tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The safety assessment of COVID-19 vaccine injection in patients with colorectal cancer.
Authors: FangFang Wei, Jun Huang, Lihua Huang, Fengyun Pei, Meijin Huang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

e15585 Background: With the unprecedented morbidity and mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine against COVID-19 has been more and more popularized in general population. However, the safety of COVID-19 vaccine injection in patientswith malignant tumors, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), remains unclear. Methods: During January 2021 and January 2022, 148 CRC patients treated in the department of colorectal surgery in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were enrolled in this cohort. The clinical data and COVID-19 vaccine injection outcome data was collected and analyzed retrospectively. Patients who received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine injection were set as an observation group and those who did not get any vaccine injection were set as a control group. The median follow-up time was 8.0 months, vaccine-related adverse events (VRAEs) were collected by questionnaire. The disease progression status of CRC was also compared between the two groups. Results: Eighty-three CRC (male: female 44:39) patients enrolled in this study have got at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine injection, with a median follow-up time of 8.0 (2.0–13.0) months and no VRAEs reported. Among the vaccinated patients, 51 patients were injected with inactivated vaccine (Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd.), 10 patients were vaccinated with inactivated vaccine (Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd.), others were injected another inactivated vaccine (Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd.). The reasons of the 65 patients (male: female 36:29) who did not injected COVID-19 vaccine including: 53 patients had a concern that vaccination will affect the progress of CRC, 8 patients had a concern of old age to get vaccinated and 4 patients did not give any reason. As for disease progression, 14 patients in the observation group had tumor recurrence or progression, while 8 patients in control group reported tumor recurrence or progression, with a median follow-up time of 8.0 (2.0–13.0) months. There was no significant difference in short-term disease progression between the observation group and the control group (P = 0.439). Conclusions: Under the background of COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination of general population, it might be necessary for the patients with malignant disease, such as CRC, to get vaccinated due to whose weaken immune system. COVID-19 vaccine injection is safe for CRC patients and COVID-19 vaccination would not affect the patients’ prognosis.
A randomized phase III study assessing the efficacy of liquid biopsy in early diagnosis of recurrence and second malignancies in lung cancer survivors.
Authors: Sana Raoof, Daniel Richard Gomez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

TPS10617 Background: Lung cancer survivors are highly enriched for extensive smoking histories and have an increased risk of subsequent primary cancers, including those of the larynx, mouth and throat, esophagus, pancreas, bladder, thyroid, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, and kidney. Guideline-concordant surveillance after definitive treatment for lung cancer consists of periodic chest CT scans, which do not visualize the majority of second malignancies that this population ultimately develops. Disadvantaged and minority patients are diagnosed with recurrence and second primary cancers at later stages due to reduced compliance with survivorship surveillance. To address these issues, we propose utilizing multi-cancer early detection (MCED) liquid biopsies. MCED liquid biopsies are part of a rapidly growing field of research that assesses parallel cancer screening for multiple cancer types with point of care blood, urine, or saliva sampling. We selected a methylation-based screening liquid biopsy for multiple reasons: 1) it has the highest PPV and specificity of any test clinically validated in the multi-cancer detection setting thus far, 2) it produces a tissue of origin, allowing for targeted workup of positive findings, and 3) it requires only a single test, which we believe will minimize attrition among vulnerable populations with decreased access to healthcare. We designed a 9,000-patient prospective, multi-institutional randomized clinical trial to assess the efficacy of liquid biopsy in early diagnosis of recurrence and second malignancies in lung cancer survivors. To ensure over 25% of participants are of minority status, we have recruited multiple community hospitals to the study in partnership with Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Patients included in this study are survivors of non-metastatic non- small cell lung cancer, status-post definitive treatment (surgery or radiation) with no evidence of disease for at least one year. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to standard surveillance or standard surveillance plus six-monthly methylation-based liquid biopsy tests over a two-year study period, and strict guidelines on follow-up of positive liquid biopsy testing will be provided to reduce harms from false positives or over-diagnosis. Methods: The primary endpoint of this study is the incidence of late stage cancer (distant recurrence or new primary cancer of stage III/IV). Secondary endpoints include cancer-specific mortality, eligibility for definitive interventions once cancer is diagnosed, and utilization of liquid biopsy versus standard of care scans. This is the first randomized controlled trial of screening liquid biopsy in a survivorship population and the first trial utilizing liquid biopsy in a large minority population.
GCT-08. Patients with Metastatic Central Nervous System Germinoma Involving the Basal Ganglia and Thalami, a Case Series
Authors: Mohammad Abu-Arja, Richard Graham, Andrea Cappellano, Jonathan Finlay, Ammar Gajjar, John Lucas, Christopher Tinkle, Jeffrey Allen, Mohamed Abdelbaki
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Central nervous system (CNS) germinomas are commonly located in the suprasellar and/or pineal regions. Current treatment strategies include irradiation (RT) alone or chemotherapy with RT to reduce the dose and field of RT. However, given their rarity and poorly defined imaging characteristics, germinomas originating in the basal ganglia/thalami (BGTG) have proven challenging to treat. We present a case series of six patients with metastatic BGTG, given the paucity of published research on patients with metastatic CNS BGTG. METHODS: A retrospective multi-institutional review was performed across four institutions in two countries. RESULTS: Two patients were females, and four were males. The median age at presentation was 14.9 years. Biopsies were performed in all patients except for one patient who underwent subtotal surgical resection of her primary tumor. Three patients received RT only, while the remaining three received chemotherapy with RT. Carboplatin and etoposide were used in all three patients who received chemotherapy. All six patients received craniospinal irradiation (CSI). For patients who received RT only, the CSI dose ranged between (24 – 27.2 Gy) with a total dose to the primary site ranging between (36 – 40 Gy). For patients who received chemotherapy, one patient received 36 Gy with a total dose of 54 Gy to the primary site. The second patient received 24 Gy with a total dose of 40 Gy to the primary site. The CSI dose was not available for the third patient. All patients remain alive with a median event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) of 49 months (range: 14.3 – 168 months). CONCLUSION: In our series, patients with metastatic CNS BGTG treated with CSI with or without chemotherapy had excellent outcomes. Future larger studies are needed to compare the outcomes between CSI only and chemotherapy with low-dose CSI among patients with metastatic CNS BGTG.
Histological variants of prostate cancer are under-reported in prostate biopsies assessed outside tertiary referral centers: A plea for biopsy review for optimal patient management
Authors: F. Pellegrino, S. Scuderi, R. Lucianò, N. Tenace, F. Paparesta, L. Pepi, L. Quarta, L. Toneatto, A. Stabile, E. Mazzone, F. Barletta, M. De Angelis, D. Robesti, D. Cannoletta, A. Pellegrino, V. Cucchiara, R. Leni, G. Gandaglia, A. Cimadamore, R. Montironi, F. Montorsi, A. Briganti
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Real-world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (eNSCLC) in Canada.
Authors: Dylan E O'Sullivan, Devon J Boyne, Chelsea Ford-Sahibzada, Jessica A Inskip, Christopher J Smith, Kaushik Sripada, Darren R Brenner, Winson Y Cheung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

e20504 Background: The prognosis of eNSCLC remains uniformly poor. An understanding of current therapies and outcomes can provide insights into how novel therapies can be integrated into our management paradigm. Methods: We conducted a large, retrospective, population-based cohort study of de novo eNSCLC patients (stages IB, IIA, IIB, and IIIA) diagnosed in Alberta, Canada between 2010-2019 using electronic medical records and administrative claims data. The primary objectives were to describe treatment patterns and survival outcomes among eNSCLC patients. In addition, we examined the association between systemic therapy (ST) and overall survival (OS) using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Results: A total of 5,126 eNSCLC patients were included. The stage distributions were: 31.0% IB, 13.4% IIA, 17.7% IIB, and 37.9% IIIA. The mean (SD) age was 71.3 (10.3) years and 52.5% were female. 45.3% of patients were referred to a medical oncologist, ranging from 23.7% in stage IB and 58.3% of IIIA. Among stage IB and II patients, 59.2% and 58.1% received surgery, respectively, while 25.7% of stage IIIA patients underwent surgery. 23.6% of patients initiated ST, ranging from 3.5% in stage IB to 38.5% in IIIA. ST use increased over the study period by 9.3% and 19.5% in stage IIB and IIIA disease, respectively. Median follow-up for the cohort was 21.86 months; median OS was 28.18 months (95% CI: 26.56-29.69). Median OS for stage IB, IIA, IIB, and IIIA were 49.01 (95% CI: 45.00-54.15), 36.56 (95% CI: 32.94-42.25), 29.23 (95% CI: 25.32-33.11), and 16.50 (95% CI: 15.39-17.59). Findings from the Cox analyses are tabulated (see Table). For stage IIB and IIIA individuals who received surgery, adjuvant ST was also associated with a decreased likelihood of death [hazard ratios (HR) of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.56-1.07) and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.54-0.89), respectively]. Conclusions: In a Canadian real-world setting, stage IIB and IIIA patients who received adjuvant ST tended to have better survival than patients who did not. However, a considerable proportion of patients are not referred to a medical oncologist to be considered for ST. Improving referral pathways appears to be an essential step to ensure that emerging novel therapies are implemented effectively in the real world so that potential survival gains from new drugs can be realized.[Table: see text]
Engineering CpG‐ASO‐Pt‐Loaded Macrophages (CAP@M) for Synergistic Chemo‐/Gene‐/Immuno‐Therapy
Authors: Yuqi Wang, Lingpu Zhang, Yan Liu, Linlin Tang, Juan He, Xiaqing Sun, Muhsin H. Younis, Daxiang Cui, Haihua Xiao, Dong Gao, Xiang‐Yang Kong, Weibo Cai, Jie Song
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Adoptive cell therapy by natural cells for drug delivery has achieved encouraging progress in cancer treatment over small-molecule drugs. Macrophages have a great potential in antitumor drug delivery due to their innate capability of sensing chemotactic cues and homing toward tumors. However, major challenge in current macrophage-based cell therapy is loading macrophages with adequate amounts of therapeutic, while allowing them to play a role in immunity without compromising cell functions. Herein, a potent strategy to construct a macrophage-mediated drug delivery platform loaded with a nanosphere (CpG-ASO-Pt) (CAP) composed of functional nucleic acid therapeutic (CpG-ASO) and chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin (Pt) is demonstrated. These CAP nanosphere loaded macrophages (CAP@M) are employed not only as carriers to deliver this nanosphere toward the tumor sites, but also simultaneously to guide the differentiation and maintain immunostimulatory effects. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that CAP@M is a promising nanomedicine by macrophage-mediated nanospheres delivery and synergistically immunostimulatory activities. Taken together, this study provides a new strategy to construct a macrophage-based drug delivery system for synergistic chemo-/gene-/immuno-therapy.
Machine learning can predict the need for post-PCNL transfusion and infectious complications with an extremely high degree of accuracy: Analysis of UK BAUS PCNL database
Authors: R. Geraghty, W. Finch, S. Fowler, S. Sriprasad, D. Smith, A. Dickinson, Z. Gall, B.K. Somani
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Survival estimates of men with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy in a national cohort
Authors: K.D. Stensland, J.A. Burns, J.B. Sparks, V. Vedapudi, C.H. Chapman, M.E.V. Caram, C. Shin, A. Zaslavsky, A. Tsodikov, T.A. Skolarus
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Pembrolizumab monotherapy for previously untreated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC): 3-year follow-up of the phase 2 KEYNOTE-224 study.
Authors: Ivan Borbath, Jean-Luc Van Laethem, Mark Karwal, Chris Verslype, Hans Van Vlierberghe, Adel Kardosh, Francesca Bergamo, Per Stål, Debashis Sarker, Daniel H. Palmer, Julien Edeline, Stéphane Cattan, Masatoshi Kudo, Ann-Lii Cheng, Sadahisa Ogasawara, Abby B. Siegel, Ken Hatogai, Anran Wang, Arndt Vogel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

4109 Background: Pembrolizumab monotherapy showed durable antitumor activity and a manageable safety profile in patients with sorafenib-treated (cohort 1) and treatment-naive (cohort 2) aHCC in the open-label, phase 2 KEYNOTE-224 (NCT02702414) study. Longer term data from KEYNOTE-224 after ̃3 years of follow-up for patients with treatment-naive aHCC are reported. Methods: Eligible patients in cohort 2 had histologically, cytologically, or radiologically confirmed aHCC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C or B not amenable or refractory to locoregional therapy and not amenable to curative treatment, Child-Pugh A liver function, measurable disease per RECIST v1.1 by blinded independent central review (BICR), and ECOG PS 0 or 1. Patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks for ≤35 cycles (̃2 years). Primary end point was ORR assessed per RECIST v1.1 by BICR. Secondary end points included DOR, DCR, TTP, and PFS, all assessed per RECIST v1.1 by BICR, OS, and safety/tolerability. Results: All 51 patients enrolled in cohort 2 received ≥1 dose of pembrolizumab. Median follow-up, defined as the time from first dose to the data cutoff (October 1, 2021), was 35 months (range, 31-37). ORR was 16% (95% CI, 7-29). Median DOR was not reached (NR; range, 3 to 24+ months); 58% of responders were estimated to have a response duration ≥18 months. Best overall response was 8 (16%) PRs, 21 (41%) SDs, and 17 (33%) PDs; no CRs were observed and response was not evaluable for 2 patients (4%) and not assessed for 3 patients (6%). DCR was 57% (95% CI, 42-71). ORR was generally consistent among patients with a viral and nonviral etiology for HCC, although sample sizes were small. The median TTP was 4 months (95% CI, 3-9). Median PFS was 4 months (95% CI, 2-8). Estimated PFS rate at 24 months was 15%. Median OS was 17 months (95% CI, 8-23). Estimated OS rate at 24 months was 34%. No new or unexpected adverse events (AEs) occurred. Treatment-related AEs were reported in 28 patients (55%; grade 3-5, 8 [16%]). Conclusions: Updated results from cohort 2 of the KEYNOTE-224 study continued to demonstrate durable antitumor activity, promising OS, and manageable safety for pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with aHCC and no prior systemic therapy. These data, together with recent positive results from KEYNOTE-394, underscore the broad applicability of pembrolizumab in patients with aHCC both as monotherapy and in combination with other therapies. Clinical trial information: NCT02702414.
Proclarix aids in resolving indeterminate multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging for the improved diagnosis of prostate cancer
Authors: M. Campistol Torres, J. Morote, H. Pye, A. Athanasiou, A. Celma, L. Regis, J. Planas, A. Santamaria, E. Trilla, R. Schiess, S. Punwani, H. Whitaker, H.U. Ahmed, M. Emberton
Journal: European Urology (2022)
EPEN-24. Biological markers of ependymoma in children and adolescents (BIOMECA): Systematic comparison of methods for the precise evaluation of biomarkers for ependymoma diagnosis and prognostication
Authors: Rebecca Chapman, David R Ghasemi, Pierre LeBlond, Hendrik Witt, Jacques Grill, John-Paul Kilday, Piergiorgio Modena, Pascale Varlet, Arnault Tauziede-Espariat, Christine Haberler, Francesca Buttarelli, Felice Giangaspero, Simon M L Paine, Thomas S Jacques, Ian Scott, Felipe Andreiuolo, Torsten Pietsch, Maura Massimino, Richard Grundy, Kristian W Pajtler, Timothy A Ritzmann
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract The identification and validation of prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers is a key element of The SIOP Ependymoma II trial, realised through the Biomarkers of Ependymoma in Children and Adolescents study (BIOMECA). BIOMECA aims to identify and validate biomarkers for prediction of outcome whilst enhancing stratification for the next generation of ependymoma trials. We outline our findings from the first 147 consecutive BIOMECA cases (posterior fossa, PF=111; supratentorial, ST=32; spinal, SP=4). We compared various methods for biomarker assessment, across six European laboratories to determine key analysis methods. Methods included: methylation-based classification (EPIC 850K DNA methylation array) (n=141); immunohistochemistry (IHC) for nuclear p65-RELA (n=32), H3K27me3 (n=115), and Tenascin-C (TNC) (n=147); copy number (CN) analysis by FISH, MLPA (1q, CDKN2A) (n=147), and MIP (molecular inversion probe) and DNA methylation array (1q, CDKN2A, 6q, 11q, 13q, 22q) (n=141); analysis of ZFTA- and YAP1-fusions by RT-PCR, sequencing, Nanostring assays and break-apart FISH (n=32). Using DNA methylation-based classification, 91% (n=101/111) of PF cases classified as PF ependymoma group A (PFA) and 69% (n=22/32) of ST cases as ST ependymoma, ZFTA fusion-positive (ZFTA). Most PFAs demonstrated inter-centre agreement for loss of H3K27me3, and were TNC positive, representing surrogate markers for PFA identification. Combinations of p65-RELA IHC, FISH analysis, and RNA-based methods were suitable to identify ZFTA- and YAP1- fused ST ependymomas. Predictive CN alterations were identified by high-resolution, quantitative MIP technology.The integration of histopathology assessment and molecular typing is now critical as the updated 2021 WHO CNS5 classification of ependymomas lists seven molecularly distinct entities. This study highlights the importance of evaluating different methods in a prospective trial cohort. Here, advanced molecular techniques represent powerful tools for the classification of ependymoma entities (DNA methylation array) and for the detection of CN alterations (MIP) and specific fusions, enabling the correct classification and identification of prognostic markers.
The prognostic value of Sprouty2 protein in nonsmall cell lung cancer.
Authors: Yusuf Acikgoz, Fatma Unal Yildirim, Yakup Ergun, Gokhan Ucar, Seli̇n Aktürk Esen, Oznur Bal, Dogan Uncu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

e20524 Background: We represent Sprouty 2 (Sprty2) protein expression analysis and its association with key pathological and clinical features of pts with NSCLC as the largest ex-vivo data series. Methods: All IHC stainings were performed using a fully automated IHC staining device (Ventana BenchMark XT, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ). Sprouty2 (Clone: AB_2720609, Cat. Number: PA5-7688; Dilution:1/100, ThermoFisher-Invitrogen) primer antibodies were used in IHC examination. Lung alveolar epithelium and bronchial mucosa were used as positive controls. Staining intensity [0 (no reaction), 1+ (weak reaction), 2+ (moderate reaction), 3+ (strong reaction)] and percentage of positively (PP) stained cells [0 (0%), 1 (&lt; 10%), 2 (11-50%), 3 (51-90%), 4 (&gt; 90%)] were analyzed together to calculate immunreactivity score (IRS) values ranging from 0 to 12. Results: 41 pts' sample were analyzed in this study. Sprty2 staining intensity and percentage were statistically significantly lower in tumor tissue (p &lt; 0.0001). The number of pts with positive Sprty2 expression was 17 (42%) and negative was 24 (58%). The ratio of smoking status, brain and lypmh node metastasis were higher in Sprty2 positive group (Table). OS for patients with Sprty2 positive was lower than those with Sprty2 negative in metastatic patients (6.9 mo vs 13.6 mo, p = 0.023). Sprty2 positive pts had inferior survival compared to Sprty2 negative pts among those with AC histology (7.0 mo vs NR, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Sprty2 expression was decreased in tumor tissue compared to normal lung parenchyma. Paradoxically, Sprty2 positive patients had lower survival in certain subgroups (metastatic disease, AC) compared to those with negative pts. Sprty2 protein may be a new target especially for pts without druggable targets. [Table: see text]
GCT-17. Recurrence of CNS germ cell tumors (GCTs) along biopsy and ventriculostomy tracts
Authors: Mary Claire McGlynn, Monika Drogosiewicz, Stephanie Reiners, Mohamed Abdelbaki
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Central nervous system (CNS) germinoma relapses are rare. However, the latest Children’s Oncology Group (COG), ACNS1123 stratum 2, described three relapses along the biopsy tract out of eight total relapses; two along the biopsy and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) tract and one along the biopsy tract and external ventricular drain. Given these findings, we sought to describe other cases of GCT recurrence along surgical tracts. METHODS: We performed a literature review from 1980-2021 to identify cases of GCT recurrence along biopsy and ventriculostomy tracts. RESULTS: Three patients with pineal lesions were identified (13, 14, and 34-years old). All underwent ETV, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling, and tumor biopsy. Two patients had uncomplicated postoperative courses. One developed persistent hydrocephalus and underwent repeat ventriculostomy. Two were diagnosed with pure germinoma and treated with focal radiotherapy of 45 Gy alone or chemotherapy and radiation (50.4 Gy to the tumor volume and 36 Gy to adjacent high-risk area). The third was treated with methotrexate and corticosteroids. All three had recurrence on surveillance MRI (1-3 years after diagnosis). One had recurrence at the ventriculostomy bur hole site, and two had recurrence along the ventriculostomy tract. On biopsy, all three lesions were germinomas. One received pre-radiation chemotherapy and palliative radiation (36 Gy to surgical bed and 30.6 Gy to surrounding high-risk area). Another received chemotherapy and craniospinal radiation of 15 Gy. The third had a complicated post-biopsy course. He ultimately underwent chemotherapy and radiation (24 Gy). All were still alive at time of report. Two were disease free at 12 and 18 months, while one was still receiving chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Recurrence along the biopsy or ventriculostomy tract is rarely reported in the literature. Future evaluation to determine the incidence could inform if biopsy and ventriculostomy tracts should be included in the radiation therapy field.