tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rapid hemostasis using a self-assembling peptide matrix for midprocedural bleeding in endoscopic sphincterotomy
Authors: Haruka Toyonaga, Tsuyoshi Hayashi, Kazuki Hama, Risa Nakamura, Kosuke Iwano, Kuniyuki Takahashi, Akio Katanuma
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Post-sphincterotomy bleeding during or after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-related procedures is often problematic. Although various hemostatic techniques, such as balloon compression, clipping, cautery, and covered metallic stents, are usually carried out, they are time-consuming, costly, risky, and difficult to perform [1]. Recently, the efficacy of a novel self-assembling peptide matrix (PuraStat; 3-D Matrix Europe SAS, France) has been reported for hemostasis in gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures [2] [3] [4] [5]. We describe two cases in which PuraStat was effective for rapid hemostasis of post-sphincterotomy bleeding during ERCP ([Video 1]).
Endosonographic visualization of a mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst
Authors: Alexander Y. Lee, Anna Cecilia Amaral, Samuel Han
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

A 55-year-old woman with a history of chronic pancreatitis secondary to alcohol use presented initially with abdominal pain, unintentional weight loss, and progressive fatigue. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed pancreatic inflammation and a 3-cm pancreatic pseudocyst, which was confirmed on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), centered near the body of the pancreas.
Multiple sclerosis progression: time for a new mechanism-driven framework
Authors: Tanja Kuhlmann, Marcello Moccia, Timothy Coetzee, Jeffrey A Cohen, Jorge Correale, Jennifer Graves, Ruth Ann Marrie, Xavier Montalban, V Wee Yong, Alan J Thompson, Daniel S Reich, Maria Pia Amato, Brenda Banwell, Frederik Barkhof, Jeremy Chataway, Tanuja Chitnis, Giancarlo Comi, Tobias Derfuss, Marcia Finlayson, Myla Goldman, Ari Green, Kerstin Hellwig, Daphne Kos, Aaron Miller, Ellen Mowry, Jiwon Oh, Amber Salter, Maria Pia Sormani,, Mar Tintore, Helen Tremlett,, Maria Trojano, Anneke van der Walt, Sandra Vukusic, Emmaunelle Waubant
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2022)
Single-cell profiling of vascular endothelial cells reveals progressive organ-specific vulnerabilities during obesity
Authors: Olga Bondareva, Jesús Rafael Rodríguez-Aguilera, Fabiana Oliveira, Longsheng Liao, Alina Rose, Anubhuti Gupta, Kunal Singh, Florian Geier, Jenny Schuster, Jes-Niels Boeckel, Joerg M. Buescher, Shrey Kohli, Nora Klöting, Berend Isermann, Matthias Blüher, Bilal N. Sheikh
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2022)

Obesity promotes diverse pathologies, including atherosclerosis and dementia, which frequently involve vascular defects and endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction. Each organ has distinct EC subtypes, but whether ECs are differentially affected by obesity is unknown. Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze transcriptomes of ~375,000 ECs from seven organs in male mice at progressive stages of obesity to identify organ-specific vulnerabilities. We find that obesity deregulates gene expression networks, including lipid handling, metabolic pathways and AP1 transcription factor and inflammatory signaling, in an organ- and EC-subtype-specific manner. The transcriptomic aberrations worsen with sustained obesity and are only partially mitigated by dietary intervention and weight loss. For example, dietary intervention substantially attenuates dysregulation of liver, but not kidney, EC transcriptomes. Through integration with human genome-wide association study data, we further identify a subset of vascular disease risk genes that are induced by obesity. Our work catalogs the impact of obesity on the endothelium, constitutes a useful resource and reveals leads for investigation as potential therapeutic targets.
Trends in Use of Oral Anticoagulants in Older Adults With Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation, 2010-2020
Authors: Darae Ko, Kueiyu Joshua Lin, Lily G. Bessette, Su Been Lee, Allan J. Walkey, Susan Cheng, Erin Kim, Robert J. Glynn, Dae Hyun Kim
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance Undertreatment of older adults with atrial fibrillation with anticoagulation therapy is an important practice gap. It has been posited that the availability of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) would improve oral anticoagulant (OAC) initiation in older adults with atrial fibrillation given their superior safety profile compared with warfarin. Objectives To systematically examine trends in OAC initiation and nonadherence in older adults with atrial fibrillation and coexisting geriatric conditions. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study uses administrative claims data from Optum’s Clinformatics Data Mart from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020. Participants included beneficiaries of Medicare Advantage plans aged 65 years and older with atrial fibrillation and elevated risk of ischemic stroke. Data analysis was performed from October 2021 to October 2022. Exposures Coexisting dementia, frailty, and anemia. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were OAC initiation within 12 months after the first diagnosis of atrial fibrillation per year and nonadherence with OAC per year (defined as &amp;amp;lt;80% of proportion of days covered among patients newly started on OAC in each year). Results There were 21 603 to 51 236 patients per year (total for 2010-2020, 381 488 patients) in the OAC-eligible incident AF cohort (mean [SD] age, 77.2 [6.1] to 77.4 [6.8] years; 13 871 [51.8%] to 22 901 [49.8%] women). OAC initiation within 12 months after incident AF increased from 20.2% (5405 of 26 782 patients) in 2010 to 32.9% (7111 of 21 603 patients) in 2020. DOAC uptake increased from 1.1% (291 of 26 782 patients) to 30.9% (6678 of 21 603 patients), and warfarin initiation decreased from 19.1% (5114 of 26 782 patients) to 2.0% (436 of 21 603 patients). Older age (odds ratio [OR], 0.98; 95% CI, 0.98-0.98), dementia (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.55-0.58), frailty (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.72-0.76), and anemia (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.74-0.77) were associated with lower odds of OAC initiation. During the study period, the median (IQR) proportion of days covered increased from 77.6% (41.0%-96.4%) to 90.2% (57.4%-98.6%), and OAC nonadherence decreased from 52.2% (2290 of 4389 patients) to 39.0% (3434 of 8798 patients). Conclusions and Relevance Since the introduction of DOACs, OAC initiation in older adults with has improved but remained suboptimal in 2020. Additional strategies are needed to improve stroke prophylaxis in all older adults with atrial fibrillation including those with coexisting dementia, frailty, and anemia.
Effect of Electronic Outreach Using Patient Portal Messages on Well Child Care Visit Completion
Authors: Anne E. Berset, Mary Carol Burkhardt, Yingying Xu, Anne Mescher, William B. Brinkman
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance Outreach messages to patients overdue for well child care (WCC) can be delivered different ways (ie, telephone calls and text messages). Use of electronic health record patient portals is increasingly common but their effectiveness is uncertain. Objective To determine the effectiveness of patient portal outreach messages, with and without the date of the last WCC, on the scheduling and completion of WCC visits and completion of vaccinations. Design, Setting, and Participants An intention-to-treat, multigroup, randomized clinical trial was conducted at 3 academic primary care practices from July 30 to October 4, 2021. The population included predominantly non-Hispanic Black, low-income children (age, 6-17 years) whose parent had an active portal account. Interventions Participants were randomized to the standard message, tailored message, or no message (control) group. Two messages were delivered to those in the message groups. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes included WCC visit scheduled within 2 weeks of the first intervention message, WCC visit completed within 8 weeks (primary outcome), and receipt of COVID-19 vaccine within 8 weeks. Results Nine hundred forty-five patients participated (mean [SD] age, 9.9 [3.3] years, 493 [52.2%] girls, 590 [62.4%] non-Hispanic Black, 807 [85.4%] publicly insured). Scheduling rates were 18.4% in the standard message group (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.97; 95% CI, 1.32-2.84) and 14.9% in the tailored message group (aRR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.02-2.34) compared with the control group (9.5%). Well child care visit completion rates were 24.1% in the standard message group (aRR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.38-2.60) and 19.4% in the tailored message group (aRR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.06-2.13) compared with the control group (12.7%). Among eligible children, rates of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine were 16.7% in the standard message group compared with 4.8% in the tailored message (aRR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.14-9.58) and 3.7% in the control groups (aRR, 4.84; 95% CI, 1.44-15.12). Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial, outreach messages delivered via electronic health record patient portals increased the rates of scheduling and completing WCC visits and receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, providing a useful tool to help restore WCC in populations whose care was delayed during the pandemic. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04994691
Ambiguous melanocytic lesions: A retrospective cohort study of incidence and outcome of melanocytic tumor of uncertain malignant potential (MELTUMP) and superficial atypical melanocytic proliferation of uncertain significance (SAMPUS) in the Netherlands
Authors: Jiahe Vermariën-Wang, Thom Doeleman, Remco van Doorn, Antien L. Mooyaart, Willeke A.M. Blokx, Anne M.R. Schrader
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2022)

Melanocytic tumor of uncertain malignant potential (MELTUMP) and superficial atypical melanocytic proliferation of uncertain significance (SAMPUS) are descriptive and provisional terms for melanocytic tumors with ambiguous histopathological features that are not easily classified as either benign or malignant.To investigate the incidence and clinical outcome of MELTUMP and SAMPUS in the Netherlands.In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed all diagnoses of MELTUMP and SAMPUS from the Dutch Nationwide Pathology Databank from 1991 to October 1, 2021. Clinical outcome was studied for cases diagnosed until October 1, 2018.A total of 1685 MELTUMP and 1957 SAMPUS were identified with an annual incidence of 150 to 300 cases. Metastatic behavior was seen in 0.7% of all initially diagnosed MELTUMP. All SAMPUS remained free of metastases.Reassessment of pathology slides and confirmation of clonality between primary and metastatic lesions remained outside the scope of this study.Despite the 'uncertainty' in the nomenclature, our results demonstrate a low malignant potential for MELTUMP and no malignant potential for SAMPUS. We emphasize the importance of consultation for ambiguous melanocytic lesions and to limit the MELTUMP/SAMPUS terminology to legitimately uncertain or unclassifiable cases.
Respiratory mucosal vaccination of peptide-poloxamine-DNA nanoparticles provides complete protection against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge
Authors: Si Sun, Entao Li, Gan Zhao, Jie Tang, Qianfei Zuo, Larry Cai, Chuanfei Xu, Cheng Sui, Yangxue Ou, Chang Liu, Haibo Li, Yuan Ding, Chao Li, Dongshui Lu, Weijun Zhang, Ping Luo, Ping Cheng, Yuwei Gao, Changchun Tu, Bruno Pitard, Joseph Rosenecker, Bin Wang, Yan Liu, Quanming Zou, Shan Guan
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)
Retinal dystrophins and the retinopathy of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Mirella Telles Salgueiro Barboni, Anneka Joachimsthaler, Michel J. Roux, Zoltán Zsolt Nagy, Dora Fix Ventura, Alvaro Rendon, Jan Kremers, Cyrille Vaillend
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2022)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by X-linked inherited or de novo DMD gene mutations predominantly affecting males who develop early-onset muscle degeneration, severely affecting their quality of life and leading to reduced life expectancy. DMD patients may also develop proliferative retinopathy, cataract, ERG abnormalities, altered contrast sensitivity, color vision losses, and elevated flash detection thresholds during dark adaptation. Depending on the position of the genetic alteration in the large DMD gene, it is associated with a lack of the full-length dystrophin protein possibly with an additional loss of one or several other dystrophins, which are normally transcribed from internal promoters in retina and crystalline lens. During the last decades, the properties of the dystrophins have been characterized in patients with different genetic alterations and in genetic mouse models of DMD. The complex expression pattern of the dystrophins in photoreceptors, Müller glial cells and astrocytes, likely influences synaptic transmission, ionic balance and vascular integrity of the retina. However, the specific function of each retinal dystrophin remains largely unknown. This review describes the current knowledge on dystrophin expression, the putative molecular, structural, and physiological properties of retinal dystrophins, and the main clinical implications associated with the loss of dystrophins in DMD patients and mouse models. Current data and working hypotheses warrant future research on retinal dystrophins to increase our understanding of dystrophin function in the central nervous system in general and to unveil new retinal mechanisms and therapeutic avenues for retinal diseases.
