tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Von Hippel-Lindau Disease–Associated Microcystic Adenoma of the Ethmoid Sinus Mimicking Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Suzune Tsukamoto, Sho Koyasu, Akihiko Sugimoto, Mami Matsunaga, Yuji Nakamoto
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

A 38-year-old man with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease and a history of renal cell carcinoma presented with a 2-month history of recurrent epistaxis. MRI revealed a microcystic tumor in the left ethmoid sinus with strong contrast enhancement. 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed FDG uptake (SUV max , 4.2) in the lesion. Under the suspicion of renal cell carcinoma metastasis, the patient underwent 2 surgical resections. However, based on the morphological and immunohistochemical findings, the patient was finally diagnosed with a VHL-associated microcystic adenoma of the ethmoid sinus, which is an extremely rare tumor that occurs in VHL disease.
18F-FDG PET/CT Findings of Myeloid Sarcoma Involving the Left Ventricle and Kidney in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Mingyu Zhang, Xu Yang, Yukun Si, Ying Kan, Jigang Yang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

A 1-year-old girl presented with vomiting for 1 week. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a mass with increased blood flow in the left lower abdomen. A malignancy was suspected. 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed multiple lesions in the left ventricular wall, the kidney, and the left lower abdomen. Biopsy of the left abdominal mass confirmed the diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma associated with acute myeloid leukemia. After 4 cycles of chemotherapy, follow-up PET/CT was performed for evaluating the therapy response, which showed complete resolution.
T <sub>regs</sub> in visceral adipose tissue up-regulate circadian-clock expression to promote fitness and enforce a diurnal rhythm of lipolysis
Authors: Tianli Xiao, P. Kent Langston, Andrés R. Muñoz-Rojas, Teshika Jayewickreme, Mitchell A. Lazar, Christophe Benoist, Diane Mathis
Journal: Science Immunology (2022)

Regulatory T cells (T
cDC1 coordinate innate and adaptive responses in the omentum required for T cell priming and memory
Authors: David A. Christian, Thomas A. Adams, Lindsey A. Shallberg, Anthony T. Phan, Tony E. Smith, Mosana Abraha, Joseph Perry, Gordon Ruthel, Joseph T. Clark, Gretchen Harms Pritchard, Lillian R. Aronson, Selamawit Gossa, Dorian B. McGavern, Ross M. Kedl, Christopher A. Hunter
Journal: Science Immunology (2022)

In the peritoneal cavity, the omentum contains fat-associated lymphoid clusters (FALCs) whose role in response to infection is poorly understood. After intraperitoneal immunization with Toxoplasma gondii , conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) were critical to induce innate sources of IFN-γ and cellular changes in the FALCs. Unexpectedly, infected peritoneal macrophages that migrated into the FALCs primed CD8 + T cells. Although T cell priming was cDC1 independent, these DCs were required for maximal CD8 + T cell expansion. An agent-based computational model and experimental data highlighted that cDC1s affected the magnitude of the proliferative burst and promoted CD8 + T cell expression of nutrient uptake receptors and cell survival. Thus, although FALCs lack the organization of secondary lymphoid organs, cDC1s resident in this tissue coordinate innate responses to microbial challenge and provide secondary signals required for T cell expansion and memory formation.
ROS-removing nano-medicine for navigating inflammatory microenvironment to enhance anti-epileptic therapy
Authors: Zheng Zhou, Keying Li, Yongchao Chu, Chao Li, Tongyu Zhang, Peixin Liu, Tao Sun, Chen Jiang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2022)

