tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Smoking Wastes a Good Parisienne
Authors: Claire Bonithon-Kopp
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> A recent report by Shimokata et al<sup>1</sup>suggests that, in men, smoking might have an inverse effect on body mass index and the repartition of body fat by decreasing the body mass index and increasing the waist-hip ratio. Little is known about the associations between smoking and distribution of body fat in women. Data similar to those of Shimokata et al<sup>1</sup>are available in a cross-sectional study on the repartition of body fat performed among 408 French women aged 20 to 65 years employed in a department store in Paris, France. Although there was a weak but not significant negative association between body mass index and smoking status, there was a significant increase in the waist-hip ratio among the heaviest smokers (Table 1), thus confirming in a female population the previous finding of an unfavorable effect of smoking on the distribution of body fat in
Effects of catecholamines on the residual sodium channel dependent slow conduction in guinea pig ventricular muscles under normoxia and hypoxia
Authors: Ichiro Hisatome, Makato Arita
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Objective: The aim was to study the effects of catecholamines (isoprenaline and noradrenaline) on the action potential upstroke and conduction velocity in guinea pig ventricular papillary muscles. Methods: The upstroke velocity and the conduction velocity of the action potential were recorded by conventional two-microelectrode techniques in the guinea pig ventricular papillary muscle superfused with normoxic and hypoxic Tyrode solution of various potassium concentrations ([K+]o 2.7–16.7 mM), stimulated at 0.2 Hz. Results: Under normoxic conditions, the upstroke of action potentials is composed of two components, followed by ; when the muscle were perfused with relatively high [K+]o (10.8–16.7 mM). The is a measure of the residual (mostly inactivated) sodium current, while the , is a measure of calcium current. The conduction velocity at 13–17 mM [K+]o ranged from 30–40 cm·s−1 (slow conduction) with depolarised membrane potentials of about −60 mV. Isoprenaline in increasing concentrations (0.01–1 μM) did not significantly alter the conduction velocity but altered the ionic channels responsible for the slow conduction from residual sodium channel to calcium channel. In the presence of D600 (2 μM) or 1-verapamil (2.2 μM), isoprenaline (0.1 μM) rapidly decreased without increasing and a conduction block occurred. In the presence of pindolol (2 μM), all the effects of isoprenaline on , , and conduction velocity were abolished. Noradrenaline had the same effects as isoprenaline, although the potency was much less. Under hypoxic conditions, the effects of catecholamines on the was the same as under normoxic conditions. Conclusions: Catecholamines alter the ionic channel responsible for the slow conduction of reentry circuit from residual sodium to calcium channel, or vice versa, depending on the local concentrations of catecholamines. In the presence of a calcium antagonist, catecholamines strongly depress the ( dependent) slow conduction, leading to a complete block of conduction, under both normoxia and hypoxia.
Localization of a Mediastinal Adenoma by Selenomethionine Se 75 Scanning
Authors: David A. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Scanning with selenomethionine Se 75 revealed an ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the mediastinum of a patient with persistent hyperparathyroidism after a neck exploration in which four normal-looking parathyroid glands had been identified.
