tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neighborhood Environmental Burden and Cardiovascular Health in the US
Authors: Michael Liu, Vishal R. Patel, Renee N. Salas, Mary B. Rice, Dhruv S. Kazi, ZhaoNian Zheng, Rishi K. Wadhera
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the US. However, little is known about the association between cumulative environmental burden and cardiovascular health across US neighborhoods.
Police Violence in Health Care Settings in US Media Coverage
Authors: Altaf Saadi, Victor E. Ray
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Hospitals do not collect or share data tracking their policing and security activities despite their reliance on police and security personnel, including armed officers. Thus, little is known about how hospital security is associated with patient and staff safety. Objective To examine the harms exerted by health care–affiliated police and security personnel. Design, Setting, and Participants For this qualitative study, data were collected using a systematic Media Cloud search for US news media coverage from January 2011 to May 2022. A total of 18 987 articles on policing and hospitals were screened and a content and thematic analysis of articles that met the search criteria was conducted, which involved incidents that revealed harm to patients, patients’ families, and staff. Data were analyzed from October 2022 to April 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Incident year, incident location (hospital name, city, state), survivor and victim characteristics (race and ethnicity, presence of mental illness), and a narrative description of the incident focusing on outcomes of harm exerted by police and security personnel in the health care setting. Results A total of 48 unique stories across 25 US states were included. The median (range) year published was 2017 (2009-2022). Harms reported to have been perpetuated by health care–affiliated police and security personnel were identified within 5 domains from 48 unique incidents: (1) patients shot by police or security personnel (17 patients); (2) patients subject to excessive use of force (17 patients); (3) patients arrested (7 patients); (4) patients subject to sexual assault (2 patients); and (5) hospital personnel or those considered collateral damage shot, injured, or arrested (5 individuals). Most survivors and victims were Black, although the race and/or ethnicity of involved individuals was not routinely reported across the news stories. Mental illness was the most documented medical condition among patients injured or killed by health care–affiliated police and security personnel. Conclusions and Relevance This qualitative study of US news media found that police and security personnel in hospitals were reported to have perpetuated harm via excessive force, sexual assaults, injuring patients and health care workers, and fatal shootings. Compounded by a lack of transparency and accountability mechanisms, this may represent an underrecognized manifestation of structural racism at the organizational level. Policy suggestions include introducing accountability measures, deescalation techniques, and removing arms from hospital security personnel to reduce harm and fulfill health care’s healing mission.
Regional Vulnerability Indices in Youth With Persistent and Distressing Psychoticlike Experiences
Authors: Nicole R. Karcher, Hailey Modi, Peter Kochunov, Si Gao, Deanna M. Barch
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Distressing and persistent psychoticlike experiences (PLEs) in youth are associated with greater odds of developing psychiatric conditions in adulthood. Despite this risk, it is unclear whether early PLEs show similar brain patterns compared with adults with psychiatric and neurologic conditions. Objective To examine the degree to which persistent and distressing PLEs exhibit neural metrics that show similarity to adults with chronic psychiatric and neurologic conditions. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study examining the persistence and distress associated with PLEs across the first 3 waves of data with baseline structural magnetic resonance imaging data. Analyzed data were collected between September 1, 2016, and September 27, 2021. Children were recruited from 21 research sites across the US. Exposures Psychoticlike experiences were assessed using the Prodromal Questionnaire–Brief Child Version, and participants were categorized into groups based on the persistence and distress associated with PLEs. Main Outcomes and Measures Cortical and subcortical regional vulnerability indices (RVIs) were created by quantifying the similarity of participants’ baseline neuroimaging measures to the expected patterns found in adult neuropsychiatric samples. The PLE groups were compared on the following RVI cortical and subcortical metrics: schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, and metabolic diseases. Results Analyses examined PLE groups created from 8242 children in the ABCD sample (52.5% male; mean [SD] age, 9.93 [0.63] years; and 56.3% White), including persistent distressing PLEs (n = 329), transient distressing PLEs (n = 396), persistent nondistressing PLEs (n = 234), transient nondistressing PLEs (n = 390), and low distressing PLEs (n = 6893) groups. Participants with persistent or transient distressing PLEs broadly showed increased subcortical RVI scores across most RVI metrics, with persistent distressing PLEs additionally showing increased scores for cortical RVI metrics. The greatest effect sizes were found for persistent distressing PLEs with cortical RVI-schizophrenia spectrum disorders (β estimate, 1.055; 95% CI, 0.326-1.786) and RVI-Alzheimer disease (β estimate, 2.473; 95% CI, 0.930-4.018). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of ABCD participants, the findings suggest that especially the persistent distressing PLEs in children were associated with neural metrics resembling those observed in adults with severe psychiatric and neurologic conditions. These findings support the potential use of brain-based risk scores for early identification and precision medicine approaches in the assessment of PLEs.
