tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Malaria
Authors: D. M. Mirza, M. J. Hashim, A. Sheikh
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A 30 year old pregnant woman going home on holiday to Nigeria attends the clinic to get a prescription for malaria prevention tablets for herself and her two children. Malaria is a potentially life threatening but preventable infectious tropical disease, caused by the Plasmodium parasite and transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito.
Methotrexate and Psoriasis
Authors: JOSE'H Glasser
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In line with your editorial "Psoriasis, Methotrexate, and Cirrhosis" (<b>212</b>:314, 1970), I should like to call the attention of the less-cautious physician utilizing methotrexate in the treatment of psoriasis, to the potential medicolegal dangers involved in its use. Recently, I have been made aware of a suit pending against a nationally prominent physician, and the company manufacturing methotrexate. Both are being held responsible for the death of a young psoriatic father of three children. He allegedly died of hepatocellular necroses caused by methotrexate. This was reportedly confirmed at autopsy. In these days of ever-increasing malpractice suits, the stupendous awards given by juries, and the mounting burdensome malpractice insurance fees, physicians would do well to bear the following pertinent facts in mind before prescribing methotrexate: The drug is still in the experimental stage for its use in psoriasis, the FDA has definitely not given its approval for
Burns and Their Treatment, Including Dermatitis from High Explosives.
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Leprosy
Authors: Chapman H. Binford
Journal: JAMA (1982)

TODAY, leprosy impairs the physical, social, and economic well-being of millions. Those who live in Third World countries suffer most, because living conditions are marginal and health care provision systems are undeveloped or disrupted by political ferment. Most physicians in the United States have had no training or clinical experience in the treatment of leprosy. The influx of immigrants from endemic regions and increased world travel by US citizens make it essential that US physicians become more aware of leprosy and inform themselves of the recent important advances in the art and science of this once-puzzling disease. In 1874, Hansen, in Bergen, Norway, reported that leprosy was caused by a bacillus and therefore was an infectious and not a hereditary disease, as had been thought previously. During the next 70 years, much was learned about the natural history and the clinical and pathological manifestations of leprosy, but no antibacterial drug
Malignant melanoma presenting as a mediastinal mass
Authors: L. Feldman
Journal: JAMA (1979)

PRIMARY malignant melanoma almost always occurs in the skin, but may occur in other sites where melanin cells reside, eg, the eye, oronasal mucosa, and anorectal region. There have been cases of primary melanoma in the oral cavity, esophagus, gallbladder, uterus, genitourinary tract, and meninges as well as 13 reported cases of melanoma in the thorax.<sup>1</sup>We have recently encountered an unusual case of malignant melanoma presenting as a mediastinal mass, which is, to our knowledge, the first reported case. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 31-year-old man was admitted because a chest roentgenogram disclosed a mediastinal mass (Fig 1). He complained of general malaise, weight loss, temperature spikes, and jaundice (the latter secondary to proved hemolytic anemia). In particular, there was no history of an enlarging or changing nevus, and findings from dermatologic, ophthalmologic, and laryngoscopic examinations failed to show any evidence of melanoma. There was no peripheral lymphadenopathy.
Gastroenterological Society of Australia
Journal: Gut (1966)

OESOPHAGUSJ. HANSKY In more than 50 patients with suspected disorder of the oesophagus pressures were recorded with the use of open-ended tubes and external transducers.Motility patterns from normal patients and those with various oesophageal disorders were presented and discussed.In normal subjects the pattern of response to deglu- tition was remarkably constant, with relaxation of the two sphincters and the orderly passage of the peristaltic wave down the oesophagus.By contrast, characteristic abnormal patterns of motility were observed in patients with local or diffuse spasm, achalasia, and scleroderma.
Ensuring health care for the uninsured
Authors: A. S. Bierman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Weissman's review<sup>1</sup>of the role of uncompensated care in providing health care to the uninsured documents the growing fragility of the safety net. In the same issue, Dr Ginzberg<sup>2</sup>provides a much needed word of caution about the ability of market forces and competition to solve the chronic problems confronting our health care system. Each article underscores how far reliance on market reforms has moved us from the objective of universal access to health care. Together they portend a looming crisis and should serve as a wake-up call for renewed debate. The number of uninsured persons is predicted to reach 45.6 million by the year 2002<sup>3</sup>as traditional mechanisms to provide care to this population are eroding. The literature has consistently shown that the uninsured have worse health outcomes than the insured.<sup>4</sup>As access to care becomes more problematic, existing inequities
RF05: Uraemic pruritus: examining the symptom and its management in haemodialysis patients
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

years and 70% were of white ethnicity.One-third (32%) were new consultations, and in 36% the disease severity was recorded as moderate or severe.Nearly all controls had eczema (95%).The sensitivity of the consensus agreed criteria and scoring algorithm (one major and/or three or more minor criteria) was 84Á4%, specificity was 65Á1% and area under the curve (AUC) was 0Á75 (95% confidence interval 0Á70-0Á80).The seven diagnostic criteria that performed best were (i) scale and erythema in the scalp involving the hairline [odds ratio (OR) 2Á17]; (ii) scaly erythema inside the external auditory meatus (OR 2Á05); (iii) persistent well-demarcated erythematous rash anywhere on the body (OR 2Á79); (iv) scaly erythematous plaques on the extensor surfaces of the elbows and knees (OR 2Á01); (v) persistent erythema in the umbilicus (OR 3Á06), (vi) well-demarcated erythematous rash in the napkin area involving the crural folds (OR 2Á66); and (vii) family history of psoriasis (OR 3Á66).The sensitivity of the best predictive model using the development cohort was 76Á8%, specificity was 72Á7% and AUC was 0Á84 (95% CI 0Á79-0Á88).This study provides examination-based data on the clinical features of psoriasis in children.The results highlight the importance of scalp, auricular, umbilical and napkin involvement in children sites that may be hidden by hair and clothing.Seven diagnostic criteria with good discriminatory ability in secondarycare patients are identified, which will inform further planned validation studies.
Obstetric Anaesthesia
Authors: A. H. Morley
Journal: BMJ (1954)

Noninvasive methods to study glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling are urgently needed to elaborate the complexity of GR signaling in normal physiology and human disorders, as well as to identify selective GR modulators to treat diseases. Here, we report evidence supporting translational studies with (±)-<sup>11</sup>C-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-10-methoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-chromeno[3,4-f]-quinoline ((±)-<sup>11</sup>C-YJH08), a radioligand for PET that engages the ligand binding domain on GR. <b>Methods:</b> (±)-<sup>11</sup>C-YJH08 was synthesized by reacting the phenol precursor with <sup>11</sup>C-methyl iodide. The biodistribution was studied in vivo. Specific binding was tested in vivo with adrenalectomy and ligand competition. A library of analogs was synthesized and studied in vitro and in vivo to understand the (±)-<sup>11</sup>C-YJH08 structure–activity relationship. Rodent dosimetry studies were performed to estimate the human-equivalent doses of (±)-<sup>11</sup>C-YJH08. <b>Results:</b> (±)-<sup>11</sup>C-YJH08 was synthesized by reaction of the phenolic precursor with <sup>11</sup>C-methyl iodide, giving a radiochemical yield of 51.7% ± 4.7% (decay-corrected to starting <sup>11</sup>C-methyl iodide). Specific binding was observed in many tissues, including the brain. An analysis of the (±)-YJH08 structure–activity relationship showed that (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-enantiomers are equally avid for GR by occupying discrete binding modes. A focused chemical screen revealed that the aryl fluoride motif on YJH08 is essential for high-affinity GR binding in vitro, high tissue uptake in vivo, and efficient passage across the blood–brain barrier. Lastly, we performed dosimetry studies on rodents, from which we estimated the human-equivalent doses of (±)-<sup>11</sup>C-YJH08 to be commensurate with the widely used <sup>11</sup>C and <sup>18</sup>F tracers. <b>Conclusion:</b> These studies reveal the molecular determinants of a high-affinity and high-selectivity ligand–receptor interaction and support the use of (±)-<sup>11</sup>C-YJH08 PET to make the first measurements of GR expression in human subjects.
European Perspectives
Authors: L Ars Eckardt, Lars Eckardt, Günter Breithardt
Journal: Circulation (2010)

one of the largest electrophysiology centres in Germany, is particularly interested in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation, 1 ventricular tachycardias, 2 and repolarisation-associated cardiac arrhythmias. 3 He comments, "We aim to create a translational research line that includes clinical science, genetic studies, and basic science."Recently, his group was the first in Germany to implant a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator.Professor Eckardt is keen to evolve the role of electrophysiology.He says, "In Germany and Europe, I see a growing need for independent positions for electrophysiologists in the field of cardiology.We need specialists, and independent departments of electrophysiology in large heart centres.We must have an open mind in accepting that subspecialties have developed in cardiology that closely interact.This is a special challenge for cardiology in Europe.
American women's health care. A patchwork quilt with gaps
Authors: C. M. Clancy
Journal: JAMA (1992)

DURING the women's health movement of the 1960s, women began to express their discontent with the traditional hierarchical model of physician-patient interaction.<sup>1</sup>In recent years, several developments reflect an increasing appreciation of women's health needs by the US medical profession. The recognition of systematic biases in biomedical research excluding women from clinical trials led to the establishment of the Office of Research on Women's Health at the National Institutes of Health.2 Health services researchers have reported significant disparities in the use of major diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for women compared with men.3-7 Certain women's health problems (eg, menopause, osteoporosis, breast cancer) have received increased attention and resources. Women's health care centers that offer many services at a single site have evolved as a new model for comprehensive health care.8 The number of female physicians has increased.<sup>9</sup>Two studies have found that, compared with male physicians, female physicians spend more
In vitro Immunotoxicological Assays for Detection of Compounds Requiring Metabolic Activation
Authors: Anne N. Tucker, Virginia M. Sanders, Patricia Hallett, Bernadine M. Kauffmann, Albert E. Munson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

A system for metabolic activation of cyclophosphamide (CP), consisting of a crude microsomal fraction of mouse liver and necessary cofactors (S9 mix), was interfaced with three murine cell culture assays for immunotoxicity. These assays were: the Mishell-Dutton assay for in vitro antibody formation, splenic lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens and bone marrow cell cultures. There was no effect of CP at doses up to 261 microgram/ml (lmM) on any of the parameters measured unless S9 mix was included. Much greater potency was achieved if the S9 mix was prepared from livers of mice pretreated with phenobarbital. Under these conditions and dose-related inhibition of plaque-forming cells (PFC) in the Mishell-Dutton assay was observed, yielding an ED50 of 6.3 microgram/ml. When splenic lymphocytes were exposed to CP in the presence of induced S9 mix, a dose related inhibition of the response to the B-cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to the T-cell mitogen, concanavalin A (Con A), was observed. For the optimum LPS concentration, the ED50 for CP was 8.1 microgram/ml; for the optimum concentration of Con A, the ED50 was 6.7 microgram/ml. DNA synthesis was not inhibited by the doses used. When bone marrow cells were exposed to CP in the presence of induced S9 mix, the stem cell population, enumerated by colonization in semisolid medium, was reduced in a dose-dependent manner, with an ED50 of 5.2 microgram/ml. Again, DNA synthesis was not affected unless higher doses of CP were used.
AIR POLLUTION
Authors: A. J. Haagen-Smit
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Widespread concern for community health has stimulated an intensified attempt to learn the causes of air pollution and its effect on man and his environment, as well as a search to find remedies for the intolerable deterioration of our air. No longer are industrial stacks that belch forth black smoke considered a sign of prosperity. On the contrary, a community which permits such contamination of the air advertises its backwardness and its inability to cope with a demand for healthier living. Although visible emissions are one of the most obvious signs of a polluted atmosphere, invisible gases also affect our well-being in varying degrees. One of the more spectacular instances of area-wide irritation of the latter type has developed in the Los Angeles basin as a byproduct of urbanization based on automobile transportation and the incomplete combustion of gasoline. This community disease, better known under the name "smog," also occurs
Risk of Childhood Leukemia Associated with Diagnostic Irradiation and Polymorphisms in DNA Repair Genes
Authors: Claire Infante-Rivard, Geraldine Mathonnet, Daniel Sinnett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The purpose of the study was to measure risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated with reported postnatal diagnostic X rays and to determine if it was modified in the presence of variants in genes involved in DNA repair. We conducted a population-based case-control study with 491 cases and 491 healthy controls among children 0-9 years of age at diagnosis. To evaluate gene-environment interaction, we used a subgroup of 129 cases. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for one reported postnatal child X ray versus none was 1.04 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.72-1.49], whereas the OR for two or more X rays was 1.61 (CI, 1.13-2.28). Among girls, the former ORs were 1.14 (CI, 0.66-1.96) and 2.26 (1. 20-4.23), respectively. Among girls who carried the hMSH3 [exon (ex) 23] variant, the ORs were 3.33 (CI, 0.75-14.82) for one X ray and 0. 27 (CI, 0.05-1.57) for two or more X rays, whereas among those who carried the XRCCI (ex 6) variant, the ORs were 1.45 (0.11-19.08) and 6.66 (0.78-56.63), respectively. On the other hand, at low levels of exposure, boys seemed protected by the variant hMLH1 (ex 8). The latter results must be interpreted with caution but suggest that the effect of diagnostic X rays could be modified by variants in repair genes according to sex. Few studies have evaluated the risk of postnatal diagnostic irradiation, which was moderately strong here; we are not aware of any studies that also considered the effect of polymorphisms in DNA repair genes. Based on the present results, both aspects deserve further study.
EXHAUSTION STATES
Journal: JAMA (1929)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment Patterns from 2009 to 2015 in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma in the United States: A Report from the Connect® MM Registry
Authors: Robert M. Rifkin, Rafat Abonour, Brian G.M. Durie, Cristina J. Gasparetto, Sundar Jagannath, Mohit Narang, Jatin J. Shah, Howard R. Terebelo, Kathleen Toomey, Amani Kitali, Faiza Zafar, Shankar Srinivasan, James W. Hardin
Journal: Blood (2016)
SENSORY ILLUSIONS IN DIAGNOSIS.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypertensive encephalopathy.
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Furthermore, these studies have suggested that the prevalence of multiple sclerosis appears to correlate with the percentage of edentulous individuals in certain countries.The relevance of these findings to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis is uncertain, but only by pursuing such investigations will we eventually unlock the key to this common and disabling disease.Sceptics might remember that epi- demiological research has largely provided the evidence for the most widely accepted theory: namely, that in genetically susceptible individuals the disease follows a childhood infection with an as yet undetermined virus that remains dormant for many years before initiating, either directly or by an immunological mechanism, the onset of symptoms.'3 14
Another Step in Higher Medical Education
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal