tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

The correlation between tumor cell PD-L1 expression in pretreatment surgical pathology specimens and response to anti-PD-1 therapy is an exciting, but preliminary finding. Taube and colleagues expand upon their earlier observations to assess additional histologic and immunoarchitectural features of the pretreatment tumor microenvironment and how they correlate with response to anti-PD1. The presence of immune infiltrates, immune cell subsets, and PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Of these, tumor cell PD-L1 expression was the single factor most closely associated with objective response. These findings have both mechanistic and potential biomarker relevance for anti-PD-1 therapy.XAGE1 (GAGED2a) is a cancer/testis (CT) antigen expressed frequently in lung adenocarcinoma, which is the predominant histologic type of lung cancer. Ohue and colleagues investigated the clinical relevance of the XAGE1 (GAGED2a) immune responses in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients and found that the XAGE1 (GAGED2a) immune response is relevant for better prognosis and that the XAGE1 (GAGED2a) antibody response is a prognostic immune biomarker. On the other hand, XAGE1 (GAGED2a) antigen expression is predictive of a worse prognosis in patients with EGFR-mutated tumors. The protective effect of this naturally occurring immune response supports the concept of immunotherapy.Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) occasionally leads to T- and natural killer-cell lymphoproliferative diseases (T/NK-LPDs) that are refractory to conventional chemotherapies. Kanazawa and colleagues identified that CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) was expressed on most EBV-positive T- and NK-cell lines. A humanized anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody, mogamulizumab induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity against CCR4-positive cell lines, and inhibited the growth of EBV-positive NK-cell lymphomas in a murine xenograft model. Furthermore, CCR4 was expressed on EBV-infected cells in 8 of 17 patients with EBV-associated T/NK-LPDs. These finding suggests that mogamulizumab may be a promising therapeutic for patients with EBV-associated T/NK-LPDs.STAT3 is activated in many forms of cancer. Because PIAS3 is a key endogenous inhibitor of STAT3, it is possible that PIAS3 expression could be decreased in malignant tissue and thereby contribute to high STAT3 activation. Indeed, Dabir and colleagues demonstrated this was true in malignant mesothelioma as PIAS3 transcript levels were among the lowest of all solid tumors and, conversely, high expression of PIAS3 in mesothelioma tumors is predictive of a favorable prognosis. The authors went on to demonstrate that increasing PIAS3 expression in STAT3-driven mesothelioma cells, either by overexpression of exogenous PIAS3, stimulation of endogenous PIAS3 expression by curcumin or incubation with a PIAS3 peptide mimetic, led to decreased cellular STAT3 activation and promoted apoptosis. These results suggest that strategies to reactivate PIAS3 could represent a new therapeutic avenue to inhibit STAT3 activity and induce growth arrest in tumor cells.
Complications of Renal Transplantation: Appearances Using Tc-99m-DTPA
Authors: J G AYRES, A J W HILSON, M N MAISEY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

Dynamic renal imaging has now become an essential part of the management of patients with renal transplants. In this study of over 2900 renal transplant scans, the authors have produced a compendium of the abnormal appearances that they have encountered. Apart from the most commonly seen complications, those of acute tubular necrosis and rejection, we now recognize many different complications. These can be classified as urinary (e.g., leaks and obstruction), vascular (e.g., hematomas and infarcts), or a miscellaneous group that includes lymphoceles. Many of these may cause problems in scan interpretation by masquerading as episodes of rejection. Recognition of these patterns can prevent patients from receiving unnecessary antirejection therapy and also enable the physician to ask for the correct investigation in reaching an accurate diagnosis.
The Intestinal Protozoa of Man.