Overdose Prevention Centers, Crime, and Disorder in New York City
Authors: Aaron Chalfin, Brandon del Pozo, David Mitre-Becerril
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance The first government-sanctioned overdose prevention centers (OPCs) in the US opened in New York City (NYC) in November 2021 amid concerns that they may increase crime and disorder, representing a significant political challenge to OPCs. Objective To identify whether opening the first 2 government-sanctioned OPCs in the US was associated with changes in crime and disorder. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cohort study, difference-in-differences Poisson regression models were used to compare crime, residents’ requests for assistance for emergencies and nuisance complaints, and police enforcement in the vicinity of NYC’s 2 OPCs with those around 17 other syringe service programs that did not offer overdose prevention services from January 1, 2019, through December 31, 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures Changes in the volume of crimes reported by the public or observed by police; arrests for drug possession and weapons; 911 calls and 311 calls regarding crime, public nuisances, and medical events; and summonses issued by police for criminal infractions in both the immediate vicinity of the sites (ie, a hexagonal area spanning about 6 city blocks) and their wider neighborhoods (ie, a tesselated 3-hexagon array spanning about 18 city blocks). Results No significant changes were detected in violent crimes or property crimes recorded by police, 911 calls for crime or medical incidents, or 311 calls regarding drug use or unsanitary conditions observed in the vicinity of the OPCs. There was a significant decline in low-level drug enforcement, as reflected by a reduction in arrests for drug possession near the OPCs of 82.7% (95% CI, −89.9% to −70.4%) and a reduction in their broader neighborhoods of 74.5% (95% CI, −87.0% to −50.0%). Significant declines in criminal court summonses issued in the immediate vicinity by 87.9% (95% CI, −91.9% to −81.9%) and in the neighborhoods around the OPCs by 59.7% (95% CI, −73.8% to −38.0%) were observed. Reductions in enforcement were consistent with the city government’s support for the 2 OPCs, which may have resulted in a desire not to deter clients from using the sites by fear of arrest for drug possession. Conclusions and Relevance In this difference-in-differences cohort study, the first 2 government-sanctioned OPCs in the US were not associated with significant changes in measures of crime or disorder. These observations suggest the expansion of OPCs can be managed without negative crime or disorder outcomes.
Chronic Insufficient Sleep in Women Impairs Insulin Sensitivity Independent of Adiposity Changes: Results of a Randomized Trial
Authors: Faris M. Zuraikat, Blandine Laferrère, Bin Cheng, Samantha E. Scaccia, Zuoqiao Cui, Brooke Aggarwal, Sanja Jelic, Marie-Pierre St-Onge
Journal: Diabetes Care (2023)

OBJECTIVE Insufficient sleep is associated with type 2 diabetes, yet the causal impact of chronic insufficient sleep on glucose metabolism in women is unknown. We investigated whether prolonged mild sleep restriction (SR), resembling real-world short sleep, impairs glucose metabolism in women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Women (aged 20–75 years) without cardiometabolic diseases and with actigraphy-confirmed habitual total sleep time (TST) of 7–9 h/night were recruited to participate in this randomized, crossover study with two 6-week phases: maintenance of adequate sleep (AS) and 1.5 h/night SR. Outcomes included plasma glucose and insulin levels, HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values based on fasting blood samples, as well as total area under the curve for glucose and insulin, the Matsuda index, and the disposition index from an oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS Our sample included 38 women (n = 11 postmenopausal women). Values are reported with ±SEM. Linear models adjusted for baseline outcome values demonstrated that TST was reduced by 1.34 ± 0.04 h/night with SR versus AS (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Fasting insulin (β = 6.8 ± 2.8 pmol/L; P = 0.016) and HOMA-IR (β = 0.30 ± 0.12; P = 0.016) values were increased with SR versus AS, with effects on HOMA-IR more pronounced in postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women (β = 0.45 ± 0.25 vs. β = 0.27 ± 0.13, respectively; P for interaction = 0.042). Change in adiposity did not mediate the effects of SR on glucose metabolism or change results in the full sample when included as a covariate. CONCLUSIONS Curtailing sleep duration to 6.2 h/night, reflecting the median sleep duration of U.S. adults with short sleep, for 6 weeks impairs insulin sensitivity, independent of adiposity. Findings highlight insufficient sleep as a modifiable risk factor for insulin resistance in women to be targeted in diabetes prevention efforts.
Patient and Family Outcomes of Community Neurologist Palliative Education and Telehealth Support in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Benzi M. Kluger, Maya Katz, Nicholas B. Galifianakis, Steven Z. Pantilat, Joshua M. Hauser, Ryan Khan, Cari Friedman, Christina L. Vaughan, Yuika Goto, S. Judith Long, Christine S. Martin, Megan Dini, R. Brett McQueen, Laura Palmer, Diane Fairclough, Lauren C. Seeberger, Stefan H. Sillau, Jean S. Kutner
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

Parkinson disease and related disorders (PDRD) are the fastest growing neurodegenerative illness in terms of prevalence and mortality. As evidence builds to support palliative care (PC) for PDRD, studies are needed to guide implementation.
Polygenic Risk Score, Environmental Tobacco Smoke, and Risk of Lung Adenocarcinoma in Never-Smoking Women in Taiwan
Authors: Batel Blechter, Li-Hsin Chien, Tzu-Yu Chen, I-Shou Chang, Parichoy Pal Choudhury, Chin-Fu Hsiao, Xiao-Ou Shu, Jason Y. Y. Wong, Kuan-Yu Chen, Gee-Chen Chang, Ying-Huang Tsai, Wu-Chou Su, Ming-Shyan Huang, Yuh-Min Chen, Chih-Yi Chen, Hsiao-Han Hung, Jia-Wei Hu, Jianxin Shi, Wei Zheng, Anne F. Rositch, Chien-Jen Chen, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Pan-Chyr Yang, Nathaniel Rothman, Chao Agnes Hsiung, Qing Lan
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Estimating absolute risk of lung cancer for never-smoking individuals is important to inform lung cancer screening programs.
Health Disinformation—Gaining Strength, Becoming Infinite
Authors: Peter J. Hotez
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Language Barriers in Care for Low-Risk Febrile Neonates
Authors: Elyse N. Portillo, Angela Ellison
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Characteristics of Melatonin Use Among US Children and Adolescents
Authors: Lauren E. Hartstein, Michelle M. Garrison, Daniel Lewin, Julie Boergers, Monique K. LeBourgeois
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

This survey study describes parent-reported sleep practices, such as prevalence, frequency, and timing of melatonin use, among young people aged 1 to 13 years.
Race, Ethnicity, Language, and the Treatment of Low-Risk Febrile Infants
Authors: Colleen K. Gutman, Paul L. Aronson, Nidhi V. Singh, Michelle L. Pickett, Kamali Bouvay, Rebecca S. Green, Britta Roach, Hannah Kotler, Jessica L. Chow, Emily A. Hartford, Mark Hincapie, Ryan St. Pierre-Hetz, Jessica Kelly, Laura Sartori, Jennifer A. Hoffmann, Jacqueline B. Corboy, Kelly R. Bergmann, Bolanle Akinsola, Vanessa Ford, Natalie J. Tedford, Theresa T. Tran, Sasha Gifford, Amy D. Thompson, Andrew Krack, Mary Jane Piroutek, Samantha Lucrezia, SunHee Chung, Nabila Chowdhury, Kathleen Jackson, Tabitha Cheng, Christian D. Pulcini, Nirupama Kannikeswaran, Larissa L. Truschel, Karen Lin, Jamie Chu, Neh D. Molyneaux, Myto Duong, Leslie Dingeldein, Jerri A. Rose, Carly Theiler, Sonali Bhalodkar, Emily Powers, Muhammad Waseem, Ahmed Lababidi, Xinyu Yan, Xiang-Yang Lou, Rosemarie Fernandez, K. Casey Lion
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Febrile infants at low risk of invasive bacterial infections are unlikely to benefit from lumbar puncture, antibiotics, or hospitalization, yet these are commonly performed. It is not known if there are differences in management by race, ethnicity, or language.
Trends in Prevalence of Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration Among US Children, 1999 to 2018
Authors: Guodong Ding, Chutian Shi, Angela Vinturache, Yongjun Zhang
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

This cross-sectional study analyzes changes in the prevalence of breastfeeding initiation and duration among US children over the past 20 years.
Unusual Tachycardia After Cocaine Use—Reply
Authors: Mazen M. Kawji
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Torsemide vs Furosemide Among Patients With New-Onset vs Worsening Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Selim R. Krim, Senthil Anand, Stephen J. Greene, Anqi Chen, Daniel Wojdyla, Juan Vilaro, Herbert Haught, John M. Herre, Eric L. Eisenstein, Kevin J. Anstrom, Bertram Pitt, Eric J. Velazquez, Robert J. Mentz
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Differences in clinical profiles, outcomes, and diuretic treatment effects may exist between patients with de novo heart failure (HF) and worsening chronic HF (WHF).
Shift From Smoking Cigarettes to Vaping Nicotine in Young Adults
Authors: Brandon T. Sanford, Naomi C. Brownstein, Nathaniel L. Baker, Amanda M. Palmer, Tracy T. Smith, Alana M. Rojewski, Benjamin A. Toll
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

This survey study assesses trends in nicotine use among young adults in the US between 2013 and 2021.
Obesity and Cardiac Conduction Block Disease in China
Authors: Peipei Liu, Yanxiu Wang, Xiaofu Zhang, Zihao Zhang, NaiHui Zhao, Wenli Ou, Guodong Wang, Xuemei Yang, Man Li, Yaya Zhang, Xiuhong Yang, Shouling Wu
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Although a high body mass index (BMI) has been found to be associated with increased risk of cardiac conduction block (CCB) in older adults, no further studies have investigated the association between obesity and CCB in the general population. Objective To investigate the association between obesity and CCB, including its subtypes. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used data from participants in the Kailuan Study in China (2006-2018) who had completed a physical examination in 2006 (baseline) and had not experienced CCB before baseline. Data analysis was conducted from March to September 2023. Exposures Obesity status was defined by BMI in 3 groups: normal weight (18.5 to &amp;amp;lt;24), overweight (24 to &amp;amp;lt;28), and obesity (≥28). Main Outcome and Measures The primary outcome was CCB, which was diagnosed from standard 12-lead electrocardiography. The primary end point included high-grade atrioventricular block (HAVB), complete right bundle branch block, complete left bundle branch block, left anterior fascicular block (LAFB), and left posterior fascicular block. First-degree atrioventricular block (FAVB), second-degree type 1 AVB, HAVB, complete and incomplete right and left bundle branch block, LAFB, and left posterior fascicular block were considered separately as secondary end points. Results Among 86 635 participants (mean [SD] age, 50.8 [11.9] years; 68 205 males [78.7%]), there were 33 259 individuals with normal weight (38.4%), 37 069 individuals with overweight (42.8%), and 16 307 individuals with obesity (18.8%). The mean (SD) follow-up was 10.6 (3.07) years. In the multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, obesity was associated with an increased risk of incident CCB (hazard ratio [HR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04-1.42) vs normal BMI. In secondary analysis, obesity was associated with an increased risk of FAVB (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.21-1.73), HAVB (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.03-3.82), and LAFB (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.03-1.62) vs normal BMI. There was no association between obesity and other CCB subtypes. Obesity was associated with a greater increase in risk of CCB vs normal BMI in older (aged ≥65 years; HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.05-1.96) vs younger (aged &amp;amp;lt;65 years; HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.96-1.34) participants ( P for interaction &amp;amp;lt; .001) and those with diabetes (HR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.24-3.76) vs without diabetes (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.39) (P for interaction = .02). Conclusions and Relevance This study found that obesity was associated with an increased risk of CCB, with greater increases in risk for FAVB, HAVB, and LAFB. Individuals who were older and those who had diabetes had larger increases in risk.
Neighborhood Disadvantage, Race and Ethnicity, and Postpartum Depression
Authors: Ticara L. Onyewuenyi, Kelli Peterman, Eve Zaritsky, Miranda L. Ritterman Weintraub, Bria L. Pettway, Charles P. Quesenberry, Nerissa Nance, Ann-Marie Surmava, Lyndsay A. Avalos
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a debilitating condition with higher rates among Black individuals. Increasingly, neighborhood disadvantage is being recognized as a contributor to poor health and may be associated with adverse postpartum mental health; however, associations between neighborhood disadvantage, race and ethnicity, and PPD have not been examined.
We Have More Tools to Support At-Risk Families Than Just Child Protective Services With Mandated Reporting—Reply
Authors: Howard Dubowitz, Richard P. Barth
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

In Reply We fully agree with Freisthler that there are an array of strategies and tools to protect children; indeed, we never intended to imply that Child Protective Services (CPS) was the only one. The letter creates a misleading strawman.
Super-enhancer RNA m6A promotes local chromatin accessibility and oncogene transcription in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Rui Li, Hongzhe Zhao, Xudong Huang, Jialiang Zhang, Ruihong Bai, Lisha Zhuang, Shujuan Wen, Shaojia Wu, Quanbo Zhou, Mei Li, Lingxing Zeng, Shaoping Zhang, Shuang Deng, Jiachun Su, Zhixiang Zuo, Rufu Chen, Dongxin Lin, Jian Zheng
Journal: Nature Genetics (2023)
Inhibition of the proline metabolism rate-limiting enzyme P5CS allows proliferation of glutamine-restricted cancer cells
Authors: Samantha J Linder, Tiziano Bernasocchi, Bárbara Martínez-Pastor, Kelly D Sullivan, Matthew D Galbraith, Caroline A Lewis, Christina M Ferrer, Ruben Boon, Giorgia G Silveira, Hyo Min Cho, Charles Vidoudez, Stuti Shroff, Joao P Oliveira-Costa, Kenneth N Ross, Rami Massri, Yusuke Matoba, Eugene Kim, Bo R Rueda, Shannon L Stott, Eyal Gottlieb, Joaquin M Espinosa, Raul Mostoslavsky
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2023)