The British Society of Gastroenterology
Journal: Gut (1966)

Glasgow) Abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism, especially hypoglycaemia, have been reported frequently in patients with peptic ulceration.Their aetiological significance has been disputed.More recently intestinal humoral factors have been implicated in the normal insulin response to oral glucose.Standard 50 g.oral and 25 g.intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed in 14 patients with duo- denal ulcers and in 14 control subjects.Plasma insulin was assayed by the Hales and Randle immuno-assay technique.708
Antibiotic Treatment for Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Edward A. Gilkey
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Saint and colleagues<sup>1</sup>have written an article in support of treating exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with antibiotics. It is always nice to know one's applied standard of care is supported by the medical literature. Critical analysis revealed an exhaustive project leading to a conclusion with severe limitations. The selection criteria produced nine of 239 studies for metaanalysis. Randomized studies comparing treatment groups (antibiotics) vs control groups (placebo) were analyzed. A variety of outcomes were compared and averaged. In essence, averaged apples were compared with averaged oranges. No range of outcomes results were defined. For comparison between studies of effect size to be useful, the outcomes of a given study all must fall within a narrow range, with the mean defined as a representative sample of the population of outcomes studied. Even then, the mean of the means is suspect when the result
Tauroursodeoxycholate and tauro-β-muricholate exert cytoprotection by reducing intrahepatocyte taurochenodeoxycholate content
Authors: Takayuki Ohiwa, Kenji Katagiri, Makoto Hoshino, Tomihiro Hayakawa, Tomio Nakai
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Cytoprotection by tauroursodeoxycholic acid and tauro-β-muricholic acid against taurochenodeoxycholic acid-induced toxicity was examined with reference to intracellular bile acid content in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. In comparison with levels in the group administered taurochenodeoxycholic acid 1 mmol/L alone, lactate dehydrogenase levels in the culture medium decreased significantly in groups simultaneously administered taurochenodeoxycholic acid 1 mmol/L and tauroursodeoxycholic acid 0.5 to 2 mmol/L or tauro-β-muricholic acid. Results of the trypan blue uptake test indicated that the lactate dehydrogenase release was indeed caused by cell damage. After the administration of tauroursodeoxycholic acid 2 mmol/L or tauro-β-muricholic acid 2 mmol/L, intracellular taurochenodeoxycholic acid content was consistently reduced to half of that after administration of taurochenodeoxycholic acid alone. Simultaneous administration of dibutyl cyclic AMP also reduced intracellular taurochenodeoxycholic acid content and lactate dehydrogenase release. Being rinsed with tauroursodeoxycholic acid and tauro-β-muricholic acid after being precultured in taurochenodeoxycholic acid 1 mmol/L also markedly reduced their taurochenodeoxycholic acid content. Taurocholic acid caused limited reduction of intracellular taurochenodeoxycholic acid but not suppression of lactate dehydrogenase release. Taurodehydrocholic acid showed no reduction of taurochenodeoxycholic acid content and no decrease of lactate dehydrogenase release. Although only small amounts of tauroursodeoxycholic acid or tauro-β-muricholic acid were found to accumulate in hepatocytes, taurocholic acid increased as if replacing taurochenodeoxycholic acid. The results suggest that tauroursodeoxycholic acid or tauro-β-muricholic acid may exert cytoprotective effects by lowering intracellular taurochenodeoxycholic acid levels associated with their optimal hydrophilicity. (Hepatology 1993;17:470-476.)
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

SHP2 Inhibition Restores Sensitivity to ALK Inhibition in NSCLCTreatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors with second-generation ALK inhibitors results in drug resistance after initial response.Half of resistant tumors harbor ALK mutations.Tumors without ALK mutations are not expected to respond to third-generation ALK inhibitors, which can overcome all clinically identified resistant ALK mutations.Dardaei and colleagues used an shRNA screen in ALK-inhibitor-resistant patient-derived cells to identify genes that promoted sensitivity to ALK inhibition.SHP2, a nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase, was identified as a resistancepromoting protein, and treatment with SHP099, a small-molecule inhibitor of SHP2, in combination with the ALK inhibitor ceritinib reduced growth of resistant patient-derived cells in vivo.Expert Commentary: This study suggests that combined ALK and SHP2 inhibition overcomes heterogenous ALK-independent mechanisms of acquired drug resistance in patients with NSCLC positive for ALK rearrangement.(Image courtesy of Wikimedia
Cutaneous manifestations of congenital afibrinogenaemia
Authors: R. A. RUPEC, P. KIND, T. RUZICKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Skin problems from coagulation disorders have rarely been described in the dermatological literature. Here we report a patient with a complete congenital absence of fibrinogen which led lo leg ulceration, necrosis of the toes and a life‐threatening haemorrhage following skin biopsy. This patient shows that leg ulcers may have a complex aetiology and can reflect serious underlying disease.
