tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reversible Adrenal Insufficiency Induced by Ketoconazole
Authors: W. Stuart Tucker
Journal: JAMA (1985)

KETOCONAZOLE, an imidazole antifungal drug, blocks testicular and adrenal steroid synthesis in a dosedependent and time-dependent manner, presumably correlating with serum levels of ketoconazole.<sup>1-5</sup>Although hypogonadism and gynecomastia caused by ketoconazole have been reported, symptomatic hypoadrenalism has not yet been described,<sup>1,4,6</sup>to the best of our knowledge. We report a patient who developed symptoms and signs of hypoadrenalism while receiving an experimentally high daily dose of ketoconazole. The results of serum and urinary steroid measurements confirmed this clinical impression. All symptoms and signs of adrenal insufficiency resolved promptly following discontinuation of ketoconazole therapy. <h3>Methods</h3> A one-hour intravenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (cosyntropin [Cortrosyn]) test,<sup>7</sup>a 48-hour intravenous ACTH (Cortrosyn) test,<sup>8</sup>and a metyrapone (Metopirone) test<sup>9</sup>were performed during ketoconazole therapy and were repeated after its discontinuation. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A hypertensive 48-year-old black man had an average blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg with methyldopa (Aldomet),
Radiotherapeutic Management of Neuroblastoma in Childhood
Authors: M. Tefft
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The neuroblastoma is a malignant neoplasm of sympathetic tissue origin and can arise in any site where such tissues exist. Its metastatic spread is threefold: direct regional extension along fascial planes; lymphatic extension to regional and distant lymph node echelons; and hematogenous dissemination to bone and soft tissue. Indeed, we have frequently observed all three modes of extension in an individual patient. We have noted previously the ability of irradiation to control this disease.<sup>27</sup>However, one must be mindful of the possibility of spontaneous regression of this neoplasm without specific therapy when one evaluates any mode of therapeutic regimen.<sup>28</sup> Total surgical extirpation of the neuroblastoma is not always possible because of the tendency for early regional extension of this neoplasm. Local irradiation, therefore, plays a major role to eradicate disease. Thus, in the cases of primary involvement of the adrenal medulla, one may find localized extension to involve
Editorial: Disorders of magnesium metabolism in infancy.
Journal: BMJ (1973)

are present.A third experimental approach is to follow up patients with chronic infections of the renal tract, especially those cases in which the principal causative organisms are shown to possess the ability to synthesize nitrosamines.Correlations might appear between tumours in individual patients and the urinary excretion of nitrites or specific nitrosamines.Clinical and epidemiological approaches to problems of this kind are in practice far more complex and difficult than may be apparent.Problems of organization, techniques, and chemical analysis are formidable and present a real challenge to scientific ingenuity.A fourth approach is to study the pattern of tumour incidence in animals exposed to known amounts of specific nitrosamines.Such studies also present problems, principally related to the large number of animals required to establish accurate dose-response relationships, the conduct of experiments using highly toxic and carcino- genic agents, and the extrapolation of the results to man.But as such studies have been started it may be inferred that at least some of the difficulties have been overcome.At present we have no clear quantitative indication of the risk that nitrosamines in the environment may present to man.To some workers in this field the expectation is that the hazards are low, if present at all, though this is still guesswork.However, none would question the desirability of promoting research that will provide more convincing conclusions.
Myocardial performance is modulated by interaction of cardiac endothelium derived nitric oxide and prostaglandins
Authors: P. Mohan, D. L Brutsaert, S. U Sys
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Objective: The endocardial endothelium modulates the performance of the subjacent myocardium and plays an important role in regulating cardiac function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on cardiac function of the mutual interaction of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins released from the endocardial endothelium. Methods: The effects of NO and prostaglandin interaction were investigated in isolated cat papillary muscle (Krebs Ringer; 1.25 mM Ca2+; 35 °C), using substance P (1 μmol · litre−1) to release NO, L-nitro-arginine (L-NOARG:30 μmol · litre−1) to inhibit NO synthase, arachidonic acid (10 μmol · litre−1) to stimulate endogenous prostaglandin (mainly prostacyclin) release, and indomethacin (1 μmol · litre−1), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Results: Administration of substance P resulted in a negative inotropic effect. This response to substance P was abolished by arachidonic acid, while it was preserved in the presence of indomethacin. In the presence of L-NOARG, arachidonic acid induced a positive inotropic effect with prolongation of the twitch duration, while indomethacin reduced the twitch duration. Conclusions: Activation of prostaglandins abolishes the effect of NO, while prostaglandin-induced positive inotropic effect requires NO synthesis inhibition. Accordingly NO and prostaglandins interact to regulate myocardial performance.
Coffee, Tobacco, and Cardiovascular Disease: The Self-Selection Problem
Authors: Richard J. Hickey
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Disparate findings have been reported regarding the question of possible harm to health resulting from coffee drinking.<sup>1-6</sup>The association of coffee and tobacco use<sup>1-4</sup>was suggested as a confounding factor.<sup>1</sup> In a prospective study, Thomas<sup>7</sup>showed significant positive association between coffee drinking and cigarette smoking. A similar finding was also reported by Hrubec.<sup>8</sup>Palotas,<sup>5</sup>using international data, reported significant positive correlation between "apparent per capita coffee consumption and deaths per 100,000 from arteriosclerotic and degenerative heart disease" for 16 countries. For six European countries, grossly similar in diet and climate, a highly significant positive correlation was found. Since significant associations evidently exist between coffee drinking and cigarette smoking on the one hand, and between coffee drinking and risk of certain cardiovascular diseases<sup>9,10</sup>on the other, the suggestion<sup>1</sup>that the "discrepancies" might be related to cigarette smoking needs clarification. Usage
Correlation of Smoking History With Hearing Loss
Authors: Samuel Zelman
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Vascular insufficiency of the cochlear organ is the predominant cause of progressive hearing loss that occurs with age in our society. Smoking reduces blood supply by (1) vasospasm induced by nicotine, (2) atherosclerotic narrowing of vessels, and (3) thrombotic occlusions. Vasospasm induced by smoking causes enlargement of the normal blind spot and reduced threshold of differential brightness. Visual perception is additionally depressed by the levels of carboxyhemoglobin commonly found in the blood of smokers, a hypoxic effect superimposed on the reduced blood supply. Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and unesterified fatty acid levels are increased in smokers, predisposing to atherosclerosis. Diabetics who smoke have a 50% greater incidence of detectable leg atherosclerosis than do nonsmoking diabetics. Platelet adhesiveness is increased in smokers, predisposing to thromboses, and decreased platelet survival is demonstrable in vitro after smoking. Arterial thromboses (coronary, cerebral, retinal, peripheral) are up to three times as frequent in
Spanish Art
Authors: Gerald P. Hodge
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Medical iconography has been reflected in great art through the centuries. Spanish art, in particular, has been characterized by an intense spirit of observation. Commissioned portraits often included recognized disease states incidental to the painting, which at that time were sometimes considered only a part of the subject's personality. With his trained eye for detail and his inherent curiosity in his fellow man, it was natural for the Spanish artist to paint what he saw; he preferred not to obscure reality by flattery. Prior to the Renaissance, Spanish artists were not concerned with realistic portraiture. The early primitive, Romanesque, and Gothic periods produced art of a religious nature; individual characterizations of medical conditions were rare. Paintings were stylized rather than done from a model. In the 20th century, impressionistic and nonrepresentational art has predominated. The following descriptions of artists and their paintings are from the era of Spanish realistic painting
The Biochemistry of the Amino Acids.
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hormone Requirements of the Pregnancy-Dependent Mammary Tumor of GR/A Mice: An In Vitro Study&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN4"&gt;4&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: John W. Harbell, Jackie S. Papkoff, Charles W. Daniel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

The hormones required for cell replication and structural integrity of the inbred GR/A mouse strain-derived, pregnancy-dependent mammary tumor (PDT) were studied with the use of explant organ culture. Through 6 days of culture, a combination of insulin (I), progesterone (P), and prolactin was sufficient to maintain continued cell replication, tissue architecture, and cell integrity. In contrast, the GR/A pregnancy-independent mammary tumors (PIT) required only I to sustain cell replication. Syngeneic transplants of PDT explants after culture yielded predominantly ductal outgrowths with no PIT. These findings are consistent with data obtained in vivo and suggest that the extreme dependence of this tumor on the hormones of pregnancy is best accounted for by considering P to be the pivotal control hormone which, in turn, acts with constitutively present I and pregnancy-stimulated pituitary and placental prolactin activities to promote tumor growth.
Chemoimmunotherapy of a Friend Leukemia With Cells Secondarily Sensitized In Vitro: Effect of Culture Duration on Therapeutic Efficacy&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Although in vivo-primed cells are known to be rendered more effective in adoptive tumor therapy by secondary sensitization in vitro, they were tested only at the time of maximum in vitro cytolytic reactivity. Since the requirements for in vitro cytotoxicity and tumor therapy differ, the present study was designed to evaluate and compare the influence of culture duration on these two effector functions. Spleen cells from inbred C57BL/6 mice primed in vivo with the Friend virus-induced leukemia FBL-3 were secondarily sensitized in vitro by culture with tumor and tested for cytotoxicity in vitro in a 4-hour 51Cr release assay and for therapeutic efficacy in vivo against established tumor. In vivo-primed cells tested directly without prior culture were effective in therapy but were not cytotoxic in vitro. Culture of primed cells for 3 days rendered them cytotoxic as measured in vitro. This cytotoxicity increased through day 5, then it plateaued. Culture duration modified the in vivo efficacy of primed cells differently. Cells cultured for 3 days with secondary sensitization by tumor became more effective in tumor therapy than noncultured primed cells. Increasing the duration of in vitro sensitization from 3 to 5 days did not enhance in vivo therapeutic efficacy, despite a concurrent increase in in vitro cytotoxicity. However, further lengthening of the culture duration to 7 days rendered cells more effective in vivo. These discrepancies presumably reflect different effector cell requirements and/or regulation operative for tumor lysis during a short-term in vitro assay and for tumor eradication following adoptive transfer of immune cells in vivo.
Effects of Chemotherapeutic and Other Agents on Cellular Electrophoretic Mobility&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

The real electrophoretic mobilities of some cells increase with environmental temperature, and previous work indicated this might be due to metabolically linked conformational changes at the cell surface. In addition, it is known that cellular electrophoretic mobility varies with phase of the mitotic cycle and growth rate. The present experiments explore the possible linkage between cell temperature, metabolism and electrophoretic mobility, and the feasibility of use of electrokinetic measurements for rapid in vitro tests of the susceptibility of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents. The results indicate that severe depression of oxygen utilization, anaerobic glycolysis, and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation can occur, with no appreciable alteration in cellular electrophoretic mobility. Measurements of this type therefore cannot be used for screening, on the present evidence. Temperature-dependent mobility changes appear to be due to an interaction of the cell surface with serum constituents together with expansive movements, which induce conformational change.
Do Low Levels of Iron Affect Body's Ability to Regulate Temperature, Experience Cold?
Authors: Timothy F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1988)

IN PENNSYLVANIA, one researcher was placing women volunteers into cold baths and recording their temperatures. At about the same time, another researcher was flying women volunteers to North Dakota and seating them on a chaise longue in a cold room until they got goose bumps. Both researchers are nutritionists interested in iron nourishment. Both wanted to see if low levels of iron affect the body's ability to regulate temperature. Women are better subjects, these researchers say, because they are more likely to become iron deficient as a result of iron losses with menstruation. (Both researchers have been measuring levels of the iron-carrying protein ferritin in the blood.) Neither researcher was aware of the other's project until each was well into the work and by chance they encountered each other at a conference. <h3>Experiencing Cold</h3> The researchers have remarkably similar findings and each has come to a similar conclusion: iron-deficient women
The Neuroses of the Genito-Urinary System in the Male, with Sterility and Impotence.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
High-Altitude Syncope: History Repeats Itself
Authors: Charles V. Perrill
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Nicholas et al<sup>1</sup>entitled "Is Syncope Related to Moderate Altitude Exposure?" is exciting; however, extensive research on moderate- and high-altitude syncope was performed about 80 years ago, and<i>JAMA</i>published an article about the physiology of much of this in 1918.<sup>2</sup> In 1912, investigations into the stress effects of altitude were made by the "Anglo-American Expedition to Pike's Peak," involving a remarkable quartet of physiologists—Douglas, Haldane, Henderson, and Schneider. These basic studies were published in England as a 146-page article in 1913.<sup>3</sup>Schneider, at the University of Colorado, acted as the host of this expedition. By 1915, Yandel Henderson at Yale University had developed his rather hazardous rebreathing apparatus. Breathing for 10 to 15 minutes into this spirometer (when it was set to hold 55 L of confined air) accurately produced the anoxic syndrome that develops when oxygen thins out (or
Hypouricemia in the Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
Authors: Gilles Lugassy
Journal: JAMA (1983)

HYPOURICEMIA is generally a result of impaired handling of uric acid by the renal tubule. It has been reported in Wilson's disease, heavy metal poisoning, and occasionally in malignant neoplasms. The latter inelude Hodgkin's disease, lung carcinoma, multiple myeloma, and acute myeloid leukemia.<sup>1-3</sup>We recently encountered a patient with severe hypouricemia associated with the hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 60-year-old man was hospitalized after three weeks of high temperatures, night sweats, progressive weakness, and weight loss. The patient denied having any personal or family history of atopy. On admission, he appeared pale and cachectic, the temperature was 38 °C, the pulse rate was 90 beats per minute and irregular, and the BP was 100/60 mm Hg. The relevant physical findings included an apical midsystolic murmur (grade 2/6), hepatosplenomegaly, and generalized lymphadenopathy. A chest roentgenogram was normal. An ECG showed atrial fibrillation. An echocardiogram disclosed an
A Method for the Amplification of Chemically Induced Transformation in C3H/10T1/2 Clone 8 Cells: Its Use as a Potential Screening Assay&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Schechtman, Leonard M., Kiss, Edith, McCarvill, John, Nims, Ray, Kouri, Richard E., Lubet, Ronald A.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Journal Article A Method for the Amplification of Chemically Induced Transformation in C3H/10T1/2 Clone 8 Cells: Its Use as a Potential Screening Assay Get access Leonard M. Schechtman, Leonard M. Schechtman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edith Kiss, Edith Kiss Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John McCarvill, John McCarvill Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ray Nims, Ray Nims Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard E. Kouri, Richard E. Kouri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ronald A. Lubet Ronald A. Lubet Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 79, Issue 3, September 1987, Pages 487–498, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/79.3.487 Published: 01 September 1987 Article history Received: 10 September 1985 Revision received: 05 March 1987 Accepted: 18 March 1987 Published: 01 September 1987
Oral Diseases: A Practical Treatise Offering Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aid to the Practitioner of Medicine and Dentistry.
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DNA Banding Patterns in Carcinoma of the Bladder
Authors: William H. Falor
Journal: JAMA (1973)

With the introduction in 1970 of DNA staining techniques productive of specific banding patterns in each chromosome, detailed chromosomal morphology became apparent, and precise karyotyping was a reality. To study the banding patterns of malignant tumors, six moderately well-differentiated transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder subjected to the direct squash procedure were stained by the acid-saline-Giemsa technique. Chromosomes A-2, B-4, and D-13 showed the most consistent patterns. Two marker chromosomes characterized the six tumors: marker l, a long submetacentric, was present in 66% of the karyotypes and marker II, resembling a B-4, was present in 28%. These markers, coupled with the subtetraploid mode of the six tumors, were unique when compared with well-differentiated and poorly differentiated bladder carcinomas. Potentially, DNA banding provides a more accurate method of classification, including assay of invasiveness, of malignant neoplasms of the bladder.
Correction: Article on Overexpression of h-prune in Breast Cancer
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

In the article on h-prune, and clinicopathologic studies in the January 1, 2005, issue of Clinical Cancer Research, the author Massimo Zollo was incorrectly listed as being affiliated with Centro di ricerca per l’ingengneria genetica di Napoli; his correct affiliation follows:CEINGE, Naples, ItalyZollo M, Andre A, Cossu A, et al. Overexpression of h-prune in breast cancer is correlated with advanced disease status. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:199–205.