tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ENDOSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS PRESENTING AS A DOUBLE LUMEN OESOPHAGUS
Authors: J Santiago-Garcia, J Duffy, J Ortiz-Fernández Sordo, S Budihal, A Parra-Blanco, K Ragunath
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune condition presenting with symptoms of dysphagia, food impaction, chest pain and heartburn. The most common complication is narrowed esophagus and stricture. Treatment includes diet modifications and medical therapy such as proton pump inhibitors and topical glucocorticoids. Endoscopic treatment with dilatation is mostly reserved for patients developing strictures during the course of the disease. We are reporting a video demonstration of a rare presentation of EoE and how it was successfully managed endoscopically.
The new frontier of reproductive age
Authors: M. M. Quigley
Journal: JAMA (1992)

A female infant is born with a limited complement of ovarian oocytes. These oocytes are either ovulated or undergo atresia until menopause occurs when the complement of oocytes is exhausted. Although the average age for menopause in the United States is 51 years, menopause is generally preceded by a decade or more of declining reproductive capability, manifested by decreased cycle fecundity and increased rate of pregnancy loss. This decline is usually attributed to "aging" of the oocytes. While the Bible mentions pregnancy at advanced age,<sup>1</sup>it is only relatively recently, with the combination of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and oocyte donation, that the means exist to establish pregnancies in women who would normally conceive infrequently, if at all.<sup>2</sup> There are certainly legal, ethical, and pragmatic concerns associated with the use of donated oocytes in general. However, these concerns are limited when donated oocytes are used to establish pregnancies
Molecular profiling of renal medullary carcinoma to reveal frequent alterations in chromatin remodeling genes and to identify EZH2 as a relevant therapeutic target.
Authors: Jianjun Gao, Gabriel G. Malouf, Xiaoping Su, Hui Yao, Priya Rao, Rong He, Liangwen Xiong, Jose A. Karam, Surena F. Matin, Roger Mouawad, Eva Comperat, David Khayat, Christopher G. Wood, Nizar M. Tannir
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

4566 Background: Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy that affects primarily young adults with sickle cell trait. The prognosis of RMC is poor with a median survival of about 12 months from diagnosis. It has been previously shown that loss of heterozygosity of SMARCB1 occurs in the majority of cases leading to protein loss. However, a comprehensive molecular profiling of this disease remains unknown. Methods: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 9 RMC matched tumor-normal cases and 1 unmatched case were performed. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was done using the Affymetrix SNP 6.0 array. To test differentially expressed genes between RMC cases and normal kidney, RNA sequencing was carried out. The effect of EZH2 inhibition on in vitro RMC tumor cell proliferation was assessed using the MTT assay. Results: WES analysis of 9 paired RMC cases identified 233 non-synonymous somatic mutations (median: 21; range: 12-44). We observed frequent mutations in chromatin remodeling genes in 7 of 10 RMC cases, including mutations in SMARCB1 (n = 2) and SMARCA5 gene (n = 1). SNP analysis demonstrated that only the case with SMARCA5 somatic mutation harbored SMARCB1 monoallelic loss. However, all RMC cases had loss of SMARCB1 protein by immunohistochemistry. Ingenuity pathway analysis using RNA sequencing data identified EZH2 as one of the top over-expressed upstream regulators (Z-score = 3.7; p-value = 1.6x10-6). RT-PCR and western blot analyses confirmed that EZH2 expression is elevated at both mRNA and protein levels corresponding to SMARCB1 loss in RMC tumors. In vitro assessment of a novel RMC tumor cell line derived from the case harboring SMARCB1 deletion showed that EZH2 inhibitor GSK343 inhibited proliferation of this cell line. Conclusions: Our data reveal that 30% of RMC cases showed inactivation of SMARCB1 through somatic mutations or monoallelic loss, suggesting that other additional epigenetic mechanisms may lead to gene inactivation. In addition, our data suggest that EZH2 may be a relevant therapeutic target in RMC.
Highlights
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Telemonitoring, Pharmacist Management, and Blood Pressure Control 46In a randomized clinical trial that enrolled 450 adults with uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) who were recruited from 16 primary care clinics in an integrated health system, Margolis and colleagues compared the effect of home BP telemonitoring with clinic-based pharmacist case management vs usual care for BP control.The authors report that home BP telemonitoring and pharmacist case management achieved better BP control than usual care during the 12-month intervention and in the 6 months after the intervention.In an editorial, Magid and Green discuss benefits of home BP monitoring and barriers to wide-scale adoption.
大疱性表皮松解症患儿生长发育及贫血的研究
Authors: A. Reimer, M. Hess, A. Schwieger‐Brie, D. Kiritsi, F. Schauer, H. Schumann, L. Bruckner‐Tuderman, C. Has
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

严重亚型的大疱性表皮松解症 (EB) 是一种损伤极大的疾病,会导致皮肤和粘膜极其脆弱以及大量的伤口。到目前为止,还没有治愈 EB 的方法。英国约有 5000 人,全球约有 50 万人患有不同类型的 EB。 除了皮肤问题, EB 儿童往往体重增加困难,他们会患上贫血(缺铁)。由于在身体强壮时伤口愈合得最好,所以研究人员需要了解 EB 患儿生长发育的确切情况如何,以及哪些因素可能会阻止他们正常生长发育。 为了解决这个问题,德国 EB 参考中心的一个研究小组回顾了 200 名 EB 儿童的体重、身高和血液测量结果。其中 157 例病例为隐性营养不良性 EB (RDEB), 43 例病例为交界性 EB (JEB)。 研究人员计算了生长图表,可以通过这些图表更好地与健康儿童的生长发育进行比较,并有助于找到 EB 特有的生长发育模式。 研究人员发现,患有 RDEB 的儿童从出生第二年 (18 个月龄以上) 就开始生长发育受损。在 JEB 中,生长发育与健康儿童相似。在 RDEB 和 JEB 中,从出生第二年起就存在贫血。患有 RDEB 的儿童患有贫血,血液中蛋白质、维生素和某些矿物质缺乏,与没有这些情况的儿童相比,他们的生长发育受到了损害。 体内的大量炎症也影响了 EB 患儿的生长发育。 这项研究的 EB 生长图表将帮助医生和家庭做出喂养的相关决定,比如给予额外的维生素或管饲喂养。即使正在研发 EB 的治疗,这些结果也很重要,有了这些结果,我们就可以比较使用这些治疗可以如何改善生长发育。这项研究的直接结果是可打印的生长图表,其可以立即在世界各地使用,以评估患有 EB 的儿童,并为他们提供咨询意见。 本摘要涉及研究: 大疱性表皮松解症儿童生长发育和贫血的自然病史: 一项回顾性队列研究
Supraventricular tachycardias
Authors: D. Wu
Journal: JAMA (1983)

SUPRAVENTRICULAR tachycardia is a common clinical arrhythmia, occurring in patients with and without heart disease. The attacks of tachycardia are characterized as paroxysmal, being of sudden onset and abrupt termination, and occurring without a period of gradual acceleration in rate. The rate of tachycardia is usually around 150 to 220 beats per minute. The episode is usually initiated by premature atrial and/or ventricular beats. During tachycardia the QRS complex manifests a regular RR interval and is of normal duration unless bundle-branch block is present. When visible, the morphology of the P wave is different from that of the sinus P wave and may occur before, simultaneously with, or after the QRS complex. Vagal maneuvers frequently terminate the tachycardia. Reentry is the mechanism of tachycardia in most patients, while in some patients the mechanism may be due to enhanced automaticity. The classification, diagnosis, and management of supraventricular tachycardia are discussed in
Isoniazid Toxicity
Authors: David J. Sencer
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A LETTER by Kester, entitled "Isoniazid Hepatotoxicity Fact or Fantasy" (<b>217</b>:699, 1971), implied that when an individual develops hepatic dysfunction while receiving isoniazid, it is perfectly safe to continue the isoniazid. This is not true. It is quite true that for many years isoniazid was considered to be a virtually nontoxic drug. However, in the last few years, there have been increasing reports of hepatotoxicity. We have collected information on a few individuals who died when isoniazid was not discontinued after clinical hepatitis became evident. A special Ad Hoc Committee on Isoniazid and Liver Disease was convened at the Center for Disease Control, which reviewed all of the data we had been able to obtain. Isoniazid hepatotoxicity appears to be an unpredictable hypersensitivity phenomenon, the frequency of which is not yet determined, but seems to vary between 0% and 1%. It appears to be different in
Radio-oligonucleotides
Authors: D. J. Hnatowich
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

As their name suggests, oligonucleotides (i.e. oligonucleic acids), both ribonucleic acids (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA), are polymers of nucleotides (i.e. nucleic acids). Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base chemically attached to a five-carbon sugar (ribose). To form the polymer, the sugars are linked through a phosphate group. In the case of DNA, the phosphate-sugar backbone supports a sequence of adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine bases. Figure 17.9 (left) shows the molecular structure of a single-stranded (ss) native DNA, showing a series of bases, the sugar bridge and the phosphate (phosphodiester) backbone. The structure of RNA is identical except for the presence of a hydroxyl group at the 2′ position of the sugar, and the replacement of the DNA base thymine, with uracil.
