tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The language-of-thought as a working hypothesis for developmental cognitive science
Authors: Melissa M Kibbe
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract A science of prelinguistic infant cognition must take seriously the language-of-thought (LoT) hypothesis. I show how the LoT framework enables us to identify the representational and computational capacities of infant minds and the developmental factors that act on these capacities, and explain how Quilty-Dunn et al.'s take on LoT has important upshots for developmental theory-building.
Ending One’s Life Is Not Always a Sign of Psychopathology
Authors: Douglas W. Heinrichs
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Never not the best: LoT and the explanation of person-level psychology
Authors: Louise Antony
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract As Quilty-Dunn et al. observe, the language-of-thought hypothesis (LoTH) has fallen out of favor in philosophy. I will support the arguments made for its rehabilitation by Quilty-Dunn et al. by reviewing old, but still potent arguments for LoTH, and briefly criticizing recent proposed alternatives to LoT, such as Frances Egan's deflationism and Eric Schwitzgebel's dispositionalism, revealing inadequacies in such antirepresentational, antisyntactic theories.
Less marginal bone loss around bone‐level implants restored with long abutments: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Péter Tajti, Eleonora Solyom, Szilárd Váncsa, Péter Mátrai, Péter Hegyi, Gábor Varga, Péter Hermann, Judit Borbély, Anton Sculean, Krisztina Mikulás
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2023)

The aim of this study was to investigate the biological outcomes of bone-level implants restored with long vs. short abutments, with regard to the 'one abutment at one time' protocol. The systematic search was performed in five databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and CENTRAL for randomized controlled trials up to January 14, 2023. Data were collected for marginal bone loss, bleeding on probing, and probing pocket depth by two reviewers. As effect size measure, mean difference (MD), and risk ratio (RR) were used for continuous and categorical outcomes, R-statistics software was used for conducting statistical analyses. For quality and certainty assessment, Risk of Bias Tool 2, ROBINS-I, and GRADE approach were used. The search resulted in 4055 records without any duplicates. After title, abstract, and full-text analysis, eight articles were found eligible for inclusion. Bone-level and platform-switched implants presented less marginal bone loss after 6 months and 1 year as well, when long abutments were used (MD 0.63, 95% CI: [-0.16; 1.42]) and (MD 0.26, 95% CI: [-0.02; 0.53]). However, subgroup analysis revealed no difference in marginal bone loss when applying 'one abutment at one time' protocol (p = 0.973). Bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth presented similarly good results in both groups without almost any differences (RR 0.97, 95% CI: [0.76; 1.23]) and (MD -0.05, 95% CI: [-1.11; 1.01]). Longer abutments on bone-level implants seem to be a favorable choice for decreasing early marginal bone loss, irrespective of connection timing.
A Nano‐Autophagy Inhibitor Triggering Reciprocal Feedback Control of Cholesterol Depletion for Solid Tumor Therapy
Authors: Pengfei Zhang, Yanfeng Shi, Yuanhong Xu, Ye Liang, Chao Huang, Di Zhong, Zhilei Zhang, Yongbo Yu, Zhao Zhang, Jianfeng Zhang, Lei Yu, Yuhui Zuo, Xinsheng Wang, Haitao Niu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Solid tumors are characterized by enhanced metabolism of lipid, particularly cholesterol, inspiring the exploration of metabolic therapy through cholesterol oxidase (COD)‐mediated cholesterol deprivation. However, the therapeutic efficacy of COD is limited due to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and the protective autophagy triggered by cholesterol deprivation. Herein, a combination therapy for metabolically treating solid tumors through COD in conjunction with molybdenum oxide nanodots (MONDs), which serve as both potent oxygen generators and autophagy inhibitors, is reported. MONDs convert H 2 O 2 (arising from COD‐mediated cholesterol oxidation) into O 2 , which is then recycled by COD to form reciprocal feedback for cholesterol depletion. Concurrently, MONDs can overcome autophagy‐induced therapeutic resistance frequently occurring in conventional nutrient deprivation therapy by activating AKT/mTOR pathway phosphorylation. Combination therapy in the xenograft model results in an ≈5‐fold increase in therapeutic efficiency as compared with COD treatment alone. This functionally cooperative metabolic coupling strategy holds great promise as a novel polytherapy approach that will benefit patients with solid tumors.
Animal thought exceeds language-of-thought
Authors: Angelica Kaufmann, Albert Newen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Quilty-Dunn et al. claim that all complex infant and animal reasoning implicate language-of-thought hypothesis (LOTH)-like structures. We agree with the authors that the mental life of animals can be explained in representationalist terms, but we disagree with their idea that the complexity of mental representations is best explained by appealing to abstract concepts, and instead, we explain that it doesn't need to.
Evidence for LoTH: Slim pickings
Authors: David Pereplyotchik
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract In this commentary, I contend that a representative sample of the arguments in the target article miss the mark. In particular, the interface problem provides no warrant for positing similarities between representational formats, and the evidence from neurocognitive, animal, and behavioral studies is inconclusive at best. Finally, I raise doubts about whether the authors' central hypothesis is falsifiable.
Pharmacist-Led Diabetes Control Intervention and Health Outcomes in Hispanic Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Kimberly Danae Cauley Narain, Gerardo Moreno, Douglas S. Bell, Lillian Chen, Chi-Hong Tseng, Robert W. Follett, Samuel Skootsky, Carol M. Mangione
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), Hispanic individuals are more likely than non-Hispanic White individuals to develop diabetes-related complications.To examine the association of a pharmacist-led intervention (UCMyRx) with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) among Hispanic patients with T2D.This quality improvement study used electronic health record data and a difference-in-differences study design to evaluate the association of UCMyRx exposure with changes in HbA1c concentration and SBP among Hispanic patients with T2D, relative to usual care, at University of California, Los Angeles primary care clinics between February and April of 2023. The study population included patients with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision/International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision diagnosis of T2D, self-reporting Hispanic ethnicity, age 18 years or older, with 1 or more visits with a UCMyRx pharmacist (treatment) or 2 or more visits, 2 or more years apart, during the study window (comparison). Additionally, patients had to have the following observations during the study window (March 2, 2013-December 31, 2018): (1) a HbA1c 8% or higher, anywhere between 365 days before and 14 days after the index date (date of the first UCMyRx visit or a randomly generated index date) and a follow-up HbA1c measure within 120 to 365 days after the index date (n = 396) and/or (2) a SBP 140 mm Hg or higher between 365 days before and 14 days after the index date, and a follow-up SBP measure within 120 to 450 days after the index date (n = 795).Pharmacists review laboratory results/vital signs, perform medication reconciliation, and develop personally tailored interventions to address adherence barriers and increase guideline-concordant care.Pre- to post-index date changes in HbA1c and SBP.Of the 931 unique patients with T2D analyzed, the mean (SD) age was 64 (14.1) years, and 552 (59.3%) were female. In adjusted analyses, having 1 or more UCMyRx visits was associated with a reduction in HbA1c concentration (β = -0.46%; 95% CI, -0.84% to -0.07%) but no change in SBP (β = -1.71 mm Hg; 95% CI, -4.00 to 0.58 mm Hg).In this quality improvement study of UCMyRx among Hispanic patients with T2D, a negative association was observed between UCMyRx exposure and HbA1c concentration but not SBP. Pharmacist-led intervention may be a strategy for improving outcomes among Hispanic patients with T2D.
Properties of LoTs: The footprints or the bear itself?
Authors: Sam Whitman McGrath, Jacob Russin, Ellie Pavlick, Roman Feiman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract There are two ways to understand any proposed properties of language-of-thoughts (LoTs): As diagnostic or constitutive. We argue that this choice is critical. If candidate properties are diagnostic, their homeostatic clustering requires explanation via an underlying homeostatic mechanism. If constitutive, there is no clustering, only the properties themselves. Whether deep neural networks (DNNs) are alternatives to LoTs or potential implementations turn on this choice.
Meningococcal carriage in children and young adults: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study, Iceland, 2019 to 2021
Authors: Iris Kristinsdottir, Linda J Visser, Willem R Miellet, Rob Mariman, Gerlinde Pluister, Gunnsteinn Haraldsson, Asgeir Haraldsson, Krzysztof Trzciński, Valtyr Thors
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

BackgroundNeisseria meningitidis is a commensal bacterium which can cause invasive disease. Colonisation studies are important to guide vaccination strategies.AimThe study's aim was to determine the prevalence of meningococcal colonisation, duration of carriage and distribution of genogroups in Iceland.MethodsWe collected samples from 1 to 6-year-old children, 15-16-year-old adolescents and 18-20-year-old young adults. Carriers were sampled at regular intervals until the first negative swab. Conventional culture methods and qPCR were applied to detect meningococci and determine the genogroup. Whole genome sequencing was done on groupable meningococci.ResultsNo meningococci were detected among 460 children, while one of 197 (0.5%) adolescents and 34 of 525 young adults (6.5 %) carried meningococci. Non-groupable meningococci were most common (62/77 isolates from 26/35 carriers), followed by genogroup B (MenB) (12/77 isolates from 6/35 carriers). Genogroup Y was detected in two individuals and genogroup W in one. None carried genogroup C (MenC). The longest duration of carriage was at least 21 months. Serial samples from persistent carriers were closely related in WGS.ConclusionsCarriage of pathogenic meningococci is rare in young Icelanders. Non-groupable meningococci were the most common colonising meningococci in Iceland, followed by MenB. No MenC were found. Whole genome sequencing suggests prolonged carriage of the same strains in persistent carriers.
<i>WNT10A</i> gene variants at the root of short anagen hair syndrome
Authors: Alexandros Onoufriadis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Journal Article WNT10A gene variants at the root of short anagen hair syndrome Get access Alexandros Onoufriadis Alexandros Onoufriadis Conceptualization, Writing - original draft Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece Email: onoufriadis@auth.gr https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5026-0431 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 189, Issue 6, December 2023, Pages 653–654, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljad377 Published: 28 September 2023 Article history Accepted: 17 September 2023 Received: 21 September 2023 Published: 28 September 2023 Corrected and typeset: 02 November 2023
Natural logic and baby LoTH
Authors: Irene Canudas-Grabolosa, Ana Martín-Salguero, Luca L. Bonatti
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract Language-of-thought hypothesis (LoTH) is having a profound impact on cognition studies. However, much remains unknown about its basic primitives and generative operations. Infant studies are fundamental, but methodologically very challenging. By distilling potential primitives from work in natural-language semantics, an approach beyond the corset of standard formal logic may be undertaken. Still, the road ahead is challenging and long.
Food Is Medicine: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association
Authors: Kevin G. Volpp, Seth A. Berkowitz, Shreela V. Sharma, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, LaPrincess C. Brewer, Mitchell S.V. Elkind, Christopher D. Gardner, Julie E. Gervis, Robert A. Harrington, Mario Herrero, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Mark McClellan, Jen Muse, Christina A. Roberto, Justin P.V. Zachariah
Journal: Circulation (2023)

Unhealthy diets are a major impediment to achieving a healthier population in the United States. Although there is a relatively clear sense of what constitutes a healthy diet, most of the US population does not eat healthy food at rates consistent with the recommended clinical guidelines. An abundance of barriers, including food and nutrition insecurity, how food is marketed and advertised, access to and affordability of healthy foods, and behavioral challenges such as a focus on immediate versus delayed gratification, stand in the way of healthier dietary patterns for many Americans. Food Is Medicine may be defined as the provision of healthy food resources to prevent, manage, or treat specific clinical conditions in coordination with the health care sector. Although the field has promise, relatively few studies have been conducted with designs that provide strong evidence of associations between Food Is Medicine interventions and health outcomes or health costs. Much work needs to be done to create a stronger body of evidence that convincingly demonstrates the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different types of Food Is Medicine interventions. An estimated 90% of the $4.3 trillion annual cost of health care in the United States is spent on medical care for chronic disease. For many of these diseases, diet is a major risk factor, so even modest improvements in diet could have a significant impact. This presidential advisory offers an overview of the state of the field of Food Is Medicine and a road map for a new research initiative that strategically approaches the outstanding questions in the field while prioritizing a human-centered design approach to achieve high rates of patient engagement and sustained behavior change. This will ideally happen in the context of broader efforts to use a health equity–centered approach to enhance the ways in which our food system and related policies support improvements in health.
Linguistic meanings in mind
Authors: Alexis Wellwood, Tim Hunter
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract The target article focuses on evidence from nonlinguistic faculties to defend the claim that cognition generally traffics in language-of-thought (LoT)-type representations. This focus creates needed space to discuss the mounting accumulation of nonclassical evidence for LoT, but it also misses relevant work in linguistics that directly offers a perspective on specific hypotheses about candidate LoT representations.
Intraventricular SHH inhibition proves efficient in SHH medulloblastoma mouse model and prevents systemic side effects
Authors: Catena Kresbach, Lea Holst, Melanie Schoof, Tara Leven, Carolin Göbel, Sina Neyazi, Jacqueline Tischendorf, Carolin Loose, Antonina Wrzeszcz, Timur Yorgan, Stefan Rutkowski, Ulrich Schüller
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2023)

Abstract Background Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children and requires intensive multimodal therapy. Long-term survival is still dissatisfying and, most importantly, survivors frequently suffer from severe treatment-associated morbidities. The sonic hedgehog pathway (SHH) in SHH MB provides a promising target for specific therapeutic agents. The small molecule Vismodegib allosterically inhibits SMO, the main upstream activator of SHH. Vismodegib has proven effective in the treatment of MB in mice and in clinical studies. However, due to irreversible premature epiphyseal growth plate fusions after systemic application to infant mice and children, its implementation to pediatric patients has been limited. Intraventricular Vismodegib application might provide a promising novel treatment strategy for pediatric medulloblastoma patients. Methods Infant medulloblastoma-bearing Math1-cre::Ptch1Fl/Fl mice were treated with intraventricular Vismodegib in order to evaluate efficacy on tumor growth and systemic side effects. Results We show that intraventricular Vismodegib treatment of Math1-cre::Ptch1Fl/Fl mice leads to complete or partial tumor remission only 2 days after completed treatment. Intraventricular treatment also significantly improved symptom-free survival in a dose-dependent manner. At the same time, intraventricular application prevented systemic side effects in the form of anatomical or histological bone deformities. Conclusions We conclude that intraventricular application of a SHH pathway inhibitor combines the advantages of a specific treatment agent with precise drug delivery and might evolve as a promising new way of targeted treatment for SHH MB patients.
