tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Life Years Lost in Children with Kidney Failure: A Binational Cohort Study with Multistate Probabilities of Death and Life Expectancy
Authors: Melanie L. Wyld, Nicole L. De La Mata, James Hedley, Siah Kim, Patrick J. Kelly, Angela C. Webster
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2023)

Significance Statement In children with kidney failure, little is known about their treatment trajectories or the effects of kidney failure on lifetime survival and years of life lost, which are arguably more relevant measures for children. In this population-based cohort study of 2013 children who developed kidney failure in Australia and New Zealand, most children were either transplanted after initiating dialysis (74%) or had a preemptive kidney transplant (14%). Life expectancy increased with older age at kidney failure, but more life years were spent on dialysis than with a functioning transplant. The expected (compared with the general population) number of life years lost ranged from 16 to 32 years, with female patients and those who developed kidney failure at a younger age experiencing the greatest loss of life years. Background Of the consequences of kidney failure in childhood, those rated as most important by children and their caregivers are its effects on long-term survival. From a life course perspective, little is known about the experience of kidney failure treatment or long-term survival. Methods To determine expected years of life lost (YLL) and treatment trajectory for kidney failure in childhood, we conducted a population-based cohort study of all children aged 18 years or younger with treated kidney failure in Australia (1980–2019) and New Zealand (1988–2019).We used patient data from the CELESTIAL study, which linked the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant registry with national death registers. We estimated standardized mortality ratios and used multistate modeling to understand treatment transitions and life expectancy. Results A total of 394 (20%) of 2013 individuals died over 30,082 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up, 13.1 years). Most children (74%) were transplanted after initiating dialysis; 14% (18% of male patients and 10% of female patients) underwent preemptive kidney transplantation. Excess deaths (compared with the general population) decreased dramatically from 1980 to 1999 (from 41 to 22 times expected) and declined more modestly (to 17 times expected) by 2019. Life expectancy increased with older age at kidney failure, but more life years were spent on dialysis than with a functioning transplant. The number of YLL ranged from 16 to 32 years, with the greatest loss among female patients and those who developed kidney failure at a younger age. Conclusions Children with kidney failure lose a substantial number of their potential life years. Female patients and those who develop kidney failure at younger ages experience the greatest burden.
State-Level Cardiovascular Mortality Rates Among Hispanic, Non-Hispanic Black, and Non-Hispanic White Populations, 1990 to 2019
Authors: Catherine O. Johnson, Nicole K. DeCleene, Brigette F. Blacker, Matthew W. Cunningham, Aleksandr Aravkin, Joseph L. Dieleman, Emmanuela Gakidou, Mohsen Naghavi, Modele O. Ogunniyi, Peng Zheng, Gregory A. Roth
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the US, with considerable variation by both state and race and ethnicity group. Consistent, comparable measures of mortality by specific CVD cause at the state level and by race and ethnicity have not previously been available and are necessary for supporting policy decisions aimed at reducing health inequities.
Nurtured Genetics: Prenatal Testing and the Anchoring of Genetic Expectancies
Authors: Rémy Furrer, Shai Carmi, Todd Lencz, Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing for "Non-Medical" Traits: Ensuring Consistency in Ethical Decision-Making DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (R01 HG011711 to TL, SC, and GL-M).
Is a Prognostic Nomogram for Complete Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Useful?
Authors: Edward A. Levine
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

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Correction: Identification of lymphocyte cell-specific protein-tyrosine kinase (LCK) as a driver for invasion and migration of oral cancer by tumor heterogeneity exploitation
Authors: Jonas Weiße, Julia Rosemann, Lisa Müller, Matthias Kappler, Alexander W. Eckert, Markus Glaß, Danny Misiak, Stefan Hüttelmaier, Wolfgang G. Ballhausen, Mechthild Hatzfeld, Monika Haemmerle, Tony Gutschner
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2023)
Error in Author Affiliations and Funding/Support
Authors: Fernando Moro-Bolado
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2023)

