tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In obesity or overweight without diabetes, orforglipron increased weight loss at 26 wk
Authors: Darren Lau
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

ACP Journal Club3 October 2023In obesity or overweight without diabetes, orforglipron increased weight loss at 26 wkDarren Lau, MD, PhDDarren Lau, MD, PhDUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (D.L.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/J23-0077 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationWharton S, Blevins T, Connery L, et al; GZGI investigators. Daily oral GLP-1 receptor agonist orforglipron for adults with obesity. N Engl J Med. 2023;389:877-880. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37351564Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: References1. Shi Q, Wang Y, Hao Q, et al. Pharmacotherapy for adults with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2022;399:259-269. [PMID: 34895470] Google Scholar2. Knop FK, Aroda VR, do Vale RD, et al; OASIS 1 Investigators. Oral semaglutide 50 mg taken once per day in adults with overweight or obesity (OASIS 1): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2023;402:705-719. [PMID: 37385278] Google Scholar3. Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, et al; SURMOUNT-1 Investigators. Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity. N Engl J Med. 2022;387:205-216. [PMID: 35658024] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Darren Lau, MD, PhDAffiliations: University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (D.L.)Disclosures: The commentator has reported no disclosures of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=J23-0077.This article was published at Annals.org on 3 October 2023.ACP Journal Club is editorially independent from Annals of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics October 2023Volume 176, Issue 10Page: JC116KeywordsAdverse eventsBody mass indexBody weightClinical trialsObesityOverweightSafetyTreatment guidelinesWeight loss ePublished: 3 October 2023 Issue Published: October 2023 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2023 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Subcutaneous daratumumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone versus pomalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (APOLLO): extended follow up of an open-label, randomised, multicentre, phase 3 trial
Authors: Meletios A Dimopoulos, Evangelos Terpos, Mario Boccadoro, Sosana Delimpasi, Meral Beksac, Eirini Katodritou, Philippe Moreau, Luca Baldini, Argiris Symeonidis, Jelena Bila, Albert Oriol, Maria-Victoria Mateos, Hermann Einsele, Ioannis Orfanidis, Tobias Kampfenkel, Weiping Liu, Jianping Wang, Michele Kosh, NamPhuong Tran, Robin Carson, Pieter Sonneveld
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2023)
Measuring ovarian toxicity in clinical trials: an American Society of Clinical Oncology research statement
Authors: Wanda Cui, Rodney P Rocconi, Ramya Thota, Richard A Anderson, Suanna S Bruinooge, Ioanna A Comstock, Neelima Denduluri, Audrey Gassman, Julie Gralow, Karla J Hutt, Laleh Amiri-Kordestani, Matteo Lambertini, John Leighton, Karen H Lu, Sogol Mostoufi-Moab, Teri Pollastro, Shan Pradhan, Haleh Saber, Caroline Schenkel, Daniel Spratt, Suparna Wedam, Kelly-Anne Phillips
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2023)
In adults, MRAs reduce AF occurrence vs. non-MRAs
Authors: Geoffrey D. Barnes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Source Citation Fatima K, Asad D, Shaikh N, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis on effectiveness of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in reducing the risk of atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 2023;199:85-91. 37269781
Antithrombotic Therapy for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Antonio Greco, Giovanni Occhipinti, Daniele Giacoppo, Federica Agnello, Claudio Laudani, Marco Spagnolo, Maria Sara Mauro, Carla Rochira, Simone Finocchiaro, Placido Maria Mazzone, Denise Cristiana Faro, Davide Landolina, Nicola Ammirabile, Antonino Imbesi, Carmelo Raffo, Davide Capodanno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)
Suspected Bronchiectasis and Mortality in Adults With a History of Smoking Who Have Normal and Impaired Lung Function
Authors: Alejandro A. Diaz, Wei Wang, Jose L. Orejas, Rim Elalami, Wojciech R. Dolliver, Pietro Nardelli, Ruben San José Estépar, Bina Choi, Carrie L. Pistenmaa, James C. Ross, Diego J. Maselli, Andrew Yen, Kendra A. Young, Gregory L. Kinney, Michael H. Cho, Raul San José Estépar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Background: Bronchiectasis in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with greater mortality. However, whether suspected bronchiectasis—defined as incidental bronchiectasis on computed tomography (CT) images plus clinical manifestation—is associated with increased mortality in adults with a history of smoking with normal spirometry and preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is unknown. Objective: To determine the association between suspected