Long-term survival with first-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a pooled analysis
Authors: H. Borghaei, T.-E. Ciuleanu, J.-S. Lee, A. Pluzanski, R. Bernabe Caro, M. Gutierrez, Y. Ohe, M. Nishio, J. Goldman, N. Ready, D.R. Spigel, S.S. Ramalingam, L.G. Paz-Ares, J.F. Gainor, S. Ahmed, M. Reck, M. Maio, K.J. O’Byrne, A. Memaj, F. Nathan, P. Tran, M.D. Hellmann, J.R. Brahmer
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2022)

First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab prolongs survival versus chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We further characterized clinical benefit with this regimen in a large pooled patient population and assessed the effect of response on survival.
LTBK-08. Inferring cell type and cell state composition in glioblastoma from bulk DNA methylation profiles using multi-omic single-cell analyses
Authors: Dana Silverbush, Mario Suva, Volker Hovestadt
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract OBJECTIVE Cellular heterogeneity determines tumor phenotype and response to therapy. This is particularly pronounced in glioblastoma (GBM), which is characterized by multiple malignant cell states with distinct proliferation potentials, and different cell types of the microenvironment. Ideally, cellular heterogeneity is characterized using single cell genomic profiling techniques. However, these techniques remain challenging to apply in a diagnostic setting and to large retrospective patient cohorts (TCGA, GLASS, DKFZ and clinical trials). Instead, clinicians routinely support their diagnosis with bulk DNA methylation profiling, which generates robust results from low quality material but does not inform on cellular heterogeneity. We have developed a powerful new computational method to deconvolute bulk DNA methylation data and infer cellular heterogeneity within individual tumors, to support prognostic accuracy and personalized treatment decisions. METHODS Using both bulk and single-cell multi-omic datasets, we created a DNA methylation-based reference of cell types (malignant, glial, neuronal, and immune) within GBM tumors, and the state of malignant cells therein (stem-like vs. differentiated-like). Using this reference, our computational approach accurately deconvolutes bulk DNA methylation profiles of individual query samples. RESULTS High deconvolution accuracy of GBM heterogeneity was achieved from frozen and FFPE tissue samples, including those of low quality or purity (Jensen Shannon divergence for composition similarity &amp;lt; 0.05). Our approach eliminates bias derived from the microenvironment, and results in patient stratification that harmonizes the DNA methylation- and RNA-based classifications of GBM. It also reveals the inter- and intra-tumoral links between the genetic, DNA methylation, and transcriptomic components of GBM pathology, and suggests their specific impacts on treatment efficacy. To facilitate clinical translation, we created a public website that allows clinicians to infer the relative abundance of different cell states within a tumor at the click of a button.
Medical Costs Associated With Diabetes Complications in Medicare Beneficiaries Aged 65 Years or Older With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Yu Wang, Ping Zhang, Hui Shao, Linda J. Andes, Giuseppina Imperatore
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

To estimate medical costs associated with 17 diabetes complications and treatment procedures among Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years with type 1 diabetes.
