tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An international planetary health for primary care massive open online course
Authors: Mayara Floss, Alan Abelsohn, Aoife Kirk, Su-Ming Khoo, Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva, Roberto Nunes Umpierre, Alice McGushin, Sojung Yoon
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2023)

In this Viewpoint we argue that primary care practitioners should receive professional education in how to directly respond to planetary health challenges. We reflect on the provision of a massive open online course (MOOC) on planetary health for primary care practitioners in the context of existing training programmes. We describe the construction, delivery, and certification of a Global South-originated MOOC and explain aspects of its rhizomatic learning theory. We share baseline information and preliminary findings collected on the initial cohort of participants, including their profiles and previous knowledge about planetary health. We suggest that this MOOC is an appropriate response to planetary health challenges, and argue that cost-free, accredited planetary health education for primary care practitioners should be provided as a public good that also fulfils individual professionals' entitlement to quality education and continuing professional development.
New nomenclature for mpox (monkeypox) and monkeypox virus clades
Authors: David Ulaeto, Alexander Agafonov, Jennifer Burchfield, Lisa Carter, Christian Happi, Robert Jakob, Eva Krpelanova, Krutika Kuppalli, Elliot J Lefkowitz, Matthew R Mauldin, Tulio de Oliveira, Bernard Onoja, James Otieno, Andrew Rambaut, Lorenzo Subissi, Adesola Yinka-Ogunleye, Rosamund F Lewis
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2023)
Standard of care for viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHFs): a systematic review of clinical management guidelines for high-priority VHFs
Authors: Ishmeala Rigby, Melina Michelen, Andrew Dagens, Vincent Cheng, Dania Dahmash, Eli Harriss, Eika Webb, Erhui Cai, Samuel Lipworth, Alexandra Oti, Valeria Balan, Helen Piotrowski, Robert Nartowski, Amanda Rojek, Helen Groves, Peter Hart, Muge Cevik, Henry Kyobe Bosa, Lucille Blumberg, Tom E Fletcher, Peter W Horby, Shevin T Jacob, Louise Sigfrid
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2023)
Tumor‐Targeting Near‐Infrared Dimeric Heptamethine Cyanine Photosensitizers with an Aromatic Diphenol Linker for Imaging‐Guided Cancer Phototherapy
Authors: Yang Xu, Jiaying Yu, Jinzhong Hu, Kai Sun, Wenjun Lu, Fenglian Zeng, Jian chen, Min liu, Zhuoer Cai, Xiaofan He, Wanying Wei, Baiwang Sun
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Phototherapy is considered a promising alternative to conventional tumor treatments due to its noninvasive modality and effective therapeutic effect. However, designing a photosensitizer with satisfactory therapeutic effect and high security remains a considerable challenge. Herein, a series of dimeric heptamethine cyanine photosensitizers with an aromatic diphenol linker at the meso position is developed to improve the photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE). Thanks to the extended conjugate system and high steric hindrance, the screened 26NA-NIR and 44BP-NIR exhibit high PCE (≈35%), bright near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence, excellent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capability, and improved photostability. Furthermore, their outstanding performance on imaging-guided PDT-PTT synergistic therapy is demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro experiments. In conclusion, this study designs a series of dimeric heptamethine cyanine photosensitizers and presents two compounds for potential clinical applications. The strategy provides a new method to design NIR photosensitizers for imaging-guided cancer treatment.