New population, new HIV vaccine in clinical trials
Authors: B. Merz
Journal: JAMA (1988)

CLINICAL TRIALS of vaccines against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are picking up steam after a slow start. Officials at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md, predict that the current phase I studies, which are designed to evaluate safety and immunogenicity, may be completed in a year. The first vaccine approved for clinical testing, based on gp160, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope precursor protein, and produced by MicroGeneSys, Inc, West Haven, Conn, went into trials in September. Since then the biotechnology firm, in conjunction with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) in Bethesda, Md, has been working to recruit 81 volunteers for phase I studies. The investigators have announced that they are looking for healthy seronegative homosexual men who will agree to practice safe sex with uninfected partners. The protocol specifies that the study population be assigned to four equal groups, each of which would receive
PSROs: Problems and Potentials for Psychiatry
Authors: Gene D. Cohen, Margaret Conwell, Lucy D. Ozarin, Frank M. Ochberg
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The authors discuss the difficulties and opportunities that the Professional Standards Review Organization (PSRO) can create in psychiatry. They examine the issues of alternatives to admission, length of stay, quality versus cost decisions, confidentiality, multidisciplinary concerns, and psychiatric representation in PSROs as well as the adverse reactions of organized medicine to the PSRO program.
Prolonged spontaneous pneumomediastinum in adult dermatomyositis
Authors: E Carmody, J Mcnicholl, G Chadwick, B Bresnihan, M X Fitzgerald
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Prolonged spontaneous pneumomediastinum in adult dermatomyositis SIR, We read with great interest Dr Bradley's first reported case of pneumomediastinum in an adult with derma- tomyositis.'We describe here a similar event, where spontaneous pneumomediastinum occurred in a patient with dermatomyositis and persisted for five months.In January 1986 a 20 year old man was admitted to hospital for assessment of recent generalised muscle, weakness.Examination showed a classic periorbital helio- trope rash, violet oedematous skin lesions over the metacarpophalangeal joints, and numerous vasculitic lesions on the fingers.Proximal muscle weakness was noted and the serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) was raised at 635 IU/I (normal 0-186 IU/l).Treatment
Regional Diagnostic Virology Services
Authors: C. George Ray
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The rates of detection of virus infections among all patients studied by a clinical virology laboratory during a 3 1/2-year period were analyzed to determine whether delays in specimen transport time of up to 24 hours influenced yields. No significant effects were found. The data suggest that regionalization of clinical virology services can be done without adversely affecting diagnostic sensitivity. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1309-1310)
Bovine Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Tumor-Associated Immunity Detected by E-Rosette Augmentation Test&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

The E-rosette augmentation (ERA) assay was used to study cell-mediated immunity with blood leukocytes from cattle with bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (BOSCC), from cattle with benign ocular or cutaneous lesions, and from healthy controls. Potassium chloride extracts (3 M) of BOSCC and skin from the same donor, cutaneous bovine papillomas, allogeneic lymphosarcoma, and xenogeneic sheep squamous cell carcinoma were used as antigens. Of the 21 animals with BOSCC, leukocytes of 19 gave positive ERA reactions to BOSCC extract and only those of 4 reacted nonspecifically to other extracts. Of 21 animals in the control group, only 3 gave positive ERA reactions. In reciprocal tests, cattle with BOSCC showed ERA reactivity only against extracts of BOSCC, and cattle with cutaneous papillomas showed reactivity only against extracts of cutaneous papillomas. Blood leukocytes from tumor-bearing cattle stimulated with related tumor extracts released a soluble factor that enhanced E-rosette formation when tested on normal bovine leukocytes.
Inheritance of Resistance to Polyoma Tumorigenesis in Inbred Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

The inheritance of resistance to polyoma-virus-induced tumorisenesis of C57BL/KI mice, crossbred with the tumor-susceptible DBA/2 strain, was investigated. Polyoma tumor incidences in the various animal groups inoculated neonatally with 0.05 ml of polyoma virus (hemagglutination titer 1:512) were as follows: DBA/2, 93 percent; C57BL/KI, 7 percent; (DBA/2 × C57BL/KI)F1, 27 percent; (DBA/2 × C57BL/KI)F2, 52 percent; F1 × DBA/2, 75 percent; F1 × C57BL/KI, 10 percent. The tumor incidences in F1 and F2 hybrids and the backcross mice support the assumption that the tumor resistance of C57BL/KI mice is an incompletely dominant characteristic of relatively simple inheritance. The figures are compatible with an inheritance depending on 2 or 3 independent genes, all of which are required for the expression of the resistance. It seems that double doses of the genes are more efficient in conferring resistance than single doses. The effects of virus dose and route of inoculation, as well as the choice of the susceptible parent strain on tumor incidence in the hybrid mice, are discussed in relation to another study in which different conclusions were reached about the inheritance of the polyoma tumor resistance in C57BL mice.