Is core knowledge in the format of LOT?
Authors: Fei Xu
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract Object individuation provides a test case for the claim that infants already have a prelinguistic language-of-thought (LOT). By 12 months, infants represent several sortal-kinds: Object, agent, animate, and perhaps artifact. Infants have also encountered many words for object kinds, animals, people, and artifacts, therefore it remains a viable hypothesis that language learning may play a causal role in the acquisition of sortal-kinds, contra Quilty-Dunn et al.
The language-of-thought hypothesis as a working hypothesis in cognitive science
Authors: Jake Quilty-Dunn, Nicolas Porot, Eric Mandelbaum
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

The target article attempted to draw connections between broad swaths of evidence by noticing a common thread: Abstract, symbolic, compositional codes, that is, language-of-thoughts (LoTs). Commentators raised concerns about the evidence and offered fascinating extensions to areas we overlooked. Here we respond and highlight the many specific empirical questions to be answered in the next decade and beyond.
Representational structures only make their mark over time: A case from memory
Authors: Sara Aronowitz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract Memory structures range across the dimensions that distinguish language-like thought. Recent work suggests agent- or situation-specific information is embedded in these structures. Understanding why this is, and pulling these structures apart, requires observing what happens under major changes. The evidence presented for the language-of-thought (LoT) does not look broadly enough across time to capture the function of representational structure.
Errors in Figures 2, 3, and 4 and Funding/Support
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Richard C. Dart, MD, PhD; Michael E. Mullins, MD; Theresa Matoushek, PharmD; Anne-Michelle Ruha, MD; Michele M. Burns, MD; Karen Simone, PharmD; Michael C. Beuhler, MD; Kennon J. Heard, MD, PhD; Maryann Mazer-Amirshahi, PharmD, MD, PhD; Christine M. Stork, PharmD; Shawn M. Varney, MD; Alexandra R. Funk, PharmD; Lee F. Cantrell, PharmD; Jon B. Cole, MD; William Banner, MD, PhD; Andrew I. Stolbach, MD; Robert G. Hendrickson, MD; Scott N. Lucyk, MD; Marco L. A. Sivilotti, MD; Mark K. Su, MD; Lewis S. Nelson, MD; Barry H. Rumack, MD
Building‐Block Size Mediates Microporous Annealed Particle Hydrogel Tube Microenvironment Following Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Brian C. Ross, Robert N. Kent, Michael N. Saunders, Samantha R. Schwartz, Brooke M. Smiley, Sarah E. Hocevar, Shao‐Chi Chen, Chengchuan Xiao, Laura A. Williams, Aileen J. Anderson, Brian J. Cummings, Brendon M. Baker, Lonnie D. Shea
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-altering event, which often results in loss of sensory and motor function below the level of trauma. Biomaterial therapies have been widely investigated in SCI to promote directional regeneration but are often limited by their pre-constructed size and shape. Herein, the design parameters of microporous annealed particles (MAPs) are investigated with tubular geometries that conform to the injury and direct axons across the defect to support functional recovery. MAP tubes prepared from 20-, 40-, and 60-micron polyethylene glycol (PEG) beads are generated and implanted in a T9-10 murine hemisection model of SCI. Tubes attenuate glial and fibrotic scarring, increase innate immune cell density, and reduce inflammatory phenotypes in a bead size-dependent manner. Tubes composed of 60-micron beads increase the cell density of the chronic macrophage response, while neutrophil infiltration and phenotypes do not deviate from those seen in controls. At 8 weeks postinjury, implantation of tubes composed of 60-micron beads results in enhanced locomotor function, robust axonal ingrowth, and remyelination through both lumens and the inter-tube space. Collectively, these studies demonstrate the importance of bead size in MAP construction and highlight PEG tubes as a biomaterial therapy to promote regeneration and functional recovery in SCI.