As a neurological disorder in the brain, epilepsy is not only associated with abnormal synchronized discharging of neurons, but also inseparable from non-neuronal elements in the altered microenvironment. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) merely focusing on neuronal circuits frequently turn out deficient, which is necessitating comprehensive strategies of medications to cover over-exciting neurons, activated glial cells, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation synchronously. Therefore, we would report the design of a polymeric micelle drug delivery system that was functioned with brain targeting and cerebral microenvironment modulation. In brief, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive phenylboronic ester was conjugated with poly-ethylene glycol (PEG) to form amphiphilic copolymers. Additionally, dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), an analogue of glucose, was applied to target glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and facilitate micelle penetration across the blood‒brain barrier (BBB). A classic hydrophobic AED, lamotrigine (LTG), was encapsulated in the micelles via self-assembly. When administrated and transferred across the BBB, ROS-scavenging polymers were expected to integrate anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and neuro-electric modulation into one strategy. Moreover, micelles would alter LTG distribution in vivo with improved efficacy. Overall, the combined anti-epileptic therapy might provide effective opinions on how to maximize neuroprotection during early epileptogenesis.
Prevalence of post-acute coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms twelve months after hospitalization in participants retained in follow-up: analyses stratified by gender from a large prospective cohort
Authors: Jade Ghosn, Delphine Bachelet, Marine Livrozet, Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez, Julien Poissy, François Goehringer, Charlotte Salmon Gandonniere, Mylène Maillet, Firouzé Bani-Sadr, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Pierre Tattevin, Odile Launay, Laure Surgers, Emmanuel Dudoignon, Geoffroy Liegeon, David Zucman, Cédric Joseph, Eric Senneville, Cécile Yelnik, Pierre-Marie Roger, Karine Faure, Marie Gousseff, André Cabié, Xavier Duval, Catherine Chirouze, Cédric Laouénan
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2022)
Recurrent urinary tract infection and estrogen shape the taxonomic ecology and function of the postmenopausal urogenital microbiome
Authors: Michael L. Neugent, Ashwani Kumar, Neha V. Hulyalkar, Kevin C. Lutz, Vivian H. Nguyen, Jorge L. Fuentes, Cong Zhang, Amber Nguyen, Belle M. Sharon, Amy Kuprasertkul, Amanda P. Arute, Tahmineh Ebrahimzadeh, Nitya Natesan, Chao Xing, Vladimir Shulaev, Qiwei Li, Philippe E. Zimmern, Kelli L. Palmer, Nicole J. De Nisco
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2022)

Postmenopausal women are severely affected by recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI). The urogenital microbiome is a key component of the urinary environment. However, changes in the urogenital microbiome underlying rUTI susceptibility are unknown. Here, we perform shotgun metagenomics and advanced culture on urine from a controlled cohort of postmenopausal women to identify urogenital microbiome compositional and function changes linked to rUTI susceptibility. We identify candidate taxonomic biomarkers of rUTI susceptibility in postmenopausal women and an enrichment of lactobacilli in postmenopausal women taking estrogen hormone therapy. We find robust correlations between Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and urinary estrogens in women without urinary tract infection (UTI) history. Functional analyses reveal distinct metabolic and antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) signatures associated with rUTI. Importantly, we find that ARGs are enriched in the urogenital microbiomes of women with rUTI history independent of current UTI status. Our data suggest that rUTI and estrogen shape the urogenital microbiome in postmenopausal women.
A deep learning model for detection of Alzheimer's disease based on retinal photographs: a retrospective, multicentre case-control study
Authors: Carol Y Cheung, An Ran Ran, Shujun Wang, Victor T T Chan, Kaiser Sham, Saima Hilal, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Ching-Yu Cheng, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Yih Chung Tham, Leopold Schmetterer, Gareth J McKay, Michael A Williams, Adrian Wong, Lisa W C Au, Zhihui Lu, Jason C Yam, Clement C Tham, John J Chen, Oana M Dumitrascu, Pheng-Ann Heng, Timothy C Y Kwok, Vincent C T Mok, Dan Milea, Christopher Li-Hsian Chen, Tien Yin Wong
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2022)
Ferrous sulfate-loaded hydrogel cures Staphylococcus aureus infection via facilitating a ferroptosis-like bacterial cell death in a mouse keratitis model
Authors: Zhen Wang, Hongbo Li, Wei Zhou, Jintae Lee, Zhenbin Liu, Zhixing An, Dan Xu, Haizhen Mo, Liangbin Hu, Xiaohui Zhou
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)
Mechanisms of Contraction of the Normal and Failing Heart
Authors: Eugene Braunwald, John Ross, Edmund H. Sonnenblick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

