tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PAFR/Stat3 axis maintains the symbiotic ecosystem between tumor and stroma to facilitate tumor malignancy
Authors: Di Zhao, Jing Zhang, Lingyuan Zhang, Qingnan Wu, Yan Wang, Weimin Zhang, Yuanfan Xiao, Jie Chen, Qimin Zhan
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2022)

Stroma surrounding the tumor cells plays crucial roles for tumor progression. However, little is known about the factors that maintain the symbiosis between stroma and tumor cells. In this study, we found that the transcriptional regulator-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) was frequently activated in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which was a potent facilitator of tumor malignancy, and formed forward feedback loop with platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) both in CAFs and tumor cells. Importantly, PAFR/Stat3 axis connected intercellular signaling crosstalk between CAFs and cancer cells and drove mutual transcriptional programming of these two types of cells. Two central Stat3-related cytokine signaling molecules-interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-11 played the critical role in the process of PAFR/Stat3 axis-mediated communication between tumor and CAFs. Pharmacological inhibition of PAFR and Stat3 activities effectively reduced tumor progression using CAFs/tumor co-culture xenograft model. Our study reveals that PAFR/Stat3 axis enhances the interaction between tumor and its associated stroma and suggests that targeting this axis can be an effective therapeutic strategy against tumor malignancy.
Letter to the editor: Could COVID‐19 vaccination reduce postinfection mortality in most patients with cirrhosis?
Authors: Gin‐Ho Lo
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

To the editor, I read with interest regarding the use of COVID‐19 vaccination in patients with cirrhosis. It is well recognized that patients with cirrhosis, especially decompensated individuals, are prone to acquire bacterial infections as well as viral infections. COVID‐19 vaccination is definitely needed for patients with cirrhosis to prevent infection during the pandemic era of COVID‐19 worldwide. Dr. John et al. proved that COVID‐19 vaccination in patients with cirrhosis was safe and associated with reduced COVID‐19 infection as well as the mortality.1,2 Though inspiring, some points need further clarification. Among the studied patients, Child‐Pugh class A accounted for about 77%, and class B accounted for about 21%, whereas <2% of patients belonged to Child‐Pugh class C. This study enrolled very few patients with decompensated cirrhosis. As shown in the patients' characteristics, decompensated parameters such as presence of severe ascites, jaundice, or history of variceal bleeding were rarely found. Also, the safety in patients with low platelet counts and/or poor clotting profiles was not revealed. All these patients similarly require the protection of vaccine against infection with COVID‐19 urgently. The safety of the COVID‐19 vaccine in patients with decompensated cirrhosis may elicit great concern in both patients as well as clinicians. The current study demonstrated only the safety and efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccine in patients with compensated cirrhosis. However, further studies on the safety and efficacy of various COVID‐19 vaccines in patients with decompensated cirrhosis are still awaited.
Similar Rates of Deleterious Copy Number Variants in Early-Onset Psychosis and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Catherine A. Brownstein, Elise Douard, Josephine Mollon, Richard Smith, Margaret A. Hojlo, Ananth Das, Maria Goldman, Emily Garvey, Kristin Cabral, Jianqiao Li, Joshua Bowen, Abhijit S. Rao, Casie Genetti, Devon Carroll, Emma E. M. Knowles, Emma Deaso, Pankaj B. Agrawal, Alan H. Beggs, Eugene D’Angelo, Laura Almasy, Aaron Alexander-Bloch, Zohra Saci, Clara A. Moreau, Guillaume Huguet, Anthony J. Deo, Sébastien Jacquemont, David C. Glahn, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2022)

Copy number variants (CNVs) are strongly associated with neurodevelopmental and psychotic disorders. Early-onset psychosis (EOP), where symptoms appear before 18 years of age, is thought to be more strongly influenced by genetic factors than adult-onset psychotic disorders. However, the prevalence and effect of CNVs in EOP is unclear.The authors documented the prevalence of recurrent CNVs and the functional impact of deletions and duplications genome-wide in 137 children and adolescents with EOP compared with 5,540 individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 16,504 population control subjects. Specifically, the frequency of 47 recurrent CNVs previously associated with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric illnesses in each cohort were compared. Next, CNV risk scores (CRSs), indices reflecting the dosage sensitivity for any gene across the genome that is encapsulated in a deletion or duplication separately, were compared between groups.The prevalence of recurrent CNVs was significantly higher in the EOP group than in the ASD (odds ratio=2.30) and control (odds ratio=5.06) groups. However, the difference between the EOP and ASD groups was attenuated when EOP participants with co-occurring ASD were excluded. CRS was significantly higher in the EOP group compared with the control group for both deletions (odds ratio=1.30) and duplications (odds ratio=1.09). In contrast, the EOP and ASD groups did not differ significantly in terms of CRS.Given the high frequency of recurrent CNVs in the EOP group and comparable CRSs in the EOP and ASD groups, the findings suggest that all children and adolescents with a psychotic diagnosis should undergo genetic screening, as is recommended in ASD.
Substantial somatic genomic variation and selection for BCOR mutations in human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Foad J. Rouhani, Xueqing Zou, Petr Danecek, Cherif Badja, Tauanne Dias Amarante, Gene Koh, Qianxin Wu, Yasin Memari, Richard Durbin, Inigo Martincorena, Andrew R. Bassett, Daniel Gaffney, Serena Nik-Zainal
Journal: Nature Genetics (2022)

