tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sorting the wheat from the chaff: the innovative case of precision transpulmonary metabolomics
Authors: Adam M. Andruska, Roham T. Zamanian
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2023)

<h3>Tweetable abstract</h3> <b>Generally underappreciated, the lung is a site of tremendous metabolism. Transpulmonary profiles obtained in the cardiac cath lab have the potential to aid in biological discovery, inform tailored pharmacotherapy, and monitor for treatment response.</b>https://bit.ly/3Lv0fkl
<i>Notes from the Field: Mycobacterium abscessus</i> Outbreak Related to Contaminated Water Among Ventilator-Dependent Residents of a Pediatric Facility ― Pennsylvania, 2022
Authors: Jenna N. Sinkevitch, Julie Paoline, Aaron Smee, Sophie Jones, Kevin Spicer, Paige Gable, Hollis Houston, Valerie Stevens, Cara Bicking Kinsey
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2023)

Mycobacterium abscessus, a nontuberculous mycobacterium found in water and soil, is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for waterborne illness outbreaks in health care settings (1).On September 29, 2022, the Pennsylvania Department of Health (PADOH) received notification of M. abscessus-positive respiratory isolates from ventilator-dependent residents of a 34-bed pediatric facility.The facility is licensed for residential services, but not as a health care facility.A case was defined as the first M. abscessus-positive culture identified from a resident of this facility during March-August 2022.Three cases were identified: two colonizations and one clinical infection.PADOH investigated this outbreak to identify risk factors and recommend infection prevention and control (IPC) measures.
<i>Notes from the Field:</i> Severe <i>Bartonella quintana</i> Infections Among Persons Experiencing Unsheltered Homelessness — New York City, January 2020–December 2022
Authors: Shannan N. Rich, Amy Beeson, Leah Seifu, Kara Mitchell, Danielle Wroblewski, Stefan Juretschko, Marina Keller, Rachel Gnanaprakasam, Mariam Agladze, Rich Kodama, Tania Kupferman, Julu Bhatnagar, Roosecelis B. Martines, Sarah Reagan-Steiner, Sally Slavinski, Matthew J. Kuehnert, Camille Bergeron-Parent, Gabriella Corvese, Grace E. Marx, Joel Ackelsberg
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2023)
Progress Toward Measles and Rubella Elimination — Indonesia, 2013–2022
Authors: Stephen Chacko, Mushtofa Kamal, Endang Budi Hastuti, Fristika Mildya, Cornelia Kelyombar, Vivi Voronika, None Epid, Prima Yosephine, Gertrudis Tandy, Devi Anisiska, Sherli Karolina, Lulu Ariyantheny Dewi, Sudhir Khanal, Sunil Bahl, Fetty Wijayanti, Rebecca D. Merrill, Christopher H. Hsu, Michelle Morales
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2023)

In 2019, Indonesia and the other countries in the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region adopted the goal of measles and rubella elimination by 2023. This report describes Indonesia's progress toward measles and rubella elimination during 2013-2022. During this period, coverage with a first dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) decreased from 87% to 84%, and coverage with a second MCV dose decreased from 76% to 67%. After rubella vaccine was introduced in 2017, coverage with the first dose of rubella-containing vaccine increased approximately fivefold, from 15% in 2017 to 84% in 2022. During 2013-2021, annual reported measles incidence decreased by 95%, from 33.2 to 1.4 cases per million population; reported rubella incidence decreased 89%, from 9.3 to 1.0 cases per million population. However, a large surge in measles and rubella cases occurred in 2022, with a reported measles incidence of 29 cases per million and a reported rubella incidence of 3 per million, primarily related to disruption in immunization services caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, approximately 26 million children (an estimated 73% of the target population) received a combined measles- and rubella-containing vaccine during supplementary immunization activities completed in 32 provinces. Progress toward measles and rubella elimination in Indonesia has been made; however, continued and urgent efforts are needed to restore routine immunization services that were adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and close immunity gaps to accelerate progress toward measles and rubella elimination.
