tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Studies of Radiation Workers: Preliminary Communication
Authors: G B Schofield
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1982)

British Nuclear Fuels Limited has embarked on a study of the mortality data among those of its workforce who were employed prior to 1 January 1976. The study covers a total population of about 41 000 current and ex-employees, but is initially concerned with a radiation worker cohort of 7500 at the Sellafield establishment where the highest radiation doses are received. Tracing of the health status of ex-employees has been undertaken using the services provided by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) and the Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS) and it is expected that ultimately the level of trace will be better than 97%. Mortality data not specifically related to radiation workers are included and relate to male deaths among serving staff and pensioners during the years 1962-1978. Those observed deaths (O) are compared on an age standardized basis with those expected (E) from the general population, the ratio O/E being about 1 for all cancers and less than 1 for non-cancer deaths. This pattern is consistent with the well known 'healthy worker' effect seen in industry.
Tricyclic Antidepressants And Brain Dysfunction
Authors: Alan R. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To The Editor.—</h3> In their discussion of drug therapy for the hyperactive adult (224:920, 1973), your consultants failed to mention recent positive studies on the efficacy of tricyclic antidepressant medication in young people with minimal brain dysfunction (MBD).<sup>1-4</sup>Tricyclic antidepressants block uptake of norepinephrine, with little effect on its release; whereas amphetamine blocks uptake and also releases norepinephrine.<sup>5</sup>A tricyclic antidepressant, if effective in an adult, would be the drug of choice due to less potential for abuse. Minimal brain dysfunction can persist beyond childhood, as documented by your consultants, and is found in psychologically maladjusted adolescents.<sup>6</sup>Wender calculates 6% of children with MBD develop severe psychiatric disorders.<sup>7</sup>Fourteen of sixteen randomly selected adolescent patients, recently referred to a private psychiatric hospital, satisfied accepted criteria for MBD and demonstrated higher cortical dysfunction.<sup>8</sup>Drug abuse or group delinquent behavior or both was the chief complaint in the
Review of Legal Education in the United States and Canada for the Year 1930.
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Воспаление при хронических заболеваниях печени и возможные подходы к лечению
Authors: V.V. Chernyavsky, V.V. Chernyavsky, A.K. Sizenko, L.S. Gvozdetskaya
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2014)

Воспалительные реакции являются центральной составляющей процесса восстановления печени после повреждений различной этиологии. В реализации данных реакций принимает участие большое количество провоспалительных цитокинов: интерфероны, интерлейкины, факторы некроза опухоли, трансформирующие факторы роста, колониестимулирующие факторы и хемокины. Таким образом, изучение различных способов воздействия на конкретные медиаторы воспаления и воспалительный процесс в целом на сегодняшний день является перспективным направлением в разработке стратегий ведения пациентов с воспалительными заболеваниями печени. Актуальным остается и вопрос о целесообразности применения у данной категории пациентов различного рода средств патогенетической терапии, традиционно называемых гепатопротекторами. Данная статья посвящена детальному рассмотрению механизмов хронического воспалительного процесса при гепатитах различной этиологии, некоторых аспектов диагностики приведенных заболеваний и изучению эффективности патогенетической противовоспалительной терапии с определением ее места в лечении указанной патологии.
We Care About Our Neighbors
Authors: Zenonas Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Ten years ago we began publishing theInternational Commentssection of<i>JAMA</i>in order to strengthen communications among members of the medical profession in this country and abroad. Another step is now being taken to improve our reporting of international events, problems, and achievements. We have secured agreements with prominent physicians in more than 40 countries to become our contributors. They will inform us periodically about scientific developments in research and about events affecting the practice of medicine in their homelands. These items will be the authentic word of recognized authorities with the overtones and interpretation that only a person living close to the reported events can relay. The topics and the reporting physicians will change from week to week. In this manner, our readers will gain a broader understanding of developments outside the United States and how they tie in with developments at home. We expect the new format
Human Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines. III. Co-cultivation Technique for Establishment of New Lines&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: C. M. Steel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Twenty-five new human lymphoblastoid cell lines were grown by a cocultivation method in which lethally irradiated cells from an established line were mixed in vitro with fresh peripheral blood leukocytes. Only material from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive lines had the property of inducing long-term growth in fresh leukocytes. The property persisted for up to 7 days (in one case 9 days) after irradiation. The likelihood of initiating a new cell line was not affected by the number of irradiated cells/5 ml mixed culture (within the range 0.5 × 106 to 5 × 106) but was significantly improved when the number of fresh leukocytes exceeded 3 × 106. Placental blood leukocytes gave rise to new cell lines more readily than those from children or adults. Electron microscopy revealed EBV in only 8 of 23 lines examined. It is suggested that occult infection was present in the others. All but 1 new line had a diploid karyotype, and no evidence was found for a specific effect of EBV infection on the chromosomes of human lymphoblastoid cells.
Trends in Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the United States, 1969–76
Authors: Earl S. Pollack, John W. Horm
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Trends in cancer incidence and mortality in the United States were analyzed over the period 1969 through 1976. The greatest increase in incidence among whites occurred for lung cancer among females (almost 9%/yr), whereas the incidence of cancer of the uterine corpus increased 6% per year. Cancer of the cervix showed the greatest decrease in incidence, an average of 6% per year. Stomach cancer incidence and mortality showed a substantial decline for each sex, and rectal cancer incidence increased for each sex whereas mortality declined. The incidence of cancer of the female breast increased 1.8% per year without inclusion of the rates for 1974 and 1975, when an unusually large increase occurred. Cancer mortality data were presented for the total United States on the basis of data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Emphasis was focused on the comparability of cancer incidence data over the time period studied, given the fact that cancer incidence was measured by the Third National Cancer Survey for the period 1969–71 and by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program for the period 1973–76. Each survey covered approximately 10% of the U.S. population but had four geographic areas in common. Investigation of the comparability of these two surveys revealed that the incidence rates for whites were sufficiently comparable to permit an analysis of trends in cancer incidence over the entire period 1969–1976. Such comparability was not found for blacks. Therefore, cancer incidence data are presented only for whites, but cancer mortality data are presented for both whites and blacks.
Complement Sensitivity of Somatic Hybrids of a Complement-Resistant Murine Leukemia Cell Line&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Liang, Weitze, Cohen, Edward P.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Journal Article Complement Sensitivity of Somatic Hybrids of a Complement-Resistant Murine Leukemia Cell Line Get access Weitze Liang, Weitze Liang Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edward P. Cohen Edward P. Cohen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 55, Issue 2, August 1975, Pages 309–317, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/55.2.309 Published: 01 August 1975 Article history Received: 25 February 1975 Accepted: 11 April 1975 Published: 01 August 1975
Growth and Glucose Metabolism of High and Low Tumor-Producing Clones Under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt;
Authors: Katherine K. Sanford, Benton B. Westfall
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Three murine clones, derived in vitro from the same cell, differed in their capacity to grow as sarcomas in syngeneic hosts. Cells of the three clones also differed in rates of anaerobic glycolysis, as measured manometrically, and in activities of certain enzymes metabolizing glucose. In the present study, we examined their glucose uptake and lactic acid production during growth in vitro under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. There appeared to be no significant differences between the three clones in glucose uptake during aerobic growth in vitro. Glucose uptake and lactic acid accumulation in static culture (72 hr) showed an inverse relationship between inoculum size and glycolytic rate during lag and early log phases of growth followed by a decline to a relatively steady rate in all three clones. Under anaerobic conditions (72 hr) cell proliferation was inhibited and glycolytic rates were significantly increased, with, however, only 50% of the glucose taken up appearing, i.e., remaining as lactic acid. These results of measurements in static culture (72 hr) are compared with the previous short-term (1–3 hr) manometric measurements.
Mechanisms of Chemical Carcinogenesis
Authors: Gary Witman, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Journal Article Mechanisms of Chemical Carcinogenesis Get access Gary Witman, M.D. Gary Witman, M.D. Division of Cancer Treatment National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Public Health Service U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20205 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 67, Issue 3, September 1981, Page 739, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/67.3.739 Published: 01 September 1981
American Indian—Alaska Native Youth Health
Authors: Robert W. Blum
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess risk behaviors, health problems, worries and concerns, and resiliency-promoting factors among American Indian—Alaska Native adolescents. <h3>Design.</h3> —Survey. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Nonurban schools from eight Indian Health Service areas. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 13454 seventh- through 12th-grade American Indian— Alaska Native youths. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —A revised version of the Adolescent Health Survey, a comprehensive, anonymous, self-report questionnaire with 162 items addressing 10 dimensions of health. <h3>Results.</h3> —Poor physical health was reported by 2% of the study sample and was significantly correlated with social risk factors of physical and/or sexual abuse, suicide attempts, substance abuse, poor school performance, and nutritional inadequacies. Injury risk behaviors included never wearing seatbelts (44%), drinking and driving (37.9% of driving 10th through 12th graders), and riding with a driver who had been drinking (21.8%). Physical and sexual abuse prevalence was 10% and 13%, respectively, with 23.9% of females reporting physical abuse and 21.6% of females reporting sexual abuse by the 12th grade. Almost 6% of the entire sample endorsed signs of severe emotional distress. Eleven percent of the teens surveyed knew someone who had killed himself or herself, and 17% had attempted suicide themselves. Sixty-five percent of males and 56.8% of females reported having had intercourse by the 12th grade. Weekly or more frequent alcohol use rose from 8.2% of seventh graders to 14.1% by the 12th grade; for males, the survey noted an increase in regular alcohol use of 3% to 5% a year to 27.3% by the 12th grade. For each variable measured, rates are much higher for American Indian adolescents than those for rural white Minnesota youth, except for age at first intercourse and alcohol use. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —American Indian—Alaska Native adolescents reported high rates of health-compromising behaviors and risk factors related to unintentional injury, substance use, poor self-assessed health status, emotional distress, and suicide. Interventions must be culturally sensitive, acknowledge the heterogeneity of Indian populations, be grounded in cultural traditions that promote health, and be developed with full participation of the involved communities. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:1637-1644)
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Components of the tumor microenvironment, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), play a number of critical roles during tumorigenesis.In the present study, Luga and colleagues address the role of CAFs in promoting breast cancer metastasis and uncover a pathway in which exosomes derived from fibroblasts mobilize autocrine Wnt-planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling in tumor cells to promote tumor cell motility and metastasis.The authors make the observation that conditioned media from mouse fibroblast cells, termed active-conditioned media (ACM), stimulate the protrusive activity and motility of breast cancer cell lines in 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional Matrigel cultures.Moreover, coinjection of fibroblasts with breast cancer cells into the mouse mammary fat pad generated more metastatic lung lesions than tumor cells alone.Because core components of the PCP signaling pathway are important in breast cancer cell protrusive activity and motility, the authors used gene knockdown to show that ACM-induced motility is dependent on PCP components, including Smurf1, Smurf2, Dvl1, Fzd6, Vangl1, and Pk1 (Pklr) in vitro and Prk1 (Pkn1) in vivo.Importantly, they show that ACM-stimulation results in asymmetric distribution of the core PCP components with respect to cellular protrusions in breast cancer cells.During development, Wnt ligands are known to regulate PCP signaling.Surprisingly, Wnt secretion in breast cancer cells but not in fibroblasts was required for the ACM phenotype, as shown by gene knockdown of Porcupine (Porcn), an acetyltransferase essential for Wnt secretion.Thus, the ACM phenotype was dependent on autocrine Wnt signaling.Using a combination of techniques, including size exclusion chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, electron microscopy, differential centrifugation, and gene knockdown, the authors show that exosomes secreted by fibroblasts and the tetraspanin CD81 are essential for the ACM-mediated phenotype.Exosomes are membrane-bound vesicles important in intercellular communication but not previously implicated in CAF-breast cancer cell communication.By fluorescently tagging CD81in fibroblasts, the authors show that fibroblast-derived CD81 colocalizes with breast cancer cell-derived Wnt11 within the endocytic pathway in breast cancer cells.To demonstrate the potential relevance of these observations to human breast cancer, the authors isolated exosomes from human CAFs and showed that these exosomes also can stimulate breast cancer cell protrusions and asymmetric accumulation of PCP components.Based on these data, the authors suggest a model whereby autocrine Wnt-PCP signaling is mobilized by fibroblast-derived exosomes to help drive tumor metastasis.
Manic Syndrome Associated With Zidovudine Treatment
Authors: Sarz Maxwell
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Zidovudine (also known as azidothymidine or AZT) has been associated with numerous adverse reactions<sup>1</sup>; however, there have been no reports, to our knowledge, of psychiatric syndromes associated with administration of zidovudine. We wish to report two cases of a mania syndrome associated with zidovudine therapy. <h3>Report of Cases.—Case 1.</h3> —A 43-year-old bisexual man was diagnosed as having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) nine months before admission to the hospital because of<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia. He was first given zidovudine on the 24th day of hospitalization. Three days later he became acutely agitated. His speech was loud, rapid, and pressured, with flight of ideas. His affect was labile, with euphoria and hostility. He had grandiose and paranoid delusions with auditory hallucinations and gross impairment in cognition and judgment. He had a history of treatment for depression and alcoholism but no history of mania. He was involuntarily admitted
Credentialing in an Era of Change
Authors: Warren S. Grundfest
Journal: JAMA (1993)

The article by See et al<sup>1</sup>in this issue provides documentation of the value of postresidency training, skilled associates, and the development of a surgical team in the introduction of new techniques for minimally invasive surgery. It also calls attention to the wide variation in granting of privileges, which should set the standards for clinical training required for the performance of these new techniques. Although surgeons have always understood the value of learning from those more skilled in the art, well-researched documentation of the value of this approach with respect to its efficacy in postresidency training has been lacking. The recent introduction of laparoscopic surgery has forced a massive educational effort within general surgery, urology, gynecology, and thoracic surgery. However, the privileging criteria for each of these disciplines have lagged behind the adoption of new surgical techniques and procedures. See also p 2689. There is significant variation in the
Anæsthetics. Their Uses and Administration.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Managed Care and Medical Education
Authors: David Blumenthal
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Change is no stranger to academic medicine. A century ago, medical education recreated itself as a scientifically based discipline.<sup>1</sup>Unfortunately, this fundamentally sound approach to the training of physicians was never adequately extended to teach disease prevention and health promotion, nor did it train physicians adequately to deal with the consequences of success in managing acute illness: an expanding aged population, the increasing burden of chronic illness, and explosive growth in health care costs. The last of these has been enormously accelerated by an insurance system that rewards treatment over prevention and a health care system that is constructed around the hospital and technologically sophisticated care. See also pp 667 and 672. Managed care is society's current response to existing trends and oversights in the US health care system. The rapid expansion of managed care arrangements in the United States has been widely chronicled.<sup>2</sup>In 1995, 54 million
Italian Society of Nephrology
Authors: A Aroldi, G Gra- Ziani, G Colussi, M Surian, D Rurale, E Lorenzano, C Degna, C Ponticelli, B Brando, G Civati, C Rovati, C Grit, M Broggi, G Busnach, A Dal, M Nova
Journal: Kidney International (1982)
Radioisotope renal studies and renal hypertension
Authors: D. A. Meier
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Previous studies from this laboratory indicated that the sodium iodohippurate I 131 renogram was unsatisfactory as a "screening" test for the detection of surgically amenable renal hypertension due to a 29% incidence of false negatives. A new technique was, therefore, used in 11 normal controls and 26 hypertensive patients thoroughly studied during a one-year period. The patients were hydrated and underwent iodohippurate renograms and chlormerodrin Hg 197 renograms and renal scans. The isotope studies were compared with the results of intravenous pyelography, aortography, split renalfunction studies, and surgery. At least one radioisotope test was positive in all 13 patients with unilateral renal disease. The diagnostic accuracy of each test was 62% for the iodohippurate renogram, 92% for the chlormerodrin renogram, and 85% for the renal scan.