Controlled Cascade‐Release and High Selective Sterilization by Core–Shell Nanogels for Microenvironment Regulation of Aerobic Vaginitis
Authors: Xinxin Wang, Yiting Wang, Mengteng Tang, Xiaoyi Wang, Wei Xue, Xiao Zhang, Yuxia Wang, Wen‐Hui Lee, Yingshuai Wang, Tong‐Yi Sun, Yuanyuan Gao, Li‐Li Li
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is a gynecological disease associated with vaginal flora imbalance. The nonselective bactericidal nature of antibiotics and low customization rate of probiotic supplementation in existing treatments lead to AV recurrence. Here, a drug delivery strategy is proposed that works with the changing dynamics of the bacterial flora. In particular, a core-shell nanogel (CSNG) is designed to encapsulate prebiotic inulin and antimicrobial peptide Cath 30. The proposed strategy allows for the sequential release of both drugs using gelatinase produced by AV pathogenic bacteria, initially selectively killing pathogenic bacteria and subsequently promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the vagina. In a simulated infection environment in vitro, the outer layer of CSNGs, Cath 30 is rapidly degraded and potently killed the pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus at 2-6 h. CSNGs enhances proliferation of the beneficial bacterium Lactobacillus crispatus by more than 50% at 24 h. In a rat AV model, the drug delivery strategy precisely regulated the bacterial microenvironment while controlling the inflammatory response of the vaginal microenvironment. This new treatment approach, configured on demand and precisely controlled, offers a new strategy for the treatment of vaginal diseases.
Antibacterial Collagen‐Based Nanocomposite Dressings for Promoting Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Weidong Liao, Die Yang, Zhilang Xu, Lei Zhao, Changdao Mu, Defu Li, Liming Ge
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Pathogenic bacterial infection is the most frequent wound complication, which has become a major clinical and healthcare challenge in wound management worldwide, leading to impaired healing processes, the risk of amputation, and even death. Here, collagen-based nanocomposite dressings (APZC) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity are developed to promote the infected full-thickness wound healing. Short rod-like shaped ZnO NPs are synthesized and then coated with polydopamine (PDA) to obtain PDA coated ZnO NPs (PDA@ZnO NPs). Afterward, PDA@ZnO NPs are conjugated on the backbone of a collagen chain, and the obtained collagen-PDA@ZnO NPs conjugate is crosslinked by dialdehyde sodium alginate to fabricate APZC dressings. PDA@ZnO NPs show well dispersibility and are uniformly incorporated into the collagen matrix. APZC dressings have interconnected microporous structure and great physicochemical properties, besides good blood coagulation performance and well cytocompatibility. APZC dressings demonstrate long-lasting and excellently broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, which can relieve the inflammatory reaction by killing pathogenic bacteria and induce the generation of blood vessels and the orderly deposition of collagen in the wound site, thus promoting infected full-thickness wound healing without obvious scar formation. Overall, the functionalized collagen-based nanocomposite dressings have great potential in the clinical treatment against bacteria-associated wound infection.
EGF receptor modulates HEV entry in human hepatocytes
Authors: Jil A. Schrader, Thomas L. Burkard, Yannick Brüggemann, André Gömer, Toni L. Meister, Rebecca M. Fu, Ann-Kathrin Mehnert, Viet L. Dao Thi, Patrick Behrendt, David Durantel, Ruth Broering, Florian W. R. Vondran, Daniel Todt, Volker Kinast, Eike Steinmann
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

Background and Aims: Being the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis with &gt;20 million cases per year and 70,000 deaths annually, HEV presents a long-neglected and underinvestigated health burden. Although the entry process of viral particles is an attractive target for pharmacological intervention, druggable host factors to restrict HEV entry have not been identified so far. Approach and Results: Here we identify the EGF receptor (EGFR) as a novel host factor for HEV and reveal the significance of EGFR for the HEV entry process. By utilizing RNAi, chemical modulation with Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs, and ectopic expression of EGFR, we revealed that EGFR is critical for HEV infection without affecting HEV RNA replication or assembly of progeny virus. We further unveiled that EGFR itself and its ligand-binding domain, rather than its signaling function, is responsible for the proviral effect. Modulation of EGF expression in HepaRG cells and primary human hepatocytes affected HEV infection. Conclusions: Taken together, our study provides novel insights into the life cycle of HEV and identified EGFR as a possible target for future antiviral strategies against HEV.
The outcome of boosting mitochondrial activity in alcohol-associated liver disease is organ-dependent
Authors: Naroa Goikoetxea-Usandizaga, Miren Bravo, Leire Egia-Mendikute, Leticia Abecia, Marina Serrano-Maciá, Rocío G. Urdinguio, Marc Clos-García, Rubén Rodríguez-Agudo, Raquel Araujo-Legido, Lucía López-Bermudo, Teresa C. Delgado, Sofía Lachiondo-Ortega, Irene González-Recio, Clàudia Gil-Pitarch, Ainize Peña-Cearra, Jorge Simón, Raquel Benedé-Ubieto, Silvia Ariño, Jose M. Herranz, Mikel Azkargorta, Julio Salazar-Bermeo, Nuria Martí, Marta Varela-Rey, Juan M. Falcón-Pérez, Óscar Lorenzo, Rubén Nogueiras, Félix Elortza, Yulia A. Nevzorova, Francisco J. Cubero, Domingo Saura, Luis Alfonso Martínez-Cruz, Guadalupe Sabio, Asís Palazón, Pau Sancho-Bru, Natalia Elguezabal, Mario F. Fraga, Matías A. Ávila, Ramón Bataller, José J.G. Marín, Franz Martín, María Luz Martínez-Chantar
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

Background and Aims: Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) accounts for 70% of liver-related deaths in Europe, with no effective approved therapies. Although mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the earliest manifestations of alcohol-induced injury, restoring mitochondrial activity remains a problematic strategy due to oxidative stress. Here, we identify methylation-controlled J protein (MCJ) as a mediator for ALD progression and hypothesize that targeting MCJ may help in recovering mitochondrial fitness without collateral oxidative damage. Approach and Results: C57BL/6 mice [wild-type (Wt)] Mcj knockout and Mcj liver-specific silencing (MCJ-LSS) underwent the NIAAA dietary protocol (Lieber-DeCarli diet containing 5% (vol/vol) ethanol for 10 days, plus a single binge ethanol feeding at day 11). To evaluate the impact of a restored mitochondrial activity in ALD, the liver, gut, and pancreas were characterized, focusing on lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, intestinal permeability, and microbiota composition. MCJ, a protein acting as an endogenous negative regulator of mitochondrial respiration, is downregulated in the early stages of ALD and increases with the severity of the disease. Whole-body deficiency of MCJ is detrimental during ALD because it exacerbates the systemic effects of alcohol abuse through altered intestinal permeability, increased endotoxemia, and dysregulation of pancreatic function, which overall worsens liver injury. On the other hand, liver-specific Mcj silencing prevents main ALD hallmarks, that is, mitochondrial dysfunction, steatosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, as it restores the NAD + /NADH ratio and SIRT1 function, hence preventing de novo lipogenesis and improving lipid oxidation. Conclusions: Improving mitochondrial respiration by liver-specific Mcj silencing might become a novel therapeutic approach for treating ALD.
End-user acceptability of personal protective equipment disinfection for potential reuse: a survey of health-care workers in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Cervantée E K Wild, Hailey Wells, Nicolene Coetzee, Cameron C Grant, Trudy A Sullivan, José G B Derraik, Yvonne C Anderson
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2023)

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted personal protective equipment (PPE) supply, distribution, and disposal issues worldwide. Calls to conserve PPE stocks and increase supply resulted in the rapid development of potential disinfection methods, with the possibility of improvements in medical waste reduction. However, how receptive health-care workers are to PPE reuse remains unknown. We aimed to examine the views of health-care workers who used PPE during the first COVID-19 wave in Aotearoa New Zealand, in relation to acceptability of PPE disinfection and reuse.MethodsIn this multi-methods survey, health-care workers in New Zealand, were invited via a multimodal recruitment strategy to complete a survey regarding use of PPE during the first COVID-19 wave. Gender question options were male, female, gender diverse, or prefer not to say. Demographic differences in self-reported PPE reuse and acceptability were examined. The survey included closed (single-response, multi-response, ranking, and Likert-scale questions) and open-text questions. Any open-text comments were analysed with thematic analysis. The survey was built and deployed using Qualtrics software.Findings1411 health-care workers completed the survey between Oct 7 and Nov 30, 2020. 1397 participants had gender data available (1140 [82%] female and 257 [18%] male) and 995 (74%) of 1347 were of New Zealand European ethnicity. PPE reuse was common and reported by 628 (45%) of the 1411 participants, with 396 (63%) of the 628 reporting reusing PPE multiple times in 1 day. Acceptability of the concept of PPE disinfection for potential reuse was high overall (1196 [85%] of 1411) but varied depending on the type of PPE. Thematic analysis confirmed that PPE reuse was already occurring and respondents recognised the potential benefits of reduced medical wastage and increased PPE supply. Important caveats for consideration included the availability of scientific evidence, level of negotiated risk, and trust in the organisation undertaking PPE disinfection, with clear communication about decontamination processes being crucial to acceptability.InterpretationPPE reuse occurred frequently during the first wave of COVID-19 in New Zealand. Although support for the disinfection of PPE for reuse was high, the success of any future programmes to reuse PPE will require meaningful engagement and clear communication with health-care workers. Further research into PPE disinfection safety and logistics is warranted, alongside the development of standard operating procedures and clearly communicated policies for the end user, should this more sustainable health-care practice be planned for adoption in certain settings.FundingNew Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (COVID-19 Innovation Acceleration Fund) and the Medical Assurance Society Foundation.
The Long-Term Impact of Early-Life Tuberculosis Disease on Child Health: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Leonardo Martinez, Diane M. Gray, Maresa Botha, Michael Nel, Shaakira Chaya, Carvern Jacobs, Lesley Workman, Mark P. Nicol, Heather J. Zar
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

Rationale: There is growing concern that post-tuberculosis disease (TB) sequelae and morbidity are substantial, but no studies have controlled for preexisting factors before disease. Whether children have post-TB morbidity is not well characterized. Objectives: To assess the effect of a TB diagnosis on wheezing episodes, lung function, and anthropometric measurements among children enrolled in a prospective birth cohort study in South Africa. Methods: We prospectively followed children from birth through 5 years for TB using diagnostic tests including chest radiography and repeated induced sputum sample testing with Xpert MTB/RIF and liquid culture. We longitudinally measured health outcomes including growth, wheezing, and lung function up to 5 years. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to assess growth and lung function after TB. Poisson regression was used to assess risk of subsequent wheezing. Measurements and Main Results: Among 1,068 participants, 96 TB cases occurred (1,228 cases per 100,000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI), 1,006-1,500]) occurred over 7,815 child-years of follow-up. TB was associated with lower length-for-age (-0.40 [95% CI, -0.68 to -0.11]), weight-for-age (-0.30 [95% CI, -0.59 to -0.01]), and body mass index (-0.54 [95% CI, -0.83 to -0.25]) z-scores at 5 years. Children developing TB were consistently more likely to wheeze regardless of the timing of TB. Children with diagnoses of TB between 0 and 1 year of age had reduced time to peak tidal expiratory flow over total expiratory time (-2.35% [95% CI, -4.86% to -0.17%]) and higher fractional exhaled nitric oxide (2.88 ppb [95% CI, 0.57-5.19 ppb]) at 5 years. Children with diagnoses of TB between 1 and 4 years of age had impaired Vt (-9.32 ml [95% CI, -14.89 to -3.75 ml]) and time to peak tidal expiratory flow over total expiratory time (-2.73% [95% CI, -5.45% to -0.01%]) at 5 years. Conclusions: Prevention of TB disease in the first few years of life may have substantial long-term benefits through childhood.
Efficacy and safety of colesevelam for the treatment of bile acid diarrhoea: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 4 clinical trial
Authors: Christian Borup, Lars Vinter-Jensen, Søren Peter German Jørgensen, Signe Wildt, Jesper Graff, Tine Gregersen, Anna Zaremba, Trine Borup Andersen, Camilla Nøjgaard, Hans Bording Timm, Dominique Rainteau, Svend Høime Hansen, Jüri Johannes Rumessen, Lars Kristian Munck
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2023)
A qualitative study of what motivates and enables climate-engaged physicians in Canada to engage in health-care sustainability, advocacy, and action
Authors: Owen Dan Luo, Yasmeen Razvi, Gurleen Kaur, Michelle Lim, Kelti Smith, Jacob Joel Kirsh Carson, Claudel Petrin-Desrosiers, Victoria Haldane, Nicole Simms, Fiona A Miller
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2023)

Increasing numbers of health-care professionals are aware of the need to deliver low-carbon sustainable health systems. We aimed to explore how physicians can be motivated and supported to pursue this ambition by conducting an exploratory qualitative descriptive study that involved individual in-depth interviews with climate-engaged Canadian physicians participating in health-care sustainability advocacy and action. Interview transcripts were analysed to identify themes related to the actions that physicians can take to promote sustainable health care, and the motivators and enablers of physician engagement in sustainable health care. Participants (n=19) engaged in a spectrum of health-care sustainability initiatives ranging from reducing health-care waste to lobbying and political action. They were motivated to advance health-care sustainability by their concern about the health implications of climate change, frustration with health-care waste, and recognition of their locus of influence as physicians. Participants articulated that policy and system, organisational and team, and knowledge generation and translation supports are required to strengthen their capacity to advance health-care sustainability. These findings can provide inspiration for engagement opportunities in health-care sustainability, guide service delivery and educational innovations to promote health-care professionals' interest in becoming sustainability champions, and extend the capacity of health-care professionals to reduce the climate impact of health care.
In basilar-artery occlusion stroke, thrombectomy improved functional outcomes without increasing ICH
Authors: Bruce Lo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

ACP Journal ClubFebruary 2023In basilar-artery occlusion stroke, thrombectomy improved functional outcomes without increasing ICHBruce Lo, MD, MBABruce Lo, MD, MBAEastern Virginia Medical School/Sentara Norfolk General Hospital, Norfolk, Virginia, USA (B.L.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/J22-0120 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationJovin TG, Li C, Wu L, et al. Trial of thrombectomy 6 to 24 hours after stroke due to basilar-artery occlusion. N Engl J Med. 2022;387:1373-84. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36239645Clinical Impact RatingsEmergency Med: Hospitalists: Neurology: References1. Liu X, Dai Q, Ye R, et al. Endovascular treatment versus standard medical treatment for vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (BEST): an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19:115-22. [PMID: 31831388] Google Scholar2. Langezaal LCM, van der Hoeven EJRJ, Mont’Alverne FJA, et al. Endovascular therapy for stroke due to basilar-artery occlusion. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:1910-20. [PMID: 34010530] Google Scholar3. Deng L, Qiu S, Wang L, et al. Comparison of four Food and Drug Administration-approved mechanical thrombectomy devices for acute ischemic stroke: a network meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 2019;127:e49-57. [PMID: 30802552] Google Scholar4. Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Hu C, et al. A direct aspiration first-pass technique (ADAPT) versus stent retriever for acute ischemic stroke (AIS): a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol. 2021;268:4594-606. [PMID: 33123777] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Bruce Lo, MD, MBAAffiliations: Eastern Virginia Medical School/Sentara Norfolk General Hospital, Norfolk, Virginia, USA (B.L.)Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=J22-0119.This article was published at Annals.org on 7 February 2023.ACP Journal Club is editorially independent from Annals of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoIn basilar-artery occlusion stroke, thrombectomy improved functional outcome at 90 d but increased ICH Bruce Lo In basilar-artery occlusion stroke, thrombectomy improved functional outcome at 90 d but increased ICH Bruce Lo Metrics February 2023Volume 176, Issue 2Page: JC15KeywordsArteriesAtherosclerosisDisabilitiesHemorrhageNeuroimagingNumber needed to treatRisk ratioStent implantationStroke ePublished: 7 February 2023 Issue Published: February 2023 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2023 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
<i>JAK2</i> V617F allele burden in polycythemia vera: burden of proof
Authors: Alison R. Moliterno, Hannah Kaizer, Brandi N. Reeves
Journal: Blood (2023)

Polycythemia vera (PV) is a hematopoietic stem cell neoplasm defined by activating somatic mutations in the JAK2 gene and characterized clinically by overproduction of red blood cells, platelets, and neutrophils; a significant burden of disease-specific symptoms; high rates of vascular events; and evolution to a myelofibrosis phase or acute leukemia. The JAK2V617F variant allele frequency (VAF) is a key determinant of outcomes in PV, including thrombosis and myelofibrotic progression. Here, we critically review the dynamic role of JAK2V617F mutation burden in the pathogenesis and natural history of PV, the suitability of JAK2V617F VAF as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, and the utility of JAK2V617F VAF reduction in PV treatment.