tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Medicare Coverage and Estimated Out-of-Pocket Costs for Generic Abiraterone Products
Authors: Arjun Gupta, Emmanuel S. Antonarakis, Anne H. Blaes, Christopher M. Booth, Stacie B. Dusetzina
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

This cross-sectional study evaluates the association of generic competition and changes in product coverage and cost-sharing by using Medicare data and estimated out-of-pocket costs for the oral specialty drug abiraterone.
Human Monkeypox Virus Infection in the Immediate Period After Receiving Modified Vaccinia Ankara Vaccine
Authors: Aniruddha Hazra, Laura Rusie, Trevor Hedberg, John A. Schneider
Journal: JAMA (2022)

This study uses electronic medical record data to describe monkeypox infections after a single dose of Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic vaccine, a live, nonreplicating vaccine indicated for prevention of smallpox and monkeypox infection in adults.
Bayesian realism and structural representation
Authors: Alex Kiefer, Jakob Hohwy
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract We challenge the authors' view that Markov blankets are illicitly reified when used to describe organismic boundaries. We do this both on general methodological grounds, where we appeal to a form of structural realism derived from Bayesian cognitive science to dissolve the problem, and by rebutting specific arguments in the target article.
Redressing the emperor in causal clothing
Authors: Victor J. Btesh, Neil R. Bramley, David A. Lagnado
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract Over-flexibility in the definition of Friston blankets obscures a key distinction between observational and interventional inference. The latter requires cognizers form not just a causal representation of the world but also of their own boundary and relationship with it, in order to diagnose the consequences of their actions. We suggest this locates the blanket in the eye of the beholder.
Recurrent, nonequilibrium systems and the Markov blanket assumption
Authors: Miguel Aguilera, Christopher L. Buckley
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract Markov blankets – statistical independences between system and environment – have become popular to describe the boundaries of living systems under Bayesian views of cognition. The intuition behind Markov blankets originates from considering acyclic, atemporal networks. In contrast, living systems display recurrent, nonequilibrium interactions that generate pervasive couplings between system and environment, making Markov blankets highly unusual and restricted to particular cases.
Highlights of Consensus-Based Recommendations for Acute Kidney Injury in Children
Authors: Kianoush B. Kashani
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Stuart L. Goldstein, MD; Ayse Akcan-Arikan, MD; Rashid Alobaidi, MD; David J. Askenazi, MD; Sean M. Bagshaw, MD; Matthew Barhight, MD; Erin Barreto, PhD; Benan Bayrakci, MD; Orville N.R. Bignall, MD; Erica Bjornstad, MD; Patrick D. Brophy, MD; Rahul Chanchlani, MD; Jennifer R. Charlton, MD; Andrea L. Conroy, MD; Akash Deep, MD; Prasad Devarajan, MD; Kristin Dolan, MD; Dana Y. Fuhrman, MD; Katja M. Gist, DO; Stephen M. Gorga, MD; Jason H. Greenberg; Denise Hasson, MD; Emma Heydari Ulrich, MD; Arpana Iyengar, MD; Jennifer G. Jetton, MD; Catherine Krawczeski, MD; Leslie Meigs; Shina Menon, MD; Jolyn Morgan, MSN; Catherine J. Morgan, MD; Theresa Mottes, APRN-NP; Tara M. Neumayr, MD; Zaccaria Ricci, MD; David Selewski, MD; Danielle E. Soranno, MD; Michelle Starr, MD; Natalja L. Stanski, MD; Scott M. Sutherland, MD; Jordan Symons, MD; Marcelo S. Tavares, MD; Molly Wong Vega, MS; Michael Zappitelli, MD; Claudio Ronco, MD; Ravindra L. Mehta, MD; John Kellum, MD; Marlies Ostermann, MD; Rajit K. Basu, MD; Pediatric ADQI Collaborative
Mutual leveraging of proximity effects and click chemistry in chemical biology
Authors: Ru Dong, Xiaoxiao Yang, Binghe Wang, Xingyue Ji
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2022)

Abstract Nature has the remarkable ability to realize reactions under physiological conditions that normally would require high temperature and other forcing conditions. In doing so, often proximity effects such as simultaneous binding of two reactants in the same pocket and/or strategic positioning of catalytic functional groups are used as ways to achieve otherwise kinetically challenging reactions. Though true biomimicry is challenging, there have been many beautiful examples of how to leverage proximity effects in realizing reactions that otherwise would not readily happen under near‐physiological conditions. Along this line, click chemistry is often used to endow proximity effects, and proximity effects are also used to further leverage the facile and bioorthogonal nature of click chemistry. This review brings otherwise seemingly unrelated topics in chemical biology and drug discovery under one unifying theme of mutual leveraging of proximity effects and click chemistry and aims to critically analyze the biomimicry use of such leveraging effects as powerful approaches in chemical biology and drug discovery. We hope that this review demonstrates the power of employing mutual leveraging proximity effects and click chemistry and inspires the development of new strategies that will address unmet needs in chemistry and biology.
Whether Forced Marriage or Loving Union, Marrying Breast and Lung Cancer Screening Practices Would Help Prevent Death From Lung Cancer
Authors: Christiane K. Kuhl
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Ashley L. Titan, MD; Ioana Baiu, MD, MPH; Doug Liou, MD; Natalie S. Lui, MD; Mark Berry, MD; Joseph Shrager, MD; Leah Backhus, MD, MPH
Treatment of Refractory Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Bertha A. Bouroncle
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The immunosuppressive drug azathioprine (Imuran) was used in long-term management of 17 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Most patients treated were refractory to conventional therapy with splenectomy and corticosteroids. Azathioprine was effective in inducing a complete hematologic and clinical remission in 12 patients and a partial remission in 2 patients. With the exception of transitory and reversible leukopenia, no toxic effects resulted, even after two years of therapy. In the management of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura we still consider splenectomy and corticosteroids the treatments of choice. When the disease is refractory to splenectomy and corticosteroids, or when prolonged doses of corticosteroids are required, we recommend therapy with azathioprine. Corticosteroids should be given concomitantly with azathioprine, since they seem to have a synergistic effect, even in patients who have been refractory to corticosteroids.
Editorial: Group B streptococci: a serious threat to the neonate
Authors: M. Yow
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Within the past few years, group B streptococcal disease has become a major problem in many areas of the United States. There is no doubt that there has been a true increase in the incidence of neonatal disease resulting from group B streptococci. These organisms have been recognized as pathogenic for many years, but only recently have they emerged as a major threat to the newborn infant. Lancefield<sup>1</sup>first described these hemolytic streptococci as distinct from the group A hemolytic streptococci and other hemolytic streptococci when she developed precipitin-grouping tests in 1934. In 1942, Rantz and Kirby<sup>2</sup>called attention to human infection caused by the group B streptococci. Hood and associates,<sup>3</sup>in 1961, presented a strong case for the importance of these organisms in perinatal infection in both the infant and the mother. In 1964, Eickhoff et al<sup>4</sup>reported experience with group B streptococcal infections at
The Mathematical Approach to Physiological Problems: A Critical Primer.
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Energy metabolism patterns in mammalian myocardium adapted to chronic physiopathological conditions
Authors: A. Rossi, S. Lortet
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Objective: When the myocardium is subjected to a chronic overload, it enlarges and a major restructuring of all organelles and cellular functions occurs. The changes occurring at the level of the contractile apparatus are well documented; less is known about the alterations in the energy status of the hypertrophied cardiomyocyte. The purpose of this paper is firstly to provide a brief review of the data published on this topic and secondly to analyse previously published data drawn from studies devoted to the evaluation of the capacity of the ATP-producing processes to respond to an acute change in workload. Methods: Several different chronic conditions were studied in rats: senescence, hypertension, chronic hypoxia, and administration of thyroid hormone. The pattern of the metabolic response of the heart to acute changes in workload was characterized by alterations in the concentrations of phosphocreatine, inorganic phosphate and ATP followed in isolated heart by 31P-NMR spectroscopy. Results: In most of the models studied the pattern of these changes was very similar to that observed in controls. The only exceptions concerned the hearts of young hypertensive rats and those of animals subjected to a cumulated overload (hypertension + thyroid hormone). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the regulation of energy metabolism was well preserved in spite of the extensive restructuring that occurs in rat hearts subjected to different chronic conditions which could affect the energy balance of the cardiomyocyte.
Heparin Standards: Relation to Sources
Authors: Newell D. Jenkins
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I wish to correct a misleading statement that appeared in your consultant's answer to the question regarding "Stability and Biological Activity of Various Brands of Heparin Solution" (225:1131, 1973). The author stated, "Because various animals are killed in abattoirs, even the pharmaceutical houses cannot be certain that only porcine mucosa or bovine lung has been used." Admittedly, the producers of porcine mucosal heparin, including Upjohn, cannot ordinarily be 100% certain that their product does not also contain heparin derived from mucosae of cattle or sheep. However, this is not true of bovine lung heparin, for the following reasons: Upjohn sources indicate that Upjohn is presently, and has been for several years, the sole commercial supplier of bovine lung heparin in the non-Communist world. Your consultant listed eight heparin lot numbers, along with manufacturer's name and tissue and species of origin, that included one lot of bovine
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

In this study, Hui and colleagues conducted global microRNA expression profiling of 51 archival samples of locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). They found that approximately one third of all miRNAs tested were deregulated, and chromosomal alterations were one mechanism that could lead to abnormal miRNA expression. Profiles were similar among laryngeal, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal cancers. MiR-451 was significantly downregulated in relapsed patients, and functional analysis demonstrated the involvement of the miR-106b-25 cluster and miR-375 in HNSCC development and progression. Further study of these abnormally expressed miRNAs should lead to a better understanding of HNSCC biology.The ERK pathway is upregulated in many human cancers, and specific blockade of the ERK pathway using the MEK inhibitor PD184352 induces mostly cytostatic effects. Watanabe and colleagues show that the therapeutic efficacy of microtubule-destabilizing agents is enhanced when combined with PD184352. In mice harboring tumor xenografts, PD184352 could sensitize tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of the microtubule-destabilizing agents TZT-1027 and vinorelbine. The enhanced therapeutic efficacy of the drug combinations was achieved by a relatively transient blockade of the ERK pathway. These findings suggest that administration of both a MEK inhibitor and a microtubule-destabilizing agent could be an effective chemotherapeutic strategy.Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (such as tipifarnib) appear to have additive or synergistic effects with cancer treatments, and preclinical data suggest they could help overcome hormone therapy resistance in breast cancer. Dalenc and colleagues conducted a phase II clinical trial with combined tipifarnib/tamoxifen as a rescue therapy for metastatic breast cancer patients with acquired tamoxifen resistance. Of 20 patients, one had an objective response and nine had stable disease, for an overall clinical benefit rate of 50%. Additionally, serum profiling was performed, and a peptide of fibrinogen α was identified as a possible therapeutic response marker.Cancer cell proliferation depends upon ribonucleotide reductase, an enzyme needed for DNA synthesis. After ionizing radiation, ribonucleotide reductase activity increases, facilitating DNA repair and decreasing cancer cell sensitivity to this treatment. To explore the safety and efficacy of ribonucleotide reductase inhibition, Kunos and colleagues designed a phase 1 clinical study of daily radiation and weekly cisplatin chemotherapy plus three-times weekly 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3-AP), a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, in patients with cervical cancer. The regimen was well tolerated and a 100% complete response rate was observed, with no disease progression documented through 18 months of median follow-up.
Mitogenic effect of transforming growth factor-β1 on human ito cells in culture: Evidence for mediation by endogenous platelet-derived growth factor
Authors: Khin Maung Win, Frederic Charlotte, Ariane Mallat, Daniel Cherqui, Nadine Martin, Philippe Mavier, Anne-Marie Preaux, Daniel Dhumeau, Jean Rosenbaum
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

We assessed the effect of transforming growth factor-β1 on the proliferation of human Ito cells. Ito cells in their myofibroblastlike phenotype were grown from explants of human liver and were characterized with electron microscopy and positive immunostaining for desmin and smooth muscle α-actin. Transforming growth factor-β1 was mitogenic for human Ito cells whatever the culture conditions, although it was, as previously described, inhibitory of growth for rat Ito cells. The mitogenic effect of transforming growth factor-β1 was likely due to induction of autocrine platelet-derived growth factor chain secretion by Ito cells themselves because (a) the mitogenic effect of transforming growth factor-β1 was blocked by specific platelet-derived growth factor antibodies, (b) transforming growth factor-β1 increased platelet-derived growth factor-A chain messenger RNA expression and platelet-derived growth factor-AA secretion by human Ito cells and (c) human Ito cells expressed the α-type platelet-derived growth factor-A receptor messenger RNA. Exogenous platelet-derived growth factor-AA was also mitogenic for human Ito cells, mimicking the effect of transforming growth factor-β1. Our data suggest that results obtained with rat Ito cells must be extrapolated with caution to human ones. The mitogenic effect of transforming growth factor-β1 on human Ito cells probably has pathophysiological relevance because transforming growth factor-β1 has been demonstrated in vivo at sites of active liver fibrogenesis. (Hepatology 1993;18:137-145).
Influence of Diagnostic Criteria on the Incidence of Gestational Diabetes and Perinatal Morbidity
Authors: M. Scott Magee
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the incidence of gestational diabetes and its associated maternal and infant morbidity by two sets of 3-hour glucose tolerance test criteria, those recommended by the National Diabetes Data Group or the lower, modified criteria of Carpenter and Coustan. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective, observational outcome cohort study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Prepaid health maintenance organization. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —A total of 2019 pregnant women preregistered in a health maintenance organization were screened for a plasma glucose of 7.77 mmol/L (140 mg/ dL) or greater, 1 hour after ingestion of a 50-g glucose drink administered after an overnight fast. Positive subjects received a 3-hour glucose tolerance test interpreted by the two criteria. Data are presented for 521 randomly selected negative screenees; 264 positive screen, negative glucose tolerance test subjects; and 101 subjects with gestational diabetes mellitus. <h3>Outcome Measures.</h3> —Maternal risk factors for diabetes, infant birth weight corrected for gestational age (birth-weight ratio), umbilical cord serum insulin levels, and 33 maternal and infant perinatal morbidities assessed from chart review. <h3>Results.</h3> —Gestational diabetes incidence was 5.0% overall based on the modified criteria and 3.2% by the recommended criteria. Maternal age and family history of diabetes were higher in both modified and recommended groups. Birth-weight ratio was 1.05 in negative screenees, 1.09 in gestational diabetes overall (<i>P</i>&lt;.05 when only diet-treated subjects were considered), and 1.11 in modified and 1.08 in recommended criteria groups. Cord serum insulin levels in infants of gestational diabetic mothers by both criteria were 40% above those of negative screenees (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). The average percentage incidence of 33 possible perinatal morbidities was 41% higher in gestational diabetic pregnancies by the modified criteria. The cumulative number of morbidities was higher in both modified and recommended criteria groups (<i>P</i>&lt;.01 in both instances). In contrast, subjects having a positive glucose screening test but a negative glucose tolerance test by modified criteria had none of the characteristics of gestational diabetes with the single exception of greater age. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Fifty percent more cases of gestational diabetes were identified using the more inclusive, modified criteria. These cases had as much excess in maternal diabetes risk factors, infant macrosomia, and cord hyperinsulinemia and nearly as much increase in perinatal morbidity as subjects diagnosed by the recommended criteria. The incidence and perinatal impact of gestational diabetes may be greater than previously appreciated. The modified criteria deserve wider verification and use. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:609-615)
Exercise-Induced Arrhythmias in Patients With Pacemakers
Authors: Edward Singer
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Twenty-seven patients with cardiac pacemakers performed 44 low-level treadmill exercise tests to demonstrate changes of rhythm. Many types of transient arrhythmias were induced during 33 tests (75%). Ventricular ectopic beats occurred in 26 tests (59%) including five paroxysms of ventricular tachycardia. Supraventricular rhythms occurred in 20 tests (45%): junctional, nine; normal sinus, seven; and atrial fibrillation, four. Serial exercise testing of 15 subjects revealed consistent rhythm changes. Exercise was helpful in determining pacemaker characteristics, usually illustrating an appropriate function in the demand mode. Ambulatory patients with cardiac pacemakers are often arrhythmic during walking exercise.
Anti-BP180 autoantibodies as a marker of poor prognosis in bullous pemphigoid: a cohort analysis of 94 elderly patients
Authors: P. BERNARD, C. BEDANE, J-M. BONNETBLANC
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

The prognosis of bullous pemphigoid (BP), a disorder which usually affects elderly patients, is not well established and conflicting data have been reported about the mortality rate of the disease. Our objective in this study was to assess the clinical and immunological factors determining survival in a prospective series of 94 patients with BP. A cohort of 94 consecutive patients with BP (mean age ±SD: 81 ±4 years) was studied over an 8‐year period (1987–94) in one department and patients followed up for at least 1 year. The diagnosis of BP was made on clinical criteria (using a standardized questionnaire), direct immunofluorescence (IF) findings (i.e. linear deposits of IgG and/or C3 along the basement membrane zone) and confirmed by direct immunoelectron microscopy and/or Western immunoblotting. Our analysis (median duration of follow‐up: 5 years) showed that 37% of BP patients were dead within a year of starting treatment. The clinical or immunological factors which may influence the prognosis of BP were studied according to the criterion of death or survival by the end of the first year of treatment. None of the following factors was found to be significantly linked to the prognosis in BP: age, sex, extent of skin lesions at presentation, presence of mucosal lesions, blood eosinophilia, or the presence of circulating basement membrane zone autoantibodies by indirect IF. An impaired general condition and a history of coronary artery disease indicated a bad prognosis. The presence of circulating autoantibodies against BP180 autoantigen but not autoantibodies against BP230, as detected by immunobiotting on epidermal extracts, was found to be significantly more frequent (60% vs. 25%) in BP patients who died within the first year of treatment (P < 0·01). We conclude that the presence of circulating autoantibodies against BP180 represents the first intrinsic prognostic factor that has been demonstrated in BP. This result supports the growing body of evidence for the pathophysiological importance of the anti‐BP180 autoantibodies.
Wild-Type Gross Leukemia Virus. I. Soluble Antigen (GSA) in the Plasma and Tissues of Infected Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Tadao Aoki, Edward A. Boyse, Lloyd J. Old
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

A soluble antigen associated with Gross virus (G soluble antigen: GSA) is demonstrable in the plasma and tissue extracts of infected mice. It is serologically distinct from the soluble antigen previously demonstrated in the plasma of mice infected with Friend, Moloney, and Rauscher leukemia viruses. GSA is heat-labile and is not retained by 10 mμ filtration. It is found in the plasma and tissue extracts of all mice of strains with a high incidence of spontaneous leukemia (G+ strains) throughout their life and of mice inoculated with Passage A Gross virus. Detection of GSA in the blood provides a means to distinguish mice that have an exceptionally high risk of leukemia as a result of natural infection with Gross virus in the absence of an accompanying immune response. Probably GSA is a subunit of the virus coat with type-specific antigenicity, in contrast to the internal group-specific antigen demonstrable by immunoprecipitation.