tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The FMG and Licensure
Authors: William A. Sodeman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The growth rate of the physician population in the United States in recent years has exceeded the growth rate of the population. Although the United States is producing more physicians to effect this change, a substantial portion of the gain has resulted from entry of increasing numbers of foreign medical graduates (FMGs). In 1970, the net increase in the physician population was 9,102; one third, or 3,016 were newly licensed FMGs. Also, 27% of interns and 33% of residents in US hospitals were FMGs. That same year, 3,158 FMGs immigrated to the United States, and 5,365 physicians came here as exchange visitors or temporary workers. Some of the latter will become permanent residents. Problems in medical licensure continue to vex foreign physicians who decide to stay in this country and practice. It is alleged that graduates of foreign medical schools must often take multiple examinations not only for internship but
Wound Botulism Among Black Tar Heroin Users— Washington, 2003
Journal: JAMA (2003)

During August 22-26, 2003, four injection-drug users (IDUs) in Yakima County, Washington, sought medical care at the same hospital with complaints of several days of weakness, drooping eyelids, blurred vision, and difficulty speaking and swallowing. All four were regular, nonintravenous injectors of black tar heroin (BTH), and one also snorted BTH. This report summarizes the investigation of these cases, which implicated wound botulism (WB) as the cause of illness.
Progress Toward Global Eradication of Dracunculiasis, January-June 2003
Journal: JAMA (2003)

In 1986, the World Health Assembly (WHA) called for the elimination of dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease), a parasitic infection in humans caused by Dracunculus medinensis. At the time, an estimated 3.5 million cases were occurring annually in 20 countries in Africa and Asia, and 120 million persons were at risk for the disease. Because of slow mobilization in countries with endemic disease, the 1991 WHA goal to eradicate dracunculiasis globally by 1995 was not achieved. In 2004, WHA established a new target date of 2009 for global eradication; despite considerable progress, that target date also was not met. This report updates both published and previously unpublished data and updates progress toward global eradication of dracunculiasis since January 2009. At the end of December 2009, dracunculiasis remained endemic in four countries (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, and Sudan). The number of indigenous cases of dracunculiasis worldwide had decreased 31%, from 4,613 in 2008 to 3,185 in 2009. Of the 766 cases that occurred during January--June 2010, a total of 745 (97%) were reported from 380 villages in Sudan. Ghana, Ethiopia, and Mali each are close to interrupting transmission, as indicated by the small and declining number of cases. The current target is to complete eradication in all four countries as quickly as possible. Insecurity (e.g., sporadic violence or civil unrest) in areas of Sudan and Mali where dracunculiasis is endemic poses the greatest threat to the success of the global dracunculiasis eradication program.
Chloroquine Retinopathy
Authors: H E HENKES
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The American Illustrated Medical Dictionary: A Complete Dictionary of the Terms Used in Medicine, Surgery, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Chemistry, Nursing, Veterinary Science, Biology, Medical Biography, etc., with the Pronunciation, Derivation, and Definition
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clonal evolution in primary breast cancers under sequential epirubicin and docetaxel monotherapy
Authors: Andreas Venizelos, Christina Engebrethsen, Wei Deng, Jürgen Geisler, Stephanie Geisler, Gjertrud T. Iversen, Turid Aas, Hildegunn S. Aase, Manouchehr Seyedzadeh, Eli Sihn Steinskog, Ola Myklebost, Sigve Nakken, Daniel Vodak, Eivind Hovig, Leonardo A. Meza-Zepeda, Per E. Lønning, Stian Knappskog, Hans P. Eikesdal
Journal: Genome Medicine (2022)

