tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of sarcopenia on outcomes in surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Samuel Knoedler, Rainer Schliermann, Leonard Knoedler, Mengfan Wu, Frederik J. Hansen, Dany Y. Matar, Doha Obed, Dominique Vervoort, Valentin Haug, Gabriel Hundeshagen, Angie Paik, Martin Kauke-Navarro, Ulrich Kneser, Bohdan Pomahac, Dennis P. Orgill, Adriana C. Panayi
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Surgeons have historically used age as a preoperative predictor of postoperative outcomes. Sarcopenia, the loss of skeletal muscle mass due to disease or biological age, has been proposed as a more accurate risk predictor. The prognostic value of sarcopenia assessment in surgical patients remains poorly understood. Therefore, the authors aimed to synthesize the available literature and investigate the impact of sarcopenia on perioperative and postoperative outcomes across all surgical specialties.
Combined near infrared photoacoustic imaging and ultrasound detects vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque
Authors: Martin Karl Schneider, James Wang, Aris Kare, Shaunak S. Adkar, Darren Salmi, Caitlin F. Bell, Tom Alsaigh, Dhananjay Wagh, John Coller, Aaron Mayer, Sarah J. Snyder, Alexander D. Borowsky, Steven R. Long, Maarten G. Lansberg, Gary K. Steinberg, Jeremy J. Heit, Nicholas J. Leeper, Katherine W. Ferrara
Journal: Biomaterials (2023)
Tracking reactive astrogliosis in autosomal dominant and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease with multi-modal PET and plasma GFAP
Authors: Konstantinos Chiotis, Charlotte Johansson, Elena Rodriguez-Vieitez, Nicholas J. Ashton, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Caroline Graff, Agneta Nordberg
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2023)

Plasma assays for the detection of Alzheimer's disease neuropathological changes are receiving ever increasing interest. The concentration of plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has been suggested as a potential marker of astrocytes or recently, amyloid-β burden, although this hypothesis remains unproven. We compared plasma GFAP levels with the astrocyte tracer 11C-Deuterium-L-Deprenyl (11C-DED) in a multi-modal PET design in participants with sporadic and Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's disease.Twenty-four individuals from families with known Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease mutations (mutation carriers = 10; non-carriers = 14) and fifteen patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease were included. The individuals underwent PET imaging with 11C-DED, 11C-PIB and 18F-FDG, as markers of reactive astrogliosis, amyloid-β deposition, and glucose metabolism, respectively, and plasma sampling for measuring GFAP concentrations. Twenty-one participants from the Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease group underwent follow-up plasma sampling and ten of these participants underwent follow-up PET imaging.In mutation carriers, plasma GFAP levels and 11C-PIB binding increased, while 11C-DED binding and 18F-FDG uptake significantly decreased across the estimated years to symptom onset. Cross-sectionally, plasma GFAP demonstrated a negative correlation with 11C-DED binding in both mutation carriers and patients with sporadic disease. Plasma GFAP indicated cross-sectionally a significant positive correlation with 11C-PIB binding and a significant negative correlation with 18F-FDG in the whole sample. The longitudinal levels of 11C-DED binding showed a significant negative correlation with longitudinal plasma GFAP concentrations over the follow-up interval.Plasma GFAP concentration and astrocyte 11C-DED brain binding levels followed divergent trajectories and may reflect different underlying processes. The strong negative association between plasma GFAP and 11C-DED binding in Autosomal Dominant and sporadic Alzheimer's disease brains may indicate that if both are markers of reactive astrogliosis, they may detect different states or subtypes of astrogliosis. Increased 11C-DED brain binding seems to be an earlier phenomenon in Alzheimer's disease progression than increased plasma GFAP concentration.
Clinical and molecular characteristics of early-onset vs average-onset esophagogastric cancer
Authors: Melissa A Lumish, Henry Walch, Steven B Maron, Walid Chatila, Yelena Kemel, Anna Maio, Geoffrey Y Ku, David H Ilson, Elizabeth Won, Jia Li, Smita S Joshi, Ping Gu, Mark A Schattner, Monika Laszkowska, Hans Gerdes, David R Jones, Smita Sihag, Daniel G Coit, Laura H Tang, Vivian E Strong, Daniela Molena, Zsofia K Stadler, Nikolaus Schultz, Yelena Y Janjigian, Andrea Cercek
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2023)