Assessment of Interaction Among Three Carcinogens on Rat Mammary Carcinogenesis in a Factorially Designed Experiment&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Claire J. Shellabarger, Stella G. Machado, Seymour Holtzman, J. Patrick Stone
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given by stomach tube 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene [(DMBA) CAS: 57-97-6] on the 77th day of age at the rate of 1.6 mg/100 g body weight, or procarbazine [(PCZ) CAS: 671-16-9] on the 84th day of age at the rate of 10 mg/100 g body weight, or 0.5 Gy of total-body x-rays on the 91st day of age, singly or in all possible combinations or no treatment. All rats were studied for mammary carcinogenesis for 370 days after the 84th day of age. Three measures of mammary carcinogenesis were studied. These were the incidence of rats with mammary adenocarcinomas, or mammary fibroadenomas, or mammary neoplasia of either type. Each of these measures was studied also for rats with 2 or more or 3 or more mammary neoplasms. Assessment of possible interaction among the three carcinogens with regard to the incidence of neoplasms was done by time-independent or time-dependent methods, both of which gave remarkably consistent results. For rats with 1 or more adenocarcinomas, 1 or more fibroadenomas, or 1 or more adenocarcinomas and/or fibroadenomas, both methods showed no interaction among the carcinogens, which can, therefore, be considered to have produced additive effects. An exception to this finding of additivity was an apparent synergistic interaction between DMBA and PCZ when the measures of rats with 2 or more, or 3 or more mammary neoplasms of either type, or 3 or more fibroadenomas were analyzed; these analyses, however, were based on relatively small numbers of rats with multiple tumors. Since no interactions were found for the usual measure of carcinogenesis, namely, incidence of rats with 1 or more neoplasms, the overall conclusion is that DMBA, PCZ, and x-ray act additively in the induction of mammary neoplasms in the female Sprague-Dawley rat.
A Violence Prevention Curriculum
Authors: Jesse Green
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The randomized controlled trial by Dr Grossman and colleagues<sup>1</sup>of a violence prevention curriculum is mistitled; the study is neither a randomized trial nor an investigation of violence. Second, procedural flaws, data errors, and conjectural interpretations cast doubt on the curriculum's reported success. Contrary to common usage, words like "aggression" did not signify physical attack but milder conduct like stomping one's feet or sticking out one's tongue.<sup>2</sup>In theory, such conduct may induce violence. However, the present study tracked nonviolent behavior in 8-year-olds, so phrases like "violence prevention" are speculation. The accompanying Editorial went further, praising the curriculum for "addressing intentional injuries" and potentially yielding "safer homes, safer schools, and safer communities."<sup>3</sup> More troubling was the unfounded depiction of this research as a randomized controlled trial. In this study neither children nor schools were randomized. The pairing of schools followed by random assignment within
Editorial board and contents
Authors: Charles Birkeland, Paul Dayton, Michael Bell, Matthew Travis, Cynthia Parr, Michael Cummings, Kevin Foster, Francis Ratnieks, John Pannell, Marcel Dorken, Sarah Eppley, Terence Hughes, David Bellwood, Carl Folke, Robert Steneck, James Wilson, William Bond, Jon Keeley, David Burney, Timothy Flannery, Guy Woodward, Bo Ebenman, Mark Emmerson, Jose Montoya, Jens Olesen, Alfredo Valido, Philip Warren Trendsin, Katrina Lythgoe, Linsey Stapley, Laura Smith, Manager Moulton, Ernst Mayr, K Boege, R Marquis, J Miller, L Conradt, T Roper
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2005)
Ten Years of Operative Surgery in the Provinces
Authors: A. Prichard
Journal: BMJ (1862)

Before closing this report, I must not forget to men- tion that the only objectionable symptom caused by my plan of treatment has been the necessity of having fre- quently to pass the catheter; and though, d priori, one icay suppose the kidneys were inactive, such was not the case, as each catheterism drew off a fair quantity of good urine.
