tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What Four Decades of Meta-Analysis Have Taught Us About Youth Psychotherapy and the Science of Research Synthesis
Authors: John R. Weisz, Katherine E. Venturo-Conerly, Olivia M. Fitzpatrick, Jennifer A. Frederick, Mei Yi Ng
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2023)

Intervention scientists have published more than 600 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of youth psychotherapies. Four decades of meta-analyses have been used to synthesize the RCT findings and identify scientifically and clinically significant patterns. These meta-analyses have limitations, noted herein, but they have advanced our understanding of youth psychotherapy, revealing (a) mental health problems for which our interventions are more and less successful (e.g., anxiety and depression, respectively); (b) the beneficial effects of single-session interventions, interventions delivered remotely, and interventions tested in low- and middle-income countries; (c) the association of societal sexism and racism with reduced treatment benefit in majority-girl and majority-Black groups; and, importantly, (d) the finding that average youth treatment benefit has not increased across five decades of research, suggesting that new strategies may be needed. Opportunities for the future include boosting relevance to policy and practice and using meta-analysis to identify mechanisms of change and guide personalizing of treatment.
Global reporting of progress towards elimination of hepatitis B and hepatitis C
Authors: Fuqiang Cui, Sarah Blach, Casimir Manzengo Mingiedi, Monica Alonso Gonzalez, Ahmed Sabry Alaama, Antons Mozalevskis, Nicole Séguy, Bharat Bhushan Rewari, Po-Lin Chan, Linh-vi Le, Meg Doherty, Niklas Luhmann, Philippa Easterbrook, Mae Dirac, Catherine de Martel, Shevanthi Nayagam, Timothy B Hallett, Peter Vickerman, Homie Razavi, Olufunmiayo Lesi, Daniel Low-beer
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2023)

The 69th World Health Assembly endorsed the global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. Achieving and measuring the 2030 targets requires a substantial increase in the capacity to test and treat viral hepatitis infections and a mechanism to monitor the progress of hepatitis elimination. This study aimed to identify the gaps in data availability or quality and create a new mechanism to monitor the progress of hepatitis elimination.
Risk and Resilience Among Children with Incarcerated Parents: A Review and Critical Reframing
Authors: Elizabeth I. Johnson, Joyce A. Arditti
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2023)

Parental incarceration is a significant, inequitably distributed form of adversity that affects millions of US children and increases their risk for emotional and behavioral problems. An emerging body of research also indicates, however, that children exhibit resilience in the context of parental incarceration. In this article, we review evidence regarding the adverse implications of parental incarceration for children's adjustment and consider factors that account for these consequences with special attention to naturally occurring processes and interventions that may mitigate risk and contribute to positive youth development. We also offer a critical reframing of resilience research and argue that (a) scholars should adopt more contextualized approaches to the study of resilience that are sensitive to intersecting inequalities and (b) resilience research and practice should be conceptualized as important complements to, rather than substitutes for, social and institutional change. We conclude by offering social justice–informed recommendations for future research and practice.
Survival, Durable Tumor Remission, and Long-Term Safety in Patients With Advanced Melanoma Receiving Nivolumab
Authors: Suzanne L. Topalian, Mario Sznol, David F. McDermott, Harriet M. Kluger, Richard D. Carvajal, William H. Sharfman, Julie R. Brahmer, Donald P. Lawrence, Michael B. Atkins, John D. Powderly, Philip D. Leming, Evan J. Lipson, Igor Puzanov, David C. Smith, Janis M. Taube, Jon M. Wigginton, Georgia D. Kollia, Ashok Gupta, Drew M. Pardoll, Jeffrey A. Sosman, F. Stephen Hodi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is an inhibitory receptor expressed by activated T cells that downmodulates effector functions and limits the generation of immune memory. PD-1 blockade can mediate tumor regression in a substantial proportion of patients with melanoma, but it is not known whether this is associated with extended survival or maintenance of response after treatment is discontinued.
CYAD-01, an autologous NKG2D-based CAR T-cell therapy, in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes or multiple myeloma (THINK): haematological cohorts of the dose escalation segment of a phase 1 trial
Authors: David A Sallman, Tessa Kerre, Violaine Havelange, Xavier Poiré, Philippe Lewalle, Eunice S Wang, Jason B Brayer, Marco L Davila, Ine Moors, Jean-Pascal Machiels, Ahmad Awada, Erik M Alcantar-Orozco, Rossitza Borissova, Nathalie Braun, Marie-Sophie Dheur, David E Gilham, Caroline Lonez, Frédéric F Lehmann, Anne Flament
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2023)
The political economy of infant and young child feeding: confronting corporate power, overcoming structural barriers, and accelerating progress
Authors: Phillip Baker, Julie P Smith, Amandine Garde, Laurence M Grummer-Strawn, Benjamin Wood, Gita Sen, Gerard Hastings, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla, Chee Yoke Ling, Nigel Rollins, David McCoy
Journal: The Lancet (2023)

