tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Smoking Characteristics Of Methadone Patients
Authors: Herbert Berger
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Those who work with alcoholic and drug addicts cannot help but be impressed with their dependence. They may be dependent on a wide variety of drugs, alcohol, tobacco, work, or religion. It was this observation that prompted me to editorialize<sup>1</sup>that there are no addictive drugs, but only addictive people. Patients in the methadone maintenance treatment program at the Richmond Memorial Hospital have exhibited multiple drug usage. They have intermittently used alcohol, methadone hydrochloride, heroin or the other opiates, tranquilizers, antidepressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. Their choice of drugs is governed not by design, but by availability. Their efforts to function in a drugfree state have failed uniformly. To substantiate the observation that these patients have an inborn tendency to overutilize any available habit-forming substance, a survey was made of the smoking habits of the 181 patients now under treatment. The results are as follows: Of the
In Vitro Measurement of Resistance to Phalloidin and γ-Glutamyltransferase of Carcinogen-Induced Preneoplastic Hepatocytes of Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Norimasa Sawada, Kazunori Furukawa, Hideyuki Tsukada
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Male inbred F344 rats weighing about 150 g were fed continuously a diet containing 0.02% N-2-fluorenylacetamide for 14–15 weeks. The presumptively preneoplastic hepatocytes were transferred to an in vitro system after dispersion by a collagenase-perfusion technique. Sensitivity to phalloidin in terms of formation of cytoplasmic blebs on the cell surface was less in the presumptively preneoplastic hepatocytes than in normal hepatocytes. Among the presumptively preneoplastic hepatocytes, the γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT)-positive cells were less sensitive to phalloidin than GGT-negative cells, indicating a greater contribution to the decrease in the sensitivity to phalloidin of the presumptively preneoplastic cells.
The Heritage of Hippocrates
Authors: Dwight L. Wilbur
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A number of years ago, a physician wrote an article for the widely circulated newspaper supplement, "American Weekly." In it he said this: If a man is good in his heart, then he is an ethical member of any group in society. If he is bad in his heart, he is an unethical member. To me, the ethics of medical practice are as simple as that. That is a beautiful and uncomplicated explantation of a complex subject, and I am sure thousands of readers must have nodded their heads in total agreement and understanding as they read it. It is my opinion, however, that the statement is not valid. It greatly oversimplifies a matter that has been a major concern of the medical profession for hundreds of generations. If it were true, men who are good in their hearts —and I think most of them are, in spite of noisy
Thyroid Uptake of Radioactive Iodine
Authors: Robert H. Caplan
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In the La Crosse, Wis, area, mean 24-hour thyroid uptake of radioactive iodine in 44 clinically euthyroid control subjects, was 12.1% ± 6.1% (SD). In a separate but related study, the 24-hour thyroid uptake of radioactive iodine performed for diagnostic purposes was reviewed in 65 euthyroid, 12 hypothyroid, and 14 hyperthyroid patients; the mean uptakes were 14.3% ± 7.7%, 3.9% ± 3%, and 48.7% ± 19%, respectively (mean ± SD). Iodine kinetic studies performed in the 44 control subjects revealed elevated urinary iodine excretion and plasma inorganic iodide concentration and depressed thyroid iodide clearance. These findings indicate an increased dietary intake of iodine in the population studied and suggest that revision of normal standards for thyroid function in the populations of other localities may be necessary.
The pharmaceutical industry and disease mongering
Authors: R. Tiner
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Mammalian pregnancy is an intriguing immunological phenomenon where the semiallogeneic fetus is not rejected. Tolerance toward the fetus involves a number of mechanisms associated with modifications of the immune status of the mother. In this study, we strongly suggest a novel mechanism for fetal evasion of maternal immune attack, based on the engagement and down-regulation of the activating NK cell receptor NKG2D on PBMC by soluble MHC class I chain-related proteins A and B (collectively termed MIC). A similar immune escape pathway was previously described in tumors. We found that MIC mRNA was constitutively expressed by human placenta and could be up-regulated upon heat shock treatment. Our immunomorphologic studies showed that the MIC expression in placenta was restricted to the syncytiotrophoblast. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed a dual MIC expression in the syncytiotrophoblast: on the apical and basal cell membrane and in cytoplasmic vacuoles as MIC-loaded microvesicles/exosomes. Soluble MIC molecules were present at elevated levels in maternal blood throughout normal pregnancy and were released by placental explants in vitro. Simultaneously, the cell surface NKG2D expression on maternal PBMC was down-regulated compared with nonpregnant controls. The soluble MIC molecules in pregnancy serum were able to interact with NKG2D and down-regulate the receptor on PBMC from healthy donors, with the consequent inhibition of the NKG2D-dependent cytotoxic response. These findings suggest a new physiological mechanism of silencing the maternal immune system that promotes fetal allograft immune escape and supports the view of the placenta as an immunoregulatory organ.
