tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Synchronous Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and Paraesophageal Parathyroid Adenoma Detected on 18F-Ethylcholine PET/US Fusion Imaging
Authors: Martin Freesmeyer, Ulrich A. Müller, Matthias Männel, Gabriele Mtuka-Pardon, Philipp Seifert
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

An 80-year-old woman with osteoporosis without fractures was referred with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism and elevated calcitonin level. Ultrasound, 99m Tc-pertechnetate scintigraphy, 99m Tc-MIBI scintigraphy, and CT revealed a suspicious thyroid nodule and enlarged submandibular lymph nodes. However, no parathyroid adenoma was depictable. 18 F-choline PET/CT showed increased uptake of the proximal esophagus, but neither CT nor US revealed a parathyroid lesion, and only 18 F-choline PET/US fusion imaging confirmed a paraesophageal parathyroid adenoma. Resection of both medullary thyroid carcinoma and ectopic parathyroid adenoma through a single cervicotomy was conducted (thyroidectomy, neck dissection, extirpation of parathyroid adenoma); parathyroid hormone and calcitonin dropped to normal. Multiple endocrine neoplasia IIa syndrome was suspected.
SPECT/CT Lymphoscintigraphy Guidance Simplifies and Improves Targeted Axillary Dissection of the Clipped Nodes After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Initially Node-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Duygu Has Simsek, Selman Emiroglu, Ravza Yilmaz, Aysel Bayram, Emine Goknur Isik, Mustafa Tukenmez, Serkan Kuyumcu, Memduh Dursun, Mahmut Muslumanoglu, Neslihan Cabioglu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

We assessed the feasibility of SPECT/CT lymphoscintigraphy ( 99m Tc-nanocolloid) method to simplify and improve targeted axillary dissection of clipped axillary lymph node (axLN) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in initially node-positive breast cancer.Fifteen patients who had clip placement to biopsy-confirmed axLN metastasis due to clinically node-positive breast cancer before NAC and underwent SPECT/CT lymphoscintigraphy for surgery after NAC were included into the study. SPECT/CT lymphoscintigraphy was performed to localize the clipped node and to assess if the clipped lymph node (LN) had 99m Tc-nanocolloid uptake or not. In case the clipped node had no uptake on SPECT/CT, the patient was referred to wire-guided localization procedure. Blue dye was also injected for dual mapping of sentinel LN biopsy.All patients had only ipsilateral axLN metastasis. SPECT/CT lymphoscintigraphy showed that clipped LNs were radioavid in 12 of 15 patients (80%). Clipped LNs were not blue-stained in 5 patients (33.3%), and in 2 of them, clipped LNs were radioavid in SPECT/CT. Wire-guided localization was required in only 3 patients (20%) for nonradioavid/blue-stained clipped LNs. Removal of the clipped nodes was confirmed in all cases with a success rate of 100% by specimen graphy.SPECT/CT lymphoscintigraphy seems feasible to determine the clipped LNs intraoperatively without requiring additional invasive methods in most of the patients. This technique simplifies and improves targeted axillary dissection of the clipped axLNs after NAC in initially node-positive breast cancer and can be adapted to clinical practice with further investigations.
Nasal breathing is superior to oral breathing when performing and undergoing transnasal endoscopy: a randomized trial
Authors: Keitaro Takahashi, Yuki Murakami, Takahiro Sasaki, Nobuhiro Ueno, Shion Tachibana, Junpei Ikeda, Kenichi Ishigaki, Masashi Horiuchi, Moe Yoshida, Kyoko Uehara, Yu Kobayashi, Yuya Sugiyama, Takehito Kunogi, Mizue Muto, Katsuyoshi Ando, Momotaro Muto, Shin Kashima, Kentaro Moriichi, Hiroki Tanabe, Nobuyuki Yanagawa, Kazumichi Harada, Takashi Teramoto, Toshikatsu Okumura, Mikihiro Fujiya
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Background Transnasal endoscopy presents a technical difficulty when inserting the flexible endoscope. It is unclear whether a particular breathing method is useful for transnasal endoscopy. Therefore, we conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to compare endoscopic operability and patient tolerance between patients assigned to nasal breathing or oral breathing groups. Methods 198 eligible patients were randomly assigned to undergo transnasal endoscopy with nasal breathing or with oral breathing. Endoscopists and patients answered questionnaires on the endoscopic operability and patient tolerance using a 100-mm visual analog scale ranging from 0 (non-existent) to 100 (most difficult/unbearable). The visibility of the upper-middle pharynx was recorded. Results Patient characteristics did not differ significantly between the groups. Nasal breathing showed a higher rate of good visibility of the upper-middle pharynx than oral breathing (91.9 % vs. 27.6 %; P &lt; 0.001). Nasal breathing showed lower mean [SD] scores than oral breathing in terms of overall technical difficulty (21.0 [11.4] vs. 35.4 [15.0]; P &lt; 0.001). Regarding patient tolerance, nasal breathing showed lower scores than oral breathing for overall discomfort (22.1 [18.8] vs. 30.5 [20.9]; P = 0.004) and other symptoms, including nasal and throat pain, choking, suffocating, gagging, belching, and bloating (all P &lt; 0.05). The pharyngeal bleeding rate was lower in the nasal breathing group than in the oral breathing group (0 % vs. 9.2 %; P = 0.002). Conclusions Nasal breathing is superior to oral breathing for those performing and undergoing transnasal endoscopy. Nasal breathing led to good visibility of the upper-middle pharynx, improved endoscopic operability, and better patient tolerance, and was safer owing to decreased pharyngeal bleeding.
Azygos Vein Enlargement Secondary to Superior Vena Cava Syndrome on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Nuh Filizoglu, Salih Ozguven, Tunc Ones, Halil Turgut Turoglu, Tanju Yusuf Erdil
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Obstruction of the blood flow from the superior vena cava (SVC) to the right atrium causes the SVC syndrome. The azygos system is the most important way to overcome SVC obstruction. Azygos vein enlargement can be seen secondary to the SVC syndrome. Although a few cases showing 18 F-FDG uptake along the SVC in SVC syndrome were reported before, 18 F-FDG PET/CT findings of azygos vein enlargement have not been documented yet. Herein, we presented an intriguing case of azygos vein enlargement secondary to SVC syndrome on 18 F-FDG PET/CT.
IRF8 deficiency induces the transcriptional, functional, and epigenetic reprogramming of cDC1 into the cDC2 lineage
Authors: Telma Lança, Jonas Ungerbäck, Clément Da Silva, Thorsten Joeris, Fatemeh Ahmadi, Julien Vandamme, Marcus Svensson-Frej, Allan McI Mowat, Knut Kotarsky, Mikael Sigvardsson, William W. Agace
Journal: Immunity (2022)

Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) consist of two major functionally and phenotypically distinct subsets, cDC1 and cDC2, whose development is dependent on distinct sets of transcription factors. Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is required at multiple stages of cDC1 development, but its role in committed cDC1 remains unclear. Here, we used Xcr1-cre to delete Irf8 in committed cDC1 and demonstrate that Irf8 is required for maintaining the identity of cDC1. In the absence of Irf8, committed cDC1 acquired the transcriptional, functional, and chromatin accessibility properties of cDC2. This conversion was independent of Irf4 and was associated with the decreased accessibility of putative IRF8, Batf3, and composite AP-1-IRF (AICE)-binding elements, together with increased accessibility of cDC2-associated transcription-factor-binding elements. Thus, IRF8 expression by committed cDC1 is required for preventing their conversion into cDC2-like cells.
MiRNA 24-3p-rich exosomes functionalized DEGMA-modified hyaluronic acid hydrogels for corneal epithelial healing
Authors: Xiaomin Sun, Wenjing Song, Lijing Teng, Yongrui Huang, Jia Liu, Yuehai Peng, Xiaoting Lu, Jin Yuan, Xuan Zhao, Qi Zhao, Yingni Xu, Jingjie Shen, Xiaoyun Peng, Li Ren
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

The damage of corneal epithelium may lead to the formation of irreversible corneal opacities and even blindness. The migration rate of corneal epithelial cells directly affects corneal repair. Here, we explored ocu-microRNA 24-3p (miRNA 24-3p) that can promote rabbit corneal epithelial cells migration and cornea repair. Exosomes, an excellent transport carrier, were exacted from adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells for loading with miRNA 24-3p to prepare miRNA 24-3p-rich exosomes (Exos-miRNA 24-3p). It can accelerate corneal epithelial migration in vitro and in vivo. For application in cornea alkali burns, we further modified hyaluronic acid with di(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate (DEGMA) to obtain a thermosensitive hydrogel, also reported a thermosensitive DEGMA-modified hyaluronic acid hydrogel (THH) for the controlled release of Exos-miRNA 24-3p. It formed a highly uniform and clear thin layer on the ocular surface to resist clearance from blinking and extended the drug-ocular-epithelium contact time. The use of THH-3/Exos-miRNA 24-3p for 28 days after alkali burn injury accelerated corneal epithelial defect healing and epithelial maturation. It also reduced corneal stromal fibrosis and macrophage activation. MiRNA 24-3p-rich exosomes functionalized DEGMA-modified hyaluronic acid hydrogel as a multilevel delivery strategy has a potential use for cell-free therapy of corneal epithelial regeneration.
When should corticosteroids be used for COVID-19 infection?
Authors: Charles Feldman, Grant Waterer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

<b>Findings from the current study and additional platform studies suggests that in COVID-19 patients on intensive respiratory support or high flow nasal oxygen, with symptoms for more than 7 days, corticosteroid use may be associated with a better outcome</b>https://bit.ly/3Aexwth
The epidemiological landscape of multiple myeloma: a global cancer registry estimate of disease burden, risk factors, and temporal trends
Authors: Junjie Huang, Sze Chai Chan, Veeleah Lok, Lin Zhang, Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno, Wanghong Xu, Zhi-Jie Zheng, Edmar Elcarte, Mellissa Withers, Martin C S Wong
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2022)
Novel dual inhibitor for targeting PIM1 and FGFR1 kinases inhibits colorectal cancer growth in vitro and patient-derived xenografts in vivo
Authors: Fanxiang Yin, Ran Zhao, Dhilli Rao Gorja, Xiaorong Fu, Ning Lu, Hai Huang, Beibei Xu, Hanyong Chen, Jung-Hyun Shim, Kangdong Liu, Zhi Li, Kyle Vaughn Laster, Zigang Dong, Mee-Hyun Lee
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2022)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. The pro-viral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (PIM1) is a proto-oncogene and belongs to the serine/threonine kinase family, which are involved in cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is a tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Small molecule HCI-48 is a derivative of chalcone, a class of compounds known to possess anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. However, the underlying mechanism of chalcones against colorectal cancer remains unclear. This study reports that HCI-48 mainly targets PIM1 and FGFR1 kinases, thereby eliciting antitumor effects on colorectal cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. HCI-48 inhibited the activity of both PIM1 and FGFR1 kinases in an ATP-dependent manner, as revealed by computational docking models. Cell-based assays showed that HCI-48 inhibited cell proliferation in CRC cells (HCT-15, DLD1, HCT-116 and SW620), and induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase through modulation of cyclin A2. HCI-48 also induced cellular apoptosis, as evidenced by an increase in the expression of apoptosis biomarkers such as cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 7. Moreover, HCI-48 attenuated the activation of downstream components of the PIM1 and FGFR1 signaling pathways. Using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) murine tumor models, we found that treatment with HCI-48 diminished the PDX tumor growth of implanted CRC tissue expressing high protein levels of PIM1 and FGFR1. This study suggests that the inhibitory effect of HCI-48 on colorectal tumor growth is mainly mediated through the dual-targeting of PIM1 and FGFR1 kinases. This work provides a theoretical basis for the future application of HCI-48 in the treatment of clinical CRC.
A hypometabolic defense strategy against malaria
Authors: Susana Ramos, Temitope W. Ademolue, Elisa Jentho, Qian Wu, Joel Guerra, Rui Martins, Gil Pires, Sebastian Weis, Ana Rita Carlos, Inês Mahú, Elsa Seixas, Denise Duarte, Fabienne Rajas, Sílvia Cardoso, António G.G. Sousa, Jingtao Lilue, Tiago Paixão, Gilles Mithieux, Fátima Nogueira, Miguel P. Soares
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2022)
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

The gut microbiome has been implicated in tumorigenesis and tumor immunity, yet the role of the airway microbiota in lung cancer patients is not well understood.Tsay and colleagues utilized a prospective lung cancer patient cohort to examine the effect of the airway microbiome on response and prognosis.Increased lower airway microbiota diversity and dissimilarity from upper airway microbiota was associated with increased survival.Veillonella parvula-induced dysbiosis resulted in increased inflammation and tumor burden and decreased survival in vivo.Increased IL17, PI3K, and MAPK/ERK pathway expression was observed with dysbiosis and IL17 blockade decreased tumor burden and TME inflammation.
Endoscopy International Open – recently published
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Comment on:Acute obstructive suppurative pancreatic ductitis in pancreatic malignanciesEndosc Int Open 2020; 08(12): E1765-E1768DOI: 10.1055/a-1268-7086Comment on:Incidental detection of colorectal lesions on 18F-FDG-PET/CT is associated with high proportion of malignancy: A study in 549 patientsEndosc Int Open 2020; 08(12): E1725-E1731DOI: 10.1055/a-1266-3308Comment on:Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a case seriesEndosc Int Open 2020; 08(12): E1754-E1758DOI: 10.1055/a-1261-9359
Selected Articles from This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

