tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ophthalmology
Authors: Frederick C. Blodi
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Blood Thinner Use in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Summaries for Patients21 December 1999Blood Thinner Use in Patients with Atrial FibrillationSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-12-199912210-00025 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Atrial fibrillation is a kind of irregular heart rhythm. People with atrial fibrillation sometimes develop blood clots in their hearts. This may lead to stroke if pieces of the clot break off and travel from the heart to the brain. Warfarin (Coumadin) is a medicine that makes the blood take longer to clot; it can prevent stroke in many people with atrial fibrillation. Nevertheless, doctors are sometimes reluctant to prescribe warfarin and patients may be reluctant to take the drug, partly because taking warfarin can lead to bleeding ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Warfarin Use among Ambulatory Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: The AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study.” It is in the 12 December 1999 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 131, pages 927-934). The authors are A.S. Go, E.M. Hylek, L.H. Borowsky, K.A. Phillips, J.V. Selby, and D.E. Singer.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoWarfarin Use among Ambulatory Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: The AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study Alan S. Go , Elaine M. Hylek , Leila H. Borowsky , Kathleen A. Phillips , Joe V. Selby , and Daniel E. Singer Metrics Cited byDiabetes mellitus and stroke: A clinical update 21 December 1999Volume 131, Issue 12Page: 927KeywordsAtrial fibrillationBrainComputersDrugsHealth maintenance organizationsHeartHemorrhageMedical risk factorsStrokeThrombosis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 21 December 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Using the Micronucleus Assay to Detect Genotoxic Effects of Metal Ions
Authors: J. Berces, M. Otos, S. Szirmai, C. Crane-Uruena, G. J. Koteles
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

The lymphocyte micronucleus assay was used to measure the average frequency of micronuclei in a popula- tion and thus assess genotoxic effects.Data from 174 persons glve aniaverage value of 16.4 + 7.3, and a slight age-dependence was observed.To detect combined environmental mutagen injuries the micronucleus assay was used to study the effects of metal compounds.Cadmium ions increased the micronucleus frequency linearly after incubation with whole blood in vitro with 106-6_10 3M concentrations for 30 min.Similarly, a linear increase in micronucleus frequency was detected with 10-3-101 M mercury ions.Concerning the biological effect of selenium, it was found that neither sodium selenite nor selenium dioxide induced increases at concentrations of 10 -7_1o -6M; 10 -5 M caused a slight increase; 10-4 M, however, destroyed the cells.These results suggest that the human lymphocyte micronucleus test can be used to assess genotoxic injuries due to environmental effects in human lymphocytes.
Phenyl N-Tert-Butylnitrone (PBN) Protects Syngeneic Marrow Transplant Recipients from the Lethal Cytokine Syndrome Occurring after Agonistic CD40 Antibody Administration.
Authors: William R. Drobyski, Nadine Halligan, Richard Komorowski, Brent Logan, William J. Murphy, Bruce Blazar, Kirkwood Pritchard, Maria Gendelman
Journal: Blood (2004)
JAMA Pediatrics
Authors: Phil Fontanarosa, Annette Flanagin, Brenda Gregoline, Tracy Frey, Shannon Sparenga, Miriam Cintron, Paul Ruich, Suzanne Walker, Diane Cannon, Connie Manno, Fred Marshall, Catherine Copyreaders, Stephanie Alden, Jan Beckmeyer, Mary Clavey, Paula Coerver-Connolly, Laura Glitman, Kenneth King, Donna Lane, Caroline Thordsen, Wanda Assistant, Larry Bryant, Monica Mungle, Elaine Williams, Kathryn Brokke, Fanny Brown, Paul Frank, Lenette Gardner-Gullens, Peter Kim, Rachell Lozano, Michaela Mark, Elizabeth Scientifi, Michael Berkwits, Michelle Kurzynski, Eric Butkus, Will English, Mustafa Ishaq, Daniel Morrow, Reuben Rios, Ronna Henry, Joshua Bird, Karen Bucher, Samantha Welker, David Song, Deputy Livingston, Thomas Cole, Marla Hall, Deanna Willis, Yolanda Davis, Joseph Thornton, Preeti Malani, Deanna Bellandi, Jim Periodical, Thomas Easley Vice, Brian Shields, Monica Smith, Jeff Ery, J Bonistalli Manager, Kathy Russell, Mirna Monal, Tim Melroy, Marketing Thornbury, Tricia Classifi, Thalia Moss, Mike Harvey, Susan Henning, Saskia Bolore, Gretchen Linder, Brian Mccartney, David Baum, Rebecca Haas, Christine Hearne, Natasha Nekola, Ron Thomas, Paul Gee, Matt Herron, Elizabeth Solaro, Geoff Rey, Rick Bell, Lindsay Dawson, Craig Mccaff Rey, Michael Mcgraw, Romando Rossini, Stacy Staff, Millette Jackson-Bates, Karen Adams-Taylor, Karl Elvin, Jaye Mize, Sean O'donnell, Sue Managers, David Antos, Chris Borden, Debbie Camp, Lydia Cruz, Scott Curl, Diane Darnell, Colleen Kelly, Chris Meyer, Annemarie Neff, J Neff, Sean Ohlson, Phil O'leary, Bill Pedone, Susan Price, Denise Steinhauser, Joe Advertising, Production Services, Kim Boler, Rhonda Brown, Daniel Degroot, Jordynn Farrar, Euwanaha Joiner-Smith, Cindy Rendlen, Ellen Yoshihara, Circulation Services, Julie Burton, Dexter Golden, Erin Hinchcliff, Noemi Rivera, Geneine Van, Someren Composition, New Media, Gail Barrett, Regina Brownlee, Amanda Camino, Brenda Chandler-Grayer, Emily Dunn, Amy Evers, Teri Hutchison, Mary Kuranda, Joshua Lampinen, Nathan Mitre, Patricia Panek, La Son, Diggs Sledge, George Thomson Graphics, Joe Amft, Maria Duda, Fred Furtner, Carolyn Hall, Maria Kowalkowski, Proofreading Carol, Joy Farrell, Daniel James, Judith Literskis, Teresa Omiotek, Michael Ryder, James Madara, Bernard Hengesbaugh, Dimitri Christakis, Washington Joff, Ron Keren, Debra Palazzi, Suzanne Shuey, Samir Shah, Howard Bauchner, Frederick Rivara, Joyce Lee, Ann Arbor, Jay Berry, Cherrie Boyer, San Francisco, Maria Britto, John Campo, Aaron Carroll, Indiana Frank, Joseph Chaloupka, Mitchell Cohen, Sandra Friedman, Kathleen Colorado, Iowa Janz, Terry City, Joyce Klassen, Ann Lee, Michigan Arbor, Huckaby Michelle, Aaron Lewis, Shawn Milstone, Samir Rangel, Martha Shah, Jean-Claude Carel, Shabir Madhi, Ben Marais, Frank Oberklaid, Susan Sawyer, Joan-Carles Surís
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)
PTU-081 Faecal Calprotectin And Ileal Crohn’s Disease: Correlation With A Small Bowel Mri Score For Disease Activity
Authors: F Fascì-Spurio, NA Kennedy, L Wong, P MacLean, J Satsangi, S Glancy, CW Lees
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Small bowel MRI (SBMRI) is the current standard for assessing ileal inflammation in Crohn’s disease. Faecal calprotectin (FC) is closely correlated with colonic inflammation, but is thought to be of less utility in ileal disease. Interpretation of existing data linking FC with SBMRI findings have been confounded by the presence of colonic inflammation. We therefore aimed to ascertain how FC best reflects MRI findings exclusively in the small bowel. <h3>Methods</h3> 150 SBMRI studies with matched FC results (±30 days) were identified from the Edinburgh FC Register (2008–12; n = 18,138). Scans were entered into an anonymous ‘teaching’ list on PACS and each re-read independently by 2 expert GI radiologists blind to all clinical and lab data. Technical, quality and disease parameters were recorded onto standard proformas. Scans rated by one or other radiologist as being of poor quality were excluded (n = 31/150). 7/13 disease parameters were excluded due to poor interobserver variability (Cohen’s kappa &lt;0.5). A 6 item simple MRI score (range 0–10) was derived from assessment of the worst segment (bowel wall thickness, oedema, and relative enhancement, mesenteric oedema and pre-stenotic dilatation) plus total disease extent (overall kappa = 0.85). For comparisons with FC, studies where the radiologists reported upper GI or colonic inflammation were excluded (27/119). <h3>Results</h3> 150 SBMRI scans were re-evaluated from 123 patients with purely ileal Crohn’s (Montreal L1, n = 109; L3 + previous panproctocolectomy, n = 14; 65% female; median age at MRI 45 years (IQR 32–56); median follow-up 34 months (IQR 25–44). The median (IQR) FC was 80 μg/g (20–142) where SBMRI demonstrated no active ileal disease (simple MRI score = 0, n = 38), 198 μg/g (120–444) for mild to moderate (1–6, n = 30) and 398 μ/g (168–771) for severe disease (&gt;6, n = 24) (p &lt; 0.001). ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.81 (0.72–0.90) for FC which was significantly higher than for CRP (0.65 [0.53–0.77], p = 0.020) (Figure 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> FC correlates closely with SBMRI findings in ileal Crohn’s disease and outperforms other laboratory tests. In future, following validation, we will derive clinical useful MRI and FC cut-offs that predicate on important patient outcomes. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Abstract 5203: Segregating activities of the estrogen receptor in gene regulation
Authors: Mei Yang, Zhao Zhang, Kexin Xu
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Upon stimulation with its ligand estradiol (E2), the estrogen receptor (ER) obviously can induce both transcriptional activation and repression in breast cancer cells. Although the mechanism of gene activation has been extensively scrutinized, how ER targets are turned off is generally overlooked. Some theories have been proposed to explain the trans-suppression process, such as engagement of corepressors, physiological squelch of coactivators, or decommission of RNA Polymerase II, etc. However, none of these models really elucidate the intrinsic and external factors that segregate ER activities in transcriptional regulation. In this study, we identified a functional domain of ER, which is specifically required for E2-mediated gene repression. While the DNA-binding domain (DBD) was essential for the overall response to E2, deletion of AF2 fragment at C-terminus of ER specifically reverted the E2-repressed transcriptional program into E2-activated one. We further demonstrated that RNAs transcribed from these E2-repressed enhancers (eRNAs) act as the exterior determinants of ER activity in gene repression. In addition to stabilizing promoter-enhancer looping structure, these eRNAs recruit ER to particular chromatin loci, and facilitate the hierarchical formation of a functional complex responsible for transcriptional repression. Thus, our findings suggest that by targeting distinct functional domains of ER, we may be able to reprogram expression of a specific subset of ER targets, which play critical roles in conferring malignant phenotypes of breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, as a distinctive class of cis-acting elements besides chromatin regulatory regions, eRNAs help to refine ER-dependent transcriptional program that contributes to the development and progression of breast cancer. Citation Format: Mei Yang, Zhao Zhang, Kexin Xu. Segregating activities of the estrogen receptor in gene regulation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5203.
Sport parachuting and sky diving
Authors: A. J. Ryan
Journal: JAMA (1965)

With an estimated 40,000 persons in the United States engaged in this new sport, and with its popularity still increasing, it can be expected that physicians will become more and more involved in considerations of prevention of injuries and fatalities incurred in this activity. Serious public concern is evidenced when the number of fatalities in football practice and play amount to 45, as they did in 1964. Twenty-seven of these were due directly to trauma. The number of boys and young men participating in this sport was close to 4 million. Yet there were 34 fatalities in sports parachuting and sky diving in 1963 and 32 in 1964, an estimated fatality ratio per participant over 80 times greater than that for football. It is apparently the case that public concern is less only because fewer people are involved and because the majority are adults, and presumably, therefore, responsible only to
Violence Increasingly Being Viewed as Problem of Public Health; Prevention Programs Attempted
Authors: Jody W. Zylke
Journal: JAMA (1988)

VIOLENCE HAS become so commonplace, saturating news reports and filling television and movie screens, that it may be easy to become inured to it, leaving the problem to the communities in which it occurs and to the police and criminal justice system. But researchers in Boston are adding their voices to those that say violence is also a medical problem (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:721-730, 881-892). They cite the following as evidence of the medical impact of interpersonal violence: It is the second leading cause of death for all 15- to 24-year-olds in the United States. It is the fourth leading cause of potential years of life lost. In 1980, it accounted for 350 000 hospitalizations and 1.5 million hospital days and for $640 million in health care costs. These numbers do not reflect primarily premeditated murders or loss of life when a mentally ill person suddenly acts violently.
Bioethics' Gender
Authors: Hilde Lindemann
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2006)

I argue that the field of bioethics is gendered feminine, but that the methods it uses to resist this gender identity pose real harm to actual women. Starting with an explanation of what I take 'gender' to be, I enumerate four drawbacks to being gendered feminine. I then argue that bioethics suffers from three of the same four drawbacks. I show how the field escapes the fourth disadvantage by adopting a masculine persona that inflicts damage on women, and conclude by urging bioethicists to reflect on their complicity in abusive power systems such as gender, race and class.
Teplice Program: The Impact of Air Pollution on Human Health
Authors: Radim J. Sram, Ivan Benes, Blanka Binkova, Jan Dejmek, Donald Horstman, Frantisek Kotesovec, David Otto, Sally D. Perreault, Jiri Rubes, Sherry G. Selevan, Ivan Skalik, Robert K. Stevens, Joellen Lewtas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)
ZEB1 promotes cholangiocarcinoma progression through tumor dedifferentiation and paracrine signaling between tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts
Authors: Javier Vaquero, Cindy Lobe, Marie Vallette, Ander Arbelaiz, Cedric Coulouarn, Ester Gonzalez-Sanchez, Laura Izquierdo-Sánchez, Anna Pellat, Nathalie Guedj, Valérie Paradis, Jesus M. Banales, Chantal Housset, Laura Fouassier
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
AS TO RED AND WHITE MEAT.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Authors' response
Authors: L. J KOHMAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Authors' response Get access LESLIE J KOHMAN LESLIE J KOHMAN Department of Surgery, SUNY Health Science Center, Syracuse, NY, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 6, June 1993, Page 1136, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.6.1136 Published: 01 June 1993
The utility of the ultrasound evaluation vs the clinical diagnosis in the adult patient with extrahepatic cholestasis. A prospective comparative clinical trial JA Gonzalez-Gonzalez F. Bosques-Padilla Fco. E. Guerrero-Garza, O. Sanchez-Davila. L Ochoa-Bavona, JH Maldonado-Garza RF Barragas-Villarreal. Internal Medicine Department, Gastroenterology Service, University Hospital Dr. “Jose E. Gonzalez”. Ave Madero y Genzalitos AP 1-4469-Mitras CP 64460. Monterrey N.L. México
Journal: Hepatology (1994)
THE HEALTH OF MEDICAL STUDENTS
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
BACTERIOLOGIC EXAMINATIONS IN NORTH CAROLINA.
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Decitabine and Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Naval Daver, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Zeev Estrov, Marina Konopleva, Jan A. Burger, Susan O'Brien, Alessandra Ferrajoli, Srdan Verstovsek, Tapan M. Kadia, Elias J. Jabbour, Stefan Faderl, Maria Diaz-Pines-Mateo, Naveen Pemmaraju, Sherry A. Pierce, Jorge E. Cortes, Gautam Borthakur
Journal: Blood (2012)
Job specifications for the President of a County Medical Society or how the Establishment remains established
Authors: R. Crawshaw
Journal: JAMA (1976)

ANNUALLY evaluating the staff is one of the duties of the president of our local county medical society. While busily engaged in checking staff members' performance against responsibilities, it was discovered that there was no provision for judging the president. Of course, the society's bylaws specified he must be a member and must be elected, but beyond that—nothing. It is a curious fact of our culture that the higher the administrative responsibility, the less capacity is specified. Where there are no aptitude tests for president of the medical society, manufacturing company, or a government, yet there are hundreds for clerk-typists. The discrepancy can only be corrected by the presidential job-holders. Fortunately, after completing a year as president of a county medical society, the experience has revealed much about the position. Unfortunately, most of the learning has been sheer abrading experience; hopefully, to lessen this price for future county medical society
Vaccination Against Measles: a Clinical Trial of Live Measles Vaccine Given Alone and Live Vaccine Preceded by Killed Vaccine
Journal: BMJ (1966)

During the early part of 1964 a trial of measles vaccines was made in Britain under the auspices of the Medical Research Council's Measles Vaccines Committee.About 300 children took part and four vaccination schedules were used, involving two different live attenuated vaccines and one inactivated (killed) vaccine.In two of the schedules live vaccine was preceded by a single dose of killed vaccine and in the other two live vaccine was given alone.Each schedule produced satisfactory antibody responses, and vaccination reactions were in general not severe (Medical Research Council, 1965).This preliminary trial has now been followed by a much larger investigation to assess the value of the vaccines for general use.This second trial was started in the autumn of 1964, and the preliminary results reported here are those