P471: POLO-LIKE KINASE 4 INHIBITION INDUCED ANTI-LEUKAEMIC EFFECTS THROUGH HISTONE MODIFICATION IN TP53 MUTATED ACUTE MYELOID LEUKAEMIA
Authors: Wing Lam, Kenny Dang, Cheuk Him Man, Xiao-Yuan Zeng, Lichuan Zheng, Nelson Ka-Lam Ng, Koon-Chuen Chan, Tsz-Ho Kwok, Timothy Chi-Chun Ng, Wing-Yan Leung, Michael Shing-Yan Huen, Carmen Chak-Lui Wong, Chi Wai Eric So, Zhixun Dou, Mark Robert Bray, Tak Mak, Anskar Yh Leung
Journal: HemaSphere (2023)

Background: Current treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) entails intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. However, these approaches have not been effective in patients with TP53 mutated AML and their 5-year overall survival was less than 10%. In silico analysis showed that Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) was among the 45 functional and druggable genes that were preferentially expressed in this AML subtype. We reported therein the therapeutic mechanisms of PLK4 inhibition and its hitherto undescribed effects on epigenetic regulation of leukaemogenesis. Aims: To understand the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of PLK4 inhibition in AML. Methods: PLK4 inhibition or gene knockout has been shown to suppress leukaemia growth in TP53 mutated AML both in vitro and in vivo. To examine the therapeutic mechanisms, transcriptome analyses were performed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by PLK4 inhibitor CFI-400945 were examined in TP53 mutated AML cell line (KO52). To circumvent the confounding effects of PLK4 inhibition on ploidy, leukemia cells were purified based on the ploidy status (2N and 4N) before RNA-Seq. Molecular and cellular effects of CFI-400945 were subsequently investigated. Results: A total of 937 and 564 DEGs were identified when 2N and 4N cells in CFI-400945 treated cells and vehicle controls were compared. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that genes associated with histone methylation, including H3K27me3 and polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2 complex), were negatively enriched upon CFI-400945 treatment. A comparison of our transcriptome data with public datasets (GSE142764 and GSE132407) showed that the DEGs upon PLK4 inhibition were significantly correlated with those genes perturbed by protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) inhibition. CFI-400945 increased global H3K27me3 expression in both 2N and 4N populations. PLK4 was found to bind with PRMT5 as shown by co-immunoprecipitation and its inhibition significantly suppressed PRMT5 phosphorylation. PRMT5 inhibition induced global increases in O-GlcNAcylation and protein expression of EZH2, a subunit of PRC2, and the responses were reduced by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) inhibitor (OGTi). To examine the relevance of histone modification in gene expression in AML, we selected a panel of genes that possessed H3K27me3 mark in their promoters and were reported to play key roles in leukemogenesis including leukemic stem cell signature, apoptosis, DNA damage, cellular proliferation, and immune surveillance, for further examination. Inhibition of OGT and PRC2 by OGTi and A395/EED226 ameliorated the downregulation of these genes caused by CFI-400945. H3K27me3 chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) PCR targeting their promoter regions showed that PLK4 inhibition induced increase in H3K27me3 enrichment, which was also ameliorated by PRC2 or OGT inhibition. Furthermore, increased DNA damage, apoptosis induction and proliferation suppression upon PLK4 or PRMT5 inhibition were ameliorated by PRC2 inhibitor. Summary/Conclusion: The observations supported a novel PLK4/PRMT5/EZH2/H3K27me3 axis that might account for the anti-leukemic effects of PLK4 inhibition on TP53 mutated AML. Acknowledgements: This research was supported by Health@InnoHK, Innovation and Technology Commission of the HKSAR, Theme-based Research Scheme (T12-702/20-N), HMRF (08191906), Li Shu Fan Medical Foundation, Ying Wan Leung Research Fund and Collaborative Research Fund (C7028-19G), and Tang King Ying Research Fund. Keywords: Acute myeloid leukemia, TP53, Epigenetic