tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primary Pancreatic Choriocarcinoma With Hepatic Metastases on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Wenpeng Huang, Yongkang Qiu, Yuhan Zhou, Qi Yang, Lei Kang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Pancreatic choriocarcinoma is a rare disease, and concurrent hepatic metastases have not previously been reported. We report a case of a 46-year-old woman with significantly elevated human chorionic gonadotropin β levels, and 18 F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated FDG-avid lesions in the pancreatic head, liver, and lymph nodes. The initial diagnosis of pancreatic choriocarcinoma with metastases was made and further confirmed by PET/CT-guided biopsy. 125 I seeds were then implanted to treat the pancreatic choriocarcinoma lesions, which effectively reduced the tumor size. New hepatic metastases have been observed after 5 months, and this case had an overall survival of 10 months.
Abdominal Pain and Hypotension in a 70-Year-Old Woman
Authors: Francesco Pata, Giovanni Stamati, Bruno Nardo
Journal: JAMA (2023)

A 70-year-old woman with hypertension, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, and gallstones had 3 days of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography showed a thickened gallbladder wall with intraluminal air adherent to the duodenum and a gallstone in the middle ileum with proximal bowel distension. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?
Comparison of 18F-FDOPA and 18F-MFBG PET/CT Images of Metastatic Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Feng Wei, Biao Wu, Xueying Ling, Jian Gong, Hao Xu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract A 30-year-old man with pheochromocytoma was hospitalized for hemoptysis without inducement. CT revealed a mass in the left lung, and biopsy pathology under the bronchoscope suggested that it was a pheochromocytoma metastasis. To further identify the location of the metastatic lesions, the patient was enrolled in a clinical trial and underwent 18 F-FDOPA and 18 F-MFBG PET/CT. Images from both examinations showed similar lesions. However, the lesions differed in that the uptake of some lesions was significantly higher with 18 F-FDOPA than with 18 F-MFBG, whereas the para-aortic lesion was active in 18 F-MFBG but not in 18 F-FDOPA.
68Ga-FAPI PET/CT Provides a Clear Picture of a Klatskin Tumor That 18F-FDG PET/CT Missed
Authors: Akram Al-Ibraheem, Soud Al-Qasem, Mousa El Khaldi, Rula Amarin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Klatskin tumor, also known as hilar cholangiocarcinoma, was clearly demonstrated in this case report by contrasting 68 Ga-FAPI and 18 F-FDG PET/CT in the same patient. This instance exemplifies a false-negative 18 F-FDG PET/CT for the main tumor site, despite positive 68 Ga-FAPI uptake at the same location.
Nonfatal Firearm Injury and Firearm Mortality in High-risk Youths and Young Adults 25 Years After Detention
Authors: Nanzi Zheng, Karen M. Abram, Leah J. Welty, David A. Aaby, Nicholas S. Meyerson, Linda A. Teplin
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Youths, especially Black and Hispanic males, are disproportionately affected by firearm violence. Yet, no epidemiologic studies have examined the incidence rates of nonfatal firearm injury and firearm mortality in those who may be at greatest risk—youths who have been involved with the juvenile justice system. Objectives To examine nonfatal firearm injury and firearm mortality in youths involved with the juvenile justice system and to compare incidence rates of firearm mortality with the general population. Design, Setting, and Participants The Northwestern Juvenile Project is a 25-year prospective longitudinal cohort study of 1829 youths after juvenile detention in Chicago, Illinois. Youths were randomly sampled by strata (sex, race and ethnicity, age, and legal status [juvenile or adult court]) at intake from the Cook County Juvenile Temporary Detention Center. Participants were interviewed at baseline (November 1995 to June 1998) and reinterviewed as many as 13 times over 16 years, through February 2015. Official records on mortality were collected through December 2020. Data analysis was conducted from November 2018 to August 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures Participants self-reported nonfatal firearm injuries. Firearm deaths were identified from county and state records and collateral reports. Data on firearm deaths in the general population were obtained from the Illinois Department of Public Health. Population counts were obtained from the US census. Results The baseline sample of 1829 participants included 1172 (64.1%) males and 657 (35.9%) females; 1005 (54.9%) Black, 524 (28.6%) Hispanic, 296 (16.2%) non-Hispanic White, and 4 (0.2%) from other racial and ethnic groups (mean [SD] age, 14.9 [1.4] years). Sixteen years after detention, more than one-quarter of Black (156 of 575 [27.1%]) and Hispanic (103 of 387 [26.6%]) males had been injured or killed by firearms. Males had 13.6 (95% CI, 8.6-21.6) times the rate of firearm injury or mortality than females. Twenty-five years after the study began, 88 participants (4.8%) had been killed by a firearm. Compared with the Cook County general population, most demographic groups in the sample had significantly higher rates of firearm mortality (eg, rate ratio for males, 2.8; 95% CI, 2.0-3.9; for females: 6.5; 95% CI, 3.0-14.1; for Black males, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.7-3.7; for Hispanic males, 9.6; 95% CI, 6.2-15.0; for non-Hispanic White males, 23.0; 95% CI, 11.7-45.5). Conclusions and Relevance This is the first study to examine the incidence of nonfatal firearm injury and firearm mortality in youths who have been involved with the juvenile justice system. Reducing firearm injury and mortality in high-risk youths and young adults requires a multidisciplinary approach involving legal professionals, health care professionals, educators, street outreach workers, and public health researchers.
Encephalitis and poor neuronal death–mediated control of herpes simplex virus in human inherited RIPK3 deficiency
Authors: Zhiyong Liu, Eduardo J. Garcia Reino, Oliver Harschnitz, Hongyan Guo, Yi-Hao Chan, Noopur V. Khobrekar, Mary L. Hasek, Kerry Dobbs, Darawan Rinchai, Marie Materna, Daniela Matuozzo, Danyel Lee, Paul Bastard, Jie Chen, Yoon Seung Lee, Seong K. Kim, Shuxiang Zhao, Param Amin, Lazaro Lorenzo, Yoann Seeleuthner, Remi Chevalier, Laure Mazzola, Claire Gay, Jean-Louis Stephan, Baptiste Milisavljevic, Soraya Boucherit, Flore Rozenberg, Rebeca Perez de Diego, Richard D. Dix, Nico Marr, Vivien Béziat, Aurelie Cobat, Mélodie Aubart, Laurent Abel, Stephane Chabrier, Gregory A. Smith, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Edward S. Mocarski, Lorenz Studer, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Shen-Ying Zhang
Journal: Science Immunology (2023)

Inborn errors of TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity in cortical neurons underlie forebrain herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) due to uncontrolled viral growth and subsequent cell death. We report an otherwise healthy patient with HSE who was compound heterozygous for nonsense (R422*) and frameshift (P493fs9*) RIPK3 variants. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) is a ubiquitous cytoplasmic kinase regulating cell death outcomes, including apoptosis and necroptosis. In vitro, the R422* and P493fs9* RIPK3 proteins impaired cellular apoptosis and necroptosis upon TLR3, TLR4, or TNFR1 stimulation and ZBP1/DAI-mediated necroptotic cell death after HSV-1 infection. The patient’s fibroblasts displayed no detectable RIPK3 expression. After TNFR1 or TLR3 stimulation, the patient’s cells did not undergo apoptosis or necroptosis. After HSV-1 infection, the cells supported excessive viral growth despite normal induction of antiviral IFN-β and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). This phenotype was, nevertheless, rescued by application of exogenous type I IFN. The patient’s human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)–derived cortical neurons displayed impaired cell death and enhanced viral growth after HSV-1 infection, as did isogenic RIPK3-knockout hPSC-derived cortical neurons. Inherited RIPK3 deficiency therefore confers a predisposition to HSE by impairing the cell death–dependent control of HSV-1 in cortical neurons but not their production of or response to type I IFNs.
Increased 68Ga-FAPI Activity in Hepatic Inflammatory Myofibroblastoma
Authors: Lei Ou, Yue Zhou, Rui Sun, Chunyin Zhang, XiaoLiang Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Hepatic inflammatory myofibroblastoma is an uncommon borderline tumor. We present 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT findings of hepatic inflammatory myofibroblastoma in a 58-year-old man. The rare hepatic inflammatory myofibroblastoma demonstrated intense tracer uptake on 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT. This case demonstrates the potential value of 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT for the evaluation of hepatic inflammatory myofibroblastoma.
