tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening for domestic violence
Authors: J. Nurse
Journal: BMJ (2002)

# Cultural shift is needed {#article-title-2} EDITOR—The systematic review of Ramsay et al makes a valuable contribution to the debate on whether to screen for domestic violence.1 This debate also needs to consider some of the wider cultural issues influencing the acceptability of the existence of domestic violence in society. ![][1]</img> The taboo of recognising, acknowledging, and bringing into the open issues surrounding domestic violence has led to resistance by the health profession in dealing with what is increasingly becoming understood as an important influence on the health of women.2–5 Domestic violence is not unique: the recent history of the denial of the existence of child sexual abuse has undergone a major societal and cultural shift in the past 20 years, resulting in a heightening of awareness and recognition by health professionals and society at large. A similar cultural shift is starting to take place in attitudes towards domestic violence—for example, with its inclusion within the community safety plans of local authorities. Although clear needs exist for research in determining the effectiveness of interventions for the prevention of domestic violence, part of the resistance towards screening for domestic violence seems to be related to negative attitudes held by health professionals. To address this, more work needs to be done in assessing the training needs of health professionals in relation to domestic violence. Furthermore, the approach to dealing with domestic violence in the health sector may benefit from creating an environment whereby health professionals are seen not to support the use of violence as a means to deal with interpersonal conflict in any setting. A stronger emphasis needs to be placed on becoming a part of the cultural shift … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Subselecting Patients at Risk for Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: David N. Mohr
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Several misconceptions may result from the recent report of pulmonary embolism in women and men in the Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED) study.<sup>1</sup>In this study, risk factors were compared for men and women suspected of having pulmonary embolism. It is valid to compare the presence of risk factors in men and women who have the disease (eg, positive angiogram). However, when one compares these risk factors for those suspected of a disease, the results are biased by the physician's threshold for suspicion of disease, which includes the risk factors under study. The comparison of the frequency of a risk factor in men and women with definite pulmonary embolism with those suspected of pulmonary embolism but with a negative angiogram is invalid owing to selection bias. The authors acknowledge the problem of a biased denominator and concede that suspicion of pulmonary embolism and, hence,
Barbiturates: A Great American Problem
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the calendar year 1972, 89,834 patients were admitted to the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center. The same year, the Toxicology Laboratory analyzed and quantitated 7,182 blood specimens for barbiturates, of which 4,260 were positive. These blood specimens were obtained from clinically ill patients in whom the physician suspected a drugrelated problem. Thus, nearly 5% of all admissions to this very large urban general hospital involved barbiturate-related disease, often severe. Many of these patients obtained their drug legally by prescription of a licensed physician through a licensed pharmacy. Since 1971, the federal government and other groups have attempted to decrease amphetamine use by decreasing its availability. Amphetamines of all types were deleted from this medical center's formulary on April 7,1971, with use for all patients decreasing from more than 42,000 tablets monthly in 1970 to zero since that time. These actions are admirable. However,
<i>In vivo</i>formation of prostaglandin E<sub>1</sub>and prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>in atopic dermatitis
Authors: A. LEONHARDT, M. KRAUSS, U. GIELER, H. SCHWEER, R. HAPPLE, H.W. SEYBERTH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Immunological and biochemical alterations in atopic dermatitis have been attributed to a deficient conversion of omega-6 fatty acids (i.e. linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid) to prostaglandin (PG)E1. In patients with atopic dermatitis, however, the formation of PGE1 has not been evaluated so far. We therefore measured plasma concentrations of 15-keto-13.14-dihydro-PGE1 which reflects endogenous PGE1 release, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in 31 patients with atopic dermatitis (aged 18-41 years, median 26 years) and in 31 healthy, age and sex-matched control subjects. In order to exclude a metabolic shift from PGE1 to PGE2, we also measured the plasma levels of 15-keto-13, 14-dihydro-PGE2. There was no difference between patients and control subjects with respect to plasma concentrations of 15-keto-13, 14-dihydro. PGE1 (3.9-49.6, median 10.3pg/ml vs. 3.2-80.4, median 8.3pg/ml, P = 0.22), 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGE2 (11.6-201.0 median 24.8pg/ml vs. 8.6-201.0.median 19.6 pg/ml, P = 0.10), and the ratio of 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGE1 to 15-keto-13.14-dihydro-PGE2 (0.17-1.39, median 0.41 vs.0.2-0.17, median 0.45, P = 0.29). These results indicate that the endogenous formation of both PGE1 and PGE2 is normal in our patients. The results do not confirm the pivotal role that other authors have attributed to a deficient PGE1 formation in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.
Common epitope in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) I-GP41 and HLA class II elicits immunosuppressive autoantibodies capable of contributing to immune dysfunction in HIV I-infected individuals.
Authors: H Golding, G M Shearer, K Hillman, P Lucas, J Manischewitz, R A Zajac, M Clerici, R E Gress, R N Boswell, B Golding
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

We previously reported the identification of highly conserved homologous regions located in the carboxy terminus of the HIV I gp41-envelope (aa 837-844), and the amino-terminal of the beta chain of all human HLA class II antigens (aa 19-25). Murine monoclonal antibodies, raised against synthetic peptides from these homologous regions, bound not only to the isolated peptides, but also to the native gp160 and class II molecules. In this study one-third of sera from HIV I-infected individuals, at different disease stages, were found to react with both the gp41 and class II-derived peptides. These sera also reacted with "native" HLA class II molecules. The potential affects of such autoantibodies on normal immune functions were examined. It was found that in the presence of class II-cross-reactive (but not control) sera, the proliferative responses of normal CD4+ T cells to tetanus toxoid and allogeneic stimuli were markedly decreased. In addition, these sera could eliminate class II-bearing cells by antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Similar affects were seen with affinity-purified IgG antibodies from patients' sera. Thus, the "molecular mimicry" between HIV I and HLA class II antigens, may lead to the generation of autoantibodies in HIV I-infected individuals that may contribute to the early functional impairment of CD4+ T cell observed in many HIV I-infected individuals.
A Practical Treatise on Materia Medica and Therapeutics.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Student's Histology. A Course of Normal Histology for the Students and Practitioners of Medicine.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inputs into Coronary Care
Authors: JACK H. SCAFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments and Corrections1 December 1974Inputs into Coronary CareJACK H. SCAFF JR., M.D., THOMAS J. BASSLER, M.D.JACK H. SCAFF JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this author, THOMAS J. BASSLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-6-862_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Martin and associates (1) document the futility of waiting for myocardial infarction before instituting therapy. Increasing efforts over the past 30 years have resulted in no change in the in-hospital mortality. We should turn some of our efforts toward prevention of coronary heart disease during the next 30 years.Risk factors can be controlled and mortality reduced if the approach is vigorous enough. We advocate the lifestyle of the marathon runner, since immunity to coronary heart disease appears to coexist with the ability to cover 42 kilometres on foot (2). Kavanagh, Shephard, and Pandit (3) have shown...References1. MARTINDONALDSONLONDON SMC: Inputs into coronary care during 30 years. Ann Intern Med 81:289-293, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar2. BASSLERSCAFF TJ: Can I avoid heart-attack? Lancet 1:863-864, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. KAVANAGHSHEPHARDPANDIT TRV: Marathon running after myocardial infarction. JAMA 229:1602-1605, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: American Medical Joggers Association P.O. Box 4704 North Hollywood, California 91607 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByMarathon Running and Immunity to Coronary Heart DiseaseExercise and sudden death— part ICORONARY HEART DISEASE IN MARATHON RUNNERS 1 December 1974Volume 81, Issue 6Page: 862-862KeywordsCoronary heart diseaseImmunityMedical risk factorsMortalityMyocardial infarction Issue Published: 1 December 1974 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Maastricht Consensus Report Treating young dyspeptic patients Functional dyspepsia in the young Dual publication Reply From the editor Efficacy of ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) dual and triple therapies for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori Reply
Authors: P H KATELARIS, R J L F LOFFELD, R V HEATLEY, P MALFERTHEINER, F MEGRAUD, C O'MORAIN, A DUGGAN, R WILLIAMSON, P MALFERTHEINER, F MEGRAUD, C O'MORAIN
Journal: Gut (1998)

pylori positive if a single, non-invasive test is used.In some circumstances (long term use of antisecretory drugs or abnormalities of gastric motility) a low positive 13 C UBT without other evidence of H pylori infection (serology, bacteriology, histology) may be suggestive of gastric bacterial overgrowth.
Medical Examinations and Licensure
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Misdiagnosis of Drug Abuse
Authors: Daniel T. Teitelbaum
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The growing incidence of drug abuse and misuse by adolescents has raised this problem to the status of a disease, epidemic in proportions, and susceptible of misdiagnosis. Many complications are serious, and some are life threatening. Often great acumen is needed to delineate clearly the syndrome of drug intoxication. The differential diagnosis of toxic psychosis due to drug ingestion is particularly complex. Recently, the Physician's Poison Consultation Service at the University of Colorado Medical Center has been confronted by several instances of misdiagnosis of drug psychosis. These errors were traced to a failure on the part of the examining physicians to separate long hair and odd clothing from odd behavior, as a symptom of disease. Most recently, a young man was admitted to Colorado General Hospital after being transferred from another hospital with a diagnosis of probable psychosis due to drug ingestion. The physicians who had examined
Assessment of Susceptibility to Measles and Rubella
Authors: Stephen R. Preblud
Journal: JAMA (1982)

We conducted a serological and questionnaire study of 755 US Merchant Marine Academy cadets (aged 16 to 29 years) and their parents to determine the cadets' susceptibility rate to measles and rubella and to see if there was any difference in the accuracy of cadet and parental histories of previous infection and vaccination. Approximately 4% of the cadets were susceptible to measles and 17% were susceptible to rubella. Undocumented histories, regardless of the source, were of little value in predicting susceptibility. We also determined the costs and the effectiveness of three alternative strategies for vaccinating susceptible adolescents and young adults: (1) vaccinating all persons regardless of past history; (2) serologically screening all persons and vaccinating only those who were susceptible; and (3) vaccinating all individuals who do not have physician-documented proof of proper vaccination, past infection (measles only), or serological immunity. The cost savings among the three alternatives are dependent on the proportion of potential vaccinees with records available for review and must be balanced against the proportion of susceptible persons protected by each alternative. We also found that a combined vaccination program for both measles and rubella is less costly than a program aimed at providing immunity to only one of the two diseases. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1134-1137)
Gynecomastia in Patients Immobilized in Spica Casts
Authors: Howard H. Kaminsky
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Breast enlargement developed in five patients being treated with spica casts. Examination of the tissue excised in each case revealed gynecomastia. Previous reports of a relationship between long-term immobilization and the development of gynecomastia could not be found. Although evaluation of these patients revealed hormonal abnormalities, the pathophysiology of the growths remains an enigma.
Epidemiology of Retinoids and Cancer&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

A variety of in vitro and in vivo inquiries suggests that retinoids of various sorts may reduce the risk of cancer at various sites. Epidemiologic studies done by a number of different investigators similarly show a reduction in risk with increases in ingestion of vitamin A-containing diets. These reductions in risk are primarily of the squamous cell types of cancer: lung, larynx, mouth, cervix, and bladder cancers. Retinoids, particularly β-carotene, may have a risk-reducing function for such sites. However, evidence has also been found that retinoids under certain conditions may increase the risk of prostate cancer as well as of Hodgkin's disease and leukemia. It is not an impossibility that, although β-carotene could reduce risk under most circumstances, under certain other circumstances it could increase risk for different cancers. Obviously, more research is necessary, particularly with the carotenoids.
Value of The Tumor Registry
Authors: Kenneth B. Olson
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Much rancor and derision have been poured on the lowly tumor registry and yet it is with pleasure that I note the editorial in the June 18, 1973, issue (224:1644) entitled, "Empyema in Lung Cancer— The Cloud With A Silver Lining." A study at the Albany Medical Center Hospital done by, then a student, Mr. Ruckdeschel and Dr. McNeally was the stimulus for this editorial and the study was greatly facilitated, if not made possible, by a tumor registry that provided a source of patients with lung cancer with a good followup so that a meaningful five-year follow-up was possible. In their article, the authors did not credit the tumor registry with any contribution, but in a letter Dr. McNeally gave the registry and its executive secretary, Mrs. Rita Buehler, full credit for the registry's value. I am confident that in many other situations a tumor registry
Undergraduate Medical Education
Authors: Anne E. Crowley
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>MEDICAL SCHOOLS</h3><h3>Accreditation</h3> The official accrediting body for educational programs leading to the MD degree is the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME), which is listed for this purpose by the US Secretary of Education and recognized by the Council on Postsecondary Accreditation. (For membership in the LCME, see Appendix I.) The criteria by which the LCME accredits such programs in the United States and in Canada, in cooperation with the Committee for the Accreditation of Canadian Medical Schools (CACMS), are published in "Functions and Structure of a Medical School: Standards for Accreditation of Medical Education Programs Leading to the MD Degree." Copies of this document are available from the LCME Office, 535 N Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60610, or 1 Dupont Circle NW, Washington, DC 20036. <h3>Accredited Programs in Medical Education</h3> As of July 1,1986, there were 126 US programs and 16 Canadian programs fully accredited to award the
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda and Estrogens
Authors: James T. Vail
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Porphyria cutanea tarda can be induced by a variety of compounds, including estrogens. Cutaneous manifestations of the disease are characterized chiefly by a light- and trauma-sensitive eruption of exposed areas. In two cases occurring secondary to estrogens, improvement followed estrogen withdrawal. Estrogens are known to be capable of impairing hepatic excretory function, but their precise role in inducing porphyria is not understood. It is possible that in predisposed individuals they inhibit enzymes necessary for the normal metabolism of porphyrins.
Cystic Fibrosis and Pregnancy
Authors: Edward C. Rosenow
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A 19-year-old white woman with cystic fibrosis diagnosed for the first time during her first pregnancy was hospitalized for seven weeks for treatment of pulmonary problems. Three weeks later a normal infant was born, by elective low forceps delivery, after a normal labor. This is the 11th reported case of pregnancy occurring in a patient with cystic fibrosis.
Independent Expression of Chemical Carcinogen-Induced Phenotypic Properties Frequently Associated With the Neoplastic State in a Cultured Guinea Pig Cell Line&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Charles H. Evans
 4, Joseph A. DiPaolo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Relationships among carcinogen-induced morphologic transformation, anchorage independence, susceptibility to growth inhibition by the immunologic hormone Iymphotoxin and to natural killer cell and natural lymphoid cell cytotoxicity, natural delayed-type (tuberculin) skin reactivity, and tumorigenicity were investigated with the use of a guinea pig cell culture model of carcinogenesis characterized by sequential, extended developmental stages. Twelve cultures of passage 90 nontumorigenic fibroblast-like line 118 cells derived from a 36-day-old strain 2/N guinea pig fetus were treated with 10 μg benzo[ a]pyrene or 1 μg N-nitroso-N-methylnitroguanidine/ml medium for 3 days and maintained in exponential growth. One week later, all cultures exhibited morphologic alteration, and by 8 weeks two-thirds exhibited morphologic transformation. After 4 months, morphologically altered or transformed cells expressed progressive colony growth in semisolid 0.35% agar medium. Susceptibility to Iymphotoxin colony inhibitory activity developed subsequent to morphologic transformation but independently of growth in semisolid medium. Susceptibility to natural lymphoid cell destruction was also independent of growth in semisolid medium. All four phenotypic properties were expressed only after carcinogen treatment and 12 months later remained unaccompanied by either natural delayed-type skin reactivity or by the ability of the cells to grow as tumors in syngeneic guinea pigs or nu/nu nude mice. Thus while morphologic transformation, colony formation in semisolid medium, and susceptibility to Iymphotoxin and to natural lymphoid cell cytotoxicity were frequently associated with neoplasia, they could be expressed independently of one another; individually or collectively in a specific developmental sequence, they were insufficient for expression of either natural delayed-type skin reactivity or tumorigenicity.