tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i>counteracts the deleterious effects of dietary emulsifiers on microbiota and host metabolism
Authors: Noëmie Daniel, Andrew T Gewirtz, Benoit Chassaing
Journal: Gut (2023)

Background Accumulating evidence indicates that some non-absorbed food additives, including emulsifiers carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and polysorbate 80 (P80), can negatively impact intestinal microbiota, leading to microbiota encroachment, chronic low-grade intestinal inflammation and, subsequently, promotion of metabolic dysregulations. Detrimental impacts of emulsifier consumption on gut microbiota include depletion of the health-associated mucus-fortifying bacteria, Akkermansia muciniphila . Objective Investigate, in mice, the potential of administration of exogenous A. muciniphila as a means to protect against detrimental impacts of emulsifiers. Results Daily oral administration of A. muciniphila prevented phenotypic consequences of consumption of both CMC and P80, including hyperphagia, weight gain and dysglycaemia. A. muciniphila administration also counteracted the low-grade intestinal inflammation-induced CMC and P80. Furthermore, A. muciniphila supplementation prevented the proximal impacts of CMC and P80 on gut microbiota that are thought to drive low-grade chronic inflammation and metabolic dysregulations. Specifically, A. muciniphila prevented alterations in species composition and encroachment of gut microbiota that were otherwise induced by CMC and P80. Remarkably, we finally report that CMC and P80 altered the colonic transcriptome, while A. muciniphila largely protected against these alterations. Conclusion Daily administration of A. muciniphila protects against the detrimental impact of emulsifiers on both the microbiota and host. These results support the notion that use of A. muciniphila as a probiotic can help maintain intestinal and metabolic health amidst the broad array of modern stresses that can promote chronic inflammatory diseases.
MSCs-derived apoptotic extracellular vesicles promote muscle regeneration by inducing Pannexin 1 channel-dependent creatine release by myoblasts
Authors: Qingyuan Ye, Xinyu Qiu, Jinjin Wang, Boya Xu, Yuting Su, Chenxi Zheng, Linyuan Gui, Lu Yu, Huijuan Kuang, Huan Liu, Xiaoning He, Zhiwei Ma, Qintao Wang, Yan Jin
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2023)

