tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2015–2019
Authors: Quinn T Ostrom, Mackenzie Price, Corey Neff, Gino Cioffi, Kristin A Waite, Carol Kruchko, Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Cancer Institute, is the largest population-based registry focused exclusively on primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the United States (US) and represents the entire US population. This report contains the most up-to-date population-based data on primary brain tumors available and supersedes all previous reports in terms of completeness and accuracy. All rates are age-adjusted using the 2000 US standard population and presented per 100,000 population. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate (AAAIR) of all malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors was 24.71 per 100,000 population (malignant AAAIR=7.02 and non-malignant AAAIR=17.69). This overall rate was higher in females compared to males (27.62 versus 21.60 per 100,000) and non-Hispanic persons compared to Hispanic persons (25.09 versus 22.95 per 100,000). The most commonly occurring malignant brain and other CNS histopathology was glioblastoma (14.2% of all tumors and 50.1% of all malignant tumors), and the most common non-malignant histopathology was meningioma (39.7% of all tumors and 55.4% of all non-malignant tumors). Glioblastoma was more common in males, and meningiomas were more common in females. In children and adolescents (ages 0-19 years), the incidence rate of all primary brain and other CNS tumors was 6.20 per 100,000 population. An estimated 93,470 new cases of malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors are expected to be diagnosed in the US population in 2022 (26,670 malignant and 66,806 non-malignant). There were 84,264 deaths attributed to malignant brain and other CNS tumors between 2015 and 2019. This represents an average annual mortality rate of 4.41 per 100,000 population and an average of 16,853 deaths per year. The five-year relative survival rate following diagnosis of a malignant brain and other CNS tumor was 35.7%, while for non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors the five-year relative survival rate was 91.8%.
Partha Kar: Our international graduates need far better support
Authors: Partha Kar
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Background/Aim: Progress in cancer treatment and diagnosis has made second cancer after medical radiation exposure a particular concern among childhood cancer survivors. Calorie restriction (CR) is a broadly effective cancer prevention strategy, although its effects on radiation-induced intestinal tumours are unclear. Here we examined the cancer-preventative efficacy of a CR diet at different starting ages on radiation induction of intestinal tumours in mice. Materials and Methods: Male C3B6F1 Apc<sup>Min/+</sup> mice were irradiated with 0 or 2 Gy of X-rays at 2 weeks of age. After an interval of 2, 8 or 18 weeks, mice were fed with a non-CR (95 kcal/week/mouse) or CR (65 kcal/week/mouse) diet. Intestinal tumours were evaluated for number, size distribution and malignancy. Results: CR suppressed the size and progression of both spontaneous and radiation-induced intestinal tumours depending on age at starting of CR. CR diets were effective even administered to adult mice. Conclusion: CR was effective for suppression of tumour progression, which was accelerated by radiation exposure. Use of CR might be a useful cancer-prevention strategy for radiation-induced tumours of the intestinal tract.
Circular RNA circPVT1 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis via the β-TrCP/c-Myc/SRSF1 positive feedback loop
Authors: Yongzhen Mo, Yumin Wang, Yian Wang, Xiangying Deng, Qijia Yan, Chunmei Fan, Shuai Zhang, Shanshan Zhang, Zhaojian Gong, Lei Shi, Qianjin Liao, Can Guo, Yong Li, Guiyuan Li, Zhaoyang Zeng, Weihong Jiang, Wei Xiong, Bo Xiang
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2022)

Abstract Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) act as gene expression regulators and are involved in cancer progression. However, their functions have not been sufficiently investigated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods The expression profiles of circRNAs in NPC cells within different metastatic potential were reanalyzed. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and in situ hybridization were used to detect the expression level of circPVT1 in NPC cells and tissue samples. The association of expression level of circPVT1 with clinical properties of NPC patients was evaluated. Then, the effects of circPVT1 expression on NPC metastasis were investigated by in vitro and in vivo functional experiments. RNA immunoprecipitation, pull-down assay and western blotting were performed to confirm the interaction between circPVT1 and β-TrCP in NPC cells. Co-immunoprecipitation and western blotting were performed to confirm the interaction between β-TrCP and c-Myc in NPC cells. Results We find that circPVT1 , a circular RNA, is significantly upregulated in NPC cells and tissue specimens. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that circPVT1 promotes the invasion and metastasis of NPC cells. Mechanistically, circPVT1 inhibits proteasomal degradation of c-Myc by binding to β-TrCP, an E3 ubiquiting ligase. Stablization of c-Myc by circPVT1 alters the cytoskeleton remodeling and cell adhesion in NPC, which ultimately promotes the invasion and metastasis of NPC cells. Furthermore, c-Myc transcriptionally upregulates the expression of SRSF1, an RNA splicing factor, and recruits SRSF1 to enhance the biosynthesis of circPVT1 through coupling transcription with splicing, which forms a positive feedback for circPVT1 production. Conclusions Our results revealed the important role of circPVT1 in the progression of NPC through the β-TrCP/c-Myc/SRSF1 positive feedback loop, and circPVT1 may serve as a prognostic biomarker or therapeutic target in patients with NPC.
Subsequent anti‐myeloma therapy after maturation antigen (<scp>BCMA</scp>) chimeric antigen receptor (<scp>CAR</scp>)‐T cell (<scp>HDS269B</scp>) treatment in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Dongjian Chen, Xiaoxiang Wang, Zhi Chen, Songfu Jiang, Hua Jiang, Weijun Fu, Fang Xiang, Xuedong Sun, Juan Du
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2022)
David Oliver: The government’s “levelling up” agenda has gone into reverse gear
Authors: David Oliver
Journal: BMJ (2022)

the Guardian reported that England's new health and social care secretary, Thérèse Coffey, was to scrap the long promised government white paper on reducing health inequalities. 1This U turn came only days after the World Health Organization had published a key report on preventing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) 2 : it estimated that 74% of the world's deaths each year were caused by NCDs, with 86% of those deaths counted as "premature" (in people under 70).Several heads of state had already signed up to an NCD compact to save 50 million lives by 2030.
Potential Impact of Criteria Modifications on Race and Sex Disparities in Eligibility for Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Matthew P. Smeltzer, Wei Liao, Nicholas R. Faris, Carrie Fehnel, Jordan Goss, Catherine J. Shepherd, Rodolfo Ramos, Talat Qureshi, Ayesha Mukhopadhyay, Meredith A. Ray, Raymond Uyiosa Osarogiagbon
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2022)
Human cancer cells generate spontaneous calcium transients and intercellular waves that modulate tumor growth
Authors: Chenyu Liang, Qian Zhang, Xin Chen, Jiawei Liu, Mai Tanaka, Shu Wang, Sharon E. Lepler, Zeyuan Jin, Dietmar W. Siemann, Bo Zeng, Xin Tang
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)

Electrically excitable cells such as neurons transmit long-distance calcium or electrical signals to regulate their physiological functions. While the molecular underpinnings and down-stream effects of these intercellular communications in excitable cells have been well appreciated, little is known about whether and how non-excitable cancer cells spontaneously initiate and transmit long-distance intercellular signals. Here we report that non-excitable human colon and prostate cancer cells spontaneously initiate and spread intercellular calcium waves, in vitro and ex vivo. Xenograft model studies suggest that these calcium signals promote the growth rate of tumors in mice. Pharmacological studies elucidated that the inositol-trisphosphate-receptor (IP3R)-regulated calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is activated by the Gq-PLC-IP3R pathway, is a major cause for the initiation of spontaneous calcium transients. Further, the spatial-temporal characteristics of calcium dynamics can be tuned by the culture substrates of different mechanical stiffnesses. Our results provide evidence that calcium dynamics enables long-distance functional communication in non-excitable cancer cells and offer the potential to modulate calcium signaling for new cancer therapies.
Limited activity of luspatercept in myelofibrosis and myeloid neoplasms other than myelodysplastic syndromes with ring sideroblasts
Authors: Naseema Gangat, Deandra Chetram, Kristen McCullough, Aref Al‐Kali, Kebede Begna, William Hogan, Mark Litzow, James Foran, Talha Badar, Jeanne Palmer, Mrinal Patnaik, Animesh Pardanani, Ayalew Tefferi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2022)
Pathologic Fracture of the Proximal Femur
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Dr. Richard G. McCollum: An 18-year-old girl was admitted to a neighboring teaching hospital with a one-year history of pain in the lower left side of her back, left hip, and left thigh. She reported that this had been steadily progressive over the past 12 months. Two months prior to the current admission, her case had been evaluated in another hospital with a series of roentgenograms including a lumbar myelogram, all of which were normal. Results of physical examination on admission were normal except for the left leg. There was mild induration and increased warmth of the outer aspect of the left thigh just below the hip joint. The proximal left thigh measured 2 cm larger in diameter than the right and was slightly tender to palpation. Laboratory data were normal except for the following: hemoglobin value, 9.3 gm/100 cc; corrected sedimentation rate, 32 mm/hr. Roentgenograms were normal except for
Names for Aneurysms
Authors: James S. T. Yao
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Several statements regarding aortic aneurysm in the review by H. A. Koolpe<sup>1</sup>of<i>Angiography of Vascular Disease</i>require further examination. Dr Koolpe claims that in the past seven years, "dissecting hematoma" has largely replaced the "obsolete" expression "dissecting aneurysm." While it is true that not all dissections are aneurysms, an aneurysm could result from dissection because of weakening of the arterial wall. In fact, aneurysm rupture is responsible for many late fatalities.<sup>2</sup>The term "dissecting aneurysm," therefore, denotes the possibility of aneurysm formation in aortic dissection and is used interchangeably with "aortic dissection." If "dissecting hematoma" is used, it will underscore the significance of intrinsic aortic disease such as media degeneration in Marfan's syndrome. The term "dissecting aneurysm" continues to be used in the writings of many prominent surgeons and physicians, including M. E. DeBakey,<sup>3</sup>M. W. Wheat,<sup>4</sup>and E. S. Crawford<sup>2</sup>
More on Prenatal Magnesium Sulfate and Risk of Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Karin B. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their Letter, Dr Allred and colleagues<sup>1</sup>raise important methodologic considerations about the association between maternal treatment with magnesium sulfate and reduced risk of cerebral palsy (CP) in very low-birthweight children reported by Schendel et al<sup>2</sup>and previously by us<sup>3</sup>for a cohort of children in northern California. Perhaps in Boston, Mass, magnesium first was used for tocolysis only after 1988, but that does not appear to be true in our study of the California cohort of children born in 1983 through 1985. Medical records for these births clearly indicate that magnesium was used for tocolysis in preterm labor in 57% of those who received magnesium. We classified women in our study according to whether a clinical diagnosis of preeclampsia was reported in their medical records. In addition, we searched all medical records of patients who were admitted for delivery for evidence of blood
Accuracy of the X-ray Report
Authors: Clyde A. Stevenson
Journal: JAMA (1969)

In the early days of diagnostic roentgenology, pioneers often were disheartened when they realized that their diagnoses were more often wrong than right. The time between World Wars I and II saw the specialty develop from a crude science to an indispensable part of medical diagnosis. This period was characterized by fundamental studies establishing the roentgen criteria for diagnosis of many disease processes. As roentgenologic reports became more accurate and reliable, physicians relied increasingly on this diagnostic method and the volume of examinations grew at an astounding rate. In spite of this rapid advance and acceptance, serious students of the specialty began to question the specificity of certain roentgen findings and, in the 1930's and 1940's, became aware that instead of 3 or 4, as many as 100 or more different etiologic agents could produce somewhat similar roentgen findings in the lung fields. During this same period, variations and inconsistencies
Rapid Classification of Positive Blood Cultures
Authors: David W. Bates
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To develop and validate a model predicting whether a positive blood culture represents a true positive or a contaminant in hospitalized patients, using only information available when the initial culture result becomes available. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective cohort study with derivation and validation sets. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Urban tertiary care hospital. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Clinical data were collected within 24 hours of the initial culture from a random sample of inpatients who had blood cultures performed, and data from the episodes in which growth was reported were included. There were 219 episodes in the derivation set and 129 episodes in the validation set. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —True bacteremia. Reviewers blinded to potential clinical predictors and initial laboratory results classified 115 (53%) of the episodes in the derivation set and 57(44%) of the episodes in the validation set as true positives. <h3>Results.</h3> —Independent multivariate predictors of bacteremia were organism type, days until the blood culture became positive, multiple positive cultures, and clinical risk score. These factors were used to develop a model stratifying patients into four risk groups. In the derivation set's lowest-risk group, 92% (65/71) of positives represented contaminants, and in the highest-risk group, 97% (86/89) of positives represented true positives. In the validation set, the misclassification rates were 14% (8/59) in the low-risk group, and 11% (5/44) in the high-risk group. These two groups together comprised 76% of all episodes. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —This model can help clinicians quantify the likelihood that a given positive blood culture represents a true positive when the laboratory first calls, which may be helpful in subsequent decision making. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:1962-1966)
Prognostic Significance of Arteriography in Nonhemorrhagic Strokes
Authors: Henry A. Shenkin
Journal: JAMA (1965)

One hundred and eighty-one patients with nonhemorrhagic strokes were classified clinically and arteriographically. Of 28 patients with completed strokes and no arteriographic abnormalities, 22 recovered within four weeks of the attack, but only 15 were in good condition two years later. Only 19 of the 41 patients with completed strokes and arteriograms showing generalized arteriosclerosis recovered within four weeks, and only 11 of 38 were well after two years. Patients with completed strokes and focal cervical arteriosclerosis had an immediate higher death rate, but otherwise their course was similar to the group of completed-stroke patients with generalized cerebrovascular disease. Patients with transient cerebral ischemic attacks (TIA) did even better. They did have a greater percentage of normal arteriograms, but even TIA patients with abnormal arteriograms did better than analogous groups with completed strokes.