Several Choices Available for Repair of Ligamental Tears in the Knee
Authors: Virginia S. Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1990)

ONCE A TEAR is diagnosed, some surgeons still open the knee for repair, but the move is toward arthroscopic surgery, which has dramatically reduced the morbidity associated with knee surgery. Most often, it appears, the orthopedic surgeon simply mends the tear in the ligament. But when it has failed completely, reconstruction or replacement of the ligament will be necessary. The choices for repair include autografts, allografts, and prosthetic ligaments. Some surgeons have used the patellar tendon as a substitute for the anterior cruciate ligament. Other graft choices include semitendinosus, gracilis, iliotibial band, fascia lata, and retinaculum. Frank R. Noyes, MD, Cincinnati (Ohio) Sportsmedicine Center, prefers to use allografts of the anterior cruciate ligament. But he cautions they should be irradiated to guard against transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. The key to successful surgery, Noyes says, is the placement of the graft at the ideal isometric point. "The most common mistake
Baby food industry lobbies WHO
Authors: N.-J. Peck, P. Rundall, E. Sterken, A. Bronner
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Risks of syringe exchange programmes in prisons prevailEditor-Since 1998, 203 366 prisoners in Bavaria have been tested for HIV when placed under detention; 1379 prisoners were diagnosed for the first time as being infected with HIV.During the course of their detention around 35 000 inmates have been tested, predominantly drug addicts; only one serum conversion has been found.
Noncontraceptive Estrogens and Myocardial Infarction in Young Women
Authors: Lynn Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The effect of noncontraceptive estrogens on the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in women aged 30 to 49 years was investigated in 477 women with first infarctions and in 1,832 hospital control subjects. There was little evidence of an effect: overall, the estimated relative risk of acute MI for women who had used noncontraceptive estrogens in the preceding month, after allowance for potential confounding factors, was 1.0 (95% confidence interval, 0.6 to 1.7); the corresponding estimate for women who had discontinued use more than one month previously was 1.2 (0.8 to 1.8). There was also no apparent association in various subgroups, including women who smoked heavily and those who had no identified predisposition. (<i>JAMA</i>244:339-342, 1980)
Establishing the Diagnosis of Benign Familial Hematuria
Authors: Samuel S. Blumenthal
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Patients with microscopic hematuria are generally referred for urologic investigation. We describe 30 patients with normal renal function referred to our clinic during the years 1970 through 1987 for evaluation of hematuria, usually microscopic, in whom prior urologic and radiological studies had failed to determine the cause of bleeding. Urinary sediment from the patients and first-degree relatives revealed hemoglobin and red blood cell casts; the inheritance pattern was consistent with autosomal dominant transmission. During follow-up for up to 18 years, renal function remained normal, thus confirming the diagnosis of benign familial hematuria. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy and Alport's syndrome were less common than benign familial hematuria and could be differentiated from it by history, physical examination, and routine laboratory testing. Since benign familial hematuria is a common disorder in adults with hematuria and normal renal function, urinary sediment from patients and family members should be examined before extensive urologic and radiological procedures are performed. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:2263-2266)
Erythropoietin Alterations in Patients With Uremia, Renal Allografts, or Without Kidneys
Authors: Edwin A. Mirand
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Alterations in the levels of erythropoietin (erythropoietic stimulating factor [ESF] were measured in 43 patients with a variety of renal diseases including chronic pyelonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, and nephrosclerosis. In 20 patients well-maintained on a regimen of long-term hemodialysis, ESF activity was detectable and, at times, increased, both in plasma and urine specimens. Thirteen anephric patients were observed for postoperative periods of 1 to 116 days. Elevated ESF activity was present in 22 (29%) of 75 samples assayed, and ESF activity increased over time. Extrarenal ESF is present to a significant degree in anephric man, and is not necessarily directly relatable to the peripheral-blood hematocrit reading or degree of bone-marrow activity. Erythropoietin levels were measured in 57 specimens from 12 patients with cadaver renal allografts at periods up to 232 days postoperatively. Elevations of ESF levels can accurately reflect chronic renal-graft rejection,
The Genetics of Colorectal Cancer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Summaries for Patients1 October 2002The Genetics of Colorectal CancerSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-7-200210010-00005 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Colorectal cancer, which affects the colon [large intestine] or rectum, is a common type of cancer. Most cases occur in people with no special genetic susceptibility to colorectal cancer. However, some cases of colorectal cancer occur in people whose genes put them at high risk. Their colorectal cancer can be either inherited or familial. Colorectal cancer is inherited in fewer than 10 out of every 100 cases. People with inherited colorectal cancer have polyposis or nonpolyposis syndromes. In polyposis syndromes, patients develop many polyps in their colons. Some ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “The Genetics of Colorectal Cancer.” It is in the 1 October 2002 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 137, pages 603-612). The authors are PM Calvert and H Frucht.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Genetics of Colorectal Cancer Paula M. Calvert and Harold Frucht Metrics 1 October 2002Volume 137, Issue 7Page: I-48KeywordsCancer geneticsCancer preventionCancer screeningColonColorectal cancerGenetic counselingMismatch repairMutationRectumTumor suppressor genes ePublished: 1 October 2002 Issue Published: 1 October 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A Primer for Diabetic Patients: An Outline of Treatment for Diabetes with Diet, Insulin and Protamine-Zinc Insulin Including Directions and Charts for the Use of Physicians in Planning Diet Prescriptions
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Interstitial adenosine and cellular metabolism during -adrenergic stimulation of the in situ rabbit heart
Authors: J. P. Headrick, C. S. Emerson, S. S. Berr, R. M. Berne, G. Paul Matherne
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Objective: Adenosine, derived from hydrolysis of 5'-AMP, may be involved in coupling coronary blood flow to cardiac function and metabolism.The purpose of this study was to measure interstitial fluid (ISF) adenosine and S-AMP levels, and cytosolic S-AMP in in situ rabbit heart during P-adrenergic stimulation.Methods: Isoproterenol was infused into open chest rabbits (n = 7) at 1 and 4 pg.kg-' .min-'.Left ventricular ISF adenosine and S-AMP levels were measured using microdialysis, and energy metabolism simultaneously monitored using 3'P-NMR spectroscopy.Results: Graded p-stimulation increased heart rate (by 50% and 70%), arterial pulse-pressure (by 55% and 45%), and the rate-pressure product (by 45% and 70%).Dialysate [adenosine] increased 300-400% from a control value of 0.44 + 0.13 PM.Dialysate [5'-AMP] increased 200% from a control value of 0.94 + 0.22 PM.Cytosolic [ATP], pH and free [ME*'] remained stable, whereas [PCr] declined by lo-20%.Free cytosolic [S-AMP] increased 300~400% from a control value of 0.40 PM.Competitive inhibition of ecto-5'-nucleotidase with a,P-methylene-ADP (0.6 mg .kg-' min -'> significantly reduced ISF adenosine (and enhanced ISF 5'-AMP) during p-stimulation, but not under basal conditions.Conclusions: P-adrenergic stimulation increases ISF adenosine levels and depresses bioenergetic state in in situ rabbit heart without altering [ATP], pH or [Mg"],indicating an absence of "demand" ischemia.ISF adenosine originates primarily from cytosolic 5'-AMP under basal conditions whereas increased adenosine during p-stimulation appears to occur via hydrolysis of both ISF and cytosolic S-AMP.ISF adenosine levels achieved during stimulation are appropriate for stimulation of cardiovascular A , and A 2 receptors.
The Rehabilitation of the Hemiplegic Patient
Authors: Howard A. Rusk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

DURING the past year medicine has continued to see remarkable advances in all aspects of definitive medicine and surgery. Capping these recent advances have been the development of the new steroid hormones, Cortisone and ACTH, and the continued, dramatic discoveries in the field of antibiotics. These and other advances in medicine and public health, however, have added further to America's chief problem — chronic disease. As medical science continues to move forward in the prevention and cure of infectious diseases, chronic disabilities continue to mount.One of the principal causes of the increasing prevalence of chronic disease has been the . . .
