Abstract P5-02-03: Combined biomarker analysis for prediction of pathological complete response (pCR) after 12 weeks of pembrolizumab + trastuzumab + pertuzumab in HER2-enriched early breast cancer: Keyriched-1 trial
Authors: Monika Graeser, Sherko Kuemmel, Oleg Gluz, Friedrich Feuerhake, Valery Volk, Daniel Ulbrich-Gebauer, Claudia Biehl, Mattea Reinisch, Athina Kostara9, Iris Scheffen, Kerstin Luedtke-Heckenkamp, Andreas Hartkopf, Felix Hilpert, Angela Kentsch, Carsten Ziske, Reinhard Depenbusch, Michael Braun, Jens-Uwe Blohmer, Christine zu Eulenburg, Matthias Christgen, Ronald Kates, Stephan Bartels, Hans-Heinrich Kreipe, Enrico Pelz, Peter Schmid, Nadia Harbeck
Journal: Cancer Research (2023)

Abstract Background In unselected HER2+ early breast cancer (EBC), de-escalated chemotherapy-free neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) with dual HER2-blockade induces pCR rates of only 20%-40%. In order to achieve pCR rates by de-escalated therapy comparable to those achieved by chemotherapy-based regimens, patient selection and more effective chemotherapy-free regimens are thus key. KEYRICHED-1 (NCT03988036), a single-arm phase 2 study, is the first trial to investigate chemotherapy-free NAT with dual HER2 blockade and pembrolizumab in HER2-enriched HER2+ EBC. In a translational subproject, we analyzed gene signatures together with tumor cell proliferation and spatiotemporal immune cell profiling to identify predictive factors for pCR. Methods 48 pre- and postmenopausal patients with newly diagnosed HER2 2+ (ISH positive) or 3+ EBC (stage I-III) and HER2-enriched (HER2-E) subtype by PAM50 were included in the study. All patients received 4 cycles of pembrolizumab (200 mg), trastuzumab biosimilar ABP 980 (loading dose (LD) 8 mg/kg bodyweight (BW), maintenance dose (MD) 6 mg/kg BW), and pertuzumab (LD 840 mg/kg BW, MD 420 mg/kg BW) q21d. Primary objective was pCR (centrally confirmed absence of invasive tumor in breast and lymph nodes: ypT0/is, ypN0). NanoString Breast Cancer 360 panel was performed in baseline biopsies (n=42). ≥30% Ki67 decrease, &amp;lt; 500 invasive tumor cells or no evidence of tumor in week 3 biopsies (on treatment) were classified as early response. sTILs were analyzed at baseline (n=42) and week 3 (n=28). Ongoing analyses include whole exome sequencing and multiplexed immunohistochemistry for expression of PD1, PDL1, CD4, CD8, CD68, and CD20 levels in tumor and stroma at baseline and at week 3. Impact of standardized expression of single genes, signatures, and sTILs on pCR was evaluated with univariable and multivariate logistic regression analyses and summarized with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results 42 patients with BC360 and sTILs data at baseline were included in the analysis. Median age was 55 years (range: 22-83), 11 patients (31%) had node-positive EBC. At baseline, 28 patients had sTIL levels ≥30% and 14 had sTILs &amp;lt; 30%; the corresponding pCR rates were 57.1% (n=16) and 28.6% (n=4, p=0.108). At week 3 (on treatment), 16 patients had sTIL levels ≥30%, 50% (n=8) had a pCR vs 8.3% in those with &amp;lt; 30% sTILs (one patient out of 12, p=0.039). 37 patients had early response, 54.1% of them (n=20) had a pCR vs 0% in early non-responders (n=5, p=0.049). In univariate analysis, IDO1, ERBB2, IFNγ, cytotoxic cells, cytotoxicity, CD8 T-cells, TIGIT, and tumor inflammation signatures were statistically significantly associated with pCR (OR 2.3-3.6); ERBB2, IDO1, IFNγ and CD8 T-cells remained significant after adjusting for hormone receptor (HR) and central HER2 status (OR 2.2-4.3). 70 single genes were predictive for pCR; none of them remained significant after false discovery rate adjustment (25%). In multivariable analysis for baseline markers including signatures, sTILs, HR and central HER2 status, only ERBB2 (OR 8.7, 95%CI 1.9-39.0, p=0.0046) and cytotoxic cells signatures (OR 4.6, 95%CI 1.6-13.5, p=0.0059) were predictive for pCR. Results of whole exome sequencing, and multiplexed immunohistochemistry analysis of immune cell markers will be presented at the Symposium. Conclusions Biomarker analysis in the unique KEYRICHED-1 cohort revealed that early response at week 3, ERBB2 and immune related signatures as well as on-therapy sTIL levels predict pCR after a chemotherapy-free combination of immunotherapy and dual HER2 blockade in HER2-enriched EBC. These results pave the way for validation in larger de-escalation trials investigating short, chemotherapy-free regimens in selected patients with HER2+ EBC. Funding for this research was provided by MSD Sharp &amp; Dohme GmbH. Citation Format: Monika Graeser, Sherko Kuemmel, Oleg Gluz, Friedrich Feuerhake, Valery Volk, Daniel Ulbrich-Gebauer, Claudia Biehl, Mattea Reinisch, Athina Kostara9, Iris Scheffen, Kerstin Luedtke-Heckenkamp, Andreas Hartkopf, Felix Hilpert, Angela Kentsch, Carsten Ziske, Reinhard Depenbusch, Michael Braun, Jens-Uwe Blohmer, Christine zu Eulenburg, Matthias Christgen, Ronald Kates, Stephan Bartels, Hans-Heinrich Kreipe, Enrico Pelz, Peter Schmid, Nadia Harbeck. Combined biomarker analysis for prediction of pathological complete response (pCR) after 12 weeks of pembrolizumab + trastuzumab + pertuzumab in HER2-enriched early breast cancer: Keyriched-1 trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-02-03.