tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Direct Uptake of Nutrition and Caffeine Study (DUNCS): biscuit based comparative study
Authors: Ceri Jones, John Francis
Journal: BMJ (2022)

To identify the time required to achieve optimal palatability of a cup of tea without risk of harm (oral scalding) using the resources available in a standard hospital staff room, and to identify the best accompanying biscuit for nutritional content, crunchiness, and integrity when dunking.Prospective, non-masked, biscuit based, comparative study.Staff room in the surgery department of a UK hospital.Four different varieties of round, non-chocolate biscuit: oat, digestive, rich tea, and shortie. A standardised cup of tea was determined on the basis of the investigators' preference for colour and palatability and pragmatic tea making methods.The main outcome was time to achieve a safe temperature for consumption of tea, and the best biscuit to pair with the tea on the basis of nutritional content, absorptive ability, crunchiness, and integrity after dunking. Biscuits were ranked first to last (according to scores 1-4), with penalty points given for adverse events such as scalds and breakability.Baseline data suggested that after adding 240 mL of freshly boiled water to an unwarmed mug containing a tea bag, the median temperature of a standard cup of tea was 82ºC (range 81-84ºC). Optimal palatability and agreed universal drinking temperature of 61ºC was achieved at 400 (range 360-420) seconds with 30 mL of cow's milk and 370 (330-450) seconds with 40 mL of milk. The investigators considered tea colour preferable with 40 mL of milk.Healthcare workers can safely consume a cup of tea after less than 10 minutes, especially if enjoyed with a biscuit. Making time for a cup of tea may help healthcare workers avoid their break point.
From Conventional to Microfluidic: Progress in Extracellular Vesicle Separation and Individual Characterization
Authors: Mingrui Chen, Shujing Lin, Cheng Zhou, Daxiang Cui, Hossam Haick, Ning Tang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane vesicles, which contain a wide variety of cargo such as proteins, miRNAs, and lipids. A growing body of evidence suggests that EVs are promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. Although the excellent clinical value, their use in personalized healthcare practice is not yet feasible due to their highly heterogeneous nature. Taking the difficulty of isolation and the small size of EVs into account, the characterization of EVs at a single‐particle level is both imperative and challenging. In a bid to address this critical point, more research has been directed into a microfluidic platform because of its inherent advantages in sensitivity, specificity, and throughput. This review discusses the biogenesis and heterogeneity of EVs and takes a broad view of state‐of‐the‐art advances in microfluidics‐based EV research, including not only EV separation, but also the single EV characterization of biophysical detection and biochemical analysis. To highlight the advantages of microfluidic techniques, conventional technologies are included for comparison. The current status of artificial intelligence (AI) for single EV characterization is then presented. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of microfluidics and its combination with AI applications in single EV characterization are also discussed. In the foreseeable future, recent breakthroughs in microfluidic platforms are expected to pave the way for single EV analysis and improve applications for precision medicine.
Submicron‐Sized In Situ Osmotic Pressure Sensors for In Vitro Applications in Biology
Authors: Wenbo Zhang, Luca Bertinetti, Efe Cuma Yavuzsoy, Changyou Gao, Emanuel Schneck, Peter Fratzl
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Physical forces are important cues in determining the development and the normal function of biological tissues. While forces generated by molecular motors have been widely studied, forces resulting from osmotic gradients have been less considered in this context. A possible reason is the lack of direct in situ measurement methods that can be applied to cell and organ culture systems. Herein, novel kinds of resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based liposomal sensors are developed, so that their sensing range and sensitivity can be adjusted to satisfy physiological osmotic conditions. Several types of sensors are prepared, either based on polyethylene glycol- (PEG)ylated liposomes with steric stabilization and stealth property or on crosslinked liposomes capable of enduring relatively harsh environments for liposomes (e.g., in the presence of biosurfactants). The sensors are demonstrated to be effective in the measurement of osmotic pressures in pre-osteoblastic in vitro cell culture systems by means of FRET microscopy. This development paves the way toward the in situ sensing of osmotic pressures in biological culture systems.
High-Dose Vitamin D for the Management of Toxic Erythema of Chemotherapy in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Cuong V. Nguyen, Lida Zheng, Xiaolong A. Zhou, Madison K. Ernst, Yae Kye, Jennifer N. Choi, Kurt Q. Lu
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

This case series describes the outcome of high-dose vitamin D treatment in 6 inpatients with acute skin injury.
Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) in pediatric high-grade gliomas can occur without ATRX mutation and is enriched in patients with pathogenic germline mismatch repair (MMR) variants
Authors: Jennifer L Stundon, Heba Ijaz, Krutika S Gaonkar, Rebecca S Kaufman, Run Jin, Anastasios Karras, Zalman Vaksman, Jung Kim, Ryan J Corbett, Matthew R Lueder, Daniel P Miller, Yiran Guo, Mariarita Santi, Marilyn Li, Gonzalo Lopez, Phillip B Storm, Adam C Resnick, Angela J Waanders, Suzanne P MacFarland, Douglas R Stewart, Sharon J Diskin, Jo Lynne Rokita, Kristina A Cole
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract Background To achieve replicative immortality, most cancers develop a telomere maintenance mechanism, such as reactivation of telomerase or alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). There are limited data on the prevalence and clinical significance of ALT in pediatric brain tumors, and ALT-directed therapy is not available. Methods We performed C-circle analysis (CCA) on 579 pediatric brain tumors that had corresponding tumor/normal whole genome sequencing through the Open Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas (OpenPBTA). We detected ALT in 6.9% (n = 40/579) of these tumors and completed additional validation by ultrabright telomeric foci in situ on a subset of these tumors. We used CCA to validate TelomereHunter for computational prediction of ALT status and focus subsequent analyses on pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) Finally, we examined whether ALT is associated with recurrent somatic or germline alterations. Results ALT is common in pHGGs (n = 24/63, 38.1%), but occurs infrequently in other pediatric brain tumors (&amp;lt;3%). Somatic ATRX mutations occur in 50% of ALT+ pHGGs and in 30% of ALT− pHGGs. Rare pathogenic germline variants in mismatch repair (MMR) genes are significantly associated with an increased occurrence of ALT. Conclusions We demonstrate that ATRX is mutated in only a subset of ALT+ pHGGs, suggesting other mechanisms of ATRX loss of function or alterations in other genes may be associated with the development of ALT in these patients. We show that germline variants in MMR are associated with the development of ALT in patients with pHGG.
Covid-19: NHS is struggling to treat more patients than before pandemic despite more staff and funding, finds analysis
Authors: Matthew Limb
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Covid-19: NHS is struggling to treat more patients than before pandemic despite more staff and funding, finds analysis Matthew LimbCovid-19 may have dealt a "lasting adverse hit" to NHS performance rather than a short lived one-off shock, leading economists have said.1 Institute for Fiscal Studies.NHS funding, resources and treatment volumes.
Beyond Playing 20 Questions with Nature: Integrative Experiment Design in the Social and Behavioral Sciences
Authors: Abdullah Almaatouq, Thomas L. Griffiths, Jordan W. Suchow, Mark E. Whiting, James Evans, Duncan J. Watts
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract The dominant paradigm of experiments in the social and behavioral sciences views an experiment as a test of a theory, where the theory is assumed to generalize beyond the experiment's specific conditions. According to this view, which Alan Newell once characterized as “playing twenty questions with nature,” theory is advanced one experiment at a time, and the integration of disparate findings is assumed to happen via the scientific publishing process. In this article, we argue that the process of integration is at best inefficient, and at worst it does not, in fact, occur. We further show that the challenge of integration cannot be adequately addressed by recently proposed reforms that focus on the reliability and replicability of individual findings, nor simply by conducting more or larger experiments. Rather, the problem arises from the imprecise nature of social and behavioral theories and, consequently, a lack of commensurability across experiments conducted under different conditions. Therefore, researchers must fundamentally rethink how they design experiments and how the experiments relate to theory. We specifically describe an alternative framework, integrative experiment design, which intrinsically promotes commensurability and continuous integration of knowledge. In this paradigm, researchers explicitly map the design space of possible experiments associated with a given research question, embracing many potentially relevant theories rather than focusing on just one. The researchers then iteratively generate theories and test them with experiments explicitly sampled from the design space, allowing results to be integrated across experiments. Given recent methodological and technological developments, we conclude that this approach is feasible and would generate more-reliable, more-cumulative empirical and theoretical knowledge than the current paradigm—and with far greater efficiency.
