tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in Individuals With Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogue Treatment for Gender Dysphoria in Sweden
Authors: Georgios Karamanis, Thomas Frisell, Mats Holmberg, Maria Halldin, Sara Sylvén, Alkistis Skalkidou, Fotios C. Papadopoulos
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

This cohort study examines the incidence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IHH) among individuals in Sweden undergoing gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) treatment for gender dysphoria.
Cytochrome P450 Oxidoreductase (<i>POR</i>) Associated with Severe Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients of European Ancestry from ECOG-ACRIN E5103
Authors: Fei Shen, Guanglong Jiang, Santosh Philips, Laura Gardner, Gloria Xue, Erica Cantor, Reynold C. Ly, Wilberforce Osei, Xi Wu, Chau Dang, Donald Northfelt, Todd Skaar, Kathy D. Miller, George W. Sledge, Bryan P. Schneider
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

Abstract Purpose: Paclitaxel is a widely used anticancer therapeutic. Peripheral neuropathy is the dose-limiting toxicity and negatively impacts quality of life. Rare germline gene markers were evaluated for predicting severe taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN) in the patients of European ancestry. In addition, the impact of Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 metabolizer status on likelihood of severe TIPN was also assessed. Experimental Design: Whole-exome sequencing analyses were performed in 340 patients of European ancestry who received a standard dose and schedule of paclitaxel in the adjuvant, randomized phase III breast cancer trial, E5103. Patients who experienced grade 3–4 (n = 168) TIPN were compared to controls (n = 172) who did not experience TIPN. For the analyses, rare variants with a minor allele frequency ≤ 3% and predicted to be deleterious by protein prediction programs were retained. A gene-based, case–control analysis using SKAT was performed to identify genes that harbored an imbalance of deleterious variants associated with increased risk of severe TIPN. CYP star alleles for CYP2C8, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 were called. An additive logistic regression model was performed to test the association of CYP2C8, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 metabolizer status with severe TIPN. Results: Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) was significantly associated with severe TIPN (P value = 1.8 ×10−6). Six variants were predicted to be deleterious in POR. There were no associations between CYP2C8, CYP3A4, or CYP3A5 metabolizer status with severe TIPN. Conclusions: Rare variants in POR predict an increased risk of severe TIPN in patients of European ancestry who receive paclitaxel.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Efficacy Outcomes from Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Alessio Cortellini, Antonio D'Alessio, Siobhan Cleary, Sebastiano Buti, Melissa Bersanelli, Paola Bordi, Giuseppe Tonini, Bruno Vincenzi, Marco Tucci, Alessandro Russo, Francesco Pantano, Marco Russano, Luigia Stefania Stucci, Maria Chiara Sergi, Martina Falconi, Maria Antonietta Zarzana, Daniele Santini, Francesco Spagnolo, Enrica T. Tanda, Francesca Rastelli, Francesca Chiara Giorgi, Federica Pergolesi, Raffaele Giusti, Marco Filetti, Francesca Lo Bianco, Paolo Marchetti, Andrea Botticelli, Alain Gelibter, Marco Siringo, Marco Ferrari, Riccardo Marconcini, Maria Giuseppa Vitale, Linda Nicolardi, Rita Chiari, Michele Ghidini, Olga Nigro, Francesco Grossi, Michele De Tursi, Pietro Di Marino, Paola Queirolo, Sergio Bracarda, Serena Macrini, Alessandro Inno, Federica Zoratto, Enzo Veltri, Chiara Spoto, Maria Grazia Vitale, Katia Cannita, Alessandra Gennari, Daniel L. Morganstein, Domenico Mallardo, Lorenzo Nibid, Giovanna Sabarese, Leonardo Brunetti, Giuseppe Perrone, Paolo A. Ascierto, Corrado Ficorella, David J. Pinato
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

Abstract Purpose: No evidence exists as to whether type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) impairs clinical outcome from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with solid tumors. Experimental Design: In a large cohort of ICI recipients treated at 21 institutions from June 2014 to June 2020, we studied whether patients on glucose-lowering medications (GLM) for T2DM had shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). We used targeted transcriptomics in a subset of patients to explore differences in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of patients with or without diabetes. Results: A total of 1,395 patients were included. Primary tumors included non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; 54.7%), melanoma (24.7%), renal cell (15.0%), and other carcinomas (5.6%). After multivariable analysis, patients on GLM (n = 226, 16.2%) displayed an increased risk of death [HR, 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI),1.07–1.56] and disease progression/death (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.03–1.43) independent of number of GLM received. We matched 92 metformin-exposed patients with 363 controls and 78 patients on other oral GLM or insulin with 299 control patients. Exposure to metformin, but not other GLM, was associated with an increased risk of death (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.16–2.03) and disease progression/death (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.04–1.72). Patients with T2DM with higher pretreatment glycemia had higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.04), while exploratory tumoral transcriptomic profiling in a subset of patients (n = 22) revealed differential regulation of innate and adaptive immune pathways in patients with T2DM. Conclusions: In this study, patients on GLM experienced worse outcomes from immunotherapy, independent of baseline features. Prospective studies are warranted to clarify the relative impact of metformin over a preexisting diagnosis of T2DM in influencing poorer outcomes in this population.
