tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with early life immune perturbations
Authors: Casper-Emil Tingskov Pedersen, Anders Ulrik Eliasen, Matthias Ketzel, Jørgen Brandt, Steffen Loft, Lise Marie Frohn, Jibran Khan, Susanne Brix, Morten A. Rasmussen, Jakob Stokholm, Bo Chawes, Andreanne Morin, Carole Ober, Hans Bisgaard, Marie Pedersen, Klaus Bønnelykke
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)

Exposure to ambient air pollution has been linked to asthma, allergic rhinitis, and other inflammatory disorders, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms.We studied the potential mechanisms leading from prenatal ambient air pollution exposure to asthma and allergy in childhood.Long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) as well as to particulate matter with a diameter of ≤2.5 and ≤10 μm (PM2.5 and PM10) were modeled at the residence level from conception to 6 years of age in 700 Danish children followed clinically for development of asthma and allergy. Nasal mucosal immune mediators were assessed at age 4 weeks and 6 years, inflammatory markers in blood at 6 months, and nasal epithelial DNA methylation and gene expression at age 6 years.Higher prenatal air pollution exposure with NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 was associated with an altered nasal mucosal immune profile at 4 weeks, conferring an increased odds ratio [95% confidence interval] of 2.68 [1.58, 4.62] for allergic sensitization and 2.63 [1.18, 5.81] for allergic rhinitis at age 6 years, and with an altered immune profile in blood at age 6 months conferring increased risk of asthma at age 6 years (1.80 [1.18, 2.76]). Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution was not robustly associated with immune mediator, epithelial DNA methylation, or gene expression changes in nasal cells at age 6 years.Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution was associated with early life immune perturbations conferring risk of allergic rhinitis and asthma. These findings suggest potential mechanisms of prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution on the developing immune system.
Race and prostate cancer: genomic landscape
Authors: Camilo Arenas-Gallo, Jude Owiredu, Ilon Weinstein, Patrick Lewicki, Spyridon P. Basourakos, Randy Vince, Bashir Al Hussein Al Awamlh, Fredrick R. Schumacher, Daniel E. Spratt, Christopher E. Barbieri, Jonathan E. Shoag
Journal: Nature Reviews Urology (2022)
Low QRS Voltages in Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Alberto Cipriani, Laura De Michieli, Aldostefano Porcari, Luca Licchelli, Giulio Sinigiani, Giacomo Tini, Mattia Zampieri, Eugenio Sessarego, Alessia Argirò, Carlo Fumagalli, Monica De Gaspari, Roberto Licordari, Domitilla Russo, Gianluca Di Bella, Federico Perfetto, Camillo Autore, Beatrice Musumeci, Marco Canepa, Marco Merlo, Gianfranco Sinagra, Dario Gregori, Sabino Iliceto, Martina Perazzolo Marra, Francesco Cappelli, Claudio Rapezzi
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2022)

Low QRS voltages (LQRSVs) are a common electrocardiographic feature in patients with light chain amyloidosis (AL) and transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) cardiac amyloidosis (CA).The aim of this study was to identify clinical and echocardiographic correlates of LQRSV and to investigate their prognostic significance in patients with CA.This was a multicenter, retrospective study performed in 6 CA referral centers including consecutive patients with AL and ATTR CA. LQRSVs were defined as a QRS amplitude ≤5 mm (0.5 mV) in all peripheral leads. The study outcome was cardiovascular (CV) mortality.Overall, 411 (AL CA: n = 120, ATTR CA: n = 291) patients were included. LQRSVs were present in 66 (55%) patients with AL CA and 103 (35%) with ATTR CA (P < 0.001). In AL CA, LQRSVs were independently associated with younger age (P = 0.015), higher New York Heart Association functional class (P = 0.016), and natriuretic peptides (P = 0.041); in ATTR CA, LQRSVs were independently associated with pericardial effusion (P = 0.008) and lower tricuspid annulus peak systolic excursion (P = 0.038). During a median follow-up of 33 months (Q1-Q3: 21-46), LQRSVs independently predicted CV death in both AL CA (HR: 1.76; 95% CI: 2.41-10.18; P = 0.031) and ATTR CA (HR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.82-20.17; P = 0.005). Together with the National Amyloidosis Centre (NAC) staging, LQRSVs provided incremental prognostic value in ATTR CA (AUC for NAC model: 0.83 [95% CI: 0.77-0.89]; AUC for NAC + LQRSV model: 0.87 [95% CI: 0.81-0.93]; P = 0.040).LQRSVs are common but not ubiquitous in CA; they are more frequent in AL CA than in ATTR CA. LQRSVs reflect an advanced disease stage and independently predict CV death. In ATTR CA, LQRSVs can provide incremental prognostic accuracy over the NAC staging system in patients with intermediate risk.
Pregnancy and childbirth outcomes in women with myeloproliferative neoplasms—a nationwide population-based study of 342 pregnancies in Sweden
Authors: Anna Ravn Landtblom, Therese M.-L. Andersson, Anna L. V. Johansson, Sophia Brismar Wendel, Frida E. Lundberg, Jan Samuelsson, Magnus Björkholm, Malin Hultcrantz
Journal: Leukemia (2022)

Pregnancy and childbirth in women with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are reported to be associated with maternal thrombosis, hemorrhage, and placental dysfunction. To assess the risks of adverse events in pregnancy in women with MPN, we performed a large population-based study using Swedish health care registers, and included all pregnancies that had reached gestational week 22 (prior to 2008, week 28) during the years 1973-2017 in women with MPN. Control pregnancies were matched 1:1 for age, calendar year, and parity. We identified 342 pregnancies in 229 women with MPN. Preterm birth was significantly increased in pregnancies in MPN, 14% compared to 4% of pregnancies in controls (p < 0.001). Correspondingly, low birth weight (<2500 g) was also significantly increased in MPN pregnancies (p = 0.042). Stillbirth was rare, with two events (0.6%) in MPN, none in controls. Maternal thrombotic complications occurred in three (1%) of the pregnancies in MPN patients, compared to none in controls. Pregnancy-related bleeding affected 14% of pregnancies in MPN and 9% in controls (p < 0.110). Cesarean section was significantly more common in pregnancies in MPN. Incidence was 12.2 per 100.000 pregnancies. In summary, preterm birth was an important complication in MPN pregnancies, while maternal complications were less common than previously reported.
Three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy through virtual refocusing using a recursive light propagation network
Authors: Changyeop Shin, Hyun Ryu, Eun-Seo Cho, Seungjae Han, Kang-Han Lee, Cheol-Hee Kim, Young-Gyu Yoon
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2022)

Three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy has an intrinsic performance limit set by the number of photons that can be collected from the sample in a given time interval. Here, we extend our earlier work - a recursive light propagation network (RLP-Net) - which is a computational microscopy technique that overcomes such limitations through virtual refocusing that enables volume reconstruction from two adjacent 2-D wide-field fluorescence images. RLP-Net employs a recursive inference scheme in which the network progressively predicts the subsequent planes along the axial direction. This recursive inference scheme reflects that the law of physics for the light propagation remains spatially invariant and therefore a fixed function (i.e., a neural network) for a short distance light propagation can be recursively applied for a longer distance light propagation. In addition, we employ a self-supervised denoising method to enable accurate virtual light propagation over a long distance. We demonstrate the capability of our method through high-speed volumetric imaging of neuronal activity of a live zebrafish brain. The source code used in the paper is available at https://github.com/NICALab/rlpnet.
Impact of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction on Clinical Outcomes in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease
Authors: Sébastien Hecht, Steele C. Butcher, Stephan M. Pio, William K.F. Kong, Gurpreet K. Singh, Arnold C.T. Ng, Rebecca Perry, Kian Keong Poh, Ana G. Almeida, Ariana González, Mylène Shen, Tiong Cheng Yeo, Miriam Shanks, Bogdan A. Popescu, Laura Galian Gay, Marcin Fijałkowski, Michael Liang, Edgar Tay, Nina Ajmone Marsan, Joseph Selvanayagam, Fausto Pinto, Jose L. Zamorano, Arturo Evangelista, Victoria Delgado, Jeroen J. Bax, Philippe Pibarot
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Katja Zeppenfeld, Adrianus P. Wijnmaalen, Micaela Ebert, Samuel H. Baldinger, Antonio Berruezo, Valentina Catto, Marmar Vaseghi, Arash Arya, Saurabh Kumar, Marta de Riva, Thomas Deneke, Thomas Gaspar, Kyoko Soejima, Nienke van Rein, Usha B. Tedrow, Chistopher Piorkowski, Kalyanam Shivkumar, Corrado Carbucicchio, Gerhard Hindricks, William G. Stevenson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Outcomes of Repair of Congenital Aortic Valve Lesions Using Autologous Pericardium vs Porcine Intestinal Submucosa
Authors: Aditya Sengupta, Rebecca Beroukhim, Christopher W. Baird, Pedro J. Del Nido, Tal Geva, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Edward Marcus, Stephen P. Sanders, Meena Nathan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Signs and Symptoms
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Most physicians, if asked to distinguish between signs and symptoms, would reply in a fashion something like this: A<i>symptom</i>is a manifestation of disease apparent to the patient himself, while a<i>sign</i>is a manifestation of disease that the physician perceives. The sign is objective evidence of disease; a symptom, subjective. Symptoms represent the complaints of the patient, and if severe, they drive him to the doctor's office. If not severe, they may come to light only after suitable questions. The patient perceives, for example, subjective pains and discomforts [Doctor, I have a bad headache], or disturbances of function [Doctor, I can't move my arm the way I used to], or some simple appearance [Doctor, I have had this rash for the past ten days and I'm worried about it]. But the physician, as a skilled observer, can discern what the patient cannot. He can look, palpate and percuss,
Atrial Fibrillation Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Joseph P. Mathew
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the incidence, predictors, and cost of atrial fibrillation and flutter (AFIB) following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective observational study (MultiCenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia). <h3>Setting.</h3> —Twenty-four university-affiliated hospitals in the United States from 1991 to 1993. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —A total of 2417 patients undergoing CABG with or without concurrent valvular surgery selected using a systematic sampling interval. <h3>Measurements.</h3> —Detailed preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data collected on standardized reporting forms. <h3>Results.</h3> —The overall incidence of postoperative AFIB was 27%. Independent predictors of postoperative AFIB included advanced age (odds ratio [OR], 1.24 per 5-year increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-1.31); male sex (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.09-1.81); a history of AFIB (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.74-3.00); a history of congestive heart failure (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.04-1.64); and a precardiopulmonary bypass heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.00-.00-2.55). Surgical practices such as pulmonary vein venting (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.13-1.83); bicaval venous cannulation (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.04-1.89); postoperative atrial pacing (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.00-1.62); and longer cross-clamp times (OR, 1.06 per 15 minutes; 95% CI, 1.00-1.11) also were identified as independent predictors of postoperative AFIB. Patients with postoperative AFIB remained an average of 13 hours longer in the intensive care unit and 2.0 days longer in the ward when compared with patients without AFIB. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Postoperative AFIB is common after CABG surgery and has a significant effect on both intensive care unit and overall hospital length of stay. In addition to expected demographic factors, certain surgical practices increase the risk of postoperative AFIB. Randomized controlled trials are necessary to determine if modification of these surgical practices, especially in patients at high risk, would decrease the incidence of postoperative AFIB.
Care of children exposed to monkeypox
Authors: Jonathan M. Cohen, Alasdair Bamford, Sarah Eisen, Marieke Emonts, David Ho, Seilesh Kadambari, Julia Kenny, Hermione Lyall, Stephen Owens, David Porter, Andrew Riordan, Elizabeth Whittaker, Bhanu Williams, Shamez Ladhani
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2022)
Addressing mental health needs of NCAA student-athletes of colour: foundational concepts from the NCAA Summit on Diverse Student-Athlete Mental Health and Well-Being
Authors: Emily Kroshus, Stephany Coakley, Darryl Conway, Kenneth Chew, Niya Blair, Jessica M. Mohler, Jessica Wagner, Brian Hainline
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2022)