Lassa virus glycoprotein nanoparticles elicit neutralizing antibody responses and protection
Authors: Philip J.M. Brouwer, Aleksandar Antanasijevic, Adam J. Ronk, Helena Müller-Kräuter, Yasunori Watanabe, Mathieu Claireaux, Hailee R. Perrett, Tom P.L. Bijl, Marloes Grobben, Jeffrey C. Umotoy, Angela I. Schriek, Judith A. Burger, Khadija Tejjani, Nicole M. Lloyd, Thijs H. Steijaert, Marlies M. van Haaren, Kwinten Sliepen, Steven W. de Taeye, Marit J. van Gils, Max Crispin, Thomas Strecker, Alexander Bukreyev, Andrew B. Ward, Rogier W. Sanders
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2022)

The Lassa virus is endemic in parts of West Africa, and it causes hemorrhagic fever with high mortality. The development of a recombinant protein vaccine has been hampered by the instability of soluble Lassa virus glycoprotein complex (GPC) trimers, which disassemble into monomeric subunits after expression. Here, we use two-component protein nanoparticles consisting of trimeric and pentameric subunits to stabilize GPC in a trimeric conformation. These GPC nanoparticles present twenty prefusion GPC trimers on the surface of an icosahedral particle. Cryo-EM studies of GPC nanoparticles demonstrated a well-ordered structure and yielded a high-resolution structure of an unliganded GPC. These nanoparticles induced potent humoral immune responses in rabbits and protective immunity against the lethal Lassa virus challenge in guinea pigs. Additionally, we isolated a neutralizing antibody that mapped to the putative receptor-binding site, revealing a previously undefined site of vulnerability. Collectively, these findings offer potential approaches to vaccine and therapeutic design for the Lassa virus.
Prognosis After First-Ever Myocardial Infarction in Type 1 Diabetes Is Strongly Affected by Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Patrik Smidtslund, Fanny Jansson Sigfrids, Anni Ylinen, Nina Elonen, Valma Harjutsalo, Per-Henrik Groop, Lena M. Thorn
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

OBJECTIVE To study prognosis after a first-ever myocardial infarction (MI) in type 1 diabetes, as well as how different MI- and diabetes-related factors affect the prognosis and risk of secondary cardiovascular events. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this observational follow-up study of 4,217 individuals from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study with no prior MI or coronary revascularization, we verified 253 (6.0%) MIs from medical records or death certificates. Mortality from cardiovascular or diabetes-related cause was our main end point, whereas hospitalization due to heart failure, coronary revascularization, and recurrent MI were secondary end points, while accounting for death as a competing risk. RESULTS Of the individuals studied, 187 (73.9%) died during the median post-MI follow-up of 3.07 (interquartile range 0.02–8.45) years. Independent risk factors for cardiovascular and diabetes-related mortality were estimated glomerular filtration rate categories grade 3 (G3) (hazard ratio [HR] 3.27 [95% CI 1.76–6.08]), G4 (3.62 [1.69–7.73]), and G5 (4.03 [2.24–7.26]); prior coronary heart disease diagnosis (1.50 [1.03–2.20]); and older age at MI (1.03 [1.00–1.05]). Factors associated with lower mortality were acute revascularization (HR 0.35 [95% CI 0.18–0.72]) and subacute revascularization (0.39 [0.26–0.59]). In Fine and Gray competing risk analyses, kidney failure was associated with a higher risk of recurrent MI (subdistribution HR 3.27 [95% CI 2.01–5.34]), heart failure (3.76 [2.46–5.76]), and coronary revascularization (3.04 [1.89–4.90]). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with type 1 diabetes have a high cardiovascular and diabetes-related mortality after their first-ever MI. In particular, poor kidney function is associated with high mortality and excessive risk of secondary cardiovascular events.
