tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Short Bouts of Physical Activity—Good for Health?
Authors: Yvonne Wengström, Tommy Fornander, Linda S. Lindström
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Patient With Pulmonary Symptoms, Dysphagia, and Raynaud Disease
Authors: Aisha Ghias, Shalinee Chawla, Priya Agarwala
Journal: JAMA (2023)

A nonsmoking patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease and Raynaud disease had 4 weeks of dysphagia and a 4.54-kg weight loss over 3 months, cough productive of yellow sputum, and dyspnea on exertion. White blood cell count and creatine kinase and aldolase levels were elevated; antinuclear antibody assay findings were positive; and chest CT showed bibasilar pulmonary consolidations and ground glass opacities. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?
Reply to correspondence to ‘Diagnosis of immediate reactions to amoxicillin: Comparison of basophil activation markers <scp>CD63</scp> and <scp>CD203c</scp> in a prospective study’
Authors: Tahia Diana Fernández, Cristobalina Mayorga, María José Torres
Journal: Allergy (2023)

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.
Next-Generation JAK2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Lessons from Structure-Based Drug Discovery Approaches
Authors: Pramod C. Nair, Jacob Piehler, Denis Tvorogov, David M. Ross, Angel F. Lopez, Jason Gotlib, Daniel Thomas
Journal: Blood Cancer Discovery (2023)

Abstract Selective inhibitors of Janus kinase (JAK) 2 have been in demand since the discovery of the JAK2 V617F mutation present in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN); however, the structural basis of V617F oncogenicity has only recently been elucidated. New structural studies reveal a role for other JAK2 domains, beyond the kinase domain, that contribute to pathogenic signaling. Here we evaluate the structure-based approaches that led to recently-approved type I JAK2 inhibitors (fedratinib and pacritinib), as well as type II (BBT594 and CHZ868) and pseudokinase inhibitors under development (JNJ7706621). With full-length JAK homodimeric structures now available, superior selective and mutation-specific JAK2 inhibitors are foreseeable. Significance: The JAK inhibitors currently used for the treatment of MPNs are effective for symptom management but not for disease eradication, primarily because they are not strongly selective for the mutant clone. The rise of computational and structure-based drug discovery approaches together with the knowledge of full-length JAK dimer complexes provides a unique opportunity to develop better targeted therapies for a range of conditions driven by pathologic JAK2 signaling.
Classification of Breast Cancer According to ERBB2 Immunohistochemistry Scores
Authors: Charles J. Robbins, Aileen I. Fernandez, David L. Rimm
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Changes in exhaled volatile organic compounds following indirect bronchial challenge in suspected asthma
Authors: Adam Peel, Ran Wang, Waqar Ahmed, Iain White, Maxim Wilkinson, Yoon K Loke, Andrew M Wilson, Stephen J Fowler
Journal: Thorax (2023)

Background Inhaled mannitol provokes bronchoconstriction via mediators released during osmotic degranulation of inflammatory cells, and, hence represents a useful diagnostic test for asthma and model for acute attacks. We hypothesised that the mannitol challenge would trigger changes in exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs), generating both candidate biomarkers and novel insights into their origin. Methods Participants with a clinical diagnosis of asthma, or undergoing investigation for suspected asthma, were recruited. Inhaled mannitol challenges were performed, followed by a sham challenge after 2 weeks in participants with bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR). VOCs were collected before and after challenges and analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results Forty-six patients (mean (SD) age 52 (16) years) completed a mannitol challenge, of which 16 (35%) were positive, and 15 of these completed a sham challenge. Quantities of 16 of 51 identified VOCs changed following mannitol challenge (p&lt;0.05), of which 11 contributed to a multivariate sparse partial least square discriminative analysis model, with a classification error rate of 13.8%. Five of these 16 VOCs also changed (p&lt;0.05) in quantity following the sham challenge, along with four further VOCs. In patients with BHR to mannitol distinct postchallenge VOC signatures were observed compared with post-sham challenge. Conclusion Inhalation of mannitol was associated with changes in breath VOCs, and in people with BHR resulted in a distinct exhaled breath profile when compared with a sham challenge. These differentially expressed VOCs are likely associated with acute airway inflammation and/or bronchoconstriction and merit further investigation as potential biomarkers in asthma.
The lncRNA HOXA11os regulates mitochondrial function in myeloid cells to maintain intestinal homeostasis
Authors: Liraz Shmuel-Galia, Fiachra Humphries, Tim Vierbuchen, Zhaozhao Jiang, Nolan Santos, John Johnson, Boris Shklyar, Leonel Joannas, Nicholas Mustone, Shany Sherman, Doyle Ward, JeanMarie Houghton, Christina E. Baer, Aisling O’Hara, Jorge Henao-Mejia, Kasper Hoebe, Katherine A. Fitzgerald
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2023)
Toward reaching hepatitis B goals: hepatitis B epidemiology and the impact of two decades of vaccination, Georgia, 2021
Authors: Nino Khetsuriani, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Shaun Shadaker, Maia Tsereteli, Maia Alkhazashvili, Nazibrola Chitadze, Irina Tskhomelidze, Lia Gvinjilia, Francisco Averhoff, Gavin Cloherty, Qian An, Giorgi Chakhunashvili, Jan Drobeniuc, Paata Imnadze, Khatuna Zakhashvili, Paige A Armstrong
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

Background Georgia has adopted the World Health Organization European Region’s and global goals to eliminate viral hepatitis. A nationwide serosurvey among adults in 2015 showed 2.9% prevalence for hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) and 25.9% for antibodies against HBV core antigen (anti-HBc). HBV infection prevalence among children had previously not been assessed. Aim We aimed to assess HBV infection prevalence among children and update estimates for adults in Georgia. Methods This nationwide cross-sectional serosurvey conducted in 2021 among persons aged ≥ 5 years used multi-stage stratified cluster design. Participants aged 5–20 years were eligible for hepatitis B vaccination as infants. Blood samples were tested for anti-HBc and, if positive, for HBsAg. Weighted proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for both markers. Results Among 5–17 year-olds (n = 1,473), 0.03% (95% CI: 0–0.19) were HBsAg-positive and 0.7% (95% CI: 0.3–1.6) were anti-HBc-positive. Among adults (n = 7,237), 2.7% (95% CI: 2.3–3.4) were HBsAg-positive and 21.7% (95% CI: 20.4–23.2) anti-HBc-positive; HBsAg prevalence was lowest (0.2%; 95% CI: 0.0–1.5) among 18–23-year-olds and highest (8.6%; 95% CI: 6.1–12.1) among 35–39-year-olds. Conclusions Hepatitis B vaccination in Georgia had remarkable impact. In 2021, HBsAg prevalence among children was well below the 0.5% hepatitis B control target of the European Region and met the ≤ 0.1% HBsAg seroprevalence target for elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HBV. Chronic HBV infection remains a problem among adults born before vaccine introduction. Screening, treatment and preventive interventions among adults, and sustained high immunisation coverage among children, can help eliminate hepatitis B in Georgia by 2030.
Association Between Wearable Device Measured Activity and Patient-Reported Outcomes for Heart Failure
Authors: Jessica R. Golbus, Kensey Gosch, Mary C. Birmingham, Javed Butler, Ildiko Lingvay, David E. Lanfear, Antonio Abbate, Mikhail L. Kosiborod, C.V. Damaraju, James L. Januzzi, John Spertus, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2023)
Individualized risk assessment of distant metastases in oral cavity carcinoma: a validated predictive-score model
Authors: Badr Id Said, Fatimah A Alfaraj, Gustavo N Marta, Luiz P Kowalski, Hugo F Kohler, Shao H Huang, Jie Su, Wei Xu, Lawson Eng, Fabio Y de Moraes, Ezra Hahn, John J Kim, Brian O’Sullivan, Jolie Ringash, John Waldron, Leandro L Matos, Eitan Prisman, Jonathan C Irish, Christopher M K L Yao, John R de Almeida, David P Goldstein, Andrew Hope, Ali Hosni
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2023)

Abstract Background We aimed to develop and validate a risk-scoring system for distant metastases (DMs) in oral cavity carcinoma (OCC). Methods Patients with OCC who were treated at 4 tertiary cancer institutions with curative surgery with or without postoperative radiation/chemoradiation therapy were randomly assigned to discovery or validation cohorts (3:2 ratio). Cases were staged on the basis of tumor, node, and metastasis staging according to the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control guidelines. Predictors of DMs on multivariable analysis in the discovery cohort were used to develop a risk-score model and classify patients into risk groups. The utility of the risk classification was evaluated in the validation cohort. Results Overall, 2749 patients were analyzed. Predictors (risk score coefficient) of DMs in the discovery cohort were the following: pathological stage (p)T3-4 (0.4), pN+ (N1: 0.8; N2: 1.0; N3: 1.5), histologic grade (G) 3 (G3, 0.7), and lymphovascular invasion (0.4). The DM risk groups were defined by the sum of the following risk score coefficients: high (&amp;gt;1.7), intermediate (0.7-1.7), and standard risk (&amp;lt;0.7). The 5-year DM rates (high/intermediate/standard risk groups) were 30%/15%/4% in the discovery cohort (C-index = 0.79) and 35%/16%/5% in the validation cohort, respectively (C-index = 0.77; both P &amp;lt; .001). In the whole cohort, this predictive model showed excellent discriminative ability in predicting DMs without locoregional failure (29%/11%/1%), later (&amp;gt;2 year) DMs (11%/4%/2%), and DMs in patients treated with surgery (20%/12%/5%), postoperative radiation therapy (34%/17%/4%), and postoperative chemoradiation therapy (39%/18%/7%) (all P &amp;lt; .001). The 5-year overall survival rates in the overall cohort were 25%/51%/67% (P &amp;lt; .001). Conclusions Patients at higher risk for DMs were identified by use of a predictive-score model for DMs that included pT3-4, pN1/2/3, G3, and lymphovascular invasion. Identified patients may be evaluated for individualized risk-adaptive treatment escalation and/or surveillance strategies.
Patient‐reported outcomes for bone regenerative procedures
Authors: Klaus Gotfredsen
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2023)

Abstract Evidence‐based dentistry used for decision‐making and assessment of treatment includes three components: evidence from the literature, clinical expertise, and patient expectations. Patient satisfaction embraces affability, availability, and ability and can be examined using questionnaires or structured questions to the patient to evaluate patient perception of the treatment. The questions can be quantified using dichotomous, point, or visual analog scales. This would be a straightforward patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM). Validated and specific oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) questionnaires such as the oral health impact profile (OHIP), oral impact on daily performance (OIDP), or the dental impact on daily living (DIDL) can be used as PROMs, and these measures are appropriate for population studies, where you can measure changes over time and differences between treatment groups. PROMs have shown to enhance patient engagement when integrated into clinical care. PROMs for bone regenerative procedures are mainly used as secondary outcome and are concentrating on the prosthetic outcome more than the pain, discomfort, anxiety, and cost of the surgical procedures. Surprisingly, most patients are satisfied and willing to have the procedures performed again. Whether this is recall bias or not and how the information’s from the dentist and the team influence the patients answers to PROMs questionnaires are discussed. The importance of patient perspectives in bone regeneration procedures is obvious and combined with clinical outcome measures, it increases our ability to provide better care. Studies using PROMs as a primary outcome variable are required.
The 2023 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease
Authors: Abhishek Abhishek, Sara K Tedeschi, Tristan Pascart, Augustin Latourte, Nicola Dalbeth, Tuhina Neogi, Amy Fuller, Ann Rosenthal, Fabio Becce, Thomas Bardin, Hang-Korng Ea, Georgios Filippou, John Fitzgerald, AnnaMaria Iagnocco, Frédéric Lioté, Geraldine M McCarthy, Roberta Ramonda, Pascal Richette, Francisca Sivera, Mariano Andrés, Edoardo Cipolletta, Michael Doherty, Eliseo Pascual, Fernando Perez-Ruiz, Alexander So, Tim L Jansen, Minna J Kohler, Lisa K Stamp, Janeth Yinh, Antonella Adinolfi, Uri Arad, Thanda Aung, Eva Benillouche, Alessandra Bortoluzzi, Jonathan Dau, Ernest Maningding, Meika A Fang, Fabiana A Figus, Emilio Filippucci, Janine Haslett, Matthijs Janssen, Marian Kaldas, Maryann Kimoto, Kelly Leamy, Geraldine M Navarro, Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini, Carlo Scirè, Ettore Silvagni, Silvia Sirotti, John R Stack, Linh Truong, Chen Xie, Chio Yokose, Alison M Hendry, Robert Terkeltaub, William J Taylor, Hyon K Choi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2023)

Calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease is prevalent and has diverse presentations, but there are no validated classification criteria for this symptomatic arthritis. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and EULAR have developed the first-ever validated classification criteria for symptomatic CPPD disease.Supported by the ACR and EULAR, a multinational group of investigators followed established methodology to develop these disease classification criteria. The group generated lists of candidate items and refined their definitions, collected de-identified patient profiles, evaluated strengths of associations between candidate items and CPPD disease, developed a classification criteria framework, and used multi-criterion decision analysis to define criteria weights and a classification threshold score. The criteria were validated in an independent cohort.Among patients with joint pain, swelling, or tenderness (entry criterion) whose symptoms are not fully explained by an alternative disease (exclusion criterion), the presence of crowned dens syndrome or calcium pyrophosphate crystals in synovial fluid are sufficient to classify a patient as having CPPD disease. In the absence of these findings, a score>56 points using weighted criteria, comprising clinical features, associated metabolic disorders, and results of laboratory and imaging investigations, can be used to classify as CPPD disease. These criteria had a sensitivity of 92.2% and specificity of 87.9% in the derivation cohort (190 CPPD cases, 148 mimickers), whereas sensitivity was 99.2% and specificity was 92.5% in the validation cohort (251 CPPD cases, 162 mimickers).The 2023 ACR/EULAR CPPD disease classification criteria have excellent performance characteristics and will facilitate research in this field.
Whole Genome Duplication and Gene Evolution in the Hyperdiverse Venomous Gastropods
Authors: Sarah Farhat, Maria Vittoria Modica, Nicolas Puillandre
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2023)

The diversity of venomous organisms and the toxins they produce have been increasingly investigated, but taxonomic bias remains important. Neogastropods, a group of marine predators representing almost 22% of the known gastropod diversity, evolved a wide range of feeding strategies, including the production of toxins to subdue their preys. However, whether the diversity of these compounds is at the origin of the hyperdiversification of the group and how genome evolution may correlate with both the compounds and species diversities remain understudied. Among the available gastropods genomes, only eight, with uneven quality assemblies, belong to neogastropods. Here, we generated chromosome-level assemblies of two species belonging to the Tonnoidea and Muricoidea superfamilies (Monoplex corrugatus and Stramonita haemastoma). The two obtained high-quality genomes had 3 and 2.2 Gb, respectively, and 92-89% of the total assembly conformed 35 pseudochromosomes in each species. Through the analysis of syntenic blocks, Hox gene cluster duplication, and synonymous substitutions distribution pattern, we inferred the occurrence of a whole genome duplication event in both genomes. As these species are known to release venom, toxins were annotated in both genomes, but few of them were found in homologous chromosomes. A comparison of the expression of ohnolog genes (using transcriptomes from osphradium and salivary glands in S. haemastoma), where both copies were differentially expressed, showed that most of them had similar expression profiles. The high quality of these genomes makes them valuable reference in their respective taxa, facilitating the identification of genome-level processes at the origin of their evolutionary success.
Examination of Staffing Shortages at US Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Joan F. Brazier, Fangli Geng, Amy Meehan, Elizabeth M. White, Brian E. McGarry, Renee R. Shield, David C. Grabowski, Momotazur Rahman, Christopher Santostefano, Emily A. Gadbois
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Staffing shortages have been widely reported in US nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic, but traditional quantitative research analyses have found mixed evidence of staffing shortfalls. Objective To examine whether nursing home administrator perspectives can provide context for conflicting aggregate staffing reports in US nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design, Setting, and Participants In a qualitative study, convergent mixed-methods analysis integrating qualitative and quantitative data sets was used. Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted between July 14, 2020, and December 16, 2021. Publicly available national Payroll Based Journal data were retrieved from January 1, 2020, to September 30, 2022, on 40 US nursing homes in 8 health care markets that varied by region and nursing home use patterns. Staffing and resident measures were derived from Payroll Based Journal data and compared with national trends for 15 436 US nursing homes. Nursing home administrators were recruited for interviews. Of the 40 administrators who consented to participate, 4 were lost to follow-up. Exposure Four repeated, semistructured qualitative interviews with participants were conducted. Interview questions focused on the changes noted during the COVID-19 pandemic in nursing homes. Main Outcomes and Measures Thematic description of nursing home administrator compensatory strategies to provide context for quantitative analyses on nursing home staffing levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results A total of 156 interviews were completed with 40 nursing home administrators. Administrators reported experiencing staff shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic and using compensatory strategies, such as overtime, cross-training, staff-to-resident ratio adjustments, use of agency staff, and curtailing admissions, to maintain operations and comply with minimum staffing regulations. Payroll Based Journal data measures graphed from January 1, 2020, to September 30, 2022, supported administrator reports showing that study facilities had reductions in staff hours, increased use of agency staff, and decreased resident census. Findings were similar to national trends. Conclusions and Relevance In this qualitative, convergent mixed-methods study, nursing home administrators reported the major staffing strain they experienced at their facilities and the strategies they used to offset staffing shortages. Their experiences provide context to quantitative analyses on aggregate nursing home census data. The short-term compensatory measures administrators used to comply with regulations and maintain operations may be detrimental to the long-term stability of this workforce.