Preventable Deaths During Widespread Community Hepatitis A Outbreaks — United States, 2016–2022
Authors: Megan G. Hofmeister, Neil Gupta, Priscilla Lauro, E. Marilea Brock, Alan May, Cherie Smith, Olivia Arizmendi, Kerri Brown, Rachel H. Jervis, Ann Q. Shen, Ami P. Gandhi, Dawn Nims, Nicole Stone, Lauren Maxwell, Jennifer A. Khoury, Amanda K. Odegård, Douglas A. Thoroughman, Raychel N. Berkheimer, Jenna V. Iberg Johnson, Sean H. Simonson, Kompan Ngamsnga, Lindsay Bouton, Shauna Onofrey, Sharon Pagnano, Cole Burkholder, Theresa S. Kittle, John Bos, Kate Cleavinger, Nathan Koffarnus, Salena Savarda, Zuwen Qiu-Shultz, Devin Raman, Hannah Bowen, John J. Dreisig, Katrina E. Hansen, Patricia Amarilla, Troy Brancard, Mojisola Ojo, Marla M. Sievers, Justin P. Albertson, Susan M. Sullivan, Abdoulaye Diedhiou, LaKita D. Johnson, Jun Tang, Jane M. Brittingham, Danita C. Crear, Robb L. Garman, Elise M. Huebner, Binoj Peter, Marc Williamson, Bree Barbeau, MaryBeth DeMarco, Kelsey Holloman, Mary Chan, Hilary Armstrong, Jean-Jacques Kayembe Kashondo, Alana G. Hudson, Shannon McBee, Melissa A. Scott
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2023)

Hepatitis A is acquired through the fecal-oral route and is preventable by a safe and effective vaccine. Although hepatitis A is generally mild and self-limited, serious complications, including death, can occur. Since 2016, widespread hepatitis A outbreaks have been reported in 37 U.S. states, primarily among persons who use drugs and those experiencing homelessness. Nearly twice as many hepatitis A-related deaths were reported during 2016-2022 compared with 2009-2015. CDC analyzed data from 27 hepatitis A outbreak-affected states* that contributed data during August 1, 2016-October 31, 2022, to characterize demographic, risk factor, clinical, and cause-of-death data among 315 outbreak-related hepatitis A deaths from those states. Hepatitis A was documented as an underlying or contributing cause of death on 60% of available death certificates. Outbreak-related deaths peaked in 2019, and then decreased annually through 2022. The median age at death was 55 years; most deaths occurred among males (73%) and non-Hispanic White persons (84%). Nearly two thirds (63%) of decedents had at least one documented indication for hepatitis A vaccination, including drug use (41%), homelessness (16%), or coinfection with hepatitis B (12%) or hepatitis C (31%); only 12 (4%) had evidence of previous hepatitis A vaccination. Increasing vaccination coverage among adults at increased risk for infection with hepatitis A virus or for severe disease from infection is critical to preventing future hepatitis A-related deaths.
Dietary fructose-mediated adipocyte metabolism drives antitumor CD8+ T cell responses
Authors: Yuerong Zhang, Xiaoyan Yu, Rujuan Bao, Haiyan Huang, Chuanjia Gu, Qianming Lv, Qiaoqiao Han, Xian Du, Xu-Yun Zhao, Youqiong Ye, Ren Zhao, Jiayuan Sun, Qiang Zou
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2023)
Maternal and neonatal trauma during forceps and vacuum delivery must not be overlooked
Authors: Giulia M Muraca, Laura E Ralph, Penny Christensen, Rohan D’Souza, Roxana Geoffrion, Sarka Lisonkova, K S Joseph
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Operative vaginal deliveries-forceps and vacuum assisted deliveries-are recommended as safe, acceptable alternatives to caesarean delivery for women in the second stage of labour when descent of the fetal head is arrested, there is imminent risk to the baby, or there are conditions that contraindicate pushing (expulsive) efforts. 1 -3 Although available data on maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity show no clear advantage of operative vaginal delivery over caesarean delivery, such comparisons often fail to recognise the impact of maternal trauma, the most common injury associated with operative vaginal delivery. 3This is particularly pertinent in Canada, which has the highest rate of maternal trauma after operative vaginal deliveries among high income countries (fig 1).
