tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OP0135 RISK OF DEMYELINATING EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS RECEIVING TUMOUR NECROSIS FACTOR INHIBITORS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: I. Castrejon, L. Silva-Fernández, J. A. Gómez-Puerta, A. Ortiz, N. Mena-Vázquez, J. Tornero Molina, C. Plasencia, J. M. Alvaro-Gracia
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2023)

<h3>Background</h3> Several case reports published in the 2000's indicated that demyelinating diseases could be a serious adverse event following TNF inhibitors (TNFi) treatment. However, initial data from biological therapy registries did not bring enough clarification. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate whether treatment with biologics or targeted synthetic DMARDs is associated with an increased risk of demyelinating events among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) <h3>Methods</h3> A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE (up to Oct 2022), and by manual references. Selection criteria: (population) patients with RA; (intervention) treatment with any biologic including TNFi and synthetic DMARDs, (outcome) demyelinating event; (study design) observational studies and randomised clinical trials. Titles and abstracts were screened and data were extracted from the selected studies including quality evaluation, and outcomes of interest. <h3>Results</h3> From 368 identified studies, 4 cohorts and 3 nested case-control studies reported risk of demyelinating events following treatment with biologics, mainly TNFi and anakinra, in one study. Most studies included mixed populations of inflammatory arthritis and patients with RA were analysed as a separate subgroup. Two nested case-control reported an increased risk, but in a mixed population, with no analysis of a subgroup of RA. In general, demyelinating events were very uncommon in patients receiving TNFi, with a marginal increased risk in males with RA in 2 studies (Table 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> No consistent and significant risk of demyelinating disease following TNFi treatment was found in RA patients. A marginal and slight increase of risk was found in male RA patients. The small number of events is reassuring when considering the use of TNFi. A careful consideration is recommended in individuals at highest risk of demyelinating diseases. <h3>References</h3> [1] Neurology. 2022 Oct 28:10.1212. [2] Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2021;8(3). [3] JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(8):937-46. [4] Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(5):566-72. [5] Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(4):785-6. [6] Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2011;41(3):524-33. [7] Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(9):1691-3. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> IC received partial funding from the Spanish Society of Rheumatology (SER). <h3>Disclosure of Interests</h3> None Declared.
OP0114 ENDOTHELIAL RESPONSE TO TYPE I INTERFERON CONTRIBUTES TO VASCULOPATHY AND FIBROSIS AND PREDICTS DISEASE PROGRESSION OF SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS
Authors: H. Yin, Q. Yan, L. Lu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2023)

<h3>Background</h3> Type I interferon (IFN-1) signature is a hallmark of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc)<sup>[1-2]</sup>. However, the meaning of the IFN-1 signature for the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations is less clear, and reported associations are rather weak. <h3>Objectives</h3> This study aims to better understand the significance of IFN-1 in SSc clinical stratification and its contribution to disease deterioration. <h3>Methods</h3> For hypothesis generation, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) on skin biopsies (SSc=4, control =2) using the BD Rhapsody platform. A publicly available dataset (GSE138669) of skin scRNAseq (dcSSc=12, control =10) was used for validation. IFN-1 signature was mapped, functionally investigated in a bleomycin plus IFNα2-adeno-associated virus (IFNA2-AAV) induced model, and verified in an SSc cohort (n=61). <h3>Results</h3> In discovery data, endothelial cells (EC) had the most prominent IFN-1 response among dermal non-immune cells. EC from postcapillary venules, arterioles and capillaries were the major responders of IFN-1. Ascending IFN-1 signature presented in total EC from control, lcSSc, to dcSSc and was still true in the EC subclusters above. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) scores increased in parallel. The validation data confirmed IFN-1 signature and EndoMT elevation in total and subgroups of EC. IFNA2-AAV deteriorated bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis, EndoMT, and perivascular fibrosis and caused blood vessel loss via endothelial apoptosis. In SSc skin biopsies, vascular MX1, an IFN-1 response protein, was increased in total SSc and significantly higher in dcSSc than in lcSSc. To predict disease progression in 6-34 months, the baseline vascular MX1 performed similarly to skin score in total SSc and was superior in the dcSSc subpopulation (Figure 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The EC IFN-1 signature distinguished SSc skin subtypes and disease progression efficiently and may contribute to vasculopathy and fibrosis. <h3>References</h3> [1]Barrat FJ, Lu TT. Role of type I interferons and innate immunity in systemic sclerosis: unbalanced activities on distinct cell types? Current opinion in rheumatology. 2019;31(6):569-75. [2]Kakkar V, Assassi S, Allanore Y, Kuwana M, Denton CP, Khanna D, et al. Type 1 interferon activation in systemic sclerosis: a biomarker, a target or the culprit. Current opinion in rheumatology. 2022;34(6):357-64. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [81974251], Shanghai Hospital Development Center, Joint Research of New Advanced Technology Project [SHDC12018106] and Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning [20204Y0088] <h3>Disclosure of Interests</h3> None Declared.
OP0087-HPR HIGH INTENSITY EXERCISE IMPROVES GENERAL AND PHYSICAL FATIGUE IN PATIENTS WITH ESTABLISHED RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: A. Bilberg, J. Bjersing, K. Mannerkorpi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2023)

