tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of Fertility and Perspectives About Family Planning Among Female Physicians
Authors: Kathryn S. Smith, Jennifer B. Bakkensen, Anne P. Hutchinson, Elaine O. Cheung, Jessica Thomas, Veronika Grote, Patricia I. Moreno, Kara N. Goldman, Neil Jordan, Eve C. Feinberg
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Pervasive gender disparities exist in medicine regarding promotion, achievement of academic rank, and appointment to leadership positions. Fertility and childbearing concerns may contribute to these disparities. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess fertility knowledge and concerns and evaluate barriers to family building and impact on academic attrition reported by female physicians. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This qualitative study used mixed methods; first, structured 1:1 interviews exploring fertility knowledge and family-building concerns were conducted among 16 female physicians between November 2019 and May 2020. Transcripts were coded in Dedoose and used to develop a survey instrument with subsequent pilot testing conducted among 24 female physicians between April 2020 and September 2020. Data analysis was performed from January 2021 to March 2021. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Fertility knowledge, perceptions of peer and institutional support surrounding childbearing, factors contributing to delayed childbearing, and impact of family planning on career decisions. <h3>Results</h3> Among 16 women who completed qualitative interviews, 4 (25%) were Asian, 1 (6%) was Black, 1 (6%) was multiracial, and 10 (63%) were White; mean (SD) age was 34.9 (4.0) years. Evaluation of fertility knowledge revealed 3 notable themes: (1) inadequate formal fertility education, (2) informal learning through infertility experiences of patients, peers, or personal struggles, and (3) desire to improve medical education through early introduction and transparent discussions about infertility. Exploration of childbearing concerns similarly revealed several salient themes: (1) high incidence of delayed childbearing, (2) perceived lack of peer and administrative support, and (3) impact of family building on career trajectory. These themes were borne out in pilot testing of the survey instrument: of 24 female physicians (7 Asian women [27%], 1 Black woman [4%], 1 Hispanic or Latinx woman [4%], 1 multiracial woman [4%], 15 White women [58%]; mean [SD] age, 36.1 [6.7] years), 17 (71%) had delayed childbearing and 16 (67%) had altered their career for family-building reasons. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Qualitative interviews identified fertility and family building concerns among female physicians and were used to develop a tailored survey for women in medicine. These findings suggest that female physicians may delay childbearing and make substantial accommodations in their careers to support family building. A large-scale national survey is needed to better characterize the unique fertility, childbearing, and parenting needs of women in academic medicine to better understand how these concerns may contribute to academic attrition.
National Academies: US Nursing Home System Needs Fundamental Overhaul
Authors: Jennifer Abbasi
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Simple and Efficient Strategy for Preparing a Cell‐Spheroid‐Based Bioink
Authors: Weiyan Sun, Jiahui Zhang, Yechi Qin, Hai Tang, Yi Chen, Weikang Lin, Yunlang She, Kunxi Zhang, Jingbo Yin, Chang Chen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Abstract Cell spheroids are a promising bioprinting building block that can mimic several physiological conditions in embryonic development. However, it remains challenging to efficiently prepare cell‐spheroid‐based bioink (Sph‐bioink) with favorable printability and spheroid fusion ability. In this work, a poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)‐based porous hydrogel is developed as an “all‐in‐one” platform for Sph‐bioink preparation. On the one hand, the nonadhesive porous structure in hydrogels is an effective tool for fabricating adipose‐derived stem cell (ASC) spheroids in high yield, and the hydrogel itself also serves as a “carrier” for conveniently transferring cell spheroids to the bioprinter. On the other hand, the integration of redox/thermo‐responsiveness allows the hydrogel to shift from a solid spheroid‐making tool to an extrudable bioprinting medium that is sensitive to temperature. These features enabled a simple procedure for preparing Sph‐bioink, in which the cell spheroids were densely packed to retain fusion capability. The present study also demonstrates that ASC spheroids formed in hydrogels have good biological preservation and superior chondrogenic differentiation, and verified the feasibility of using Sph‐bioink to build custom‐shaped mature cartilage. In conclusion, this strategy provides a simple, efficient, and standardized approach for Sph‐bioink preparation, making it possible to produce tissue‐engineered constructs with accelerated maturation and functionalization.
Penetrance of Deleterious Clinical Variants—Reply
Authors: Iain S. Forrest, Girish N. Nadkarni, Ron Do
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pancreatic islet transplantation in type 1 diabetes: 20-year experience from a single-centre cohort in Canada
Authors: Braulio A Marfil-Garza, Sharleen Imes, Kevin Verhoeff, Joshua Hefler, Anna Lam, Khaled Dajani, Blaire Anderson, Doug O'Gorman, Tatsuya Kin, David Bigam, Peter A Senior, A M James Shapiro
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2022)
Prevalence of intimate partner violence against infertile women in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yuanyuan Wang, Yu Fu, Parastou Ghazi, Qin Gao, Tian Tian, Fei Kong, Siyan Zhan, Chaojie Liu, David E Bloom, Jie Qiao
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2022)

Infertility and intimate partner violence (IPV) are of serious concern globally, yet the prevalence of IPV against infertile women has not been quantified at the regional or global level. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of IPV against infertile women and its variation in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Version
Authors: Bonnie Salomon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Ad LibitumMay 2022VersionBonnie Salomon, MDBonnie Salomon, MDNorthwestern Medicine Lake Forest Hospital Lake Forest, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M21-3890 Audio Reading - “Version” Audio. Virginia L. Hood, MD, a physician from the University of Vermont, reads “Version” by Bonnie Salomon, MD Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I.If you turn the baby it may come,turtling out his head, a sneak peak,forces the decision to emerge. Slick ro-tation, then ejection, a sudden gulpbefore a birth cry. A moment.Warm waters pour from his mother.What changes there will be, onward,unknown as the dark worldnow abandoned. Ancients knew it well:You can't step in the same river twice.II.Tell me again about the ship of Theseus:If every plank is changed, is the ship the same?If everything alters, does the essence remain,or does purpose force identity, no matterwhich cells, turning over, coming to end,coming to be, replace what lived before?Ships settle ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Northwestern Medicine Lake Forest Hospital Lake Forest, IllinoisCorresponding Author: Bonnie Salomon, MD; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Version” Audio. Virginia L. Hood, MD, a physician from the University of Vermont, reads “Version” by Bonnie Salomon, MD Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics May 2022Volume 175, Issue 5Page: 743 ePublished: 17 May 2022 Issue Published: May 2022 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2022 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Macrophage-evading and tumor-specific apoptosis inducing nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy
Authors: Zimo Liu, Xuefei Zhou, Qi Li, Youqing Shen, Tianhua Zhou, Xiangrui Liu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2022)

Extended circulation of anticancer nanodrugs in blood stream is essential for their clinical applications. However, administered nanoparticles are rapidly sequestered and cleared by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). In this study, we developed a biomimetic nanosystem that is able to efficiently escape MPS and target tumor tissues. The fabricated nanoparticles (TM-CQ/NPs) were coated with fibroblast cell membrane expressing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL). Coating with this functionalized membrane reduced the endocytosis of nanoparticles by macrophages, but increased the nanoparticle uptake in tumor cells. Importantly, this membrane coating specifically induced tumor cell apoptosis via the interaction of TRAIL and its cognate death receptors. Meanwhile, the encapsulated chloroquine (CQ) further suppressed the uptake of nanoparticles by macrophages, and synergized with TRAIL to induce tumor cell apoptosis. The vigorous antitumor efficacy in two mice tumor models confirmed our nanosystem was an effective approach to address the MPS challenge for cancer therapy. Together, our TM-CQ/NPs nanosystem provides a feasible approach to precisely target tumor tissues and improve anticancer efficacy.
Association of Extreme Heat With All-Cause Mortality in the Contiguous US, 2008-2017
Authors: Sameed Ahmed M. Khatana, Rachel M. Werner, Peter W. Groeneveld
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> The number of extreme heat events is increasing because of climate change. Previous studies showing an association between extreme heat and higher mortality rates generally have been limited to urban areas, and whether there is heterogeneity across different populations is not well studied; understanding whether this association varies across different communities, particularly minoritized racial and ethnic groups, may allow for more targeted mitigation efforts. <h3>Objective</h3> To the assess the association between extreme heat and all-cause mortality rates in the US. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cross-sectional study involved a longitudinal analysis of the association between the number of extreme heat days in summer months from 2008 to 2017 (obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Environmental Public Health Tracking Program) and county-level all-cause mortality rates (obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics), using a linear fixed-effects model across all counties in the contiguous US among adults aged 20 years and older. Data analysis was performed from September 2021 to March 2022. <h3>Exposures</h3> The number of extreme heat days per month. Extreme heat was identified if the maximum heat index was greater than or equal to 90 °F (32.2 °C) and in the 99th percentile of the maximum heat index in the baseline period (1979 to 2007). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> County-level, age-adjusted, all-cause mortality rates. <h3>Results</h3> There were 219 495 240 adults aged 20 years and older residing in the contiguous US in 2008, of whom 113 294 043 (51.6%) were female and 38 542 838 (17.6%) were older than 65 years. From 2008 to 2017, the median (IQR) number of extreme heat days during summer months in all 3108 counties in the contiguous US was 89 (61-122) days. After accounting for time-invariant confounding, secular time trends, and time-varying environmental and economic measures, each additional extreme heat day in a month was associated with 0.07 additional death per 100 000 adults (95% CI, 0.03-0.10 death per 100 000 adults;<i>P</i> = .001). In subgroup analyses, greater increases in mortality rates were found for older vs younger adults (0.19 death per 100 000 individuals; 95% CI, 0.04-0.34 death per 100 000 individuals), male vs female adults (0.12 death per 100 000 individuals; 95% CI, 0.05-0.18 death per 100 000 individuals), and non-Hispanic Black vs non-Hispanic White adults (0.11 death per 100 000 individuals; 95% CI, 0.02-0.20 death per 100 000 individuals). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These findings suggest that from 2008 to 2017, extreme heat was associated with higher all-cause mortality in the contiguous US, with a greater increase noted among older adults, men, and non-Hispanic Black individuals. Without mitigation, the projected increase in extreme heat due to climate change may widen health disparities between groups.
Delineating the RAS Conformational Landscape
Authors: Mitchell I. Parker, Joshua E. Meyer, Erica A. Golemis, Roland L. Dunbrack,
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Mutations in RAS isoforms (KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS) are among the most frequent oncogenic alterations in many cancers, making these proteins high priority therapeutic targets. Effectively targeting RAS isoforms requires an exact understanding of their active, inactive, and druggable conformations. However, there is no structural catalog of RAS conformations to guide therapeutic targeting or examining the structural impact of RAS mutations. Here we present an expanded classification of RAS conformations based on analyses of the catalytic switch 1 (SW1) and switch 2 (SW2) loops. From 721 human KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS structures available in the Protein Data Bank (206 RAS-protein cocomplexes, 190 inhibitor-bound, and 325 unbound, including 204 WT and 517 mutated structures), we created a broad conformational classification based on the spatial positions of Y32 in SW1 and Y71 in SW2. Clustering all well-modeled SW1 and SW2 loops using a density-based machine learning algorithm defined additional conformational subsets, some previously undescribed. Three SW1 conformations and nine SW2 conformations were identified, each associated with different nucleotide states (GTP-bound, nucleotide-free, and GDP-bound) and specific bound proteins or inhibitor sites. The GTP-bound SW1 conformation could be further subdivided on the basis of the hydrogen bond type made between Y32 and the GTP γ-phosphate. Further analysis clarified the catalytic impact of G12D and G12V mutations and the inhibitor chemistries that bind to each druggable RAS conformation. Overall, this study has expanded our understanding of RAS structural biology, which could facilitate future RAS drug discovery.Analysis of >700 RAS structures helps define an expanded landscape of active, inactive, and druggable RAS conformations, the structural impact of common RAS mutations, and previously uncharacterized RAS inhibitor-binding modes.
Validation and functional characterization of GWAS-identified variants for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a CRuCIAL study
Authors: Paloma García-Martín, Ana Moñiz Díez, José Manuel Sánchez Maldonado, Antonio José Cabrera Serrano, Rob ter Horst, Yolanda Benavente, Stefano Landi, Angelica Macauda, Alyssa Clay-Gilmour, Francisca Hernández-Mohedo, Yasmeen Niazi, Pedro González-Sierra, Blanca Espinet, Juan José Rodríguez-Sevilla, Rossana Maffei, Gonzalo Blanco, Matteo Giaccherini, Anna Puiggros, James Cerhan, Roberto Marasca, Marisa Cañadas-Garre, Miguel Ángel López-Nevot, Tzu Chen-Liang, Hauke Thomsen, Irene Gámez, Víctor Moreno, Rafael Marcos-Gragera, María García-Álvarez, Javier Llorca, Andrés Jerez, Sonja Berndt, Aleksandra Butrym, Aaron D. Norman, Delphine Casabonne, Mario Luppi, Susan L. Slager, Kari Hemminki, Yang Li, Miguel Alcoceba, Daniele Campa, Federico Canzian, Silvia de Sanjosé, Asta Försti, Mihai G. Netea, Manuel Jurado, Juan Sainz
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2022)
Safety and Efficacy of Irradiation Boost Based on 18F-FET-PET in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Maciej Harat, Maciej Blok, Izabela Miechowicz, Izabela Wiatrowska, Karolina Makarewicz, Bogdan Małkowski
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Purpose: Dual timepoint fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine (FET)-PET acquisition (10 and 60 minutes after FET injection) improves the definition of glioblastoma (GBM) location and shape. Here we evaluated the safety and efficacy of simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) planned using dual FET-PET for postoperative GBM treatment. Patients and Methods: In this prospective pilot study (March 2017–December 2020), 17 patients qualified for FET-PET–based SIB intensity-modulated radiotherapy after resection. The prescribed dose was 78 and 60 Gy (2.6 and 2.0 Gy per fraction, respectively) for the FET-PET– and magnetic resonance (MR)-based target volumes. Eleven patients had FET-PET within 9 months to precisely define biological responses. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), toxicities, and radiation necrosis were evaluated. Six patients (35%) had tumors with MGMT promoter methylation. Results: The 1- and 2-year OS and PFS rates were 73% and 43% and 53% and 13%, respectively. The median OS and PFS were 24 [95% confidence interval (CI), 9–26] and 12 (95% CI, 6–18) months, respectively. Two patients developed uncontrolled seizures during radiotherapy and could not receive treatment per protocol. In patients treated per protocol, 7 of 15 presented with new or increased neurologic deficits in the first month after irradiation. Radiation necrosis was diagnosed by MRI 3 months after SIB in 5 patients and later in another 2 patients. In 2 patients, the tumor was larger in FET-PET images after 6 months. Conclusions: Survival outcomes using our novel dose-escalation concept (total 78 Gy) were promising, even within the MGMT unmethylated subgroup. Excessive neurotoxicity was not observed, but radionecrosis was common and must be considered in future trials.
Distinct disease-specific Tfh cell populations in 2 different fibrotic diseases: IgG4-related disease and Kimura disease
Authors: Ryusuke Munemura, Takashi Maehara, Yuka Murakami, Risako Koga, Ryuichi Aoyagi, Naoki Kaneko, Atsushi Doi, Cory A. Perugino, Emanuel Della-Torre, Takako Saeki, Yasuharu Sato, Hidetaka Yamamoto, Tamotsu Kiyoshima, John H. Stone, Shiv Pillai, Seiji Nakamura
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Beyond the Waiver: Multilevel Interventions Needed to Expand Buprenorphine Treatment
Authors: Elizabeth A. Samuels, Alister F. Martin
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Holly J. Lanham, PhD, MBA; Jennifer Papac, MD; Daniela I. Olmos, BA; Emily L. Heydemann, MSW; Nathalia Simonetti, BS; Susanne Schmidt, PhD; Jennifer S. Potter, PhD, MPH
Tubular-specific CDK12 knockout causes a defect in urine concentration due to premature cleavage of the slc12a1 gene
Authors: Bin Wang, Yao Wang, Yi Wen, Yi-Lin Zhang, Wei-Jie Ni, Tao-Tao Tang, Jing-Yuan Cao, Qing Yin, Wei Jiang, Di Yin, Zuo-Lin Li, Lin-Li Lv, Bi-Cheng Liu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2022)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) plays a critical role in regulating gene transcription. CDK12 inhibition is a potential anticancer therapeutic strategy. However, several clinical trials have shown that CDK inhibitors might cause renal dysfunction and electrolyte disorders. CDK12 is abundant in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), but the exact role of CDK12 in renal physiology remains unclear. Genetic knockout of CDK12 in mouse RTECs causes polydipsia, polyuria, and hydronephrosis. This phenotype is caused by defects in water reabsorption that are the result of reduced Na-K-2Cl cotransporter 2 (NKCC2) levels in the kidney. In addition, CKD12 knockout causes an increase in Slc12a1 (which encodes NKCC2) intronic polyadenylation events, which results in Slc12a1 truncated transcript production and NKCC2 downregulation. These findings provide novel insight into CDK12 being necessary for maintaining renal homeostasis by regulating NKCC2 transcription, which explains the critical water and electrolyte disturbance that occurs during the application of CDK12 inhibitors for cancer treatment. Therefore, there are safety concerns about the clinical use of these new anticancer drugs.