CONCERNING THE EDITORIAL MANAGEMENT.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Preventing childhood obesity by reducing consumption of carbonated drinks: cluster randomised controlled trial
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Preventing childhood obesity by reducing consumption of carbonated drinks: cluster randomised controlled trial Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Health effects of Agent Orange and dioxin contaminants. Council on scientific affairs
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pathological Study of a Case of Primary Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medicaid
Authors: Sara Rosenbaum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

When Medicaid was enacted in 1965 as a legislative afterthought to Medicare, few would have predicted its evolution into a basic component of the American health care system. In this report, I examine Medicaid, which has become one of the most complex social-welfare programs, and consider prospects for its reform.Overview of the ProgramMedicaid, codified under Title XIX of the Social Security Act, provides federal financial assistance to states operating approved medical-assistance plans. Unlike eligibility for Medicare, eligibility for Medicaid is means-tested (i.e., there are financial criteria for enrollment); like Medicare, however, Medicaid is an individual legal entitlement.1, . . .
Editorial Board
Authors: George Bartley, Henry Jampel, Daniel Albert, Andrew Schachat, Anita Agarwal, T Iqbal, Ike Ahmed, Jayakrishna Ambati, Tin Aung, Singapore Bengtsson, James Brandt, Wiley Chambers, Balwantray Chauhan, Emily Chew, Michael Chiang, Helen Danesh-Meyer, Marjan Farid, Steven Gedde, Lynn Gordon, Los Angeles, Mingguang He, Bennie Jeng, Ronald Klein, Tianjing Li, Sue Lightman
Journal: Ophthalmology (2015)
Physical Activity and Public Health
Authors: Christopher B. Pugh
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We applaud the efforts of the group of experts who wrote the excellent article entitled "Physical Activity and Public Health: A Recommendation From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine."<sup>1</sup>Their recommendation for increased participation in moderate physical activity among Americans of all ages is very exciting and long overdue. By increasing physical activity levels, our sedentary society can do much to mitigate the harmful aspects of our modern lifestyle. It should be recognized, however, that the one negative effect of increased physical activity is the increased risk of injury related to physical activity. This is true for people moving from low to moderate levels of activity as well as those with high activity levels. Physical activity-related injury is a substantial and costly health problem in our society,<sup>2</sup>yet Dr Pate and colleagues did not include strategies for
Marie Stopes: Her Work and Play.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Smoking cessation and the risk of stroke in middle-aged men
Authors: S. G. Wannamethee
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine the effects of giving up smoking, years since quitting smoking and the quantity of cigarettes smoked, and primary pipe or cigar smoking on the risk of stroke. <h3>Design, Subjects, and Setting.</h3> —A prospective study of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in 7735 men aged 40 through 59 years drawn at random from the age-sex registers of one general practice in each of 24 British towns from 1978 through 1980 (the British Regional Heart Study). <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Incidence of fatal and nonfatal major stroke events (strokes) during an average follow-up period of 12.75 years. <h3>Results.</h3> —During the 12.75 years of follow-up, there were 167 major stroke events (43 fatal and 124 nonfatal) in the 7264 men with no recall of previous ischemic heart disease or stroke. After full adjustment for other risk factors, current smokers had a nearly fourfold relative risk (RR) of stroke compared with never smokers (RR, 3.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 6.9). Ex—cigarette smokers showed lower risk than current smokers but showed excess risk compared with never smokers (RR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.9 to 3.3;<i>P</i>=.11); those who switched to pipe or cigar smoking showed a significantly increased risk (RR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.6 to 7.1) similar to that of current light smokers. Primary pipe or cigar smokers also showed increased risk (RR, 2.2; 95% CI, 0.6 to 8.0), but the number of subjects involved was small. The benefit of giving up smoking completely was seen within 5 years of quitting, with no further consistent decline in risk thereafter, but this was dependent on the amount of tobacco smoked. Light smokers (&lt;20 cigarettes/d) reverted to the risk level of those who had never smoked. Heavy smokers retained a more than twofold risk compared with never smokers (RR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.3). The age-adjusted RR of stroke in those who quit smoking during the first 5 years of follow-up (recent quitters) was reduced compared with continuing smokers (RR, 1.8; 95% CI, 0.7 to 4.6 vs RR, 4.3; 95% CI, 2.1 to 8.8). The benefit of quitting smoking was observed in both normotensive and hypertensive men, but the absolute benefit was greater in hypertensive subjects. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Smoking cessation is associated with a considerable and rapid benefit in decreasing the risk of stroke, particularly in light smokers (&lt;20 cigarettes/d); a complete loss of risk is not seen in heavy smokers. Switching to pipe or cigar smoking confers little benefit, emphasizing the need for complete cessation of smoking. The absolute benefit of quitting smoking on risk of stroke is most marked in hypertensive subjects. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:155-160)
Integrated biochemical and mechanical signals regulate multifaceted human embryonic stem cell functions
Authors: Dong Li, Jiaxi Zhou, Lu Wang, Myung Eun Shin, Pei Su, Xiaohua Lei, Haibin Kuang, Weixiang Guo, Hong Yang, Linzhao Cheng, Tetsuya S. Tanaka, Deborah E. Leckband, Albert B. Reynolds, Enkui Duan, Fei Wang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)
Recurrence of Breast Cancer
Authors: Abdolkarim Sohrabi
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Substantially different conclusions have been reached by several studies about relationships between mammary cancer and obesity. We studied retrospectively 106 consecutive patients who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer. We found no association between obesity per se and the frequency or time of recurrence. Our sample did reaffirm that recurrence of breast cancer is related to tumor size and nodal status. Obesity was similarly related to tumor size and nodal status. However, we could not confirm prior findings that obese patients with pathologically similar breast tumors had a poor prognosis. (<i>JAMA</i>244:264-265, 1980)
Management of small abdominal aortic aneurysms. Early surgery vs watchful waiting
Authors: D. A. Katz
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To compare two clinical strategies for the management of small abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) less than 5 cm in diameter: early surgery (repair small AAAs when diagnosed) and watchful waiting (measure AAA size every 6 months and repair when the diameter reaches 5 cm). <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —We reviewed data from an earlier longitudinal study of patients with small AAAs to estimate incidence rates of rupture or acute expansion. Estimates for other parameters in the model were obtained by searching the medical literature (MEDLINE, 1966 to present). <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —We constructed a Markov decision tree to compare early surgery with watchful waiting in patients with asymptomatic AAAs less than 5 cm in diameter, with respect to long-term survival in quality-adjusted life years. The average annual rates of rupture or acute expansion for AAAs with a maximal transverse diameter of less than 4.0,4.0 to 4.9, and at least 5.0 cm, are 0, 3.3, and 14.4 events per 100 patient-years of observation, respectively. At an average rupture rate of 3.3 events per 100 patient-years and an average operative risk for elective surgery (4.6%, 30-day mortality), our model predicts that early surgery improves survival in patients who present with a 4-cm AAA. The benefit of early surgery decreases with increased age at presentation. If the average rupture rate for AAAs less than 5 cm is assumed to be low (eg, 0.4 event per 100 patient-years), watchful waiting is favored, particularly as operative risk increases. The decision in this subgroup, however, is sensitive to possible future increases in operative risk. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —In the majority of scenarios that we examined, early surgery is preferred to watchful waiting for patients with AAAs less than 5 cm in diameter. Watchful waiting is generally favored, however, for patients with a low risk of AAA rupture or acute expansion, including those patients who present with very small AAAs (eg, &lt;4 cm). More accurate data concerning the rupture risk of AAAs less than 5 cm would improve clinical decision making. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:2678-2686)