Errors in a Figure
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Christoph Härtel, MD; Egbert Herting, MD, PhD; Alexander Humberg, MD; Kathrin Hanke, MD; Katrin Mehler, MD; Titus Keller, MD; Isabell Mauer, MD; Eric Frieauff, MD; Sascha Meyer, MD; Ulrich H. Thome, MD; Christian Wieg, MD; Susanne Schmidtke, MD; Angela Kribs, MD; Wolfgang Göpel, MD; German Neonatal Network; Kirstin Faust; Dirk Müller; Corinna Gebauer; Florian Guthmann; Axel von der Wense; Oliver Stangl; Ursula Weller; Thomas Höhn; Dirk Olbertz; Ursula Felderhoff-Müser; Rainer Rossi; Norbert Teig; Friedhelm Heitmann; Matthias Heckmann; Reinhard Laux; Bettina Bohnhorst; Bernd Roth; Matthias Vochem; Annette Keller-Wackerbauer; Jens Möller; Joachim Eichhorn; Jürgen Wintgens; Ralf Böttger; Jochen Reese; Mechthild Hubert; Michael Dördelmann; Georg Hillebrand; Claudia Roll; Reinhard Jensen; Mario Rüdiger; Claudius Werner; Ann Carolin Longardt; Stefan Schäfer; Thomas Schaible; Axel Franz; Michael Heldmann; Steffen Kunzmann; Esther Schmidt; Thorsten Orlikowsky; Hubert Gerleve; Nico Depping; Roland Haase; Marc Hoppenz; Stephan Seeliger; Helmut Küster; Hans Fuchs; Thorsten Körner; Thomas Brune; Andreas Müller; Florian Urlichs; Martin Berghäuser; Hans Proquitté; Patrick Morhart; Wolfgang Lindner; Rolf Schlösser; Welfhard Schneider; Michael Schroth; Esther Rieger-Fackeldey; Frank Dohle; Gernot Sinnecker; Thomas Völkl; Francisco Brevis Nunez; Michael Welsch; Marcus Krüger
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for laterally spreading tumor inside gallbladder: A novel organ preserving option
Authors: Saif Ullah, Dan Liu, Bing-Rong Liu
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

A 61-year-old man was admitted for management of gallbladder polyps. The patient refused cholecystectomy as he wished to retain his gallbladder, but consented to undergo pure flexible endoscopic gallbladder-preserving polypectomy.
Usefulness of a novel sphincterotome for transpancreatic biliary sphincterotomy to achieve selective biliary cannulation in patients with Roux-en-Y gastrectomy
Authors: Yuki Tanisaka, Masafumi Mizuide, Akashi Fujita, Rie Shiomi, Takahiro Shin, Kei Sugimoto, Shomei Ryozawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Selective biliary cannulation in patients with Roux-en-Y gastrectomy is considered technically difficult [1] [2]. In cases where a guidewire is inserted into the pancreatic duct, transpancreatic biliary sphincterotomy is considered an effective method of achieving biliary cannulation [3]. Herein, we report a case of successful selective biliary cannulation via transpancreatic biliary sphincterotomy using a novel sphincterotome in a patient with Roux-en-Y gastrectomy.
Alternative donor BMT with post-transplant cyclophosphamide as initial therapy for acquired severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Amy DeZern, Marianna L Zahurak, Heather J Symons, Kenneth R. Cooke, Carol Ann Huff, Tania Jain, Lode J Swinnen, Philip Hollingsworth Imus, Nina D. Wagner-Johnston, Richard F Ambinder, Mark J. Levis, Leo Luznik, Javier Bolaños-Meade, Ephraim J Fuchs, Richard J Jones, Robert A. Brodsky
Journal: Blood (2023)
Spending ever more on the NHS and less on education: is this sensible?
Authors: Richard Smith
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Some 30 years ago I heard Sam Thier, then chief executive of the Massachusetts General Hospital, say something like "If you want to understand an organisation don't look at their strategy, look at their budgets."It's even more true of governments, where the rhetoric is grossly inflated and the budgeting brutal.
Consequences and opportunities arising due to sparser single-cell RNA-seq datasets
Authors: Gerard A Bouland, Ahmed Mahfouz, Marcel J T Reinders
Journal: Genome biology (2023)

Abstract With the number of cells measured in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets increasing exponentially and concurrent increased sparsity due to more zero counts being measured for many genes, we demonstrate here that downstream analyses on binary-based gene expression give similar results as count-based analyses. Moreover, a binary representation scales up to ~ 50-fold more cells that can be analyzed using the same computational resources. We also highlight the possibilities provided by binarized scRNA-seq data. Development of specialized tools for bit-aware implementations of downstream analytical tasks will enable a more fine-grained resolution of biological heterogeneity.
Spectrum of clonal hematopoiesis in VEXAS syndrome
Authors: Fernanda Gutierrez-Rodrigues, Yael Kusne, Jenna Fernandez, Terra L Lasho, Ruba N Shalhoub, Xiaoyang Ma, Hugh Alessi, Christy M. Finke, Matthew J. Koster, Abhishek A. Mangaonkar, Kenneth J Warrington, Kebede Begna, Zhuoer Xie, Amanda K Ombrello, David S Viswanatha, Marcela A. Ferrada, Lorena Wilson, Ronald S. Go, Taxiarchis V. Kourelis, Kaaren K Reichard, Horatiu Olteanu, Ivana Darden, Dalton Hironaka, Lemlem Alemu, Sachiko Kajigaya, Rodrigo T. Calado, Emma M. Groarke, Sofia Rosenzweig, Daniel L Kastner, Katherine R Calvo, Colin O. Wu, Peter C. Grayson, Neal S Young, David B. Beck, Bhavisha A. Patel, Mrinal M. Patnaik
Journal: Blood (2023)
Early immune pressure initiated by tissue-resident memory T cells sculpts tumor evolution in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Clare E. Weeden, Velimir Gayevskiy, Claire Marceaux, Daniel Batey, Tania Tan, Kenta Yokote, Nina Tubau Ribera, Allison Clatch, Susan Christo, Charis E. Teh, Andrew J. Mitchell, Marie Trussart, Lucille Rankin, Andreas Obers, Jackson A. McDonald, Kate D. Sutherland, Varun J. Sharma, Graham Starkey, Rohit D’Costa, Phillip Antippa, Tracy Leong, Daniel Steinfort, Louis Irving, Charles Swanton, Claire L. Gordon, Laura K. Mackay, Terence P. Speed, Daniel H.D. Gray, Marie-Liesse Asselin-Labat
Journal: Cancer Cell (2023)

Tissue-resident memory T (T
One-Year Brolucizumab Outcomes in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration from a Large United States Cohort in the IRIS® Registry
Authors: Mathew W. MacCumber, Charles C. Wykoff, Helene Karcher, Eser Adiguzel, Samriddhi Buxy Sinha, Saloni Vishwakarma, Andrew LaPrise, Franklin Igwe, Rita Freitas, Michael S. Ip, Marco A. Zarbin
Journal: Ophthalmology (2023)
A novel countertraction-assisted technique facilitating endoscopic submucosal dissection of early gastric angle cancer without the use of a transparent hood
Authors: Qiang Guo, Ren-yi Zhang, Wei-hui Liu
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

The adoption of the transparent hood as an invisible assistant has promoted the technique of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and put it on the fast track to widespread use. However, the transparent hood may sacrifice part of the surgical view and often contributes to blurred visibility through the accumulation of dirty fluid and fogging. We have developed a countertraction-assisted technique for gastric ESD that is independent of the transparent hood ([Video 1]).
New Treatment for Completely Obstructed Pancreaticojejunal Anastomosis Using Gel-Immersion Double-Balloon ERP With Long Cap
Authors: Masaaki Shimatani, Toshiyuki Mitsuyama, Takeshi Yamashina
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2023)

A 71-year-old woman who had undergone pancreatoduodenectomy with Braun anastomosis for lower biliary cancer 2 years before developed recurrent pancreatitis. Abdominal computed tomography revealed mildly dilated pancreatic duct (Figure A). Double-balloon endoscopic retrograde pancreatography with long cap was planned for suspected obstruction in the pancreatojejunal anastomosis (PA). Short-type double balloon endoscopy reached the blind end without difficulty and the location of pancreas was determined on fluoroscopy. The suture fixing pancreas and intestinal tract was searched for by flipping intestinal folds 1 by 1 using long cap (Figure B). Once identified, ulcer scar-like mucosa was searched for in the vicinity (Figure C). Then, ViscoClear was injected after suctioning intestinal fluid. The gel stayed at the lesion, and visualized oozing pancreatic juice resulted in successful detection of membranous-obstructed PA (Figure D). By holding the intestinal wall with long cap, the membranous-obstructed PA could be positioned en face. Furthermore, the distance from the endoscope facilitated pancreatic cannulation, avoiding blind maneuver. A guidewire was placed in the pancreatic duct, followed by dilatation of the anastomosis and a pancreatic duct stent was placed successfully. The patient was discharged without complication and had no problem during follow-up. Endoscopic approaches using balloon-assisted endoscopy for pancreatobiliary diseases with surgically reconstructed intestinal tracts have recently been widely used. However, there are not very reports on approaches to the pancreatic ducts by balloon-assisted endoscopy. In recent years, gel immersion technique has been used for various endoscopic diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. We have developed a new method that combines gel immersion with double-balloon assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography technique with a long cap, to successfully treat a completely obstructed PA. eyJraWQiOiI4ZjUxYWNhY2IzYjhiNjNlNzFlYmIzYWFmYTU5NmZmYyIsImFsZyI6IlJTMjU2In0.eyJzdWIiOiJhMDcwY2VhMGEzMjcwNzUwZTk0ZWRjZWI5MDhkNzY3ZSIsImtpZCI6IjhmNTFhY2FjYjNiOGI2M2U3MWViYjNhYWZhNTk2ZmZjIiwiZXhwIjoxNjk0OTE2NTI0fQ.S1MFIprc3sMzXfmzn5LyMnLoeCMchS6uQ_cy5p89qNs6V2BQrHM0KVSBAYV0z7CFWVYQJvYqqNO0lATl1WZdO5M0M2NLHu1S_YKAeeMOl8f6PXiKhtOnfUO_G5KvzToDWveFJFNCrPTx10hXxiXJ13fK9vHVhBl4Oie8P6lacFN4rfyx4yz9D4CVMWOas28CaN88Olpqq10T1x11DVXUidUx054bhVPweVmcHthY2kQagAjO_DuNpH0vr0uIUP_spm4G9ahdJb_pkW6yBsxv-SqKlgvGjISuGwP8u9LfRFQxGq0Xe16SzmIjtvFciI6V98Hun-OBGH5dum9BXsbWZA Download .mp4 (22.03 MB) Help with .mp4 files Video
Impact of prior cryptococcal antigen screening on in-hospital mortality in cryptococcal meningitis or fungaemia among HIV-seropositive individuals in South Africa: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Olivier Paccoud, Liliwe Shuping, Rudzani Mashau, Greg Greene, Vanessa Quan, Susan Meiring, Nelesh P. Govender, Shareef Abrahams, Khatija Ahmed, Theunis Avenant, Colleen Bamford, Prathna Bhola, Kate Bishop, John Black, Lucille Blumberg, Norma Bosman, Maria Botha, Adrian Brink, Suzy Budavari, Asmeeta Burra, Vindana Chibabhai, Rispah Chomba, Cheryl Cohen, Yacoob Coovadia, Penny Crowther-Gibson, Halima Dawood, Linda de Gouveia, Nomonde Dlamini, Siyanda Dlamini, Andries Dreyer, Nicolette du Plessis, Erna du Plessis, Mignon du Plessis, Linda Erasmus, Charles Feldman, Nelesh Govender, Chetna Govind, Michelle Groome, Sumayya Haffejee, Ken Hamese, Carel Haumann, Nombulelo Hoho, Anwar Hoosen, Ebrahim Hoosien, Victoria Howell, Greta Hoyland, Farzana Ismail, Husna Ismail, Nazir Ismail, Prudence Ive, Pieter Jooste, Alan Karstaedt, Ignatius Khantsi, Vicky Kleinhans, Jackie Kleynhans, Molebogeng Kolojane, Tendesayi Kufa-Chakezha, Tiisetso Lebaka, Jacob Lebudi, Neo Legare, Ruth Lekalakala, Kathy Lindeque, Warren Lowman, Shabir Madhi, Rindidzani Magobo, Prasha Mahabeer, Adhil Maharaj, Martha Makgoba, Molatji Maloba, Caroline Maluleka, Mokupi Manaka, Phetho Mangena, Nontuthuko Maningi, Louis Marcus, Terry Marshall, Rudzani Mathebula, Azwifarwi Mathunjwa, Nontombi Mbelle, Bongani Mbuthu, Kerrigan McCarthy, Susan Meiring, Omphile Mekgoe, Colin Menezes, Cecilia Miller, Koleka Mlisana, Masego Moncho, David Moore, Myra Moremi, Lynn Morris, Moamokgethi Moshe, Lesego Mothibi, Harry Moultrie, Ruth Mpembe, Portia Mutevedzi, Judith Mwansa-Kambafwile, Fathima Naby, Preneshni Naicker, Romola Naidoo, Trusha Nana, Maphoshane Nchabeleng, Phathutshedzo Ndlovu, Jeremy Nel, Mimmy Ngomane, Wendy Ngubane, Mark Nicol, Sunnieboy Njikho, Grace Ntlemo, Sindi Ntuli, Nicola Page, Nuraan Paulse, Vanessa Pearce, Olga Perovic, Keshree Pillay, Dina Pombo, Xoliswa Poswa, Elizabeth Prentice, Adrian Puren, Vanessa Quan, Praksha Ramjathan, Yeishna Ramkillawan, Kessendri Reddy, Gary Reubenson, Lauren Richards, Mohammed Said, Nazlee Samodien, Catherine Samuel, Sharona Seetharam, Phuti Sekwadi, Mirriam Selekisho, Marthinus Senekal, Liliwe Shuping, Ngoaka Sibiya, Surendra Sirkar, Juanita Smit, Anthony Smith, Marshagne Smith, Lisha Sookan, Charlotte Sriruttan, Sarah Stacey, Khine Swe Swe Han, Teena Thomas, Juno Thomas, Merika Tsisti, Erika van Schalkwyk, Ebrahim Variava, Phumeza Vazi, Charl Verwey, Anne von Gottberg, Jeanntte Wadula, Sibongile Walaza, Linda Wende, Andrew Whitelaw, Douglas Wilson, Inge Zietsman
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2023)
Development and international validation of custom-engineered and code-free deep-learning models for detection of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity: a retrospective study
Authors: Siegfried K Wagner, Bart Liefers, Meera Radia, Gongyu Zhang, Robbert Struyven, Livia Faes, Jonathan Than, Shafi Balal, Charlie Hennings, Caroline Kilduff, Pakinee Pooprasert, Sophie Glinton, Meena Arunakirinathan, Periklis Giannakis, Imoro Zeba Braimah, Islam S H Ahmed, Mariam Al-Feky, Hagar Khalid, Daniel Ferraz, Juliana Vieira, Rodrigo Jorge, Shahid Husain, Janette Ravelo, Anne-Marie Hinds, Robert Henderson, Himanshu I Patel, Susan Ostmo, J Peter Campbell, Nikolas Pontikos, Praveen J Patel, Pearse A Keane, Gill Adams, Konstantinos Balaskas
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2023)

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a leading cause of childhood blindness, is diagnosed through interval screening by paediatric ophthalmologists. However, improved survival of premature neonates coupled with a scarcity of available experts has raised concerns about the sustainability of this approach. We aimed to develop bespoke and code-free deep learning-based classifiers for plus disease, a hallmark of ROP, in an ethnically diverse population in London, UK, and externally validate them in ethnically, geographically, and socioeconomically diverse populations in four countries and three continents. Code-free deep learning is not reliant on the availability of expertly trained data scientists, thus being of particular potential benefit for low resource health-care settings.
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for brain imaging and drug delivery
Authors: Ruirui Qiao, Changkui Fu, Helen Forgham, Ibrahim Javed, Xumin Huang, Jiayuan Zhu, Andrew K. Whittaker, Thomas P. Davis
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2023)

Central nervous system (CNS) disorders affect as many as 1.5 billion people globally. The limited delivery of most imaging and therapeutic agents into the brain is a major challenge for treatment of CNS disorders. With the advent of nanotechnologies, controlled delivery of drugs with nanoparticles holds great promise in CNS disorders for overcoming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and improving delivery efficacy. In recent years, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) have stood out as a promising theranostic nanoplatform for brain imaging and drug delivery as they possess unique physical properties and biodegradable characteristics. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in MIONP-based platforms as imaging and drug delivery agents for brain diseases. We firstly introduce the methods of synthesis and surface functionalization of MIONPs with emphasis on the inclusion of biocompatible polymers that allow for the addition of tailored physicochemical properties. We then discuss the recent advances in in vivo imaging and drug delivery applications using MIONPs. Finally, we present a perspective on the remaining challenges and possible future directions for MIONP-based brain delivery systems.