Abstract We explored human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from different tissues to gain insights into genomic integrity at single-nucleotide resolution. We used genome sequencing data from two large hiPSC repositories involving 696 hiPSCs and daughter subclones. We find ultraviolet light (UV)-related damage in ~72% of skin fibroblast-derived hiPSCs (F-hiPSCs), occasionally resulting in substantial mutagenesis (up to 15 mutations per megabase). We demonstrate remarkable genomic heterogeneity between independent F-hiPSC clones derived during the same round of reprogramming due to oligoclonal fibroblast populations. In contrast, blood-derived hiPSCs (B-hiPSCs) had fewer mutations and no UV damage but a high prevalence of acquired BCOR mutations (26.9% of lines). We reveal strong selection pressure for BCOR mutations in F-hiPSCs and B-hiPSCs and provide evidence that they arise in vitro. Directed differentiation of hiPSCs and RNA sequencing showed that BCOR mutations have functional consequences. Our work strongly suggests that detailed nucleotide-resolution characterization is essential before using hiPSCs.
Transformation of Mouse Embryo Cells by Vaccinia Virus
Authors: Jadwiga Koziorowska, K. Wlodarski, Natalia Mazurowa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

The carrier state of mouse embryo cells was achieved by infecting these cells with low doses of vaccinia virus. In about 40% of the cultures, the cells underwent morphologic transformation. Morphologic examination and autoradiography revealed continuous presence of vaccinia virus in the transformed cells. Complement-fixation tests, with the use of anti-vaccinia-immune serum, indicated vaccinia structural proteins in the cells. The transformed mouse-embryo cells were more resistant to super-infection than the untransformed cells. In later passages, the content of vaccinia antigens diminished; at the same time, the tumorigenicity of the cells increased.
Deep learning research should be encouraged for diagnosis and treatment of antibiotic resistance of microbial infections in treatment associated emergencies in hospitals
Authors: Chiranjib Chakraborty, Manojit Bhattacharya, Ashish Ranjan Sharma, Sanjiban Sekhar Roy, Md Aminul Islam, Sandip Chakraborty, Shyam Sundar Nandi, Kuldeep Dhama
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2022)
Biomimetic virus-based soft niche for ischemic diseases
Authors: Kshitiz Raj Shrestha, Do Hoon Lee, Woojae Chung, Seung-Wuk Lee, Byung Yang Lee, So Young Yoo
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)

The essential therapeutic cues provided by a nanofibrous arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-engineered M13 phage were exploited as extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking niches, contributing to de novo soft tissue niche engineering. The interplay of biomimetic phage cues with surrounding organ tissues was identified, and cells were implanted between tissues to achieve an appropriate soft tissue niche that enables the proper functioning of the implanted stem cells at the injured site. With the polyacrylamide (PA) hydrogel mimicking the soft tissue organ stiffness ranges, it was found that biochemical and topological cues in conjunction with the ∼1–2 kPa elastic and mechanical cues of engineered phage nanofibers in soft tissues efficiently enhance the desired response of implanted stem cells. This phage cue with angiogenic and antioxidant functions overcomes the pathological environment to support implanted cells and surrounding soft tissues at the ischemic site, thereby successfully decreasing myogenic degeneration, minimizing fibrosis, and enhancing blood vessel regeneration with M2 macrophage polarization by improving the survival of the implanted endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in an ischemic mouse model. These biomimetic phage nanofiber cues are considerably supportive of cell therapy, as they establish promising therapeutic extracellular de novo soft tissue niches for curing ischemic diseases.
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 4, 17 February 1993, Pages 268–270, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.4.268 Published: 17 February 1993
Current Medical Literature
Journal: JAMA (1913)

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Current Medical Literature
Journal: JAMA (1907)

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NEW AND NONOFFICIAL REMEDIES
Journal: JAMA (1942)

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Current Medical Literature
Journal: JAMA (1931)

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Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Intratumor Diversification in Colon CancerAlthough intratumor diversity is well-described, limited amounts of DNA/RNA within cells has hampered addressing this question using a comprehensive multimodal approach.Roerink and colleagues isolated organoids from 4-6 tissue pieces within distinct colorectal cancer/normal colon tissue pairs, combining genomic, transcriptome, and methylome data from independent organoid cultures to generate a phylogenetic tree for each parental tumor.Driver mutations previously implicated in colorectal cancer were enriched in trunks, and organoids derived from the same colorectal cancer pieces were enriched in related branches.Organoids derived from the same primary colorectal cancer pieces still exhibited significant genetic differences from each other, also displaying a wide range of sensitivity to a panel of colorectal cancer drugs, consistent with such changes occurring late in tumor evolution.Expert Commentary: Substantial intratumoral genetic diversity likely drives the significant differences in drug sensitivity found within cells derived from the same colorectal cancer tumor.(Image courtesy of Wikimedia
Fellowships, Grants, Awards
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Fellowships, Grants, Awards Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 1, 4 January 1995, Pages 64–65, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.1.64 Published: 04 January 1995
The Principles and Practice of Medicine. Designed for the use of Practitioners and Students of Medicine.
Journal: JAMA (1895)

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Current Medical Literature
Journal: JAMA (1922)

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Current Medical Literature
Journal: JAMA (1924)

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Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 15, 7 August 1991, Pages 1057–1058, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.15.1057 Published: 07 August 1991
Compend of the Practice of Medicine.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

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Medical Examinations and Licensure
Journal: JAMA (1946)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal