tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
National Patterns of Outpatient Follow-Up Visits After Emergency Care for Acute Bronchiolitis
Authors: Daniel J. Shapiro, Florence T. Bourgeois, Andrew M. Fine, Adam L. Hersh, Eric R. Coon, Mark I. Neuman, Ann Chen Wu
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

This cohort study examines the frequency of postdischarge follow-up visits among US emergency department encounters for bronchiolitis and assesses whether follow-up was associated with decreased hospital reutilization or increased treatment with nonrecommended medications.
miR-429-3p mediates memory decline by targeting MKP-1 to reduce surface GluA1-containing AMPA receptors in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Man Luo, Yayan Pang, Junjie Li, Lilin Yi, Bin Wu, Qiuyun Tian, Yan He, Maoju Wang, Lei Xia, Guiqiong He, Weihong Song, Yehong Du, Zhifang Dong
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2023)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia in the elderly. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) plays a neuroprotective role in AD. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of MKP-1 on AD have not been extensively studied. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, thereby repressing mRNA translation. Here, we reported that the microRNA-429-3p (miR-429-3p) was significantly increased in the brain of APP23/PS45 AD model mice and N2AAPP AD model cells. We further found that miR-429-3p could downregulate MKP-1 expression by directly binding to its 3′-untranslated region (3′ UTR). Inhibition of miR-429-3p by its antagomir (A-miR-429) restored the expression of MKP-1 to a control level and consequently reduced the amyloidogenic processing of APP and Aβ accumulation. More importantly, intranasal administration of A-miR-429 successfully ameliorated the deficits of hippocampal CA1 long-term potentiation and spatial learning and memory in AD model mice by suppressing extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2)-mediated GluA1 hyperphosphorylation at Ser831 site, thereby increasing the surface expression of GluA1-containing α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs). Together, these results demonstrate that inhibiting miR-429-3p to upregulate MKP-1 effectively improves cognitive and synaptic functions in AD model mice, suggesting that miR-429/MKP-1 pathway may be a novel therapeutic target for AD treatment.
Analysis of ChatGPT generated differential diagnoses in response to physical exam findings for benign and malignant cutaneous neoplasms
Authors: Chandler W. Rundle, Mindy D. Szeto, Colby L. Presley, Kathryn T. Shahwan, David R. Carr
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2023)

To the Editor: Large language models (LLMs) are programs that are trained on datasets with supervised or unsupervised learning to create artificial neural networks that process data inputs. ChatGPT is an example of an LLM that utilizes natural language processing and provides human-like responses to text-based prompts. With increased accessibility of medical records, patients have sought to better understand their conditions using online resources, including ChatGPT.1 Furthermore, providers without formal dermatologic training could use ChatGPT in clinical decision making.
Nasal polyp antibody-secreting cells display proliferation signature in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Aaqib Sohail, Jonathan Hacker, Tessa Ryan, Alanna McGill, Regan Bergmark, Neil Bhattacharyya, Stella E. Lee, Alice Maxfield, Rachel Roditi, Amélie M. Julé, Alec Griffith, James Lederer, Tanya M. Laidlaw, Kathleen M. Buchheit
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2023)
Reply to the Letter to the Editor ‘There is no place for ovarian cancer screening in hereditary breast–ovarian cancer syndromes (in regard to “ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline on risk reduction and screening of cancer in hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndromes”)’ by W. Tjalma
Authors: C. Sessa, S. Paluch-Shimon
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2023)
Surfing the AI wave: Insights and challenges
Authors: Alanna Ebigbo, Helmut Messmann
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

The interest in artificial intelligence (AI) and its applications in gastrointestinal endoscopy remains undiminished [1]. The huge mass of studies being published on the topic shows that researchers and practitioners are keen to produce innovations, publish new insights, and, at the same time, keep abreast of current trends and developments. The AI wave does not seem to have broken yet, but as we ride the wave, critical thinking and, most importantly, reappraisal of current data and approved products is paramount [2].
An unexpected gastric submucosal mass-like lesion
Authors: Yue Hu, Liang Huang, Cheng Ye, Yi Xu, Bin Lu
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

A 70-year-old man was referred to our hospital with a gastric antrum mass ([Fig. 1]) incidentally found during a screening endoscopy. After his admission, an abdominal enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan was performed, which showed a thickening of the gastric wall in the gastric antrum with a mixed-density shadow ([Fig. 2]). In this context, the patient was submitted to endoscopic ultrasonography and there was a heterogeneous echo with the obscure boundary of the antrum originating from the submucosal layer ([Fig. 3]). Follow-up or surgical operation was advised owing to the poorly circumscribed lesions, but the patient requested an endoscopic resection to further clarify the nature of this mass.
When I use a word . . . Medicines regulation and Stamp Acts
Authors: Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Stamp duties are taxes that are collected by means of stamps impressed on or affixed to legal documents, such as cheques and marriage licences, or to items that are to be taxed, such as printed materials and medicines. The presence of the stamp shows that the duty has been paid. Stamp duties in the UK date from the late 17th century. A Stamp Act is an Act of Parliament that regulates stamp duties that are to be imposed. In 1783, in order to contribute to funding the UK’s part in the American War of Independence, a Stamp Act was introduced to tax sales of quack medicines. Its provisions were extended and amended by later Stamp Acts, in 1785, 1802, 1804, 1812, 1815, 1833, and 1875. Stamp duty on medicines was finally abolished in 1941.
A neuroendocrine tumor improper for ligation with suction was resected en bloc by underwater endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Hirotaka Oura, Daisuke Murakami, Yasuki Hatayama, Harutoshi Sugiyama, Makoto Arai, Takayoshi Nishino
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

For rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) smaller than 10 mm, a meta-analysis indicated that endoscopic mucosal resection with suction, such as using a cap-fitted endoscope or ligating device, had a higher complete resection rate and significantly shorter procedure time compared to endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) [1]. In contrast, for NETs 10 to 14 mm in diameter that are improper for ligation with suction, ESD is feasible, although the treatment strategy has been controversial [2]. Herein, we report a case of a rectal NET that was successfully resected by underwater ESD (U-ESD) within a short time.
HSF1 Inhibits Antitumor Immune Activity in Breast Cancer by Suppressing CCL5 to Block CD8+ T-cell Recruitment
Authors: Curteisha Jacobs, Sakhi Shah, Wen-Cheng Lu, Haimanti Ray, John Wang, Natasha Hockaden, George Sandusky, Kenneth P. Nephew, Xin Lu, Sha Cao, Richard L. Carpenter
Journal: Cancer Research (2023)

Abstract Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a stress-responsive transcription factor that promotes cancer cell malignancy. To provide a better understanding of the biological processes regulated by HSF1, here we developed an HSF1 activity signature (HAS) and found that it was negatively associated with antitumor immune cells in breast tumors. Knockdown of HSF1 decreased breast tumor size and caused an influx of several antitumor immune cells, most notably CD8+ T cells. Depletion of CD8+ T cells rescued the reduction in growth of HSF1-deficient tumors, suggesting HSF1 prevents CD8+ T-cell influx to avoid immune-mediated tumor killing. HSF1 suppressed expression of CCL5, a chemokine for CD8+ T cells, and upregulation of CCL5 upon HSF1 loss significantly contributed to the recruitment of CD8+ T cells. These findings indicate that HSF1 suppresses antitumor immune activity by reducing CCL5 to limit CD8+ T-cell homing to breast tumors and prevent immune-mediated destruction, which has implications for the lack of success of immune modulatory therapies in breast cancer. Significance: The stress-responsive transcription factor HSF1 reduces CD8+ T-cell infiltration in breast tumors to prevent immune-mediated killing, indicating that cellular stress responses affect tumor-immune interactions and that targeting HSF1 could improve immunotherapies.
Rethinking coagulation: from enzymatic cascade and cell-based reactions to a convergent model involving innate immune activation
Authors: Jun Yong, Cheng-Hock Toh
Journal: Blood (2023)

Advancements in the conceptual thinking of hemostasis and thrombosis have been catalyzed by major developments within health research over several decades. The cascade model of coagulation was first described in the 1960s, when biochemistry gained prominence through innovative experimentation and technical developments. This was followed by the cell-based model, which integrated cellular coordination to the enzymology of clot formation and was conceptualized during the growth period in cell biology at the turn of the millennium. Each step forward has heralded a revolution in clinical therapeutics, both in procoagulant and anticoagulant treatments to improve patient care. In current times, the COVID-19 pandemic may also prove to be a catalyst: thrombotic challenges including the mixed responses to anticoagulant treatment and the vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia have exposed limitations in our preexisting concepts while simultaneously demanding novel therapeutic approaches. It is increasingly clear that innate immune activation as part of the host response to injury is not separate but integrated into adaptive clot formation. Our review summarizes current understanding of the major molecules facilitating such a cross talk between immunity, inflammation and coagulation. We demonstrate how such effects can be layered upon the cascade and cell-based models to evolve conceptual understanding of the physiology of immunohemostasis and the pathology of immunothrombosis.
Differentiation of BCMA-specific induced pluripotent stem cells into rejuvenated CD8αβ+ T cells targeting multiple myeloma
Authors: Jooeun Bae, Shuichi Kitayama, Zach Herbert, Laurence Daheron, Keiji Kurata, Derin B. Keskin, Kenneth Livak, Shuqiang Li, Mubin Tarannum, Rizwan Romee, Mehmet Samur, Nikhil C. Munshi, Shin Kaneko, Jerome Ritz, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Blood (2023)

