tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A health equity framework to address racial and ethnic disparities in melanoma
Authors: Avani M. Kolla, Azizi Seixas, Prince Adotama, Victoria Foster, Simona Kwon, Vivienne Li, Ann Y. Lee, Jennifer A. Stein, David Polsky
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2022)

Although melanoma is rare among racial and ethnic minority groups, patients from these groups are 2 to 3 times more likely to die from melanoma than their non-Hispanic White counterparts.1,2 Compared with non-Hispanic White populations, racial and ethnic minority groups are less knowledgeable about the appearance of melanoma, less likely to be aware of the importance of skin self-examinations, and less likely to have received skin examinations from their provider.3 The cascading effect of inadequate melanoma health literacy, misunderstood personal risk (ie, low risk does not equal to no risk), and delayed receipt of medical care may explain the greater burden of thicker primary tumors and more advanced stage at initial diagnosis in these patient populations.
Topical corticosteroids for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: GRADE systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Antonio Bognanni, Derek K. Chu, Matthew A. Rank, Jonathan Bernstein, Anne K. Ellis, David Golden, Matthew Greenhawt, John B. Hagan, Caroline C. Horner, Dennis K. Ledford, Jay Lieberman, Amber U. Luong, Lisa A. Marks, Richard R. Orlandi, Shefali A. Samant, Marcus Shaker, Zachary M. Soler, Whitney W. Stevens, David R. Stukus, Julie Wang, Anju T. Peters
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Tolerability of COVID-19 Infection and Messenger RNA Vaccination Among Patients With a History of Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Mikayla Beckley, Aaron K. Olson, Michael A. Portman
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance Kawasaki disease (KD) symptoms significantly overlap with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children due to COVID-19. Patients with KD may be at risk for adverse outcomes from exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. Objective To describe the outcomes of patients with KD to SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. Design, Setting, and Participants This case series evaluated 2 cohorts using an existing KD database and reviewed individual electronic medical records for the period spanning January 1, 2020, through January 31, 2022, via electronic medical records that include Washington state immunization records. Vaccine cohort inclusion criteria consisted of being 21 years or younger at immunization and receiving 1 or more BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or messenger RNA (mRNA)–1273 (Moderna) vaccine doses. The COVID-19 cohort included patients 21 years or younger with positive polymerase chain reaction or nuclear capsid IgG findings for SARS-CoV-2. Participants included 826 patients from a preexisting KD database. One hundred fifty-three patients received at least 1 BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine dose and were included in the mRNA vaccine cohort. Thirty-seven patients had positive test results for SARS-CoV-2 and were included in the COVID-19 cohort. Exposures SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and/or infection. Main Outcomes and Measures Adverse events after mRNA vaccination and/or COVID-19, including clinician visits, emergency department encounters, or hospitalizations. Results Among the 153 patients included in the mRNA vaccination cohort (mean [SD] age, 13.0 [4.3] years; 94 male [61.4%]), the BNT162b2 vaccine was provided for 143 (93.5%), and the remaining 10 (6.5%) received mRNA-1273 or a combination of both. Among patients in the vaccine cohort, 129 (84.3%) were fully vaccinated or received a third-dose booster. No clinically severe adverse events occurred, and there were no reports of vaccine-related hospitalizations or outpatient visits. The COVID-19 cohort included 37 patients (mean [SD] age, 11.0 [5.5] years; 22 male [59.5%]). No patients required hospitalization due to COVID-19. The most common symptoms included low-grade fever, fatigue, cough, and myalgia with resolution within a few days. Two patients, aged 9 and 19 years, had extended cough and fatigue for 3 to 4 weeks. One patient developed COVID-19 within 6 weeks of receiving intravenous immunoglobulin for KD. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that the mRNA vaccines may be safe and COVID-19 may not be severe for patients with a history of KD.
Prostate cancer: case finding scheme is unapproved “screening by stealth,” GPs claim
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2022)