Perspectives of Youths on the Ethical Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care Research and Clinical Care
Authors: Kelly Thai, Kate H. Tsiandoulas, Elizabeth A. Stephenson, Dolly Menna-Dack, Randi Zlotnik Shaul, James A. Anderson, Alexis R. Shinewald, Augustina Ampofo, Melissa D. McCradden
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Understanding the views and values of patients is of substantial importance to developing the ethical parameters of artificial intelligence (AI) use in medicine. Thus far, there is limited study on the views of children and youths. Their perspectives contribute meaningfully to the integration of AI in medicine. Objective To explore the moral attitudes and views of children and youths regarding research and clinical care involving health AI at the point of care. Design, Setting, and Participants This qualitative study recruited participants younger than 18 years during a 1-year period (October 2021 to March 2022) at a large urban pediatric hospital. A total of 44 individuals who were receiving or had previously received care at a hospital or rehabilitation clinic contacted the research team, but 15 were found to be ineligible. Of the 29 who consented to participate, 1 was lost to follow-up, resulting in 28 participants who completed the interview. Exposures Participants were interviewed using vignettes on 3 main themes: (1) health data research, (2) clinical AI trials, and (3) clinical use of AI. Main Outcomes and Measures Thematic description of values surrounding health data research, interventional AI research, and clinical use of AI. Results The 28 participants included 6 children (ages, 10-12 years) and 22 youths (ages, 13-17 years) (16 female, 10 male, and 3 trans/nonbinary/gender diverse). Mean (SD) age was 15 (2) years. Participants were highly engaged and quite knowledgeable about AI. They expressed a positive view of research intended to help others and had strong feelings about the uses of their health data for AI. Participants expressed appreciation for the vulnerability of potential participants in interventional AI trials and reinforced the importance of respect for their preferences regardless of their decisional capacity. A strong theme for the prospective use of clinical AI was the desire to maintain bedside interaction between the patient and their physician. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, children and youths reported generally positive views of AI, expressing strong interest and advocacy for their involvement in AI research and inclusion of their voices for shared decision-making with AI in clinical care. These findings suggest the need for more engagement of children and youths in health care AI research and integration.
Efficacy of Nivolumab in Pediatric Cancers with High Mutation Burden and Mismatch Repair Deficiency
Authors: Anirban Das, Uri Tabori, Lauren C. Sambira Nahum, Natalie B. Collins, Rebecca Deyell, Rina Dvir, Cecile Faure-Conter, Timothy E. Hassall, Jane E. Minturn, Melissa Edwards, Elissa Brookes, Vanessa Bianchi, Adrian Levine, Simone C. Stone, Sumedha Sudhaman, Santiago Sanchez Ramirez, Ayse B. Ercan, Lucie Stengs, Jill Chung, Logine Negm, Gad Getz, Yosef E. Maruvka, Birgit Ertl-Wagner, Pamela S. Ohashi, Trevor Pugh, Cynthia Hawkins, Eric Bouffet, Daniel A. Morgenstern
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

Checkpoint inhibitors have limited efficacy for children with unselected solid and brain tumors. We report the first prospective pediatric trial (NCT02992964) using nivolumab exclusively for refractory nonhematologic cancers harboring tumor mutation burden (TMB) ≥5 mutations/megabase (mut/Mb) and/or mismatch repair deficiency (MMRD).
