tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Are patients with alcohol-related cancers (ARCs) more likely to quit drinking than the general population? Results of a national population-based survey.
Authors: Khalid Ishani, Anees B. Chagpar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

e18716 Background: Alcohol is a known carcinogen, predisposing to a variety of cancers. While abstinence may reduce the risk of recurrence of these tumors, it is unclear whether patients diagnosed with an alcohol related cancer (ARC) are more likely to quit than the general population. Methods: We utilized the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) dataset to compare the rate of quitting drinking between those with ARCs (mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, liver, stomach, colon/rectum, breast, and pancreas) versus the general population. Results: In 2020, the NHIS surveyed 31,512 people, representing 251,697,992 in the population. Of these, 2.56% reported having been diagnosed with an ARC in the past. The proportion of people who had consumed alcohol at least once in their lives was similar between those with ARC and the general population (87.57% vs. 86.86%, p = 0.625); however, among those who had ever drunk, those with ARC were more likely to state they had not consumed any alcohol in the past 12 months (33.92% vs. 19.85%, p &lt; 0.001). Patients diagnosed with an ARC were more likely to be white (75.43% vs. 63.34%), older than 65 (58.72% vs. 19.30%), with annual household income &lt; $35,000 (32.56% vs. 22.92%) and a lower rate of private health insurance (48.12% vs. 62.08%), all p &lt; 0.001. Controlling for these sociodemographic factors, among ever-drinkers, those with an ARC were still more likely to report having quit drinking (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.00-1.44, p = 0.046). Of note, however, 5.95% of people with ARCs remained current heavy drinkers (similar to those without ARCs 5.98%, p = 0.977). Among people with ARCs, those who were older than 65 (69.31% vs. 59.10%, p &lt; 0.001), with less than a high school education (20.63% vs. 6.02%, p = 0.001), public insurance (49.27% vs. 32.65%, p = 0.001), and annual household income &lt; $35,000 (44.40% vs. 23.34%, p &lt; 0.001) were less likely to continue to drink. On multivariate analysis, age (p &lt; 0.001), education (p = 0.019) and income (p &lt; 0.001) remained independent predictors of continuing to drink among ARC survivors. Conclusions: While patients with ARCs are more likely to have quit drinking than the general population, nearly two thirds of patients diagnosed with ARCs continue to consume alcohol, with nearly 6% being heavy drinkers. ARC survivors who continue to drink tend to be well-educated, affluent and well-insured; it may therefore behoove clinicians not to neglect educating this population on the merits of abstaining from alcohol after an ARC.
What is the ideal follow up after kidney stone treatment? A systematic review and follow-up algorithm from the European Association of Urology urolithiasis panel
Authors: R. Lombardo, L. Tzelves, R. Geraghty, N.F. Davis, A. Neisius, A. Petřík, G. Gambaro, C. Türk, B. Somani, A. Skolarikos, K. Thomas
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Prostate cancers detected at multi-parametric MRI targeted versus systematic biopsies: are they equal? Results from a large multi-institutional series
Authors: F.M. Barletta, E. Mazzone, G. Gandaglia, G. Ploussard, R-G. Rahota, M. Valerio, R. Campi, A. Mari, A. Mattei, G. Marra, J.B. Beavaul, M. Roumiguié, L. Afferi, M. Moschini, P. Gontero, R. Van Der Bergh, J. Zhuang, T. Hongqian, A. Stabile, N. Fossati, F. De Cobelli, A. Esposito, G. Brembilla, F. Montorsi, A. Briganti
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Role of genetic ancestry in endometrial cancers: Understanding disparities in black women.
Authors: Michelle Jeung-Eun Lee, Manan Shah, Sri Lakshmi Sudha Kollepara, Sanjay R. Jain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

e17631 Background: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in the United States. Endometrial cancer disproportionately affects black women in terms of incidence and survival despite advancement in treatment, and preventive strategies. Identifying distinct tumor markers in patients with African ancestry will help distinguish biological determinants underlying the disparities in endometrial cancer. In this study, we investigated the genetic alterations in endometrial cancer in individuals of African (AFR) ancestry using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Methods: The genomic and clinical data of TCGA PanCancer Atlas uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) were explored using CBioportal (http://www.cbioportal.org/). We utilized The Cancer Genome Ancestry Atlas (TCGAA) and LAMP for estimates of genetic ancestry and quantitative ancestral composition. This dataset contains 529 patients, including 357 self-reported whites and 107 blacks. For each case the proportion of European, West African, East Asian, Native American ancestry was estimated. The dominant ancestry was defined as ≥50% of admixture from one reference population. Differences in gene mutation frequency were analyzed based on AFR ancestry proportion. The Kaplan-Meier curves were generated, and Cox regression analyses were performed. Results: Global genetic ancestry analysis identified 115 AFR ancestry cases with mean ancestry of 80.4%. The dominant AFR ancestry subject matched the self-reported race with 94% accuracy. We identified 23 subjects with ≥90% AFR ancestry, 43 subjects with 80-90% AFR ancestry, 34 subjects with 70-80% AFR ancestry, and 15 subjects with 50-70% AFR ancestry. TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene in patients with AFR ancestry(49.5%). ≥90% AFR ancestry had the highest rate of TP53 mutations (52.2%) compared with 80-90% AFR ancestry (51.2%), 70-80% AFR ancestry (43.8%), and 50-70% AFR ancestry (41.7%). PTEN was less commonly mutated in patients with higher proportion of AFR ancestry (47.8% in ≥90% AFR ancestry, 39.0% in 80-90% AFR ancestry, 59.4% in 70-80% AFR ancestry, and 66.7% in 50-70% AFR ancestry). PIK3CA mutation frequency was almost identical in all AFR ancestry groups studied. No significant differences in overall survival was observed between AFR ancestry groups. Conclusions: We aimed to investigate the etiology of endometrial cancer disparities by analyzing the effect of ancestry on genetic alterations in endometrial cancer. This study demonstrated differences in the mutation frequency among patients with AFR ancestry. We have shown that TP53 mutations were seen more frequently in patients with higher AFR ancestry, which may confer a poorer prognosis. Nonetheless, to validate the findings of this study, future studies should be conducted with larger sample sizes and more diverse ancestral groups to explore how genetic ancestry impacts tumorigenesis and cancer progression.
Training Surgery Residents in Gender-Affirming Surgery
Authors: Rishub K. Das, Brian C. Drolet
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

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Whole transcriptome analysis of tumors with discordant oncotype and MammaPrint results in the FLEX trial.
Authors: Matei P. Socoteanu, Joyce O'Shaughnessy, Kent Hoskins, Adam Brufsky, Cathy Lynne Graham, Svetislava J. Vukelja, Jamal Ghazi Misleh, Karen L. Tedesco, Rakhshanda Layeequr Rahman, June Lee, Julian Berrocal, Kamal Sharma, Albert Begas, Jennifer Crozier, Ian Grady, Nina D'Abreo, Midas M. Kuilman, Holly Nguyen, Lisa Eileen Blumencranz, M. William Audeh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

556 Background: Genomic tests, such as MammaPrint (MP) and Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score (RS), assess risk of recurrence in patients with early breast cancer (EBC). Using both assays may yield discordant results which leads to uncertainty in treatment recommendations. The assays differ in technology and genes analyzed. RS relies on RT-PCR to query 16 cancer-related genes and 5 controls. MP uses a microarray to query 70 cancer-related genes and 465 normalization controls. Here we explore the genetic basis for discordance by using the FLEX whole transcriptome database to examine differentially expressed genes among patients who received discordant RS and MP results. Methods: Patients with EBC enrolled in the FLEX study (NCT03053193) undergo standard of care MP and BluePrint (BP) tests, and consent to clinically annotated whole transcriptome data collection. MP stratifies risk of recurrence as Low risk and High. RS classifies patients as Low Risk (RS 0-10), Intermediate (RS 11-25), and High Risk (RS 26-100). Due to low representation of BP Basal and BP HER2-type tumors in this data set, we only examined BP Luminal-type tumors (N = 705). We used full genome transcriptomes to compare gene expression among discordant cases. Gene expression data were quantile normalized and analyzed using R package ‘limma’. Genes were considered differentially expressed at a fold change of at least 1.7 and an adjusted p-value of lower than 0.05. To keep the analysis as unbiased as possible, comparisons between RS categories only included tumors within the same MP score range and similarly comparisons of MP categories only contained tumors within the same RS score range. Results: The comparisons between discordant cases, their numbers and the amount of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are shown below. Sample sizes are shown in parentheses. Of the 49 DEGs found in the RS Intermediate group, several are associated with increased proliferation or increased metastatic potential. SCUBE2 and MMP9 were among the 49 genes and are among the 70-genes assayed by MP. Conclusions: The comparisons highlight the genomic diversity of the RS Intermediate (RS11-25) group, as seen with the high number of DEGs. MP separates cases into more genomically distinct categories, as reflected by fewer DEGs. Clinical trial information: NCT03053193. [Table: see text]
Robotic artificial urinary sphincter implantation in female patients under constant direct vision
Authors: B. Peyronnet, A. Dubois, V. Lethuillier, C. Haudebert, C. Richard, M. El-Akri, L. Freton, Q. Alimi, K. Bensalah, A. Manunta, J. Hascoet
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Complications of transperineal prostate biopsies with antibiotic prophylaxis on indication only versus transrectal prostate biopsies with standard prophylactic antibiotics
Authors: L.M.S. Boevé, K. de Bie, E.P. Van Haarst, E.J.T. Krul, F.T. Bloemendal, J.J. De Bruijn, S. Beems, J.W. Vanhommerig, M.C. Hovius, A.E.C. Ruiter, P.C. Kauer, J.A. Van Der Zee, G. Van Andel, B.W. Lagerveld
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Reply to Yongfeng Lao, Yanan Wang, and Zhilong Dong’s Letter to the Editor re: Amar U. Kishan, Xiaoyan Wang, Yilun Sun, et al. High-dose Radiotherapy or Androgen Deprivation Therapy (HEAT) as Treatment Intensification for Localized Prostate Cancer: An Individual Patient–data Network Meta-analysis from the MARCAP Consortium. Eur Urol. 2022;82:106–114
Authors: Amar U. Kishan, Daniel E. Spratt
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Exploring the characteristics of dignity loss in patients with cancer in North China.
Authors: Long Wang, Qiaohong Guo, Jing Zuo, Yudong Wang, Li Feng, Xinliang Zhou, Zhisong Fan, Xue Zhang, Jing Han, Jiayin Liu, Dan Li, Xinyan Hu, Wei Liu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

e24132 Background: Patients with cancer experience different degrees of loss of dignity. Exploring the characteristics of dignity loss for patients with cancer is rare in China, but it is of great significance for patients and their families in the whole anti-cancer trajectory. Methods: Inpatients and outpatients with cancer from the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University were enrolled in this study. The Patient Dignity Inventory(PDI) and EORTC Core Quality of Life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) was used for measuring patients’ dignity loss and quality of life. Spearman’s correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the correlation factors of dignity loss, and the correlation among dignity loss, quality of life and its dimensions. Results: A total of 403 patients with cancers were included in this study. In terms of loss of dignity, 20 patients (4.96%) didn’t report loss of dignity, 295 patients (73.20%) had mild loss of dignity, 78 (19.35%) had moderate and 10(2.48%) had severe loss of dignity. The three most prevalent PDI problems of patients were “experiencing physically distressing symptoms”(146, 36.23%), “Feeling that I am a burden to others” (126，31.27%) and “worrying about future” (114, 28.29%) . Companionship(r = 0.167, P = 0.001), PS(r = 0.392, P &lt; 0.001), diagnosis to investigation time (r = 0.107, P = 0.031), stage of disease (r = 0.279, P &lt; 0.001), stage of treatment (r = 0.333, P &lt; 0.001), surgery and recurrence (r = 0.158, P = 0.001), anxiety (r = 0.612, P &lt; 0.001), depression (r = 0.603, P &lt; 0.001), psychological distress (r = 0.453, P &lt; 0.001), symptom burden (r = 0.421, P &lt; 0.001) and impact on life (r = 0.450, P &lt; 0.001) were positive correlated with loss of dignity. Age (r = -0.134, P = 0.007), occupation (r = -0.124, P = 0.013) were negative correlated with loss of dignity. Loss of dignity and quality of life are significant correlated with each other. Dignity existential distress showed moderate negative correlation with emotional function (r = -0.513, P &lt; 0.001). Dignity symptom distress showed moderate negative correlation with emotional function (r = -0.675, P &lt; 0.001) and social function (r = -0.515，P &lt; 0.001). Dignity symptom distress showed moderate positive correlation with fatigue symptoms (r = 0.541, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Most cancer patients’ dignity were impaired slightly or moderately in North China. Dignity of cancer patients showed significant association with quality of life. Anxiety and depression were more consistent with dignity than other factors. Improving the quality of life and dignity of patients is vital.
Phase I clinical safety and efficacy observation of αPD-1-mesoCAR-T cells in the treatment of advanced gynecologic cancer.
Authors: Yong Xia, Zhuqing Liu, Zhongzheng Zhu, Zhicai Lin, Hui Xue, Zongchang Song, Yanyan Yu, Xinhong Guan, Yuying Sun, Zhifeng Miao, Yaping Yang, Sitong Wang, Zhong Li, Linjie Lv, Qing Xu, Yan Sun, Jin-xing Lou, Qijun Qian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

e17535 Background: Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Most of patients often have refractory or relapse. We have developed a CAR T cell secreting PD-1 nanoantibodies and targeting mesothelin (αPD-1-mesoCAR-T) and conducted a phase I clinical trial for evaluation of safety and efficacy of the αPD-1-mesoCAR-T cells in gynecologic tumors. Methods: This study is a single-arm, open, dose-increasing clinical study and two infusions (interval 14-35 days). Patients with advanced gynecological cancer were enrolled when immunohistochemical analysis for positive mesothelin over 70% and failed second-line treatment in Mengchao Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University and Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University. All patients underwent lymphodepletion before infusion at a dose of 1 to 15x10 6 /kg. CAR copies, nanobody levels, cytokines, T lymphocyte subtypes were determined before and after infusion. Results: a total of 7 patients were enrolled so far and completed the first evaluation. After treatment, most symptoms of the patients were alleviated, two patients (#2, #3) had their lesions decreased. By RECIST 1.1, all 7 patients’ diseases became stable, and the disease control rate was 100%. The PFS of #3 patient with stable disease (SD) was 5.3 months, the patient #2 was 4.1 months. The frequent adverse events were fever, fatigue, nausea and pruritus. No sever adverse events above grade 3 occurred. The number of CAR-T cells in the peripheral blood increased significantly during day 4-14 after the infusion, and the PD-1 nanoantibody levels and the contents of INF-γ 、 IL-6 、 IL-2 and MCP-1 also increased at day 1-4. Conclusions: The preliminary clinical study showed that the aPD-1-mesoCAR-T cells are safe for the treatment of gynecologic cancer and stabilized the diseases. More data of the treatment is warrantied to continually follow up these patients.
EPID-09. Characterizing the epidemiology of radiation-induced gliomas following cranial radiotherapy for pediatric cancers: a population-based study
Authors: Jacob Leary, Amy Anderson-Mellies, Adam Green
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Cranial radiotherapy (RT) is used to treat pediatric central nervous system (CNS) cancers and leukemias. RT carries a risk of secondary CNS malignancies, including radiation-induced gliomas, the epidemiology of which is poorly understood. METHODS: This retrospective study using SEER registry data (1975-2016) included two cohorts. Cohort 1 included patients diagnosed with Grade III/IV or ungraded glioma as a second malignancy &amp;gt;/=2 years after receiving beam radiation and/or chemotherapy for a first malignancy diagnosed at ages 0-19 years, either a primary CNS tumor treated with RT (1a, n=77) or leukemia with unknown RT treatment (1b, n=20). Cohort 2 included patients with possible missed RIG who received RT for a primary CNS tumor diagnosed at 0-19 and then died of presumed progressive disease more than 5 years after diagnosis, since previous studies have documented many missed RIGs in this group (n=296). Controls (n=10,687) included all other patients ages 0-19 who received RT for a first CNS tumor or leukemia who did not fit inclusion criteria above. RESULTS: For Cohort 1 (likely/definite RIGs), 0.97% of patients receiving cranial RT went on to develop RIG. 3.39% of patients receiving cranial RT for primary CNS tumors fell in Cohort 2 (possible RIGs). Median latency to RIG diagnosis was 11.1 years; latency was significantly shorter for Cohort 1b (median 10.0, range 5.0-16.1) vs. 1a (12.0, 3.6-34.4, p=0.018). Median OS for Cohort 1 was 9.0 months. Receiving surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy were all associated with a non-statistically significant improvement in OS (p 0.1-0.2). CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of a population-based study, 1-4% of patients undergoing cranial RT for pediatric cancers later develop RIG, which is incurable and can occur anywhere from 3-35 years later. Effective treatment of RIG remains unclear and is thus deserving of increased attention in preclinical and clinical studies.
Re: Øyvind Ulvik, Mathias Sørstrand Æsøy, Patrick Juliebø-Jones, Peder Gjengstø, Christian Beisland. Thulium Fibre Laser versus Holmium:YAG for Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy: Outcomes from a Prospective Randomised Clinical Trial. Eur Urol. 2022;82:73–9
Authors: Alan J. Yaghoubian, Johnathan A. Khusid, Mantu Gupta
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Primary results from JUPITER, a phase 2 basket trial of combination therapy with trastuzumab and pertuzumab in patients with HER2-amplified solid tumors.
Authors: Sadakatsu Ikeda, Ryo Kudo, Yamato Yamashita, Toshio Kubo, Yukiko Mori, Yohei Harada, Hidekazu Shirota, Hideyuki Hayashi, Masayuki Kano, Yasushi Shimizu, Eri Ishibashi, Ukihide Tateishi, Akihiro Hirakawa, Hirotoshi Akita, Hisahiro Matsubara, Hiroshi Nishihara, Chikashi Ishioka, Naoko Sueoka-Aragane, Manabu Muto, Shinichi Toyooka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

3131 Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene amplification or mutations have emerged as oncogenic drivers and therapeutic targets not limited to breast and gastric cancers, but also in a variety of cancers. Despite its considerable therapeutic potential, the evidence has not been established. To address this unmet need, we conducted an organ-agnostic basket trial targeting HER2-amplified solid tumors. Methods: JUPITER is a multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 basket trial for solid tumor patients (pts) with HER2 amplification determined by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Both tissue and liquid NGS results were allowed. HER2 amplification by ISH or HER2 overexpression by IHC were not used for inclusion. Pts had treatment-refractory metastatic tumors, or rare cancers without established standard of care. Breast, gastric, and colorectal cancers were excluded. Pts were treated with intravenous trastuzumab (8 mg/kg loading dose followed by 6 mg/kg) and pertuzumab (840 mg loading dose followed by 420 mg) every 3 weeks until disease progression or any other reason for discontinuation. Tumor response was assessed using RECIST v1.1. Primary endpoint was ORR by blinded independent central review (BICR), and secondary endpoints were ORR assessed by the investigators, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), duration of response (DOR), and safety. We set the ORR threshold 5% and expected ORR was 20%. Estimated sample size was 38 patients with one-sided alpha 2.5% and power 80%. Results: Between April 2019 and June 2020, 42 pts were consented, and 40 pts were treated. Median age was 62 (range, 21-86) and 60% were females. The most common diagnosis was biliary tract cancer (20%), followed by salivary ductal carcinoma (12.5%) and endometrial cancer (12.5%). At data cutoff (1 Sep 2021), ORR by BICR was 22.5% (95%CI: 10.8%-38.5%). ORR assessed by the investigator was 25% (95%CI: 12.7%-41.2%). PFS, OS and DOR were not reached at data cutoff; 3 responders remained on treatment. Of 40 pts, 32.5% had grade ≥ 3 adverse events; 10% were treatment-related, including neutropenia, hypertension, peripheral sensory neuropathy and lymphoedema (all grade 3). No treatment-related death was observed. Exploratory biomarker analysis of response and resistance is in progress. Conclusions: Combination therapy with trastuzumab and pertuzumab was well tolerated and showed promising efficacy for the patients with HER2-amplified solid tumors determined by NGS. Clinical trial information: jRCT2031180150.
Diffuse Bone Marrow Involvement of Multiple Myeloma on [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT
Authors: Kerstin Michalski, Cordula A. Jilg, Monika Engelhardt, Philipp T. Meyer, Juri Ruf
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract A 71-year-old man presented with chronic anemia (hemoglobin 7.3 g/dL). Further serum analyses showed elevated prostate-specific antigen (13 ng/mL), suggestive of prostate cancer. However, ultrasound-guided transrectal sextant biopsy did not find any evidence of prostate cancer. In order to improve guidance of intended repeated biopsy, [ 18 F]prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) 1007 PET/CT was performed, which showed a solitary lesion with strong PSMA expression in the left peripheral zone in the prostate gland. Surprisingly, also a diffuse bone marrow involvement with predominantly osteolytic lesions was observed. This massive osseous tumor burden was clearly discordant to the only relatively mild elevated prostate-specific antigen. The subsequent bone biopsy revealed multiple myeloma. This case does not only highlight a possible pitfall on PSMA PET/CT, but also raises the question on how far PSMA ligands may offer diagnostic and therapeutic potential in multiple myeloma.