Comparison of Postoperative Outcomes of Laparoscopic vs Open Inguinal Hernia Repair
Authors: Jennie Meier, Audrey Stevens, Miles Berger, Konstantinos I. Makris, Athanasios Bramos, Joan Reisch, C. Munro Cullum, Simon C. Lee, Celette Sugg Skinner, Herbert Zeh, Cynthia J. Brown, Courtney J. Balentine
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Advocates of laparoscopic surgery argue that all inguinal hernias, including initial and unilateral ones, should be repaired laparoscopically. Prior work suggests outcomes of open repair are improved by using local rather than general anesthesia, but no prior studies have compared laparoscopic surgery with open repair under local anesthesia.To evaluate postoperative outcomes of open inguinal hernia repair under general or local anesthesia compared with laparoscopic repair.This retrospective cohort study identified 107 073 patients in the Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program database who underwent unilateral initial inguinal hernia repair from 1998 to 2019. Data were analyzed from October 2021 to March 2022.Patients were divided into 3 groups for comparison: (1) open repair with local anesthesia (n = 22 333), (2) open repair with general anesthesia (n = 75 104), and (3) laparoscopic repair with general anesthesia (n = 9636).Operative time and postoperative morbidity were compared using quantile regression and inverse probability propensity weighting. A 2-stage least-squares regression and probabilistic sensitivity analysis was used to quantify and address bias from unmeasured confounding in this observational study.Of 107 073 included patients, 106 529 (99.5%) were men, and the median (IQR) age was 63 (55-71) years. Compared with open repair with general anesthesia, laparoscopic repair was associated with a nonsignificant 0.15% (95% CI, -0.39 to 0.09; P = .22) reduction in postoperative complications. There was no significant difference in complications between laparoscopic surgery and open repair with local anesthesia (-0.05%; 95% CI, -0.34 to 0.28; P = .70). Operative time was similar for the laparoscopic and open general anesthesia groups (4.31 minutes; 95% CI, 0.45-8.57; P = .048), but operative times were significantly longer for laparoscopic compared with open repair under local anesthesia (10.42 minutes; 95% CI, 5.80-15.05; P < .001). Sensitivity analysis and 2-stage least-squares regression demonstrated that these findings were robust to bias from unmeasured confounding.In this study, laparoscopic and open repair with local anesthesia were reasonable options for patients with initial unilateral inguinal hernias, and the decision should be made considering both patient and surgeon factors.
Long-Term Morbidity and Mortality Among Survivors of Neuroblastoma Diagnosed During Infancy: A Report From the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Danielle Novetsky Friedman, Pamela J. Goodman, Wendy M. Leisenring, Lisa R. Diller, Susan L. Cohn, Rebecca M. Howell, Susan A. Smith, Emily S. Tonorezos, Suzanne L. Wolden, Joseph P. Neglia, Kirsten K. Ness, Todd M. Gibson, Paul C. Nathan, Brent R. Weil, Leslie L. Robison, Kevin C. Oeffinger, Gregory T. Armstrong, Charles A. Sklar, Tara O. Henderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

To describe the risk of late mortality, subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs), and chronic health conditions (CHCs) in survivors of neuroblastoma diagnosed in infancy by treatment era and exposures.
When I use a word . . . . Sydenham Societies
Authors: Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Thomas Sydenham (1624–89), best known perhaps for having described the form of chorea that is named after him and is also known as St Vitus’s dance, has also given his name to three societies. The Sydenham Society (1843–57) and the New Sydenham Society (1859–1907) were both founded with the intention of publishing important medical texts, both classical and in modern European languages, in English translations, which they did at a rate of 3–6 per year during their existence. Of the two modern Sydenham Societies, one is devoted to promoting rigorous methods of patient oriented research, consistent with Sydenham’s own philosophy of medical practice. The other serves the community of Sydenham, a district in southeast London, whose name derives from Old English words meaning a wide water meadow; Thomas Sydenham’s forebears came from Sydenham in Somerset.
Anesthesiologist Staffing Ratio and Surgical Outcome
Authors: María C. Niño, Fernando Raffán, Guillermo A. Madrid
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Taking the biscuit: defining excessive quantities of free refreshments in a healthcare library
Authors: Andrew Tabner, Stuart G Spicer, Kerryn Husk, Holly Blake, Caroline White, Suzanne Toft, Graham Johnson
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Evidence suggests that complementary hot drinks and biscuits benefit an overworked and highly stressed healthcare workforce. But when signage in healthcare libraries asks patrons not to consume “excessive” quantities of free hot drinks and biscuits, how much is too much? Tabner and colleagues explore this resource allocation conundrum
Author Correction: Mapping the temporal and spatial dynamics of the human endometrium in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Luz Garcia-Alonso, Louis-François Handfield, Kenny Roberts, Konstantina Nikolakopoulou, Ridma C. Fernando, Lucy Gardner, Benjamin Woodhams, Anna Arutyunyan, Krzysztof Polanski, Regina Hoo, Carmen Sancho-Serra, Tong Li, Kwasi Kwakwa, Elizabeth Tuck, Valentina Lorenzi, Hassan Massalha, Martin Prete, Vitalii Kleshchevnikov, Aleksandra Tarkowska, Tarryn Porter, Cecilia Icoresi Mazzeo, Stijn van Dongen, Monika Dabrowska, Vasyl Vaskivskyi, Krishnaa T. Mahbubani, Jong-eun Park, Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Lia Campos, Vladimir Yu. Kiselev, Cecilia Lindskog, Paul Ayuk, Elena Prigmore, Michael R. Stratton, Kourosh Saeb-Parsy, Ashley Moffett, Luiza Moore, Omer A. Bayraktar, Sarah A. Teichmann, Margherita Y. Turco, Roser Vento-Tormo
Journal: Nature Genetics (2022)
Race and Ethnicity Reporting and Representation in Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinical Trials and Publications From 2007-2020
Authors: Jecca R. Steinberg, Brandon E. Turner, Julia D. DiTosto, Brannon T. Weeks, Anna Marie P. Young, Connie F. Lu, Tierney Wolgemuth, Kai Holder, Nora Laasiri, Natalie Squires, Naixin Zhang, Michael Taylor Richardson, Christopher J. Magnani, Jill N. Anderson, Dario R. Roque, Lynn M. Yee
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Clinical trials guide evidence-based obstetrics and gynecology (OB-GYN) but often enroll nonrepresentative participants.To characterize race and ethnicity reporting and representation in US OB-GYN clinical trials and their subsequent publications and to analyze the association of subspecialty and funding with diverse representation.Cross-sectional analysis of all OB-GYN studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (2007-2020) and publications from PubMed and Google Scholar (2007-2021). Analyses included logistic regression controlling for year, subspecialty, phase, funding, and site number. Data from 332 417 studies were downloaded. Studies with a noninterventional design, with a registration date before October 1, 2007, without relevance to OB-GYN, with no reported results, and with no US-based study site were excluded.OB-GYN subspecialty and funder.Reporting of race and ethnicity data and racial and ethnic representation (the proportion of enrollees of American Indian or Alaskan Native, Asian, Black, Latinx, or White identity and odds of representation above US Census estimates by race and ethnicity).Among trials with ClinicalTrials.gov results (1287 trials with 591 196 participants) and publications (1147 trials with 821 111 participants), 662 (50.9%) and 856 (74.6%) reported race and ethnicity data, respectively. Among publications, gynecology studies were significantly less likely to report race and ethnicity than obstetrics (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.54; 95% CI, 0.38-0.75). Reproductive endocrinology and infertility trials had the lowest odds of reporting race and ethnicity (aOR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.07-0.27; reference category, obstetrics). Obstetrics and family planning demonstrated the most diverse clinical trial cohorts. Compared with obstetric trials, gynecologic oncology had the lowest odds of Black representation (ClinicalTrials.gov: aOR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.02-0.09; publications: aOR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.03-0.11) and Latinx representation (ClinicalTrials.gov: aOR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.02-0.14; publications: aOR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.10-0.48), followed by urogynecology and reproductive endocrinology and infertility. Urogynecology (ClinicalTrials.gov: aOR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.05-0.39; publications: aOR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.09-0.58) had the lowest odds of Asian representation.Race and ethnicity reporting and representation in OB-GYN trials are suboptimal. Obstetrics and family planning trials demonstrate improved representation is achievable. Nonetheless, all subspecialties should strive for more equitably representative research.
Vaximap: route optimisation for housebound vaccination
Authors: Thomas F. Kirk, Adam J. Barker, Armen Bodossian, Robert Staruch
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2022)

Abstract During the United Kingdom’s Covid-19 vaccination campaign, general practitioners (GPs) have held responsibility for vaccinating housebound patients. This presented them with a large, complex and unfamiliar logistical challenge, namely determining the most time-efficient route to visit multiple patients at their home address. In response to a lack of existing solutions tailored specifically to vaccination, and in light of overwhelming demand, Vaximap ( https://www.vaximap.org ) was created in January 2021 to automate the process of route planning. It is free of charge for all users and has been used to-date to plan vaccinations for over 470,000 patients. This article analyses usage data to estimate the time savings (3 work years) and financial savings (£110,000) the service has yielded for GP surgeries, thus demonstrating that it helped to accelerate the UK’s Covid-19 vaccination campaign at critical moments.
A Tribute to Samuel Moschella
Authors: Adam D. Lipworth, Victoria Garcia-Albea, William D. James
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal