Neoadjuvant nivolumab (N) + ipilimumab (I) in cisplatin-ineligible patients with upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC).
Authors: Min Yuen Teo, Brendan John Guercio, Eugene J. Pietzak, Maria Ponomarev, Ashley M Regazzi, Colleen Quinlan, David H Aggen, Timothy F. Donahue, Alvin C. Goh, Eugene K. Cha, S. Machele Donat, Guido Dalbagni, Bernard H. Bochner, Samuel A Funt, Dean F. Bajorin, Gopa Iyer, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, Jonathan Coleman, Jonathan E. Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

511 Background: Perioperative platinum-based chemo for UTUC improves pathologic responses and disease-free survival (DFS) while anti-PD1 monotherapy has limited activity to date (PURE-02). Here, we report the results from stage 1 of a phase II neoadjuvant trial of N+I for cisplatin-ineligible patients (pts) with UTUC. Methods: Cisplatin-ineligible pts with histologically confirmed high-grade UTUC and/or radiographically invasive UTUC with positive selective urine cytology were eligible. Pts were treated with I 3mg/kg + N 1mg/kg (weeks [wk] 0, 6), and N 3mg/kg (wk 3) prior to radical nephroureterectomy (NU). The primary endpoint (EP) was pathologic complete response (pCR, ypT0pN0) and secondary EPs included &lt;ypT2pN0 rate, DFS, and toxicity. The study has a Simon optimal two-stage design: if ≥1/9 pts achieved pCR in stage 1, the trial would proceed to accrue 24 total pts. Next generation sequencing of pre-treatment tumors was correlated with pathologic response. Results: Nine pts were enrolled between 2/2021-7/2022 with median age 71 (range 62-86), 89% male. Primary sites included ureter, n=6; renal pelvis, n=2; and both, n=1. Four pts (44%) had hydronephrosis. Median tumor diameter was 3.0 cm, (range: not measurable to 4.2 cm). Six pts (67%) received all planned treatment; N+/-I was stopped early for CTCAE grade 2 hyperthryoidism, n = 1; grade 2 diarrhea, n = 1; and grade 3 pneumonitis, n = 1. Median time from last treatment to NU was 1.7 months (range 0.6-3.7). No progression was noted on systemic therapy and all pts underwent NU, with pCR in 3/9 pts (33%) and &lt;ypT2pN0 in 6/9 (67%). Two pts had metastatic recurrence at 10.3 and 15.6 months after treatment initiation, while 1 pt died of post-op complications related to bowel leak 7.2 months after N+I initiation (4.7 months after NU) and 1 died 9.2 months after N+I initiation (4.7 months after NU) from complications of a fall unrelated to disease, surgery or N+I. Median tumor mutational burden (TMB) in 7 pts with pre-treatment sequencing was 13.2 mutations/megabase (range 6.6-106.3); all 3 pts with TMB&lt;10 were &gt;ypT1 or node positive at NU and all 4 pts with TMB&gt;10 were &lt;ypT1pN0. Three pts (43%) had FGFR3 driver mutations. Three pts had confirmed pathogenic germline variants in mismatch repair genes (MSH2, n=2; MLH1, n=1), all of which achieved pCR (n=1) or ypTaN0 (n=2) and remained alive and disease-free at last follow-up. CTCAE grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 4 pts (1 myasthenia, 1 maculopapular rash, 1 pneumonitis, 1 hepatitis plus elevated lipase). Conclusions: In this cohort of cisplatin-ineligible pts with UTUC, neoadjuvant N+I showed clinical activity meeting the trial’s Simon optimal two-stage design’s criteria to proceed to the second stage. All pts with pathogenic germline variants in mismatch repair genes achieved &lt;ypT1pN0 and remain free of disease. Clinical trial information: NCT03520491 Clinical trial information: NCT03520491 .