tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Vaping Cannabidiol Among US Adolescents
Authors: Hongying Daisy Dai, Roma Subramanian, Avina Mahroke, Ming Wang
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance e-Cigarette use and vaping marijuana (cannabis) are popular among US adolescents. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a compound found in the cannabis plant that has recently increased in use. Objectives To examine the prevalence of and factors associated with youths vaping CBD. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study included a nationally representative sample of students from middle and high schools (typical age, 11-18 years) in the US from the 2022 National Youth Tobacco Survey, conducted from January to May 2022. Exposure Demographic characteristics, harm perception of tobacco use, and vaping behaviors. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were weighted prevalence and population estimates of ever and current (past 30-day) vaping of CBD overall and by e-cigarette use status. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the association of currently vaping CBD with demographic factors and e-cigarette and tobacco use behaviors stratified by current e-cigarette use status. Results The study included 28 291 participants (51.1% male; mean [SD] age, 14.5 [2.0] years). Among 2448 current e-cigarette users, 21.3% (95% CI, 18.4%-24.1%) reported any past-month vaping of CBD and 6.3% (95% CI, 4.7%-7.8%) reported that they did not know whether they had vaped CBD. Hispanic e-cigarette users were more likely than their non-Hispanic White peers to report currently vaping CBD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3-2.8). Current e-cigarette users with higher frequency (≥20 days vs ≤5 days) and longer duration (2-3 years or &amp;amp;gt;3 years vs &amp;amp;lt;1 year) of use were more likely to report currently vaping CBD (frequency: AOR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.1-1.9]; 2-3 years: AOR, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.2-3.9]; 3 years: AOR, 3.2 [95% CI, 1.7-6.1]). Among 25 091 noncurrent e-cigarette users, 1.2% (95% CI, 1.0%-1.5%) reported currently vaping CBD and 2.3% (95% CI, 2.1%-2.6%) reported that they did not know. High school students (vs middle school students; AOR, 4.2; 95% CI, 2.8-6.1) and gay or lesbian (AOR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.6-5.4) or bisexual (AOR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.8-4.0) (vs heterosexual) youths were more likely to report vaping CBD, while those who perceived tobacco as dangerous (vs not dangerous; AOR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.3-0.6) had lower odds of reporting vaping CBD. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of US middle and high school students, the prevalence of youths vaping CBD was high, particularly among e-cigarette users and Hispanic and sexual minority populations. The findings suggest that evidence-based educational campaigns, interventions, and public policy changes are needed to reduce the harmful health outcomes possible with vaping CBD among developing youths.
Outcomes Following Lung Transplant for COVID-19–Related Complications in the US
Authors: Panagiotis Tasoudis, Leonard J. Lobo, Raymond D. Coakley, Chris B. Agala, Thomas M. Egan, Benjamin E. Haithcock, Gita N. Mody, Jason M. Long
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

The COVID-19 pandemic led to the use of lung transplant as a lifesaving therapy for patients with irreversible lung injury. Limited information is currently available regarding the outcomes associated with this treatment modality.
Efficacy, Safety, and Analysis Issues in a Study of Intraoperative Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Colon Cancer
Authors: Nir Horesh, Sameh Hany Emile
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Breast Cancer Overdiagnosis Common Among Older Women
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Integrative Genomic Analyses Identify LncRNA Regulatory Networks across Pediatric Leukemias and Solid Tumors
Authors: Apexa Modi, Gonzalo Lopez, Karina L. Conkrite, Chun Su, Tsz Ching Leung, Sathvik Ramanan, Elisabetta Manduchi, Matthew E. Johnson, Daphne Cheung, Samantha Gadd, Jinghui Zhang, Malcolm A. Smith, Jaime M. Guidry Auvil, Soheil Meshinchi, Elizabeth J. Perlman, Stephen P. Hunger, John M. Maris, Andrew D. Wells, Struan F.A. Grant, Sharon J. Diskin
Journal: Cancer Research (2023)

