Abstract PD5-06: PD5-06 CCN6 suppresses spindle metaplastic breast carcinoma in part via antagonizing Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Maria E. Gonzalez, Eric R. Fearon, Celina Kleer
Journal: Cancer Research (2023)

Abstract Background: Metaplastic breast carcinomas (mBrCAs) are a rare and highly aggressive subtype of triple negative breast cancer, with histological evidence of non-glandular differentiation and frequent activation of the canonical (-catenin-dependent) Wnt pathway. Our laboratory has reported that CCN6 is expressed in normal mammary epithelium, but CCN6 expression is lost in 68% of spindle mBrCAs. We found mice with mammary epithelial cell-specific conditional deletion of Ccn6 (MMTV-Cre; Ccn6fl/fl mice) develop mammary tumors that recapitulate human spindle mBrCAs, including upregulation of Wnt pathway genes. We investigated if and how secreted CCN6 protein functions in tumor suppression in spindle mBrCA via effects on the canonical Wnt pathway. Methods: To investigate CCN6 binding to the Wnt co-receptors LRP6 and FZD8 proteins, we performed Flag-IPs on MDA-MB231 mesenchymal-like breast cancer cells expressing Flag-CCN6 or vector. Effects of CCN6 on b-catenin subcellular localization and gene and protein expression were studied by IHC, IF, qRT-PCR and immunoblot in human cell lines and MMTV-Cre;Ccn6fl/fl tumors. To test effects of recombinant CCN6 on canonical Wnt signaling, we used the Leading-Light Wnt Reporter Assay and also tested CCN6 effects in WNT3A- and WNT10B-mediated Wnt signaling activation and on MDA-MB231 cell invasion. To study b-catenin/TCF function in invasive growth of CCN6-deficient cancer cells, we employed two independent approaches: i) expression of a dominant-negative Tcf4 (dnTcf4) versus control vector in MMTV-Cre; Ccn6fl/fl tumor-derived cells; and ii) expression of a constitutively active mutant (S33Y) b-catenin in concert with treatment with recombinant human CCN6 (rhCCN6; 500 ug/ml) versus BSA control. Syngeneic orthotopic mammary tumor transplants of MMTV-Cre;Ccn6fl/fl were used in vivo for rescue experiments with i.p. injections of rhCCN6 or BSA. We monitored tumor growth and morphology, and performed IHC to determine b-catenin localization and expression. Results: We found in co-IPs that CCN6 interacts with LRP6 and FZD8 to form a complex that antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling. CCN6 ectopic expression in MDA-MB231 cells led to reduced nuclear and increased membrane localization of b-catenin and decreased invasive growth in vitro. In vivo, CCN6 protein administration to MMTV-Cre; Ccn6fl/fl mice reduced tumor growth and was linked to decreased nuclear b-catenin in the tumors. Conclusion: CCN6 antagonizes canonical Wnt/b-catenin in part by binding Wnt ligands, leading to reduced active b-catenin in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Our data indicate a critical role for b-catenin activation for CCN6-deficient mBrCA tumor phenotypes. In vivo, rhCCN6 protein reduces tumorigenesis in MMTV-Cre; Ccn6fl/fl mBrCA tumors, highlighting how CCN6 restoration or b-catenin inhibition could be new therapeutic approaches for mBrCAs. Citation Format: Maria E. Gonzalez, Eric R. Fearon, Celina Kleer. PD5-06 CCN6 suppresses spindle metaplastic breast carcinoma in part via antagonizing Wnt/β-catenin signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr PD5-06.