Abstract Severe muscle injury is hard to heal and always results in a poor prognosis. Recent studies found that extracellular vesicle-based therapy has promising prospects for regeneration medicine, however, whether extracellular vesicles have therapeutic effects on severe muscle injury is still unknown. Herein, we extracted apoptotic extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs-ApoEVs) to treat cardiotoxin induced tibialis anterior (TA) injury and found that MSCs-ApoEVs promoted muscles regeneration and increased the proportion of multinucleated cells. Besides that, we also found that apoptosis was synchronized during myoblasts fusion and MSCs-ApoEVs promoted the apoptosis ratio as well as the fusion index of myoblasts. Furthermore, we revealed that MSCs-ApoEVs increased the relative level of creatine during myoblasts fusion, which was released via activated Pannexin 1 channel. Moreover, we also found that activated Pannexin 1 channel was highly expressed on the membrane of myoblasts-derived ApoEVs (Myo-ApoEVs) instead of apoptotic myoblasts, and creatine was the pivotal metabolite involved in myoblasts fusion. Collectively, our findings firstly revealed that MSCs-ApoEVs can promote muscle regeneration and elucidated that the new function of ApoEVs as passing inter-cell messages through releasing metabolites from activated Pannexin 1 channel, which will provide new evidence for extracellular vesicles-based therapy as well as improving the understanding of new functions of extracellular vesicles.
Myelodysplastic neoplasm with isolated thrombocytopenia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura in adults: insights from a comparison of two national registries
Authors: Konstantinos Liapis, Vasileios Papadopoulos, Charalambos Pontikoglou, George Vrachiolias, Emily Stavroulaki, Alexandra Kourakli, Vasileios Lazaris, Athanasios G. Galanopoulos, Menelaos Papoutselis, Sotirios G. Papageorgiou, Panagiotis T. Diamantopoulos, Vassiliki Pappa, Nora-Athina Viniou, Dimitris Τsokanas, Theodoros P. Vassilakopoulos, Eleftheria Hatzimichael, Eleni Bouronikou, Maria Ximeri, Aekaterini Megalakaki, Panagiotis Zikos, Panayiotis Panayiotidis, Maria Dimou, Stamatis Karakatsanis, Maria Papaioannou, Stavros Papadakis, Anna Vardi, Flora Kontopidou, Nikolaos Harchalakis, Ioannis Adamopoulos, Argiris Symeonidis, Helen A. Papadaki, Ioannis Kotsianidis
Journal: Leukemia (2023)
Telemental health for clinical assessment and treatment
Authors: Dawn E Sugarman, Alisa B Busch
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Telemental health-the use of videoconferencing or audio only (telephone) in mental health care-has accelerated tremendously since the start of the covid-19 pandemic. Meta-analyses have examined the reliability (ie, concordance) of assessment and the efficacy/effectiveness of telemental health compared with in-person care. Results indicate that telemental health assessment and clinical outcomes are similar compared with in-person care but there is much unexplained variability, as well as evidence that patient clinical and demographic characteristics can influence these findings. Further, gaps exist in the literature regarding specific patient populations (eg, psychotic disorders, children/adolescents), treatment modalities (eg, group therapy), audio only telemedicine, and hybrid care that mixes in-person with telemental health care. These gaps provide important directions for the next generation of telemental health research. Comprehensive clinical guidelines from mental health organizations are available to telemental health practitioners and focus on five content themes: legal and regulatory issues, clinical considerations, standard operating procedures and protocols, technical requirements, and considerations of specific populations and settings.
Covid-19: Florida’s surgeon general used “careless” research practice in recommending against vaccination, his university finds
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Florida's surgeon general violated his university's rules against "careless, irregular, or contentious research practices" in recommending against mRNA coronavirus vaccination for males aged 18-39, according to a report by his colleagues at the University of Florida's faculty of medicine.Joseph Ladapo, who was appointed by Florida's governor Ron DeSantis, an outspoken critic of vaccines, became the only one of the country's 50 state surgeons general to contradict federal health authorities, and the overwhelming consensus of experts, by recommending last October against the mRNA vaccination of young men.He cited the risk of cardiomyopathy.
Cell‐Sized Lipid Vesicles as Artificial Antigen‐Presenting Cells for Antigen‐Specific T Cell Activation
Authors: Jui‐Yi Chen, Sudhanshu Agrawal, Hsiu‐Ping Yi, Derek Vallejo, Anshu Agrawal, Abraham P. Lee
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

In this study, efficient T cell activation is demonstrated using cell-sized artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) with protein-conjugated bilayer lipid membranes that mimic biological cell membranes. The highly uniform aAPCs are generated by a facile method based on standard droplet microfluidic devices. These aAPCs are able to activate the T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, showing a 28-fold increase in interferon gamma (IFNγ) secretion, a 233-fold increase in antigen-specific CD8 T cells expansion, and a 16-fold increase of CD4 T cell expansion. The aAPCs do not require repetitive boosting or additional stimulants and can function at a relatively low aAPC-to-T cell ratio (1:17). The research presents strong evidence that the surface fluidity and size of the aAPCs are critical to the effective formation of immune synapses essential for T cell activation. The findings demonstrate that the microfluidic-generated aAPCs can be instrumental in investigating the physiological conditions and mechanisms for T cell activation. Finally, this method demonstrates the feasibility of customizable aAPCs for a cost-effective off-the-shelf approach to immunotherapy.
Fatal and near‐fatal anaphylaxis: The <scp>Allergy‐Vigilance</scp>® Network data (2002–2020)
Authors: Guillaume Pouessel, Sabrina Alonzo, Amandine Divaret‐Chauveau, Pascale Dumond, Eléna Bradatan, Valérie Liabeuf, Pascale Beaumont, Sélina Tscheiller, Rémy Diesnis, Jean‐Marie Renaudin, Dominique Sabouraud‐Leclerc
Journal: Allergy (2023)

Having a better understanding of the risk factors of severe anaphylaxis is a crucial challenge for physicians. To retrospectively analyse fatal/near-fatal anaphylaxis cases recorded by the Allergy-Vigilance® Network (2002-2020) and evaluate the characteristics associated with survival, age and allergens. Among the 3510 anaphylaxis cases documented in the network, 70 (2%) patients (males: 57%; mean age: 35.4 y) presented grade 4 (Ring-Messmer) anaphylaxis and 25 died (19 food-related); 33% had a history of asthma. The main allergens were food (60%; peanut, 20%; milks, 11%) involved in 25/26 cases in children and in 17/44 (39%) cases in adults. Non-food anaphylaxis was related to drugs/latex (24%; neuromuscular blocking agents, 10%; betalactamins, 6%), Hymenoptera (16%). Three food-related cases (one death) occurred during oral food challenge in children. Patients with a food allergy were younger (22.2 years vs. 55 years, p < .001), had more likely a history of asthma (50% vs. 7%; p < .001), a pre-existing allergy (62% vs. 18%; p < .001) compared with other allergies. A cofactor was identified in 35 cases (50%) but predominantly in adults as opposed to children (64% vs. 27%; p = .01). The patients who died were younger (25.6 vs. 40.8 years; p = .01) than the survivors and mostly presented bronchospasm (56% vs. 29%; p = .05). Gaps in the prevention and management of anaphylaxis were noted in 15 cases (21%). Severe food anaphylaxis has specific features compared with other causes such as young age, asthma history and exercise. Food is also involved in severe anaphylaxis in adults that should not be underestimated.
Diagnosis and treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis
Authors: Beth A Choby
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Vincent Fulginiti,<sup>1</sup>in his excellent editorial, implies that the "retching febrile child who clutches his throat in pain" probably has streptococcal pharyngitis. I believe this is somewhat misleading. It has been my experience that children with viral pharyngitis, infectious mononucleosis, and postnasal drip are more apt to have presenting complaints of severe sore throat. It is not unusual for the child with streptococcal pharyngitis or scarlet fever to present with some malaise and fever, and to mention a sore throat only on being questioned about it. For the past six months, we have been using the throat swab rapid-diagnosis method for confirming the diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis. We initially ran the tests along with our previous bacitracin-disk agar plate cultures and found virtual
Central Nervous System Disease in Patients With RET Fusion-Positive NSCLC Treated With Selpercatinib
Authors: Yonina R. Murciano-Goroff, Christina J. Falcon, Sabrina T. Lin, Christina Chacko, Grace Grimaldi, Dazhi Liu, Clare Wilhelm, Alexia Iasonos, Alexander Drilon
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2023)

Central nervous system (CNS) metastases develop in nearly half of patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLCs and cause morbidity and mortality. The selective RET inhibitor selpercatinib treats existing intracranial disease, but no studies have investigated whether early initiation of selpercatinib is associated with decreased development of CNS metastases.
Efficacy and safety of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in COVID-19 management: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jiawen Deng, Daniel Rayner, Harikrishnaa B. Ramaraju, Umaima Abbas, Cristian Garcia, Kiyan Heybati, Fangwen Zhou, Emma Huang, Ye-Jean Park, Myron Moskalyk
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2023)
FOXK2 affects cancer cell response to chemotherapy by promoting nucleotide de novo synthesis
Authors: Yingge Li, Jie Chen, Bin Wang, Ziwen Xu, Ci Wu, Junfeng Ma, Qibin Song, Qing Geng, Jinming Yu, Huadong Pei, Yi Yao
Journal: Drug Resistance Updates (2023)

Nucleotide de novo synthesis is essential to cell growth and survival, and its dysregulation leads to cancers and drug resistance. However, how this pathway is dysregulated in cancer has not been well clarified. This study aimed to identify the regulatory mechanisms of nucleotide de novo synthesis and drug resistance.By combining the ChIP-Seq data from the Cistrome Data Browser, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and a luciferase-based promoter assay, we identified transcription factor FOXK2 as a regulator of nucleotide de novo synthesis. To explore the biological functions and mechanisms of FOXK2 in cancers, we conducted biochemical and cell biology assays in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we assessed the clinical significance of FOXK2 in hepatocellular carcinoma.FOXK2 directly regulates the expression of nucleotide synthetic genes, promoting tumor growth and cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy. FOXK2 is SUMOylated by PIAS4, which elicits FOXK2 nuclear translocation, binding to the promoter regions and transcription of nucleotide synthetic genes. FOXK2 SUMOylation is repressed by DNA damage, and elevated FOXK2 SUMOylation promotes nucleotide de novo synthesis which causes resistance to 5-FU in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinically, elevated expression of FOXK2 in hepatocellular carcinoma patients was associated with increased nucleotide synthetic gene expression and correlated with poor prognoses for patients.Our findings establish FOXK2 as a novel regulator of nucleotide de novo synthesis, with potentially important implications for cancer etiology and drug resistance.
Bivalent BNT162b2 mRNA original/omicron BA.4-5 booster vaccination: adverse reactions and inability to work compared with the monovalent COVID-19 booster
Authors: Isabell Wagenhäuser, Julia Reusch, Alexander Gabel, Lukas B. Krone, Oliver Kurzai, Nils Petri, Manuel Krone
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2023)
Gender inequality and self-publication are common among academic editors
Authors: Fengyuan Liu, Petter Holme, Matteo Chiesa, Bedoor AlShebli, Talal Rahwan
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2023)

Abstract Scientific editors shape the content of academic journals and set standards for their fields. Yet, the degree to which the gender makeup of editors reflects that of scientists, and the rate at which editors publish in their own journals, are not entirely understood. Here, we use algorithmic tools to infer the gender of 81,000 editors serving more than 1,000 journals and 15 disciplines over five decades. Only 26% of authors in our dataset are women, and we find even fewer women among editors (14%) and editors-in-chief (8%). Career length explains the gender gap among editors, but not editors-in-chief. Moreover, by analysing the publication records of 20,000 editors, we find that 12% publish at least one-fifth, and 6% publish at least one-third, of their papers in the journal they edit. Editors-in-chief tend to self-publish at a higher rate. Finally, compared with women, men have a higher increase in the rate at which they publish in a journal soon after becoming its editor.
De novo genome assembly and analyses of 12 founder inbred lines provide insights into maize heterosis
Authors: Baobao Wang, Mei Hou, Junpeng Shi, Lixia Ku, Wei Song, Chunhui Li, Qiang Ning, Xin Li, Changyu Li, Binbin Zhao, Ruyang Zhang, Hua Xu, Zhijing Bai, Zhanchao Xia, Hai Wang, Dexin Kong, Hongbin Wei, Yifeng Jing, Zhouyan Dai, Hu Hailing Wang, Xinyu Zhu, Chunhui Li, Xuan Sun, Shuaishuai Wang, Wen Yao, Gege Hou, Zhi Qi, He Dai, Xuming Li, Hongkun Zheng, Zuxin Zhang, Yu Li, Tianyu Wang, Taijiao Jiang, Zhaoman Wan, Yanhui Chen, Jiuran Zhao, Jinsheng Lai, Haiyang Wang
Journal: Nature Genetics (2023)
Modelling individual and cross-cultural variation in the mapping of emotions to speech prosody
Authors: Pol van Rijn, Pauline Larrouy-Maestri
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2023)

Abstract The existence of a mapping between emotions and speech prosody is commonly assumed. We propose a Bayesian modelling framework to analyse this mapping. Our models are fitted to a large collection of intended emotional prosody, yielding more than 3,000 minutes of recordings. Our descriptive study reveals that the mapping within corpora is relatively constant, whereas the mapping varies across corpora. To account for this heterogeneity, we fit a series of increasingly complex models. Model comparison reveals that models taking into account mapping differences across countries, languages, sexes and individuals outperform models that only assume a global mapping. Further analysis shows that differences across individuals, cultures and sexes contribute more to the model prediction than a shared global mapping. Our models, which can be explored in an online interactive visualization, offer a description of the mapping between acoustic features and emotions in prosody.
The antitumour effects of caloric restriction are mediated by the gut microbiome
Authors: Yu-Qin Mao, Jia-Ting Huang, Shi-Long Zhang, Chao Kong, Zhan-Ming Li, Hui Jing, Hui-Ling Chen, Chao-Yue Kong, Sheng-Hui Huang, Pei-Ran Cai, Bing Han, Li-Shun Wang
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2023)
Cancer cells resistant to immune checkpoint blockade acquire interferon-associated epigenetic memory to sustain T cell dysfunction
Authors: Jingya Qiu, Bihui Xu, Darwin Ye, Diqiu Ren, Shangshang Wang, Joseph L. Benci, Yuanming Xu, Hemant Ishwaran, Jean-Christophe Beltra, E. John Wherry, Junwei Shi, Andy J. Minn
Journal: Nature Cancer (2023)
Hepatic nonvesicular cholesterol transport is critical for systemic lipid homeostasis
Authors: Xu Xiao, John Paul Kennelly, Alessandra Ferrari, Bethan L. Clifford, Emily Whang, Yajing Gao, Kevin Qian, Jaspreet Sandhu, Kelsey E. Jarrett, Madelaine C. Brearley-Sholto, Alexander Nguyen, Rohith T. Nagari, Min Sub Lee, Sicheng Zhang, Thomas A. Weston, Stephen G. Young, Steven J. Bensinger, Claudio J. Villanueva, Thomas Q. de Aguiar Vallim, Peter Tontonoz
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2023)
A modality-independent proto-organization of human multisensory areas
Authors: Francesca Setti, Giacomo Handjaras, Davide Bottari, Andrea Leo, Matteo Diano, Valentina Bruno, Carla Tinti, Luca Cecchetti, Francesca Garbarini, Pietro Pietrini, Emiliano Ricciardi
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2023)

Abstract The processing of multisensory information is based upon the capacity of brain regions, such as the superior temporal cortex, to combine information across modalities. However, it is still unclear whether the representation of coherent auditory and visual events requires any prior audiovisual experience to develop and function. Here we measured brain synchronization during the presentation of an audiovisual, audio-only or video-only version of the same narrative in distinct groups of sensory-deprived (congenitally blind and deaf) and typically developed individuals. Intersubject correlation analysis revealed that the superior temporal cortex was synchronized across auditory and visual conditions, even in sensory-deprived individuals who lack any audiovisual experience. This synchronization was primarily mediated by low-level perceptual features, and relied on a similar modality-independent topographical organization of slow temporal dynamics. The human superior temporal cortex is naturally endowed with a functional scaffolding to yield a common representation across multisensory events.
Massively parallel identification of mRNA localization elements in primary cortical neurons
Authors: Samantha Mendonsa, Nicolai von Kügelgen, Sayaka Dantsuji, Maya Ron, Laura Breimann, Artem Baranovskii, Inga Lödige, Marieluise Kirchner, Meret Fischer, Nadja Zerna, Lucija Bujanic, Philipp Mertins, Igor Ulitsky, Marina Chekulaeva
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2023)

Abstract Cells adopt highly polarized shapes and form distinct subcellular compartments in many cases due to the localization of many mRNAs to specific areas, where they are translated into proteins with local functions. This mRNA localization is mediated by specific cis -regulatory elements in mRNAs, commonly called ‘zipcodes’. Although there are hundreds of localized mRNAs, only a few zipcodes have been characterized. Here we describe a novel neuronal zipcode identification protocol (N-zip) that can identify zipcodes across hundreds of 3′ untranslated regions. This approach combines a method of separating the principal subcellular compartments of neurons—cell bodies and neurites—with a massively parallel reporter assay. N-zip identifies the let-7 binding site and (AU) n motif as de novo zipcodes in mouse primary cortical neurons. Our analysis also provides, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of an miRNA affecting mRNA localization and suggests a strategy for detecting many more zipcodes.
Molecular residual disease and efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Daisuke Kotani, Eiji Oki, Yoshiaki Nakamura, Hiroki Yukami, Saori Mishima, Hideaki Bando, Hiromichi Shirasu, Kentaro Yamazaki, Jun Watanabe, Masahito Kotaka, Keiji Hirata, Naoya Akazawa, Kozo Kataoka, Shruti Sharma, Vasily N. Aushev, Alexey Aleshin, Toshihiro Misumi, Hiroya Taniguchi, Ichiro Takemasa, Takeshi Kato, Masaki Mori, Takayuki Yoshino
Journal: Nature Medicine (2023)

Despite standard-of-care treatment, more than 30% of patients with resectable colorectal cancer (CRC) relapse. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis may enable postsurgical risk stratification and adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) treatment decision-making. We report results from GALAXY, which is an observational arm of the ongoing CIRCULATE-Japan study (UMIN000039205) that analyzed presurgical and postsurgical ctDNA in patients with stage II-IV resectable CRC (n = 1,039). In this cohort, with a median follow-up of 16.74 months (range 0.49-24.83 months), postsurgical ctDNA positivity (at 4 weeks after surgery) was associated with higher recurrence risk (hazard ratio (HR) 10.0, P < 0.0001) and was the most significant prognostic factor associated with recurrence risk in patients with stage II or III CRC (HR 10.82, P < 0.001). Furthermore, postsurgical ctDNA positivity identified patients with stage II or III CRC who derived benefit from ACT (HR 6.59, P < 0.0001). The results of our study, a large and comprehensive prospective analysis of ctDNA in resectable CRC, support the use of ctDNA testing to identify patients who are at increased risk of recurrence and are likely to benefit from ACT.
[11C]metomidate PET-CT versus adrenal vein sampling for diagnosing surgically curable primary aldosteronism: a prospective, within-patient trial
Authors: Xilin Wu, Russell Senanayake, Emily Goodchild, Waiel A. Bashari, Jackie Salsbury, Claudia P. Cabrera, Giulia Argentesi, Samuel M. O’Toole, Matthew Matson, Brendan Koo, Laila Parvanta, Nick Hilliard, Vasilis Kosmoliaptsis, Alison Marker, Daniel M. Berney, Wilson Tan, Roger Foo, Charles A. Mein, Eva Wozniak, Emmanuel Savage, Anju Sahdev, Nicholas Bird, Kate Laycock, Istvan Boros, Stefan Hader, Victoria Warnes, Daniel Gillett, Anne Dawnay, Elizabeth Adeyeye, Alessandro Prete, Angela E. Taylor, Wiebke Arlt, Anish N. Bhuva, Franklin Aigbirhio, Charlotte Manisty, Alasdair McIntosh, Alexander McConnachie, J. Kennedy Cruickshank, Heok Cheow, Mark Gurnell, William M. Drake, Morris J. Brown
Journal: Nature Medicine (2023)

Primary aldosteronism (PA) due to a unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma is a common cause of hypertension. This can be cured, or greatly improved, by adrenal surgery. However, the invasive nature of the standard pre-surgical investigation contributes to fewer than 1% of patients with PA being offered the chance of a cure. The primary objective of our prospective study of 143 patients with PA ( NCT02945904 ) was to compare the accuracy of a non-invasive test, [