tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic management of tracheoesophageal prosthesis-induced esophageal mucosal bridge
Authors: Mahmoud Y. Madi, Matthew Peller, Michael Presti, Ahmad Najdat Bazarbashi
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Esophageal mucosal bridge (EMB) is a rare, often incidental finding encountered during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). It can be of congenital origin, or occur secondarily to local esophageal trauma, radiation therapy, and various inflammatory conditions involving the esophageal mucosa [1]. While mostly asymptomatic, EMB can often result in dysphagia by causing luminal obstruction. We present a case of symptomatic EMB secondary to long-standing tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis (TEVP) that was successfully treated with endoscopic resection using a scissor-type dissection knife.
Utility of image-enhanced magnifying endoscopy and traction wire for a successful endoscopic submucosal dissection in early gastric cancer
Authors: Kyosuke Tanaka, Hirofumi Okuda, Yuhei Umeda, Tsuyoshi Beppu, Misaki Nakamura, Yasuhiko Hamada, Hayato Nakagawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Characterizing tumor extent in early gastric cancer (EGC) is difficult and magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) is often necessary [1] [2]. Submucosal dissection of large lesions via endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a time-consuming task. Here, we report the benefit of the traction wire (ERD-TW35; Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA) [3] [4] [5] as a unique technique for ESD.
Circulating Long Noncoding RNA Signatures Associate With Incident Diabetes in Older Adults: A Prospective Analysis From the VITA Cohort Study
Authors: Florian A. Wenzl, Alessandro Mengozzi, Shafeeq A. Mohammed, Nicola Riccardo Pugliese, Alessia Mongelli, Era Gorica, Samuele Ambrosini, Peter Riederer, Peter Fischer, Margareta Hinterberger, Yustina Puspitasari, Thomas F. Lüscher, Giovanni G. Camici, Christian M. Matter, Gian Paolo Fadini, Agostino Virdis, Stefano Masi, Frank Ruschitzka, Edna Grünblatt, Francesco Paneni, Sarah Costantino
Journal: Diabetes Care (2023)

OBJECTIVE Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in diabetogenesis in experimental models, yet their role in humans is unclear. We investigated whether circulating lncRNAs associate with incident type 2 diabetes in older adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A preselected panel of lncRNAs was measured in serum of individuals without diabetes (n = 296) from the Vienna Transdanube Aging study, a prospective community-based cohort study. Participants were followed up over 7.5 years. A second cohort of individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (n = 90) was used to validate our findings. RESULTS Four lncRNAs (ANRIL, MIAT, RNCR3, and PLUTO) were associated with incident type 2 diabetes and linked to hemoglobin A1c trajectories throughout the 7.5-year follow-up. Similar results (for MIAT and PLUTO also in combined analysis) were obtained in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS We found a set of circulating lncRNAs that independently portends incident type 2 diabetes in older adults years before disease onset.
A novel submucosal injection material comprising a fully synthetic and self-assembling peptide solution for endoscopic resection of large colorectal laterally spreading tumors
Authors: Kengo Kasuga, Keigo Sato, Ko Nakata, Hirohito Tanaka, Hiroko Hosaka, Shiko Kuribayashi, Toshio Uraoka
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

An injection solution is required to create a submucosal cushion to allow safe endoscopic resection [1] [2]. The fully synthetic and self-assembling peptide solution submucosal injection material (PuraLift; 3-D Matrix, Tokyo, Japan) is a non-biologic preparation that self-assembles to create a gel formed of nanofibers when in contact with a neutral pH [3]. It has the same ingredients as the peptide hemostatic agent (PuraStat; 3-D Matrix) [4]. Here we report the first two cases of the use of PuraLift ([Video 1]).
Endoscopic resection using adaptive traction for a large recurrence after a full-thickness transanal endoscopic microsurgery: improving exposure is a key point for complete removal
Authors: Louis-Jean Masgnaux, Jean Grimaldi, Jérôme Rivory, Timothée Wallenhorst, Romain Legros, Jérémie Jacques, Mathieu Pioche
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Resection of large colorectal neoplasia in the rectum can be performed either by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or by transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM). The rate of en bloc resection and recurrences were similar in a recent meta-analysis [1] but we are still waiting for the results of the prospective clinical trial performed in France (MUCEM study, NCT02885142) a few years ago. In any case, management of recurrence appears far more complex after TEM than after ESD since the first technique is a full-thickness resection technique although ESD only removes the mucosa and submucosa ([Fig. 1]). Therefore, recurrence at the site of the scar appears similar at the surface, but the deep part of the wall is totally different in the two situations. In the first case, endoscopic resection of the recurrence can be performed by endoscopic submucosal dissection following a deep cut line very close to the muscular layer. In the second, there is no residual muscular layer near the previous resection, and therefore resection should pass under the fibrotic block to avoid damage to the neoplastic tissue and achieve an R0 resection.
Single-tunnel Zenker’s diverticulum peroral endoscopic myotomy
Authors: Georgios Mavrogenis, Efthymios Maurommatis, Charalampos Koumentakis, Ioannis Tsevgas, Dimitrios Zachariadis, Fateh Bazerbachi
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Zenker's diverticulum peroral endoscopic myotomy (zPOEM) revolutionized the endoscopic treatment of Zenker's diverticulum, since this is the only method that can provide deep myotomy [1]. Historically, the mucosal entrance was initially made in the hypopharynx, proximal to the septum. The procedure was recently modified [2], and many endoscopists have adapted this latest variation of mucosal entrance over the septum. In this video ([Video 1]), we present a new modification of this technique with the creation of a single tunnel instead of two. In particular, after mucosal incision over the septum ([Fig. 1]), a submucosal cushion is created at the esophageal side and a single tunnel is created at the side of the diverticulum ([Fig. 2], [Fig. 3]). Partial myotomy is performed, if necessary, to open the space for tunneling. Then, myotomy is performed through the diverticular tunnel ([Fig. 4], [Fig. 5]). This harbors the danger of damaging the esophageal mucosa. Therefore, repeated injections are provided at the submucosal space between the septum and the mucosa of the esophagus as needed. In our experience, this modification reduces the total duration of the procedure. The main potential drawback is the risk of inadvertent esophageal mucosal injury if the submucosal cushion is not sufficient.
A novel peroral choledochoscope was used to remove a proximal displaced stent-stone complex
Authors: Yaoting Li, Tingting Yu, Hongfei He, Senlin Hou, Lichao Zhang
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Biliary stent implantation is an effective way to treat complex biliary calculi [1] [2]. Stent displacement and stent-stone complex formation are adverse events of long-term biliary stent retention. We demonstrate a case of the use of a retrieval basket to remove a proximal displaced stent-stone complex under direct vision assisted with a novel peroral choledochoscope (eyeMax Choledochoscope System Digital Controller; Micro-Tech, Nanjing, China).
An unusual complication of acute biliary pancreatitis: an incidental discovery of hemobilia
Authors: Pierre Mayer, Antoine Wackenthaler, Pierre-Yves Christmann, François Habersetzer, Pierre de Marini, Lucile Héroin
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Hemobilia is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, which is often due to abdominal trauma; infectious or tumoral causes, and portal biliopathy or cholangiovascular fistulas (venous or arterial) have also been described [1]. Hemobilia is most often manifested by right hypochondrial pain, jaundice, and GI bleeding. Its management is mainly based on endoscopy and interventional radiology [2] [3], with surgical management used after failure of both techniques.
Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection for rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Georgios Mavrogenis, Efthymios Maurommatis, Charalampos Koumentakis, Loukas Kaklamanis, Ioannis Tsevgas, Dimitrios Zachariadis, Fateh Bazerbachi
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

A 60-year-old man was referred for evaluation of a rectal submucosal tumor located 5 cm proximal to the anus ([Video 1, ] [Fig. 1]). Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed a 3-cm hypoechoic lesion originating from the muscular layer. The patient underwent submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER) under sedation with propofol for diagnosis and treatment ([Fig. 2]). A small horizontal incision was made at the anus and a submucosal pocket was created with injection of a mixture of hydroxyethyl starch and indigo carmine into the submucosal layer (GIF 190TH1; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan; and Flush Knife BTs 1.5 mm, FujiFilm, Tokyo, Japan). The tip of the tumor was enucleated ([Fig. 3]), and then the intramuscular portion of the tumor was dissected with a square-tip knife (Square Knife; Endoaccess, Garbsen, Germany) using spray coagulation (VIO 3; Erbe, Tübingen, Germany). Dissection was advanced up to the level of the perirectal fat, while paying attention to avoid damage to the tumor capsule. The tumor was removed en bloc ([Fig. 4]) and the mucosal entrance was closed with two clips. The procedure lasted for 1 hour. The patient was hospitalized for 1 night, received oral amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for 5 days, and had an uneventful recovery. Histology showed a benign gastrointestinal stromal tumor ([Fig. 4]). STER is mainly applied in the stomach and esophagus [1]. This case report demonstrates the feasibility of this technique in the rectum.
5607560 AN AUDIT OF COMPLIANCE WITH NEONATAL SCREENING GUIDELINES IN NEONATES DIAGNOSED WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE IN SOUTH WALES
Authors: S.R.P. Pasha, S.P. Playford, I.T. Thakur
Journal: HemaSphere (2023)

Objective: To audit whether children diagnosed with sickle cell disease from the newborn screening program, receive their first clinic date and penicillin prophylaxis within the recommended timeframe as per National Guidelines. Design: A retrospective analysis of patient records were undertaken. This was in order to obtain the dates and ages of the patients when they had their first clinic review and when first offered penicillin prophylaxis Setting: The audit was carried out in Noahs Ark Children’s Hospital for Wales, UHW. Results: All patients were seen in a specialist clinic and offered penicillin prophylaxis within the standard of 90 days. Conclusion: The department met the standard for both specialist clinic review and penicillin prophylaxis. The department met the criteria for achievable in both domains. References 1. Inusa BP, Hsu LL, Kohli N, Patel A, Ominu-Evbota K, Anie KA, Atoyebi W. Sickle cell disease—genetics, pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatment. International Journal of Neonatal Screening. 2019 Jun;5(2):20. 2. NICE. Sickle cell disease: Summary. 2021 [accessed 1st May 2022]. Available from: https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/sickle-cell-disease/ 3. Sickle Cell Society. Sickle Cell Disease in Childhood: Standards and Recommendations for Clinical Care. 3rdedition. London: Sickle Cell Society; 2019. [accessed 14th March 2022]. Available from: https://www.sicklecellsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/SCD-in-Childhood_Final-version-1.pdf 4. Oligbu G, Collins S, Sheppard C, Fry N, Dick M, Streetly A, Ladhani S. Risk of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children with Sickle Cell Disease in England: A National Observational Cohort Study, 2010–2015. Archives of disease in childhood. 2018 Jul 1;103(7):643-7. 5. Falletta JM, Woods GM, Verter JI, Buchanan GR, Pegelow CH, Iyer RV, Miller ST, Holbrook CT, Kinney TR, Vichinsky E, Becton DL. Discontinuing penicillin prophylaxis in children with sickle cell anemia. The Journal of pediatrics. 1995 Nov 1;127(5):685-90. 6. Gaston MH, Verter JI, Woods G, Pegelow C, Kelleher J, Presbury G, Zarkowsky H, Vichinsky E, Iyer R, Lobel JS, Diamond S. Prophylaxis with oral penicillin in children with sickle cell anemia: A randomized trial. Pediatrics. 1989 May;83(5):835-. 7. Public Health Wales. Sickle Cell disorder. 2022 [accessed 1st May 2022] Available from: https://phw.nhs.wales/services-and-teams/screening/newborn-bloodspot-screening-wales/information-for-parents/the-conditions/the-conditions-accordion/sickle-cell-disorders/ 8. NHS Wales. Sickle Cell Disorder Referral Guidelines for Newborn Bloodspot Screening Wales. 2013 [accessed 3 May 2022] Available from: https://phw.nhs.wales/services-and-teams/screening/newborn-bloodspot-screening-wales/files/clinical-referral-guidelines/v1-scd-referral-guidelines-december-2014-pdf/
5573836 CLINICOHEMATOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AND HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES IN PAKISTAN;AN EXPERIENCE OF NON HOSPITAL BASED LABORATORY
Authors: A.A. Aisha Arshad, F.E.A. Farhan Essa Abdullah, N.F.E. Nadia Farhan Essa
Journal: HemaSphere (2023)

