tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH
Journal: JAMA (1930)

On May 26 the President attached his signature to the act establishing the National Institute of Health. This bill, sponsored by Senator Joseph E. Ransdell, was approved by the American Medical Association and actively supported by practically every organization devoted to the advancement of human welfare. In accordance with the act, the Hygienic Laboratory of the Public Health Service, with its long record of accomplishments, is merged into a new institution with well nigh unlimited opportunities for scientific research. Originally attached to the marine hospital in New York as a small clinical office, the Hygienic Laboratory was founded in 1887, when the world heard with astonishment of the menace of germs as agents of disease. The laboratory passed under a variety of names until 1901, when Congress gave it a place in governmental nomenclature by appropriating a small sum for an experimental building and directing that the institution should "investigate
Spontaneous Regression of Friend Murine Leukemia Virus-Induced Erythroleukemia. V. Cell-Mediated Antivirus Immunity in Mice Undergoing Erythroleukemia Regression and in Leukemic Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Candace S. Johnson, Susan P. Fouchey, Philip Furmanski
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Noninbred ICR/Ha Swiss and inbred N/PLCR mice infected with the regressing Friend murine leukemia virus complex (R-F-MuLV) developed an erythroleukemia that spontaneously regresses. For the determination of whether mice undergoing erythroleukemia regression possess cell-mediated antivirus immunity, splenic lymphocytes were cultured with and without various antigens, and supernatants were harvested and tested for their abilities to inhibit the migration of normal macrophages in the indirect agarose microdroplet macrophage migration inhibition assay. Migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was produced by spleen cells during erythroleukemia regression in response to purified R-F-MuLV, virus-producing cells, and gp70 (a virus structural protein), but not in response to mouse mammary tumor virus, normal spleen cells, or other unrelated antigens. This cell-mediated activity was detected in all tested mice with regressed leukemias, some of the leukemic mice, and in none of the normal controls. For an assessment of the significance of the reactivity of leukemia spleen cells in response to virus-specific proteins, MIF production by leukemia spleen cells from conventional, nonregressing Friend murine leukemia virus complex (F-MuLV)-inoculated mice was compared with MIF production by cells from R-F-MuLV-infected leukemic animals. The R-F-MuLV-infected mice exhibited substantially more reactivity than did the F-MuLV-infected mice. The R-F-MuLV-infected animals were also characterized as regressors (those that will undergo leukemia regression) and “progressors” (those that will not undergo leukemia regression); almost all the spleen cell supernatants from regressors demonstrated MIF reactivity, whereas only about one-half the spleen cell supernatants from progressors contained MIF activity. Therefore, cell-mediated antivirus immunity as measured by the indirect MIF assay appears to be closely associated with regression of erythroleukemia in R-F-MuLV-infected animals.
THE AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION
Authors: Walter Alexander
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1934)

At this year's 161st Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, from May 3 to 8, 2008, in Washington, DC, researchers presented data on new atypical antipsychotic medications (iloperidone and asenapine) with an efficacy comparable to that of older atypical agents but with more benign side-effect profiles in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. In addition, among studies of post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans returning from tours of duty in Iraq, preliminary results for medications in combination with virtual reality exposure therapy show strong promise.
Morbidity and Mortality Reduction by Supplemental Vitamin A or β-Carotene in CBA Mice Given Total-Body γ-Radiation&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN4"&gt;4&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN5"&gt;5&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Eli Seifter, Ph.D., Giuseppe Rettura, Ph.D., Jacques Padawer, Ph.D., Frank Stratford, M.D., Jeffrey Weinzweig, B.A., Achilles A. Demetriou, M.D., Ph.D., Stanley M. Levenson, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Male CBA mice received graded doses (450–750 rad) of total-body γ-radiation (TBR) from a dual-beam 137CS irradiator. Commencing directly after TBR, 2 days later, or 6 days later, groups of mice received supplemental vitamin A (V it A) or β-carotene (β-Car), compounds previously found to reduce radiation disease in mice subjected to partial-body X-irradiation. Given directly after TBR, supplemental Vit A decreased mortality, evidenced by increases in the radiation dose required to kill 50% of the mice within 30 days (LD50/30). In one experiment, Vit A increased the LD50/30 from 555 to 620 rad; in another experiment, Vit A increased the dose from 505 to 630 rad. Similarly, in a third experiment, supplemental β-Car increased the LD50/30 from 510 to 645 rad. Additionally, each compound increased the survival times, even of those mice that died within 30 days. In addition to reduction of mortality and prolongation of survival time, supplemental Vit A moderated weight loss, adrenal gland hyperemia, thymus involution, and lymphopenia-all signs of radiation toxicity. Delaying the supplementation for 2 days after irradiation did not greatly reduce the efficacy of Vit A; however, delaying supplementation for 6 days decreased its effect almost completely.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

In this prospective, population-based epidemiological cohort study of 1,026 patients with primary invasive breast cancer, a significantly differential prognostic role of the androgen receptor (AR) tumor expression in patients with estrogen receptor alpha (ER)-positive and ER-negative tumors was demonstrated. Furthermore, AR-negativity was predictive of early treatment failure to aromatase inhibitors, but not to tamoxifen, among chemonaïve patients aged 50 or older with ER-positive tumors. The results warrant confirmation in an independent study, preferably in a randomized trial. In conclusion, AR tumor assessment may be useful in the clinical setting for improved tailoring of breast cancer treatment.Antigen spread, an adaptive immune response to nontargeted tumor antigens following treatment with an antigen-specific immunotherapy may indicate tumor cell destruction and subsequent recognition of additional antigens. Using samples from a phase 3 clinical trial, GuhaThakurta and colleagues showed that antigen spread occurs within weeks of administration of sipuleucel-T, a cellular immunotherapy for prostate cancer directed against prostatic acid phosphatase. Most significantly, antigen spread was found to correlate with overall survival. These results suggest that antigen spread may serve as a posttreatment biomarker for the efficacy of immunotherapy, a finding with broad implications for the field of tumor immunology.Filatenkov and colleagues found that the high-dose radiation transformed the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by inducing an intense CD8+ T cell tumor infiltrate, and a loss of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). The change was dependent on antigen cross-presenting CD8+ dendritic cells, secretion of IFN-γ, and CD4+T cells expressing CD40L. Antitumor CD8+ T cells entered tumors shortly after radiotherapy, reversed MDSC infiltration, and mediated durable remissions in an IFN-γ dependent manner. Interestingly, extended fractionated radiation regimen did not result in robust CD8+ T-cell infiltration.Prostate cancers develop immunosuppressive microenvironment resisting current treatments and the emerging immunotherapies. Hossain and colleagues identified a population of Lin−CD15HICD33LO granulocytic MDSCs (G-MDSCs) accumulating in patients during prostate cancer progression. The G-MDSCs secreted large amounts of Arginase 1, thereby suppressing T cells' proliferation and activity. The MDSC functions were under control of the STAT3 transcription factor and a central immune checkpoint regulator. To functionally eliminate prostate cancer-associated G-MDSC, the authors successfully employed an siRNA-based approach to silence STAT3 specifically in TLR9-expressing G-MDSCs. These findings underscore the potential of oligonucleotide-based therapeutics to alleviate immunosuppressive signaling in advanced prostate cancers.
Author's reply
Authors: S T Weiss, A A Litonjua
Journal: Thorax (2008)

Natural antibodies are primarily produced by B-1a cells and are essential for protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae. The incidence and mortality rate for pneumococcal infection increases dramatically after age 65, disproportionately affecting males in both human and murine systems. To date, there is a significant gap in our understanding of the relationship among sex, aging, natural IgM efficacy, and IgM repertoire. Our investigation demonstrates the protective capacity of serum IgM against pneumococcal infection is maintained in IgM obtained from aged female mice but absent in IgM from aged male mice. To understand this difference in protective capacity, we examined serum immunoglobulin, discovering that the protective change was not associated with shifts in levels of phosphorylcholine (PC) nor PPS3-specific IgM. Interestingly, we observed aged females have an increase in the total number of B-1a cells, higher serum IL-5 levels, and a larger percentage of aged female B-1a cells expressed CD86 as compared to aged males. Furthermore, single-cell IgM repertoire analysis from peritoneal and splenic PC+ B-1a cell subsets demonstrated greater diversity with age and a higher level of germline status in female mice than previously observed in studies of aged male mice. Aged female B-1a cells also expressed higher levels of transcripts associated with cell activity and self-renewal, such as Nanog and Hmga2. Together, these data indicate females maintain a more diverse and active B-1a cell pool and natural IgM repertoire, which has implications for sex-related susceptibility to infection and disease. Supported by grants from NIH NIAID (R01AI154539)&nbsp;
Olanzapine vs Haloperidol for Treatment of Schizophrenia
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical schools in the United States
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Molecular Epidemiology and Its Clinical Application
Authors: James R. Lupski
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Molecular methods have become increasingly applicable to the epidemiologic analysis of infectious disease outbreaks. Although traditional methods to characterize epidemic strains have relied on the measurement of phenotypes, such as antibiotic resistance, phage typing, or serotyping, the newer molecular methods directly examine the genotype or DNA of a specific pathogenic strain. The genotypic-based molecular methods have greater discriminatory capabilities. In this issue ofThe Journal, two elegant studies<sup>1,2</sup>apply molecular methods to examine drug-resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>outbreaks. In each case, molecular epidemiologic analysis illuminated the outbreak source, and the results had important clinical ramifications. See also pp 1323 and 1329. Back et al<sup>1</sup>examined a recurrent epidemic of erythromycin resistant<i>S aureus</i>(ERSA) infections in a well-baby nursery, using restriction endonuclease analysis of plasmid DNA (otherwise known as plasmid profiling) and genomic DNA typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The first ERSA epidemic occurred during a 7-week period in
Methods of Psychiatric Research; an Introduction for Clinical Psychiatrists.
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Essay on the General Principles of the Treatment of Spinal Curvatures.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Оцінка якості життя пацієнтів із поєднаним перебігом неалкогольної жирової хвороби печінки та стабільними формами ішемічної хвороби серця
Authors: V.V. Ivachevska, I.V. Chopey
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2014)

У статті подано результати аналізу якості життя пацієнтів з ізольованим перебігом неалкогольної жирової хвороби печінки та в поєднанні зі стабільними формами ішемічної хвороби серця. Якість життя оцінювали методом анкетування із застосуванням опитувальника SF-36. Виявлено, що ішемічна хвороба серця обтяжує перебіг неалкогольної жирової хвороби печінки за показниками як фізичного, так і психосоціального здоров’я.
The Principles and Practice of Perimetry.
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Five Hundred Years of Specialty Certification and Compulsory Continuing Medical Education
Authors: Stephen R. Ell
Journal: JAMA (1984)

From 1300 to 1801, Venice required an early form of specialty certification for medical practice and the yearly attendance of refresher courses in anatomy by all licensed practitioners in the city. The latter requirement provoked ingenious evasions, which the Venetian government continually tried to overcome. This article describes the system and its implementation, based on Venetian archival documents. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:752-753)
Infusion of Floxuridine in the Treatment of Solid Tumors
Authors: Rose J. Papac
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Thirty-two patients with far advanced neoplastic diseases were treated with floxuridine therapy by continuous infusion. Three of 19 patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms obtained a response to treatment and four additional patients had a beneficial effect from therapy. Four of five patients with carcinoma of the breast had a response to the drug and in two of these, the duration of the response exceeded a year. These results were achieved with minimal associated side effects.
Assessing clinical competence and revalidation of clinicians
Authors: P. Burrows
Journal: BMJ (2001)

GMC: approaching the abyss Preservation is well worth the effortEditor-In his editorial on the General Medical Council, Smith asks a question that is in danger of becoming a self fulfilling prophecy. 1He fairly describes differences of view in the British medical profession about governance and the introduction of revalidation.He then asks whether it is worth expending the effort required to ensure the GMC's survival on the grounds of its being dysfunctional, even suggesting that it might be better to scrap it and start again.We write as a disparate group of senior doctors who have been intimately involved in the debate on the future of the GMC.We have held differing views about the solutions that might be offered but are united on the over-riding importance of professionally led regulation in partnership with the public.In this, we concur with Smith that most doctors wish to practise to the highest possible standards and that the model of the intrusive regulatory scrutiny practised by casino operators is totally inappropriate to the medical profession.We believe, from very different perspectives, that the GMC should be allowed to develop into a better organisation for doctors and, more importantly, for patients.Smith's implication that we should start looking at fresh alternatives begs the question as to who would be entrusted do this work and whether the result would be any better equipped for the challenges faced by a 21st century regulator in an increasingly complicated society.Any "fresh start" would still have to deal with governance and revalidation, which have been firmly placed on the current agenda by the present GMC.The abyss Smith describes is certainly there, and the GMC may be at its edge.Despite its current problems, however, the GMC is the crucible of our professionalism and without it doctors in this country would become mere technicians.Any alternative to professionally led regulation is unthinkable.
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 18, 18 September 1991, Pages 1291–1292, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.18.1291 Published: 18 September 1991
The Injured Self, Addiction, and Our Call to Medicine
Authors: Edward J. Khantzian
Journal: JAMA (1985)

OUR CALL as physicians to the profession of medicine involves complex motives. It is probably safe to say, however, that for most of us, making people healthier, taking care of patients, or repairing them plays some part. As we attend to the injuries and dysfunctions of our patients, we also attend to our own. The healing traditions constantly challenge us and our patients to address the need for restoration and well-being. I believe that most physicians are motivated by idealism and commitment in choosing medicine, and that our choice is rooted in a desire to offer comfort and care to others. In fact, much of our stress and burdens, as well as our satisfactions, derive from this deeper personal and professional meaning in our lives. The substance-dependent physician is a casualty of life's human challenges and the special challenges of the profession of medicine. Addiction can best be understood, I