tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Motor Vehicle Crash Deaths — United States and 28 Other High-Income Countries, 2015 and 2019
Authors: Merissa A. Yellman, Erin K. Sauber-Schatz
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2022)

Motor vehicle crashes are preventable, yet they continue to be a leading cause of death in the United States. An average of 36,791 crash deaths occurred each year (101 deaths each day) during 2015-2019 in the United States. To measure progress in reducing motor vehicle crash deaths, CDC calculated population-based, distance-based, and vehicle-based death rates in 2015 and 2019, as well as average rates and average percent changes from 2015 to 2019, for the United States and 28 other high-income countries for which data were available. In 2019, the population-based death rate in the United States (11.1 per 100,000 population; 36,355 deaths) was the highest among the 29 high-income countries and was 2.3 times the average rate of the 28 other high-income countries (4.8). The 2019 U.S. distance-based death rate (1.11 per 100 million vehicle miles traveled) was higher than the average rate among 20 other high-income countries (0.92), and the 2019 U.S. vehicle-based death rate (1.21 per 10,000 registered vehicles) was higher than the average rate among 27 other high-income countries (0.78). The population-based death rate in the United States increased 0.1% from 2015 to 2019, whereas the average change among 27 other high-income countries was -10.4%. Widespread implementation of proven strategies and the Safe System approach, which accounts for human error and works to protect everyone on the road, (1) can help reduce motor vehicle crash deaths in the United States.
Thromboprophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin versus standard of care in unvaccinated, at-risk outpatients with COVID-19 (ETHIC): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3b trial
Authors: Frank Cools, Saverio Virdone, Jitendra Sawhney, Renato D Lopes, Barry Jacobson, Juan I Arcelus, F D Richard Hobbs, Harry Gibbs, Jelle C L Himmelreich, Peter MacCallum, Sebastian Schellong, Sylvia Haas, Alexander G G Turpie, Walter Ageno, Ana Thereza Rocha, Gloria Kayani, Karen Pieper, Ajay K Kakkar, Ajit Avhad, Murillo Antunes, Ana Thereza Rocha, Jesus Gonzales Lama, Atul Abyankar, Adrian Paulo Morales Kormann, Louis Van Zyl, Upendra Kaul, Frances Adams, Ivan Aloysius, Matthew Capehorn, Pradeep Kumar, Rajesh Mahajan
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2022)
KIR-favorable TCR-αβ/CD19-depleted haploidentical HCT in children with ALL/AML/MDS: primary analysis of the PTCTC ONC1401 trial
Authors: Michael A. Pulsipher, Kwang W. Ahn, Nancy J. Bunin, Nahal Lalefar, Eric Anderson, Allyson Flower, Mitchell S. Cairo, Julie-An Talano, Sonali Chaudhury, Carrie L. Kitko, Jamie L. Duke, Dimitrios Monos, Wing Leung, Christopher C. Dvorak, Hisham Abdel-Azim
Journal: Blood (2022)
A novel sprayable thermosensitive hydrogel coupled with zinc modified metformin promotes the healing of skin wound
Authors: Zhengwei Liu, Wanze Tang, Jiayi Liu, Yingying Han, Qinnan Yan, Yuechao Dong, Xiaomei Liu, Dazhi Yang, Guixing Ma, Huiling Cao
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

A novel sprayable adhesive is established (ZnMet-PF127) by the combination of a thermosensitive hydrogel (Pluronic F127, PF127) and a coordination complex of zinc and metformin (ZnMet). Here we demonstrate that ZnMet-PF127 potently promotes the healing of traumatic skin defect and burn skin injury by promoting cell proliferation, angiogenesis, collagen formation. Furthermore, we find that ZnMet could inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through activation of autophagy, thereby protecting cell from oxidative stress induced damage and promoting healing of skin wound. ZnMet complex exerts better effects on promoting skin wound healing than ZnCl2 or metformin alone. ZnMet complex also displays excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli, which could reduce the incidence of skin wound infections. Collectively, we demonstrate that sprayable PF127 could be used as a new drug delivery system for treatment of skin injury. The advantages of this sprayable system are obvious: (1) It is convenient to use; (2) The hydrogel can cover irregular skin defect sites evenly in a liquid state. In combination with this system, we establish a novel sprayable adhesive (ZnMet-PF127) and demonstrate that it is a potential clinical treatment for traumatic skin defect and burn skin injury.
Closed-loop stimulation using a multiregion brain-machine interface has analgesic effects in rodents
Authors: Guanghao Sun, Fei Zeng, Michael McCartin, Qiaosheng Zhang, Helen Xu, Yaling Liu, Zhe Sage Chen, Jing Wang
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2022)

Effective treatments for chronic pain remain limited. Conceptually, a closed-loop neural interface combining sensory signal detection with therapeutic delivery could produce timely and effective pain relief. Such systems are challenging to develop because of difficulties in accurate pain detection and ultrafast analgesic delivery. Pain has sensory and affective components, encoded in large part by neural activities in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), respectively. Meanwhile, studies show that stimulation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) produces descending pain control. Here, we designed and tested a brain-machine interface (BMI) combining an automated pain detection arm, based on simultaneously recorded local field potential (LFP) signals from the S1 and ACC, with a treatment arm, based on optogenetic activation or electrical deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the PFC in freely behaving rats. Our multiregion neural interface accurately detected and treated acute evoked pain and chronic pain. This neural interface is activated rapidly, and its efficacy remained stable over time. Given the clinical feasibility of LFP recordings and DBS, our findings suggest that BMI is a promising approach for pain treatment.
A Deep Learning Approach for Automated Segmentation of Kidneys and Exophytic Cysts in Individuals with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Youngwoo Kim, Cheng Tao, Hyungchan Kim, Geum-Yoon Oh, Jeongbeom Ko, Kyongtae T. Bae
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2022)

Total kidney volume (TKV) is an important imaging biomarker in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Manual computation of TKV, particularly with the exclusion of exophytic cysts, is laborious and time consuming.We developed a fully automated segmentation method for TKV using a deep learning network to selectively segment kidney regions while excluding exophytic cysts. We used abdominal T2 -weighted magnetic resonance images from 210 individuals with ADPKD who were divided into two groups: one group of 157 to train the network and a second group of 53 to test it. With a 3D U-Net architecture using dataset fingerprints, the network was trained by K-fold cross-validation, in that 80% of 157 cases were for training and the remaining 20% were for validation. We used Dice similarity coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman analysis to assess the performance of the automated segmentation method compared with the manual method.The automated and manual reference methods exhibited excellent geometric concordance (Dice similarity coefficient: mean±SD, 0.962±0.018) on the test datasets, with kidney volumes ranging from 178.9 to 2776.0 ml (mean±SD, 1058.5±706.8 ml) and exophytic cysts ranging from 113.4 to 2497.6 ml (mean±SD, 549.0±559.1 ml). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.9994 (95% confidence interval, 0.9991 to 0.9996; P<0.001) with a minimum bias of -2.424 ml (95% limits of agreement, -49.80 to 44.95).We developed a fully automated segmentation method to measure TKV that excludes exophytic cysts and has an accuracy similar to that of a human expert. This technique may be useful in clinical studies that require automated computation of TKV to evaluate progression of ADPKD and response to treatment.
P1597: THE DYNAMIC INTERACTION BETWEEN INFLAMMATION AND IRON SENSORS IN MALARIA-INDUCED ANEMIA
Authors: A. Pêgo, I. Lima, G. Martins, M. Vujic, A. Nai, L. Silvestri, R. Gozzelino
Journal: HemaSphere (2022)

Background: Severe malarial anemia (SMA) is a complication developed during Plasmodium infection. It is often associated with increased rates of malaria-related morbidity and mortality, especially in children and pregnant women. Hence, it is fundamental to investigate new parameters to prevent this lethality. Aims: The occurrence of ineffective erythropoiesis, caused by a dysregulated erythropoietin (EPO)-erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) signaling pathway, is one of the main features of SMA. Therefore, to gain new insights into the pathogenesis of SMA, our study aims to better understand the dynamic interaction between erythropoiesis and inflammation in mice exposed to single or multiple infections, mimicking what occurs in endemic regions. Methods: Erythroid cell differentiation and immune cells activation were evaluated by flow cytometry. Changes in iron metabolism were assessed by the differences in expression of genes regulating iron homeostasis by qRT-PCR. Results: Flow cytometry analyses suggested that additional exposure to the parasite enhances erythropoiesis. Comparing infected with reinfected mice, we observed a faster erythropoietic response, induced by the bone marrow. It was also found that reinfected mice presented an earlier and robust immune response activation, as developing innate immune memory. Due to the fundamental role of iron in erythropoiesis and immune response activation, the expression of iron sensors, like HFE, was analyzed, detecting a strict correlation between disease severity and multiple infections exposure. The action of HFE in the pathogenesis of SMA and its role on the immune response activation, elicited to combat malaria, was also investigated. Preliminary data shows that when HFE knockout mice were infected with the parasite, their anemic profile improves. Summary/Conclusion: These reveals HFE as a potential target for drug therapy during hemolytic disorders, such as malaria infection.
Living evidence: a new approach to the appraisal of rapidly evolving musculoskeletal research
Authors: Bálint Zsidai, Janina Kaarre, Eric Hamrin Senorski, Robert Feldt, Alberto Grassi, Olufemi R Ayeni, Volker Musahl, Mohit Bhandari, Kristian Samuelsson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2022)
Peyer’s patch T <sub>H</sub> 17 cells are dispensable for gut IgA responses to oral immunization
Authors: Inta Gribonika, Anneli Strömberg, Cristina Lebrero-Fernandez, Karin Schön, James Moon, Mats Bemark, Nils Lycke
Journal: Science Immunology (2022)

T helper 17 (TH17) cells located at the Peyer's patch (PP) inductive site and at the lamina propria effector site of the intestinal immune system are responsive to both pathogenic and commensal bacteria. Their plasticity to convert into follicular helper T (TFH) cells has been proposed to be central to gut immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses. Here, we used an IL-17A fate reporter mouse and an MHC-II tetramer to analyze antigen-specific CD4+ T cell subsets and isolate them for single-cell RNA sequencing after oral immunization with cholera toxin and ovalbumin. We found a TFH-dominated response with only rare antigen-specific TH17 cells (<8%) in the PP. A clonotypic analysis provided little support that clonotypes were shared between TFH and TH17 cells, arguing against TH17 plasticity as a major contributor to TFH differentiation. Two mouse models of TH17 deficiency confirmed that gut IgA responses to oral immunization do not require TH17 cells, with CD4CreRorcfl/fl mice exhibiting normal germinal centers in PP and unperturbed total IgA production in the intestine.
Reply to correspondence: Basophil reactivity to BNT162b2 in COVID‐19 convalescence
Authors: Marina Labella, Jose Antonio Céspedes, Inmaculada Doña, Mohamed H. Shamji, Ioana Agache, Cristobalina Mayorga, Maria José Torres
Journal: Allergy (2022)

None of the authors have any conflicts of interest to disclose.
<i>QuickStats:</i> Age-Adjusted Death Rates* for Motor Vehicle Traffic Injury,† by Race and Hispanic Origin — United States, 2019 and 2020
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2022)

non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Hispanic Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Deaths per 100,000 U.S. standard population 2019 2020 * Age-adjusted death rates are deaths per 100,000 adjusted to 2000 U.S. standard population.† Motor vehicle traffic injuries are identified as underlying cause of death using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes V02-V04[.1,.9],V09.2, V12-V14[.3-.9],V19[.4-.6],V20-V28[.3-.9],V29-V79[.4-.9],V80[.3-.5],V81.1, V82.1, V83-V86[.0-.3],V87[.0-.8], and V89.2.Age-adjusted death rates for motor vehicle traffic injury increased from 11.1 per 100,000 population in 2019 to 12.0 in 2020.The rates increased from 10.3 to 11.3 for Hispanic persons, from 14.5 to 18.3 for non-Hispanic Black persons, and from 11.2 to 11.6 for non-Hispanic White persons.The changes in rates among other groups were not statistically significant.During 2019 and 2020, the rates were highest for non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native persons (25.3 and 25.7) and lowest for non-Hispanic Asian persons (4.0 and 3.7), respectively.
Reply to: “Phase 2a randomized clinical trial of dupilumab (anti‐IL‐4Rα) for alopecia areata patients”
Authors: Yael Renert‐Yuval, Emma Guttman‐Yassky
Journal: Allergy (2022)

E. G. Y. has served as a consultant for AbbVie, Amgen, Allergan, Asana Bioscience, Celgene, Concert, Dermira, DS Biopharma, Escalier, Galderma, Glenmark, Kyowa Kirin, LEO Pharmaceuticals, Lilly, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, and Union Therapeutics; a member of advisory boards of Allergan, Asana Bioscience, Celgene, DBV, Dermavant, Dermira, Escalier, Galderma, Glenmark, Kyowa Kirin, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, and Sanofi; and a recipient of research grants from AbbVie, AnaptysBio, AntibioTx, Asana Bioscience, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, DBV, Dermavant, DS Biopharma, Galderma, Glenmark, Innovaderm, Janssen Biotech, Kiniksa Pharma, LEO Pharmaceuticals, Lilly, Medimmune, Sienna Biopharmaceuticals, Novan, Novartis, Ralexar, Regeneron, Pfizer, UCB, and Union Therapeutics. Y. R. Y. declares no competing interests.
Carboxymethyl chitosan-alginate enhances bone repair effects of magnesium phosphate bone cement by activating the FAK-Wnt pathway
Authors: Ling Yu, Tian Gao, Wei Li, Jian Yang, Yinchu Liu, Yanan Zhao, Ping He, Xuefeng Li, Weichun Guo, Zhengfu Fan, Honglian Dai
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

There is a continuing need for artificial bone substitutes for bone repair and reconstruction, Magnesium phosphate bone cement (MPC) has exceptional degradable properties and exhibits promising biocompatibility. However, its mechanical strength needs improved and its low osteo-inductive potential limits its therapeutic application in bone regeneration. We functionally modified MPC by using a polymeric carboxymethyl chitosan-sodium alginate (CMCS/SA) gel network. This had the advantages of: improved compressive strength, ease of handling, and an optimized interface for bioactive bone in-growth. The new composites with 2% CMCS/SA showed the most favorable physicochemical properties, including mechanical strength, wash-out resistance, setting time, injectable time and heat release. Biologically, the composite promoted the attachment and proliferation of osteoblast cells. It was also found to induce osteogenic differentiation in vitro, as verified by expression of osteogenic markers. In terms of molecular mechanisms, data showed that new bone cement activated the Wnt pathway through inhibition of the phosphorylation of β-catenin, which is dependent on focal adhesion kinase. Through micro-computed tomography and histological analysis, we found that the MPC-CMCS/SA scaffolds, compared with MPC alone, showed increased bone regeneration in a rat calvarial defect model. Overall, our study suggested that the novel composite had potential to help repair critical bone defects in clinical practice.
Home High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy for Stable Hypercapnic COPD: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kazuma Nagata, Takeo Horie, Naohiko Chohnabayashi, Torahiko Jinta, Ryosuke Tsugitomi, Akira Shiraki, Fumiaki Tokioka, Toru Kadowaki, Akira Watanabe, Motonari Fukui, Takamasa Kitajima, Susumu Sato, Toru Tsuda, Nobuhito Kishimoto, Hideo Kita, Yoshihiro Mori, Masayuki Nakayama, Kenichi Takahashi, Tomomasa Tsuboi, Makoto Yoshida, Osamu Hataji, Satoshi Fuke, Michiko Kagajo, Hiroki Nishine, Hiroyasu Kobayashi, Hiroyuki Nakamura, Miyuki Okuda, Sayaka Tachibana, Shohei Takata, Hisayuki Osoreda, Kenichi Minami, Takashi Nishimura, Tadashi Ishida, Jiro Terada, Naoko Takeuchi, Yasuo Kohashi, Hiromasa Inoue, Yoko Nakagawa, Takashi Kikuchi, Keisuke Tomii
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

Rationale: The long-term effects of using a high-flow nasal cannula for chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remain unclear. Objectives: To assess whether long-term high-flow nasal cannula use reduces the number of exacerbations and improves other physiological parameters in patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: We enrolled 104 participants (aged ⩾40 yr) with daytime hypercapnia (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stages 2-4) receiving long-term oxygen therapy (⩾16 h/d for ⩾1 mo) and randomly assigned them to high-flow nasal cannula/long-term oxygen therapy and long-term oxygen therapy groups. The primary endpoint was the moderate or severe exacerbation rate. We compared changes from baseline in arterial blood gas values, peripheral oxygen saturation, pulmonary function, health-related quality-of-life scores, and the 6-minute-walk test. Measurements and Main Results: High-flow nasal cannula use significantly reduced the rate of moderate/severe exacerbations (unadjusted mean count 1.0 vs. 2.5, a ratio of the adjusted mean count between groups [95% confidence interval] of 2.85 [1.48-5.47]) and prolonged the duration without moderate or severe exacerbations. The median time to first moderate or severe exacerbation in the long-term oxygen therapy group was 25 (14.1-47.4) weeks; this was not reached in the high-flow nasal cannula/long-term oxygen therapy group. High-flow nasal cannula use significantly improved health-related quality of life scores, peripheral oxygen saturation, and specific pulmonary function parameters. No safety concerns were identified. Conclusions: A high-flow nasal cannula is a reasonable therapeutic option for patients with stable hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a history of exacerbations. Clinical trial registered with www.umin/ac.jp (UMIN000028581) and www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03282019).
Fieldwork opportunities and challenges in Palestinian refugee camps in the West Bank, occupied Palestinian territory, and in Jordan: lessons learned from a Palestinian adolescent reproductive health cross-sectional study
Authors: Rula Ghandour, Dima Massoud, Reem Ladadwa, Weeam Hammoudeh, Gerd Holmboe Ottesen, Heidi Fjeld, Abdullatif Husseini, Rita Giacaman
Journal: The Lancet (2022)
Association of Low Muscle Mass With Cognitive Function During a 3-Year Follow-up Among Adults Aged 65 to 86 Years in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Anne-Julie Tessier, Simon S. Wing, Elham Rahme, José A. Morais, Stéphanie Chevalier
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Cross-sectional studies have shown that combined low muscle mass and strength are associated with cognitive impairment. Whether low muscle mass, reflective of physiologic reserve, is independently associated with faster cognitive decline remains unknown.To investigate the associations between low muscle mass and cognitive decline in 3 distinct domains among adults aged at least 65 years.The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging is a prospective population-based cohort study of community-dwelling adults. Enrollment occurred from 2011 to 2015 with a 3-year follow-up. Analyses for this study were conducted on those aged at least 65 years from April 24 to August 12, 2020.Appendicular lean soft tissue mass (ALM) was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Low ALM was identified using the sex-specific Canadian cut points.Memory was assessed using the Rey auditory verbal learning test. Executive function was assessed using the mental alternation test, Stroop high interference (words/dot) test, the animal fluency test, and the controlled oral word association test. Psychomotor speed was assessed using computer-administered choice reaction time. Composite scores by domain were created.Of 8279 participants, 4003 (48%) were female, 8005 (97%) were White, and the mean (SD) age was 72.9 (5.6) years. A total of 1605 participants (19.4%) had low ALM at baseline. Participants with low ALM were older, had lower body mass index and physical activity level. The presence of low ALM at baseline was associated with faster 3-year cognitive decline in executive functions and psychomotor speed from multiple linear regressions. After adjusting for covariates including age, level of education, percentage body fat, and handgrip strength, low ALM remained independently associated with executive function decline (standardized β: -0.032; P = .03) only. Low ALM was not associated with memory.This cohort study found longitudinal associations between low ALM and cognition in aging. Identification of older adults with low muscle mass, a targetable modifiable factor, may help estimate those at risk for accelerated executive function decline. Further longer-term investigation of associations is warranted.
Metabolic reprogramming of skeletal muscle by resident macrophages points to CSF1R inhibitors as muscular dystrophy therapeutics
Authors: Farshad Babaeijandaghi, Ryan Cheng, Nasim Kajabadi, Hesham Soliman, Chih-Kai Chang, Josh Smandych, Lin Wei Tung, Reece Long, Amirhossein Ghassemi, Fabio M. V. Rossi
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2022)

The role of tissue-resident macrophages during tissue regeneration or fibrosis is not well understood, mainly due to the lack of a specific marker for their identification. Here, we identified three populations of skeletal muscle–resident myelomonocytic cells: a population of macrophages positive for lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor 1 (LYVE1) and T cell membrane protein 4 (TIM4 or TIMD4), a population of LYVE1 − TIM4 − macrophages, and a population of cells likely representing dendritic cells that were positive for CD11C and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII). Using a combination of parabiosis and lineage-tracing experiments, we found that, at steady state, TIM4 − macrophages were replenished from the blood, whereas TIM4 + macrophages locally self-renewed [self-renewing resident macrophages (SRRMs)]. We further showed that Timd4 could be reliably used to distinguish SRRMs from damage-induced infiltrating macrophages. Using a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibition/withdrawal approach to specifically deplete SRRMs, we found that SRRMs provided a nonredundant function in clearing damage-induced apoptotic cells early after extensive acute injury. In contrast, in chronic mild injury as seen in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, depletion of both TIM4 − - and TIM4 + -resident macrophage populations through long-term CSF1R inhibition changed muscle fiber composition from damage-sensitive glycolytic fibers toward damage-resistant glycolytic-oxidative fibers, thereby protecting muscle against contraction-induced injury both ex vivo and in vivo. This work reveals a previously unidentified role for resident macrophages in modulating tissue metabolism and may have therapeutic potential given the ongoing clinical testing of CSF1R inhibitors.