Clinicohematological and frequency of IDA and hemoglobinopathies in Pakistan; an experience of non hospital based laboratory Aisha Arshad *,Nadia Farhan,Farhan Essa Abdullah. Dr.Essa Laboratory and diagnostic centre,Karachi,Pakistan Introduction: Thalassemia is a genetic disease which has autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. The disease is result of consanguineous marriages. A huge number of such marriages still persist in Pakistan due to sociocultural issues. Therefore, the study was planned to observe the frequency and detail clinicohematological characteristics in iron deficiency anemia and in patients with hemoglobinopathies. Materials and methods: This was observational and cross sectional study conducted during the period of September 2019 to February 2020 at Dr.Essa Laboratory and diagnostic centre. A total of 462 participants were included. An ethical approval of study was taken from organization and informed consent was taken from all those patients who participated in the study. Complete blood picture (CBC) was performed using XP-100.and Hb Electrophoresis was done using Genio S machine. All parameters were calculated as mean and standard deviation using MS excel. Results: A total of 462 participants were enrolled in the study. Lethargy and weakness were observed in 365(79%) patients followed by fever in 75(16.2%) patients. Iron deficiency anemia was more common in patients 352(76.1%) followed by thalassemia minor 88(10.04%), thalassemia major 14(3.03%), HbD disease 06(1.29%) and HbE disease 02(0.76%) A total of The mean age of patients was 22.41±9.89. Females were higher in number as 312(%) and males were 150(%). The mean Hb was 9.94±4.94g/dl, MCV 76.6±7.07fl, MCH 22.19±5.65pg, MCHC 30.10±4.94g/dl, TLC 9.98±2.12*10^3/ul, Neutrophils 51.6±5.0%, lymphocytes 42.8±3.8% and platelets counts were 360±48.7*10^3/ul. The mean HbA levels were 94.1±63.6%, HbF 1.56±0.2 and HbA2 3.1±0.3%. Conclusion: Although Thalassemia is a genetic disease but higher frequency was found in our population with IDA and thalassemia minor. Proper screening must be done before marriages for thalassemia minor in order to avoid a thalassemic child. Iron deficiency anemia is subjected to severe malnutrition in our state and proper diet iron is required to avoid it. However, this study has been done on small number of sample size and requires the same with larger number of sample size across the country. Reference 1. Tahir Sultan Shamsi, Saqib Hussain Ansari, Zeeshan Hussain. (2018) An Insight into the Symptomatology of β-Thalassaemia Major: Molecular Genetic Basis of the Disease – III. National Journal of Health Sciences 3:1, pages 1-2.
5596737 RETINOPATHY IN EGYPTIAN PATIENTS WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE
Authors: T.H. Hassan, M.A. Badr, D. Hanna, M. Arafa, A. Elhewala, S. Dabour, S. Shehata, D. Abdel Rahman
Journal: HemaSphere (2023)

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a disorder that causes red blood cells to become sticky and rigid. Sickle cells can block blood flow in small blood vessels depriving the eye of oxygen and cause damage. This is called sickle retinopathy that can progress to severe proliferative sickle cell retinopathy, bleeding into the eye, detachment of the retina or even loss of vision. Aim: To assess ocular manifestations and detect frequency of retinopathy in patients with SCD. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted on 32 patients with SCD. They were 22 males and 10 females with mean age of 12 years. Routine investigations as well as ophthalmological examination including visual acuity, fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography were done. Results: We found that 8 patients (25%) suffered from proliferative retinopathy, 10 patients (31%) showed tortuous retinal veins, while 14 patients (44%) were normal. All patients showed macular thinning on optical coherence tomography examination. Conclusion: We concluded that frequency of retinopathy in patients with SCD is more than expected and it was higher in patients who started transfusion at a later age. More attention should be paid for this problem and close observations and follow up is strongly needed. References 1. Bonanomi and Lavezzo, Arq Bras Oftalmol 2013;76:320. 2. Leveziel et al, Medicine 2011;90:372. 3. Elagou et al, Surv Ophthalmol 2010;55:359
5574716 PROBLEMS AND STRATEGIES OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION IN THALASSEMIA DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN INDONESIA
Authors: L.D.R. Rahmartani, A.M. Pranata, S.D. Iskandar, T.T. Sari, P.A. Wahidiyat
Journal: HemaSphere (2023)

Transfusion-dependent thalassemia is the most severe form of thalassemia in which patients require a regular blood transfusion to maintain their haemoglobin level. COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the routine measure in controlling chronic diseases like thalassemia. This study aims to measure the difference in pre-transfusion haemoglobin level and frequency of transfusion before and during pandemics. This retrospective cross-sectional study utilized medical records data of 101 transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) patients treated in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH) from 2019-2021. The dependent variables of this study were pre-transfusion haemoglobin level and transfusion attendance. The pre-pandemic phase was defined from March 30, 2019, to March 29, 2020, whereas the during-pandemic phase was from March 30, 2020, to March 29, 2021. Up to 59.4% of subjects had suboptimal Hb level of < 9.0 g/dL even before the pandemic and it increased to 71.3% during a pandemic. Transfusion frequency of pre-pandemic and during-pandemic phases showed no significant difference (p-value = 0.990). The mean pre-transfusion haemoglobin level before the pandemic was 8.71 g/dL and it decreased to 8.46 g/dL (p-value <0.001). Our study showed poorer control of pre-transfusion Hb levels during the pandemic and decreased transfusion frequency. This puts them at a higher risk of developing many long-term complications. References 1. Kandasamy D et al, Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2022;44(1):17-25. 2. Miskeen E et al, J Multidiscip Healthc 2021;14:3063-71. 3. Chang L et al, Transfus Med Rev 2020;34:75–80 4. Timeline: WHO’s COVID-19 response [Internet]. Who.int. 2022 [cited 4 March 2022]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/interactive-timeline. 5. Wahidiyat PA et al, VOXS 2020;15(3):334–41. 6. Capellini N et al, Thalassaemia International Federation; 2021.
Decreased incidence of Merkel cell carcinoma in the younger population (aged below 50 years) in the United States: SEER analysis 2000-2019
Authors: André S. Alves, Matteo Scampa, Jérôme Martineau, Daniel F. Kalbermatten, Carlo M. Oranges
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2023)

biopsy analysis to rule out NAM.
MYC activation impairs cell-intrinsic IFNγ signaling and confers resistance to anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy in lung cancer
Authors: Juan J. Alburquerque-Bejar, Pablo Navajas-Chocarro, Maria Saigi, Ana Ferrero-Andres, Juan M. Morillas, Andrea Vilarrubi, Antonio Gomez, José L. Mate, Ana M. Munoz-Marmol, Octavio A. Romero, Pedro Blecua, Veronica Davalos, Manel Esteller, Eva Pros, Paula Llabata, Manuel Torres-Diz, Anna Esteve-Codina, Montse Sanchez-Cespedes
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2023)

Elucidating the adaptive mechanisms that prevent host immune response in cancer will help predict efficacy of anti-programmed death-1 (PD1)/L1 therapies. Here, we study the cell-intrinsic response of lung cancer (LC) to interferon-γ (IFNγ), a cytokine that promotes immunoresponse and modulates programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels. We report complete refractoriness to IFNγ in a subset of LCs as a result of JAK2 or IFNGR1 inactivation. A submaximal response affects another subset that shows constitutive low levels of IFNγ-stimulated genes (IγSGs) coupled with decreased H3K27ac (histone 3 acetylation at lysine 27) deposition and promoter hypermethylation and reduced IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) recruitment to the DNA on IFNγ stimulation. Most of these are neuroendocrine small cell LCs (SCLCs) with oncogenic MYC/MYCL1/MYCN. The oncogenic activation of MYC in SCLC cells downregulates JAK2 and impairs IγSGs stimulation by IFNγ. MYC amplification tends to associate with a worse response to anti-PD1/L1 therapies. Hence alterations affecting the JAK/STAT pathway and MYC activation prevent stimulation by IFNγ and may predict anti-PD1/L1 efficacy in LC.
PhyloMed: a phylogeny-based test of mediation effect in microbiome
Authors: Qilin Hong, Guanhua Chen, Zheng-Zheng Tang
Journal: Genome biology (2023)

Abstract Microbiome data from sequencing experiments contain the relative abundance of a large number of microbial taxa with their evolutionary relationships represented by a phylogenetic tree. The compositional and high-dimensional nature of the microbiome mediator challenges the validity of standard mediation analyses. We propose a phylogeny-based mediation analysis method called PhyloMed to address this challenge. Unlike existing methods that directly identify individual mediating taxa, PhyloMed discovers mediation signals by analyzing subcompositions defined on the phylogenic tree. PhyloMed produces well-calibrated mediation test p -values and yields substantially higher discovery power than existing methods.