Abstract Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) play an important role in gene regulation and contribute to tumorigenesis. While pan-cancer studies of lncRNA expression have been performed for adult malignancies, the lncRNA landscape across pediatric cancers remains largely uncharted. Here, we curated RNA sequencing data for 1,044 pediatric leukemia and extracranial solid tumors and integrated paired tumor whole genome sequencing and epigenetic data in relevant cell line models to explore lncRNA expression, regulation, and association with cancer. A total of 2,657 lncRNAs were robustly expressed across six pediatric cancers, including 1,142 exhibiting histotype-elevated expression. DNA copy number alterations contributed to lncRNA dysregulation at a proportion comparable to protein coding genes. Application of a multidimensional framework to identify and prioritize lncRNAs impacting gene networks revealed that lncRNAs dysregulated in pediatric cancer are associated with proliferation, metabolism, and DNA damage hallmarks. Analysis of upstream regulation via cell type–specific transcription factors further implicated distinct histotype-elevated and developmental lncRNAs. Integration of these analyses prioritized lncRNAs for experimental validation, and silencing of TBX2-AS1, the top-prioritized neuroblastoma-specific lncRNA, resulted in significant growth inhibition of neuroblastoma cells, confirming the computational predictions. Taken together, these data provide a comprehensive characterization of lncRNA regulation and function in pediatric cancers and pave the way for future mechanistic studies. Significance: Comprehensive characterization of lncRNAs in pediatric cancer leads to the identification of highly expressed lncRNAs across childhood cancers, annotation of lncRNAs showing histotype-specific elevated expression, and prediction of lncRNA gene regulatory networks.
Representation of Race and Ethnicity in the Contemporary US Health Cohort <i>All of Us</i> Research Program
Authors: Nina Kathiresan, So Mi Jemma Cho, Romit Bhattacharya, Buu Truong, Whitney Hornsby, Pradeep Natarajan
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Importance To address systemic disparities in biomedical research, the All of Us (AoU) Research Program was created to identify the root causes and consequences of health outcomes in the US. However, the extent of AoU’s racial and ethnic diversity is unknown. Objective To quantify representation of key racial and ethnic groups in the accruing AoU nationwide health cohort and compare with their actual representation in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study compared the AoU program from May 2017 to June 2022 for individuals 18 years and older with the Decennial Survey 2020 (DEC) collected by the US Census Bureau. Exposures Representation of non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, non-Hispanic White, and uncategorized or multiple races in AoU. Main Outcomes and Measures The extent of underrepresentation or overrepresentation of each racial group in the AoU program at both nationwide and state-level relative to DEC. Results Of the 358 705 US adults in the AoU to date, individuals identified with the following race and ethnicity categories: 12 710 non-Hispanic Asian (3.5%), 73 348 non-Hispanic Black or African American (20.5%), 58 488 Hispanic or Latino (16.3%), 205 457 non-Hispanic White (57.3%), and 8702 uncategorized or reporting multiple categories (2.4%). Of 355 413 participants with available sex at birth and age data, 218 981 (61.6%) were female and had a mean (SD) age of 53.1 (17.0) years, 136 037 (38.28%) were male and had a mean (SD) age of 56.7 (17.0) years, and 395 reported nonbinary sex (0.1%), with a mean (SD) age of 55.4 (15.8) years. Compared with the referent US, non-Hispanic Black or African American individuals were overrepresented in the AoU by 8.73% (AoU, 20.5% [73 348 of 358 705] vs DEC, 11.7% [30 266 080 of 258 343 281]) and by relative scale, 1.94-fold. Non-Hispanic White individuals accounted for the greatest participation in the AoU with generally consistent dominance across all regions yet numerically underrepresented by absolute difference of −3.54% (95% CI, −3.70 to −3.38). Uncategorized or multiracial group in the AoU (2.4% [8702 of 358 705]) was 0.43-fold likely to be represented relative to the DEC (4.6% [11 922 096 of 258 343 281]) with an absolute difference of −2.19% (95% CI, −2.24 to −2.14). Moreover, non-Hispanic Asian individuals were underrepresented by −2.54% (95% CI, −2.60 to −2.48) prominently in most states. Individuals identifying as Hispanic or Latino were nominally underrepresented by −0.46% (95% CI, −0.58 to −0.34) (AoU, 16.3% [58 488 of 358 705] vs DEC, 16.8% [43 322 792 of 258 343 281]). Conclusions and Relevance Recruitment trends for the ongoing AoU show relatively improved representation of some major race groups with geographic trends. These findings underscore the need to further tailor and augment recruitment and participation initiatives for diverse populations.
F‐erythrocytes promote <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> proliferation in sickle cell disease
Authors: Natasha M. Archer, Bénédicte Gnangnon, Mahmoud Mikdar, Marioara F. Ciuculescu, Nicole Petersen, Steven J. Staffa, Manoj T. Duraisingh
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2023)

Abstract Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) remains prevalent because heterozygous carriers (HbAS) are partially resistant to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Sickle hemoglobin (HbS) polymerization in low and intermediate oxygen (O 2 ) conditions is the main driver of HbAS‐driven resistance to P. falciparum malaria. However, epidemiological studies have reported mixed malaria morbidity and mortality outcomes in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD). While maximum‐tolerated dose hydroxyurea has been shown to lower malaria incidence, fetal hemoglobin (HbF), an inhibitor of HbS polymerization that is variably packaged in F‐erythrocytes, might provide hemoglobin that is accessible to the parasite for feeding. Methods To explore that risk, we examined the effect of variable mean corpuscular fetal hemoglobin (MCHF) on P. falciparum proliferation, invasion, and development in HbSS RBCs. Results We found that greater MCHF in HbSS red blood cells (RBCs) is associated with increased P. falciparum proliferation in O 2 environments comparable with the microcirculation. Moreover, both parasite invasion and intracellular growth, the major components of proliferation, occur predominantly in F‐erythrocytes and are augmented with increasing MCHF. Conclusions HbF modifies P. falciparum infection in HbSS RBCs, further highlighting the complexity of the molecular interactions between these two diseases. Other inhibitors of HbS polymerization that do not increase HbF or F‐erythrocytes should be independently assessed for their effects on P. falciparum malaria proliferation in HbSS RBCs.
Networks of Neurodevelopmental Traits, Socioenvironmental Factors, Emotional Dysregulation in Childhood, and Depressive Symptoms Across Development in Two U.K. Cohorts
Authors: Luis C. Farhat, Rachel Blakey, George Davey Smith, André Fujita, Elizabeth Shephard, Evie Stergiakouli, Thalia C. Eley, Anita Thapar, Guilherme V. Polanczyk
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2023)

Objective: Previous population-based studies have identified associations between childhood neurodevelopmental traits and depression in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. However, neurodevelopmental traits are highly correlated with each other, which could confound associations when traits are examined in isolation. The authors sought to identify unique associations between multiple neurodevelopmental traits in childhood and depressive symptoms across development, while taking into account co-occurring difficulties, in multivariate analyses. Methods: Data from two U.K. population-based cohorts, the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) (N=4,407 independent twins) and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (N=10,351), were independently analyzed. Bayesian Gaussian graphical models were estimated to investigate pairwise conditional associations between neurodevelopmental traits (autism and ADHD symptoms and general cognitive, learning, and communication abilities), socioenvironmental stressors (academic performance and peer relations), and emotional dysregulation in childhood (ages 7–11) and depressive symptoms across development (ages 12, 16, and 21). Results: In both cohorts, bivariate correlations indicated several associations between neurodevelopmental traits and depressive symptoms across development. However, based on replicated findings across cohorts, these pairs of variables were mostly conditionally independent, and none were conditionally associated, after accounting for socioenvironmental stressors and emotional dysregulation. In turn, socioenvironmental stressors and emotional dysregulation were conditionally associated with both neurodevelopmental traits and depressive symptoms. Based on replicated findings across cohorts, neurodevelopmental traits in childhood could be associated only indirectly with depressive symptoms across development. Conclusions: This study indicates that associations between childhood neurodevelopmental traits and depressive symptoms across development could be explained by socioenvironmental stressors and emotional dysregulation. The present findings could inform future research aimed at the prevention of depression in youths with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Megakaryocyte morphology with <i>GATA2</i> germline mutation
Authors: Nkemdirim Jacob, Mike Leach, Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2023)

A 27-year-old man, under the care of the dermatology service with a 7-year history of extensive recurrent viral warts on his hands, eyelids, and lips, subsequently developed left-leg lymphedema with associated cellulitic episodes. An inherited immunodeficiency syndrome was considered. His full blood count showed hemoglobin concentration 134 g/L, white cell count 4.36 × 109/L, neutrophils 3.15 × 109/L, lymphocytes 1.02 × 109/L, monocytes 0.08 × 109/L, and platelets 150 × 109/L. Lymphocyte subset analysis showed reductions in CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and B cells. Subsequent DNA analysis revealed a heterozygous splice site mutation in intron 7 of the GATA2 gene (c.1143+1G>C) in keeping with a pathogenic constitutional GATA2 mutation. A baseline bone marrow aspiration biopsy showed mild dysplasia in the erythroid and myeloid lineages with more notable abnormalities in the megakaryocytes. These were highly variable in size with some showing separated and peripheralized nuclear components (top left and center) and others being non-lobated (bottom left and center). Small hypolobated megakaryocytes and micro-megakaryocytes were present (top and bottom right, all images ×100 objective). His bone marrow karyotype was normal. His subsequent yearly marrow evaluation has shown stable disease with no evidence of cytogenetic evolution. Germline GATA2 haploinsufficiency is associated with an immunodeficiency syndrome affecting the number and function of dendritic cells, monocytes, and T, B, and NK lymphocytes with a predisposition to atypical mycobacterial, fungal, and viral infections. It also affects hematopoietic stem cell maturation and can lead to familial marrow hypoplasia, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and acute leukemia. The megakaryocyte morphological abnormalities shown here are typical of this condition1 and can be seen despite preservation of the platelet count. Cytogenetic abnormalities, including loss of chromosome 7 and trisomy 8, are present in some cases. This condition should always be considered in children and young adults presenting with MDS, marrow hypoplasia, or acute myeloid leukemia, even in those without a personal or family history of immunodeficiency. The associated hematological sequelae carry a poor prognosis, and as allogeneic stem cell transplantation is often considered, it is important to exclude the condition in potential sibling donors. The authors do not have any conflicts of interest.
Integrative serum proteomics analysis reveals distinct immune and cardiovascular profile dysregulation in erythrodermic psoriasis
Authors: Biao Song, Chao Wu, Weida Liu, Yanan Wang, Xin Ning, Lan Guo, Xiaohan Liu, Yimeng Gao, Hongzhong Jin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

In-depth analysis of circulating proteome alterations identified that erythrodermic psoriasis (EP) presented a dysregulated serum proteome with distinct inflammation elevation, immune activation and metabolic disturbance. We found that EP harboured a blended immune milieu with distinct T helper (Th)17/Th1 skewing and mild Th2 activation. Additionally, atherosclerosis signalling were substantially increased in EP.
AI-based skin cancer detection: the balance between access and overutilization
Authors: Kaushik P. Venkatesh, Marium Raza, Joseph Kvedar
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2023)

Gregoor et al. evaluated the healthcare implications and costs of an AI-enabled mobile health app for skin cancer detection, involving 18,960 beneficiaries of a Netherlands insurer. They report a 32% increase in claims for premalignant and malignant skin lesions among app users, largely attributed to benign skin lesions and leading to higher annual costs for app users (€64.97) compared to controls (€43.09). Cost-effectiveness analysis showed a comparable cost to dermatologist-based diagnosis alone. This editorial emphasizes the balance in AI-based dermatology between increased access and increased false positives resulting in overutilization. We suggest refining the diagnostic schemas with new referral pathways to capitalize on potential savings. We also discuss the importance of econometric analysis to evaluate the adoption of new technologies, as well as adapting payment models to mitigate the risk of overutilization inherent in AI-based diagnostics such as skin cancer detection.
Sotatercept as a next-generation therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension: insights from the STELLAR trial
Authors: Grzegorz Kopeć
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2023)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension • Activin • Smad protein • TGF beta superfamily protein • Biomarkers Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease attributed to the narrowing of small pulmonary arteries, leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance, right heart failure, and premature death. 1 The mechanism of vessel narrowing involves vasoconstriction and vessel wall remodelling characterized by the proliferation of vascular wall cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells.PAH is characterized by a significant im-
Mounting Evidence Suggests Leprosy Is Endemic in Florida
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New Federal Dementia Care Model Supports Caregivers Too
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal