tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Successful endoscopic treatment of multiple large intrahepatic bile duct stones with benign choledochojejunal anastomotic stenosis
Authors: Akihiko Kida, Takatoshi Yoshio, Hironori Minami, Jun Asai, Kaheita Kakinoki, Takeshi Urabe, Taro Yamashita
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

A 64-year-old man who had undergone subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy with modified Child's reconstruction for ampullary carcinoma presented with fever and jaundice. Blood tests showed cholangitis, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple intrahepatic bile duct stones (IBDSs) ([Fig. 1]). Therefore, endoscopic treatment was planned. A forward-viewing endoscope (PCF-H290TI; Olympus Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) was inserted. The choledochojejunal anastomotic site had a pinhole-like opening ([Fig. 2]). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) revealed multiple large IBDSs ([Fig. 3], [Fig. 4]). Based on these findings, multiple large IBDSs with benign choledochojejunal anastomotic stenosis were diagnosed. The strategy of endoscopic treatment was to first dilate the anastomotic site with the placement of a temporary fully-covered self-expandable metal stent (FCSEMS) and remove the stones. The choledochojejunal anastomotic site was dilated by a balloon dilator followed by the placement of two plastic stents and then FCSEMS ([Fig. 5]). These stents were removed endoscopically after 2 months, and stricture resolution of the choledochojejunal anastomotic site was achieved. IBDSs were observed by peroral direct cholangioscopy (PDCS) using a forward-viewing endoscope (SIF-H290S; Olympus Medical Systems). Electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) for the right IBDSs and crushed stone extraction by a basket under PDCS were performed; however, the left IBDSs remained. One month later, balloon dilatation was performed at the choledochojejunal anastomotic site because it was narrower; similar procedures were performed on the remaining IBDSs, and PDCS and ERC revealed no IBDS residue ([Video 1]).
Successful endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer involving the pyloric ring using a combination of water and gel immersion with the tunneling method
Authors: Takahiro Muramatsu, Tomoaki Tashima, Tsubasa Ishikawa, Rie Terada, Tomonori Kawasaki, Takao Itoi, Shomei Ryozawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

When performing endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastric cancer that straddles the pyloric ring, it can be difficult to dissect the distal side of the lesion and visualize the submucosal layer. Although several techniques have been reported [1] [2] [3], no consensus has been reached as to the best method. Recently, endoscopic treatment with water or gel immersion has become popular [4] [5]. This has several advantages, including improving the visual field, providing buoyancy, and maintaining the lumen at a low pressure. Herein, we describe successful ESD for early gastric cancer involving the pyloric ring using a combination of water and gel immersion in low-pressure endoscopy with a tunneling method ([Video 1]).
An airbag cap specially designed for the removal of sharp, deeply embedded foreign bodies: a new method of cap-assisted endoscopy
Authors: Linlin Chen, Zhaoxia Lu, Yuanyuan Zhou, Miao Ouyang
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Removal of esophageal foreign bodies is a common emergency endoscopic treatment [1]. However, large foreign bodies and sharp edges are extremely risky and difficult to remove endoscopically, and affected patients often undergo surgical operations, which greatly increases the damage to the body [2]. We have developed an endoscopic anterior cap with an airbag specifically for the removal of these difficult foreign bodies ([Fig. 1]), with excellent results.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided portal pressure gradient measurement: improving safety and overcoming technical difficulties
Authors: Rafael Romero-Castro, Isabel Carmona-Soria, Victoria Alejandra Jiménez-García, Paula Fernández-Álvarez, Ángel Caunedo-Álvarez, Marc Giovannini, Atsushi Irisawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