<h3>Background</h3> Despite more effective control of inflammation by improved pharmacological therapies, persistent pain and fatigue are still a major problem among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which often leads to slow deterioration of function and general health. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the effect of high-intensity exercise on fatigue, pain, and general health in patients with established RA. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with RA (ACR/EULAR 1987/2010 criteria), disease duration &gt; 12 months, were recruited and randomised to either an exercise group or a control group. The exercise program of 12 weeks comprised supervised cardiorespiratory high-intensity interval exercise and strength exercise twice per week plus an additional non-supervised session of the patient´s own choice. The controls received individual information for physical activity according to the general health recommendations and were encouraged to be active on moderate intensive level ≥150 minutes/week. Outcomes. Self-reported ratings on symptoms were evaluated at baseline (BL) and 3 months (M3): Fatigue, using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI 20) scale, including five subscales; general fatigue, physical fatigue, mental fatigue, reduced activity and reduced motivation (range = 4 to 20 for each subscale, higher score = higher degree of fatigue); visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for the assessment of average pain intensity, fatigue and general health during the last week due to the rheumatic disease (0 = no symptom, 100 = worst possible). <h3>Results</h3> A total of 73 patients median age 49 (86.3% women), median disease activity 2.0 (1,34 to 2.56 IQR) (DAS28-ESR) were included in the study. At 3 months, there was a significant improvement on MFI-20 subscales general fatigue (p=0.002) and physical fatigue (p&lt;0.001) in the intervention group when compared with the control group. No significant differences of change were found for the other subscales, general fatigue, reduced activity and reduced motivation or for VAS fatigue. A significant difference of change was found between the groups for VAS Global (p=0.026) while no significant differences of change was found for VAS pain between the groups. Table 1. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A 12-week exercise program of high intensity had beneficial effects on general fatigue and physical fatigue, in patients with established RA whereas the intervention did not influence pain intensity or general health. A multidimensional scale on fatigue appears to better distinguish changes in fatigue than a one-dimensional scale in patients with established RA. <h3>REFERENCES:</h3> NIL. <h3>Acknowledgements:</h3> NIL. <h3>Disclosure of Interests</h3> None Declared.
OP0082 COVID-19 VACCINE SAFETY DURING PREGNANCY AND BREASTFEEDING IN WOMEN WITH AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES: RESULTS FROM THE COVAD STUDY
Authors: L. Andreoli, D. Lini, K. Schreiber, P. Sen, N. Ravichandran, I. Parodis, C. E. Toro Gutierrez, W. Katchamart, P. A. Goo, R. Shumnalieva, O. C. Chibuzo, T. Velikova, J. Day, M. Joshi, S. Katsuyuki Shinjo, A. E. Gracia-Ramos, L. Cavagna, M. Kuwana, J. Knitza, A. Makol, Y. M. Chen, C. Study, H. Chinoy, V. Agarwal, R. Aggarwal, L. Gupta
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2023)