Mechanisms Governing Contraction of the Intact VentricleCharacterization of Cardiac Performance Characteristics of the cardiac pump. Analysis of the heart as a pump has classically centered upon the relation between the filling pressure or diastolic volume (the Frank–Starling relation). It was shown clearly in the heart-lung preparation that the stroke volume is a function of diastolic fiber length, and that the failing heart delivers a smaller than normal stroke volume from a normal or elevated end-diastolic volume.98 Later, the concept of measuring stroke volume over a range of mean atrial or ventricular end-diastolic pressures, and of using one of . . .
Involvement of trigeminal axons in nose-to-brain delivery of glucagon-like peptide-2 derivative
Authors: Tomomi Akita, Yusuke Oda, Ryosuke Kimura, Mio Nagai, Ayano Tezuka, Mizuki Shimamura, Kaho Washizu, Jun-Ichiro Oka, Chikamasa Yamashita
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2022)
Treatment of Sporotrichosis
Authors: Leonard M. Newmark
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Hornick's comments are well taken. He is perfectly correct in reminding the readers that there is no good evidence that griseofulvin is effective in the treatment of sporotrichosis. Our intention was not to suggest the drug as a mode of therapy for sporotrichosis, but rather to include it in a list of agents that have been used by other physicians for cutaneous sporotrichosis. There is no justification for using this drug in either cutaneous or disseminated sporotrichosis. The drug of choice has been and remains amphotericin-B. Potassium iodide is often used, effectively, in the therapy of cutaneous sporotrichosis and has been advocated by some as a justified medication in pulmonary sporotrichosis. We feel, however, that in any manifestation more severe than the cutaneous form, amphotericin should still be the primary drug.
Isolating Fetal Trophoblast Cells for Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis
Authors: Catherine Hawes
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Drs Simpson and Elias<sup>1</sup>reviews the feasibility of using various candidate fetal cells (eg, trophoblast cells, lymphocytes, granulocytes, and erythroblasts) for prenatal genetic diagnosis. The authors consider isolation of trophoblast cells to be theoretically attractive, but stated that with regard to the use of monoclonal antibodies directed toward trophoblast, no further data have been presented since the original publication in 1990.<sup>2</sup> In our laboratory, monoclonal antibodies to trophoblast have been used in an immunomagnetic separation to isolate trophoblasts from maternal blood. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the cell isolates correctly identified fetal sex in 13 of 14 cases.<sup>2</sup>The cell isolates were identified as syncytiotrophoblast in a morphological study.<sup>3</sup> More recently, further evidence was presented using polymerase chain reaction analysis to detect the paternally inherited allele for β-thalassemia in trophoblast isolates from maternal blood samples.<sup>4</sup>Inheritance was confirmed by
General Practice vs Family Practice
Authors: Leland B. Blanchard
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The terms "general practice" and "family practice" continue to be used interchangeably, in spite of conceptual differences. One can only guess to what extent this semantic problem has impeded progress in the development of family practice. For many years, members of our medical school faculties have been telling their students that because of rapidly increasing medical knowledge and skills, no one physician can know and do it all well, and, therefore, general practice means poor practice. The "official" definitions of these two terms is given in the AMA Council on Medical Education's Willard Report: "Family practice refers to the function of the practitioner, while general practice refers to the content of his practice."<sup>1</sup>One may amplify these definitions: General practice refers to the depth of knowledge and skills a practitioner has developed in all the clinical disciplines, whereas family practice refers to the manner in which he applies his
Web-based physical activity promotion in young people with CF: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Narelle S Cox, Beverley Eldridge, Sarah Rawlings, Julianna Dreger, Jennifer Corda, Jennifer Hauser, Brenda M Button, Jennifer R Bishop, Amanda Nichols, Anna Middleton, Nathan Ward, Tiffany Dwyer, Ruth Dentice, Raynuka Lazarus, Paul O'Halloran, Joanna Y T Lee, Christie Mellerick, Kelly Mackintosh, Melitta McNarry, Craig Anthony Williams, Anne E Holland
Journal: Thorax (2022)

Physical activity levels are known to decline following hospitalisation for people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). However, optimal physical activity promotion strategies are unclear. This study investigated the effect of a web-based application (ActivOnline) in promoting physical activity in young pwCF.Multicentre randomised controlled trial with assessor blinding and qualitative evaluation. People with CF (12-35 years) admitted to hospital for a respiratory cause were eligible and randomised to the 12-week ActivOnline intervention (AO) or usual care (UC). The primary outcome was change in device-based time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) from baseline to post-intervention. Follow-up was at 6 months from hospital discharge when qualitative evaluation was undertaken.107 participants were randomised to AO (n=52) or UC (n=55). Sixty-three participants (59%) contributed to the intention-to-treat analysis. Mean (SD) age was 21 (6) years (n=46, <18 years). At baseline, physical activity levels were high in both groups (AO 102 (52) vs UC 127 (73) min/day). There was no statistically significant difference in MVPA between groups at either timepoint (post-intervention mean difference (95% CI) -14 mins (-45 to 16)). Uptake of the intervention was low with only 40% (n=21) of participants accessing the web application.A web-based application, including individualised goal setting, real-time feedback and motivation for behavioural change, was no better than usual care at promoting physical activity in young pwCF following hospital discharge. High levels of baseline physical activity levels in both groups, and limited engagement with the intervention, suggest alternative strategies may be necessary to identify and support young pwCF who would benefit from enhanced physical activity.ACTRN12617001009303, 13 July 13 2017.
Differentiation of malignant from benign pleural effusions based on artificial intelligence
Authors: Sufei Wang, Xueyun Tan, Piqiang Li, Qianqian Fan, Hui Xia, Shan Tian, Feng Pan, Na Zhan, Rong Yu, Liang Zhang, Yanran Duan, Juanjuan Xu, Yanling Ma, Wenjuan Chen, Yan Li, Zilin Zhao, Chaoyang Liu, Qingjia Bao, Lian Yang, Yang Jin
Journal: Thorax (2022)

Introduction This study aimed to construct artificial intelligence models based on thoracic CT images to perform segmentation and classification of benign pleural effusion (BPE) and malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Methods A total of 918 patients with pleural effusion were initially included, with 607 randomly selected cases used as the training cohort and the other 311 as the internal testing cohort; another independent external testing cohort with 362 cases was used. We developed a pleural effusion segmentation model (M1) by combining 3D spatially weighted U-Net with 2D classical U-Net. Then, a classification model (M2) was built to identify BPE and MPE using a CT volume and its 3D pleural effusion mask as inputs. Results The average Dice similarity coefficient, Jaccard coefficient, precision, sensitivity, Hausdorff distance 95% (HD95) and average surface distance indicators in M1 were 87.6±5.0%, 82.2±6.2%, 99.0±1.0%, 83.0±6.6%, 6.9±3.8 and 1.6±1.1, respectively, which were better than those of the 3D U-Net and 3D spatially weighted U-Net. Regarding M2, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity and specificity obtained with volume concat masks as input were 0.842 (95% CI 0.801 to 0.878), 89.4% (95% CI 84.4% to 93.2%) and 65.1% (95% CI 57.3% to 72.3%) in the external testing cohort. These performance metrics were significantly improved compared with those for the other input patterns. Conclusions We applied a deep learning model to the segmentation of pleural effusions, and the model showed encouraging performance in the differential diagnosis of BPE and MPE.
Journal Club
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2022)

Walking for Exercise Benefits Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis In this issue, Lo et al (p.1660) report that, in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA), walking for exercise was associated with less frequent development of knee pain.The observed changes included those that were consistent with both structural modifications and symptom improvements.This study is the first to explore the effects of walking stratified by knee static alignment, and researchers found that walkers with varus alignment developed new frequent knee pain less frequently when compared to non-walkers in this group.The observational study included 1,212 self-selected walkers (73% of whom
Studies of the Internal Anatomy of the Face.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

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Admixture mapping of severe asthma exacerbations in Hispanic/Latino children and youth
Authors: Esther Herrera-Luis, Angel C Y Mak, Javier Perez-Garcia, Elena Martin-Gonzalez, Celeste Eng, Kenneth B Beckman, Scott Huntsman, Donglei Hu, Ruperto González-Pérez, José M Hernández-Pérez, Elena Mederos-Luis, Yang Yie Sio, Paloma Poza-Guedes, Olaia Sardón, Paula Corcuera, Inmaculada Sánchez-Machín, Javier Korta-Murua, Carlos Martínez-Rivera, Joaquim Mullol, Xavier Muñoz, Antonio Valero, Joaquin Sastre, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Sabrina Llop, Maties Torrent, Maribel Casas, José R Rodríguez-Santana, Jesús Villar, Victoria del Pozo, Fabian Lorenzo-Diaz, L Keoki Williams, Erik Melén, Fook Tim Chew, Luisa N Borrell, Esteban G Burchard, Maria Pino-Yanes
Journal: Thorax (2022)

Background In the USA, genetically admixed populations have the highest asthma prevalence and severe asthma exacerbations rates. This could be explained not only by environmental factors but also by genetic variants that exert ethnic-specific effects. However, no admixture mapping has been performed for severe asthma exacerbations. Objective We sought to identify genetic variants associated with severe asthma exacerbations in Hispanic/Latino subgroups by means of admixture mapping analyses and fine mapping, and to assess their transferability to other populations and potential functional roles. Methods We performed an admixture mapping in 1124 Puerto Rican and 625 Mexican American children with asthma. Fine-mapping of the significant peaks was performed via allelic testing of common and rare variants. We performed replication across Hispanic/Latino subgroups, and the transferability to non-Hispanic/Latino populations was assessed in 1001 African Americans, 1250 Singaporeans and 941 Europeans with asthma. The effects of the variants on gene expression and DNA methylation from whole blood were also evaluated in participants with asthma and in silico with data obtained through public databases. Results Genomewide significant associations of Indigenous American ancestry with severe asthma exacerbations were found at 5q32 in Mexican Americans as well as at 13q13-q13.2 and 3p13 in Puerto Ricans. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1144986 ( C5orf46 ) showed consistent effects for severe asthma exacerbations across Hispanic/Latino subgroups, but it was not validated in non-Hispanics/Latinos. This SNP was associated with DPYSL3 DNA methylation and SCGB3A2 gene expression levels. Conclusions Admixture mapping study of asthma exacerbations revealed a novel locus that exhibited Hispanic/Latino-specific effects and regulated DPYSL3 and SCGB3A2 .