The hepatic venous pressure gradient obtained by interventional radiology is the current gold-standard, indirect method for quantifying the degree of portal hypertension [1]. Direct measurement of the portal pressure gradient (PPG) under endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guidance using 25-gauge [2] [3] and 22-gauge needles has been reported [4].
Transcription factor EGR2 controls homing and pathogenicity of TH17 cells in the central nervous system
Authors: Yuanyuan Gao, Yan Wang, Daniel Chauss, Alejandro V. Villarino, Verena M. Link, Hiroyuki Nagashima, Camille A. Spinner, Vishal N. Koparde, Nicolas Bouladoux, Michael S. Abers, Timothy J. Break, Laura B. Chopp, Jung-Hyun Park, Jinfang Zhu, David L. Wiest, Warren J. Leonard, Michail S. Lionakis, John J. O’Shea, Behdad Afzali, Yasmine Belkaid, Vanja Lazarevic
Journal: Nature Immunology (2023)
Novel method combining endoscopic band ligation and clipping for hemostasis of colonic diverticular bleeding
Authors: Noritaka Ozawa, Kenji Yamazaki, Haruka Koizumi, Kiichi Otani, Kosuke Hasegawa, Shogo Shimizu, Masahito Shimizu
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Several endoscopic modalities are used to treat colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB), a predominant lower gastrointestinal bleeding type [1] [2]. Most modalities involve clipping or endoscopic band ligation (EBL), which is preferred for preventing early rebleeding [3] [4] [5]; however, rebleeding often occurs even after EBL. Moreover, previous studies have debated whether EBL or clipping is more effective [3] [4] [5]. We have established a novel method combining EBL and clipping (i. e. the EBL-C method) for hemostasis of CDB.
Guidewire malposition outside the bile duct during endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy
Authors: Yoshimitsu Fukasawa, Mitsuharu Fukasawa, Shinichi Takano, Satoshi Kawakami, Hiroshi Hayakawa, Shota Harai, Nobuyuki Enomoto
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) is widely used in clinical practice for patients with a malignant biliary obstruction after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) [1] [2]. However, the rate of procedure-related adverse events associated with EUS-HGS is relatively high [1] [2]. Herein, we report a case of guidewire malposition during EUS-HGS ([Video 1]).
Salvage endoscopic submucosal resection for residual esophageal superficial cancer involving a stenotic anastomosis: a challenging but desirable indication
Authors: Jiyu Zhang, Huige Wang, Miao Shi, Dan Liu, Bing-Rong Liu
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

A 48-year-old man with a history of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by subtotal esophagectomy presented with symptoms of dysphagia over 2 months. Endoscopic examination showed an anastomotic stenosis at 20 cm from the incisors and the endoscope was unable to be passed through this ([Fig. 1 a]). In addition, white-light endoscopy and narrow-band imaging revealed a patch of residual early esophageal cancer, with meandering vessels, in a pseudodiverticulum near the anastomosis ([Fig. 1 b]). A salvage endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was scheduled to remove this lesion, with the aim of avoiding its further malignant progression and aggressive additional treatment ([Video 1]). Nonstaining of the lesion with Lugol's iodine chromoendoscopy helped to delineate the margin ([Fig. 1 c]). Intraoperatively, although submucosal lifting was not satisfactory because of the marked fibrosis, it was still possible to complete en bloc dissection ([Fig. 1 d]).
Improvement of sensory deficits in fragile X mice by increasing cortical interneuron activity after the critical period
Authors: Nazim Kourdougli, Anand Suresh, Benjamin Liu, Pablo Juarez, Ashley Lin, David T. Chung, Anette Graven Sams, Michael J. Gandal, Verónica Martínez-Cerdeño, Dean V. Buonomano, Benjamin J. Hall, Cédric Mombereau, Carlos Portera-Cailliau
Journal: Neuron (2023)

Changes in the function of inhibitory interneurons (INs) during cortical development could contribute to the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Using all-optical in vivo approaches, we find that parvalbumin (PV) INs and their immature precursors are hypoactive and transiently decoupled from excitatory neurons in postnatal mouse somatosensory cortex (S1) of Fmr1 KO mice, a model of fragile X syndrome (FXS). This leads to a loss of parvalbumin INs (PV-INs) in both mice and humans with FXS. Increasing the activity of future PV-INs in neonatal Fmr1 KO mice restores PV-IN density and ameliorates transcriptional dysregulation in S1, but not circuit dysfunction. Critically, administering an allosteric modulator of Kv3.1 channels after the S1 critical period does rescue circuit dynamics and tactile defensiveness. Symptoms in FXS and related disorders could be mitigated by targeting PV-INs.
Use of recombinant microRNAs as antimetabolites to inhibit human non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yixin Chen, Mei-Juan Tu, Fangwei Han, Zhenzhen Liu, Neelu Batra, Primo N. Lara, Hong-Wu Chen, Huichang Bi, Ai-Ming Yu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2023)