NHS England is set to launch pilots of prostate cancer case finding across the country, with the aim of closing the “treatment gap” created during the covid pandemic and improving early identification and diagnosis. A slide deck prepared by NHS England and NHS Improvement, seen by The BMJ , says that the pilots will target men at risk, defined as all men over 50, men with a close relative who has had prostate cancer, and black men over 45. It will invite these men for a prostate specific antigen (PSA) test, “counselling conversations and onward PSA testing” (box 1). During the pandemic ​​13 000 fewer people than expected started treatment for prostate cancer, NHS England has said. Box 1 ### How the pilots will work The pilot sites are currently being selected, with the initiatives set to launch from October 2022. Up to £2.5m has been made available to cancer alliances (regional bodies that bring together clinical and managerial leaders from across the local NHS) to cover the revenue costs in 2022-23, with further funding to be made available for delivery in 2023-24. NHS England has outlined three potential delivery models:RETURN TO TEXT
Retrospective detection of asymptomatic monkeypox virus infections among male sexual health clinic attendees in Belgium
Authors: Irith De Baetselier, Christophe Van Dijck, Chris Kenyon, Jasmine Coppens, Johan Michiels, Tessa de Block, Hilde Smet, Sandra Coppens, Fien Vanroye, Joachim Jakob Bugert, Philipp Girl, Sabine Zange, Laurens Liesenborghs, Isabel Brosius, Johan van Griensven, Philippe Selhorst, Eric Florence, Dorien Van den Bossche, Kevin K. Ariën, Antonio Mauro Rezende, Koen Vercauteren, Marjan Van Esbroeck, Kadrie Ramadan, Tom Platteau, Karin Van Looveren, Jolien Baeyens, Cindy Van Hoyweghen, Marianne Mangelschots, Leo Heyndrickx, Anne Hauner, Betty Willems, Emmanuel Bottieau, Patrick Soentjens, Nicole Berens, Saskia Van Henten, Stefanie Bracke, Thibaut Vanbaelen, Leen Vandenhove, Jacob Verschueren, Kevin K. Ariën, Marie Laga, Jef Vanhamel, Bea Vuylsteke
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)

The magnitude of the 2022 multi-country monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak has surpassed any preceding outbreak. It is unclear whether asymptomatic or otherwise undiagnosed infections are fuelling this epidemic. In this study, we aimed to assess whether undiagnosed infections occurred among men attending a Belgian sexual health clinic in May 2022. We retrospectively screened 224 samples collected for gonorrhea and chlamydia testing using an MPXV PCR assay and identified MPXV-DNA-positive samples from four men. At the time of sampling, one man had a painful rash, and three men had reported no symptoms. Upon clinical examination 21-37 days later, these three men were free of clinical signs, and they reported not having experienced any symptoms. Serology confirmed MPXV exposure in all three men, and MPXV was cultured from two cases. These findings show that certain cases of monkeypox remain undiagnosed and suggest that testing and quarantining of individuals reporting symptoms may not suffice to contain the outbreak.
Association Between the Relaxation of Public Health and Social Measures and Transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in South Korea
Authors: Sukhyun Ryu, Changhee Han, Dasom Kim, Tim K. Tsang, Benjamin J. Cowling, Sunmi Lee
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

This cohort study investigates the association between relaxation of public health and social measures and daily cases of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection in South Korea.
Cutaneous manifestations of monogenic auto-inflammatory diseases: An international cohort study from the Juvenile Inflammatory Rheumatism cohort
Authors: J.B. Monfort, S. Deshayes, P. Dusser, R. Bourguiba, L. Savey, C. Vinit, I. Koné-Paut, G. Amaryan, K. Theodoropoulou, R. Guedri, J. Pachlopnik, A. Belot, I. Melki, N. Perveen Maldar, C. Wouters, A. Woerner, D. Kaiser, G. Berthet, E. Merlin, P. Pillet, O. Richer, C. Barbier, C. Ballot, I. Bolt, H. Wittkowski, K. Rotornaz, A.L. Jurquet, S. Poignant, U. Meinzer, F. Vanoni, D. Dan, J.C. Lega, J. Brunner, A. Aouba, F. Uettwiller, G. Kaplanski, S. Ardois, N. Schleinitz, J. Dehoorne, V. Hentgen, S. Georgin-Lavialle
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2022)
Disparities in Survival and Comorbidity Burden Between Asian and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Patients With Cancer
Authors: Kekoa Taparra, Vera Qu, Erqi Pollom
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Improper aggregation of Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander individuals with Asian individuals can mask Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander patient outcomes. A comprehensive assessment of cancer disparities comparing Asian with Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander populations is lacking.
The US Now Has a Research Plan for Long COVID—Is It Enough?
Authors: Jennifer Abbasi
Journal: JAMA (2022)

George N. Ioannou, BMBCh, MS; Aaron Baraff, MS; Alexandra Fox, MSIS; Troy Shahoumian, PhD; Alex Hickok, MS; Ann M. O'Hare, MD; Amy S. B. Bohnert, PhD; Edward J. Boyko, MD, MPH; Matthew L. Maciejewski, PhD; C. Barrett Bowling, MD, MSPH; Elizabeth Viglianti, MD; Theodore J. Iwashyna, MD, PhD; Denise M. Hynes, MPH, PhD, RN
Understanding Acute Obstetric Morbidity Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Variants—Unwrapping the Layers of an Onion
Authors: Emily H. Adhikari, Catherine Y. Spong
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Maria Mupanomunda, MD, PhD, MBA; Mohamad G. Fakih, MD, MPH; Collin Miller, MS; Allison Ottenbacher, PhD; Angela L. Winegar, PhD; Phillip Roberts, BS; Moyo Kimathi, MPP; John G. Gianopoulos, MD; Alison G. Cahill, MD, MSCI; Joseph G. Cacchione, MD; Richard I. Fogel, MD; Thomas A. Aloia, MD; Frederick A. Masoudi, MD, MSPH
Comparison of scoring systems evaluating suitability for intensive chemotherapy in adults with acute myeloid leukemia—a Grand Ouest Against Leukemia (GOAL) study
Authors: Christophe Desprez, Jérémie Riou, Pierre Peterlin, Tony Marchand, Marie-Anne Couturier, Alban Villate, Jean-Baptiste Mear, Patrice Chevalier, Gaelle Guillerm, Emmanuel Gyan, Aline Schmidt-Tanguy, Roland B. Walter, Mathilde Hunault-Berger, Corentin Orvain
Journal: Leukemia (2022)
Task specificity in mouse parietal cortex
Authors: Julie J. Lee, Michael Krumin, Kenneth D. Harris, Matteo Carandini
Journal: Neuron (2022)

Parietal cortex is implicated in a variety of behavioral processes, but it is unknown whether and how its individual neurons participate in multiple tasks. We trained head-fixed mice to perform two visual decision tasks involving a steering wheel or a virtual T-maze and recorded from the same parietal neurons during these two tasks. Neurons that were active during the T-maze task were typically inactive during the steering-wheel task and vice versa. Recording from the same neurons in the same apparatus without task stimuli yielded the same specificity as in the task, suggesting that task specificity depends on physical context. To confirm this, we trained some mice in a third task combining the steering wheel context with the visual environment of the T-maze. This hybrid task engaged the same neurons as those engaged in the steering-wheel task. Thus, participation by neurons in mouse parietal cortex is task specific, and this specificity is determined by physical context.
Pharmacogenomic Profiling of Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia to Identify Therapeutic Vulnerabilities and Inform Functional Precision Medicine
Authors: Han Wang, Kathy Yuen Yee Chan, Chi Keung Cheng, Margaret H.L. Ng, Po Yi Lee, Frankie Wai Tsoi Cheng, Grace Kee See Lam, Tin Wai Chow, Shau Yin Ha, Alan K.S. Chiang, Wing Hang Leung, Anskar Y.H. Leung, Chi Chiu Wang, Tao Zhang, Xiao-Bing Zhang, Chi Chiu So, Yuet Ping Yuen, Qiwei Sun, Chi Zhang, Yaqun Xu, John Tak Kit Cheung, Wing Hei Ng, Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang, Wei Kang, Ka-Fai To, Wayne Yuk Wai Lee, Raymond S.M. Wong, Ellen Ngar Yun Poon, Qi Zhao, Junbin Huang, Chun Chen, Patrick Man Pan Yuen, Chi-kong Li, Alex Wing Kwan Leung, Kam Tong Leung
Journal: Blood Cancer Discovery (2022)

Abstract Despite the expanding portfolio of targeted therapies for adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), direct implementation in children is challenging due to inherent differences in underlying genetics. Here we established the pharmacologic profile of pediatric AML by screening myeloblast sensitivity to approved and investigational agents, revealing candidates of immediate clinical relevance. Drug responses ex vivo correlated with patient characteristics, exhibited age-specific alterations, and concorded with activities in xenograft models. Integration with genomic data uncovered new gene–drug associations, suggesting actionable therapeutic vulnerabilities. Transcriptome profiling further identified gene-expression signatures associated with on- and off-target drug responses. We also demonstrated the feasibility of drug screening–guided treatment for children with high-risk AML, with two evaluable cases achieving remission. Collectively, this study offers a high-dimensional gene–drug clinical data set that could be leveraged to research the unique biology of pediatric AML and sets the stage for realizing functional precision medicine for the clinical management of the disease. Significance: We conducted integrated drug and genomic profiling of patient biopsies to build the functional genomic landscape of pediatric AML. Age-specific differences in drug response and new gene–drug interactions were identified. The feasibility of functional precision medicine–guided management of children with high-risk AML was successfully demonstrated in two evaluable clinical cases. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 476
Acute vertigo: getting the diagnosis right
Authors: Kiran Agarwal, James Harnett, Nishchay Mehta, Fiona Humphries, Diego Kaski
Journal: BMJ (2022)

### What you need to know Dizziness is a common presentation to emergency departments and primary care.12 It is defined as the sensation of disturbed or impaired spatial orientation without a false or distorted sense of motion.3 The estimated prevalence of dizziness in a general practice community sample varies across studies4 but is approximately 20%.56 Its prevalence increases with age. While patients often use the word “dizziness” to describe their symptoms, this encapsulates a variety of distinct symptom clusters, including vertigo (box 1). Vertigo is a specific type of dizziness defined as the sensation of self motion when no self motion is occurring or the sensation of distorted self motion during an otherwise normal head movement.3 Acute vertigo represents up to 5% of all admissions to the emergency department.7 Box 1 ### Specific definitions that are often included under the term “dizziness”RETURN TO TEXT
Ponatinib after failure of <scp>second‐generation</scp> tyrosine kinase inhibitor in resistant <scp>chronic‐phase</scp> chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Hagop M. Kantarjian, Elias Jabbour, Michael Deininger, Elisabetta Abruzzese, Jane Apperley, Jorge Cortes, Charles Chuah, Daniel J. DeAngelo, John DiPersio, Andreas Hochhaus, Jeffrey Lipton, Franck E. Nicolini, Javier Pinilla‐Ibarz, Delphine Rea, Gianantonio Rosti, Philippe Rousselot, Neil P. Shah, Moshe Talpaz, Shouryadeep Srivastava, Xiaowei Ren, Michael Mauro
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2022)

Ponatinib, the only third-generation pan-BCR::ABL1 inhibitor with activity against all known BCR::ABL1 mutations including T315I, has demonstrated deep and durable responses in patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML) resistant to prior second-generation (2G) TKI treatment. We present efficacy and safety outcomes from the Ponatinib Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) and CML Evaluation (PACE) and Optimizing Ponatinib Treatment in CP-CML (OPTIC) trials for this patient population. PACE (NCT01207440) evaluated ponatinib 45 mg/day in CML patients with resistance to prior TKI or T315I. In OPTIC (NCT02467270), patients with CP-CML and resistance to ≥2 prior TKIs or T315I receiving 45 or 30 mg/day reduced their doses to 15 mg/day upon achieving ≤1% BCR::ABL1IS or received 15 mg/day continuously. Efficacy and safety outcomes from patients with CP-CML treated with ≥1 2G TKI (PACE, n = 257) and OPTIC (n = 93), 45-mg starting dose cohort, were analyzed for BCR::ABL1IS response rates, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and safety. By 24 months, the percentages of patients with ≤1% BCR::ABL1IS response, PFS, and OS were 46%, 68%, and 85%, respectively, in PACE and 57%, 80%, and 91%, respectively, in OPTIC. Serious treatment-emergent adverse events and serious treatment-emergent arterial occlusive event rates were 63% and 18% in PACE and 34% and 4% in OPTIC. Ponatinib shows high response rates and robust survival outcomes in patients whose disease failed prior to 2G TKIs, including patients with T315I mutation. The response-based dosing in OPTIC led to improved safety and similar efficacy outcomes compared with PACE.
The Effect on Foods of Fumigation with Hydrogen Cyanide.
Journal: JAMA (1931)

