tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic submucosal dissection of a neoplastic lesion in the epiglottis assisted by the use of floss traction
Authors: Yanjun Song, Xin Sun, Chang Ge, Ruyuan Li
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Laryngeal cancers are the most common malignant lesions of the head and neck, with an estimated 13,150 new laryngeal cancers per year in the USA [1]. Treatment of early-stage laryngeal tumors has evolved with, successively, open partial laryngeal surgery, suspension laryngoscopy, and CO2 laser resection [2]. Unfavorable glottic lesions carry concerning implications for voice and swallowing depending on the extent of disease and preoperative laryngeal dysfunction (vocal fold paresis, aspiration, etc.). Endoscopic resection has been adopted by a significant part of the head-and-neck surgical oncologic community because the associated costs and length of hospital stay are lower than those associated with open partial laryngectomy, previously considered the surgical standard of care [3].
Novel low echo reduction function reduces artifacts in endoscopic ultrasound observation of the gallbladder
Authors: Haruka Toyonaga, Tsuyoshi Hayashi, Toshifumi Kin, Masayo Motoya, Kuniyuki Takahashi, Akio Katanuma
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), with its high spatial resolution, is indispensable for diagnosing the nature and invasiveness of gallbladder lesions [1] [2] [3]. The gallbladder and bile ducts are hollow organs that do not originally have internal echo sources and are susceptible to multiple reflections and other artifacts. Recently, a new endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) processor (EVIS EUS EU-ME3; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) was launched that is equipped with a novel anti-artifact function called low echo reduction (LER). LER suppresses low echo areas while maintaining high echo areas, thereby improving contrast without whiteout. LER is usually set at Lv.3 and ranges from 1 (lowest) to 20 (highest). The tissue harmonic echo (THE) mode can reduce artifacts in B-mode images, but LER can provide further artifact reduction, in addition to THE. The LER level can be changed both when the EUS screen is live or paused.
Successful ultrasound-assisted endoscopic removal of a fishbone penetrating the full thickness of the antrum wall
Authors: Kui Zhao, Rui Zhong, Jun Li, Xiangsheng Fu
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

A 57-year-old man presented with upper quadrant abdominal pain after had accidental ingestion of a sharp fishbone a few days earlier. Abdominal computed tomography scan demonstrated a hyperdense needle-shaped structure penetrating the stomach wall ([Fig. 1]). Gastroscopy revealed a hemispherical bulge in the anterior wall of the gastric antrum, with a suspicious sinus opening in the center and white secretions attached ([Fig. 2]). Ultrasound gastroscopy showed a linear hyperechoic lesion ([Fig. 3]). Based on these examinations, a diagnosis of full-thickness penetration of the antrum wall by the fishbone was considered, so we performed an endoscopic submucosal dissection to reveal the fishbone ([Fig. 4]). A fishbone, 3 cm in length, was retrieved using rat tooth forceps ([Fig. 5]). The wound was closed with several metal clips and nylon strings ([Video 1]).
Application of a new loop cutter for nylon lines and the reopenable clip-over-line method for large defect closure after duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Tatsuma Nomura, Shinya Sugimoto, Jun Oyamada, Keiichi Ito, Akira Kamei
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Various mucosal defect closure methods have been developed to close the mucosal defects left after duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Several methods involve a clip and a line, with the line needing to be cut at the end of the procedure [1] [2]. We therefore developed a locking-clip technique, wherein the line is fixed to the clip and then cut after being fixed to the normal mucosa [3] [4]; however, the locking-clip technique takes several minutes to perform. Recently, a disposable loop cutter (FS-5L-1; Olympus) was developed to easily cut the lines and loops [5]. The loop cutter ([Fig. 1]) can be used with an endoscope and a 2.8-mm accessory channel. It has a rotational function and can easily open and close its teeth. The line can easily be cut vertically or tangentially, and the elastic bands can easily be cut as well. We here report the application of the most recent loop cutter after complete defect closure using the reopenable clip-over-line method (ROLM) twice in a patient who underwent duodenal ESD ([Video 1]).
Endoscopic resection of a giant pedunculated lipoma arising from the ileocecal valve and causing ileocolic intussusception
Authors: Panagiotis Kasapidis
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Lipomas are rare, nonepithelial, benign tumors representing 5 % of all gastrointestinal tumors. They are the third most common benign mass in the colon. Colonic lipomas are sessile and infrequently pedunculated. The development of symptoms correlates with their size, with 75 % of lipomas with a diameter of > 4 cm being symptomatic [1] [2].
Contrast enhancement for undetectable intrahepatic bile duct to facilitate endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy
Authors: Takuji Iwashita, Akihiko Senju, Ryuichi Tezuka, Shinya Uemura, Masahito Shimizu
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) has utility as a salvage procedure when transpapillary biliary drainage is too difficult [1] [2] [3]. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound (CE-EUS) allows evaluation of perfusion in real time during endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and can be used to evaluate a range of tumor types [4] [5]. Herein, we demonstrate the use of CE-EUS to visualize the intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD) during EUS-HGS.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided antegrade dilation using a drill dilator for hepaticojejunostomy stricture with cholangioscopic findings
Authors: Takeshi Ogura, Yuki Uba, Mitsuki Tomita, Kimi Bessho, Hiroki Nishikawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

In obstructive jaundice due to hepaticojejunostomy stricture (HJS), drainage has been performed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) [1] [2] [3]. Various techniques have been reported for dilation of the HJS site, including antegrade balloon dilation, self-expandable metal stent deployment, and electrocautery dilation. However, these procedures have the disadvantages of insufficient efficacy, high cost, and risk of bleeding, respectively. A novel drill dilator has recently become available in Japan (Tornus ES; Asahi Intecc, Aichi, Japan) ([Fig. 1]) [4]. This device enables the tract to be easily dilated using a clockwise rotation without using pushing force. We herein describe successful dilation for HJS, with cholangioscopic findings.
Additional stenting for hilar cholangiocarcinoma using a novel delivery device after uncovered metallic stent placements
Authors: Muneji Yasuda, Tomoaki Matsumori, Norimitsu Uza, Masahiro Shiokawa, Takahisa Maruno, Hirokazu Okada, Hiroshi Seno
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

An 86-year-old man who had undergone placement of multiple uncovered self-expandable metal stents (U-SEMSs) by the stent-in-stent (SIS) method for hilar cholangiocarcinoma presented with fever. Blood tests revealed elevated levels of inflammatory markers and liver enzymes. Computed tomography showed intrahepatic bile duct dilatation due to U-SEMS obstruction caused by tumor ingrowth, and peripheral early enhancement probably due to cholangitis ([Fig. 1]).
Self-expandable metal stent placement for malignant obstruction of the proximal colon using single-balloon enteroscopy
Authors: Kenji Nakamura, Shiori Tsubata, Kyoko Arahata, Fumitaka Asahara, Sakiko Takarabe, Hiroshi Kishikawa, Jiro Nishida
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) are widely used around the world for malignant colonic and extracolonic obstruction; however, malignant obstruction in the proximal colon, and complicated and long-segment stenoses are difficult cases [1] [2]. Several articles have reported SEMS placement in the proximal colon using a balloon enteroscopy overtube and the over-the-[guide]wire technique under fluoroscopic guidance, and without endoscopic guidance [3] [4]. The outer sheaths of SEMSs have become thinner, reducing from 10 Fr to 9 Fr, and the short-type single-balloon enteroscope with a 3.2-mm working channel is now available for SEMS placement using a combination of the through-the-scope and over-the-wire techniques.
Retrograde esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection through a gastrostomy
Authors: Satoki Shichijo, Yushi Kawakami, Koji Higashino, Daiki Kitagawa, Yoji Takeuchi, Noriya Uedo
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

A 74-year-old man complained of trismus and was diagnosed with advanced pharyngeal cancer. A preoperative ultrathin endoscopy detected a superficial esophageal tumor, 30 mm in diameter, at the upper thoracic esophagus.
Magnetic kissing for the endoscopic treatment of a complete iatrogenic stenosis of the hypopharynx
Authors: Pietro Mascagni, Andrea Tringali, Ivo Boškoski, Vincenzo Bove, Tommaso Schepis, Vincenzo Perri, Guido Costamagna
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Complete hypopharyngeal stenosis is rare and challenging to treat [1]. A 72-year-old man underwent total laryngectomy with bilateral radical neck dissection, total thyroidectomy, and pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction to treat laryngeal cancer. Following adjuvant radiotherapy, the patient developed an hypopharyngeal stenosis. This was initially treated with endoscopic dilations. However, after 3 years, stricture recurrence led to complete obstruction of the hypopharyngeal lumen that required placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube for nutrition. After failure of endoscopic ultrasound-guided recanalization [2], an endoscopic magnetic compression anastomosis was attempted ([Video 1]). To our knowledge, this approach, used to repair esophageal atresia in children [3], has never been previously attempted in adults.
Immunogenicity and safety of BPZE1, an intranasal live attenuated pertussis vaccine, versus tetanus–diphtheria–acellular pertussis vaccine: a randomised, double-blind, phase 2b trial
Authors: Cheryl Keech, Vicki E Miller, Barbara Rizzardi, Christopher Hoyle, Melinda J Pryor, Jonathan Ferrand, Ken Solovay, Marcel Thalen, Stephanie Noviello, Peter Goldstein, Andrew Gorringe, Breeze Cavell, Qiushui He, Alex-Mikael Barkoff, Keith Rubin, Camille Locht
Journal: The Lancet (2023)
Prolonged response after TPO-RA discontinuation in primary ITP: results of a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Stephanie Guillet, Etienne Crickx, Imane Azzaoui, pascal chappert, Emmanuelle Boutin, Jean-François Viallard, Etienne Riviere, Delphine Gobert, Lionel Galicier, Marion Malphettes, Stéphane Cheze, Francois Lefrere, Sylvain Audia, Bernard Bonnotte, Olivier Lambotte, Nicolas Noel, Olivier Fain, Guillaume Moulis, Mohamed Hamidou, Mathieu Gerfaud-Valentin, Jean-Pierre Marolleau, Louis Terriou, Nihal Martis, Anne-Sophie Morin, Antoinette Perlat, Thomas Le Gallou, Frédérique Roy-Peaud, Ailsa Robbins, Jean-Christophe Lega, Mathieu Puyade, Thibault Comont, Nicolas Limal, Laetitia Languille, Anissa Zarour, Marine Luka, Mickaël Mathieu Ménager, Thibaut Belmondo, Sophie Hue, Florence Canoui-Poitrine, Marc Michel, Bertrand Godeau, Matthieu Mahevas
Journal: Blood (2023)

Sustained response off-treatment (SROT) after thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPO-RA) discontinuation has been reported in ITP. This prospective multicenter interventional study enrolled adults with persistent or chronic primary ITP and complete response on TPO-RAs. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving SROT (platelet count &amp;gt; 30x109/L and no bleeding) at W24 with no other ITP-specific medications. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of sustained complete response off-treatment (SCROT, platelet count &amp;gt; 100x109/L and no bleeding) and SROT at W52, bleeding events, and pattern of response to a new course of TPO-RAs. We included 48 patients with median (IQR) age 58.5 years (41-73.5); 30/48 (63%) had chronic ITP at TPO-RA initiation. In the intention-to-treat analysis, 27/48 (56.2%, 95% CI, 41.2-70.5) achieved SROT; 15/48 (31.3%; 95% CI, 18.9-44.5) achieved SCROT at W24, and 25/48 (52.1%; 95% CI, 37.2-66.7) achieved respectively SROT and 14/48 (29.2%; 95% CI, 17.2-42.3) SCROT at W52. No severe bleeding episode occurred in patients who relapsed. Among patients re-challenged with TPO-RA, 11/12 achieved CR. We found no significant clinical predictors of SROT at W24. Single-cell RNA-seq revealed enrichment of a "TNFα signaling via NF-κB" signature in CD8+ T cells of patients with no sustained response after TPO-RA discontinuation, which was further confirmed by a significant overexpression of CD69 on CD8+ T cells at baseline in these patients as compared with those achieving SCROT/SROT. Our results strongly support a strategy based of progressive tapering and discontinuation of TPO-RAs for patients with chronic ITP who achieved a stable CR on treatment. Clinical trial number: NCT03119974
Re: Andreas Hiester, Yue Che, Achim Lusch, et al. Phase 2 Single-arm Trial of Primary Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection in Patients with Seminomatous Testicular Germ Cell Tumors with Clinical Stage IIA/B (PRIMETEST). Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2022.10.021
Authors: Kirti Singh, Swarnendu Mandal, Manoj Kumar Das, Prasant Nayak, Sambit Tripathy
Journal: European Urology (2023)
Surveillance, Diagnosis, and Treatment Outcome of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Japan: 2023 Update
Authors: Masatoshi Kudo
Journal: Liver Cancer (2023)

SurveillanceThe incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) increased rapidly in Japan after 1978 (Fig. 1), and most cases were caused by hepatitis C virus infection [1][2][3].The mortality of HCC reached a peak in 2002 and has been declining since then.An HCC surveillance program was implemented in Japan after the rapid increase in incidence in the 1980s.At that time, ultrasound devices switched from contact compound scanning to higherresolution electronic scanning, which enabled detection of small intrahepatic lesions measuring ≤2 cm, and the Japan Society of Hepatology (JSH) began to promote surveillance of HCC using ultrasonography and measurement of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels.The JSH focused on improving the early diagnosis of HCC by actively recommending HCC surveillance for patients with chronic viral hepatitis and cirrhosis, who are at high risk for HCC, which led to efforts to lobby the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (MHLW) and hold public information sessions.The latest JSH Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Liver Cancer [4] recommend surveillance by ultrasound examination and measurement of three tumor markers (AFP, Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP fraction (AFP-L3), and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II [PIVKA-II]) every 3-4 months for the super-high-risk HCC population (patients with hepatitis viral B-or C-related cirrhosis), as well as optional dynamic computed tomography (CT) or gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylene penta-acetic acid-enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-EOB-MRI) once or twice a year.The guidelines for the high-risk group (patients with chronic hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis B, and non-viral cirrhosis) include surveillance by ultrasound examination and measurement of three tumor markers once every 6 months.Measurement of the tumor markers PIVKA-II and AFP-L3 became covered by the Japanese National Health Insurance in 1989 and 1996, respectively.This makes Japan the only country in the world where clinicians have been measuring the three tumor markers, AFP, PIVKA-II, and AFP-L3, in routine clinical practice since 1996.
Advances in Microgravity Directed Tissue Engineering
Authors: Yi Cui, Weiyuan Liu, Shuaijing Zhao, Yannan Zhao, Jianwu Dai
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Tissue engineering aims to generate functional biological substitutes to repair, sustain, improve, or replace tissue function affected by disease. With the rapid development of space science, the application of simulated microgravity has become an active topic in the field of tissue engineering. There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating that microgravity offers excellent advantages for tissue engineering by modulating cellular morphology, metabolism, secretion, proliferation, and stem cell differentiation. To date, there have been many achievements in constructing bioartificial spheroids, organoids, or tissue analogs with or without scaffolds in vitro under simulated microgravity conditions. Herein, the current status, recent advances, challenges, and prospects of microgravity related to tissue engineering are reviewed. Current simulated‐microgravity devices and cutting‐edge advances of microgravity for biomaterials‐dependent or biomaterials‐independent tissue engineering to offer a reference for guiding further exploration of simulated microgravity strategies to produce engineered tissues are summarized and discussed.
The pre-existing T cell landscape determines the response to bispecific T cell engagers in multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Mirco J. Friedrich, Paola Neri, Niklas Kehl, Julius Michel, Simon Steiger, Michael Kilian, Noémie Leblay, Ranjan Maity, Roman Sankowski, Holly Lee, Elie Barakat, Sungwoo Ahn, Niels Weinhold, Karsten Rippe, Lukas Bunse, Michael Platten, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Carsten Müller-Tidow, Marc-Steffen Raab, Nizar J. Bahlis
Journal: Cancer Cell (2023)

Bispecific T cell engagers (TCEs) have shown promise in the treatment of various cancers, but the immunological mechanism and molecular determinants of primary and acquired resistance to TCEs remain poorly understood. Here, we identify conserved behaviors of bone marrow-residing T cells in multiple myeloma patients undergoing BCMAxCD3 TCE therapy. We show that the immune repertoire reacts to TCE therapy with cell state-dependent clonal expansion and find evidence supporting the coupling of tumor recognition via major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I), exhaustion, and clinical response. We find the abundance of exhausted-like CD8+ T cell clones to be associated with clinical response failure, and we describe loss of target epitope and MHC class I as tumor-intrinsic adaptations to TCEs. These findings advance our understanding of the in vivo mechanism of TCE treatment in humans and provide the rationale for predictive immune-monitoring and conditioning of the immune repertoire to guide future immunotherapy in hematological malignancies.
The plasticity of biocompatibility
Authors: David F. Williams
Journal: Biomaterials (2023)

Biocompatibility concerns the phenomena that occur within the interactions between biomaterials and human patients, which ultimately control the performance of many facets of medical technology. It involves aspects of materials science, many different forms of engineering and nanotechnology, chemistry, biophysics, molecular and cellular biology, immunology, pathology and a myriad of clinical applications. It is not surprising that an overarching framework of mechanisms of biocompatibility has been difficult to elucidate and validate. This essay discusses one fundamental reason for this; we have tended to consider biocompatibility pathways as essentially linear sequences of events which follow well-understood processes of materials science and biology. The reality, however, is that the pathways may involve a great deal of plasticity, in which many additional idiosyncratic factors, including those of genetic, epigenetic and viral origin, exert influence, as do complex mechanical, physical and pharmacological variables. Plasticity is an inherent core feature of the performance of synthetic materials; here we follow the more recent biological applications of plasticity concepts into the sphere of biocompatibility pathways. A straightforward linear pathway may result in successful outcomes for many patients; we may describe this in terms of classic biocompatibility pathways. In other situations, which usually command much more attention because of their unsuccessful outcomes, these plasticity-driven processes follow alternative biocompatibility pathways; often, the variability in outcomes with identical technologies is due to biological plasticity rather than material or device deficiency.
Caring for young people with gender dysphoria
Authors: Kamran Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (2023)

The debate on gender dysphoria perfectly captures all that is unsavoury about the intersection of science, medicine, and social media.Entrenched, even aggressively argued views are nothing new in science and medicine.But when it comes to gender dysphoria, just as with covid-19, there is little room for constructive dialogue.Unfortunately, what suffers is people's welfare.
Predicting Vibrio cholerae infection and symptomatic disease: a systems serology study
Authors: Kirsten E Wiens, Anita S Iyer, Taufiqur R Bhuiyan, Lenette L Lu, Deniz Cizmeci, Matthew J Gorman, Dansu Yuan, Rachel L Becker, Edward T Ryan, Stephen B Calderwood, Regina C LaRocque, Fahima Chowdhury, Ashraful I Khan, Myron M Levine, Wilbur H Chen, Richelle C Charles, Andrew S Azman, Firdausi Qadri, Galit Alter, Jason B Harris
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2023)

Vibriocidal antibodies are currently the best characterised correlate of protection against cholera and are used to gauge immunogenicity in vaccine trials. Although other circulating antibody responses have been associated with a decreased risk of infection, the correlates of protection against cholera have not been comprehensively compared. We aimed to analyse antibody-mediated correlates of protection from both V cholerae infection and cholera-related diarrhoea.
Molecular basis of polycomb group protein-mediated fetal hemoglobin repression
Authors: Kunhua Qin, Xianjiang Lan, Peng Huang, Megan S. Saari, Eugene Khandros, Cheryl A Keller, Belinda M. Giardine, Osheiza Abdulmalik, Junwei Shi, Ross C. Hardison, Gerd A. Blobel
Journal: Blood (2023)
Non-pharmacological interventions for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents
Authors: Margaret H Sibley, Alisha M Bruton, Xin Zhao, Jeanette M Johnstone, John Mitchell, Irene Hatsu, L Eugene Arnold, Hana H Basu, Laura Levy, Pooja Vyas, Fiona Macphee, Erin Schoenfelder Gonzalez, Megan Kelley, Morgan L Jusko, China R Bolden, Courtney Zulauf-McCurdy, Maychelle Manzano, Gabriela Torres
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2023)
Laboratory-on-a-ship: a microbiology culture media production facility in a sea container for local production in low-resource settings
Authors: Faridath Massou, Adéchinan Ovide Gouton, Borja Palomo, Jean-Claude Senou, Aldous Porta, Barbara Barbé, Dissou Affolabi, Liselotte Hardy
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2023)
Comparison of paediatric emergency department visits for attempted suicide, self-harm, and suicidal ideation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sheri Madigan, Daphne J Korczak, Tracy Vaillancourt, Nicole Racine, Will G Hopkins, Paolo Pador, Jackson M A Hewitt, Batool AlMousawi, Sheila McDonald, Ross D Neville
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2023)