We sought to identify concepts that may facilitate National Collegiate Athletic Association efforts to assist member institutions in addressing the mental health needs of student-athletes of colour. A two-step process was followed to generate and refine concepts, guided by Delphi methodology. First, a scoping review was conducted, including original peer-reviewed research articles that quantified or qualitatively described determinant(s) of racial or ethnic differences in athlete mental health or mental healthcare. Next, a multiday virtual meeting was facilitated to review the results of the scoping review, discuss lived experiences and generate potential concepts. Participants included a racially and ethnically diverse group of student-athletes, medical and mental health professionals, athletics administrators, diversity, equity and inclusion experts, health educators and representatives from leading organisations involved in athlete mental health. Through the consensus process, participants identified 42 concepts that member institutions might consider implementing on their campuses. Concepts were largely focused on organisational policies and practices such as staffing diversity and inclusion, expanded options for clinical support (ie, identity-relevant support groups) and within-organisation accountability. Concepts related to specific areas for stakeholder education were also identified. Institutions have the potential to play an important role in supporting the mental well being of student-athletes of colour, and the present concepts can help inform institutional action. While concepts proposed are believed to be broadly relevant across athletics settings, they would need to be further considered and tailored to reflect setting-specific organisational structures, resources and needs.
Novel TCF21<sup>high</sup>pericyte subpopulation promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by remodelling perivascular matrix
Authors: Xiaobo Li, Jinghua Pan, Tongzheng Liu, Wenqian Yin, Qun Miao, Zhan Zhao, Yufeng Gao, Wei Zheng, Hang Li, Rong Deng, Dandan Huang, Shenghui Qiu, Yiran Zhang, Qi Qi, Lijuan Deng, Maohua Huang, Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang, Yihai Cao, Minfeng Chen, Wencai Ye, Dongmei Zhang
Journal: Gut (2022)

Objective Haematogenous dissemination is a prevalent route of colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis. However, as the gatekeeper of vessels, the role of tumour pericytes (TPCs) in haematogenous metastasis remains largely unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the heterogeneity of TPCs and their effects on CRC metastasis. Design TPCs were isolated from patients with CRC with or without liver metastases and analysed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Clinical CRC specimens were collected to analyse the association between the molecular profiling of TPCs and CRC metastasis. RNA-sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing and bisulfite-sequencing were performed to investigate the TCF21-regulated genes and mechanisms underlying integrin α5 on TCF21 DNA hypermethylation. Pericyte-conditional Tcf21 -knockout mice were constructed to investigate the effects of TCF21 in TPCs on CRC metastasis. Masson staining, atomic force microscopy, second-harmonic generation and two-photon fluorescence microscopy were employed to observe perivascular extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling. Results Thirteen TPC subpopulations were identified by scRNA-seq. A novel subset of TCF21 high TPCs, termed ‘matrix–pericytes’, was associated with liver metastasis in patients with CRC. TCF21 in TPCs increased perivascular ECM stiffness, collagen rearrangement and basement membrane degradation, establishing a perivascular metastatic microenvironment to instigate colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM). Tcf21 depletion in TPCs mitigated perivascular ECM remodelling and CRCLM, whereas the coinjection of TCF21 high TPCs and CRC cells markedly promoted CRCLM. Mechanistically, loss of integrin α5 inhibited the FAK/PI3K/AKT/DNMT1 axis to impair TCF21 DNA hypermethylation in TCF21 high TPCs. Conclusion This study uncovers a previously unidentified role of TPCs in haematogenous metastasis and provides a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for CRC metastasis.
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) Cell Atlas
Authors: Yina Du, Minzhe Guo, Yixin Wu, Andrew Wagner, Anne Karina Perl, Kathryn Wikenheiser-Brokamp, Jane Yu, Nishant Gupta, Elizabeth Kopras, Vera Krymskaya, Kseniya Obraztsova, Yan Tang, David Kwiatkowski, Elizabeth P Henske, Francis McCormack, Yan Xu
Journal: Thorax (2022)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare lung disease of women, causing cystic remodelling of the lung and progressive respiratory failure. The cellular composition, microenvironment and cellular interactions within the LAM lesion remain unclear. To facilitate data sharing and collaborative LAM research, we performed an integrative analysis of single-cell data compiled from lung, uterus and kidney of patients with LAM from three research centres and developed an LAM Cell Atlas (LCA) Web-Portal. The LCA offers a variety of interactive options for investigators to search, visualise and reanalyse comprehensive single-cell multiomics data sets to reveal dysregulated genetic programmes at transcriptomic, epigenomic and cell–cell connectome levels.
Do physical activity interventions combining self-monitoring with other components provide an additional benefit compared with self-monitoring alone? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tomas Vetrovsky, Agnieszka Borowiec, Roman Juřík, Charlotte Wahlich, Witold Śmigielski, Michal Steffl, James J Tufano, Wojciech Drygas, Petr Stastny, Tess Harris, Łukasz Małek
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2022)

To determine the net effect of different physical activity intervention components on step counts in addition to self-monitoring.A systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression.Five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest and Discus) were searched from inception to May 2022. The database search was complemented with backward and forward citation searches and search of the references from relevant systematic reviews.Randomised controlled trials comparing an intervention using self-monitoring (active control arm) with an intervention comprising the same treatment PLUS any additional component (intervention arm).The effect measures were mean differences in daily step count. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models, and effect moderators were explored using univariate and multivariate meta-regression models.Eighty-five studies with 12 057 participants were identified, with 75 studies included in the meta-analysis at postintervention and 24 at follow-up. At postintervention, the mean difference between the intervention and active control arms was 926 steps/day (95% CI 651 to 1201). At a follow-up, the mean difference was 413 steps/day (95% CI 210 to 615). Interventions with a prescribed goal and involving human counselling, particularly via phone/video calls, were associated with a greater mean difference in the daily step count than interventions with added print materials, websites, smartphone apps or incentives.Physical activity interventions that combine self-monitoring with other components provide an additional modest yet sustained increase in step count compared with self-monitoring alone. Some forms of counselling, particularly remote phone/video counselling, outperformed other intervention components, such as websites and smartphone apps.CRD42020199482.
Randomised, controlled crossover trial of intermittent and continuous transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the genioglossus muscle for obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Xiaofeng Wu, Dong Zhao, Weihua Hu, Zhishui Zheng, Shiqian Zha, Qingfeng Zhang, Ke Hu
Journal: Thorax (2022)

Continuous transcutaneous electrical stimulation (CTES) of the genioglossus muscle may benefit patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, the therapeutic value of intermittent transcutaneous electrical stimulation (ITES) for OSA is unclear.
Principles of gait encoding in the subthalamic nucleus of people with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Yohann Thenaisie, Kyuhwa Lee, Charlotte Moerman, Stefano Scafa, Andrea Gálvez, Elvira Pirondini, Morgane Burri, Jimmy Ravier, Alessandro Puiatti, Ettore Accolla, Benoit Wicki, André Zacharia, Mayte Castro Jiménez, Julien F. Bally, Grégoire Courtine, Jocelyne Bloch, Eduardo Martin Moraud
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2022)

Disruption of subthalamic nucleus dynamics in Parkinson’s disease leads to impairments during walking. Here, we aimed to uncover the principles through which the subthalamic nucleus encodes functional and dysfunctional walking in people with Parkinson’s disease. We conceived a neurorobotic platform embedding an isokinetic dynamometric chair that allowed us to deconstruct key components of walking under well-controlled conditions. We exploited this platform in 18 patients with Parkinson’s disease to demonstrate that the subthalamic nucleus encodes the initiation, termination, and amplitude of leg muscle activation. We found that the same fundamental principles determine the encoding of leg muscle synergies during standing and walking. We translated this understanding into a machine learning framework that decoded muscle activation, walking states, locomotor vigor, and freezing of gait. These results expose key principles through which subthalamic nucleus dynamics encode walking, opening the possibility to operate neuroprosthetic systems with these signals to improve walking in people with Parkinson’s disease.
Advances toward transformative therapies for tendon diseases
Authors: Benjamin R. Freedman, David J. Mooney, Eckhard Weber
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2022)

Approved therapies for tendon diseases have not yet changed the clinical practice of symptomatic pain treatment and physiotherapy. This review article summarizes advances in the development of novel drugs, biologic products, and biomaterial therapies for tendon diseases with perspectives for translation of integrated therapies. Shifting from targeting symptom relief toward disease modification and prevention of disease progression may open new avenues for therapies. Deep evidence-based clinical, cellular, and molecular characterization of the underlying pathology of tendon diseases, as well as therapeutic delivery optimization and establishment of multidiscipline interorganizational collaboration platforms, may accelerate the discovery and translation of transformative therapies for tendon diseases.