tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exposure to Neighborhood Racialized Economic Segregation and Reinjury and Violence Perpetration Among Survivors of Violent Injuries
Authors: Elizabeth C. Pino, Sara F. Jacoby, Elizabeth Dugan, Jonathan Jay
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Much is unknown about how individual and neighborhood factors converge in the association with risk for violent reinjury and violence perpetration. Objectives To investigate the association of exposure to neighborhood racialized economic segregation with reinjury and use of violence against others among survivors of violent penetrating injury. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study was performed using data obtained from hospital, police, and state vital records. The study was performed at Boston Medical Center, an urban, level I trauma center that is the largest safety-net hospital and busiest trauma center in New England. The cohort included all patients treated for a nonfatal violent penetrating injury from 2013 to 2018. Patients with no Boston metropolitan area home address were excluded. Individuals were followed up through 2021. Data were analyzed from February to August 2022. Exposure American Community Survey data were used to measure neighborhood deprivation using the racialized economic Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) for patient residential address upon hospital discharge. ICE was measured on a scale from −1 (most deprived) to 1 (most privileged). Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were violent reinjury and police-reported perpetration of violence within 3 years of an index injury. Results Of 1843 survivors of violence (median [IQR] age, 27 [22-37] years; 1557 men [84.5%]; 351 Hispanic [19.5%], 1271 non-Hispanic Black [70.5%], and 149 non-Hispanic White [8.3%] among 1804 patients with race and ethnicity data), the cohort was skewed toward residing in neighborhoods with higher racialized economic segregation (median [IQR] ICE = −0.15 [−0.22 to 0.07]) compared with the state overall (ICE = 0.27). There were police encounters for violence perpetration among 161 individuals (8.7%) and violent reinjuries among 214 individuals (11.6%) within 3 years after surviving a violent penetrating injury. For each 0.1-unit increase in neighborhood deprivation, there was a 13% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.25; P = .01) increase in risk of violence perpetration but no difference in risk for violent reinjury (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.11; P = .38). The greatest occurrence for each outcome was within the first year after index injury; for example, incidents of violence perpetration occurred among 48 of 614 patients (7.8%) at year 1 vs 10 of 542 patients (1.8%) at year 3 in tertile 3 of neighborhood deprivation. Conclusions and Relevance This study found that living in a more economically deprived and socially marginalized area was associated with increased risk of using violence against others. The finding suggests that interventions may need to include investments in neighborhoods with the highest levels of violence to help reduce downstream transmission of violence.
Is Maternal Metabolic Bariatric Surgery the Best Solution to Tackle the Childhood Obesity Pandemic?
Authors: Karolien Van De Maele, Dries Ceulemans, Roland Devlieger
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Publication Trends of Qualitative Research in Dermatology
Authors: Micah G. Pascual, Megan A. Morris, Lucinda L. Kohn
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2023)

Qualitative studies serve as a tool for dermatologists and researchers in dermatology to engage with and understand perspectives of populations with different cultures and backgrounds.To assess (1) current approaches to qualitative dermatologic research and (2) the publication trends of these studies with the aim to inform researchers regarding qualitative research and its significance and applicability in the field of dermatology.A scoping review was conducted in which PubMed and CINAHL Plus were searched using dermatology AND qualitative, dermatology, and 7 qualitative methods terms. Studies were selected for inclusion using 3 levels of screening. Level 1 excluded articles published in a language other than English. Level 2 excluded articles of studies involving mixed methods, quantitative methods, systematic review, and meta-analysis. Level 3 excluded articles that were not specific to general dermatology, medical dermatology, pediatric dermatology, dermatologic surgery, dermatopathology, or education and training associated with dermatology. Finally, all duplicates were removed. The searches were conducted from July 23 to 28, 2022. All articles obtained from PubMed and CINAHL Plus searches were recorded in REDCap.A total of 1398 articles were reviewed, and of these, 249 (17.8%) were qualitative dermatology studies. Common qualitative methods included content analysis (58 [23.3%]) and grounded theory/constant comparison (35 [14.1%]). Individual interviews were the most common data collection method (198 [79.5%]), and patients (174 [69.9%]) were the most common participant type. Patient experience (137 [55.0%]) was the most common investigated topic. Overall, 131 qualitative studies (52.6%) in dermatology were published in dermatology journals, and 120 qualitative studies (48.2%) in dermatology were published between 2020 and 2022.Qualitative research in dermatology is becoming more prevalent. There is value in qualitative research, and we encourage researchers in dermatology to incorporate qualitative methods in their studies.
Association of Trauma Molecular Endotypes With Differential Response to Transfusion Resuscitation Strategies
Authors: Matthew R. Thau, Ted Liu, Neha A. Sathe, Grant E. O’Keefe, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Eileen Bulger, Charles E. Wade, Erin E. Fox, John B. Holcomb, W. Conrad Liles, Ian B. Stanaway, Carmen Mikacenic, Mark M. Wurfel, Pavan K. Bhatraju, Eric D. Morrell
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

It is not clear which severely injured patients with hemorrhagic shock may benefit most from a 1:1:1 vs 1:1:2 (plasma:platelets:red blood cells) resuscitation strategy. Identification of trauma molecular endotypes may reveal subgroups of patients with differential treatment response to various resuscitation strategies.
Is Maternal Metabolic Bariatric Surgery the Best Solution to Tackle the Childhood Obesity Pandemic?—Reply
Authors: Claire Rives-Lange, Sébastien Czernichow, Anne-Sophie Jannot
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Optimizing Hemostatic Resuscitation in Trauma—Will Endotyping Be the Key to the “Proper” Ratio?
Authors: Purvi P. Patel, Matthew J. Martin
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Response of Severe Lupus Miliaris Disseminatus Faciei to Treatment With Ruxolitinib Cream
Authors: Natalie C. Gorham, Jonathan Jacobs, Sean Z. Wu
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2023)

This case report describes a 46-year-old woman who presented with numerous monomorphic, mildly erythematous, and skin-colored smooth indurated papules that coalesced into plaques that involved the upper and lower eyelids, forehead, medial cheeks, cutaneous lips, and chin.
Associations between Residential Greenspace and Fecundability in a North American Preconception Cohort Study
Authors: Mary D. Willis, Amelia K. Wesselink, Perry Hystad, Marcia Pescador Jimenez, Chad M. Coleman, Kipruto Kirwa, Elizabeth E. Hatch, Lauren A. Wise
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2023)

Background: Residential green space can have positive physiological effects on human health through various mechanisms, including reducing stress and/or depression or facilitating physical activity. Although green space has been consistently associated with improved birth outcomes in several studies, there has been limited study of its effect on other reproductive outcomes, including fertility. Objective: We examined associations between residential green space and fecundability, the per-cycle probability of conception. Methods: We analyzed data from 8,563 female participants enrolled between 2013 and 2019 in Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO), a prospective preconception cohort study of North American couples attempting conception. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire on sociodemographic, behavioral, and reproductive factors, and bimonthly follow-up questionnaires for up to 12 months to ascertain pregnancies. Using geocoded addresses, we calculated residential green space exposure using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within 50-, 100-, 250-, and 500-m buffers across multiple temporal scales: annual maximum, seasonal maximum, and seasonal mean. We used proportional probabilities regression models to estimate fecundability ratios (FRs), adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and neighborhood characteristics. We also evaluated the extent to which associations were mediated by reductions in perceived stress or depressive symptoms and increased physical activity. Results: When comparing the highest (≥0.8) with the lowest (<0.2) NDVI exposures within 50m, we observed positive associations in the annual maximum NDVI [FR: 1.33; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.67] and seasonal maximum NDVI (FR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.41) models, but little association in the seasonal mean NDVI models (FR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.73, 1.30). Restricted cubic splines showed evidence of nonlinearity in this association. Results were similar across buffer distances. Perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and physical activity explained ≤5:0% of mediation across all NDVI metrics. Discussion: In this cohort, greater residential green space was associated with a modest increase in fecundability. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10648
Life cycle assessment of routinely used endoscopic instruments and simple intervention to reduce our environmental impact
Authors: Pedro López-Muñoz, Rubén Martín-Cabezuelo, Vicente Lorenzo-Zúñiga, Guillermo Vilariño-Feltrer, Isabel Tort-Ausina, Ana Vidaurre, Vicente Pons Beltran
Journal: Gut (2023)

