tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of Patients with Airway Disease to SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Francesca M. Conway, Chloe I. Bloom, Pallav L. Shah
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a worldwide pandemic. People with airways disease are at higher risk of respiratory infection, and viruses can trigger respiratory exacerbations. Patients with airways disease may therefore be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, development of covid-19, or be at higher risk of adverse outcomes. Here we review susceptibility, based on current epidemiological studies, and explore biological mechanisms. Evidence from multiple large observational studies has shown chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant risk factor for covid-19 related mortality. Whether people with asthma are more susceptible to infection or severe outcomes has been much debated but appears to be related to their asthma phenotype and severity. To what extent these differences are biological or influenced by public health non-pharmacological interventions is difficult to quantify. Biological mechanisms that may influence susceptibility and adverse outcomes in airways disease include the increased expression of protein receptors enabling viral cell entry, dysfunctional epithelial airway immunity, type-2 inflammation and the use of inhaled corticosteroids. A better understanding of the susceptibility and mechanisms is essential for developing preventative and therapeutic strategies. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Plasma Adrenomedullin, Allelic Variations in the <i>ADM</i> Gene, and Risk for Lower-Limb Amputation in People With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Louis Potier, Kamel Mohammedi, Pierre-Jean Saulnier, Frédéric Fumeron, Jean-Michel Halimi, Nicolas Venteclef, Michel Marre, Samy Hadjadj, Ronan Roussel, Gilberto Velho
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

OBJECTIVE Patients with diabetes have an increased risk for lower-limb amputation (LLA), but biomarkers to assess risk of LLA are lacking. Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a vasodilator peptide that also plays a role in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis in the kidney, increasing natriuresis and diuresis. ADM was shown to be associated with cardiovascular and renal events in diabetes, but it was not investigated in terms of LLA risk. We investigated the hypothesis that ADM is associated with LLA in people with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 4,375 participants in the DIABHYCAR and SURDIAGENE cohorts (men, 68%; mean 66 years of age; mean duration of diabetes 12 years; and median follow-up 5.3 years). Plasma midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM; a surrogate for ADM) was measured by immunofluorescence. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ADM gene region were genotyped. RESULTS LLA requirement during follow-up by increasing tertiles of plasma MR-proADM distribution was 1.0% (tertile 1 [T1]), 2.3% (T2), and 4.4% (T3) (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). In Cox multivariate analysis, the adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) for LLA was 4.40 (2.30–8.88) (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) for T3 versus T1. Moreover, MR-proADM significantly improved indices for risk stratification of LLA. Four SNPs were associated with plasma MR-proADM concentration at baseline and with LLA during follow-up. Alleles associated with higher MR-proADM were associated with increased LLA risk. CONCLUSIONS We observed associations of plasma MR-proADM with LLA and of ADM SNPs with plasma MR-proADM and with LLA in people with type 2 diabetes. This pattern of Mendelian randomization supports the causality of the association of ADM with LLA.
Endoscopic mucosal resection with a magnetic traction system: a new strategy to facilitate complete resection
Authors: Mariana Figueiredo, Clara Yzet, Pierre Lafeuille, Thierry Ponchon, Jérémie Jacques, Jérôme Rivory, Mathieu Pioche
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

En bloc endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) with a snare is the standard resection technique for adenomas < 25 mm [1]. One limitation of this technique is, when gravity is not helping, the lack of good exposure of the lesion margins before cutting to ensure successful complete excision [2]. An independent traction system with clip and rubber band, as described for endoscopic submucosal dissection procedures [2], is not currently applicable for EMR because the snare cannot be placed around the lesion after placement of the traction system ([Fig. 1]; [Video 1]). A new traction strategy using traction magnetic clips (ProdiGI; Medtronic), initially developed for traction-assisted ESD to improve exposure of the submucosal layer, could be the awaited solution to overcome this limitation.
Centering Transgender and Nonbinary Voices in Genital Gender-Affirming Surgery Research Prioritization
Authors: Geolani W. Dy, Gaines Blasdel, Jae M. Downing
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy with the Novel Hugo Robotic System: Initial Experience and Optimal Surgical Set-up at a Tertiary Referral Robotic Center
Authors: Carlo A. Bravi, Marco Paciotti, Luca Sarchi, Angelo Mottaran, Luigi Nocera, Rui Farinha, Pieter De Backer, Marie-Hélène Vinckier, Geert De Naeyer, Frederiek D'Hondt, Ruben De Groote, Alexandre Mottrie
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Antithrombotic Therapy for Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Christopher D. Jackson, Adam S. Cifu, Desirée C. Burroughs-Ray
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Long‐Acting Protective Ocular Surface by Instilling Adhesive Dual‐Antiviral Nanoparticles
Authors: Xinyue Wang, Liangbo Chen, Xinling Wang, Mengmeng Zhang, Fengmin Yang, Feng Wu, Jinyao Liu, Lu Lu, Yan Pang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

The eye is susceptible to viral infections, causing severe ocular symptoms or even respiratory diseases. Methods capable of protecting the eye from external viral invasion in a long-term and highly effective way are urgently needed but have been proved to be extremely challenging. Here, a strategy of forming a long-acting protective ocular surface is described by instilling adhesive dual-antiviral nanoparticles. Taking pseudotyped severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a model virus, antiviral agent-loaded nanoparticles are coated with a "double-lock" hybrid cell membrane abundant with integrin-β1 and angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2). After instillation, the presence of integrin-β1 endows coated nanoparticles with steady adhesion via specific binding to Arg-Gly-Asp sequence on the fibronectin of ocular epithelium, achieving durable retention on the ocular surface. In addition to loaded inhibitors, the exposure of ACE2 can trap SARS-CoV-2 and subsequently neutralize the associated spike protein, playing a dual antiviral effect of the resulting nanoparticles. Adhesive dual-antiviral nanoparticles enabled by coating with a "double-lock" hybrid cell membrane could be a versatile platform for topical long-acting protection against viral infection of the eye.
Addressing Inequities in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Uptake: The Boston Medical Center Health System Experience
Authors: Sabrina A. Assoumou, Alicia Peterson, Ellen Ginman, Thea James, Cassandra M. Pierre, Sebastian Hamilton, Sheila Chapman, John Goldie, Robert Koenig, Elena Mendez-Escobar, Hannah Leaver, Robert Graham, Renee Crichlow, Tarsha Weaver, Sandra Cotterell, Guale Valdez, Denise De Las Nueces, Nancy A. Scott, Benjamin P. Linas, Petrina Martin Cherry
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Academic medical centers could play an important role in increasing access to and uptake of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, especially in Black and Latino communities that have been disproportionately affected by the pandemic. This article describes the vaccination program developed by the Boston Medical Center (BMC) health system (New England's largest safety-net health system), its affiliated community health centers (CHCs), and community partners. The program was based on a conceptual framework for community interventions and aimed to increase equitable access to vaccination in the hardest-hit communities through community-based sites in churches and community centers, mobile vaccination events, and vaccination on the BMC campus. Key strategies included a communication campaign featuring trusted messengers, a focus on health equity, established partnerships with community leaders and CHCs, and strong collaboration with local health departments and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to ensure equitable allocation of the vaccine supply. Process factors involved the use of robust analytics relying on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). The vaccination program administered 109 938 first doses, with 94 703 (86%) given at community sites and 2466 (2%) given at mobile sites. Mobile vaccination events were key in reaching younger people living in locations with the highest SVIs. Challenges included the need for a robust operational infrastructure and mistrust of the health system given the long history of economic disinvestment in the surrounding community. The BMC model could serve as a blueprint for other medical centers interested in implementing programs aimed at increasing vaccine uptake during a pandemic and in developing an infrastructure to address other health-related disparities.
Anti-CSF-1R emactuzumab in combination with anti-PD-L1 atezolizumab in advanced solid tumor patients naïve or experienced for immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: Carlos Gomez-Roca, Philippe Cassier, Dmitriy Zamarin, Jean-Pascal Machiels, Jose Luis Perez Gracia, F Stephen Hodi, Alvaro Taus, Maria Martinez Garcia, Valentina Boni, Joseph P Eder, Navid Hafez, Ryan Sullivan, David Mcdermott, Stephane Champiat, Sandrine Aspeslagh, Catherine Terret, Anna-Maria Jegg, Wolfgang Jacob, Michael A Cannarile, Carola Ries, Konstanty Korski, Francesca Michielin, Randolph Christen, Galina Babitzki, Carl Watson, Georgina Meneses-Lorente, Martin Weisser, Dominik Rüttinger, Jean-Pierre Delord, Aurelien Marabelle
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Background This phase 1b study ( NCT02323191 ) evaluated the safety, antitumor activity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor-blocking monoclonal antibody (mAb) emactuzumab in combination with the programmed cell death-1 ligand (PD-L1)-blocking mAb atezolizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors naïve or experienced for immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs). Methods Emactuzumab (500–1350 mg flat) and atezolizumab (1200 mg flat) were administered intravenously every 3 weeks. Dose escalation of emactuzumab was conducted using the 3+3 design up to the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or optimal biological dose (OBD). Extension cohorts to evaluate pharmacodynamics and clinical activity were conducted in metastatic ICB-naive urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) and ICB-pretreated melanoma (MEL), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and UBC patients. Results Overall, 221 patients were treated. No MTD was reached and the OBD was determined at 1000 mg of emactuzumab in combination with 1200 mg of atezolizumab. Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 25 (11.3%) patients of which fatigue and rash were the most common (14 patients (6.3%) each). The confirmed objective response rate (ORR) was 9.8% for ICB-naïve UBC, 12.5% for ICB-experienced NSCLC, 8.3% for ICB-experienced UBC and 5.6% for ICB-experienced MEL patients, respectively. Tumor biopsy analyses demonstrated increased activated CD8 +tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) associated with clinical benefit in ICB-naïve UBC patients and less tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) reduction in ICB-experienced compared with ICB-naïve patients. Conclusion Emactuzumab in combination with atezolizumab demonstrated a manageable safety profile with increased fatigue and skin rash over usual atezolizumab monotherapy. A considerable ORR was particularly seen in ICB-experienced NSCLC patients. Increase ofCD8 +TILs under therapy appeared to be associated with persistence of a TAM subpopulation.
Race, Overdose Deaths, and Years of Lost Life
Authors: Rebecca Arden Harris
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

To the Editor In their study of fatal drug overdoses among young people aged 10 to 24 years, Hall and colleagues1 report 21 689 deaths from 2015 to 2019, which resulted in 1.23 million years of lost life (YLL). This averages to 57 YLL per overdose death, a devastating statistic.
Impact of etoposide and ASCT on survival among patients aged &amp;lt;65 years with stage II to IV PTCL: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Mirian Brink, Frederik O. Meeuwes, Marjolein W. M. van der Poel, Marie José Kersten, Mariëlle Wondergem, Pim G. N. J. Mutsaers, Lara H. Böhmer, F. J. Sherida H. Woei-A-Jin, Otto Visser, Rimke Oostvogels, Patty M. Jansen, Wouter Plattel, Gerwin A. Huls, Joost S. P. Vermaat, Marcel Nijland
Journal: Blood (2022)

Patients aged <65 years with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) are treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP). Although the addition of etoposide (CHOEP) and consolidation with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) are preferred in some countries, randomized trials are lacking. This nationwide population-based study assessed the impact of etoposide and ASCT on overall survival (OS) among patients aged 18 to 64 years with stage II to IV anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), or PTCL not otherwise specified (NOS) diagnosed between 1989 and 2018 using the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Patients were categorized into 2 calendar periods, representing pre- and post-eras of etoposide and ASCT, respectively. A total of 1427 patients were identified (ALCL, 35%; AITL, 21%; and PTCL NOS, 44%). OS increased from 39% in the period from 1989 to 2009 to 49% in the period of 2009 to 2018 (P < .01). Five-year OS was superior for patients treated with CHOEP vs CHOP (64% and 44%, respectively; P < .01). When adjusted for subtype, International Prognostic Index score, and ASCT, the risk of mortality was similar between the 2 groups, except for patients with ALK+ ALCL, for whom the risk of mortality was 6.3 times higher when treated with CHOP vs CHOEP. Patients undergoing consolidation with ASCT had superior 5-year OS of 81% compared with 39% for patients not undergoing ASCT (P < .01), regardless of whether complete remission was achieved. In patients aged <65 years with advanced-stage ALK- ALCL, AITL, or PTCL, the use of ASCT consolidation, but not the addition of etoposide, was associated with improved OS.
Cardiorenal Syndrome: The Role of Neural Connections Between the Heart and the Kidneys
Authors: Kaushik P. Patel, Kenichi Katsurada, Hong Zheng
Journal: Circulation Research (2022)

The maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis is highly dependent on tightly controlled interactions between the heart and the kidneys. Therefore, it is not surprising that a dysfunction in one organ affects the other. This interlinking relationship is aptly demonstrated in the cardiorenal syndrome. The characteristics of the cardiorenal syndrome state include alterations in neurohumoral drive, autonomic reflexes, and fluid balance. The evidence suggests that several factors contribute to these alterations. These may include peripheral and central nervous system abnormalities. However, accumulating evidence from animals with experimental models of congestive heart failure and renal dysfunction as well as humans with the cardiorenal syndrome suggests that alterations in neural pathways, from and to the kidneys and the heart, including the central nervous system are involved in regulating sympathetic outflow and may be critically important in the alterations in neurohumoral drive, autonomic reflexes, and fluid balance commonly observed in the cardiorenal syndrome. This review focuses on studies implicating neural pathways, particularly the afferent and efferent signals from the heart and the kidneys integrating at the level of the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus to alter neurohumoral drive, autonomic pathways, and fluid balance. Further, it explores the potential mechanisms of action for the known beneficial use of various medications or potential novel therapeutic manipulations for the treatment of the cardiorenal syndrome. A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms will enhance our ability to treat cardiorenal conditions and their cardiovascular complications more efficaciously and thoroughly.
A diabetic milieu increases ACE2 expression and cellular susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infections in human kidney organoids and patient cells
Authors: Elena Garreta, Patricia Prado, Megan L. Stanifer, Vanessa Monteil, Andrés Marco, Asier Ullate-Agote, Daniel Moya-Rull, Amaia Vilas-Zornoza, Carolina Tarantino, Juan Pablo Romero, Gustav Jonsson, Roger Oria, Alexandra Leopoldi, Astrid Hagelkruys, Maria Gallo, Federico González, Pere Domingo-Pedrol, Aleix Gavaldà, Carmen Hurtado del Pozo, Omar Hasan Ali, Pedro Ventura-Aguiar, Josep María Campistol, Felipe Prosper, Ali Mirazimi, Steeve Boulant, Josef M. Penninger, Nuria Montserrat
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2022)

It is not well understood why diabetic individuals are more prone to develop severe COVID-19. To this, we here established a human kidney organoid model promoting early hallmarks of diabetic kidney disease development. Upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, diabetic-like kidney organoids exhibited higher viral loads compared with their control counterparts. Genetic deletion of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in kidney organoids under control or diabetic-like conditions prevented viral detection. Moreover, cells isolated from kidney biopsies from diabetic patients exhibited altered mitochondrial respiration and enhanced glycolysis, resulting in higher SARS-CoV-2 infections compared with non-diabetic cells. Conversely, the exposure of patient cells to dichloroacetate (DCA), an inhibitor of aerobic glycolysis, resulted in reduced SARS-CoV-2 infections. Our results provide insights into the identification of diabetic-induced metabolic programming in the kidney as a critical event increasing SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility, opening the door to the identification of new interventions in COVID-19 pathogenesis targeting energy metabolism.
Proposing a Sex-Adjusted Sodium-Adjusted MELD Score for Liver Transplant Allocation
Authors: Julia M. Sealock, Ioannis A. Ziogas, Zhiguo Zhao, Fei Ye, Sophoclis P. Alexopoulos, Lea Matsuoka, Guanhua Chen, Lea K. Davis
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Liver allocation is determined by the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), a scoring system based on 4 laboratory measurements. During the MELD era, sex disparities in liver transplant have increased and there are no modifications to MELD based on sex.
Metagenome assembled genomes are for eukaryotes too
Authors: Ramon Massana, David López-Escardó
Journal: Cell Genomics (2022)

Environmental community sequencing is suitable for producing metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) of prokaryotes, but there is the perception that it cannot work for eukaryotes. In this issue of Cell Genomics, Delmont et al1 process a massive sequencing dataset from marine plankton to produce 683 eukaryotic MAGs; the study also includes useful functional information.
Tobacco industry is “talking trash” on environmental harms of production, say WHO and watchdog
Authors: Luke Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Tobacco industry is "talking trash" on environmental harms of production, say WHO and watchdog Luke TaylorThe harmful effects of tobacco on health are well documented.Fewer people in developed economies smoke each year in the knowledge that cigarettes kill up to one in two long term users, amounting to more than 8 million deaths each year.
Systems-level regulation of microRNA networks by miR-130/301 promotes pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Thomas Bertero, Yu Lu, Sofia Annis, Andrew Hale, Balkrishen Bhat, Rajan Saggar, Rajeev Saggar, W. Dean Wallace, David J. Ross, Sara O. Vargas, Brian B. Graham, Rahul Kumar, Stephen M. Black, Sohrab Fratz, Jeffrey R. Fineman, James D. West, Kathleen J. Haley, Aaron B. Waxman, B. Nelson Chau, Katherine A. Cottrill, Stephen Y. Chan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

The authors recently became aware that in Figure 3D, lung images from a 10% O 2 -exposed mouse were inadvertently presented in the row labeled as lung images from a 10% O 2 + SU5416-exposed mouse.The authors reviewed the original data and provided the correct version of Figure 3D with data obtained from a replicate experiment.In addition, the key for Figure 3E was missing information.The correct versions of Figure 3, D and E appear below.The authors have stated that these errors did not affect signal quantification, interpretations, or conclusions of the study.