An activity-based functional test for identifying homologous recombination deficiencies across cancer types in real time
Authors: Chih-Ying Lee, Wen-Fang Cheng, Po-Han Lin, Yu-Li Chen, Shih-Han Huang, Kai-Hang Lei, Ko-Yu Chang, Min-Yu Ko, Peter Chi
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2023)

Homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair is a prerequisite for maintaining genome stability. Cancer cells displaying HR deficiency (HRD) are selectively eliminated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis). To date, sequencing of HR-associated genes and analyzing genome instability have been used as clinical predictions for PARPi therapy. However, these genetic tests cannot reflect dynamic changes in the HR status. Here, we have developed a virus- and activity-based functional assay to quantify real-time HR activity directly. Instead of focusing on a few HR-associated genes, our functional assay detects endpoint HR activity and establishes an activity threshold for identifying HRD across cancer types, validated by PARPi sensitivity and BRCA status. Notably, this fluorescence-based assay can be applied to primary ovarian cancer cells from patients to reflect their level of HRD, which is associated with survival benefits. Thus, our work provides a functional test to predict the response of primary cancer cells to PARPis.
In vivo macrophage engineering reshapes the tumor microenvironment leading to eradication of liver metastases
Authors: Thomas Kerzel, Giovanna Giacca, Stefano Beretta, Chiara Bresesti, Marco Notaro, Giulia Maria Scotti, Chiara Balestrieri, Tamara Canu, Miriam Redegalli, Federica Pedica, Marco Genua, Renato Ostuni, Anna Kajaste-Rudnitski, Masanobu Oshima, Giovanni Tonon, Ivan Merelli, Luca Aldrighetti, Paolo Dellabona, Nadia Coltella, Claudio Doglioni, Paola M.V. Rancoita, Francesca Sanvito, Luigi Naldini, Mario Leonardo Squadrito
Journal: Cancer Cell (2023)

Liver metastases are associated with poor response to current pharmacological treatments, including immunotherapy. We describe a lentiviral vector (LV) platform to selectively engineer liver macrophages, including Kupffer cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), to deliver type I interferon (IFNα) to liver metastases. Gene-based IFNα delivery delays the growth of colorectal and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma liver metastases in mice. Response to IFNα is associated with TAM immune activation, enhanced MHC-II-restricted antigen presentation and reduced exhaustion of CD8+ T cells. Conversely, increased IL-10 signaling, expansion of Eomes CD4+ T cells, a cell type displaying features of type I regulatory T (Tr1) cells, and CTLA-4 expression are associated with resistance to therapy. Targeting regulatory T cell functions by combinatorial CTLA-4 immune checkpoint blockade and IFNα LV delivery expands tumor-reactive T cells, attaining complete response in most mice. These findings support a promising therapeutic strategy with feasible translation to patients with unmet medical need.
Non-invasive temporal interference electrical stimulation of the human hippocampus
Authors: Ines R. Violante, Ketevan Alania, Antonino M. Cassarà, Esra Neufeld, Emma Acerbo, Romain Carron, Adam Williamson, Danielle L. Kurtin, Edward Rhodes, Adam Hampshire, Niels Kuster, Edward S. Boyden, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Nir Grossman
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2023)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) via implanted electrodes is used worldwide to treat patients with severe neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, its invasiveness precludes widespread clinical use and deployment in research. Temporal interference (TI) is a strategy for non-invasive steerable DBS using multiple kHz-range electric fields with a difference frequency within the range of neural activity. Here we report the validation of the non-invasive DBS concept in humans. We used electric field modeling and measurements in a human cadaver to verify that the locus of the transcranial TI stimulation can be steerably focused in the hippocampus with minimal exposure to the overlying cortex. We then used functional magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral experiments to show that TI stimulation can focally modulate hippocampal activity and enhance the accuracy of episodic memories in healthy humans. Our results demonstrate targeted, non-invasive electrical stimulation of deep structures in the human brain.
<i>Notes from the Field:</i> Firearm Homicide Rates, by Race and Ethnicity — United States, 2019–2022
Authors: Scott R. Kegler, Thomas R. Simon, Steven A. Sumner
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2023)

The rate of firearm homicide in the United States rose sharply from 2019 through 2020, reaching a level not seen in more than 2 decades, with ongoing and widening racial and ethnic disparities (1).During 2020-2021, the rate increased again (2).This report provides provisional firearm homicide data for 2022, stratified by race and ethnicity, presented both annually and by month (or quarter) to document subannual changes.
The illegal drugs market is changing—is the UK prepared?
Authors: Niamh Eastwood, Shayla S Schlossenberg
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Synthetic opioids are entering the drugs supply chain in the UK, resulting in rising overdose deaths—we need to act urgently to avoid a crisis similar to that in North America, write <b>Niamh Eastwood</b> and <b>Shayla Schlossenberg</b>
Seven days in medicine: 11-17 October
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Waiting listsMore people are waiting longer in England A further 65 000 people in England joined the NHS waiting list for hospital treatment in August, bringing the total to 7.75 million. 1Two fifths (42%) had been waiting more than 18 weeks, with nearly 400 000 patients waiting for more than a year, data from NHS England showed.In September more than 33 000 patients spent at least 12 hours in accident and emergency departments waiting for a bed.Thea Stein, chief executive of the health think tank the Nuffield Trust, said, "It's an unavoidable truth that whoever takes power at the next election will need to spend more on the NHS and healthcare.
Dual-responsive supramolecular photodynamic nanomedicine with activatable immunomodulation for enhanced antitumor therapy
Authors: Siqin He, Lulu Wang, Dongxu Wu, Fan Tong, Huan Zhao, Hanmei Li, Tao Gong, Huile Gao, Yang Zhou
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2023)

A major challenge facing photodynamic therapy (PDT) is that the activity of the immune-induced infiltrating CD8+ T cells is subject to the regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs), leaving the tumor at risk of recurrence and metastasis after the initial ablation. To augment the antitumor response and reprogram the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), a supramolecular photodynamic nanoparticle (DACss) is constructed by the host-guest interaction between demethylcantharidin-conjugated β-cyclodextrin (DMC-CD) and amantadine-terminated disulfide-conjugated FFVLGGGC peptide with chlorin e6 decoration (Ad-ss-pep-Ce6) to achieve intelligent delivery of photosensitizer and immunomodulator for breast cancer treatment. The acid-labile β-carboxamide bond of DMC-CD is hydrolyzed in response to the acidic TME, resulting in the localized release of DMC and subsequent inhibition of Tregs. The guest molecule Ad-ss-pep-Ce6 can be cleaved by a high level of intracellular GSH, reducing photosensitizer toxicity and increasing photosensitizer retention in the tumor. With a significant increase in the CTL/Treg ratio, the combination of Ce6-based PDT and DMC-mediated immunomodulation adequately achieved spatiotemporal regulation and remodeling of the TME, as well as improved primary tumor and in situ lung metastasis suppression with the aid of PD-1 antibody.
“European Society of Clinical Microbiology and infectious Diseases Guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of brain abscess in children and adults” Author's reply
Authors: Jacob Bodilsen, Quintino Giorgio D'Alessandris, Hilary Humphreys, Mildred A. Iro, Matthias Klein, Katharina Last, Inmaculada López Montesinos, Pasquale Pagliano, Oğuz Reşat Sipahi, Rafael San-Juan, Pierre Tattevin, Majda Thurnher, Rogelio de J. Treviño-Rangel, Matthijs C. Brouwer
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2023)
Effect of head-mounted virtual reality and vibrotactile feedback in ERD during motor imagery Brain–computer interface training
Authors: Diogo Batista, Gustavo Caetano, Mathis Fleury, Patricia Figueiredo, Athanasios Vourvopoulos
Journal: Brain-Computer Interfaces (2023)

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) can provide a non-muscular channel of control to stroke patients for motor rehabilitation. This can be achieved through the use of motor imagery (MI) training, involving the modulation of sensorimotor rhythms. The practice of MI has been shown to be able to strengthen key motor pathways when reinforced with rewarding feedback. Recently, there has been a growing evidence of the positive impact of embodied virtual reality (VR) and vibrotactile feedback in MI training. Nonetheless, it is not yet clear what the optimal MI-BCI setup is for evoking stronger sensorimotor rhythms in VR. In this study, we investigate the impact of head-mounted VR, and vibrotactile feedback during MI-BCI training in the induced sensorimotor rhythms. To achieve this, 19 healthy subjects performed MI training with embodied VR between four conditions: head-mounted vs. screen VR, with and without vibrotactile feedback; and two control conditions: abstract MI without embodied feedback, and motor execution. The event-related desynchronization (ERD) and the lateralization indices (LI) of the Alpha and Beta EEG rhythms were analyzed in a within-subject design. Results show that the combination of vibrotactile feedback and embodied VR can induce stronger and more lateralized Alpha ERD; nonetheless, LI was not significantly different across conditions.
Advances in medical image analysis with vision Transformers: A comprehensive review
Authors: Reza Azad, Amirhossein Kazerouni, Moein Heidari, Ehsan Khodapanah Aghdam, Amirali Molaei, Yiwei Jia, Abin Jose, Rijo Roy, Dorit Merhof
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2023)
JHEP at a glance (November 2023)
Authors: Adriana Roca-Fernandez, Rajarshi Banerjee, Helena Thomaides-Brears, Michele Lai, Andrea Dennis, Amitava Banerjee, Bo Li, Ziyi Yang, Fei Mao, Yuping Song, Jie Jin, Yan Lu, Arun Sanyal, Vlad Ratziu, Rohit Loomba, Rina Leyva, Stephen Harrison, Zobair Younossi, L Thompson, Sabrina Plitt, Karen Doucette, Kristin Klein, Joan Robinson, Carmen Charlton, David Kuter, Herbert Bonkovsky, Susana Monroy, Gang Jia, Marianne Sweetser, Manish Thapar, Alessandro Parente, Fabio Tirotta, Alessia Pini, Tommaso Manzia, Philipp Dutkowski, Andrea Schlegel, Xiaolong Zhang, Pankaj Sharma, Patrick Maschmeyer, Derya Unutmaz, Robert Schwabe, Florian Winau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2023)
Contents
Authors: P Burra, F Tacke, V Ratziu, S Zeuzem, B Sangro, P Angeli, A Krag, M Buti, J Lazarus, A Allen, J Bowman, G Donnini, A Duseja, M El-Sayed, A Gastaldelli, B Hainsworth, T Karlsen, M Kessler, M Korenjak, H Mark, J Mann, V Miller, M Pessoa, D Piñeiro, S Sarin, S Singh, M Rinella, J Willemse, Z Younossi, S Francque, K Mouzannar, T Liang, B Badal, I Cox, J Bajaj, A Roca-Fernandez, R Banerjee, H Thomaides-Brears, A Telford, A Sanyal, S Neubauer, T Nichols, B Raman, C Mccracken, S Petersen, N Ntusi, D Cuthbertson, M Lai, A Dennis, A Banerjee, B Li, Z Yang, F Mao, W Gong, Q Su, J Yang, B Liu, Y Song, J Jin, Y Lu, R Loomba, Q Anstee, K Kowdley, M Sheikh, J Trotter, W Knapple, E Lawitz, M Abdelmalek, P Newsome, J Boursier, P Mathurin, J.-F Dufour, M Berrey, S Shiff, S Sawhney, T Capozza, R Leyva, S Harrison, L Thompson, S Plitt, K Doucette, C Coffin, K Klein, J Robinson, C Charlton, F Lempp, T Volz, E Cameroni, F Benigni, J Zhou, L Rosen, J Noack, F Zatta, H Kaiser, S Bianchi, G Lombardo, S Jaconi, L Vincenzetti, H Imam, L Soriaga, N Passini, D Belnap, A Schulze, M Lütgehetmann, A Telenti, A Cathcart, G Snell, L Purcell, C Hebner, S Urban, M Dandri, D Corti, M Schmid, E Gane, W Kim, T Lim, P Tangkijvanich, J.-H Yoon, W Sievert, W Sukeepaisarnjaroen, A Thompson, V Pavlovic, B Surujbally, C Wat, B Brown, H Achneck, M.-F Yuen, D Kuter, H Bonkovsky, S Monroy, G Ross, E Guillén-Navarro, A.-E Cappellini, O Minder, P Hother-Nielsen, G Ventura, M Jia, M Sweetser, Y Zhang, W Tan, X Wang, X Zheng, Y Huang, Z Meng, Y Gao, Z Qian, F Liu, X Lu, Y Shi, J Shang, H Yan, Y Zheng, W.- L Zhang, W Gu, L Qiao, G Deng, Y Zhou, Y Hou, Q Zhang, S Xiong, J Liu, L Duan, R Chen, J Chen, X Jiang, S Luo, Q Sun, Q Guan, Z.-Z Zhang, Q He, J He, Z Ji, W Tian, X Xu, Y Liu, Y Yin, C Zheng, S Lian, B Xu, P Wang, R Jiang, B Sun, L Wang, L Zhu, C Liang, X Huang, Z Liu, J Huo, L Chen, H.-M Xu, X Li, L Xu, M Kuang, C Wong, J Yu, J Kellum, M Nadim, D Samuel, R Morikawa, N Nakamoto, T Amiya, P.-S Chu, Y Koda, T Teratani, T Suzuki, Y Kurebayashi, A Ueno, N Taniki, K Miyamoto, A Yamaguchi, S Shiba, T Katayama, K Yoshida, Y Takada, R Ishihara, H Ebinuma, M Sakamoto, T Kanai, S.