GI endoscopy units represent the third largest producers of medical waste. We aimed to determine endoscopic instrument composition and life cycle assessment (LCA) and to assess a sustainability proposal based on a mark on the instruments that identifies parts can be safely recycled or 'green mark'.Material composition analysis and LCA of forceps, snares and clips from four different manufacturers (A-D) were performed with four different methods. Carbon footprint from production, transportation and end of life of these instruments was calculated. In 30 consecutive procedures, we marked the contact point with the working channel. 5 cm away from that point was considered as green mark. One-week prospective study was conducted with 184 procedures evaluating 143 instruments (75 forceps, 49 snares and 19 haemoclips) to assess the efficacy of this recyclable mark.Composition from different manufacturers varied widely. Most common materials were high global warming potential (GWP) waste (polyethylene, polypropylene and acrylonitrile) and low GWP waste (stainless steel). Significant differences were found for the forceps (0.31-0.47 kg of CO2 equivalent (CO2-eq)) and haemoclips (0.41-0.57 kg CO2-eq) between the manufacturers. Green mark was established 131.26 cm for gastroscope and 195.32 cm for colonoscope. One-week activity produced 67.74 kg CO2-eq. Applying our sustainability intervention, we could reduce up to 27.44% (18.26 kg CO2-eq). This allows the recycling of 61.7% of the instrument total weight (4.69 kg).Knowledge of carbon footprint is crucial to select the most sustainable alternatives because there are large variations between brands. A mark to identify recyclable parts could reduce our environmental impact significantly.
‘Body on the line’: experiences of tackle injury in women’s rugby union – a grounded theory study
Authors: Kathryn Dane, Geraldine Foley, Fiona Wilson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2023)

Tackle-related injuries account for up to 67% of all match injuries in women's rugby union. The perspective of women players on tackle injury can help key stakeholders understand psychosocial determinants of tackle injury risk and prevention. We aimed to capture psychosocial processes that explain tackle injury experiences and behaviours in women's rugby union.We conducted a qualitative study using a grounded theory approach. Adult women players, with at least 1-year senior level experience, were recruited from Europe, South Africa and Canada between December 2021 and March 2022. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and analysed in line with grounded theory coding procedures.Twenty-one players, aged 20-48 years with a mean 10.6 years of rugby playing experience, participated. In our analysis, we identified three categories central to participants' experiences of tackle injury: (1) embodied understandings of tackle injury, (2) gender and tackle injury risk and (3) influences on tackle injury behaviours. Participants reported a sense of fear in their experience of tackling but felt that tackle injuries were an inevitable part of the game. Tackle injury was described based on performance limitations. Tackle injury risks and behaviours were influenced by gendered factors perpetuated by relations, practices and structures within the playing context of women's rugby union.Women's tackle injury experiences were intertwined with the day-to-day realities of marginalisation and under preparedness. Grounded in the voices of women, we have provided recommendations for key stakeholders to support tackle injury prevention in women's rugby.
Harnessing novel strategies and cell types to overcome immune tolerance during adoptive cell therapy in cancer
Authors: Shi Yong Neo, Shengli Xu, Joni Chong, Kong-Peng Lam, Jing Wu
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2023)

Cell therapy encompasses an expanding spectrum of cell-based regimes for the treatment of human ailments, such as the use of immune cells, in particular T cells, for combating tumors and the modulation of inflammatory immune responses. In this review, we focus on cell therapy in the immuno-oncology space, which is largely driven by interests and demands from the clinics for better solutions to target various hard-to-treat cancers. We discuss recent advances in various types of cell therapies, including T cell receptor-T cells, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Particularly, the present review focuses on the strategies to improve therapeutic responses by either enhancing tumor recognition or the resilience of infused immune cells within tumor microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the potential of other innate or innate-like immune cell types currently being explored as promising CAR-cell alternatives that seek to address the limitations of conventional adoptive cell therapies.
RNA Modification in the Immune System
Authors: Dali Han, Meng Michelle Xu
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2023)

Characterization of RNA modifications has identified their distribution features and molecular functions. Dynamic changes in RNA modification on various forms of RNA are essential for the development and function of the immune system. In this review, we discuss the value of innovative RNA modification profiling technologies to uncover the function of these diverse, dynamic RNA modifications in various immune cells within healthy and diseased contexts. Further, we explore our current understanding of the mechanisms whereby aberrant RNA modifications modulate the immune milieu of the tumor microenvironment and point out outstanding research questions.
Total daily energy expenditure has declined over the past three decades due to declining basal expenditure, not reduced activity expenditure
Authors: John R. Speakman, Jasper M. A. de Jong, Srishti Sinha, Klaas R. Westerterp, Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Philip N. Ainslie, Liam J. Anderson, Lenore Arab, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G. Bonomi, Pascal Bovet, Soren Brage, Maciej S. Buchowski, Nancy F. Butte, Stefan G.J.A. Camps, Jamie A. Cooper, Richard Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Peter S. W. Davies, Lara R. Dugas, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W. Fudge, Melanie Gillingham, Santu Ghosh, Annelies H. Goris, Michael Gurven, Lewis G. Halsey, Catherine Hambly, Hinke H. Haisma, Daniel Hoffman, Sumei Hu, Annemiek M. Joosen, Jennifer L. Kaplan, Peter Katzmarzyk, William E. Kraus, Robert F. Kushner, William R. Leonard, Marie Löf, Corby K. Martin, Eric Matsiko, Anine C. Medin, Erwin P. Meijer, Marian L. Neuhouser, Theresa A. Nicklas, Robert M. Ojiambo, Kirsi H. Pietiläinen, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L. Prentice, Susan B. Racette, David A. Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman, Susan B. Roberts, Michael C. Rudolph, Luis B. Sardinha, Albertine J. Schuit, Analiza M. Silva, Eric Stice, Samuel S. Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M. Van Etten, Edgar A. Van Mil, Brian M. Wood, Jack A. Yanovski, Tsukasa Yoshida, Xueying Zhang, Alexia J. Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U. Loechl, Anura Kurpad, Amy H. Luke, Herman Pontzer, Matthew S. Rodeheffer, Jennifer Rood, Dale A. Schoeller, William W. Wong
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2023)
Not Dead Yet
Authors: Betty Diamond
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2023)

I have been a scientific grasshopper throughout my career, moving from question to question within the domain of lupus. This has proven to be immensely gratifying. Scientific exploration is endlessly fascinating, and succeeding in studies you care about with colleagues and trainees leads to strong and lasting bonds. Science isn't easy; being a woman in science presents challenges, but the drive to understand a disease remains strong.
Branched-chain amino acid catabolism in muscle affects systemic BCAA levels but not insulin resistance
Authors: Megan C. Blair, Michael D. Neinast, Cholsoon Jang, Qingwei Chu, Jae Woo Jung, Jessie Axsom, Marc R. Bornstein, Chelsea Thorsheim, Kristina Li, Atsushi Hoshino, Steven Yang, Rachel J. Roth Flach, Bei B. Zhang, Joshua D. Rabinowitz, Zoltan Arany
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2023)
Extremely Differentiated T Cell Subsets Contribute to Tissue Deterioration During Aging
Authors: Gonzalo Soto-Heredero, Manuel M. Gómez de las Heras, J. Ignacio Escrig-Larena, María Mittelbrunn
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2023)

There is a dramatic remodeling of the T cell compartment during aging. The most notorious changes are the reduction of the naive T cell pool and the accumulation of memory-like T cells. Memory-like T cells in older people acquire a phenotype of terminally differentiated cells, lose the expression of costimulatory molecules, and acquire properties of senescent cells. In this review, we focus on the different subsets of age-associated T cells that accumulate during aging. These subsets include extremely cytotoxic T cells with natural killer properties, exhausted T cells with altered cytokine production, and regulatory T cells that gain proinflammatory features. Importantly, all of these subsets lose their lymph node homing capacity and migrate preferentially to nonlymphoid tissues, where they contribute to tissue deterioration and inflammaging.
Systems Immunology Approaches to Metabolism
Authors: Denis A. Mogilenko, Alexey Sergushichev, Maxim N. Artyomov
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2023)

Over the last decade, immunometabolism has emerged as a novel interdisciplinary field of research and yielded significant fundamental insights into the regulation of immune responses. Multiple classical approaches to interrogate immunometabolism, including bulk metabolic profiling and analysis of metabolic regulator expression, paved the way to appreciating the physiological complexity of immunometabolic regulation in vivo. Studying immunometabolism at the systems level raised the need to transition towards the next-generation technology for metabolic profiling and analysis. Spatially resolved metabolic imaging and computational algorithms for multi-modal data integration are new approaches to connecting metabolism and immunity. In this review, we discuss recent studies that highlight the complex physiological interplay between immune responses and metabolism and give an overview of technological developments that bear the promise of capturing this complexity most directly and comprehensively.