Irritation From Scented Toilet Tissue
Authors: Mrs Rhoda S. Brody
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am writing as a means of alerting the medical community to a public health problem. It is my theory that scented toilet tissue is a cause of vaginal irritation. The ingredients required for the scent may be a factor leading to irritation and itching. Many women do not associate vaginal problems with their choice of toilet tissue. Continued daily use aggravates their condition. In conversations I had with several women suffering from vaginal itching, it was disclosed that invariably they were users of scented toilet tissue. I am hopeful that the medical profession will conduct further research on the potential harm of scented toilet tissue.
Alcohol Policy and Sexually Transmitted Disease Rates—United States, 1981-1995
Journal: JAMA (2000)

In the United States, adolescents and young adults are at higher risk for acquiring sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) than older adults. In addition, young persons who drink alcohol may be more likely than persons who abstain to participate in high-risk sexual activity, such as unprotected sexual intercourse or multiple sexual partners. If alcohol consumption promotes risky sexual behavior (disinhibition caused by the effects of alcohol), state government alcohol policies, such as alcohol taxation and minimum legal drinking age requirements, might reduce STD incidence among adolescents and young adults. Higher alcohol taxes and increases in the minimum legal drinking age have been associated with lower incidences of adverse alcohol-related health outcomes (e.g., motor-vehicle crash-related deaths, liver cirrhosis, suicide, and violent crime, including domestic violence). This report summarizes the findings of a study that suggest higher alcohol taxes and higher minimum legal drinking ages are associated with lower STD incidence among certain age groups.
Physician Payment: Fee for Time
Authors: Halley S. Faust
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Drs Wachtel and Stein<sup>1</sup>suggest a fee-fortime system. In 1980 through 1982 the Preventive Medicine Center of Ann Arbor (Mich) billed by using precisely this method. As patients made their initial appointment, they were informed that they would be charged on the basis of $75 per hour based on the number of minutes spent with them. This removed a significant incentive for us to push additional studies and services, made our patients feel as if they were being treated fairly, provided their expectations of cost in advance, and also reimbursed the owners, physicians, and support staff fairly.
Effectiveness of a Journal Intervention to Improve Abstract Quality
Authors: Roy M. Pitkin
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 10, 16 May 1990, Pages 823–824, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.10.823 Published: 16 May 1990
Issues in the Design and Conduct of Clinical Trials&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Charles H. Hennekens, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Careful consideration of issues in the design and conduct of clinical trials is essential for valid results to be achieved. Specifically, if the trial is randomized and well designed with respect to timing, pilot studies, choice of study population, sample size, duration of follow-up, and subject compliance, it can offer reliable evidence about a positive, inverse, or null effect of an intervention. With these considerations in mind, the Physicians' Health Study is being conducted among over 21,996 male physicians, 40–84 years of age, in the United States and involved a 2×2 factorial design used to test the roles of β-carotene in the prevention of cancer and aspirin in the reduction of cardiovascular mortality. The choice of physicians as the study population and the implementation of a prerandomization run-in period resulted in 100% mortality and 99.5% morbidity follow-up, as well as 98.5% compliance with the treatment regimen 6 months after randomization. The ultimate goal of these methodologic considerations is to design studies that clearly can prove or refute the hypotheses that was tested.
Rational Responses to Meeting the Challenge of Family Practice
Authors: W. R. Willard
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A year ago at this congress, I had the privilege of presenting a progress report in behalf of the Ad Hoc Committee on Family Practice. The report of that Committee has now been published and is generally available. The Council on Medical Education, which sponsored the Ad Hoc Committee's study, has endorsed the recommendations. They have been endorsed also by the House of Delegates of the American Medical Association at its November 1966 meeting in Las Vegas, which charged the Council of Medical Education with implementing the recommendations. Based upon these actions by the Council and the House of Delegates, it would appear that medicine, through its official spokesmen at the highest policy level, has responded favorably to the challenge of family practice as presented by the Ad Hoc Committee. It is one thing, however, to receive such endorsements from the Council and the House of Delegates; it is another