A major hurdle in adoptive T-cell therapy is cell exhaustion and failure to maintain antitumor responses. Here, we introduce an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) strategy for reprogramming and revitalizing precursor exhausted B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-specific T cells to effectively target multiple myeloma (MM). Heteroclitic BCMA72-80 (YLMFLLRKI)-specific CD8+ memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were epigenetically reprogrammed to a pluripotent state, developed into hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD34+ CD43+/CD14- CD235a-), differentiated into the T-cell lineage and evaluated for their polyfunctional activities against MM. The final T-cell products demonstrated (1) mature CD8αβ+ memory phenotype, (2) high expression of activation or costimulatory molecules (CD38, CD28, and 41BB), (3) no expression of immune checkpoint and senescence markers (CTLA4, PD1, LAG3, and TIM3; CD57), and (4) robust proliferation and polyfunctional immune responses to MM. The BCMA-specific iPSC-T cells possessed a single T-cell receptor clonotype with cognate BCMA peptide recognition and specificity for targeting MM. RNA sequencing analyses revealed distinct genome-wide shifts and a distinctive transcriptional profile in selected iPSC clones, which can develop CD8αβ+ memory T cells. This includes a repertoire of gene regulators promoting T-cell lineage development, memory CTL activation, and immune response regulation (LCK, IL7R, 4-1BB, TRAIL, GZMB, FOXF1, and ITGA1). This study highlights the potential application of iPSC technology to an adaptive T-cell therapy protocol and identifies specific transcriptional patterns that could serve as a biomarker for selection of suitable iPSC clones for the successful development of antigen-specific CD8αβ+ memory T cells to improve the outcome in patients with MM.
Prediction of the Clinical Course of Immune Thrombocytopenia in Children by Platelet Kinetics
Authors: Julien Lejeune, Violette Raoult, Mathilde Dubrasquet, Romane Chauvin, Coralie Mallebranche, Isabelle Pellier, Françoise Monceaux, Sophie Bayart, Audrey Grain, Emmanuel Gyan, Noémie Ravalet, Olivier Herault, David Ternant
Journal: HemaSphere (2023)

Childhood immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia. Prolonged ITP (persistent and chronic) leads to a reduced quality of life for children in many domains. To provide optimal support for children, with ITP, it is important to be able to predict those who will develop prolonged ITP. This study aimed to develop a mathematical model based on platelet recovery that allows the early prediction of prolonged ITP. In this retrospective study, we used platelet counts from the 6 months following the diagnosis of ITP to model the kinetics of change in platelet count using a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model. In a learning set (n = 103), platelet counts were satisfactorily described by our kinetic model. The Kheal parameter, which describes spontaneous platelet recovery, allowed a distinction between acute and prolonged ITP with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74. In a validation set (n = 58), spontaneous platelet recovery was robustly predicted using platelet counts from 15 (AUC = 0.76) or 30 (AUC = 0.82) days after ITP diagnosis. In our model, platelet recovery quantified using the kheal parameter allowed prediction of the clinical course of ITP. Future prospective studies are needed to improve the predictivity of this model, in particular, by combining it with the predictive scores previously reported in the literature.
Early Efficacy End Points in Neoadjuvant Rectal Cancer Trials: Surrogacy Revisited
Authors: Emmanouil Fokas, J. Joshua Smith, Julio Garcia-Aguilar, Robert Glynne-Jones, Marc Buyse, Claus Rödel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

Trial-level surrogacy is critical before early response endpoints are used to approve new therapies.
A commentary on “early routine (erCT) versus selective computed tomography (sCT) for acute abdominal pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials”
Authors: Jiefang Wang, Zhichao Chen, Jieyun Chen
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

aDepartment of Radiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China bDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China Jiefang Wang and Zhichao Chen: These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Department of Radiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China. E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Chen). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Momelotinib in Myelofibrosis Patients With Thrombocytopenia: Post Hoc Analysis From Three Randomized Phase 3 Trials
Authors: Jean-Jacques Kiladjian, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Aaron T. Gerds, Vikas Gupta, Srdan Verstovsek, Miklos Egyed, Uwe Platzbecker, Jiří Mayer, Sebastian Grosicki, Árpád Illés, Tomasz Woźny, Stephen T. Oh, Donal McLornan, Ilya Kirgner, Sung-Soo Yoon, Claire N. Harrison, Barbara Klencke, Mei Huang, Jun Kawashima, Ruben Mesa
Journal: HemaSphere (2023)

The oral activin A receptor type I, Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), and JAK2 inhibitor momelotinib demonstrated symptom, spleen, and anemia benefits in intermediate- and high-risk myelofibrosis (MF). Post hoc analyses herein evaluated the efficacy and safety of momelotinib in patients with MF and thrombocytopenia (platelet counts <100 × 109/L) from randomized phase 3 studies: MOMENTUM (momelotinib versus danazol; JAK inhibitor experienced); SIMPLIFY-1 (momelotinib versus ruxolitinib; JAK inhibitor naïve); and SIMPLIFY-2 (momelotinib versus best available therapy; JAK inhibitor experienced); these studies were not statistically powered to assess differences in thrombocytopenic subgroups, and these analyses are descriptive. The treatment effect of momelotinib versus ruxolitinib on week 24 response rates (spleen volume reduction ≥35%/Total Symptom Score reduction ≥50%/transfusion independence) was numerically comparable or better in thrombocytopenic patients versus the overall JAK inhibitor naive population; rates were preserved with momelotinib in thrombocytopenic patients but attenuated with ruxolitinib (momelotinib: 27%/28%/67% overall versus 39%/35%/61% in thrombocytopenic group; ruxolitinib: 29%/42%/49% overall versus 0%/22%/39% in thrombocytopenic group, respectively). In contrast to ruxolitinib, momelotinib maintained high dose intensity throughout the treatment. In the JAK inhibitor experienced population, thrombocytopenic patients had the following: (1) numerically higher symptom and transfusion independence response rates with momelotinib than in control arms; and (2) preserved spleen, symptom, and transfusion independence response rates with momelotinib relative to the overall study populations. The safety profile of momelotinib in thrombocytopenic patients was also consistent with the overall study population. In summary, momelotinib represents a safe and effective treatment option for patients with MF and moderate-to-severe thrombocytopenia.
Outcomes in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Down Syndrome and ALL: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Karen R. Rabin, Meenakshi Devidas, Zhiguo Chen, Lingyun Ji, John Kairalla, Johann K. Hitzler, Jun J. Yang, Andrew J. Carroll, Nyla A. Heerema, Michael J. Borowitz, Brent L. Wood, Kathryn G. Roberts, Charles G. Mullighan, Richard C. Harvey, I-Ming Chen, Cheryl L. Willman, Shalini C. Reshmi, Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Deepa Bhojwani, Susan R. Rheingold, Kelly W. Maloney, Leonard A. Mattano, Eric C. Larsen, Reuven J. Schore, Michael J. Burke, Wanda L. Salzer, Naomi J. Winick, William L. Carroll, Elizabeth A. Raetz, Mignon L. Loh, Stephen P. Hunger, Anne L. Angiolillo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

Patients with Down syndrome (DS) and B-ALL experience increased rates of relapse, toxicity, and death. We report results for patients with DS B-ALL enrolled on Children's Oncology Group trials between 2003 and 2019.
Optimizing platelet transfusion through a personalized deep learning risk assessment system for demand management
Authors: Merlin Engelke, Cynthia Sabrina Schmidt, Giulia Baldini, Vicky Parmar, René Hosch, Katarzyna Borys, Sven Koitka, Amin T. Turki, Johannes Haubold, Peter A. Horn, Felix Nensa
Journal: Blood (2023)
Disparities With Systemic Therapies for Black Men Having Advanced Prostate Cancer: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Jun Gong, Daniel M. Kim, Amanda M. De Hoedt, Neil Bhowmick, Robert Figlin, Hyung L. Kim, Howard Sandler, Dan Theodorescu, Edwin Posadas, Stephen J. Freedland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

Prostate cancer represents the most common cancer diagnosis in Black men and is the second leading cause of cancer death in this population. Multilevel disparities have been well-documented in Black men with prostate cancer and play a role in poorer survival outcomes when compared with White men with prostate cancer. In this review, we highlight the changing trend in disparities for systemic therapy outcomes in Black men diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer.
A commentary on “Is opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy superior to closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy in treatment of unicompartmental osteoarthritis? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials” [Int J Surg 60 (2018) 153–163]
Authors: Hongfeng Ding, Jiangnan Zhang, Chang Jiang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenzhou Medical University Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Chuan'an Nan Road NO.333, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China All the authors confirm that the data can submit to the journal. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding Author. Address: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenzhou Medical University Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Chuan'an Nan Road NO.333, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China. E-mail address: [email protected] (C. Jiang). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
A commentary on the article entitled ‘Risk factors for Hirschsprung disease-associated enterocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis’
Authors: Xianjun Liang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

General Surgery, Dalian Women and Children's Medical Group ,Dalian city,116011 Xianjun Liang Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding Author. Address: (General Surgery, Dalian Women and Children's Medical Group, No.154, Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian city, Liaoning province, 116011, China. E-mail address: [email protected] (X-J. Liang). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/