Long-term survival and cure fraction estimates for childhood cancer in Europe (EUROCARE-6): results from a population-based study
Authors: Laura Botta, Gemma Gatta, Riccardo Capocaccia, Charles Stiller, Adela Cañete, Luigino Dal Maso, Kaire Innos, Ana Mihor, Friederike Erdmann, Claudia Spix, Brigitte Lacour, Rafael Marcos-Gragera, Deirdre Murray, Silvia Rossi, Monika Hackl, Elizabeth Van Eycken, Nancy Van Damme, Zdravka Valerianova, Mario Sekerija, Vasos Scoutellas, Anna Demetriou, Ladislav Dušek, Denisa Krejci, Hans Storm, Margit Mägi, Kaire Innos, Keiu Paapsi, Nea Malila, Janne Pitkäniemi, Valerie Jooste, Jacqueline Clavel, Claire Poulalhon, Brigitte Lacour, Emmanuel Desandes, Alain Monnereau, Friederike Erdmann, Claudia Spix, Alexander Katalinic, Eleni Petridou, Georgios Markozannes, Miklos Garami, Helgi Birgisson, Deirdre Murray, Paul M Walsh, Guido Mazzoleni, Fabio Vittadello, Francesco Cuccaro, Rocco Galasso, Giuseppe Sampietro, Stefano Rosso, Cinzia Gasparotto, Giovanni Maifredi, Margherita Ferrante, Antonina Torrisi, Antonella Sutera Sardo, Maria Letizia Gambino, Monica Lanzoni, Paola Ballotari, Erica Giacomazzi, Stefano Ferretti, Adele Caldarella, Gianfranco Manneschi, Gemma Gatta, Milena Sant, Paolo Baili, Franco Berrino, Laura Botta, Annalisa Trama, Roberto Lillini, Alice Bernasconi, Simone Bonfarnuzzo, Claudia Vener, Fabio Didonè, Paolo Lasalvia, Giulia Del Monego, Lucia Buratti, Diego Serraino, Martina Taborelli, Riccardo Capocaccia, Roberta De Angelis, Elena Demuru, Corrado Di Benedetto, Silvia Rossi, Mariano Santaquilani, Serenella Venanzi, Marco Tallon, Luca Boni, Silvia Iacovacci, Antonio Giampiero Russo, Federico Gervasi, Gianbattista Spagnoli, Luca Cavalieri d'Oro, Mario Fusco, Maria Francesca Vitale, Mario Usala, Francesco Vitale, Maria Michiara, Giorgio Chiranda, Carlotta Sacerdote, Milena Maule, Giuseppe Cascone, Eugenia Spata, Lucia Mangone, Fabio Falcini, Rossella Cavallo, Daniela Piras, Ylenia Dinaro, Marine Castaing, Anna Clara Fanetti, Sante Minerba, Giuseppina Candela, Tiziana Scuderi, Roberto Vito Rizzello, Fabrizio Stracci, Giovanna Tagliabue, Massimo Rugge, Angelita Brustolin, Santa Pildava, Giedre Smailyte, Miriam Azzopardi, Tom Børge Johannesen, Joanna Didkowska, Urszula Wojciechowska, Magdalena Bielska-Lasota, Ana Pais, Ana Maria Ferreira, Maria José Bento, Ana Miranda, Chakameh Safaei Diba, Vesna Zadnik, Tina Zagar, Carmen Sánchez-Contador Escudero, Paula Franch Sureda, Arantza Lopez de Munain, Marta De-La-Cruz, Marìa Dolores Rojas, Araceli Aleman, Ana Vizcaino, Fernando Almela, Rafael Marcos-Gragera, Arantza Sanvisens, Maria Josè Sanchez, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Antonia Sanchez-Gil, Marcela Guevara, Eva Ardanaz, Adela Cañete-Nieto, Rafael Peris-Bonet, Jaume Galceran, Maria Carulla, Claudia Kuehni, Shelagh Redmond, Otto Visser, Henrike Karim-Kos, Sarah Stevens, Charles Stiller, Anna Gavin, David Morrison, Dyfed Wyn Huws
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2022)
<i>JCO</i> Turns 40
Authors: Kathy D. Miller, Jonathan W. Friedberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

In 1964, a group of seven cancer physicians banded together to found ASCO.Their singular purpose, to improve the care of people with cancer, remains steadfast.At the time, cancer therapy was limited to a few largely ineffective therapies that were so toxic that many feared treatments as much as the disease itself.Clinical research was in its infancy, with largely anecdotal reports scattered across multiple medical journals, and few robustly conducted randomized trials.As the field grew, ASCO leaders recognized the need for a journal dedicated to clinical oncology, and in 1983,