Pneumonia and Pneumococcus Infections.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pulmonary Contusion
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Pulmonary contusion is a life-threatening condition, mainly because the onset of symptoms is insidious. Also, since the force required to produce lung contusion must be great, the lesion is likely to occur principally in cases of highspeed accidents, falls from great heights, and injuries by high-velocity bullets. Patients suffering such accidents often have so many other obvious injuries that a chest lesion may escape consideration. When the symptoms of pulmonary contusion become obvious, the patient has dyspnea, tachypnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypotension. At that time, a previously overlooked chest bruise may be noticed, and palpation may disclose fractures of the ribs or sternum. Moist rales or absent breath sounds may be present at the site of the injury. Arterial blood gas analysis usually shows hypoxemia, often out of proportion to the extent of opacities in the chest roentgenogram, which may show patchy, irregular, ill-defined densities or homogeneous consolidations or both.
CHICAGO MEDICAL SOCIETY.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Practical Dietetics with Reference to Diet in Health and Disease.
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Transplantable Myelomonocytic Leukemia in BALB/c Mice: Cytology, Karyotype, and Muramidase Content&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Noel L. Warner, Malcolm A. S. Moore, Donald Metcalf
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Myelomonocytic leukemia was detected in a BALB/c mouse which had undergone mineral oil (paraffin) injections intended to induce plasma cell tumor development. The tumor was composed of a mixed population of monocytic and granulocytic cells. On transplantation of the tumor, four distinct sublines developed, two of which retained the original chloroma appearance and were distinguishable by karyotype (one diploid and one tetraploid). The other two nonchloroma sublines were also distinguishable karyologically, because one had a hypodiploid 39 stemline. Chromosome marker studies in vivo and DNA-content studies of cells from mice carrying the tetraploid subline confirmed that in this leukemia both the monocytic and granulocytic cells are neoplastic, indicating the existence of a neoplastic stem cell capable of differentiation into both cell series. Serum and urine samples from mice carrying this tumor contained high levels (frequently over 200 μg/ml) of muramidase, and cell suspensions of the solid tumor also contained this enzyme. This tumor therefore fulfills all the criteria applied to human myelomonocytic leukemia and is a useful laboratory model for this type of leukemia.
Gout and the Spider
Authors: Gerald P. Rodnan
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I do not see how your readers can appreciate the cover picture, entitled "La Goutte et l'Araignée" (<b>211,</b>Jan 12, 1970) if they are unaware that this is an illustration of a fable by Jean de la Fontaine (1621-1695). The tale of the gout and the spider has been traced to the ninth century and has been employed by numerous authors, including Petrarch (1338) and Hans Sachs, the Meistersinger (1550, 1557). The fable explains how gout came to be a disease of the wealthy. As recounted by La Fontaine in 1668, when given a choice of earthly resting places, the spider first selected a palace, and the gout, seeking to avoid contact with physicians, chose a humble cottage. There the gout Was at ease on a poor man's toe through which she could roam, Saying, `Disease has found an ideal home, Since it is not likely to