Abstract Background The rate of esophagogastric cancer is rising among individuals under 50 years of age. It remains unknown whether early-onset esophagogastric cancer represents a unique entity. This study investigated the clinical and molecular characteristics of early-onset and average-onset esophagogastric cancer . Methods We reviewed the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center gastric, esophageal, and gastroesophageal junction cancer database. Associations between baseline characteristics and tumor and germline molecular alterations were compared between those with early-onset and average-onset esophagogastric cancer using Fisher exact tests and the Benjamini-Hochberg method for multiple-hypothesis correction. Results We included 1123 patients with early-onset esophagogastric cancer (n = 219; median age = 43 years [range = 18-49 years]) and average-onset esophagogastric cancer (n = 904; median age = 67 years [range = 50-94 years]) treated between 2005 and 2018. The early-onset group had more women (39% vs 28%, P = .002). Patients with early-onset esophagogastric cancer were more likely to have a gastric primary site (64% vs 44%, P &amp;lt; .0001). The signet ring cell and/or diffuse type was 3 times more common in the early-onset esophagogastric cancer group (31% vs 9%, P &amp;lt; .0001). Early-onsite tumors were more frequently genomically stable (31% vs 18%, P = .0002) and unlikely to be microsatellite instability high (2% vs 7%, P = .003). After restricting to adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell and/or diffuse type carcinomas, we observed no difference in stage (P = .40) or overall survival from stage IV diagnosis (median = 22.7 vs 22.1 months, P = .78). Conclusions Our study supported a preponderance of gastric primary disease sites, signet ring histology, and genomically stable molecular subtypes in early-onset esophagogastric cancer. Our findings highlight the need for further research to define the underlying pathogenesis and strategies for early detection and prevention.
Implementation of Prevention Science to Eliminate Health Care Inequities in Achieving Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Anandita Agarwala, Jaideep Patel, Janna Stephens, Shamarial Roberson, Jewel Scott, Theresa Beckie, Elizabeth A. Jackson
Journal: Circulation (2023)

Prevention of cardiovascular and related diseases is foundational to attaining ideal cardiovascular health to improve the overall health and well-being of individuals and communities. Social determinants of health and health care inequities adversely affect ideal cardiovascular health and prevention of disease. Achieving optimal cardiovascular health in an effective and equitable manner requires a coordinated multidisciplinary and multilayered approach. In this scientific statement, we examine barriers to ideal cardiovascular health and its related conditions in the context of leveraging existing resources to reduce health care inequities and to optimize the delivery of preventive cardiovascular care. We systematically discuss (1) interventions across health care environments involving direct patient care, (2) leveraging health care technology, (3) optimizing multispecialty/multiprofession collaborations and interventions, (4) engaging local communities, and (5) improving the community environment through health-related government policies, all with a focus on making ideal cardiovascular health equitable for all individuals.
Mental Health Questions on State Medical License Applications and Evaluation of Updates
Authors: Rachel N. Douglas, Emily E. Sharpe, Molly Kraus, Daniel Saddawi-Konefka, Andrew C. Hanson, Bridget Pulos
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

This cross-sectional study evaluates the consistency of US medical license renewal applications with the Federation of State Medical Boards recommendations for questions regarding physician mental health.
Izokibep for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: a phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, dose-finding multicentre study including long-term treatment
Authors: Sascha Gerdes, Petra Staubach, Thomas Dirschka, Dieter Wetzel, Oliver Weirich, Johannes  Niesmann, Rodrigo da Mota, Alex Rothhaar, Michael Ardabili, Gerda Vlasitz, Joachim Feldwisch, Lisa Osterling Koskinen, Sven Ohlman, Paul M Peloso, Nikolai C Brun, Fredrik Y Frejd
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Monoclonal antibodies to interleukin (IL)-17 have shown strong efficacy in patients with psoriasis. Izokibep is a unique IL-17A inhibitor with a small molecular size and favourable distribution to sites of inflammation.To evaluate the dose response, efficacy and safety of izokibep in patients with plaque psoriasis.In this double-blind, randomized, phase II dose-finding study (AFFIRM-35) in adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and inadequate response to two or more standard therapies, patients were randomized (1:1:1:1:1) to placebo or izokibep 2, 20, 80 or 160 mg every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. During the remainder of the 52-week core study, patients given placebo were switched to izokibep 80 mg, and dosing intervals were adapted based on Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores for all patients. The core study was followed by two optional consecutive 1-year extension periods for a total duration of 3 years. The primary endpoint was a 90% reduction in PASI score (PASI 90) at week 12. Additional efficacy outcomes and adverse event (AE) rates were evaluated.In total, 109 patients were randomized [safety set, n = 108 (one exclusion criteria failure); full analysis set, n = 106]. At week 12, PASI 90 response rates were 0%, 5%, 19%, 71% and 59% for the placebo, 2-, 20-, 80- and 160-mg izokibep groups, respectively. Rapid dose-dependent improvements were also observed across other efficacy outcomes. During the placebo-controlled period, AEs in the izokibep groups were similar to placebo except for mild injection site reactions. AEs were generally mild to moderate and the drug was well tolerated. Izokibep maintained efficacy at the higher dosage groups for up to 3 years, with no new safety signals.Data from this phase II study indicate that izokibep is well tolerated and efficacious in the treatment of plaque psoriasis. Higher doses or more frequent dosing could be explored to further enhance response rates.
Benefits of Pulmonary Vein Isolation Beyond Rhythm Control
Authors: Julia Lurz, Karl-Heinz Ladwig
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Post-hospital recovery trajectories of family members of critically ill COVID-19 survivors: an international qualitative investigation
Authors: Joanne McPeake, Pedro Castro, Nancy Kentish-Barnes, Cecilia Cuzco, Elie Azoulay, Pamela MacTavish, Tara Quasim, Kathryn Puxty
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2023)

The immediate impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) visiting restrictions for family members has been well-documented. However, the longer-term trajectory, including mechanisms for support, is less well-known. To address this knowledge gap, we aimed to explore the post-hospital recovery trajectory of family members of patients hospitalised with a critical care COVID-19 admission. We also sought to understand any differences across international contexts. We undertook semi-structured interviews with family members of patients who had survived a COVID-19 critical care admission. Family members were recruited from Spain and the United Kingdom (UK) and telephone interviews were undertaken. Interviews were analysed using a thematic content analysis. Across the international sites, 19 family members were interviewed. Four themes were identified: changing relationships and carer burden; family health and trauma; social support and networks and differences in lived experience. We found differences in the social support and networks theme across international contexts, with Spanish participants more frequently discussing religion as a form of support. This international qualitative investigation has demonstrated the challenges which family members of patients hospitalised with a critical care COVID-19 admission experience following hospital discharge. Specific support mechanisms which could include peer support networks, should be implemented for family members to ensure ongoing needs are met.
Brave new world of cfDNA-omics for early cancer detection
Authors: Christian Rolfo, Alessandro Russo
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2023)

Early cancer detection still represents a mirage for most individuals with solid tumors, as effective and approved screening programs are available only for patients with breast, cervical, prostate, and colorectal cancers, as well as lung cancer in high-risk individuals. In addition to the limited
Prednisone and Live Birth Rate in Patients With Recurrent Implantation Failure
Authors: Marcelo Borges Cavalcante, Ricardo Barini
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Tenacity of White Walls
Authors: Rafael Campo
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Megan Crants, DO I confiscate mangoes.Rip wrinkled skin until I draw blood.Hold an ice-cold hand."We can fix this."Lock a door.Lock a cabinet.Sit through a meeting.Tell a mother her child is dying.Eat a turkey sandwich.Teach a family member how to drain fluid from the lungs.Refill my water bottle."We will fix this."Refill my caffeine pill bottle.Prescribe insulin.Find a new playlist of upbeat songs.Take baby steps to avoid disturbing the sleeping giant.Run.Sign a death certificate.Run.Push pain medication into someone's vein.Run.Tape someone's eyes closed.Discuss weekend plans.Admire the tenacity of the white walls.Do CPR.Renew a Foley catheter order.Hold my breath."I think we can fix this."Shake a test tube of clotting blood.Find a dead body and stop briefly to call the morgue.Finish rounds.Toss urinals of liver juice like a bad plumber."I don't think we can fix this."Borrow a stethoscope.Call a Cantonese interpreter.Measure bruises and sugar spikes.Teach and learn about inherited sickness.Spill the burden of human error.The line between cure and cursed runs thin.
Effect of chronic disease on racial difference in COVID-19–associated hospitalization among cancer patients
Authors: Xiao-Cheng Wu, Qingzhao Yu, Yong Yi, Lauren S Maniscalco, Mei-Chin Hsieh, DeAnn Gruber, Lee Mendoza, Suki Subbiah, Theresa Sokol, Pratibha Shrestha, Vivien W Chen, Eileen T Mederos, Augusto Ochoa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2023)

Research indicates that Black cancer patients have higher rates of COVID-19 hospitalization than their White counterparts. However, the extent to which chronic diseases contribute to racial disparities remains uncertain. We aimed to quantify the effect of chronic diseases on racial disparity in COVID-19-associated hospitalization among cancer patients.
Ventilatory Burden as a Measure of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity Is Predictive of Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality
Authors: Ankit Parekh, Korey Kam, Sajila Wickramaratne, Thomas M. Tolbert, Andrew Varga, Ricardo Osorio, Monica Andersen, Luciana B. M. de Godoy, Luciana O. Palombini, Sergio Tufik, Indu Ayappa, David M. Rapoport
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

Rationale: Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) used for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) captures only the frequency of respiratory events and has demonstrable limitations. Objective: We propose a novel automated measure termed ventilatory burden (VB) that represents the proportion of overnight breaths with less than 50% normalized amplitude and show its ability to overcome limitations of AHI. Methods: Data from two epidemiological cohorts (Sao Paolo Epidemiological Study (EPISONO), and Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS)) and two retrospective clinical cohorts (DAYFUN; NYU Center for Brain Health), were used in this study to a) derive the normative range of VB, b) asses the relationship between degree of upper airway obstruction and VB, and c) assess the relationship between VB and all-cause and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality with and without hypoxic burden (HB) that was derived using an in-house automated algorithm. Results: The 95th percentile of VB in asymptomatic healthy subjects across the EPISONO and the DAYFUN cohorts was 25.2% and 26.7% respectively (VBEPISONO=5.5[3.5-9.7]%, VBDAYFUN=9.8[6.4-15.6]%; median[interquartile range]). VB was associated with the degree of upper airway obstruction in a dose-response manner (VBuntreated=31.6(27.1)%, VBtreated=7.2(4.7)%, VBsuboptimally-treated=17.6(18.7)%, VBoff-treatment=41.6(18.1)%) and exhibited low night-to-night variability (ICC[2,1]=0.89). VB was predictive of all-cause and CVD mortality in the SHHS cohort, before and after adjusting for covariates including HB. While AHI was predictive of all-cause mortality, it was not associated with CVD mortality in SHHS cohort. Conclusion: Automated ventilatory burden can effectively assess OSA severity, is predictive of all-cause and CVD mortality, and may be a viable alternative to the AHI.
Prednisone and Live Birth Rate in Patients With Recurrent Implantation Failure—Reply
Authors: Yao Lu, Yaqiong He, Yun Sun
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Judgment vs Triage Scales for Detecting Large Vessel Occlusions in Suspected Acute Stroke
Authors: Eckhard Schlemm, Marius Piepke, Simon S. Kessner, Lukas Meyer, Bastian Cheng, Christian Gerloff, Götz Thomalla
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

This cohort study examines clinical judgment of large vessel occlusions compared with triage scales in a sample of patients admitted to the emergency department with suspicion of acute stroke.