<h3>Background:</h3> COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among pregnant and breastfeeding women with autoimmune diseases (AID) is often attributed to the fear of adverse events (AE) and disease flares (DF). No data are available regarding COVID-19 vaccine safety in this population. <h3>Objectives:</h3> We aimed at describing delayed-onset (&gt;7 days) vaccine-related AE (minor and major), DF, and related AID treatment modifications from the COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) study. <h3>Methods:</h3> Among complete responses from 9201 participants as of June 21, 2022, 6787 (73.8%) were women. Six subgroups were identified upon diagnosis of AID vs healthy controls (HC) and their pregnancy/breastfeeding status at the time of any dose of vaccine (Figure 1). <h3>Results</h3> Forty pregnant and 52 breastfeeding AID patients were identified and their vaccination rates (at least one dose) was 100% and 96.2%, respectively (Table 1). Overall AE, minor AE, and major AE were reported significantly more frequently by pregnant than non-pregnant patients (45% vs. 26%, p=0.01; 40% vs. 25.9%, p=0.03; 17.5% vs. 4.6%, p&lt;0.01), but no difference was found in comparison with pregnant HC. No difference was observed between breastfeeding patients and HC. Post-vaccination DF were reported by 17.5% of pregnant and 20% of breastfeeding patients, and by 18% of age- and disease-matched control patients (n=2315). All DF in pregnant/breastfeeding patients were managed with glucocorticoids and a fifth of them required initiation or change in immunosuppressive treatment. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study provides the first insights into the safety of COVID-19 vaccination during the antenatal period in women with AID. While AEs were more commonly reported by pregnant patients with AID, these were no higher than among pregnant healthy controls without AID. These observations are reassuring, likely to strengthen physician-patient communication and overcome hesitancy as the benefits for the mother and fetus by passive immunization are likely to overweigh the potential risks of AE and DF. <h3>Reference</h3> [1]Fazal ZZ, et al; COVAD Study Group. COVAD survey 2 long-term outcomes: unmet need and protocol. Rheumatol Int 2022; 42:2151-2158. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> The authors are grateful to all respondents, to all patients support groups, and to all COVAD Study Group collaborators from 106 Countries. <h3>Disclosure of Interests</h3> None Declared.
Reply to Lipworth and Chan
Authors: Christopher S. Ambrose, Elliot Israel, Karin Bowen, Jean-Pierre Llanos, Neil Martin, Bill Cook, Åsa Hellqvist, Stephanie Korn, Andrew Menzies-Gow, Stephanie L. Roseti, Nestor A. Molfino, Janet M. Griffiths, Jane R. Parnes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

"Ambrose, et al. Reply to: Disconnect for Tezepelumab on Exacerbations, Symptoms and Quality of Life in Type 2 Low Asthma." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
The tumor immune microenvironment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after gemcitabine plus cisplatin treatment
Authors: Jiawei Lv, Yuan Wei, Jian-Hua Yin, Yu-Pei Chen, Guan-Qun Zhou, Chen Wei, Xiao-Yu Liang, Yuan Zhang, Cui-Juan Zhang, Shi-Wei He, Qing-Mei He, Zhuo-Li Huang, Jia-Li Guan, Jia-Yi Shen, Xiao-Min Li, Jun-Yan Li, Wen-Fei Li, Ling-Long Tang, Yan-Ping Mao, Rui Guo, Rui Sun, Yu-Hui Zheng, Wen-Wen Zhou, Ke-Xu Xiong, Si-Qi Wang, Xin Jin, Na Liu, Gui-Bo Li, Dong-Ming Kuang, Ying Sun, Jun Ma
Journal: Nature Medicine (2023)
The German Network for Personalized Medicine to enhance patient care and translational research
Authors: A. L. Illert, A. Stenzinger, M. Bitzer, P. Horak, V. I. Gaidzik, Y. Möller, J. Beha, Ö. Öner, F. Schmitt, S. Laßmann, S. Ossowski, C. P. Schaaf, M. Hallek, T. H. Brümmendorf, P. Albers, T. Fehm, P. Brossart, H. Glimm, D. Schadendorf, A. Bleckmann, C. H. Brandts, I. Esposito, E. Mack, C. Peters, C. Bokemeyer, S. Fröhling, T. Kindler, H. Algül, V. Heinemann, H. Döhner, R. Bargou, V. Ellenrieder, P. Hillemanns, F. Lordick, A. Hochhaus, M. W. Beckmann, T. Pukrop, M. Trepel, L. Sundmacher, S. Wesselmann, G. Nettekoven, F. Kohlhuber, O. Heinze, J. Budczies, M. Werner, K. Nikolaou, A. J. Beer, G. Tabatabai, W. Weichert, U. Keilholz, M. Boerries, O. Kohlbacher, J. Duyster, R. Thimme, T. Seufferlein, P. Schirmacher, N. P. Malek
Journal: Nature Medicine (2023)
OP0024 DOES ANTIRHEUMATIC MEDICAL TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AFFECT SURVIVAL AFTER FIRST ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: M. Skielta, L. Söderström, S. Rantapää Dahlqvist, A. Södergren, T. Mooe
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2023)

<h3>Background</h3> Our previous study showed that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was associated with higher one-year mortality after first acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Studies have shown increased mortality already within 30 days after cardiovascular events (AMI or stroke) in RA patients compared to non-RA patients. <h3>Objectives</h3> We aimed to study if antirheumatic medical treatment affected survival within 30 days after a first AMI in patients with RA versus non-RA patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Data for 198944 patients with a first AMI were drawn from the Swedish Register of Information and Knowledge about Swedish Heart Intensive Care Admissions for 2006-2017. We used the National Patient Register to identify RA patients with AMI. RA was defined as ≥2 visits to a Rheumatology or Internal Medicine department with a diagnosis of RA, 3725 patients were diagnosed. Antirheumatic medical treatment prescribed during six months prior to the first AMI in RA and non-RA patients was obtained from the National Prescribed Drug Register. The drugs and all their combinations were divided into five groups: Corticosteroids, NSAID (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug), csDMARD (conventional syntethic Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug), anti-TNF (anti Tumor Necrosis Factor), bDMARD (biological Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables associated with increased mortality within 30 days after first AMI in each treatment group. <h3>Results</h3> Increased risk of death was found in the corticosteroid group in both non-RA and RA groups (OR 1.61 and 1.66). Treatment with csDMARD and anti-TNF in the RA group were associated with increased survival (OR 0.81 and 0.72), Table 1. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We showed that patients treated with corticosteroids had an increased risk of death after first AMI. RA patients treated with csDMARD and anti-TNF had an increased survival which could imply that high inflammatory activity in RA patients may be part of the explanation of the increased mortality after first AMI. <h3>References</h3> [1] <b>Skielta M</b> et al. Trends in mortality, co-morbidity and treatment after acute myocardial infarction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis 1998-2013. European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care 2020, Vol 9(8) 931-938 [2] <b>Van Doornum S</b> et al. Increased case fatality rates following a first acute cardiovascular event in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Jul;54(7):2061-8 <h3>Acknowledgements:</h3> NIL. <h3>Disclosure of Interests</h3> None Declared.
OP0018 SINGLE-CELL ANALYSIS REVEALS FUNCTIONAL HETEROGENEITY OF PERIPHERAL HELPER T CELLS IN THE SYNOVIUM OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: T. Li, X. Zhang
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2023)

<h3>Background</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that mainly affects the joints. The synovium is the primary site of the inflammatory process, in which the local immune response develops. Peripheral helper T cells (Tph) are a population of CXCR5<sup>-</sup>PD1<sup>hi</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells which are thought to provide help for ectopic B cell response. However, whether there is heterogeneity among Tph cells is not clear. <h3>Objectives</h3> To identify whether there are functional heterogeneity among Tph cells in the synovium of RA patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), single-cell repertoire sequencing (scTCR/BCR-seq), high-dimensional flow cytometry, multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) are used to study the synovial T cells and B cells from RA patients. Tph subsets were sorted to study their effect on B cell differentiation. Furthermore, the spatial features of Tph subsets and potential clinical relevance are investigated. <h3>Results</h3> scRNA-seq analysis indicates that synovial Tph cells can be divided into two subsets: LAG3<sup>-</sup> and LAG3<sup>+</sup>, which are validated by flow cytometry and mIHC. Transcriptome and flow cytometry analyses reveal that the LAG3<sup>+</sup> Tph cells are more activated and exhausted than the LAG3<sup>-</sup> Tph cells, with the former highly expressing a panel of exhausted markers including TIM3, TIGIT, and TOX. By contrast, the LAG3<sup>-</sup> Tph cells express higher levels of molecules related to B cell help, including MAF and IL-21. In functional assays, the LAG3<sup>-</sup> Tph cells are more potent to promote plasma cell differentiation and immunoglobulin secretion than the LAG3<sup>+</sup> Tph cells. Cell ligand-receptor and mIHC spatial analyses uncovered close interactions between the LAG3<sup>-</sup> Tph cells and B cells/plasma cells in the synovium of RA patients. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Synovial Tph cells from RA patients can be divided into LAG3<sup>-</sup> and LAG3<sup>+</sup> subsets, with the former primarily responsible for B cell help. A better understanding of the heterogeneity of Tph cells may provide clues to develop novel therapeutic strategies for RA. <h3>REFERENCES:</h3> NIL. <h3>Acknowledgements:</h3> NIL. <h3>Disclosure of Interests</h3> None Declared.
OP0137 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF TELITACICEPT, A NOVEL BLYS/APRIL DUAL INHIBITOR, IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A PHASE 3, RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED 52-WEEK STUDY
Authors: L. Wang, J. Li, D. Xu, J. Fang, R. Van Vollenhoven, F. Zhang
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2023)

<h3>Background</h3> Telitacicept (TACI-Fc fusion protein) is a novel BLyS (B-lymphocyte stimulator)/APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand) dual inhibitor, which has been approved in 2021 in China for the treatment of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)[1]. <h3>Objectives</h3> Assess the efficacy and safety of telitacicept in SLE patients in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. <h3>Methods</h3> In this study, 335 active SLE patients who were receiving stable standard therapy with positive ANA/anti-dsDNA and a SELENA-SLEDAI score ≥8 were randomized 1:1 to receive telitacicept 160 mg (N=167) or placebo (N=168) subcutaneously weekly for 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was the response rate of SLE responder index 4 (SRI4) at Week 52. Key secondary endpoints included: SELENA-SLEDAI, PGA, immunological biomarkers including C3, C4, IgM, IgG, IgA and CD19<sup>+</sup> B cells. Safety was assessed during the study. <h3>Results</h3> Baseline demographics and disease characteristics were comparable between the two groups. The primary endpoint at Week 52 was met, with significantly greater proportion of patients in telitacicept 160 mg group vs placebo group achieving SRI4 response (Table 1). SRI4 response was sustained in telitacicept 160 mg group up to Week 52 (Figure 1A). Significantly greater proportions of subjects in telitacicept 160 mg group had improvement in SELENA-SLEDAI and PGA (Table 1 &amp; Figure 1B, 1C). Rapid and sustained increase of C3 and C4 (Figure 1G, 1H), and reduction of IgM, IgG, IgA and CD19<sup>+</sup> B cells (Figure 1D, 1E, 1F, 1I) were observed following telitacicept treatment. Incidences of TEAEs and infections were comparable between the two groups. Most of TEAEs were mild to moderate in severity. A greater proportion of patients receiving placebo had SAEs and serious infections compared with telitacicept 160 mg. (Table 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This phase 3 trial met the primary endpoint. Telitacicept 160 mg showed good clinical benefits and a favorable safety profile in SLE patients. <h3>Reference</h3> [1]Dhillon S. Telitacicept: First Approval. Drugs. 2021 Sep;81(14):1671-1675. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> The patients and their families who participated in this clinical trial. <h3>Disclosure of Interests</h3> Li Wang: None declared, JING LI: None declared, Dong Xu: None declared, Jianmin Fang Shareholder of: RemeGen Co., Ltd, Employee of: RemeGen Co., Ltd, Ronald van Vollenhoven: None declared, Fengchun Zhang: None declared.
OP0228 COEXISTING TUBULOINTERSTITIAL INFLAMMATION AND DAMAGE IS A RISK FACTOR FOR CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH LUPUS NEPHRITIS: RESULTS FROM THE KORNET REGISTRY
Authors: D. J. Park, S. E. Choi, J. H. Kang, S. S. Lee
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2023)

<h3>Background</h3> An increasing body of evidence suggests a prognostic role of tubulointerstitial lesions in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). Although persistent tubulointerstitial inflammation (TII) usually precedes tubulointerstitial damage (TID) in LN, the two conditions can be simultaneously present to varying degrees. <h3>Objectives</h3> We examined whether coexisting TII/TID predicts progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in LN patients. <h3>Methods</h3> The 175 LN patients enrolled in the study had clinical data obtained at the time of renal biopsy and stored in the KORNET registry. These patients were divided into two groups: those with and without coexisting TII/TID. The two groups were compared with respect to their demographic, clinical, histological, laboratory findings, and long-term prognosis. Uni- and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to identify independent risk factors for CKD in LN patients. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 175 LN patients, 110 (62.9%) had coexisting TII/TID and 65 (37.1%) did not. Patients with coexisting TII/TID were older, had higher ESR and 24 h proteinuria, and lower eGFR and hemoglobin levels than those without coexisting TII/TID. Anti-Ro and ribosomal-P antibodies were detected less frequently in patients with coexisting TII/TID. In a histological analysis, patients with coexisting TII/TID more often had LN of the proliferative type and a larger proportion had a chronicity score &gt; 4. During a mean follow-up of 89.9 months, CKD and ESRD developed more frequently in patients with than without coexisting TII/TID. Finally, the coexisting TII/TID was associated with a higher risk for CKD progression: adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 2.677, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.333, 5.335), p = 0.006 for all LN patients; HR = 3.265, 95% CI (1.451,7. 345) for those with class III, IV and V LN; HR = 3.045, 95% CI (1.289, 7.195) for those with class III, IV, V LN, and eGFR ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>. <h3>Conclusion</h3> LN patients with coexisting TII/TID are at greater risk for deterioration of kidney function at LN onset and for developing CKD over the long-term. <h3>REFERENCES:</h3> NIL. <h3>Acknowledgements:</h3> NIL. <h3>Disclosure of Interests</h3> None Declared.