-T Cheng, J.-L Hu, J.-H Ren, H.-B Yu, S Zhong, V Wong, B Kwan Law, W.-X Chen, X.-F Cai, Y Hu, Q.-X Long, F Ren, H.-Z Zhou, A.-L Huang, J Howell, A Pedrana, S Schroeder, N Scott, L Aufegger, R Atun, R Baptista-Leite, G Hirnschall, E 't Hoen, S Hutchinson, L Olufunmilayo, R Peck, M Sharma, A Sohn, M Thursz, D Wilson, M Hellard, S.-Y Cai, D Yu, C Soroka, J Wang, J Boyer, D Chand, F Mohr, H Mcmillan, F Tukov, K Montgomery, A Kleyn, R Sun, S Tauscher-Wisniewski, P Kaufmann, G Kullak-Ublick, T Marjot, A Moon, J Cook, S Abd-Elsalam, C Aloman, M Armstrong, E Pose, E Brenner, T Cargill, M.-A Catana, R Dhanasekaran, A Eshraghian, I García-Juárez, U Gill, P Jones, J Kennedy, A Marshall, C Matthews, G Mells, C Mercer, P Perumalswami, E Avitabile, X Qi, F Su, N Ufere, Y Wong, M.-H Zheng, E Barnes, A Barritt, G Webb, M Tonon, S Rosi, C Gambino, S Piano, V Calvino, A Romano, A Martini, P Pontisso
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2023)
A real-world clinical validation for AI-based MRI monitoring in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Michael Barnett, Dongang Wang, Heidi Beadnall, Antje Bischof, David Brunacci, Helmut Butzkueven, J. William L. Brown, Mariano Cabezas, Tilak Das, Tej Dugal, Daniel Guilfoyle, Alexander Klistorner, Stephen Krieger, Kain Kyle, Linda Ly, Lynette Masters, Andy Shieh, Zihao Tang, Anneke van der Walt, Kayla Ward, Heinz Wiendl, Geng Zhan, Robert Zivadinov, Yael Barnett, Chenyu Wang
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2023)

Modern management of MS targets No Evidence of Disease Activity (NEDA): no clinical relapses, no magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disease activity and no disability worsening. While MRI is the principal tool available to neurologists for monitoring clinically silent MS disease activity and, where appropriate, escalating treatment, standard radiology reports are qualitative and may be insensitive to the development of new or enlarging lesions. Existing quantitative neuroimaging tools lack adequate clinical validation. In 397 multi-center MRI scan pairs acquired in routine practice, we demonstrate superior case-level sensitivity of a clinically integrated AI-based tool over standard radiology reports (93.3% vs 58.3%), relative to a consensus ground truth, with minimal loss of specificity. We also demonstrate equivalence of the AI-tool with a core clinical trial imaging lab for lesion activity and quantitative brain volumetric measures, including percentage brain volume loss (PBVC), an accepted biomarker of neurodegeneration in MS (mean PBVC -0.32% vs -0.36%, respectively), whereas even severe atrophy (>0.8% loss) was not appreciated in radiology reports. Finally, the AI-tool additionally embeds a clinically meaningful, experiential comparator that returns a relevant MS patient centile for lesion burden, revealing, in our cohort, inconsistencies in qualitative descriptors used in radiology reports. AI-based image quantitation enhances the accuracy of, and value-adds to, qualitative radiology reporting. Scaled deployment of these tools will open a path to precision management for patients with MS.