Fulminant Meningococcemia With High Serum Level of Meningococcal Capsular Antigen
Authors: Julian E. Ferstenfeld
Journal: JAMA (1974)

IT HAS been reported recently that patients with meningococcal disease and meningococcal capsular antigens detectable in the serum had more severe disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and a generally worse prognosis than patients without detectable antigenemia.<sup>1</sup>Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) is a rapid and simple method for detecting pneumococcal, meningococcal, and Haemophilus antigens in patients' sera and other body fluids.<sup>2,3</sup>We describe a patient with fulminant meningococcemia and severe DIC who had a high level of meningococcal antigen in the serum as detected by CIE. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 17-year-old girl was admitted on Aug 16, 1973, because of shaking chills, fever, headache, confusion, and the development of a diffuse rash within the 12 hours preceding her admission to the hospital. On examination, she appeared acutely ill, cyanotic and restless. Blood pressure was 60/40 mm Hg; respirations, 30/min; pulse, 120 beats per minute (regular, but thready); and temperature was 37.5
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 8, 15 April 1992, Pages 571–574, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.8.571 Published: 15 April 1992
Editorial: Physician attitudes about sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait
Authors: D. B. Kellon
Journal: JAMA (1974)

An increased awareness of sickle cell disease in the black community has developed in recent years. Consequently, many screening programs to detect this disease and the trait have been instituted. Numerous anecdotal reports dealing with apparent malignant medical consequences of sickle cell trait have appeared. Nevertheless, except for hematuria, well-documented adverse clinical effects have been observed only under unusual stressful circumstances and cannot be considered an important threat to most sickle cell trait carriers.<sup>1</sup>The information to be gained by the detection of carriers in screening programs is, therefore, usually not clinically relevant to the carrier who is identified. Its main value would have to be in genetic counseling. Clearly, the impact of any screening program must depend ultimately on the information available to the medical profession. This is true especially for those individuals directly involved in screening programs and providing medical and genetic information to people with positive
Glyceryl trinitrate and angina
Authors: P. B. S. Fowler, H. Ikram
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MEDCAJOURNALGlyceryl Trinitrate and Angina Organic nitrates were introduced for the treatment of angina more than 100 years ago and have held their position almost unchallenged until the advent of the drugs causing beta- adrenergic blockade.Many different nitrates in different formulations have been tried in clinical practice, but glyceryl trinitrate is the most effective and widely used.As nitrates are powerful vasodilators, it was for long assumed that they relieved angina by increasing the blood flow to areas of the myocardium supplied by stenosed coronary arteries.In animals with a normal heart glyceryl trinitrate caused a substantial increase in coronary blood flow, but studies in patients with coronary disease have been limited by the diffi- culty in making satisfactory measurements of coronary blood flow.In recent years measurements of coronary flow have been made in man by means of inert gases and radioactive tracers.None of these methods is entirely satisfactory and the results obtained are conflicting.R. Gorlin and his colleagues' found that glyceryl trinitrate increased coronary blood flow by 63 % in patients with a normal coronary vasculature but by only 16% in patients with coronary artery disease.L. Bernstein and his colleagues2 found that sublingual glyceryl trinitrate caused a decrease of 5% in coronary vascular resistance but no significant increase in coronary blood flow, because the mean aortic pressure fell by 20%.The same workers injected 0-1 to 0-2 mg. of glyceryl trinitrate directly into the coronary arteries and found that flow increased by 64% in those with minimal coronary artery disease and 38% in patients with severe disease.In contrast to the disagreement about the effects of sub- lingual glyceryl trinitrate on coronary blood flow there is agreement that the vasodilating action of the drug decreases both venous return and peripheral resistance.Hence it reduces the work of the left ventricle and the tension-time index by an average of 25-30%.1 2 Recently R. P. Carson and co-workers3 have measured the