tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mucus Plugs and Mortality in Patients With COPD
Authors: Nin-Chieh Hsu, Hugo You-Hsien Lin, Chia-Hao Hsu
Journal: JAMA (2023)

To the Editor We have some concerns about the recent study1 that found a positive association between mucus plugs obstructing medium to large airways on chest computed tomographic (CT) scans and all-cause mortality, even after adjusting for clinical covariates.
Temporal Trends in Childhood Household Income Among Medical School Applicants and Matriculants—Reply
Authors: Mytien Nguyen, Tonya L. Fancher, Dowin Boatright
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Opioid Use Disorder Treatment for Patients Who Are Incarcerated—Reply
Authors: Anna-Maria South, Michelle Lofwall, Laura Fanucchi
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intratumoral Delivery of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Targeting CD133 Effectively Treats Brain Metastases
Authors: Agata M. Kieliszek, Daniel Mobilio, Deepak Upreti, Darin Bloemberg, Laura Escudero, Jacek M. Kwiecien, Zahra Alizada, Kui Zhai, Patrick Ang, Shawn C. Chafe, Parvez Vora, Chitra Venugopal, Sheila K. Singh
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

Brain metastases (BM) are mainly treated palliatively with an expected survival of less than 12 months after diagnosis. In many solid tumors, the human neural stem cell marker glycoprotein CD133 is a marker of a tumor-initiating cell population that contributes to therapy resistance, relapse, and metastasis.
American Pediatrics
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Central Adiposity Increases Risk of Kidney Stone Disease through Effects on Serum Calcium Concentrations
Authors: Catherine E. Lovegrove, Jelena Bešević, Akira Wiberg, Ben Lacey, Thomas J. Littlejohns, Naomi E. Allen, Michelle Goldsworthy, Jihye Kim, Fadil M. Hannan, Gary C. Curhan, Ben W. Turney, Mark I. McCarthy, Anubha Mahajan, Rajesh V. Thakker, Michael V. Holmes, Dominic Furniss, Sarah A. Howles
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2023)

Significance Statement Kidney stone disease is a common disorder with poorly understood pathophysiology. Observational and genetic studies indicate that adiposity is associated with an increased risk of kidney stone disease. However, the relative contribution of general and central adipose depots and the mechanisms by which effects of adiposity on kidney stone disease are mediated have not been defined. Using conventional and genetic epidemiological techniques, we demonstrate that general and central adiposity are independently associated with kidney stone disease. In addition, one mechanism by which central adiposity increases risk of kidney stone disease is by increasing serum calcium concentration. Therapies targeting adipose depots may affect calcium homeostasis and help to prevent kidney stone disease. Background Kidney stone disease affects approximately 10% of individuals in their lifetime and is frequently recurrent. The disease is linked to obesity, but the mechanisms mediating this association are uncertain. Methods Associations of adiposity and incident kidney stone disease were assessed in the UK Biobank over a mean of 11.6 years/person. Genome-wide association studies and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were undertaken in the UK Biobank, FinnGen, and in meta-analyzed cohorts to identify factors that affect kidney stone disease risk. Results Observational analyses on UK Biobank data demonstrated that increasing central and general adiposity is independently associated with incident kidney stone formation. Multivariable MR, using meta-analyzed UK Biobank and FinnGen data, established that risk of kidney stone disease increases by approximately 21% per one standard deviation increase in body mass index (BMI, a marker of general adiposity) independent of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, a marker of central adiposity) and approximately 24% per one standard deviation increase of WHR independent of BMI. Genetic analyses indicate that higher WHR, but not higher BMI, increases risk of kidney stone disease by elevating adjusted serum calcium concentrations (β=0.12 mmol/L); WHR mediates 12%–15% of its effect on kidney stone risk in this way. Conclusions Our study indicates that visceral adipose depots elevate serum calcium concentrations, resulting in increased risk of kidney stone disease. These findings highlight the importance of weight loss in individuals with recurrent kidney stones and suggest that therapies targeting adipose depots may affect calcium homeostasis and contribute to prevention of kidney stone disease.
Adherence to CPAP Treatment and the Risk of Recurrent Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Manuel Sánchez-de-la-Torre, Esther Gracia-Lavedan, Ivan D. Benitez, Alicia Sánchez-de-la-Torre, Anna Moncusí-Moix, Gerard Torres, Kelly Loffler, Richard Woodman, Robert Adams, Gonzalo Labarca, Jorge Dreyse, Christine Eulenburg, Erik Thunström, Helena Glantz, Yüksel Peker, Craig Anderson, Doug McEvoy, Ferran Barbé
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Importance The effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on secondary cardiovascular disease prevention is highly debated. Objective To assess the effect of CPAP treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in randomized clinical trials. Data Sources PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Current Controlled Trials: metaRegister of Controlled Trials, ISRCTN Registry, European Union clinical trials database, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were systematically searched through June 22, 2023. Study Selection For qualitative and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis, randomized clinical trials addressing the therapeutic effect of CPAP on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in adults with cardiovascular disease and OSA were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two reviewers independently screened records, evaluated potentially eligible primary studies in full text, extracted data, and cross-checked errors. IPD were requested from authors of the selected studies (SAVE [ NCT00738179 ], ISAACC [ NCT01335087 ], and RICCADSA [ NCT00519597 ]). Main Outcomes and Measures One-stage and 2-stage IPD meta-analyses were completed to estimate the effect of CPAP treatment on risk of recurrent major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) using mixed-effect Cox regression models. Additionally, an on-treatment analysis with marginal structural Cox models using inverse probability of treatment weighting was fitted to assess the effect of good adherence to CPAP (≥4 hours per day). Results A total of 4186 individual participants were evaluated (82.1% men; mean [SD] body mass index, 28.9 [4.5]; mean [SD] age, 61.2 [8.7] years; mean [SD] apnea-hypopnea index, 31.2 [17] events per hour; 71% with hypertension; 50.1% receiving CPAP [mean {SD} adherence, 3.1 {2.4} hours per day]; 49.9% not receiving CPAP [usual care], mean [SD] follow-up, 3.25 [1.8] years). The main outcome was defined as the first MACCE, which was similar for the CPAP and no CPAP groups (hazard ratio, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.87-1.17]). However, an on-treatment analysis by marginal structural model revealed a reduced risk of MACCEs associated with good adherence to CPAP (hazard ratio, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.52-0.92]). Conclusions and Relevance Adherence to CPAP was associated with a reduced MACCE recurrence risk, suggesting that treatment adherence is a key factor in secondary cardiovascular prevention in patients with OSA.
Mucus Plugs and Mortality in Patients With COPD—Reply
Authors: Alejandro A. Diaz, George R. Washko, Raul San José Estépar
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Temporal Trends in Childhood Household Income Among Medical School Applicants and Matriculants
Authors: Tricia Rae Pendergrast, Regina Royan, Vineet M. Arora
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Utilization and Spending on Mental Health Services Among Children and Youths With Commercial Insurance
Authors: Mariah M. Kalmin, Jonathan H. Cantor, Dena M. Bravata, Pen-Che Ho, Christopher Whaley, Ryan K. McBain
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

This cross-sectional study examines telehealth, in-person, and overall pediatric mental health service utilization and spending rates from January 2019 through August 2022 among a US pediatric population with commercial insurance.
Lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles: a custom-tailored next-generation approach for cancer therapeutics
Authors: Kavita R. Gajbhiye, Rajesh Salve, Mahavir Narwade, Afsana Sheikh, Prashant Kesharwani, Virendra Gajbhiye
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2023)

Lipid-based polymeric nanoparticles are the highly popular carrier systems for cancer drug therapy. But presently, detailed investigations have revealed their flaws as drug delivery carriers. Lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) are advanced core-shell nanoconstructs with a polymeric core region enclosed by a lipidic layer, presumed to be derived from both liposomes and polymeric nanounits. This unique concept is of utmost importance as a combinable drug delivery platform in oncology due to its dual structured character. To add advantage and restrict one's limitation by other, LPHNPs have been designed so to gain number of advantages such as stability, high loading of cargo, increased biocompatibility, rate-limiting controlled release, and elevated drug half-lives as well as therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing their drawbacks. The outer shell, in particular, can be functionalized in a variety of ways with stimuli-responsive moieties and ligands to provide intelligent holding and for active targeting of antineoplastic medicines, transport of genes, and theragnostic. This review comprehensively provides insight into recent substantial advancements in developing strategies for treating various cancer using LPHNPs. The bioactivity assessment factors have also been highlighted with a discussion of LPHNPs future clinical prospects.
Tirzepatide vs Insulin Lispro Added to Basal Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Julio Rosenstock, Juan P. Frías, Helena W. Rodbard, Santiago Tofé, Emmalee Sears, Ruth Huh, Laura Fernández Landó, Hiren Patel
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Importance Tirzepatide is a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Efficacy and safety of adding tirzepatide vs prandial insulin to treatment in patients with inadequate glycemic control with basal insulin have not been described. Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide vs insulin lispro as an adjunctive therapy to insulin glargine. Design, Setting, and Participants This open-label, phase 3b clinical trial was conducted at 135 sites in 15 countries (participants enrolled from October 19, 2020, to November 1, 2022) in 1428 adults with type 2 diabetes taking basal insulin. Interventions Participants were randomized (in a 1:1:1:3 ratio) to receive once-weekly subcutaneous injections of tirzepatide (5 mg [n = 243], 10 mg [n = 238], or 15 mg [n = 236]) or prandial thrice-daily insulin lispro (n = 708). Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes included noninferiority of tirzepatide (pooled cohort) vs insulin lispro, both in addition to insulin glargine, in HbA 1c change from baseline at week 52 (noninferiority margin, 0.3%). Key secondary end points included change in body weight and percentage of participants achieving hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c ) target of less than 7.0%. Results Among 1428 randomized participants (824 [57.7%] women; mean [SD] age, 58.8 [9.7] years; mean [SD] HbA 1c , 8.8% [1.0%]), 1304 (91.3%) completed the trial. At week 52, estimated mean change from baseline in HbA 1c with tirzepatide (pooled cohort) was −2.1% vs −1.1% with insulin lispro, resulting in mean HbA 1c levels of 6.7% vs 7.7% (estimated treatment difference, −0.98% [95% CI, −1.17% to −0.79%]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001); results met noninferiority criteria and statistical superiority was achieved. Estimated mean change from baseline in body weight was −9.0 kg with tirzepatide and 3.2 kg with insulin lispro (estimated treatment difference, −12.2 kg [95% CI, −13.4 to −10.9]). The percentage of participants reaching HbA 1c less than 7.0% was 68% (483 of 716) with tirzepatide and 36% (256 of 708) with insulin lispro (odds ratio, 4.2 [95% CI, 3.2-5.5]). The most common adverse events with tirzepatide were mild to moderate gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea: 14%-26%; diarrhea: 11%-15%; vomiting: 5%-13%). Hypoglycemia event rates (blood glucose level &amp;amp;lt;54 mg/dL or severe hypoglycemia) were 0.4 events per patient-year with tirzepatide (pooled) and 4.4 events per patient-year with insulin lispro. Conclusions and Relevance In people with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin, weekly tirzepatide compared with prandial insulin as an additional treatment with insulin glargine demonstrated reductions in HbA 1c and body weight with less hypoglycemia. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04537923
A Smart Stimulation–Deadhesion and Antimicrobial Hydrogel for Repairing Diabetic Wounds Infected with Methicillin‐Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
Authors: Zhongwu Bei, Linghong Zhang, Jianan Li, Qi Tong, Kun Shi, Wen Chen, Yan Yu, Ao Sun, Yang Xu, Jie Liu, Zhiyong Qian
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract The healing of chronic diabetic wounds is a common and significant challenge in the medical field. Despite extensive efforts, the development of hydrogel dressings with satisfactory functionality remains an ongoing concern. In this study, a multifunctional hydrogel wound dressing (PAN/Ag‐PLG) with adhesion, antibacterial, hemostatic, and other properties, which can effectively repair diabetic wounds infected with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is presented. The hydrogel dressing is composed of gallic acid (GA)‐functionalized polylysine (PL)‐reduced silver nanoparticles (Ag‐PLG), oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA), and cross‐linked polyacrylic acid grafted with N ‐hydrosuccinimide ester. Notably, compared to most conventional wound dressing that lack adhesion or are difficult to remove, the prepared hydrogels exhibit excellent adhesion and mild stimulation‐triggered detachment. In vitro and in vivo experiments reveal that the PAN/Ag‐PLG hydrogel exhibits outstanding biocompatibility and antibacterial properties and promotes diabetic wound repair by reducing oxidative damage and promoting cell migration and angiogenesis. The smart PAN/Ag‐PLG hydrogel reported in this study provides an approach for the potential clinical development of painless antibacterial dressings.
Role of Community Health Workers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Sundeep Salvi, Deesha Ghorpade
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

"Role of Community Health Workers (CHWs) in COPD Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs)." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
Error in Figure 2
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Danielle R. Fine, MD, MSc; Kirsten A. Dickins, PhD, AM, FNP-C; Logan D. Adams, MD; Nora K. Horick, MS; Natalia Critchley, BS; Katherine Hart, BS; Jessie M. Gaeta, MD; Elizabeth Lewis, MBA; Sara E. Looby, PhD, ANP-BC; Travis P. Baggett, MD, MPH
Atherosclerosis Progression in the <scp>APPLE</scp> Trial Can Be Predicted in Young People With <scp>Juvenile‐Onset</scp> Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Using a Novel Lipid Metabolomic Signature
Authors: Junjie Peng, Pierre Dönnes, Stacy P. Ardoin, Laura E. Schanberg, Laura Lewandowski, George Robinson, Elizabeth C. Jury, Coziana Ciurtin
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2023)

Objective Patients with juvenile‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) have increased atherosclerosis risk. This study investigated novel atherosclerosis progression biomarkers in the Atherosclerosis Prevention in Pediatric Lupus Erythematosus (APPLE) trial, the largest investigator‐led randomized control trial of atorvastatin versus placebo for atherosclerosis progression in JSLE, using carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) as the primary outcome. Methods Unsupervised clustering of baseline CIMT and CIMT progression over 36 months was used to stratify patients with JSLE. Disease characteristics, cardiovascular risk scores, and baseline serum metabolome were investigated in CIMT‐stratified patients. Machine learning techniques were used to identify and validate a serum metabolomic signature of CIMT progression. Results Baseline CIMT stratified patients with JSLE (N = 151) into three groups with distinct high, intermediate, and low CIMT trajectories irrespective of treatment allocation, despite most patients having low cardiovascular disease risk based on recommended assessment criteria. In the placebo group (n = 60), patients with high versus low CIMT progression had higher total ( P = 0.001) and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) ( P = 0.002) cholesterol levels, although within the reference range. Furthermore, a robust baseline metabolomic signature predictive of high CIMT progression was identified in the placebo arm (area under the curve, 80.7%). Patients treated with atorvastatin (n = 61) had reduced LDL cholesterol levels after 36 months, as expected; however, despite this, 36% still had high atherosclerosis progression, which was not predicted by metabolomic biomarkers, suggesting nonlipid drivers of atherosclerosis in JSLE with management implications for this subset of patients. Conclusion Significant baseline heterogeneity and distinct subclinical atherosclerosis progression trajectories exist in JSLE. Metabolomic signatures can predict atherosclerosis progression in some patients with JSLE with relevance for clinical trial stratification. image