Despite increasing evidence about the value and importance of breastfeeding, less than half of the world's infants and young children (aged 0–36 months) are breastfed as recommended. This Series paper examines the social, political, and economic reasons for this problem. First, this paper highlights the power of the commercial milk formula (CMF) industry to commodify the feeding of infants and young children; influence policy at both national and international levels in ways that grow and sustain CMF markets; and externalise the social, environmental, and economic costs of CMF. Second, this paper examines how breastfeeding is undermined by economic policies and systems that ignore the value of care work by women, including breastfeeding, and by the inadequacy of maternity rights protection across the world, especially for poorer women. Third, this paper presents three reasons why health systems often do not provide adequate breastfeeding protection, promotion, and support. These reasons are the gendered and biomedical power systems that deny women-centred and culturally appropriate care; the economic and ideological factors that accept, and even encourage, commercial influence and conflicts of interest; and the fiscal and economic policies that leave governments with insufficient funds to adequately protect, promote, and support breastfeeding. We outline six sets of wide-ranging social, political, and economic reforms required to overcome these deeply embedded commercial and structural barriers to breastfeeding.
Marketing of commercial milk formula: a system to capture parents, communities, science, and policy
Authors: Nigel Rollins, Ellen Piwoz, Phillip Baker, Gillian Kingston, Kopano Matlwa Mabaso, David McCoy, Paulo Augusto Ribeiro Neves, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla, Linda Richter, Katheryn Russ, Gita Sen, Cecília Tomori, Cesar G Victora, Paul Zambrano, Gerard Hastings
Journal: The Lancet (2023)
Effects of clinical, comorbid, and social determinants of health on brain ageing in people with and without HIV: a retrospective case-control study
Authors: Kalen J Petersen, Tina Lu, Julie Wisch, June Roman, Nicholas Metcalf, Sarah A Cooley, Ganesh M Babulal, Rob Paul, Aristeidis Sotiras, Florin Vaida, Beau M Ances
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2023)
Sotorasib versus docetaxel for previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer with KRASG12C mutation: a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial
Authors: Adrianus Johannes de Langen, Melissa L Johnson, Julien Mazieres, Anne-Marie C Dingemans, Giannis Mountzios, Miklos Pless, Jürgen Wolf, Martin Schuler, Hervé Lena, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Yasuto Yoneshima, Sang-We Kim, Helena Linardou, Silvia Novello, Anthonie J van der Wekken, Yuanbin Chen, Solange Peters, Enriqueta Felip, Benjamin J Solomon, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Christophe Dooms, Colin R Lindsay, Carlos Gil Ferreira, Normand Blais, Cynthia C Obiozor, Yang Wang, Bhakti Mehta, Tracy Varrieur, Gataree Ngarmchamnanrith, Björn Stollenwerk, David Waterhouse, Luis Paz-Ares
Journal: The Lancet (2023)
Effectiveness and safety of cold snare polypectomy and cold endoscopic mucosal resection for nonpedunculated colorectal polyps of 10-19 mm: a multicenter observational cohort study
Authors: Dileep Mangira, Spiro Raftopoulos, Sara Vogrin, Imogen Hartley, Alexandra Mack, Kathryn Gazelakis, Kumanan Nalankilli, Andrew Trinh, Andrew J. Metz, Mark Appleyard, Florian Grimpen, Timothy Elliott, Gregor Brown, Alan Moss
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Background Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is the standard of care for the resection of small (&lt; 10 mm) colonic polyps. Limited data exist for its efficacy for medium-sized (10–19 mm) nonpedunculated polyps, especially conventional adenomas. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of CSP/cold endoscopic mucosal resection (C-EMR) for medium-sized nonpedunculated colonic polyps. Methods A prospective multicenter observational study was conducted of all morphologically suitable nonpedunculated colonic polyps of 10–19 mm removed by CSP/C-EMR between May 2018 and June 2021. Once resection was complete, multiple biopsies were taken of the margins circumferentially and centrally. The primary outcome was the incomplete resection rate (IRR), based on residual polyp in these biopsy specimens. Secondary outcomes were recurrence rate at first surveillance colonoscopy and rates of adverse events (AEs). Results CSP/C-EMR was performed for 350 polyps (median size 15 mm; 266 [76.0 %] Paris 0-IIa classification) in 295 patients. Submucosal injection was used for 87.1 % (n = 305) of polyps. Histology showed 68.6 % adenomas, 26.0 % sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) without dysplasia, 4.0 % SSL with dysplasia, and 1.4 % hyperplastic polyps. The IRRs based on margin or central biopsies being positive were 1.7 % (n = 6) and 0.3 % (n = 1), respectively. The polyp recurrence rate was 1.7 % (n = 4) at first surveillance colonoscopy – completed for 65.4 % (n = 229) of polyps at a median interval of 9.7 months. AEs occurred in 3.4 % (n = 10) of patients: four with post-polypectomy pain; three self-limiting post-polypectomy bleeds; two post-polypectomy-syndrome-like presentations; and one intraprocedural bleed treated with clips. There were no perforations. Conclusion CSP/C-EMR for morphologically suitable nonpedunculated colonic polyps of 10–19 mm is effective and safe, including for conventional adenomas. Rates of incomplete resection and recurrence were low, with few AEs. Studies directly comparing this method with hot snare resection are required.
Breastfeeding: crucially important, but increasingly challenged in a market-driven world
Authors: Rafael Pérez-Escamilla, Cecília Tomori, Sonia Hernández-Cordero, Phillip Baker, Aluisio J D Barros, France Bégin, Donna J Chapman, Laurence M Grummer-Strawn, David McCoy, Purnima Menon, Paulo Augusto Ribeiro Neves, Ellen Piwoz, Nigel Rollins, Cesar G Victora, Linda Richter
Journal: The Lancet (2023)
Pharmacological ascorbate potentiates combination nanomedicines and reduces cancer cell stemness to prevent post-surgery recurrence and systemic metastasis
Authors: Xiaomin Jiang, Jianqiao Liu, Jianming Mao, Wenbo Han, Yingjie Fan, Taokun Luo, Junjie Xia, Morten J. Lee, Wenbin Lin
Journal: Biomaterials (2023)
Increased Resting-State Functional Connectivity as a Compensatory Mechanism for Reduced Brain Volume in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jing Jing, Chang Liu, Wanlin Zhu, Yuesong Pan, Jiyang Jiang, Xueli Cai, Zhe Zhang, Zixiao Li, Yijun Zhou, Xia Meng, Jian Cheng, Yilong Wang, Hao Li, Yong Jiang, Huaguang Zheng, Suying Wang, Haijun Niu, Wei Wen, Perminder S. Sachdev, Tiemin Wei, Tao Liu, Yongjun Wang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2023)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the contribution of alterations in brain structure and function to cognitive function and their interactions in individuals with diabetes and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This population-based study included 2,483 participants who underwent structural MRI (n = 569 with normal glucose metabolism [NGM], n = 1,353 with prediabetes, and n = 561 with T2DM) and cognitive testing. Of these, 2145 participants also underwent functional MRI (n = 496 NGM, n = 1,170 prediabetes, and n = 479 T2DM). Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the association of brain volume and functional connectivity with cognition, as well as the association of brain volume and functional connectivity. RESULTS Compared with NGM participants, those with T2DM had lower brain volume in a wide range of brain regions and stronger functional connectivity between the bilateral thalamus and brain functional network (visual network and default mode network), and those with prediabetes had lower brain volume in specific local regions (subcortical gray matter volume and subcortical subregions [bilateral thalamus, bilateral nucleus accumbens, and right putamen]) and stronger functional connectivity between the right thalamus and visual network. Cognition was associated with greater right thalamus volume and lower functional connectivity between the right thalamus and visual network. Functional connectivity between the right thalamus and visual network was associated with lower right thalamus volume. CONCLUSIONS Cognition was associated with greater brain volume and lower functional connectivity in T2DM. Increased functional connectivity may indicate a compensatory mechanism for reduced brain volume that begins in the prediabetic phase.
TGF-β Regulation of T Cells
Authors: WanJun Chen
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2023)

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a key cytokine regulating the development, activation, proliferation, differentiation, and death of T cells. In CD4+ T cells, TGF-β maintains the quiescence and controls the activation of naive T cells. While inhibiting the differentiation and function of Th1 and Th2 cells, TGF-β promotes the differentiation of Th17 and Th9 cells. TGF-β is required for the induction of Foxp3 in naive T cells and the development of regulatory T cells. TGF-β is crucial in the differentiation of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells and their retention in the tissue, whereas it suppresses effector T cell function. In addition, TGF-β also regulates the generation or function of natural killer T cells, γδ T cells, innate lymphoid cells, and gut intraepithelial lymphocytes. Here I highlight the major findings and recent advances in our understanding of TGF-β regulation of T cells and provide a personal perspective of the field.
Effector-Triggered Immunity
Authors: Brenna C. Remick, Moritz M. Gaidt, Russell E. Vance
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2023)

The innate immune system detects pathogens via germline-encoded receptors that bind to conserved pathogen ligands called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Here we consider an additional strategy of pathogen sensing called effector-triggered immunity (ETI). ETI involves detection of pathogen-encoded virulence factors, also called effectors. Pathogens produce effectors to manipulate hosts to create a replicative niche and/or block host immunity. Unlike PAMPs, effectors are often diverse and rapidly evolving and can thus be unsuitable targets for direct detection by germline-encoded receptors. Effectors are instead often sensed indirectly via detection of their virulence activities. ETI is a viable strategy for pathogen sensing and is used across diverse phyla, including plants, but the molecular mechanisms of ETI are complex compared to simple receptor/ligand-based PAMP detection. Here we survey the mechanisms and functions of ETI, with a particular focus on emerging insights from animal studies. We suggest that many examples of ETI may remain to be discovered, hiding in plain sight throughout immunology.
Structural Brain Alterations in Key Somatosensory and Nociceptive Regions in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Dinesh Selvarajah, Gordon Sloan, Kevin Teh, Iain D. Wilkinson, Francesca Heiberg-Gibbons, Mohammad Awadh, Alan Kelsall, Marni Grieg, Shillo Pallai, Solomon Tesfaye
Journal: Diabetes Care (2023)

OBJECTIVE Despite increasing evidence demonstrating structural and functional alterations within the central nervous system in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), the neuroanatomical correlates of painful and painless DPN have yet to be identified. Focusing on structural MRI, the aims of this study were to 1) define the brain morphological alterations in painful and painless DPN and 2) explore the relationships between brain morphology and clinical/neurophysiological assessments. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 277 participants with type 1 and 2 diabetes (no DPN [n = 57], painless DPN [n = 77], painful DPN [n = 77]) and 66 healthy volunteers (HVs) were enrolled. All underwent detailed clinical/neurophysiological assessment and brain 3T MRI. Participants with painful DPN were subdivided into the irritable (IR) nociceptor and nonirritable (NIR) nociceptor phenotypes using the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain protocol. Cortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation were performed with FreeSurfer software and voxel-based morphometry implemented in FSL. RESULTS Both participants with painful and painless DPN showed a significant reduction in primary somatosensory and motor cortical thickness compared with HVs (P = 0.02; F[3,275] = 3.36) and participants with no DPN (P = 0.01; F[3,275] = 3.80). Somatomotor cortical thickness correlated with neurophysiological measures of DPN severity. There was also a reduction in ventrobasal thalamic nuclei volume in both painless and painful DPN. Participants with painful DPN with the NIR nociceptor phenotype had reduced primary somatosensory cortical, posterior cingulate cortical, and thalamic volume compared with the IR nociceptor phenotype. CONCLUSIONS In this largest neuroimaging study in DPN to date, we demonstrated significant structural alterations in key somatomotor/nociceptive brain regions specific to painless DPN and painful DPN, including the IR and NIR nociceptor phenotypes.
Oral IRAK-4 Inhibitor CA-4948 Is Blood-Brain Barrier Penetrant and Has Single-Agent Activity against CNS Lymphoma and Melanoma Brain Metastases
Authors: Christina A. Von Roemeling, Bently P. Doonan, Kelena Klippel, Daniel Schultz, Lan Hoang-Minh, Vrunda Trivedi, Chenglong Li, Rylynn A. Russell, Raju S. Kanumuri, Abhisheak Sharma, Han W. Tun, Duane A. Mitchell
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

Abstract Purpose: An ongoing challenge in cancer is the management of primary and metastatic brain malignancies. This is partly due to restrictions of the blood-brain barrier and their unique microenvironment. These challenges are most evident in cancers such as lymphoma and melanoma, which are typically responsive to treatment in systemic locations but resistant when established in the brain. We propose interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK-4) as a potential target across these diseases and describe the activity and mechanism of oral IRAK-4 inhibitor CA-4948. Experimental Design: Human primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and melanoma brain metastases (MBM) samples were analyzed for expression of IRAK-4 and downstream transcription pathways. We next determined the central nervous system (CNS) applicability of CA-4948 in naïve and tumor-bearing mice using models of PCNSL and MBM. The mechanistic effect on tumors and the tumor microenvironment was then analyzed. Results: Human PCNSL and MBM have high expression of IRAK-4, IRAK-1, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). This increase in inflammation results in reflexive inhibitory signaling. Similar profiles are observed in immunocompetent murine models. Treatment of tumor-bearing animals with CA-4948 results in the downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in addition to decreased NF-κB. These intracellular changes are associated with a survival advantage. Conclusions: IRAK-4 is an attractive target in PCNSL and MBM. The inhibition of IRAK-4 with CA-4948 downregulates the expression of important transcription factors involved in tumor growth and proliferation. CA-4948 is currently being investigated in clinical trials for relapsed and refractory lymphoma and warrants further translation into PCNSL and MBM.
Impact of Genomic and Clinical Factors on Outcome of Children ≥18 Months of Age with Stage 3 Neuroblastoma with Unfavorable Histology and without<i>MYCN</i>Amplification: A Children's Oncology Group (COG) Report
Authors: Navin Pinto, Arlene Naranjo, Xiangming Ding, Fan F. Zhang, Emily Hibbitts, Rebekah Kennedy, Rachelle Tibbetts, Shannon Wong-Michalak, David W. Craig, Zarko Manojlovic, Michael D. Hogarty, Susan Kreissman, Rochelle Bagatell, Meredith S. Irwin, Julie R. Park, Shahab Asgharzadeh
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

Patients ≥18 months of age with International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) stage 3 unfavorable histology (UH), MYCN-nonamplified (MYCN-NA) tumors have favorable survival rates compared with other high-risk neuroblastoma populations. The impact of select clinical and biological factors on overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were evaluated.Patients enrolled on Children's Oncology Group (COG) A3973 (n = 34), ANBL0532 (n = 27), and/or biology protocol ANBL00B1 (n = 72) were analyzed. Tumors with available DNA (n = 65) and RNA (n = 42) were subjected to whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing. WES analyses and gene expression profiling were evaluated for their impact on survival. Multivariate analyses of EFS/OS using significant factors from univariate analyses were performed.5-year EFS/OS for patients treated with high-risk therapy on A3973 and ANBL0532 were 73.0% ± 8.1%/87.9% ± 5.9% and 61.4% ± 10.2%/73.0% ± 9.2%, respectively (P = 0.1286 and P = 0.2180). In the A3973/ANBL0532 cohort, patients with less than partial response (PR; n = 5) at end-induction had poor outcomes (5-year EFS/OS: 0%/20.0% ± 17.9%. Univariate analyses of WES data revealed that subjects whose tumors had chromosome 1p or 11q loss/LOH and chromosome 5 or 9 segmental chromosomal aberrations had inferior EFS compared with those with tumors without these aberrations. Multivariate analysis revealed that 11q loss/LOH was an independent predictor of inferior OS [HR, 3.116 (95% confidence interval, 1.034-9.389), P = 0.0435].Patients ≥18 months of age at diagnosis who had tumors with UH and MYCN-NA INSS stage 3 neuroblastoma assigned to high-risk therapy had an 81.6% ± 5.3% 5-year OS. Less than PR to induction therapy and chromosome 11q loss/LOH are independent predictors of inferior outcome and identify patients who should be eligible for future high-risk clinical trials.