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Risk of Parkinson Disease in Korea
Authors: Jihun Kang, Yeonghee Eun, Wooyoung Jang, Mi Hee Cho, Kyungdo Han, Jinhyoung Jung, Yunkyung Kim, Gun-tae Kim, Dong Wook Shin, Hyungjin Kim
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

Importance Although it has been postulated that chronic inflammation caused by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) contributes to the development of Parkinson disease (PD), the association between these 2 conditions has yet to be determined. Objective To evaluate the association between RA and subsequent PD risk. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study used the Korean National Health Insurance Service database to collect population-based, nationally representative data on patients with RA enrolled from 2010 to 2017 and followed up until 2019 (median follow-up, 4.3 [IQR, 2.6-6.4] years after a 1-year lag). A total of 119 788 patients who were first diagnosed with RA (83 064 with seropositive RA [SPRA], 36 724 with seronegative RA [SNRA]) were identified during the study period and included those who underwent a national health checkup within 2 years before the RA diagnosis date (64 457 patients). After applying exclusion criteria (eg, age &amp;amp;lt;40 years, other rheumatic diseases, previous PD), 54 680 patients (39 010 with SPRA, 15 670 with SNRA) were included. A 1:5 age- and sex-matched control group of patients without RA was also included for a total control population of 273 400. Exposures Rheumatoid arthritis as defined using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes M05 for SPRA and M06 (except M06.1 and M06.4) for SNRA; prescription of any disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; and enrollment in the Korean Rare and Intractable Diseases program. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was newly diagnosed PD. Data were analyzed from May 10 through August 1, 2022, using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Results From the 328 080 individuals analyzed (mean [SD] age, 58.6 [10.1] years; 74.9% female and 25.1% male), 1093 developed PD (803 controls and 290 with RA). Participants with RA had a 1.74-fold higher risk of PD vs controls (95% CI, 1.52-1.99). An increased risk of PD was found in patients with SPRA (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.95; 95% CI, 1.68-2.26) but not in patients with SNRA (aHR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.91-1.57). Compared with the SNRA group, those with SPRA had a higher risk of PD (aHR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.20-2.16). There was no significant interaction between covariates on risk of PD. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, RA was associated with an increased risk of PD, and seropositivity of RA conferred an augmented risk of PD. The findings suggest that physicians should be aware of the elevated risk of PD in patients with RA and promptly refer patients to a neurologist at onset of early motor symptoms of PD without synovitis.
Physical and Behavioral Factors Associated With Improvement in Physical Health and Function Among US Women During Midlife
Authors: Leah M. Santacroce, Nancy E. Avis, Alicia B. Colvin, Kristine Ruppert, Carrie Karvonen-Gutierrez, Daniel H. Solomon
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Women often experience physiological and functional changes in their health during midlife. Identifying women who have clinically important improvements in physical health and function and evaluating the factors associated with these improvements can identify intervention targets at midlife. Objective To identify factors associated with improvements in physical health and function among women during midlife. Design, Setting, and Participants Participants were part of the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a diverse cohort of US women early in midlife, and followed up annually for up to 21 years between 1996 and 2017. Analyses were based on visit 8 (2004-2006) through visit 15 (2015-2017). Statistical analysis was conducted from October 2021 to March 2023. Exposures Sociodemographic indicators, health status measures, and comorbidities measured at visit 8. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was a clinically important (≥5 points) improvement in the physical component score (PCS) of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey between visit 8 and visit 15. Results Of the 1807 women (at visit 8: mean [SD] age, 54.5 [2.7] years; 898 [50%] White participants) in SWAN who qualified for analysis, 265 (15%) experienced a clinically important improvement in PCS over a median of 11.1 years (IQR, 10.9-11.4 years). Factors associated with improvement in PCS included no financial strain (odds ratio [OR], 1.73; 95% CI, 1.18-2.52), no sleep disturbances (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.05-1.96), no osteoarthritis (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.01-1.99), and having a higher physical activity score (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.00-1.37) as assessed at visit 8. Women who had a higher PCS at visit 8 (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.83-0.86), who had a higher body mass index (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93-0.97), or who were taking more medications (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88-0.98) had lower odds of an improved PCS. Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study of women in midlife suggests that approximately 15% of women experienced clinically important improvements in health and function over an 11-year period. Several potentially modifiable factors associated with improvements may inform women of variables to target for future interventions.
Physical Fitness and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Risk Among Children and Adolescents in Taiwan
Authors: Chun-Ying Wu, Li-Lin Liang, Hsiu J. Ho, Chen-Te Hsu, Hsiu-Tao Hsu, Chon-Kit Ao, Chen-Yi Wu, Yi-Hsian Lin, Yi-Fang Chuang, Yao-Chun Hsu, Yi-Ju Chen, Siew C. Ng
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in newly industrialized countries but disease etiologies remain unclear.
Philips Respironics Recalled CPAP/BPAP Masks
Authors: Sonal Malhotra, Mohammed Alzoubaidi, Ashesha Mechineni
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

"Philips Respironics Recalled CPAP/BPAP Masks." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 207(9), pp. P3–P4
Underreported Sexual Harassment Gives False Impression That the Situation Is Better Than It Is—Reply
Authors: Elizabeth M. Viglianti, Lisa M. Meeks, Andrea L. Oliverio
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Underreported Sexual Harassment Gives False Impression That the Situation Is Better Than It Is
Authors: Amy Joy Houtrow
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Physical Activity Trajectories and Functional Recovery After Acute Stroke Among Adults in Sweden
Authors: Dongni Buvarp, Adam Viktorisson, Felix Axelsson, Elias Lehto, Linnea Lindgren, Erik Lundström, Katharina S. Sunnerhagen
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance The optimum level and timing of poststroke physical activity interventions to enhance functional recovery remain unclear. Objective To assess the level of physical activity in the first 6 months after stroke among individuals with similar physical activity patterns over time and to investigate the association between physical activity trajectories and functional recovery at 6 months after stroke. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study obtained data from the Efficacy of Fluoxetine–a Randomized Controlled Trial in Stroke, which was conducted in 35 stroke and rehabilitation centers across Sweden from October 2014 to June 2019. Adult participants (aged &amp;amp;gt;18 years) were recruited between 2 and 15 days after stroke onset and followed up for 6 months. Participants who withdrew or were lost to follow-up were excluded from the longitudinal analysis. Data analyses were performed between August 15 and October 28, 2022. Exposures Physical activity was assessed at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Multiple factors associated with physical activity trajectories were investigated. Association of the distinct trajectories with functional recovery was assessed in multivariable logistic regression. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were the distinct physical activity trajectories over time, which were identified using group-based trajectory modeling. The secondary outcome was the functional recovery at 6 months after stroke, which was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale. Results Of the 1367 included participants (median [IQR] age, 72 years [65-79] years; 844 males [62%]), 2 distinct trajectory groups were identified: increaser (n = 720 [53%]) and decreaser (647 [47%]). The increaser group demonstrated a significant increase in physical activity level (mean difference, 0.27; linear slope β 1 = 0.46; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) and sustained it at light intensity from 1 week to 6 months, whereas the decreaser group showed a decline in physical activity and eventually became inactive (mean difference, −0.26; linear slope β 1 = 1.81; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Male participants and those with normal cognition had higher odds of being in the increaser group, regardless of stroke severity. Increasing physical activity and sustaining it at light intensity were associated with a good functional outcome at 6 months (adjusted odds ratio, 2.54; 99% CI, 1.72-3.75; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Conclusions ad Relevance Results of this study suggest that increased physical activity was associated with functional recovery 6 months after stroke. Interventions targeting individuals with decreasing physical activity in the subacute phase of stroke may play a role in improved functional outcomes.
Private Equity in US Health Care—Now Cradle to Grave?
Authors: Francis J. Crosson, Isabel R. Ostrer, Cary P. Gross
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Osteoclast-targeted delivery of anti-miRNA oligonucleotides by red blood cell extracellular vesicles
Authors: Limei Xu, Xiao Xu, Yujie Liang, Caining Wen, Kan Ouyang, Jiadai Huang, Yin Xiao, Xin Deng, Jiang Xia, Li Duan
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2023)