tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
11C-Acetate PET/CT Detects Reactive Astrogliosis Helping Glioma Classification
Authors: Dongwoo Kim, Joong Hyun Chun, Ju Hyeon Yi, Hae Young Ko, Jee-In Chung, Misu Lee, Yongmin Mason Park, Min-Ho Nam, Jisu Kim, Seon Yoo Kim, Youngjoo Park, Ju Hyung Moon, Seok-Gu Kang, Jong Hee Chang, C. Justin Lee, Se Hoon Kim, Mijin Yun
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Purpose 11 C-acetate ( 11 C-ACE) uptake on PET/CT was recently discovered to represent reactive astrocytes in the tumor microenvironment. This study aimed at evaluating the role of 11 C-ACE PET/CT as an imaging biomarker of reactive astrogliosis in characterizing different types of gliomas. Methods In this prospective study, a total of 182 patients underwent 11 C-ACE PET/CT before surgery. The ratio of SUV max of a glioma to the SUV mean of the contralateral choroid plexus ( 11 C-ACE TCR) on PET/CT was calculated. 11 C-ACE TCRs were compared with the World Health Organization grades and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 ( IDH1 ) mutation status. Grade 2 was considered low-grade tumor, and grades 3 and 4 were considered high-grade tumors. Results The median 11 C-ACE TCR was significantly higher in IDH1 wild-type (wt) tumors (n = 91) than in IDH1 -mutant (mt) tumors (n = 91) (2.38 vs 1.30, P &lt; 0.001). Of the 91 IDH1 -mt tumors, there were no differences in the median 11 C-ACE TCRs between oligodendrogliomas (ODs) and astrocytic tumors (1.40 vs 1.20, P &gt; 0.05). In grading low- versus high-grade gliomas, the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed a higher area under the curve (0.951) in IDH1 -wt tumors than in IDH1 -mt tumors (0.783, P = 0.002). Grade 2 ODs were well differentiated from high-grade gliomas. The 11 C-ACE TCR of grade 3 ODs was significantly lower than that of IDH1 -wt glioblastomas. Conclusions High 11 C-ACE uptake is associated with high-grade IDH1 -wt tumors, thus facilitating differentiation from high-grade IDH1-mt and low-grade gliomas. In particular, low 11 C-ACE uptake in ODs is advantageous in overcoming the limitation of radiolabeled amino acid tracers.
Cerebellar Metastasis From Thyroid Carcinoma With Prominent 123I Uptake But Less Impressive MRI Findings in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Neetika Gupta, Anilawan Fleury, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Papillary thyroid carcinoma in childhood frequently presents with locoregional lymph node metastases. The distant metastases often involve lungs and the bone, whereas brain metastasis is rare. We report a case of classic variant-papillary thyroid carcinoma with right cerebellar metastasis in a 7-year-old girl on a 123 I SPECT/CT study. A brain MRI on the same day shows a tiny millimetric enhancing nodule in the right cerebellum with no perceivable perilesional edema, confirming the 123 I scan findings.
Nephroptosis Incidentally Found on 99mTc-DTPA Renal Dynamic Scan
Authors: Keshan Wang, Meiyin Fan, Fuqiang Shao, Fan Hu, Xiaotian Xia
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Nephroptosis is a significant descent (more than 5 cm or 2 vertebral bodies) of the kidney from supine to the upright position. The incidence of nephroptosis is probably more prevalent than reported, as few patients present with typical symptoms. A 55-year-old woman with intermittent abdominal pain was referred for a 99m Tc-DTPA renal dynamic scan. She had a ureteric calculi history. The result showed that the right kidney was significantly lower than the position in the CT scan a week ago. It had been diagnosed as nephroptosis according to these "moving" images. She was considering elective surgery for intervention.
Excreted 99mTc-Pertechnetate in a Renal Pelvis as a Potential False Positive in a Meckel’s Scan
Authors: Shannon M. Lanzo, Austin R. Pantel, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

A 14-year-old girl presented with right lower quadrant pain. A 99mTc-pertechnetate scan with SPECT/CT was performed to exclude a Meckel's diverticulum. The images demonstrated focal tracer uptake in the right midabdomen, which appeared early and decreased over time. However, SPECT/CT revealed that this uptake corresponded to the right renal pelvis, which was located more inferior than expected. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing anatomic variants that may cause focal tracer uptake, as well as leveraging an understanding of tracer kinetics to inform a diagnosis.
Serous Cystadenoma of the Pancreas Showing Increased Uptake on 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT
Authors: Weizhi Xu, Long Zhao, Tinghua Meng, Qihang Shang, Haojun Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Serous cystadenoma of the pancreas is a type of pancreatic cystic neoplasm frequently found in clinical practice. Serous cystadenoma of the pancreas can have a varied morphological presentation on imaging examinations. Therefore, it is sometimes very challenging to differentiate serous cystadenoma of the pancreas from pancreatic malignancy. In this study, we present a case of serous cystadenoma of the pancreas showing focally elevated radiotracer uptake on 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT. Considering potential future clinical use of 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT in malignancy, awareness of the false-positive findings is important for the differential diagnosis and management of these lesions.
The Onset of Sarcoidosis After COVID-19 Vaccination Revealed by the 18F-FDG PET
Authors: Xiangming Song, Fuqiang Shao, Xiaoli Lan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract Sarcoidosis is a heterogeneous multisystem disease characterized by noncaseating granulomas. We presented 18 F-FDG PET/CT findings of sarcoidosis in a previously healthy 43-year-old man who presented intermittent cough after the third dose of COVID-19 vaccination. 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed high uptake of one solitary nodule in the right middle lobe, mediastinal lymph nodes, bilateral hila, and multiple nodules under the right pleura, mimicking the malignancy. Nevertheless, the biopsy confirmed distinct noncaseating granulomas. This case emphasizes the onset of sarcoidosis revealed by 18 F-FDG PET/CT after COVID-19 vaccination.
Bone Metastasis of Glomus Caroticum Demonstrated on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT
Authors: Selin Kesim, Feyza Sen, Nuh Filizoglu, Salih Ozguven, Tanju Yusuf Erdil
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

A 71-year-old man who was diagnosed with carotid body paraganglioma was referred to 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT for primary evaluation, which revealed unknown bony metastasis with intense 68 Ga-DOTATATE uptake. Head and neck paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors, with a 10% of malignancy rate, and identification of metastatic sites is important in staging and prognosis of the disease. We aimed to highlight the impact of 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT on patient management, especially for equivocal lesions, as in our case.
Phase II study of intrathecal administration of trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis
Authors: Florence Oberkampf, Maya Gutierrez, Olfa Trabelsi Grati, Émilie Le Rhun, Olivier Trédan, Isabelle Turbiez, Amir Kadi, Coraline Dubot, Sophie Taillibert, Sophie Vacher, Claire Bonneau
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract Background Patients with HER2-positive breast cancer (HER2 + BC) develop central nervous system metastases twice as often as patients with luminal HER2-negative breast cancer. Leptomeningeal progression results in a drastically altered prognosis with limited therapeutic options. This phase II study was conducted to assess the efficacy of intrathecal (IT) trastuzumab in HER2 + BC patients with leptomeningeal metastasis (LM), based on a phase I dose-escalation study that had determined the recommended weekly dose of 150 mg for phase II. Methods Eligible patients received weekly administrations of 150 mg of IT trastuzumab. The primary endpoint was clinical neurologic progression-free survival (LM-related-PFS) after 8 weeks. Overall survival (OS), toxicities, and quality of life (QoL) were secondary endpoints. Results Among the 19 enrolled patients, 16 (84%) had concomitant brain metastases, 15 of them had received prior radiotherapy to the brain. All patients had received at least one line of systemic anti-HER2 therapy. After 8 weeks, 14 patients (74%) were free of neurological progression. The median LM-related-PFS was 5.9 months and the median OS was 7.9 months. According to the QLQ-C30 and BN20 scales, the global health-related QoL status seemed preserved and no toxicity above grade 3 was observed. Conclusions Conducting studies on patients with LM poses significant challenges and ethical dilemmas inherent to this population. Despite some limits, this phase II study’s findings in terms of clinical neurologic response and QoL’s control confirms weekly administration of 150 mg of IT trastuzumab as a valuable option for HER + BC patients with LM and support the interest for further investigations.
DNA methylation subclasses predict the benefit from gross total tumor resection in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients
Authors: Richard Drexler, Ulrich Schüller, Alicia Eckhardt, Katharina Filipski, Tabea I Hartung, Patrick N Harter, Iris Divé, Marie-Therese Forster, Marcus Czabanka, Claudius Jelgersma, Julia Onken, Peter Vajkoczy, David Capper, Christin Siewert, Thomas Sauvigny, Katrin Lamszus, Manfred Westphal, Lasse Dührsen, Franz L Ricklefs
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

DNA methylation-based tumor classification allows an enhanced distinction into subgroups of glioblastoma. However, the clinical benefit of DNA methylation-based stratification of glioblastomas remains inconclusive.Multicentric cohort study including 430 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma subjected to global DNA methylation profiling. Outcome measures included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), prognostic relevance of EOR and MGMT promoter methylation status as well as a surgical benefit for recurrent glioblastoma.345 patients (80.2%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and 305 patients received combined adjuvant therapy. DNA methylation subclasses RTK I, RTK II, and mesenchymal (MES) revealed no significant survival differences (RTK I: Ref.; RTK II: HR 0.9 [95% CI, 0.64-1.28]; p = 0.56; MES: 0.69 [0.47-1.02]; p = 0.06). Patients with RTK I (GTR/near GTR: Ref.; PR: HR 2.87 [95% CI, 1.36-6.08]; p < 0.01) or RTK II (GTR/near GTR: Ref.; PR: HR 5.09 [95% CI, 2.80-9.26]; p < 0.01) tumors who underwent gross-total resection (GTR) or near GTR had a longer OS and PFS than partially resected patients. The MES subclass showed no survival benefit for a maximized EOR (GTR/near GTR: Ref.; PR: HR 1.45 [95% CI, 0.68-3.09]; p = 0.33). Therapy response predictive value of MGMT promoter methylation was evident for RTK I (HR 0.37 [95% CI, 0.19-0.71]; p < 0.01) and RTK II (HR 0.56 [95% CI, 0.34-0.91]; p = 0.02) but not the MES subclass (HR 0.52 [95% CI, 0.27-1.02]; p = 0.06). For local recurrence (n = 112), re-resection conveyed a progression-to-overall survival (POS) benefit (p < 0.01), which was evident in RTK I (p = 0.03) and RTK II (p < 0.01) tumors, but not in MES tumors (p = 0.33).We demonstrate a survival benefit from maximized EOR for newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastomas of the RTK I and RTK II but not the MES subclass. Hence, it needs to be debated whether the MES subclass should be treated with maximal surgical resection, especially when located in eloquent areas and at time of recurrence.
Influence of county-level geographic/ancestral origin on glioma incidence and outcomes in US Hispanics
Authors: Kyle M Walsh, Corey Neff, Melissa L Bondy, Carol Kruchko, Jason T Huse, Christopher I Amos, Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan, Quinn T Ostrom
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract Background Glioma incidence is 25% lower in Hispanics than White non-Hispanics. The US Hispanic population is diverse, and registry-based analyses may mask incidence differences associated with geographic/ancestral origins. Methods County-level glioma incidence data in Hispanics were retrieved from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States. American Community Survey data were used to determine the county-level proportion of the Hispanic population of Mexican/Central American and Caribbean origins. Age-adjusted incidence rate ratios and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) quantified the glioma incidence differences across groups. State-level estimates of admixture in Hispanics were obtained from published 23andMe data. Results Compared to predominantly Caribbean-origin counties, predominantly Mexican/Central American-origin counties had lower age-adjusted risks of glioma (IRR = 0.83; P &amp;lt; 0.0001), glioblastoma (IRR = 0.86; P &amp;lt; 0.0001), diffuse/anaplastic astrocytoma (IRR = 0.78; P &amp;lt; 0.0001), oligodendroglioma (IRR = 0.82; P &amp;lt; 0.0001), ependymoma (IRR = 0.88; P = 0.012), and pilocytic astrocytoma (IRR = 0.76; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Associations were consistent in children and adults and using more granular geographic regions. Despite having lower glioma incidence, Hispanic glioblastoma patients from predominantly Mexican/Central American-origin counties had poorer survival than Hispanics living in predominantly Caribbean-origin counties. Incidence and survival differences could be partially explained by state-level estimates of European admixture in Hispanics with European admixture associated with higher incidence and improved survival. Conclusions Glioma incidence and outcomes differ in association with the geographic origins of Hispanic communities, with counties of predominantly Mexican/Central American origin at significantly reduced risk and those of Caribbean origin at comparatively greater risk. Although typically classified as a single ethnic group, appreciating the cultural, socioeconomic, and genetic diversity of Hispanics can advance cancer disparities research.
Brain health for all on World Brain Day 2022
Authors: Tissa Wijeratne, Claudio L A Bassetti, Wolfgang Grisold, David Dodick, Guy Rouleau, Steven L Lewis, Richard Stark, Morris Freedman, Alla Guekht, Riadh Gouider, Marco T Medina, Chandrashekhar Meshram, Hamidon Basri, Augustina Charway-Felli, Maged Abdel Naseer
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2022)
Point-of-care HPV DNA testing of self-collected specimens and same-day thermal ablation for the early detection and treatment of cervical pre-cancer in women in Papua New Guinea: a prospective, single-arm intervention trial (HPV-STAT)
Authors: Andrew J B Vallely, Marion Saville, Steven G Badman, Josephine Gabuzzi, John Bolnga, Glen D L Mola, Joseph Kuk, Malts Wai, Gloria Munnull, Suzanne M Garland, Julia M L Brotherton, Angela Kelly-Hanku, Christopher Morgan, Pamela J Toliman, Zure Kombati, Grace Kariwiga, Delly Babona, Grace Tan, Kate T Simms, Alyssa M Cornall, Sepehr N Tabrizi, Handan Wand, Rebecca Guy, Karen Canfell, John M Kaldor
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2022)
A Manta Ray-Inspired Biosyncretic Robot with Stable Controllability by Dynamic Electric Stimulation
Authors: Chuang Zhang, Yiwei Zhang, Wenxue Wang, Ning Xi, Lianqing Liu
Journal: Cyborg and Bionic Systems (2022)

Biosyncretic robots, which are new nature-based robots in addition to bionic robots, that utilize biological materials to realize their core function, have been supposed to further promote the progress in robotics. Actuation as the main operation mechanism relates to the robotic overall performance. Therefore, biosyncretic robots actuated by living biological actuators have attracted increasing attention. However, innovative propelling modes and control methods are still necessary for the further development of controllable motion performance of biosyncretic robots. In this work, a muscle tissue-based biosyncretic swimmer with a manta ray-inspired propelling mode has been developed. What is more, to improve the stable controllability of the biosyncretic swimmer, a dynamic control method based on circularly distributed multiple electrodes (CDME) has been proposed. In this method, the direction of the electric field generated by the CDME could be real-time controlled to be parallel with the actuation tissue of the dynamic swimmer. Therefore, the instability of the tissue actuation induced by the dynamic included angle between the tissue axis and electric field direction could be eliminated. Finally, the biosyncretic robot has demonstrated stable, controllable, and effective swimming, by adjusting the electric stimulation pulse direction, amplitude, and frequency. This work may be beneficial for not only the development of biosyncretic robots but also other related studies including bionic design of soft robots and muscle tissue engineering.
Transvenous Right Greater Splanchnic Nerve Ablation in Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Marat Fudim, Teona Zirakashvili, Nikoloz Shaburishvili, Giorgi Shaishmelashvili, Horst Sievert, Kolja Sievert, Vivek Y. Reddy, Zoar J. Engelman, Daniel Burkhoff, Tamaz Shaburishvili, Sanjiv J. Shah
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2022)

Ablation of the right-sided greater splanchnic nerve (GSN) can reduce excessive splanchnic vasoconstriction, potentially improving the handling of volume shifts in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).The purpose of this study was to assess a novel catheter procedure of right-sided GSN ablation to treat HFpEF: splanchnic ablation for volume management.This trial included 11 HFpEF patients (8 women, age 70 ± 8 years) with New York Heart Association functional class II or III symptoms, ejection fraction ≥50%, and elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at rest or with exercise. After splanchnic ablation for volume management, follow-up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months included 6-minute walk test, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), and echocardiography.There were no device-related adverse cardiac events or clinical sequelae following right GSN ablation through 12 months. Patients experienced clinical improvements by 1 month that were sustained through 12 months. KCCQ score improved from baseline median 48 (IQR: 35-52) to 65 (IQR: 58-77) at 1 month and 80 (IQR: 77-88) at 12 months (P &lt; 0.05). The 6-minute walk test distance increased from baseline 292 ± 82 m to 341 ± 88 m at 1 month and 359 ± 75 m at 12 months (P &lt; 0.05). The NT-proBNP decreased from a baseline mean of 1,292 ± 1,186 pg/mL to 1,202 ± 797 pg/mL (P = 0.585) at 1 month, to 472 ± 226 pg/mL (P = 0.028) at 6 months, and to 379 ± 165 pg/mL (P = 0.039) at 12 months.In this open-label, single-arm feasibility study, right-sided GSN ablation was safe and improved mostly subjective clinical metrics in patients with HFpEF over 12 months. (Endovascular GSN Ablation in Subjects With HFpEF; NCT04287946).
Sequential Evaluation of NT-proBNP in Heart Failure
Authors: Paul W. Armstrong, Yinggan Zheng, Richard W. Troughton, Lars H. Lund, Jian Zhang, Carolyn S.P. Lam, Cynthia M. Westerhout, Robert O. Blaustein, Javed Butler, Adrian F. Hernandez, Lothar Roessig, Christopher M. O’Connor, Adrian A. Voors, Justin A. Ezekowitz
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2022)
Chloride channels in the lung: Challenges and perspectives for viral infections, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and cystic fibrosis
Authors: Madhushri Sinha, Diana Zabini, Divya Guntur, Chandran Nagaraj, Peter Enyedi, Horst Olschewski, Wolfgang M. Kuebler, Andrea Olschewski
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2022)

Fine control over chloride homeostasis in the lung is required to maintain membrane excitability, transepithelial transport as well as intra- and extracellular ion and water homeostasis. Over the last decades, a growing number of chloride channels and transporters have been identified in the cells of the pulmonary vasculature and the respiratory tract. The importance of these proteins is underpinned by the fact that impairment of their physiological function is associated with functional dysregulation, structural remodeling, or hereditary diseases of the lung. This paper reviews the field of chloride channels and transporters in the lung and discusses chloride channels in disease processes such as viral infections including SARS-CoV- 2, pulmonary arterial hypertension, cystic fibrosis and asthma. Although chloride channels have become a hot research topic in recent years, remarkably few of them have been targeted by pharmacological agents. As such, we complement the putative pathophysiological role of chloride channels here with a summary of their therapeutic potential.
Microorganisms in patients with acute respiratory tract infections in Bamako, Mali
Authors: Zichun Xiang, Abdoul Karim Sangaré, Xinming Wang, Yan Xiao, Bourama Kané, Ibrahima Cissé, Mody Camara, Bréhima Traore, Ambrasse Dembele, Ying Wang, Judicael Ouedraogo, Lassina G. Timbine, Souleymane Diallo, Florence Komurian-Pradel, Ogobara K Doumbo, Lili Ren, Bourema Kouriba, Jianwei Wang
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Periodontal Status, C-Reactive Protein, NT-proBNP, and Incident Heart Failure
Authors: Rebecca L. Molinsky, Melana Yuzefpolskaya, Faye L. Norby, Bing Yu, Amil M. Shah, James S. Pankow, Chiadi E. Ndumele, Pamela L. Lutsey, Panos N. Papapanou, James D. Beck, Paolo C. Colombo, Ryan T. Demmer
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2022)
Updated analysis from the ATEZO-BRAIN trial: Atezolizumab plus carboplatin and pemetrexed in patients with advanced nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer with untreated brain metastases.
Authors: Ernest Nadal, Delvys Rodriguez-Abreu, Bartomeu Massuti, Oscar Juan-Vidal, Gerardo Huidobro Vence, Rafael Lopez, Javier de Castro Carpeño, Anna Estival, Rosario Garcia Campelo, Ivana Sullivan, Enriqueta Felip, Ana Blasco, Maria Guirado, Noelia Vilarino, Marta Simo, Marta Sanahuja, Anna Hernandez, Valentin Navarro, Jordi Bruna
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

9010 Background: Atezolizumab plus chemotherapy was safe and yielded promising clinical outcome as frontline therapy for patients (pts) with advanced NSCLC with untreated brain metastases (BM) in the ATEZO-BRAIN study (NCT03526900). Methods: A multicenter single-arm phase II trial with a Bayesian design for evaluating the safety and efficacy of atezolizumab plus carboplatin with pemetrexed every 3 weeks for 4-6 cycles, followed by maintenance with pemetrexed plus atezolizumab in pts with stage IV non-squamous NSCLC without EGFR or ALK genetic alterations and untreated BM. Pts not presented neurologic symptoms at baseline; but anticonvulsants and dexamethasone (DXM) ≤ 4mg qd were allowed. Co-primary endpoints were safety and investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) at 12 weeks according to RANO-BM and RECIST v1.1 for brain and systemic disease, respectively. Here we present the final data and an exploratory analysis based on PD-L1 expression and corticosteroid treatment at baseline. Results: Out of 40 pts included in the study, 22 (55%) were receiving DXM at baseline and 20 (50%) had positive expression of PD-L1. Sixteen (40%) pts had confirmed intracranial response based on RANO-BM (12 PR, 4 CR) and 19 (47.5%) pts achieved systemic response (all PR). Only 4 pts had discordant responses between the body and the brain. No differences were observed in the overall systemic and intracranial response rate according to the PD-L1 expression or the use of corticosteroids at baseline. As of December 31, 2021 (median follow-up, 20 months), the updated median (95% CI) systemic PFS was 8.9 (6.7 to 13.8) and intracranial PFS was 6.9 (4.7 to 11.9). Median (95% CI) OS was 13.6 (9.72 to not reached) and estimated 2-year OS rate (95% CI) was 30.5% (18.4 to 50.4). Median (95%CI) OS was longer for PD-L1 positive pts (16.2; 10.3 to not reached) compared to PD-L1 negative pts (10.7; 7.6 to not reached) but differences were not statistically significant due to the limited statistical power (HR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.35 to 2.12). No significant differences in OS were observed between pts receiving or not baseline DXM treatment. Treatment was well tolerated and no grade 5 toxicities were observed. Conclusions: In this updated analysis, treatment with atezolizumab plus carboplatin and pemetrexed yields a promising 2-year OS rate and intracranial response rate in patients with untreated BM from NSCLC, regardless of treatment with corticosteroids at baseline and PD-L1 expression. Clinical trial information: NCT03526900.