tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgical Experiences in South Africa, 1899-1900. Being Mainly a Clinical Study of the Nature and Effects of Injuries Produced by Bullets of Small Caliber.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sesquicentennial of Anesthesiology Recognizes Newly Energized Specialty
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1992)

DEPENDING ON whether they practice in Boston, Mass, or anywhere else in the United States, anesthesiologists may or may not celebrate next week. Although March 30, 1992, has been declared the Crawford W. Long Sesquicentennial, commemorating the 150th anniversary of the use of anesthesia by the physician of that name, opinion in some places remains divided as to the propriety of handing the palm to this Jefferson, Ga, surgeon rather than Yankee dentist William Morton, who performed what he believed to be the initial use of ether during surgery 4 years later—on October 16, 1846. According to an account in the American Society of Anesthesiologists<i>Newsletter</i>(1992;56:6-7), it wasn't until Long read an account of Morton's deed, originally published in the<i>Boston Medical and Surgical Journal</i>, that he decided to write about what he had been doing since March 30, 1842, in the<i>Southern Medical Journal</i>. To this day, there
Mediastinal mass in a patient with liver disease
Authors: V. Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>History</h3> A 20-year-old woman was examined for a mediastinal mass detected on chest roentgenograms. Biopsy diagnosis of chronic active hepatitis had been made at age 12 years, three years after an episode of acute infectious hepatitis. Three episodes of significant hemorrhage from esophageal varices were documented. Bleeding hemorrhoids, peptic ulcer disease, and easy bruising were also reported. She had been receiving immune suppression therapy with prednisone and azathioprine (Imuran) for two years. On admission, splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia were noted. Erect posteroanterior (PA) and lateral chest x-ray films (Fig 1) and a contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scan of the lower thorax (Fig 2) were obtained. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Esophageal varices and venous collateral secondary to portal hypertension. Lateral and PA chest x-ray films showed a retrocardiac mediastinal mass (Fig 1). The azygous vein appeared normal on erect films but was enlarged on supine tomography. On lateral tomograms, the superior margin of the mass corresponded
Foreword
Authors: T. Rösch
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

2008 was a steady and rewarding year for the journal. Alongside established features, such as Endoscopy Essentials and DDW Reports, we were very pleased to publish a special section on Barrett's eradication, in issue 12. This section was the brainchild of Jacques Bergman (The Netherlands) and Prateek Sharma (USA).
Elevated triglyceride-rich remnants are associated with new cardiovascular events, but not with gemfibrozil benefit, in the veterans affairs: HDL intervention trial Ernst J. Schaefer, Judith R. McNamara, Dorothea Collins, Marshall B. Elam, Hanna B. Rubins, Sander J. Robins, for the VA-HIT Study Group. New England Medical Center, Boston, MA, Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program, West Haven, CT
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
A Treatise on Gynecology, Medical and Surgical.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DNA ploidy analysis of hepatic preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in woodchucks experimentally infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus
Authors: L Mi
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

We analyzed the DNA ploidy and the nuclear size of hepatocytes within hepatocellular carcinoma, putative preneoplastic (clear cell and basophilic foci) and adjacent non-neoplastic liver in 30 woodchucks neonatally infected with the woodchuck hepatitis virus. In livers from control woodchucks, in clear cell foci and in most chronic portal hepatitis, the hepatocytes were diploid, with less than 10% tetraploid cells. Aneuploid peaks were found in 50% of the livers with chronic active hepatitis, in 63% of basophilic foci and in 90% of hepatocellular carcinoma. Within the same tumor, aneuploid peaks with different DNA indices were observed frequently, indicating heterogeneity of tumor. S-phase was always elevated, indicating an increased rate of proliferation. Aneuploid cells had nuclei that were larger than those of control liver cells. In some basophilic foci and in some livers with chronic active hepatitis, abnormal DNA was demonstrated before the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, suggesting that these may be populations of hepatocytes at risk of neoplastic transformation. (Hepatology 1994;20:21–29.)
Abstract 2015: Patient-specific pathway analysis using DIGMA identifies key activities in multiple cancers
Authors: Stephen Benz, Charles Vaske, J. Zachary Sanborn, Joshua Stuart, David Haussler
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cancer is a disease of genomic perturbations that lead to dysregulation of multiple pathways within the cellular system. While common pathways are believed to be shared within specific cancer types, the mechanisms of why particular patients respond differently to treatment is not fully understood. Current -omics studies such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Stand Up To Cancer (SU2C) have attempted to address this issue by using large-scale whole-genome measurements of mRNA expression, DNA copy number, and epigenetic features. Typical analysis of these measurements relies on integrating data from multiple samples to distinguish signal from noise. However, few analytical methods allow for sample-specific differences to identify features and pathways that are significant for prognosis and clinical treatment classifications. We developed a pathway inference method called DIGMA (Directed and Integrated Graphical Modeling of Activities) to identify patient- and sample-specific pathway activities. DIGMA is capable of inferring individual gene and protein level measurements within pathways as well as overall pathway alterations specific to an individual tumor. DIGMA models each gene's “Central Dogma” within an overall pathway structure using probabilistic graphical models (PGMs). Individual -omic measurements are attached to their represented protein within the network and proteins are connected using interactions defined in curated pathway models. This representation is flexible enough to support any number of -omics measurements, which can be connected to the protein and pathway in biologically meaningful ways. Applying our method to TCGA ovarian serous carcinoma and glioblastoma multiforme samples identified pathways both significantly activated across a large majority of the cohort as well as pathways useful for classification of samples that responded well to treatment. We used random simulations to measure the significance of the pathway activities and establish a false discovery rate. These results suggest the ability to identify critical intervention points for therapeutics at a sample-specific level. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2015.
Anesthesia
Authors: Honorio T. Benzon
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The first edition of this text, published in 1981, took up two volumes. It immediately became the standard textbook in anesthesia, owing partly to its excellence and partly to the lack of an American competitor. The second edition expanded to three volumes. I was quite laudatory in my review of it (<i>JAMA</i>. 1987;258:1967) even though it had become too voluminous. In 1989, a new American textbook in anesthesia, edited by Barash, Cullen, and Stoelting, came out, which discussed all of anesthesiology in a single, well-written volume. In some anesthesia training programs it replaced Miller's book as required reading for residents. The new edition of Miller, in spite of additional chapters, was downsized to two volumes. My review will compare the new edition of Miller's book with the older edition and also try to compare it with the book by Barash et al. Miller's textbook has new chapters covering intravenous and
"Secondary" Aldosteronism
Authors: George J. Hamwi
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It is the purpose of this discussion to emphasize that when the term<i>secondary aldosteronism</i>is used, it should be appreciated that it is the effect of aldosterone which is "secondary" and the quotation marks might be properly placed as in the above title. When it was demonstrated by Deming and Luetscher<sup>1</sup>that the urine of some edematous subjects contained a substance which could bring about the retention of sodium by the kidneys of experimental animals to which this substance was administered, and, when this substance was identified by Simpson and Tait<sup>2</sup>as the adrenal hormone, aldosterone, it appeared that a straightforward explanation for such edema might be provided by invoking the excessive production of aldosterone as the causative agent. The appellation "secondary aldosteronism" came into being and was applied inclusively to all the edematous states in which an increased excretion of aldosterone could be
YELLOW SPINAL FLUID
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Insulin resistance and five-year progression of carotid intimal-medial wall thickness:
Authors: None Saad
Journal: Circulation (2001)

0026 Insulin resistance (IR) is thought to be an important risk factor for atherosclerosis. It is unclear, however, whether the effect is independent of other cardiovascular (CV) risk factors that cluster with IR, e.g., obesity, hypertension (HTN), and hyperlipidemia. IRAS is a multi-ethnic epidemiologic cohort study investigating the association between IR and CV disease. IR was measured by the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test with minimal model analysis in 773 non-diabetic persons aged 60 years (range 44 - 75) who participated in the baseline IRAS examination (1992-4). Intimal-medial thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries was measured by B-mode ultrasonography as an index of atherosclerosis at baseline and at the 5-year follow-up exam (1998-9). Both scans were read at the follow-up time point to eliminate possible reader drift. We modeled change in IMT on IR, adjusting for baseline IMT using a general linear models approach. The models adjusted progressively for demographic variables and CV risk factors. Overall, common carotid (CCA) IMT increased 30 μm (s.e. = 8 μm). Average IR at baseline was 2.2 units (range 0 - 14.2). Adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, clinic and baseline measurement, CCA IMT increased 20 μm (p=0.007) for a 2 unit increase in IR (change from 25th to 75th percentile). Further adjustment for baseline HDL, LDL, smoking, HTN and glycemia attenuated the effect (17 μm, p=0.05). Adjustment for BMI and waist-hip ratio explained some of the effect (13 μm, p=0.13). No significant association was observed between IR and progression in the internal carotid artery. Analyses incorporating hierarchical measurement error models for IMT were performed to confirm these results. As expected in these analyses, the IR effect was somewhat attenuated, but not eliminated. In summary, IR is associated with progression of carotid atherosclerosis, but this effect may be mediated through the associated cluster of CV risk factors.
THE ELIMINATION OF MORPHINE INJECTED HYPODERMICALLY THROUGH THE STOMACH.
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Patterns of palliative care utilization and end of life care in adult patients with cancer who died as inpatients at Mayo Clinic.
Authors: Collin Thomas Zimmerman, Shivani S. Shinde, Pashtoon Murtaza Kasi, Mark Robert Litzow, Jeanne M. Huddleston
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e21681 Background: A significant number of patients with advanced cancer die in the hospital. Examination of patterns of care and palliative care (PC) involvement may identify opportunities for process of care improvements for this vulnerable population. Methods: Patients were identified using the institutional mortality review system registry (Mayo Clinic hospitals from July, 2013-June, 2014). Within this group, patients with a diagnosis of terminal malignancy were identified by chart review and ICD-9 codes. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and use of PC resources were characterized in the last 60 days of life. Results: There were 159 of 924 decedents identified whose primary cause of death was advanced malignancy (Table 1.) Ninety-two patients (57%) had PC consultation during the index admission preceding death, while 31 (19%) patients had seen PC as an outpatient or inpatient prior to index admission. Lack of inpatient PC consultation at index admission was associated with hematologic malignancy (p < 0.001), full code status at death (p 0.009), shorter median time between change of code status to DNR and death (13 vs 67 hrs, p < 0.001), death in the ICU (58% vs 31%, p < 0.001), and presence of code blue (22% vs 5%, p-value = 0.003). Patients who received a PC consultation were less likely to have chemotherapy within 14 days of death (15% vs 37%, p-value = 0.001), and had a median composite aggressive end of life score (6 factor composite score based on utilization in last 30 days of life, higher score indicating more aggressive care) of 3 vs 4 (p 0.002). Conclusions: Inpatient PC consultation for cancer patients who die in the hospital is associated with less aggressive cancer care at end of life. The single-institution patient population and small sample size are the limitations of our study. Patient characteristics. n (%) N 159 Age, Median (range) 65 (19-90) Female Sex 70 (44) Disease Type Onc 117 (74) Heme 42 (26) Time from diagnosis to death in months (median) 8.13 Lines of prior therapy (median) 2 PC Consultation Prior to Index Admit: Outpatient 10 (6) Inpatient 21 (13) Time from PC consultation to death in days (median) 3.5 ICU admission < 30 days from death 109 (69) Died in ICU 67 (43)
The Croonian Lectures on the Hygienic and Climatic Treatment of Chronic Pulmonary Phthisis
Authors: H. Weber
Journal: BMJ (1885)

THE' BRITSHBME 1MJOURNAL. i [Ai1i.4, 18 But, whilst some of these contentions are proved, and some are probable, they are neither universally nor unconditionally accepted.''There is a minority of persons--and I place niyself among them-who contend that the exclusively causal agency otf the bacillus, although extremely plausible, is not conclusively proved; that a greater number and variety of control-experiments are yet needed to satisfy a just scepticism; and that, even now, in the affections discussed, there must be admnitted ;he existence of bacillary and of non-bacillary consolidations, and therefore of a bacillary and nol-bacillary phthisis (De la Phthti/sie Bacillaire, par le Professor G. See, 1884).At the 'resent time, wliel mien are still in the fervour of their con- version to the brilliant experimental discoveries of Koch, such protestations of a sober judgment will be regarded as unpardonable sins, atnd punishled with suitable severity.Well, the sufferers under chas- tisement must console themselves with the reflection that it is only those whose judgments have been disturbed by emotion, or who have never sounded the deepest depths of knowledge, or who have not ptassed through the perils of its subtlest casuistries, that are exempt from difficulties, or doubts, or fears; and that, for the most part, truith is vwon not by those who rush impetuously forward in its pursuit, but by tiose who, with open and eager mind, are yet, in patience, content to "labour and to wait."
Surface gene mutants of hepatitis B virus in infants who develop acute or chronic infections despite immunoprophylaxis
Authors: H Hsu
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA from 4 infants with fulminant hepatitis B, 3 infants with acute self-limited hepatitis B, and 15 infants with chronic HBV infection were amplified by polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing of the region of HBV genome encoding the major antigenic epitopes of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). All infants were born to carrier mothers and administered immunoprophylaxis from birth. Serum HBV DNA from 13 carrier children born to carrier mothers who did not receive immunoprophylaxis and had comparable length of infection were studied as controls. An S mutant (residue 126, Thr to Ala) initially found in an infant with fulminant hepatitis was replaced by another S mutant (residue 145, Gly to Arg) 4 days later. In a girl with chronic hepatitis B, Ala-126 variant and Arg-145 variant were found at 17 and 25 months of age, respectively. The Arg-145 variant persisted for 8 years in an asymptomatic male carrier and for 1 year in an infant with chronic hepatitis B. The Ala-126 variant persisted for 11 years in one child who had an early loss of hepatitis B e antigen. In the majority of the infants' mothers, corresponding mutations in HBsAg were not detected in serum by direct sequencing. The S mutants detected in three carrier infants were not found in their mothers' serum after cloning and sequencing of 10 DNA clones from each maternal sample. None of the 13 control patients had detectable S mutants. These results suggest that S variants emerge or are selected under the immune pressure generated by the host or by administration of hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccination. An S mutant (residue 129, Gln to Arg) found in one mother-infant pair suggested a direct maternal-infant transmission, resulting in immunoprophylaxis failure. None of the family members of children infected with Arg-145 variant had the same variant infection, implying this variant's low transmissability.