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Brain-Computer Music Interface, a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Héctor Fabio Torres-Cardona, Catalina Aguirre-Grisales
Journal: Brain-Computer Interfaces (2022)

Formulae display:?Mathematical formulae have been encoded as MathML and are displayed in this HTML version using MathJax in order to improve their display. Uncheck the box to turn MathJax off. This feature requires Javascript. Click on a formula to zoom.
Implementation of recommendations in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: considerations for development and uptake
Authors: Estibaliz Loza, Loreto Carmona, Anthony Woolf, Bruno Fautrel, Delphine S Courvoisier, Suzanne Verstappen, Sella Aarrestad Provan, Annelies Boonen, Thea Vliet Vlieland, Francesca Marchiori, Tiina Jasinski, Kristien Van der Elst, Mwidimi Ndosi, Krysia Dziedzic, Jose Miguel Carrasco
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)

A clinical guideline is a document with the aim of guiding decisions based on evidence regarding diagnosis, management and treatment in specific areas of healthcare. Specific to rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs), adherence to clinical guidelines recommendations impacts the outcomes of people with these diseases. However, currently, the implementation of recommendations is less than optimal in rheumatology. The WHO has described the implementation of evidence-based recommendations as one of the greatest challenges facing the global health community and has identified the importance of scaling up these recommendations. But closing the evidence-to-practice gap is often complex, time-consuming and difficult. In this context, the implementation science offers a framework to overcome this scenario. This article describes the principles of implementation science to facilitate and optimise the implementation of clinical recommendations in RMDs. Embedding implementation science methods and techniques into recommendation development and daily practice can help maximise the likelihood that implementation is successful in improving the quality of healthcare and healthcare services.
Expression of interleukin-6 in synovial tissue of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica
Authors: William F Jiemy, Anqi Zhang, Annemieke M H Boots, Peter Heeringa, Maria Sandovici, Arjan Diepstra, Sandra Hein, Bhaskar Dasgupta, Elisabeth Brouwer, Kornelis SM van der Geest
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)
Secukinumab in enthesitis-related arthritis and juvenile psoriatic arthritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, treatment withdrawal, phase 3 trial
Authors: Hermine I Brunner, Ivan Foeldvari, Ekaterina Alexeeva, Nuray Aktay Ayaz, Inmaculada Calvo Penades, Ozgur Kasapcopur, Vyacheslav G Chasnyk, Markus Hufnagel, Zbigniew Żuber, Grant Schulert, Seza Ozen, Adelina Rakhimyanova, Athimalaipet Ramanan, Christiaan Scott, Betul Sozeri, Elena Zholobova, Ruvie Martin, Xuan Zhu, Sarah Whelan, Luminita Pricop, Alberto Martini, Daniel Lovell, Nicolino Ruperto
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)

Treatment options in patients with enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) and juvenile psoriatic arthritis (JPsA) are currently limited. This trial aimed to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of secukinumab in patients with active ERA and JPsA with inadequate response to conventional therapy.In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, treatment-withdrawal, phase 3 trial, biologic-naïve patients (aged 2 to <18 years) with active disease were treated with open-label subcutaneous secukinumab (75/150 mg in patients <50/≥50 kg) in treatment period (TP) 1 up to week 12, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) American College of Rheumatology 30 responders at week 12 were randomised 1:1 to secukinumab or placebo up to 100 weeks. Patients who flared in TP2 immediately entered open-label secukinumab TP3 that lasted up to week 104. Primary endpoint was time to disease flare in TP2.A total of 86 patients (median age, 14 years) entered open-label secukinumab in TP1. In TP2, responders (ERA, 44/52; JPsA, 31/34) received secukinumab or placebo. The study met its primary end point and demonstrated a statistically significant longer time to disease flare in TP2 for ERA and JPsA with secukinumab versus placebo (27% vs 55%, HR, 0.28; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.63; p<0.001). Exposure-adjusted incidence rates (per 100 patient-years (PY), 95% CI) for total patients were 290.7/100 PY (230.2 to 362.3) for adverse events and 8.2/100 PY (4.1 to 14.6) for serious adverse events in the overall JIA population.Secukinumab demonstrated significantly longer time to disease flare than placebo in children with ERA and JPsA with a consistent safety profile with the adult indications of psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis.NCT03031782.