSD encompasses neural, cognitive, and social processes, which indicate that these factors may not function exactly as they have functioned previously in other PTSD populations. This review recognizes the numerous debates in the literature on PTSD in refugees, including those on such issues as the conceptualization of mental health and the applicability of the PTSD diagnosis across cultures, as well as the challenge of treating PTSD in low- and middle-income countries that lack mental health resources to offer standard PTSD treatments.
Endoscopic drainage and necrosectomy for inoperable gangrenous cholecystitis
Authors: Beatrice Orlandini, Freek Daams, Paul Fockens, Rogier P. Voermans, Roy L. J. van Wanrooij
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

A 56-year-old man with liver, peritoneal, and lymph node metastases after previous transthoracic esophagectomy was diagnosed with acute calculous cholecystitis. Transduodenal endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) was performed using a 10 × 10 mm cautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS). Purulent fluid was aspirated and submitted for culture, which identified Enterococcus faecium.
Circadian Rhythms and Astrocytes: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Authors: Michael H. Hastings, Marco Brancaccio, Maria F. Gonzalez-Aponte, Erik D. Herzog
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2023)

This review explores the interface between circadian timekeeping and the regulation of brain function by astrocytes. Although astrocytes regulate neuronal activity across many time domains, their cell-autonomous circadian clocks exert a particular role in controlling longer-term oscillations of brain function: the maintenance of sleep states and the circadian ordering of sleep and wakefulness. This is most evident in the central circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, where the molecular clock of astrocytes suffices to drive daily cycles of neuronal activity and behavior. In Alzheimer's disease, sleep impairments accompany cognitive decline. In mouse models of the disease, circadian disturbances accelerate astroglial activation and other brain pathologies, suggesting that daily functions in astrocytes protect neuronal homeostasis. In brain cancer, treatment in the morning has been associated with prolonged survival, and gliomas have daily rhythms in gene expression and drug sensitivity. Thus, circadian time is fast becoming critical to elucidating reciprocal astrocytic-neuronal interactions in health and disease.
Endoscopy E-Videos – recently published
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Comment on: Measuring polyp size using a virtual scale endoscope: a video tutorial with clinical case demonstrationEndoscopy 2023; 55(S 01): E145-E146DOI: 10.1055/a-1956-1714 Comment on: New image-enhanced cholangioscopy for the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinomaEndoscopy 2023; 55(S 01): E139-E140DOI: 10.1055/a-1956-0967 Comment on: A novel elastic ring for suturing colonic anastomotic fistula by colonoscopyEndoscopy 2023; 55(S 01): E155-E156DOI: 10.1055/a-1953-7096 Comment on: Endoscopic full-thickness resection with reconstruction of the rectal wallEndoscopy 2023; 55(S 01): E133-E134DOI: 10.1055/a-1948-2007
Milk-derived exosomes as a promising vehicle for oral delivery of hydrophilic biomacromolecule drugs
Authors: Yuting Li, Liyun Xing, Lingling Wang, Xi Liu, Licheng Wu, Mingjie Ni, Zhou Zhou, Lian Li, Xiuxiu Liu, Yuan Huang
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2023)

Exosomes, as promising vehicles, have been widely used in the research of oral drug delivery, but the generally low drug loading efficiency of exosomes seriously limits its application and transformation. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of drug loading methods and physicochemical properties (lipophilicity and molecular weight) on drug loading efficiency of milk-derived exosomes to explore the most appropriate loading conditions. Our finding revealed that the drug loading efficiency of exosomes was closely related to the drug loading method, drug lipophilicity, drug molecular weight and exosome/drug proportions. Of note, we demonstrated the universality that hydrophilic biomacromolecule drugs were the most appropriate loading drugs for milk-derived exosomes, which was attributed to the efficient loading capacity and sustained release behavior. Furthermore, milk-derived exosomes could significantly improve the transepithelial transport and oral bioavailability of model hydrophilic biomacromolecule drugs (octreotide, exendin-4 and salmon calcitonin). Collectively, our results suggested that the encapsulation of hydrophilic biomacromolecule drugs might be the most promising direction for milk exosomes as oral drug delivery vehicles.
First-in-class Microbial Ecosystem Therapeutic 4 (MET4) in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced solid tumors (MET4-IO trial)
Authors: A. Spreafico, A.A. Heirali, D.V. Araujo, T.J. Tan, M. Oliva, P.H.H. Schneeberger, B. Chen, M.K. Wong, L.-A. Stayner, A.R. Hansen, S.D. Saibil, B.X. Wang, K. Cochrane, K. Sherriff, E. Allen-Vercoe, W. Xu, L.L. Siu, B. Coburn
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2023)

The intestinal microbiome has been associated with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in humans and causally implicated in ICI responsiveness in animal models. Two recent human trials demonstrated that fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) from ICI responders can rescue ICI responses in refractory melanoma, but FMT has specific limitations to scaled use.We conducted an early-phase clinical trial of a cultivated, orally delivered 30-species microbial consortium (Microbial Ecosystem Therapeutic 4, MET4) designed for co-administration with ICIs as an alternative to FMT and assessed safety, tolerability and ecological responses in patients with advanced solid tumors.The trial achieved its primary safety and tolerability outcomes. There were no statistically significant differences in the primary ecological outcomes; however, differences in MET4 species relative abundance were evident after randomization that varied by patient and species. Increases in the relative abundance of several MET4 taxa, including Enterococcus and Bifidobacterium, taxa previously associated with ICI responsiveness, were observed and MET4 engraftment was associated with decreases in plasma and stool primary bile acids.This trial is the first report of the use of a microbial consortium as an alternative to FMT in advanced cancer patients receiving ICI and the results justify the further development of microbial consortia as a therapeutic co-intervention for ICI treatment in cancer.
Behaviour genetics and sleep: A narrative review of the last decade of quantitative and molecular genetic research in humans
Authors: Juan J. Madrid-Valero, Alice M. Gregory
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2023)

During the last decade quantitative and molecular genetic research on sleep has increased considerably. New behavioural genetics techniques have marked a new era for sleep research. This paper provides a summary of the most important findings from the last ten years, on the genetic and environmental influences on sleep and sleep disorders and their associations with health-related variables (including anxiety and depression) in humans. In this review we present a brief summary of the main methods in behaviour genetic research (such as twin and genome-wide association studies). We then discuss key research findings on: genetic and environmental influences on normal sleep and sleep disorders, as well as on the association between sleep and health variables (highlighting a substantial role for genes in individual differences in sleep and their associations with other variables). We end by discussing future lines of enquiry and drawing conclusions, including those focused on problems and misconceptions associated with research of this type. In this last decade our knowledge about genetic and environmental influences on sleep and its disorders has expanded. Both, twin and genome-wide association studies show that sleep and sleep disorders are substantially influenced by genetic factors and for the very first time multiple specific genetic variants have been associated with sleep traits and disorders.
Prevalence and risk factors of anal human papillomavirus infections among men having sex with men and transgender women in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Authors: Aude Jary, Sokleaph Cheng, Stéphane Marot, Gervillien Arnold Malonga, Théophile Cocherie, Steve Wignall, Vincent Calvez, Sophat Phal, Kem Vichet, Anne-Geneviève Marcelin, Gauthier Delvallez
Journal: Journal of Infection (2023)
Safety and incidence of COVID-19 following ChAdOx1(AZD1222) COVID-19 vaccination in Botswana
Authors: Emily Shava, Alane Izu, Tendani Gaolathe, Adam Walker, Lucy Carty, Panayiotis Georgiou, Lesego Kuate, Coulson Kgathi, Tumalano Sekoto, Ngozana Seonyatseng, Tuelo Mogashoa, Comfort Maphorisa, Terence Mohammed, Tshenolo Ntalabgwe, Tshepho T Frank, Boitumelo Matlhaku, Ame Diphoko, Thandie Phindela, Agripa Kaunda, Poloko Kgari, Thomas Kanyakula, Gape Palalani, Isabella Phakedi, Sylvia Taylor, Mompati Mmalane, Sikhulile Moyo, Joseph Makhema
Journal: Journal of Infection (2023)
The Importance of Immune Checkpoint Molecule TIGIT in AKI
Authors: Kyle H. Moore, Anupam Agarwal
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2023)

1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 2Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 3Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 4Birmingham Veterans Administration Health Care Services, Birmingham, Alabama Correspondence: Dr. Anupam Agarwal or Dr. Kyle H. Moore, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, ZRB 617, 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294. Email: [email protected] or [email protected] Published online ahead of print. Publication date available at www.jasn.org. See related article, "Immune Checkpoint Molecule TIGIT Regulates Kidney T Cell Functions and Contributes to AKI," on pages 755–771.