Abstract Background Subclonal evolution during primary breast cancer treatment is largely unexplored. We aimed to assess the dynamic changes in subclonal composition of treatment-naïve breast cancers during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods We performed whole exome sequencing of tumor biopsies collected before, at therapy switch, and after treatment with sequential epirubicin and docetaxel monotherapy in 51 out of 109 patients with primary breast cancer, who were included in a prospectively registered, neoadjuvant single-arm phase II trial. Results There was a profound and differential redistribution of subclones during epirubicin and docetaxel treatment, regardless of therapy response. While truncal mutations and main subclones persisted, smaller subclones frequently appeared or disappeared. Reassessment of raw data, beyond formal mutation calling, indicated that the majority of subclones seemingly appearing during treatment were in fact present in pretreatment breast cancers, below conventional detection limits. Likewise, subclones which seemingly disappeared were still present, below detection limits, in most cases where tumor tissue remained. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) dropped during neoadjuvant therapy, and copy number analysis demonstrated specific genomic regions to be systematically lost or gained for each of the two chemotherapeutics. Conclusions Sequential epirubicin and docetaxel monotherapy caused profound redistribution of smaller subclones in primary breast cancer, while early truncal mutations and major subclones generally persisted through treatment. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00496795 , registered on July 4, 2007.
REViewer: haplotype-resolved visualization of read alignments in and around tandem repeats
Authors: Egor Dolzhenko, Ben Weisburd, Kristina Ibañez, Indhu-Shree Rajan-Babu, Christine Anyansi, Mark F. Bennett, Kimberley Billingsley, Ashley Carroll, Samuel Clamons, Matt C. Danzi, Viraj Deshpande, Jinhui Ding, Sarah Fazal, Andreas Halman, Bharati Jadhav, Yunjiang Qiu, Phillip A. Richmond, Christopher T. Saunders, Konrad Scheffler, Joke J. F. A. van Vugt, Ramona R. A. J. Zwamborn, Samuel S. Chong, Jan M. Friedman, Arianna Tucci, Heidi L. Rehm, Michael A. Eberle
Journal: Genome Medicine (2022)

Abstract Background Expansions of short tandem repeats are the cause of many neurogenetic disorders including familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington disease, and many others. Multiple methods have been recently developed that can identify repeat expansions in whole genome or exome sequencing data. Despite the widely recognized need for visual assessment of variant calls in clinical settings, current computational tools lack the ability to produce such visualizations for repeat expansions. Expanded repeats are difficult to visualize because they correspond to large insertions relative to the reference genome and involve many misaligning and ambiguously aligning reads. Results We implemented REViewer, a computational method for visualization of sequencing data in genomic regions containing long repeat expansions and FlipBook, a companion image viewer designed for manual curation of large collections of REViewer images. To generate a read pileup, REViewer reconstructs local haplotype sequences and distributes reads to these haplotypes in a way that is most consistent with the fragment lengths and evenness of read coverage. To create appropriate training materials for onboarding new users, we performed a concordance study involving 12 scientists involved in short tandem repeat research. We used the results of this study to create a user guide that describes the basic principles of using REViewer as well as a guide to the typical features of read pileups that correspond to low confidence repeat genotype calls. Additionally, we demonstrated that REViewer can be used to annotate clinically relevant repeat interruptions by comparing visual assessment results of 44 FMR1 repeat alleles with the results of triplet repeat primed PCR. For 38 of these alleles, the results of visual assessment were consistent with triplet repeat primed PCR. Conclusions Read pileup plots generated by REViewer offer an intuitive way to visualize sequencing data in regions containing long repeat expansions. Laboratories can use REViewer and FlipBook to assess the quality of repeat genotype calls as well as to visually detect interruptions or other imperfections in the repeat sequence and the surrounding flanking regions. REViewer and FlipBook are available under open-source licenses at https://github.com/illumina/REViewer and https://github.com/broadinstitute/flipbook respectively.
Safety and immunogenicity following a homologous booster dose of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine (NVX-CoV2373): a secondary analysis of a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial
Authors: Raburn M Mallory, Neil Formica, Susan Pfeiffer, Bethanie Wilkinson, Alex Marcheschi, Gary Albert, Heather McFall, Michelle Robinson, Joyce S Plested, Mingzhu Zhu, Shane Cloney-Clark, Bin Zhou, Gordon Chau, Andreana Robertson, Sonia Maciejewski, Holly L Hammond, Lauren Baracco, James Logue, Matthew B Frieman, Gale Smith, Nita Patel, Gregory M Glenn, Mark Adams, Mark Arya, Eugene Athan, Ira Berger, Paul Bradley, Toby Briskin, Richard Glover II, Paul Griffin, Joshua Kim, Scott Kitchener, Terry Klein, Amber Leah, Indika Leelasena, Charlotte Lemech, Jason Lickliter, Mary Beth Manning, Fiona Napier-Flood, Paul Nugent, Susan Thackwray, Mark Turner
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2022)
Ending tuberculosis in a post-COVID-19 world: a person-centred, equity-oriented approach
Authors: Theresa Ryckman, Katherine Robsky, Lucia Cilloni, Stella Zawedde-Muyanja, Ramya Ananthakrishnan, Emily A Kendall, Sourya Shrestha, Stavia Turyahabwe, Achilles Katamba, David W Dowdy
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2022)
Multifaceted roles of extracellular RNAs in different diseases
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad Sohail, Muhammad Babar Khawar, Ali Afzal, Ali Hassan, Sara Shahzaman, Ahmed Ali
Journal: Military Medical Research (2022)

Abstract Extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) are novel circulating factors that can be used as biomarkers in various diseases. Their unique and diverse kinds, as well as their role as biomarkers, make them significant biomarkers. There has been immense work carried out since the discovery of exRNAs in circulation and other biological fluids to catalog and determine whether exRNAs may be utilized as indicators for health and illness. In this review, we aim to understand the current state of exRNAs in relation to various diseases and their potential as biomarkers. We will also review current issues and challenges faced in using exRNAs, with clinical and lab trials, that can be used as viable markers for different diseases.
Endopeptidase Therapy for Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease: Beware of Anti-Hinge Antibodies!
Authors: Dorin-Bogdan Borza, Pallavi Manral
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2022)

We read with great interest the recent publication reporting an open-label phase 2a study of imlifidase (IdeS endoprotease) in severe anti–glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease.[1][1] IdeS specifically cleaves human IgG in the lower hinge region, producing an F(ab′)2 fragment and two
JAMA Cardiology
Authors: Patrick O'gara, Marc Sabatine, Clyde Boston, Ann Yancy, Michael Pencina, Carolina North, Robert Harrington, Adrian Hernandez, Mhs Durham, North Carolina, Ajay Kirtane, New York, Roxana Mehran, Pradeep Natarajan, Kristen Boston, Seattle Patton, Washington Udelson, Sadiya Khan, Gregg Fonarow, Los Angeles, Sharlene Day, Laine Thomas, Akhil Narang, Julia Getts, Eugene Braunwald, Judith Hochman, Donald Lloyd-Jones, Scm Chicago, Michael Parmacek, Daniel Simon, Sidney Smith, Chapel Hill, Carolina Douglas, E Vaughan, Myron Weisfeldt, Maryland Douglas, P Zipes, Paul Armstrong, Shinya Goto, Peter Liu, Renato Lopes, Carolina Prabhakaran, Hugh Watkins, Harvey White, Habib Yacoub, Frs London, Phil Fontanarosa, Annette Flanagin, Robert Golub, Michael Berkwits, Brenda Gregoline, Tracy Frey, Iris Lo, Kevin Brown, Bernadette Hromin, Erin Keenan, Rebecca Langley, Kris Simmons, Connie Manno, Sara Billings, Doug Brandt, Timothy Gray, Peter Olson, Juliet Orellana, Paul Ruich, Kirby Snell, Judith Ahlers, Stephanie Beckmeyer, Dawn Bielawski, Jane Calayag, Jan Clavey, Mary Coerver-Connolly, Amy Eutsey, Paul Jaworski, Ruth Kaufman, Laura King, Martha Lentz, Jenny Mackay, Nellie Mcgrew, Charon Pierson, Lori Ryan, Thressa Smith, Donna Thordsen, Christine Tilles, Cara Wallace, Becki Weiss, Christina West, Caroline Woods, Erin Kato, Jacob Kendall-Taylor, Monica Mungle, Lenette Gardner-Gullens, Fanny Brown, Anna Bukowski, Lee Calibeo, Jordan Faber, Andrew Given, Tosca Hall, Kenneth Otani, Caroline Sietmann, Angelia Waltower, Jesse Mcquarters, Elena Guobyte, Daniel Morrow, Shelly Steff, Deanna Bellandi, Jim Michalski, Eman Aly, Reuben Rios, Mary Ferkaluk, Jonathan Laxamana, Sidra Bonner, Heather Hsu, Andrew Ibrahim, Karen Bucher, Andy Rekito, Nick Reback, Lohitha Kethu, Marla Erson, Joseph Thornton, Thomas Easley, Brian Shields, Karen Adams-Taylor, Paul Gee, Monica Smith, Julie Burton, Ronna Hewitt, Mary Sieck, Geneine Someren, Jamaal Vargas, Content Systems, Mike Bujewski, Nathan Mitre, Digital Production, Regina Brownlee, Amanda Camino, Brenda Chandler-Grayer, Emily Dunn, Amy Evers, Maleeka Holden, Teri Hutchison, Dan Knowles, Joshua Lampinen, Natalie Marsh, Patricia Panek, Marla Seidell, La Son, Diggs Sledge, Julian Graphics, Joe Amft, Jonathan Chala, Maria Duda, Fred Furtner, Carolyn Hall, Maria Kowalkowski, Joy Farrell, Maria Giannini, Sasha Grossman, Kate Lander, Judith Literskis, Teresa Omiotek, Michael Ryder, James Madara, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Robert Bonow
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2022)

science, and evidence-based health policy.Health equity, especially when supported by original science, is a leading editorial priority.
Metabolic profiles of regulatory T cells and their adaptations to the tumor microenvironment: implications for antitumor immunity
Authors: Yuheng Yan, Lan Huang, Yiming Liu, Ming Yi, Qian Chu, Dechao Jiao, Kongming Wu
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2022)

Abstract Characterized by the expression of the critical transcription factor forkhead box protein P3, regulatory T (Treg) cells are an essential part of the immune system, with a dual effect on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and cancer. Targeting Tregs to reestablish the proinflammatory and immunogenic tumor microenvironment (TME) is an increasingly attractive strategy for cancer treatment and has been emphasized in recent years. However, attempts have been significantly hindered by the subsequent autoimmunity after Treg ablation owing to systemic loss of their suppressive capacity. Cellular metabolic reprogramming is acknowledged as a hallmark of cancer, and emerging evidence suggests that elucidating the underlying mechanisms of how intratumoral Tregs acquire metabolic fitness and superior immunosuppression in the TME may contribute to clinical benefits. In this review, we discuss the common and distinct metabolic profiles of Tregs in peripheral tissues and the TME, as well as the differences between Tregs and other conventional T cells in their metabolic preferences. By focusing on the critical roles of different metabolic programs, such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid synthesis, and amino acid metabolism, as well as their essential regulators in modulating Treg proliferation, migration, and function, we hope to provide new insights into Treg cell-targeted antitumor immunotherapies.
Measures of Utility Among Studies of Genomic Medicine for Critically Ill Infants
Authors: Katharine Press Callahan, Rebecca Mueller, John Flibotte, Emily A. Largent, Chris Feudtner
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Genomic medicine holds promise to revolutionize care for critically ill infants by tailoring treatments for patients and providing additional prognostic information to families. However, measuring the utility of genomic medicine is not straightforward and has important clinical and ethical implications. <h3>Objective</h3> To review the ways that researchers measure or neglect to measure the utility of genomic medicine for critically ill infants. <h3>Evidence Review</h3> This systematic review included prospective full-text studies of genomic medicine of both whole exome and genome sequencing in critically ill infants younger than 1 year. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the ClinicalTrials.gov register were searched with an English language restriction for articles published from the inception of each database through May 2022. Search terms included variations of the following:<i>gene</i>,<i>sequencing</i>,<i>intensive care</i>,<i>critical care</i>, and<i>infant</i>. From the included articles, information on how utility was defined and measured was extracted and synthesized. Information was also extracted from patient cases that authors highlighted by providing additional information. Spearman rank-order correlation was used to evaluate the association between study size and utility. <h3>Findings</h3> Synthesized data from the 21 included studies reflected results from 1654 patients. A mean of 46% (range, 15%-72%) of patients had a positive genetic test result, and a mean of 37% (range, 13%-61%) met the criteria for experiencing utility. Despite heterogeneity in how studies measured and reported utility, a standardized framework was created with 5 categories of utility: treatment change, redirection of care, prognostic information, reproductive information, and screening or subspecialty referral. Most studies omitted important categories of utility, notably personal utility (patient-reported benefits) (20 studies [95%]), utility of negative or uncertain results (15 [71%]), and disutility (harms) (20 [95%]). Studies disproportionally highlighted patient cases that resulted in treatment change. Larger studies reported substantially lower utility (<i>r</i> = −0.65;<i>P</i> = .002). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This systematic review found that genomic medicine offered various categories of utility for a substantial proportion of critically ill infants. Studies measured utility in heterogeneous ways and focused more on documenting change than assessing meaningful benefit. Authors’ decisions about which cases to highlight suggest that some categories of utility may be more important than others. A more complete definition of utility that is used consistently may improve understanding of potential benefits and harms of genetic medicine.
Erratum. Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Have an Increased Demand for Pacemaker Treatment: A Comparison With Age- and Sex-Matched Control Subjects From the General Population. Diabetes Care 2020;44:2853–2858
Authors: Elina Rautio, Fredrik Gadler, Soffia Gudbjörnsdottir, Stefan Franzén, Lars Rydén, Ann-Marie Svensson, Linda G. Mellbin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

In the above-referenced article, it was stated in the Research Design and Methods subsection "Statistical Analysis" and in the Results subsection "Demand for PM Treatment" that pacemaker implantations during the time of observation were expressed as number of events per 10,000 person-years; however, the correct number is events per 100,000 person-years. The authors apologize for the error. The online version of the article (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0084) has been updated with the correct data.