Giovanni Pellacani, MD; Francesca Farnetani, MD; Silvana Ciardo, BS; Johanna Chester, BA, BSC; Shaniko Kaleci, PhD; Laura Mazzoni, PhD; Sara Bassoli, MD; Alice Casari, MD; Riccardo Pampena, MD; Marica Mirra, MD; Michela Lai, MD; Serena Magi, PhD; Victor D. Mandel, MD; Sergio Di Matteo, MSc; Giorgio Lorenzo Colombo, MSc; Ignazio Stanganelli, MD; Caterina Longo, MD
Associations Between Natural Language Processing–Enriched Social Determinants of Health and Suicide Death Among US Veterans
Authors: Avijit Mitra, Richeek Pradhan, Rachel D. Melamed, Kun Chen, David C. Hoaglin, Katherine L. Tucker, Joel I. Reisman, Zhichao Yang, Weisong Liu, Jack Tsai, Hong Yu
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Social determinants of health (SDOHs) are known to be associated with increased risk of suicidal behaviors, but few studies use SDOHs from unstructured electronic health record notes. Objective To investigate associations between veterans’ death by suicide and recent SDOHs, identified using structured and unstructured data. Design, Setting, and Participants This nested case-control study included veterans who received care under the US Veterans Health Administration from October 1, 2010, to September 30, 2015. A natural language processing (NLP) system was developed to extract SDOHs from unstructured clinical notes. Structured data yielded 6 SDOHs (ie, social or familial problems, employment or financial problems, housing instability, legal problems, violence, and nonspecific psychosocial needs), NLP on unstructured data yielded 8 SDOHs (social isolation, job or financial insecurity, housing instability, legal problems, barriers to care, violence, transition of care, and food insecurity), and combining them yielded 9 SDOHs. Data were analyzed in May 2022. Exposures Occurrence of SDOHs over a maximum span of 2 years compared with no occurrence of SDOH. Main Outcomes and Measures Cases of suicide death were matched with 4 controls on birth year, cohort entry date, sex, and duration of follow-up. Suicide was ascertained by National Death Index, and patients were followed up for up to 2 years after cohort entry with a study end date of September 30, 2015. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Results Of 6 122 785 veterans, 8821 committed suicide during 23 725 382 person-years of follow-up (incidence rate 37.18 per 100 000 person-years). These 8821 veterans were matched with 35 284 control participants. The cohort was mostly male (42 540 [96.45%]) and White (34 930 [79.20%]), with 6227 (14.12%) Black veterans. The mean (SD) age was 58.64 (17.41) years. Across the 5 common SDOHs, NLP-extracted SDOH, on average, retained 49.92% of structured SDOHs and covered 80.03% of all SDOH occurrences. SDOHs, obtained by structured data and/or NLP, were significantly associated with increased risk of suicide. The 3 SDOHs with the largest effect sizes were legal problems (aOR, 2.66; 95% CI, 2.46-2.89), violence (aOR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.98-2.27), and nonspecific psychosocial needs (aOR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.92-2.23), when obtained by combining structured data and NLP. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, NLP-extracted SDOHs, with and without structured SDOHs, were associated with increased risk of suicide among veterans, suggesting the potential utility of NLP in public health studies.
Protective equipment in youth ice hockey: are mouthguards and helmet age relevant to concussion risk?concussionfor mouthguard wearers
Authors: Ash T Kolstad, Paul H Eliason, Jean-Michel Galarneau, Amanda Marie Black, Brent E Hagel, Carolyn A Emery
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2023)

Objectives To compare the incidence rates and odds of concussion between youth ice hockey players based on mouthguard use and helmet age. Materials and methods Within a 5-year longitudinal cohort (2013/2014 to 2017/2018) of male and female ice hockey players (ages 11–18; n=3330 players) in Alberta (Canada), we analysed the relationship of equipment and concussion in both a prospective cohort and nested case (concussion) control (acute musculoskeletal injury) approach. The prospective cohort included baseline assessments documenting reported mouthguard use (yes/sometimes, no use), helmet age (newer/&lt;2 years old, older/≥2 years old) and important covariables (weight, level of play, position of play, concussion history, body checking policy), with weekly player participation throughout the season. The nested case–control component used injury reports to document equipment (mouthguard use, helmet age) and other information (eg, mechanism and type of injury) for the injury event. Multivariable mixed effects negative binomial regression (prospective cohort, incidence rate ratios (IRRs)) and multivariable mixed effects logistic regression (nested case–control, odds ratios (OR)) examined the association between equipment and concussion. Results Players who reported wearing a mouthguard had a 28% lower concussion rate (IRR=0.72, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.93) and 57% lower odds of concussion (OR=0.43, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.70) compared with non-wearers. There were no associations in the concussion rate (IRR=0.95, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.18) and odds (OR=1.16, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.86) between newer and older helmets. Conclusions Wearing a mouthguard was associated with a lower concussion rate and odds. Policy mandating use should be considered in youth ice hockey. More research is needed to identify other helmet characteristics (eg, quality, fit) that could lower concussion risk.
Overexpression of <i>Lmo2</i> initiates T-lymphoblastic leukemia via impaired thymocyte competition
Authors: Hesham D. Abdulla, Raed Alserihi, Christoffer Flensburg, Waruni Abeysekera, Meng-Xiao Luo, Daniel H.D. Gray, Xiaodong Liu, Gordon K. Smyth, Warren S. Alexander, Ian J. Majewski, Matthew P. McCormack
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2023)

Cell competition has recently emerged as an important tumor suppressor mechanism in the thymus that inhibits autonomous thymic maintenance. Here, we show that the oncogenic transcription factor Lmo2 causes autonomous thymic maintenance in transgenic mice by inhibiting early T cell differentiation. This autonomous thymic maintenance results in the development of self-renewing preleukemic stem cells (pre-LSCs) and subsequent leukemogenesis, both of which are profoundly inhibited by restoration of thymic competition or expression of the antiapoptotic factor BCL2. Genomic analyses revealed the presence of Notch1 mutations in pre-LSCs before subsequent loss of tumor suppressors promotes the transition to overt leukemogenesis. These studies demonstrate a critical role for impaired cell competition in the development of pre-LSCs in a transgenic mouse model of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), implying that this process plays a role in the ontogeny of human T-ALL.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with a history of cancer recruited to heart failure trials
Authors: Stephen J.H. Dobbin, Li Shen, Mark C. Petrie, Milton Packer, Scott D. Solomon, John J.V. McMurray, Ninian N. Lang, Pardeep S. Jhund
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2023)

Abstract Aims Heart failure (HF) therapy trials usually exclude cancer patients. We examined the association between cancer history and outcomes in trial participants with HF and reduced (HFrEF) or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Methods and results We combined PARADIGM‐HF and ATMOSPHERE, which enrolled HFrEF patients ( n = 15 415) and we pooled HFpEF patients (ejection fraction ≥45%) enrolled in PARAGON‐HF and CHARM‐Preserved ( n = 7363). The associations between cancer history, cardiovascular (CV) death, HF hospitalization, non‐CV and all‐cause death in these trials were examined. Incident cancer diagnoses during these trials were also measured. There were 658 (4.3%) and 624 (8.5%) patients with a cancer history in the HFrEF and HFpEF trials, respectively. HFrEF patients with a cancer history had a higher risk of HF hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–1.52, p = 0.007) and non‐CV death (adjusted HR 1.57; 95% CI 1.16–2.12, p = 0.003) than those without. The risks of other outcomes were similar. There were no differences in the risk of any outcome in HFpEF patients with and without a cancer history. Adjusting for age and sex, the incidence of new cancer in the HFrEF and HFpEF trials was 1.09 (95% CI 0.83–1.36) and 1.07 (95% CI 0.81–1.32) per 100 person‐years, respectively. Conclusions Although participants in HFrEF trials with a cancer history had higher risks of HF hospitalization and non‐CV death than those without, the risks of CV and all‐cause death were similar. Outcomes in HFpEF patients with and without a cancer history were similar. Incident cancer diagnoses were similar in HFrEF and HFpEF trials.
Left ventricular wall thickness and severity of cardiac disease in women and men with transthyretin amyloidosis
Authors: Alberto Aimo, Daniela Tomasoni, Aldostefano Porcari, Giuseppe Vergaro, Vincenzo Castiglione, Claudio Passino, Marianna Adamo, Maria Giulia Bellicini, Carlo Mario Lombardi, Matilde Nardi, Gloria Palamara, Guerino Giuseppe Varrà, Riccardo Saro, Valentina Allegro, Marco Merlo, Gianfranco Sinagra, Marco Metra, Michele Emdin, Claudio Rapezzi
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2023)

Abstract Aims Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is due to a deposition of amyloid fibrils in the heart causing an increase in wall thickness. A left ventricular (LV) wall thickness ≥12 mm plus at least one red flag should raise the suspicion of CA. As normal values of LV wall thickness are lower in women, the adoption or the same cut‐off values for men and women could lead to underdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis in women. We investigated the relationship between LV wall thickness and the severity of cardiac involvement in women and men with transthyretin (ATTR) CA. Methods and results We evaluated 330 consecutive patients diagnosed with ATTR‐CA at three centres (Pisa, n = 232; Brescia, n = 69; Trieste, n = 29). Interventricular septum (IVS) and posterior wall (PW) thickness values were lower in women ( n = 53, 16%) than men, but most differences were abolished when indexing by body surface area (BSA), height, or height 2.7 , suggesting similar disease severity when accounting for the smaller body size of women. PW thickness indexed for height 2.7 was even higher in women. We also searched for correlations between IVS and PW thickness and other indicators of the severity of cardiac disease. IVS values indexed by height 2.7 displayed tighter associations with N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide values than non‐indexed IVS values. Similarly, indexed values displayed closer relationships with relative wall thickness, E/e' ratio, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. Conclusions Indexed LV wall thickness values, particularly by height 2.7 , reflect more accurately the severity of cardiac involvement than non‐indexed values.
Research Priorities for Interventions to Address Health Disparities in Lung Nodule Management: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement
Authors: Katrina Steiling, Hasmeena Kathuria, Chidiebere Peter Echieh, David E. Ost, M. Patricia Rivera, Abbie Begnaud, Juan C. Celedón, Marjory Charlot, Frank Dietrick, Narjust Duma, Kwun M. Fong, Jean G. Ford, Michael K. Gould, Fernando Holguin, Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable, Nichole T. Tanner, Carey Conley Thomson, Renda Soylemez Wiener, Juan Wisnivesky
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

Lung nodules are common incidental findings, and timely evaluation is critical to ensure diagnosis of localized-stage and potentially curable lung cancers. Rates of guideline-concordant lung nodule evaluation are low, and the risk of delayed evaluation is higher for minoritized groups.
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2023)

Breaking Insights| March 15 2023 Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature Author & Article Information Online ISSN: 1538-7445 Print ISSN: 0008-5472 ©2023 American Association for Cancer Research2023American Association for Cancer Research Cancer Res (2023) 83 (6): 805–806. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-83-6-BI Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Article Versions Icon Versions Version of Record March 15 2023 Citation Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature. Cancer Res 15 March 2023; 83 (6): 805–806. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-83-6-BI Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest Search Advanced Search Although the KRAS-protein interactome has been well defined, the functional significance of these protein interactions in KRAS-mutant lung cancer tumorigenesis is poorly understood. Tang and colleagues examined the effect of candidate KRAS-interacting proteins on lung cancer growth utilizing a multiplexed somatic CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing screen in a KRASG12D mutant mouse model. They found that wild-type HRAS and NRAS suppressed KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis in vivo and in vitro through suppression of KRAS-KRAS binding as well as through competition for key downstream signaling pathways such as ERK. Expert Commentary: This study suggests that “RAS paralog imbalance” with decreased expression of wild-type HRAS and NRAS in the setting of mutant KRAS can promote tumorigenesis. Tang R, Shuldiner EG, Kelly M, Murray CW, Hebert JD, Andrejka L, et al. Multiplexed screens identify RAS paralogues HRAS and NRAS as suppressors of KRAS-driven lung cancer growth. Nat Cell Biol 2023;25:159-69. Extravasation of metastatic... You do not currently have access to this content.
A Step Forward for Precision Equity in Kidney Disease
Authors: Neil R Powe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem worldwide. In the United States, for the past four decades, CKD in its most severe form, end-stage kidney failure leading to dialysis or transplantation, limits lifespan and quality of life and has disproportionately affected persons of African descent at four times the rate among White persons.1,2 Effective strategies to disrupt the multifactorial drivers of this health disparity, including environment, lifestyle, access to and quality of care, health and health care policies, and biologic factors, have been elusive.3 Although many experts in health-disparities research hold strong beliefs that one factor trumps others . . .
Improving bowel preparation for colonoscopy with a smartphone application driven by artificial intelligence
Authors: Yan Zhu, Dan-Feng Zhang, Hui-Li Wu, Pei-Yao Fu, Li Feng, Kun Zhuang, Zi-Han Geng, Kun-Kun Li, Xiao-Hong Zhang, Bo-Qun Zhu, Wen-Zheng Qin, Sheng-Li Lin, Zhen Zhang, Tian-Yin Chen, Yuan Huang, Xiao-Yue Xu, Jing-Zheng Liu, Shuo Wang, Wei Zhang, Quan-Lin Li, Ping-Hong Zhou
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2023)

Optimal bowel preparation is a prerequisite for a successful colonoscopy; however, the rate of inadequate bowel preparation remains relatively high. In this study, we establish a smartphone app that assesses patient bowel preparation using an artificial intelligence (AI)-based prediction system trained on labeled photographs of feces in the toilet and evaluate its impact on bowel preparation quality in colonoscopy outpatients. We conduct a prospective, single-masked, multicenter randomized clinical trial, enrolling outpatients who own a smartphone and are scheduled for a colonoscopy. We screen 578 eligible patients and randomize 524 in a 1:1 ratio to the control or AI-driven app group for bowel preparation. The study endpoints are the percentage of patients with adequate bowel preparation and the total BBPS score, compliance with dietary restrictions and purgative instructions, polyp detection rate, and adenoma detection rate (secondary). The prediction system has an accuracy of 95.15%, a specificity of 97.25%, and an area under the curve of 0.98 in the test dataset. In the full analysis set (n = 500), adequate preparation is significantly higher in the AI-driven app group (88.54 vs. 65.59%; P < 0.001). The mean BBPS score is 6.74 ± 1.25 in the AI-driven app group and 5.97 ± 1.81 in the control group (P < 0.001). The rates of compliance with dietary restrictions (93.68 vs. 83.81%, P = 0.001) and purgative instructions (96.05 vs. 84.62%, P < 0.001) are significantly higher in the AI-driven app group, as is the rate of additional purgative intake (26.88 vs. 17.41%, P = 0.011). Thus, our AI-driven smartphone app significantly improves the quality of bowel preparation and patient compliance.
Differences in Merkel Cell Carcinoma Presentation and Outcomes Among Racial and Ethnic Groups
Authors: Noreen Mohsin, Mackenzie R. Martin, Danielle J. Reed, Serena M. Vilasi, Lingling Miao, Natasha T. Hill, Isaac Brownell
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2023)

Racial and ethnic differences in skin cancer outcomes are understudied. Delineating these differences in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is needed to better understand this rare disease.