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy in Bacteriologic Assessment of Lower Respiratory Tract Secretions
Authors: Frank E. Flatauer
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Use of fiberoptic bronchoscopy to acquire pulmonary secretions has been shown to yield unreliable bacterial cultures. However, microscopic examination of such material has received little attention. In this study, 69 bronchoscopies were evaluated. Clinical assessment of the presence of a lower respiratory tract infection was made and cultures obtained. In addition, each specimen was analyzed with a Gram-stained smear. The Gram-stained smears of these specimens correlated extremely well with the clinical assessment. In 67 of the 69 cases, bronchoscopy yielded material whose Gram-stained smear accurately reflected the presence or absence of a pyogenic infection. In patients with lower respiratory tract infections, the smear also predicted the likely category of the causative organism. This study suggests that microscopic examination of lower respiratory tract secretions helps make fiberoptic bronchoscopy a potentially useful alternative in the evaluation of bacterial lung infections. (<i>JAMA</i>244:2427-2429, 1980)
Reperfusion hastens appearance and extent of distribution of type I collagen in infarct zone: immunohistochemical study in rat experimental infarction
Authors: S. Yamasaki, S. Kusachi, H. Moritani, J. Kondo, S. Hirohata, A. Tamura, T. Tsuji
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Journal Article Reperfusion hastens appearance and extent of distribution of type I collagen in infarct zone: immunohistochemical study in rat experimental infarction Get access Satoshi Yamasaki, Satoshi Yamasaki The First Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama 700, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Shozo Kusachi, Shozo Kusachi * The First Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama 700, Japan *Corresponding author. Tel.: (+ 81-86) 223-7151, ext. 2414; fax (+ 81-86)252-5991. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hiroki Moritani, Hiroki Moritani The First Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama 700, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jyun Kondo, Jyun Kondo The First Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama 700, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Satoshi Hirohata, Satoshi Hirohata The First Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama 700, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Akiko Tamura, Akiko Tamura The First Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama 700, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Takao Tsuji Takao Tsuji The First Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama 700, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 30, Issue 5, November 1995, Pages 763–768, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(95)00116-6 Published: 01 November 1995 Article history Received: 15 February 1995 Accepted: 23 June 1995 Published: 01 November 1995
Comparison of Schilling Test and Plasma Level of Cyanocobalamin Co 57
Authors: Diane Coiner
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Because of several undesirable features of the widely used Schilling test, results of this test and plasma levels of cyanocobalamin Co 57 were compared in 111 patients. The plasma test resulted in good separation of values between normal subjects and patients with vitamin B12 absorption defects. One patient with malabsorption had an unexplained falsely normal plasma concentration. On the other hand, over 5% of normal and over 50% of uremic patients had false-positive results of the Schilling test and normal plasma levels. The plasma test is more helpful than the Schilling test for patients with renal insufficiency and mental disturbances. It is a helpful adjuvant to the Schilling test to avoid mistakes in interpretation and repetitive tests. However, because of the consequences of missing a diagnosis of vitamin B<sub>12</sub>deficiency, the plasma test cannot be recommended exclusively as a substitute for the urine test at this time.
Intestinal Obstruction
Authors: H Stokes Munroe
Journal: BMJ (1942)

Intestinal obstruction is a common and distressing complication for patients with advanced abdominal or pelvic cancer. Many of these patients are unfit for surgery due to extensive local disease or poor general condition. There are now many drug regimens available that will relieve obstructive symptoms in most patients, although a few, mainly with high obstruction, will require a venting procedure.
Treatise on Plague, Dealing with the Historical, Epidemiological, Clinical, Therapeutic and Preventive Aspects of the Disease.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Targeting Cholesterol Biosynthesis in GBMVilla and colleagues show that in contrast to normal human astrocytes, glioblastoma (GBM) cells take up exogenous cholesterol in preference to de novo synthesis.In noncancerous cells, cholesterol is used to synthesize oxysterols, natural ligands for the nuclear hormone, liver X receptors (LXR).Consistent with increased dependence on cholesterol uptake and active suppression of LXR activity in GBM, GBM cells showed selective vulnerability to natural and synthetic agonists of LXR.Growth of intracranial xenograft and patient-derived GBM orthotopic xenografts was reduced significantly following treatment with the LXR agonist LXR-623.While differences in transcriptional regulation/cofactor recruitment profiles of specific LXR modulators and the expression of LXR isoforms may contribute to the gamut of responses to LXR agonists, this study highlights how different cancers respond to the same drugs in a genotype, metabolic state, and tissue context-dependent manner.(Image courtesy of
Osseous Changes and Osteosarcomas In Mice Continuously Fed Diets Containing Diethylstilbestrol or 17β-Estradiol&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

In a study on the long-term effects of dietary diethylstilbestrol or 17β-estradiol on C3H mice. estrogens induced a proliferation of osseous trabeculae and increased the incidence and hastened the development of osteofibrotic areas in the sterna. There were 6 osteosarcomas. 2 having metastases. in 1.242 mice fed dietary estrogens over 360 days. but none in 356 untreated controls. These tumors were reviewed along with 4 early sternal osteosarcomas selected from 17 osteosarcomas (only 1 in a control) found thus far in two other ongoing comparable studies. In at least 1 case. and possibly in 2 other early cases. tumors were associated with areas of osteofibrosis. and 1 tumor was probably associated with proliferation of bony trabeculae in the medullary cavity.
Prescribing antidepressants in general practice
Authors: D. Fish, M V Moore, D. Gill, R. S Tan, I. M Ali, K Milligan, A. F Bisset, J P Reid, T. Johnson, R. Martin, J. Morrell, S. Gilbody, T. Sheldon, F. Song, A. House, V. Murray, H. Walker, C. Mitchell, A. J Pelosi, D B Double
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Prescribing antidepressants in general practiceWhat is an effective dose?Editor-What should be the advised dosage of a tricyclic antidepressant for major depression?In his editorial Tony Kendrick quotes a recommended dose of a typical tricyclic antidepressant, amitriptyline, as 125 mg daily. 1 This dosage is at the higher end of the range of dosages quoted for all tricyclic antidepressants in the British National Formulary.If followed it would have major implications for the prescribing habits of general practitioners.The recommended dosage for amitriptyline for major depression is quoted from a consensus statement published in the BMJ in 1992. 2 The source of this recommendation is a double blind placebo controlled trial of amitriptyline among depressed patients in general practice. 3 In this trial patients given the active drug received amitriptyline 75 mg daily by the end of the first week, amitriptyline 100 mg during the second week, and amitriptyline 125-175 mg, depending on improvement, during the remaining four weeks of the study.The median dose of amitriptyline given over the six week study period was 125 mg.It is the median tolerated dose.Figure 1 in the paper by Hollyman et al clearly shows a response to treatment in the first two weeks, when the lower dose of amitriptyline was given. 3 Kendrick discusses the results of several investigations into the effectiveness of antidepressants at different dosages.Similar investigations have been used to develop the dose range of every prescribable antidepressantfor example, Kerihuel and Dreyfus reviewed 34 randomised clinical trials of lofepramine. 4 In the papers reviewed the concentration of lofepramine giving a clinical response ranged from 105 mg to 210 mg, which is equivalent to 75-150 mg amitriptyline.The principle that more severe cases of major depression require higher doses of antidepressants is also valid.It also holds true for newer selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.For example, a study of prescribing patterns across 23 381 prescriptions shows that a prescription for higher than the initial dose was required in 6.8% of patients taking fluoxetine, 21.1% of patients taking paroxetine, and 51% of patients taking sertraline. 5
Association Between Sacubitril/Valsartan Initiation and Mitral Regurgitation Severity in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: The PROVE-HF Study
Authors: James L. Januzzi, Alaa Mabrouk Salem Omar, Yuxi Liu, Sean Murphy, Javed Butler, G. Michael Felker, Iliana L. Piña, Jonathan Ward, Scott Solomon, Johanna Contreras
Journal: Circulation (2022)
Drug-Induced Blood Disorders
Authors: David A. Danielson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

A case-history study of drug-induced blood disorders (pancytopenia, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and granulocytopenia) was carried out at the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, a health maintenance organization with more than 200,000 members, for the ten-year period from 1972 through 1981. During this time, only 26 instances of hospitalization for such disorders were thought to be definitely, probably, or possibly due to drugs other than antitumor agents. The rate was of the order of one per 100,000 person-years at risk. Only quinidine/quinine and sulfa-containing drugs were implicated in more than one case. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:3257-3260)
Prolonged continuous acyclovir treatment of normal adults with frequently recurring genital herpes simplex virus infection. The Acyclovir Study Group
Authors: L. G. Kaplowitz
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In this 3-year study of suppressive acyclovir for recurrent genital herpes, patients with more than six recurrences per year were randomized initially to 400 mg of acyclovir or placebo orally two times per day, with recurrences treated with 200 mg of acyclovir five times per day for 5 days. In the second year of the study, all patients received acyclovir as a daily suppressive or intermittent acute therapy; in the third year, all received daily acyclovir. Among 525 patients completing 3 study years, 289 received 3 years of suppressive therapy and 236 received 1 year of acute therapy followed by 2 years of suppressive therapy. Of those who completed the third year, 61% were recurrence free that year; 25% of the suppressive therapy—only group were recurrence free for all 3 years. The annual recurrence rate dropped from more than 12 recurrences per year at baseline to 1.0 (suppressive therapy) and 1.4 (acute and suppressive therapy) recurrences during the third year. No significant toxic effects were detected. Daily suppressive acyclovir therapy was effective and well tolerated. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:747-751)
The Evolution of Divergences in Physician Supply Policy in Canada and the United States
Authors: Robert B. Sullivan
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The size, geographic distribution, and specialty mix of the US physician workforce continue to interest American health policy analysts. Evidence suggests that the United States is on the verge of a serious oversupply of physicians, particularly nongeneralist physicians. Canada faces some of the same problems in physician supply, cost, and distribution as does the United States. Unlike the American states, however, the Canadian provinces, which have responsibility for financing health care, have in recent years made changes in their physician workforce policies that address these problems. Of particular note, Canadian provinces have developed policies that limit medical school enrollments, adjust the specialty training mix to better accord with needs, and establish physician practice location incentives. This article proceeds on the assumption that historical and contemporary similarities between medical care systems in Canada and the United States make comparisons between them potentially valuable. It offers a historical perspective on the evolution of workforce planning in the 2 countries and identifies 3 periods of policy development. It also compares and contrasts the relative size and specialty composition of the Canadian and US workforces and discusses how Canadian initiatives have diverged from American policy. Unless the United States devises its own coordinated workforce strategy, it will have considerable difficulty limiting physician workforce growth and influencing specialization and distribution in the future.
Annual of the Universal Medical Sciences:
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Asymptomatic Opacity of the Left Hemithorax in an Adult
Authors: I. La Delfa
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>History</h3> A 30-year-old man was admitted for removal of a Silastic rod inserted four months earlier after a traumatic laceration of the flexor tendon of his left fifth finger. Otherwise he was asymptomatic and specifically denied any symptoms referrable to the chest (and heart). He was a nonsmoker and had a normal history of development in childhood. Physical examination revealed a healthy man in no distress with no fever, cyanosis, clubbing, or lymphadenopathy. The trachea was shifted to the left. The left hemithorax was dull to percussion. Expansion of the chest and vocal and tactile fremitus were reduced over the left hemithorax, and breath sounds also were decreased on the left side. The results of the remainder of the physical examination were completely normal. Findings from his admission laboratory tests, electrocardiogram, and analysis of blood gases were all normal. Posteroanterior and lateral roentgenograms of the chest were obtained (Fig 1,
Rehabilitation Medicine.
Authors: K H Silver, A A Siebens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

This article presents a limited overview of the assistance rehabilitation medicine can offer the elderly surgical patient. Appropriately timed rehabilitation can positively affect surgical outcome of elderly patients by restoring physical abilities and promoting independent function. Specific techniques and programs that follow rehabilitation principles can help offset organ system impairment associated with the aging process itself. Moreover, predictable complications of postoperative bed rest and deconditioning that negatively impact functional mobility and self-care can be prevented or rapidly reversed by adhering to sound rehabilitation precepts. The surgeon should be familiar with the concepts of preserving and restoring function, the members of the rehabilitation team, and the array of programs and settings available for the physically impaired and disabled elderly patient.