CycleLongest diameter (cm) Perpendicular diameter (cm) 2D product (cm 2 ) % change in LD % change in 2D Cycle 1 3.3 2.7 8.9 Cycle 45 1.3 1.3 1.7 -60.6% -80.9% Cycle 49 1.2 1.1 1.3 -66.7% -85.4%
Endoscopy International Open – recently published
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Comment on:Novel polyp detection technology for colonoscopy: 3D optical scannerEndosc Int Open 2020; 08(11): E1553-E1559DOI: 10.1055/a-1261-3349Comment on:Duodenal mucosal resurfacing: Multicenter experience implementing a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitusEndosc Int Open 2020; 08(11): E1683-E1689DOI: 10.1055/a-1244-2283Comment on:Is it time for Cold-Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection? A feasibility study in an esophageal and colorectal live porcine modelEndosc Int Open 2020; 08(11): E1595-E1602DOI: 10.1055/a-1223-2127
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Several model systems document the oncogenic potential of ETS family genes in prostate tumorigenesis.Mouse models overexpressing ETS-related gene (ERG) in combination with other genetic alterations such as PTEN loss develop aggressive prostatic adenocarcinomas.Shah and colleagues employed a murine prostate organoid system to examine the effects of ERG on tumorigenesis and to determine mechanisms underlying prostate cancer dependence on ERG.ERG overexpression in the setting of PTEN loss was sufficient to reprogram the androgen receptor (AR) cistrome and drive an AR transcriptional signature that supported prostate tumorigenesis.Proteomic analysis of DNA-bound AR complexes demonstrated that ERG deletion caused a loss of recruitment of critical AR coregulators and basal transcriptional machinery without altering AR binding.Expert Commentary: Murine organoid models demonstrate a novel mechanism of ERG-mediated tumorigenesis and subsequent oncogenic dependencies in prostate cancer.(Image from cited article courtesy of
Selected Articles from This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

High-dose chemotherapy and autologous blood stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) followed by lenalidomide maintenance (LenMT) is the current standard of care for patients with multiple myeloma (MM).However, dose reductions of LenMT are often necessary.Fenk and colleagues performed a clinical trial of MM patients after ASCT and high-dose lenalidomide consolidation therapy (CT) at 25 mg/day were randomized to receive LenMT at either 25 or 5 mg/day.Patients receiving high dose LenMT showed improved PFS compared with patients receiving low dose.Adverse events were more common in patients in the high-dose arm but decreased after dose-adjustments.Therefore, the maximum tolerated dose of LenMT varied among patients and needs to be individually tailored.Long-term follow-up studies may further refine the dosing implications of LenMT.
Significance of native PLGA nanoparticles in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease pathology
Authors: Bibin Anand, Qi Wu, Maryam Nakhaei-Nejad, Govindarajan Karthivashan, Lyudmyla Dorosh, Sara Amidian, Abhishek Dahal, Xiuju Li, Maria Stepanova, Holger Wille, Fabrizio Giuliani, Satyabrata Kar
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is believed to be triggered by increased levels/aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides. At present, there is no effective disease-modifying treatment for AD. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of FDA-approved native poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles on Aβ aggregation and in cellular/animal models of AD. Our results showed that native PLGA can not only suppress the spontaneous aggregation but can also trigger disassembly of preformed Aβ aggregates. Spectroscopic studies, molecular dynamics simulations and biochemical analyses revealed that PLGA, by interacting with the hydrophobic domain of Aβ1-42, prevents a conformational shift towards the β-sheet structure, thus precluding the formation and/or triggering disassembly of Aβ aggregates. PLGA-treated Aβ samples can enhance neuronal viability by reducing phosphorylation of tau protein and its associated signaling mechanisms. Administration of PLGA can interact with Aβ aggregates and attenuate memory deficits as well as Aβ levels/deposits in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. PLGA can also protect iPSC-derived neurons from AD patients against Aβ toxicity by decreasing tau phosphorylation. These findings provide unambiguous evidence that native PLGA, by targeting different facets of the Aβ axis, can have beneficial effects in mouse neurons/animal models as well as on iPSC-derived AD neurons - thus signifying its unique therapeutic potential in the treatment of AD pathology.
Exploring immunotherapy in colorectal cancer
Authors: Junyong Weng, Shanbao Li, Zhonglin Zhu, Qi Liu, Ruoxin Zhang, Yufei Yang, Xinxiang Li
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2022)

Chemotherapy combined with or without targeted therapy is the fundamental treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Due to the adverse effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and the biological characteristics of the tumor cells, it is difficult to make breakthroughs in traditional strategies. The immune checkpoint blockades (ICB) therapy has made significant progress in the treatment of advanced malignant tumors, and patients who benefit from this therapy may obtain a long-lasting response. Unfortunately, immunotherapy is only effective in a limited number of patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H), and segment initial responders can subsequently develop acquired resistance. From September 4, 2014, the first anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drug Pembrolizumab was approved by the FDA for the second-line treatment of advanced malignant melanoma. Subsequently, it was approved for mCRC second-line treatment in 2017. Immunotherapy has rapidly developed in the past 7 years. The in-depth research of the ICB treatment indicated that the mechanism of colorectal cancer immune-resistance has become gradually clear, and new predictive biomarkers are constantly emerging. Clinical trials examining the effect of immune checkpoints are actively carried out, in order to produce long-lasting effects for mCRC patients. This review summarizes the treatment strategies for mCRC patients, discusses the mechanism and application of ICB in mCRC treatment, outlines the potential markers of the ICB efficacy, lists the key results of the clinical trials, and collects the recent basic research results, in order to provide a theoretical basis and practical direction for immunotherapy strategies.
Scalable Formation of Highly Viable and Functional Hepatocellular Carcinoma Spheroids in an Oxygen‐Permeable Microwell Device for Anti‐Tumor Drug Evaluation
Authors: Jianyu He, Chang Zhou, Xiaolei Xu, Zhenzhen Zhou, Mathieu Danoy, Marie Shinohara, Wenjin Xiao, Dong Zhu, Xiuying Zhao, Xiaobin Feng, Yilei Mao, Wei Sun, Yasuyuki Sakai, Huayu Yang, Yuan Pang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

For high-throughput anti-cancer drug screening, microwell arrays may serve as an effective tool to generate uniform and scalable tumor spheroids. However, microwell arrays are commonly anchored in non-oxygen-permeable culture plates, leading to limited oxygen supply for avascular spheroids. Herein, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based oxygen-permeable microwell device is introduced for generating highly viable and functional hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) spheroids. The PDMS sheets at the bottom of the microwell device provide a high flux of oxygen like in vivo neighboring hepatic sinusoids. Owing to the better oxygen supply, the generated HepG2 spheroids are larger in size and exhibit higher viability and proliferation with less cell apoptosis and necrosis. These spheroids also exhibit lower levels of anaerobic cellular respiration and express higher levels of liver-related functions. In anti-cancer drug testing, spheroids cultured in PDMS plates show a significantly stronger resistance against doxorubicin because of the stronger stem-cell and multidrug resistance phenotype. Moreover, higher expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A produces a stronger angiogenesis capability of the spheroids. Overall, compared to the spheroids cultured in conventional non-oxygen-permeable plates, these spheroids can be used as a more favorable model for early-stage HCCs and be applied in high-throughput anti-cancer drug screening.
Unraveling the Mechanobiology Underlying Traumatic Brain Injury with Advanced Technologies and Biomaterials
Authors: Xiaowei Shao, Zhongqian Liu, Shijie Mao, Lin Han
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide health and socioeconomic problem, associated with prolonged and complex neurological aftermaths, including a variety of functional deficits and neurodegenerative disorders. Research on the long‐term effects has highlighted that TBI shall be regarded as a chronic health condition. The initiation and exacerbation of TBI involve a series of mechanical stimulations and perturbations, accompanied by mechanotransduction events within the brain tissues. Mechanobiology thus offers a unique perspective and likely promising approach to unravel the underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms leading to neural cells dysfunction after TBI, which may contribute to the discovery of novel targets for future clinical treatment. This article investigates TBI and the subsequent brain dysfunction from a lens of neuromechanobiology. Following an introduction, the mechanobiological insights are examined into the molecular pathology of TBI, and then an overview is given of the latest research technologies to explore neuromechanobiology, with particular focus on microfluidics and biomaterials. Challenges and prospects in the current field are also discussed. Through this article, it is hoped that extensive technical innovation in biomedical devices and materials can be encouraged to advance the field of neuromechanobiology, paving potential ways for the research and rehabilitation of neurotrauma and neurological diseases.