bronchiectasis and mortality in adults with normal spirometry, PRISm, and obstructive spirometry. Design: Prospective, observational cohort. Setting: The COPDGene (Genetic Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) study. Participants: 7662 non-Hispanic Black or White adults, aged 45 to 80 years, with 10 or more pack-years of smoking history. Participants who were former and current smokers were stratified into normal spirometry (n = 3277), PRISm (n = 986), and obstructive spirometry (n = 3399). Measurements: Bronchiectasis identified by CT was ascertained using artificial intelligence–based measurements of an airway-to-artery ratio (AAR) greater than 1 (AAR >1), a measure of bronchial dilatation. The primary outcome of "suspected bronchiectasis" was defined as an AAR >1 of greater than 1% plus 2 of the following: cough, phlegm, dyspnea, and history of 2 or more exacerbations. Results: Among the 7662 participants (mean age, 60 years; 52% women), 1352 (17.6%) had suspected bronchiectasis. During a median follow-up of 11 years, 2095 (27.3%) died. Ten-year mortality risk was higher in participants with suspected bronchiectasis, compared with those without suspected bronchiectasis (normal spirometry: difference in mortality probability [Pr], 0.15 [95% CI, 0.09 to 0.21]; PRISm: Pr, 0.07 [CI, −0.003 to 0.15]; obstructive spirometry: Pr, 0.06 [CI, 0.03 to 0.09]). When only CT was used to identify bronchiectasis, the differences were attenuated in the normal spirometry (Pr, 0.04 [CI, −0.001 to 0.08]). Limitations: Only 2 racial groups were studied. Only 1 measurement was used to define bronchiectasis on CT. Symptoms of suspected bronchiectasis were nonspecific. Conclusion: Suspected bronchiectasis was associated with a heightened risk for mortality in adults with normal and obstructive spirometry. Primary Funding Source: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
Outcomes of Heart Transplant Donation After Circulatory Death
Authors: Hasan K. Siddiqi, John Trahanas, Meng Xu, Quinn Wells, Eric Farber-Eger, Chetan Pasrija, Kaushik Amancherla, Alexandra Debose-Scarlett, D. Marshall Brinkley, JoAnn Lindenfeld, Jonathan N. Menachem, Henry Ooi, Dawn Pedrotty, Lynn Punnoose, Aniket S. Rali, Suzanne Sacks, Mark Wigger, Sandip Zalawadiya, William McMaster, Steven Devries, Ashish Shah, Kelly Schlendorf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)
Safety and antitumour activity of cadonilimab, an anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody, for patients with advanced solid tumours (COMPASSION-03): a multicentre, open-label, phase 1b/2 trial
Authors: Xiangyu Gao, Nong Xu, Ziyu Li, Lin Shen, Ke Ji, Zhong Zheng, Dan Liu, Hanmei Lou, Li Bai, Tianshu Liu, Yunxia Li, Yuzhi Li, Qingxia Fan, Mei Feng, Haijun Zhong, Yi Huang, Ge Lou, Jing Wang, Xiaoyan Lin, Ye Chen, Ruifang An, Changzheng Li, Qi Zhou, Xin Huang, Zengqing Guo, Shubin Wang, Guiling Li, Junwei Fei, Lijing Zhu, Hong Zhu, Xiumin Li, Fenghu Li, Sihai Liao, Qinghua Min, Lei Tang, Fei Shan, Jifang Gong, Yunong Gao, Jun Zhou, Zhihao Lu, Xiaofan Li, Jianjie Li, Hui Ren, Xiaohong Liu, Hongxia Yang, Wenting Li, Weifeng Song, Zhongmin Maxwell Wang, Baiyong Li, Michelle Xia, Xiaohua Wu, Jiafu Ji
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2023)
Combined germline and somatic human FADD mutations cause autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
Authors: Olivier Pellé, Solange Moreno, Myriam Ricarda Lorenz, Quentin Riller, Marita Fuehrer, Marie-Claude Stolzenberg, Maria Elena Maccari, Christelle Lenoir, Morgane Cheminant, Tanja Hinze, Holger F. Hebart, Christoph König, Adrien Schvartz, Yohann Schmitt, Angélique Vinit, Emilie Henry, Aurore Touzart, Patrick Villarese, Pierre Isnard, Nathalie Neveux, Judith Landman-Parker, Capucine Picard, Fanny Fouyssac, Bénédicte Neven, Bodo Grimbacher, Carsten Speckmann, Alain Fischer, Sylvain Latour, Klaus Schwarz, Stephan Ehl, Frédéric Rieux-Laucat, Anne Rensing-Ehl, Aude Magérus
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2023)
Efficacy and safety of single-agent belantamab mafodotin versus pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (DREAMM-3): a phase 3, open-label, randomised study
Authors: Meletios Athanasios Dimopoulos, Vania T M Hungria, Atanas Radinoff, Sosana Delimpasi, Gabor Mikala, Tamas Masszi, Jian Li, Marcelo Capra, Angelo Maiolino, Vasiliki Pappa, Dominik Chraniuk, Iurii Osipov, Xavier Leleu, Michael Low, Morio Matsumoto, Neal Sule, Mary Li, Astrid McKeown, Wei He, Shelley Bright, Brooke Currie, Sue Perera, Julia Boyle, Sumita Roy-Ghanta, Joanna Opalinska, Katja Weisel
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2023)
Performance of the ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Cardiovascular Risk Equations in Clinical Practice
Authors: Jose R. Medina-Inojosa, Virend K. Somers, Mariana Garcia, Randal J. Thomas, Thomas Allison, Rajeev Chaudry, Christina M. Wood-Wentz, Kent R. Bailey, Sharon L. Mulvagh, Francisco Lopez-Jimenez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)
Covid-19: Vaccine hesitancy and access affect uptake of new boosters
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2023)

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has encouraged all Americans aged 6 months and older to get the new covid-19 booster amid indications that vaccine hesitancy and availability may be hindering uptake.CDC especially encouraged pregnant women to get covid-19, flu, and tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines, after data from earlier this year showed that uptake has been disappointing. 1 2 A CDC report found that about half of pregnant women surveyed between 28 March and 16 April 2023 said they had not had either a flu or a Tdap vaccine.Only a quarter had had both vaccines, and about three quarters had not had the previous bivalent booster covid-19 vaccine.
Standardized Definitions for Cardiogenic Shock Research and Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices: Scientific Expert Panel From the Shock Academic Research Consortium (SHARC)
Authors: Ron Waksman, Mohit Pahuja, Sean van Diepen, Alastair G. Proudfoot, David Morrow, Ernest Spitzer, Graham Nichol, Myron L. Weisfeldt, Mauro Moscucci, Patrick R. Lawler, Alexandre Mebazaa, Eddy Fan, Neal W. Dickert, Marc Samsky, Robert Kormos, Ileana L. Piña, Bram Zuckerman, Andrew Farb, John S. Sapirstein, Charles Simonton, Nick E.J. West, Abdulla A. Damluji, Ian C. Gilchrist, Uwe Zeymer, Holger Thiele, Donald E. Cutlip, Mitchell Krucoff, William T. Abraham
Journal: Circulation (2023)

The Shock Academic Research Consortium is a multi-stakeholder group, including representatives from the US Food and Drug Administration and other government agencies, industry, and payers, convened to develop pragmatic consensus definitions useful for the evaluation of clinical trials enrolling patients with cardiogenic shock, including trials evaluating mechanical circulatory support devices. Several in-person and virtual meetings were convened between 2020 and 2022 to discuss the need for developing the standardized definitions required for evaluation of mechanical circulatory support devices in clinical trials for cardiogenic shock patients. The expert panel identified key concepts and topics by performing literature reviews, including previous clinical trials, while recognizing current challenges and the need to advance evidence-based practice and statistical analysis to support future clinical trials. For each category, a lead (primary) author was assigned to perform a literature search and draft a proposed definition, which was presented to the subgroup. These definitions were further modified after feedback from the expert panel meetings until a consensus was reached. This manuscript summarizes the expert panel recommendations focused on outcome definitions, including efficacy and safety.
Early detection of autism using digital behavioral phenotyping
Authors: Sam Perochon, J. Matias Di Martino, Kimberly L. H. Carpenter, Scott Compton, Naomi Davis, Brian Eichner, Steven Espinosa, Lauren Franz, Pradeep Raj Krishnappa Babu, Guillermo Sapiro, Geraldine Dawson
Journal: Nature Medicine (2023)

Abstract Early detection of autism, a neurodevelopmental condition associated with challenges in social communication, ensures timely access to intervention. Autism screening questionnaires have been shown to have lower accuracy when used in real-world settings, such as primary care, as compared to research studies, particularly for children of color and girls. Here we report findings from a multiclinic, prospective study assessing the accuracy of an autism screening digital application (app) administered during a pediatric well-child visit to 475 (17–36 months old) children (269 boys and 206 girls), of which 49 were diagnosed with autism and 98 were diagnosed with developmental delay without autism. The app displayed stimuli that elicited behavioral signs of autism, quantified using computer vision and machine learning. An algorithm combining multiple digital phenotypes showed high diagnostic accuracy with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.90, sensitivity = 87.8%, specificity = 80.8%, negative predictive value = 97.8% and positive predictive value = 40.6%. The algorithm had similar sensitivity performance across subgroups as defined by sex, race and ethnicity. These results demonstrate the potential for digital phenotyping to provide an objective, scalable approach to autism screening in real-world settings. Moreover, combining results from digital phenotyping and caregiver questionnaires may increase autism screening accuracy and help reduce disparities in access to diagnosis and intervention.
Close Encounters of the Tertiary Kind: Intercellular Inflammatory Communication Long after AKI
Authors: Benjamin D. Humphreys
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2023)

Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri and Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri Correspondence: Dr. Benjamin D. Humphreys, Division of Nephrology, 660 South Euclid Avenue, MSC 8126-21-8846, Saint Louis, MO 63110. Email: [email protected] Published online ahead of print. Publication date available at www.jasn.org. See related article, "Tertiary Lymphoid Tissues are Microenvironments with Intensive Interactions between Immune Cells and Proinflammatory Parenchymal Cells in Aged Kidneys," on pages 1687–1708.
Elranatamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: the MagnetisMM-1 phase 1 trial
Authors: Nizar J. Bahlis, Caitlin L. Costello, Noopur S. Raje, Moshe Y. Levy, Bhagirathbhai Dholaria, Melhem Solh, Michael H. Tomasson, Michael A. Damore, Sibo Jiang, Cynthia Basu, Athanasia Skoura, Edward M. Chan, Suzanne Trudel, Andrzej Jakubowiak, Cristina Gasparetto, Michael P. Chu, Andrew Dalovisio, Michael Sebag, Alexander M. Lesokhin
Journal: Nature Medicine (2023)

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy expressing B cell maturation antigen (BCMA). Elranatamab, a bispecific antibody, engages BCMA on MM and CD3 on T cells. The MagnetisMM-1 trial evaluated its safety, pharmacokinetics and efficacy. Primary endpoints, including the incidence of dose-limiting toxicities as well as objective response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DOR), were met. Secondary efficacy endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Eighty-eight patients with relapsed or refractory MM received elranatamab monotherapy, and 55 patients received elranatamab at efficacious doses. Patients had received a median of five prior regimens; 90.9% were triple-class refractory, 29.1% had high cytogenetic risk and 23.6% received prior BCMA-directed therapy. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed during dose escalation. Adverse events included cytopenias and cytokine release syndrome. Exposure was dose proportional. With a median follow-up of 12.0 months, the ORR was 63.6% and 38.2% of patients achieving complete response or better. For responders, the median DOR was 17.1 months. All 13 patients evaluable for minimal residual disease achieved negativity. Even after prior BCMA-directed therapy, 53.8% achieved response. For all 55 patients, median PFS was 11.8 months, and median OS was 21.2 months. Elranatamab achieved durable responses, manageable safety and promising survival for patients with MM. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03269136 .
Multilevel visual motion opponency in Drosophila
Authors: Georg Ammer, Etienne Serbe-Kamp, Alex S. Mauss, Florian G. Richter, Sandra Fendl, Alexander Borst
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2023)

Abstract Inhibitory interactions between opponent neuronal pathways constitute a common circuit motif across brain areas and species. However, in most cases, synaptic wiring and biophysical, cellular and network mechanisms generating opponency are unknown. Here, we combine optogenetics, voltage and calcium imaging, connectomics, electrophysiology and modeling to reveal multilevel opponent inhibition in the fly visual system. We uncover a circuit architecture in which a single cell type implements direction-selective, motion-opponent inhibition at all three network levels. This inhibition, mediated by GluClα receptors, is balanced with excitation in strength, despite tenfold fewer synapses. The different opponent network levels constitute a nested, hierarchical structure operating at increasing spatiotemporal scales. Electrophysiology and modeling suggest that distributing this computation over consecutive network levels counteracts a reduction in gain, which would result from integrating large opposing conductances at a single instance. We propose that this neural architecture provides resilience to noise while enabling high selectivity for relevant sensory information.
Authors' Reply: Of End Points and Context of Use: A Reasonable Silver Lining for Urinary Chemokines Monitoring
Authors: Patricia Hirt-Minkowski, Caroline Wehmeier, Stefan Schaub
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2023)

Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland Correspondence: Prof. Stefan Schaub, Transplantation Immunology & Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland. Email: [email protected] Published online ahead of print. Publication date available at www.jasn.org. See related letter to the editor, "Of Endpoints and Context of Use: A Reasonable Silver Lining for Urinary Chemokines Monitoring," on pages 1765–1766 and original article, "Randomized trial to assess the clinical utility of renal allograft monitoring by urine CXCL10 chemokine," in Vol. 34, Iss. 8, on pages 1456–1469.
Of End Points and Context of Use: A Reasonable Silver Lining for Urinary Chemokines Monitoring
Authors: Angelica Pagliazzi, Elisabet Van Loon, Maarten Naesens
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2023)

1Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 2Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Correspondence: Prof. Maarten Naesens, Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Email: [email protected] Published online ahead of print. Publication date available at www.jasn.org. See related article, "Authors' Reply: Of Endpoints and Context of Use: A Reasonable Silver Lining for Urinary Chemokines Monitoring," on pages 1766–1767 and original article, "Randomized trial to assess the clinical utility of renal allograft monitoring by urine CXCL10 chemokine," in Vol. 34, Iss. 8, on pages 1456–1469.
Targeting IL-1 Receptor Signaling in AKI
Authors: Stefanie Steiger
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2023)

Renal Division, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany Correspondence: Dr. Stefanie Steiger, Renal Division, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336 Munich, Germany. Email: [email protected] Published online ahead of print. Publication date available at www.jasn.org. See related article, "Divergent Actions of Renal Tubular and Endothelial Type 1 IL-1 Receptor Signaling in Toxin-Induced AKI," on pages 1629–1646.
AZD5582 plus SIV-specific antibodies reduce lymph node viral reservoirs in antiretroviral therapy-suppressed macaques
Authors: Amir Dashti, Sophia Sukkestad, Anna M. Horner, Margaret Neja, Zain Siddiqi, Chevaughn Waller, Jordan Goldy, Dominique Monroe, Alice Lin, Nils Schoof, Vidisha Singh, Maud Mavigner, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Claire Deleage, Marina Tuyishime, Shane D. Falcinelli, Hannah A. D. King, Ruian Ke, Rosemarie D. Mason, Nancie M. Archin, Richard M. Dunham, Jeffrey T. Safrit, Sherrie Jean, Alan S. Perelson, David M. Margolis, Guido Ferrari, Mario Roederer, Guido Silvestri, Ann Chahroudi
Journal: Nature Medicine (2023)

Abstract The main barrier to HIV cure is a persistent reservoir of latently infected CD4 + T cells harboring replication-competent provirus that fuels rebound viremia upon antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption. A leading approach to target this reservoir involves agents that reactivate latent HIV proviruses followed by direct clearance of cells expressing induced viral antigens by immune effector cells and immunotherapeutics. We previously showed that AZD5582, an antagonist of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins and mimetic of the second mitochondrial-derived activator of caspases (IAPi/SMACm), induces systemic reversal of HIV/SIV latency but with no reduction in size of the viral reservoir. In this study, we investigated the effects of AZD5582 in combination with four SIV Env-specific Rhesus monoclonal antibodies (RhmAbs) ± N-803 (an IL-15 superagonist) in SIV-infected, ART-suppressed rhesus macaques. Here we confirm the efficacy of AZD5582 in inducing SIV reactivation, demonstrate enhancement of latency reversal when AZD5582 is used in combination with N-803 and show a reduction in total and replication-competent SIV-DNA in lymph-node-derived CD4 + T cells in macaques treated with AZD5582 + RhmAbs. Further exploration of this therapeutic approach may contribute to the goal of achieving an HIV cure.