tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Book Review Traumatotherapy, the Treatment of the Injured . By John J. Moorhead, B.Sc., M.D., F.A.C.S., (D.S.M.) Professor of Surgery and Director, Department Traumatic Surgery, New York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital, etc. Late Lieut.-Colonel American Expeditionary Forces; Colonel Medical Officers Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. — With 625 illustrations. Philadelphia and London, W. B. Saunders Company 1931. Price $7.00.
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1931)
Treatment of unstable angina
Authors: H. N. Hultgren
Journal: JAMA (1985)

MAJOR presentations of coronary artery disease include sudden death, myocardial infarction, stable angina, unstable angina, and miscellaneous syndromes such as arrhythmias and left ventricular failure. While the prevalence of unstable angina is relatively low compared with other coronary disease syndromes, the potential for prevention of infarction and death is high, hence the importance of this review of current therapy. <h3>Clinical Presentations</h3> Two general presentations of unstable angina may occur: type I—(a) stable angina with a recent increase in frequency and severity of attacks, (b) recent onset angina with increasing frequency and severity of episodes; or type II—recent onset of rest angina of prolonged duration (usually &gt;15 minutes), little relief from nitrates, and often associated with ST-T-wave changes, sweating, nausea, and other constitutional symptoms. The relative frequency of these presentations may vary. In a prospective study from this hospital, 62% of 228 patients with unstable angina had prior stable angina (type
Binding and Repair of 2-Acetylaminofluorene Adducts in Distinct Liver Cell Populations
Authors: J. G. Westra, A. Visser, A. Tulp
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The study of the binding of the liver carcinogen, N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene, to the DNA of the target organ—as the probable initial step in the process of carcinogenesis—has shown that three modes of interaction occur. N-Acetyl-2-aminofluorene is covalently bound with the nitrogen to the carbon 8 of guanine (I) and with the 3-position to the free NH2-group of guanine (II). The third mode of interaction is formed by a covalent bond between the nitrogen of 2-aminofluorene and the carbon 8 of guanine (III). In this study the different modes of interaction were measured separately in stromal and parenchymal cells of the rat liver, after a single intraperitoneal dose. The DNA was isolated from nuclei that had been separated by 1g sedimentation. In parenchymal DNA the types of interaction I and III occur in the same amounts one day after application. In stromal cells the amount of interaction I is relatively small and interaction III predominates (ratio III:I = 5). The amount of interaction III in tetraploid hepatocytes (the largest cell population in the studied rats) per mg DNA is about two times higher than in the stromal cells. While the removal of the total amount of DNA-bound carcinogen takes place at the same rate in the two cell types, a difference in rate and efficiency of repair is observed for the different types of interaction. In tetraploid hepatocytes, interaction I is almost completely removed from the DNA 2 weeks after application, while interaction III diminishes to about 1/3 during the first week but the remaining part disappears very slowly. As shown in earlier studies, interaction II remains in the DNA at a constant level.
Improved Survival of Patients Undergoing Palliation of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Lessons Learned From 115 Consecutive Patients
Authors: James S. Tweddell, George M. Hoffman, Kathleen A. Mussatto, Raymond T. Fedderly, Stuart Berger, Robert D. B. Jaquiss, Nancy S. Ghanayem, Stephanie J. Frisbee, S. Bert Litwin
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background Outcome of stage 1 palliation (S1P) for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) has improved coincident with application of treatment strategies including continuous superior vena cava oximetry (SvO 2 ), phenoxybenzamine (POB), strategies to minimize the duration of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) and efforts to ameliorate the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) using aprotinin and modified ultrafiltration. Methods and Results Analysis of a consecutive series of 115 patients undergoing S1P was done to identify the risk factors for mortality and the impact of new treatment strategies. For the current era, July 1996 to October 2001, hospital survival was 93% (75/81) compared with 53% (18/34) for the time period, January 1992 to June 1996, P &lt;0.001. Survival to stage 2 palliation (S2P) was also significantly improved in the current era, 81% (66/81) versus 44% (15/34), P &lt;0.01. Anti-inflammatory treatment strategies demonstrated improved survival by univariate analysis ( P &lt;0.001). Multivariate analysis identified continuous SvO 2 monitoring as a factor favoring S1P survival ( P =0.02) and use of POB as a factor favoring survival to S2P ( P =0.003). In the current era shorter duration of DHCA was associated with improved survival to S2P ( P =0.02). Conclusions–Improved survival following S1P can be achieved with strategies that allow for early identification of decreased systemic output and the use of afterload reduction to stabilize systemic vascular resistance and therefore the pulmonary to systemic flow ratio. Strategies to ameliorate the inflammatory response to CPB may decrease the degree and duration of postoperative support. Strategies to minimize duration of DHCA may improve intermediate survival and merit additional studies.
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis of the Hip.
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Response of Normal Rats to Portacaval Shunt
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AB0081 Cd11c+ dendritic cells play an important proinflammatory role in inflammatory arthritis
Authors: A. Puchner, S. Blüml, J. Smolen, K. Redlich
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in bridging the innate and the adaptive immune response by serving as antigen presenting cells and are therefore implicated in the initiation of chronic autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. <h3>Objectives</h3> Using the K/BxN serum transfer arthritis, a model of human rheumatoid arthritis, which depends only on the innate immune system, we investigated the innate role role of dendritic cells in inflammatory arthritis <h3>Methods</h3> KBxN serum transfer arthritis was induced in CD11c-diphteria toxin receptor (DTR) transgenic mice, which express the human diphtheria-toxin receptor under the CD11c promoter. This allows for specific depletion of CD11c+ cells by administration of diphtheria toxin (DT). DT or PBS was given on day -1, 3, 6 and 9 and the severity of arthritis was determined clinically and histologically. In addition, serum transfer arthritis was induced in wild type animals, which also received DT <h3>Results</h3> Efficient depletion of DCs from the spleen after injection of DT was confirmed by flow cytometry and histological analysis. Clinical scores of arthritis showed that CD11c-DTR transgenic mice had significantly reduced paw swelling and loss of grip strength compared to PBS treated animals. In contrast, wild type animals receiving DT showed identical clinical signs of arthritis as PBS treated animals, excluding unspecific effects of DT in mice. Histological analysis found that CD11c-DTR transgenic mice that had received DT displayed decreased synovial inflammation, local bone destruction and reduced the number of osteoclasts. In addition the number of CD115+ CD11b+ GR neg/low osteoclast precursors was significantly reduced in the peripheral blood of CD11c-DTR transgenic mice that had received DT. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These data show that dendritic cells are involved in innate reactions leading to inflammatory arthritis and suggest that dendritic cells could be an important target for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract 2146: High expression of Olfactomedin-4 correlates with chemoresistance and poor prognosis for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ryotaro Ohkuma, Erica Yada, Yutaro Kubota, Kazuyuki Hamada, Hiroo Ishida, Yuya Hirasawa, Hirotsugu Ariizumi, Etsuko Satoh, Junji Tsurutani, Kiyoshi Yoshimura, Tetsuro Sasada, Takeshi Aoki, Masahiko Murakami, Tomoko Norose, Nobuyuki Ohike, Masafumi Takimoto, Takuya Tsunoda, Satoshi Wada
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: Pancreatic cancer has an extremely poor prognosis and novel therapeutic strategies are desperately needed. It is considered that suitable molecules as therapeutic targets are resistant to chemotherapy and correlate with poor prognosis. In this experiment, we aimed to identify the optimal therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer. Materials and Methods: We established 10 lines of patient derived xenografts (PDXs) for pancreatic cancer. Next generation sequencer (NGS) analysis was performed for PDXs which were administered chemotherapy and untreated PDXs as a control. Furthermore, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis for the protein expression of identified molecules from PDXs and post-operative pathologic specimens from 80 patients with pancreatic cancer. When chemotherapy was added on tumor cell lines forcibly expressing the molecule, antitumor effect was compared with the control. Results: As a result of NGS analysis, we identified Olfactomedin-4 (OLFM4) molecule which was commonly shown high expression in chemotherapy administered PDXs. In IHC analysis, OLFM4 molecule expression was shown high expression with chemotherapy administered PDXs compared to untreated PDXs. For the analysis to use tumor cell lines forcedly expressing OLFM4 in vitro, the reduction rate of the tumor cell numbers was significantly lower than control vector, even if the concentration of the chemotherapy agent was increased. In a study using tissue specimens of 80 pancreatic cancer patients, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that low expression of OLFM4 had a better survival rate than patients with high expression (p=0.0926, log-rank test). In multivariate analysis, it was shown that the high expression of OLFM4 was an independent poor prognostic factor with a statistically significant difference (p=0.044, Cox proportional hazards). Conclusions: It was demonstrated that high expression of OLFM4 was involved in chemoresistance and was an independent prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer. This molecule might be a candidate of therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Ryotaro Ohkuma, Erica Yada, Yutaro Kubota, Kazuyuki Hamada, Hiroo Ishida, Yuya Hirasawa, Hirotsugu Ariizumi, Etsuko Satoh, Junji Tsurutani, Kiyoshi Yoshimura, Tetsuro Sasada, Takeshi Aoki, Masahiko Murakami, Tomoko Norose, Nobuyuki Ohike, Masafumi Takimoto, Takuya Tsunoda, Satoshi Wada. High expression of Olfactomedin-4 correlates with chemoresistance and poor prognosis for pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2146.
Dichloroacetate
Authors: Peter W Stacpoole, Yvonne J Greene
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Dichloroacetate (DCA) represents a potentially novel class of oral antidiabetic agents that reduce blood glucose and lipids without stimulating insulin secretion. DCA reduces blood glucose by inhibiting hepatic glucose synthesis and stimulating glucose clearance and use by peripheral tissues. A major site of action of the drug is pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), the rate-limiting enzyme of aerobic glucose oxidation. Stimulation of PDH by DCA increases peripheral oxidation of alanine and lactate, thereby interrupting the Cori and alanine cycles and reducing the availability of three-carbon precursors for gluconeogenesis. In experimental models of ketosis, DCA reduces ketonemia and ketonuria while significantly lowering blood glucose. DCA inhibits hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol biosynthesis. Short-term studies in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes have demonstrated a capacity of the drug to markedly reduce circulating a very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. In genetic models of insulin-dependent diabetes, oral administration of DCA significantly reduces insulin requirements and blood levels of glucose and triglycerides. Several derivatives of DCA have been synthesized and found to have biological activity in animals. Further work is required to determine whether DCA and its analogues may be safe and effective agents for chronic treatment of the carbohydrate and lipid abnormalities of human diabetes.
Thomas Semple
Authors: Peter Semple, Colin Semple
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b><i><i>Objective:</i></i></b> To determine whether edema can be assessed by MRI using T2-weighted signal intensity of hemispheric white matter in cirrhotic patients. <b><i><i>Methods:</i></i></b> Fast-FLAIR and magnetization transfer images were obtained before (24) and after (11) liver transplantation. T2-weighted abnormalities on baseline scans and their time-course changes were analyzed and compared with MT ratios (MTR). <b><i><i>Results:</i></i></b> Fast-FLAIR baseline images showed faint to substantial, bilateral, symmetric increased signal intensity along the hemispheric white matter in or around the corticospinal tract in 23/24 patients. After liver transplantation the signal abnormalities gradually recovered. This gradual decrease in signal intensity correlated with an increase in MTR values. <b><i><i>Conclusion:</i></i></b> Asymptomatic symmetric high-signal intensity in the hemispheric white matter on fast-FLAIR MR images is present in cirrhosis. Normalization of this finding after successful liver transplantation and its correlation with MTR values suggest that this signal abnormality reflects mild edema.
Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics
Authors: Artemis P. Simopoulos
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2010)

All diseases have a genetic predisposition. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) by large international consortia are discovering genetic variants that contribute to complex diseases. However, nutrient information is missing, which is essential for the development of dietary advice for prevention and management of disease. Nutrigenetics/nutrigenomics studies provide data on mechanisms of nutrient and gene interactions in health and disease needed for personalized nutrition. A process will be needed to define when gene-nutrient-disease associations are ready to be evaluated as potential tools to improve public health.
The Use of Rabbits in Male Reproductive Toxicology
Authors: Daniel Morton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

The rabbit is the smallest and least expensive laboratory animal in which serial semen samples can be obtained for morphologic, biochemical, and fertility evaluation. The female rabbit has a predictable reproductive cycle and can be artificially inseminated with a known amount of sperm during fertility testing. These advantages make the rabbit an extremely valuable model for studying the effects of chemicals or other stimuli on the male reproductive system. Quantitative evaluation of the testis, semen, and accessory reproductive organs is important in order to detect subtle effects of a chemical on reproductive capacity. Evaluation of testis size, serum hormone concentrations, and the number, morphology, motility, and fertility of sperm in the ejaculate can be performed serially in the live rabbit. Weights of testes and accessory reproductive organs, estimates of daily sperm production, and histomorphometric data on the seminiferous epithelium can be obtained after sacrifice. Multinucleated spermatids, focal tubular hypospermatogenesis, swelling of spermatocytes, and cytoplasmic vacuoles in Sertoli's cells occur commonly in testes of control rabbits. These changes may be confused with toxic lesions. The incidence of multinucleated spermatids may be increased by stress associated with handling or the environment. Histomorphometric evaluation may be required to prove that a test compound has an adverse effect on the male reproductive system.
Use of Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies against DNA Adducts for the Detection of DNA Lesions in Isolated DNA and in Single Cells
Authors: Robert A. Baan, Otto B. Zaalberg, Anne Marie J. Fichtinger-Schepman, Marianne A. Muysken-Schoen, Maria J. Lansbergen, Paul H. M. Lohman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Interaction of genotoxic chemicals with their intracellular target, i.e., DNA, may result in the formation of covalent adducts. Various methods have been developed to estimate exposure to genotoxic chemicals by means of molecular dosimetry of DNA adducts. Such experiments have generally been carried out with radiolabeled genotoxicants administered in vitro to cultured cells or in vivo to laboratory animals. Biomonitoring of human exposure to genotoxic chemicals requires methods to detect very small quantities of nonradioactive DNA adducts in limited amounts of sample. Attention has been devoted to the development of immunochemical techniques in which specific DNA adducts can be detected with antibodies. The level of sensitivity achieved in these experiments renders these methods applicable for human biomonitoring. When suitable antibodies are available, the immunochemical approach enables one to analyze various types of adducts separately, and to discriminate between irrelevant (e.g., quickly repairable) and relevant lesions (key lesions) with respect to biological end points such as mutation induction and cancer. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were used for the detection of DNA adducts in animal and human tissue. Adducts were measured in DNA from various organs of rats treated with the liver carcinogen 2-AAF. Human exposure to genotoxic agents was studied by the measurement of DNA adducts in blood cells from patients treated with the genotoxic cytostatic cisplatin. Also, the development is described of a system to detect and quantitate DNA adducts at the single-cell level by means of immunofluorescence microscopy, which allows the analysis of small samples of human tissue with preservation of cell morphology.
Enhanced Enforcement of Laws to Prevent Alcohol Sales to Underage Persons—New Hampshire, 1999-2004
Journal: JAMA (2004)

In 1984, the National Minimum Drinking Age Act (Public Law 98-363) was passed, requiring states to raise to 21 years the minimum age to purchase and publicly possess alcohol. Although the law has contributed to substantial reductions in underage drinking and alcohol-related motor-vehicle crashes, alcohol use and binge drinking rates among youths remain high in the United States, and efforts by youths to purchase alcohol from licensed establishments frequently are successful. To reduce alcohol sales to persons aged <21 years in Concord (2000 population: 40,687), New Hampshire, the Concord Police Department (CPD) and New Hampshire Liquor Commission (NHLC) conducted a pilot program of enhanced law enforcement with quarterly compliance checks of alcohol licenses during March 2002-February 2004. This report summarizes the results of that program, which indicated that enhanced enforcement 1) resulted in a 64% reduction in retail alcohol sales to underage youths and 2) was temporally associated with declines in alcohol use and binge drinking among Concord high school students. These findings emphasize the potential effectiveness of enhanced enforcement of minimum drinking age laws to reduce consumption of alcohol by underage youths.
New approaches may aid patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: P. Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1990)

THE URGENCY that afflicts patients with inflammatory bowel disease is being matched in the search for effective treatment. "There is a lot of reason to be optimistic," though much of the hope stems from unconfirmed trials, says Stephen Hanauer, MD, codirector of the University of Chicago's outpatient gastrointestinal clinic. Current treatments for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are as unsatisfactory as these two somewhat similar diseases are unpredictable. Sulfasalazine cannot be tolerated by one third of patients, and neither it nor steroids are proven to maintain remission. But with the consensus that some immune malfunction is involved in the etiology of these diseases, several existing agents and one new class of drugs are being tried, according to reports at a Digestive Disease Week program in San Antonio, Tex. Among others, the following treatments were reported: The sun may shine on 5-aminosalicylic acids (5-ASAs), effective now as enemas, with the report
New international program perpetuates Takemi goals
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Taro Takemi, MD, scientist, inventor, and international medical statesman, is dead at 79 years. In his review of Takemi's last book, George D. Lundberg, MD, editor of<i>JAMA</i>, emphasizes: "Taro Takemi is one of the most remarkable physicians of this or any other century" (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:949-950). Takemi also is credited with a key role in the establishment of the Japanese edition of<i>JAMA</i>. Takemi died Dec 20 in Tokyo, where he spent most of his adult years, in the hospital of Keio University, from which he received his medical degree in 1930 and where he was being treated for carcinoma of the bile duct. Only a few days before his death, the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, announced that a "Takemi Program in International Health" is being established there with $1.6 million in gifts from two Japanese pharmaceutical companies. In attempting "to develop improved methods for health resource allocation,"