During the development of therapeutic microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs), it is essential to define their pharmacological actions. Rather, miRNA research and therapy mainly use miRNA mimics synthesized in vitro. After experimental screening of unique recombinant miRNAs produced in vivo, three lead antiproliferative miRNAs against human NSCLC cells, miR-22-3p, miR-9-5p, and miR-218-5p, were revealed to target folate metabolism by bioinformatic analyses. Recombinant miR-22-3p, miR-9-5p, and miR-218-5p were shown to regulate key folate metabolic enzymes to inhibit folate metabolism and subsequently alter amino acid metabolome in NSCLC A549 and H1975 cells. Isotope tracing studies further confirmed the disruption of one-carbon transfer from serine to folate metabolites by all three miRNAs, inhibition of glucose uptake by miR-22-3p, and reduction of serine biosynthesis from glucose by miR-9-5p and -218-5p in NSCLC cells. With greater activities to interrupt NSCLC cell respiration, glycolysis, and colony formation than miR-9-5p and -218-5p, recombinant miR-22-3p was effective to reduce tumor growth in two NSCLC patient-derived xenograft mouse models without causing any toxicity. These results establish a common antifolate mechanism and differential actions on glucose uptake and metabolism for three lead anticancer miRNAs as well as antitumor efficacy for miR-22-3p nanomedicine, which shall provide insight into developing antimetabolite RNA therapies.
Activatable fluorescent probes for imaging and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Pan Luo, Fu-Qiang Gao, Wei Sun, Jun-You Li, Cheng Wang, Qing-Yu Zhang, Zhi-Zhuo Li, Peng Xu
Journal: Military Medical Research (2023)

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that is primarily manifested as synovitis and polyarticular opacity and typically leads to serious joint damage and irreversible disability, thus adversely affecting locomotion ability and life quality. Consequently, good prognosis heavily relies on the early diagnosis and effective therapeutic monitoring of RA. Activatable fluorescent probes play vital roles in the detection and imaging of biomarkers for disease diagnosis and in vivo imaging. Herein, we review the fluorescent probes developed for the detection and imaging of RA biomarkers, namely reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (hypochlorous acid, peroxynitrite, hydroxyl radical, nitroxyl), pH, and cysteine, and address the related challenges and prospects to inspire the design of novel fluorescent probes and the improvement of their performance in RA studies.
Proterozoic Acquisition of Archaeal Genes for Extracellular Electron Transfer: A Metabolic Adaptation of Aerobic Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria to Oxygen Limitation
Authors: Arda Gulay, Greg Fournier, Barth F Smets, Peter R Girguis
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2023)

Many aerobic microbes can utilize alternative electron acceptors under oxygen-limited conditions. In some cases, this is mediated by extracellular electron transfer (or EET), wherein electrons are transferred to extracellular oxidants such as iron oxide and manganese oxide minerals. Here, we show that an ammonia-oxidizer previously known to be strictly aerobic, Nitrosomonas communis, may have been able to utilize a poised electrode to maintain metabolic activity in anoxic conditions. The presence and activity of multiheme cytochromes in N. communis further suggest a capacity for EET. Molecular clock analysis shows that the ancestors of β-proteobacterial ammonia oxidizers appeared after Earth's atmospheric oxygenation when the oxygen levels were >10-4pO2 (present atmospheric level [PAL]), consistent with aerobic origins. Equally important, phylogenetic reconciliations of gene and species trees show that the multiheme c-type EET proteins in Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira lineages were likely acquired by gene transfer from γ-proteobacteria when the oxygen levels were between 0.1 and 1 pO2 (PAL). These results suggest that β-proteobacterial EET evolved during the Proterozoic when oxygen limitation was widespread, but oxidized minerals were abundant.
Microneedle-enabled therapeutics delivery and biosensing in clinical trials
Authors: Junying Zhang, Hailiang Li, Lamyaa Albakr, Yiwen Zhang, Aiyu Lu, Wenlin Chen, Tianyu Shao, Luying Zhu, Hua Yuan, Gongjun Yang, Nial J. Wheate, Lifeng Kang, Chungyong Wu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2023)

Microneedles (MNs) are micron-sized protrusions attached to a range of devices that are used in therapeutic delivery and diagnosis. Because MNs can be self-applied, are painless, and can carry multiple therapeutic agents, they have received extensive attention, and have been widely investigated, for local and systemic therapy. Many researchers are currently working to extend the use of MNs to clinical applications. In this review, we provide an update and analysis on MN-based clinical trials since their inception in 2007. The MNs in clinical trials are classified into five types based on their appearance and properties, including: hollow MNs, MN patches, radiofrequency MNs, MN rollers, and other MNs. The various aspects of MN trials are summarized, such as MN types, clinical trial time, and trial regions. This review aims to present an overview of MN development and provide insights for future research in this field. To our knowledge, this is the first review focused on MN clinical trials which showcases the latest applications of this advanced technology in medicine.
Viral metagenomics of the gut virome of diarrheal children with Rotavirus A infection
Authors: Siwen Bao, Hao Wang, Wang Li, Haisheng Wu, Chunying Lu, Liang Yong, Qing Zhang, Xiang Lu, Min Zhao, Juan Lu, Jia Liu, Chukwudozie Kingsley Ikechukwu, Juan Xu, Ping Ni, Ying Xiong, Wen Zhang, Chenglin Zhou
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

Diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide and represents a major dysbiosis event. Rotavirus has been recognized as a global leading pathogen of diarrhea. This study is aimed at investigating differences in the gut virome between diarrheal children and healthy controls. In 2018, 76 diarrheal fecal samples and 27 healthy fecal samples in Shanghai and 40 diarrheal fecal samples and 19 healthy fecal samples in Taizhou were collected to investigate the composition of the gut virome. Viral metagenomic analyses revealed that the alpha diversity of the diarrheal virome was not significantly different from that of the healthy virome, and the beta diversity had a significant difference between diarrheal and healthy children. The diarrheal virome was mainly dominated by the families Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, and Picornaviridae. Meanwhile, the healthy virome also contains phages, including Microviridae and Caudovirales. The high prevalence of diverse enteric viruses in all samples and the little abundance of Microviridae and Caudovirales in diarrheal groups were identified. The study introduced a general overview of the gut virome in diarrheal children, revealed the compositional differences in the gut viral community compared to healthy controls, and provided a reference for efficient treatments and prevention of virus-infectious diarrhea in children.
A urokinase-associated outbreak of Ralstonia mannitolilytica bloodstream infections in haemodialysis patients in north-eastern Italy, January to April 2023
Authors: Massimiliano Fabricci, Anaïs Trinca, Luca Talotti, Marina Busetti, Emmanouil Alexandros Fotakis, Christina Merakou, Raffaella Koncan, Annachiara Ghiotti, Camilla Negri, Vittorio Di Maso, Manuela Bosco, Alberto Antonelli, Marco Coppi, Gian Maria Rossolini, Claudia Giuliani, Enrico Scarpis, Barbara Gregoretti, Danilo Licastro, Roberto Luzzati, Venera Costantino
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

An outbreak of Ralstonia mannitolilytica bloodstream infections occurred in four hospitals in north-eastern Italy, involving 20 haemodialysis patients with tunnelled central vascular catheter access. We identified as the outbreak source a batch of urokinase vials imported from India contaminated with R. mannitolilytica. Whole genome sequences of the clinical and urokinase strains were highly related, and only urokinase-treated patients were reported with R. mannitolilytica infections (attack rate = 34%; 95% confidence interval: 22.1–47.4). Discontinuation of the contaminated urokinase terminated the outbreak.
Influenza transmission during COVID-19 measures downscaling in Greece, August 2022: evidence for the need of continuous integrated surveillance of respiratory viruses
Authors: Kassiani Mellou, Kyriaki Tryfinopoulou, Mary Emmanouil, Kassiani Gkolfinopoulou, Spyros Sapounas, Maria Evangelidou, Panagiota Moulopoulou, Eleftherios Miaoulis, Emmanouil Angelakis, George Sourvinos, Theoklis Zaoutis, Dimitrios Paraskevis
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

After the near absence of influenza and other respiratory viruses during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, an increased activity of mainly influenza A(H3N2) was detected at the beginning of August 2022 in Greece on three islands. Of 33 cases with respiratory symptoms testing negative for SARS-CoV-2 with rapid antigen tests, 24 were positive for influenza: 20 as A(H3N2) subtype and four as A(H1N1)pdm09 subtype. Phylogenetic analysis of selected samples from both subtypes was performed and they fell into clusters within subclades that included the 2022/23 vaccine strains. Our data suggest that influenza can be transmitted even in the presence of another highly infectious pathogen, such as SARS-CoV-2, with a similar transmission mode. We highlight the need for implementing changes in the current influenza surveillance and suggest a move from seasonal to continuous surveillance, especially in areas with a high number of tourists. Year-round surveillance would allow for a timelier start of vaccination campaigns and antiviral drugs procurement processes.
Mycobacterial lipid-derived immunomodulatory drug- liposome conjugate eradicates endosome-localized mycobacteria
Authors: Manjari Mishra, Aishi Das Gupta, Ruchika Dadhich, Mohammad Naiyaz Ahmad, Arunava Dasgupta, Sidharth Chopra, Shobhna Kapoor
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2023)
SARS-CoV-2 in lions, gorillas and zookeepers in the Rotterdam Zoo, the Netherlands, a One Health investigation, November 2021
Authors: Florien Dusseldorp, Linda G.R. Bruins-van-Sonsbeek, Maaike Buskermolen, Henk Niphuis, Mariëlle Dirven, Jane Whelan, Bas B. Oude Munnink, Marion Koopmans, Ewout B. Fanoy, Reina S. Sikkema, Aimée Tjon-A-Tsien
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

In November 2021, seven western lowland gorillas and four Asiatic lions were diagnosed with COVID-19 at Rotterdam Zoo. An outbreak investigation was undertaken to determine the source and extent of the outbreak and to identify possible transmission routes. Interviews were conducted with staff to identify human and animal contacts and cases, compliance with personal protective equipment (PPE) and potential transmission routes. Human and animal contacts and other animal species suspected to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Positive samples were subjected to sequencing. All the gorillas and lions that could be tested (3/7 and 2/4, respectively) were RT-PCR positive between 12 November and 10 December 2021. No other animal species were SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive. Forty direct and indirect human contacts were identified. Two direct contacts tested RT-PCR positive 10 days after the first COVID-19 symptoms in animals. The zookeepers’ viral genome sequences clustered with those of gorillas and lions. Personal protective equipment compliance was suboptimal at instances. Findings confirm transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among animals and between humans and animals but source and directionality could not be established. Zookeepers were the most likely source and should have periodic PPE training. Sick animals should promptly be tested and isolated/quarantined.
A Q fever outbreak among visitors to a natural cave, Bizkaia, Spain, December 2020 to October 2021
Authors: Ana Hurtado, Ion I Zendoia, Eva Alonso, Xabier Beraza, Joseba Bidaurrazaga, Blanca Ocabo, Iñaki Arrazola, Aitor Cevidanes, Jesús F Barandika, Ana L García-Pérez
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

We describe a large Q fever outbreak reported in Spain, including 108 cases, 53 with pneumonia and 27 requiring hospitalisations. The first cases were detected in February 2021 among rock climbers visiting a cave in Bizkaia, and the last case was detected in October 2021. Most cases were notified after the Easter holiday (April–May 2021). More males (63.9%) than females (36.1%) were infected (median ages: 42 (1–68) and 39 years (6–61), respectively). We detected Coxiella burnetii by PCR in faecal, dust and/or aerosol samples taken inside the cave in March 2021, and in dust and aerosol samples collected between March 2021 and February 2023. Coxiella burnetii from dust samples were cultured on Vero cells, showing viability for 24 months. Based on serological and genotyping data, goats sheltering in the cave were the most likely source of infection. The cave was closed on 29 April 2021, movements of goats and sheep in the area were restricted (March–July 2021), and the animals were vaccinated in October 2021. Investigation of Q fever outbreaks requires a multidisciplinary One Health approach as these outbreaks can occur in unexpected places like natural sites where animals are present.
The structured ambulatory post-stroke care program for outpatient aftercare in patients with ischaemic stroke in Germany (SANO): an open-label, cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Christopher J Schwarzbach, Felizitas Anna Eichner, Viktoria Rücker, Anna-Lena Hofmann, Moritz Keller, Heinrich J Audebert, Stephan von Bandemer, Stefan T Engelter, Dieter Geis, Klaus Gröschel, Karl Georg Haeusler, Gerhard F Hamann, Andreas Meisel, Dirk Sander, Martha Schutzmeier, Roland Veltkamp, Peter Ulrich Heuschmann, Armin J Grau, A Binder, N Daneshkhah, P Cidlinsky, BM Eicke, K Fassbender, GR Fink, OA Onur, M Grond, B Kallmünzer, M Köhrmann, R Kollmar, M Musso, M Maschke, J Minnerup, J Mühler, T Neumann-Haefelin, L Niehaus, A Pankert, S Poli, A Reich, G Reimann, P Ringleb, J Purrucker, R Roth, F Schlachetzki, T Steiner, H Soda, K Szabo, H Topka, T Uphaus, A Spreer, ME Wolf, J Wöhrle
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2023)