tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Mechanism of Abnormal Sodium Excretion in Arterial Hypertension
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The SUPPORT project and improving care for seriously ill patients
Authors: M. S. Godec
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The encouraging experiences reported by Dr Frank and Ms Campbell helped shape the SUPPORT intervention. Our different findings may result from our randomized trial design, our retaining established physician-patient relationships, or our more rigorous evaluation design. We welcome the opportunity to respond to Dr Dougherty and clarify a major public misinterpretation of SUPPORT's findings—that physicians were ignoring patients' wishes. SUPPORT demonstrated a failure of communication between clinicians and patients, not a failure of physicians to listen to patients. This is also a response to Dr Donnelly's suggestion that the SUPPORT intervention should have been more prescriptive. We designed the intervention to be as forceful as possible given the evaluation design of the study and the concerns of the institutional review boards that all care be under the control of the attending clinician. We agree with Dr Godec that, as part of any comprehensive approach to this problem, financial
Lithium treatment of manic-depressive illness. Past, present, and perspectives
Authors: M. Schou
Journal: JAMA (1988)

EVEN though the title of this article refers to the past of lithium treatment, I shall spare the reader a lengthy account of its history and instead concentrate more on the situation today and the tasks for tomorrow. <h3>PAST: EFFICACY</h3> It is, however, only appropriate that I mention here the two clinical psychiatrists who have been key figures in the development of lithium treatment: John Cade, MD,<sup>1</sup>who in the late 1940s gave lithium to psychiatric patients and discovered its antimanic action, and Poul Christian Baastrup, MD,<sup>2,3</sup>who saw and participated in the documentation of its relapse-preventive or prophylactic action against not only manic but also depressive recurrences. Cade and Baastrup were conscientious clinicians who knew their patients well and who had keen observational powers (Figure). Lithium treatment has gone through a number of developmental phases and crises. They dealt with whether it worked at all or merely
An assessment of the role of redox cycling in mediating the toxicity of paraquat and nitrofurantoin.
Authors: A Adam, L L Smith, G M Cohen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

The abilities of paraquat, diquat, and nitrofurantoin to undergo cyclic oxidation and reduction with rat microsomal systems have been assessed and compared to that of the potent redox cycler, menadione. Diquat and menadione were found to be potent redox cyclers with comparable abilities to elicit a nonstoichiometric increase in both the consumption of O2 and the oxidation of NADPH, compared to the amounts of substrate added. In contrast, paraquat and nitrofurantoin redox cycled poorly, being an order of magnitude less potent than either diquat or menadione. This was reflected in kinetic studies using lung and liver microsomes, which showed that NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase had a lower affinity (Km) for paraquat and nitrofurantoin than for menadione and diquat, although values of Vmax were comparable for all the substrates except nitrofurantoin, which was lower. In order to assess redox cycling of the substrates in an intact lung system, the O2 consumption of rat lung slices was measured in the presence of all four compounds. A small increase in lung slice O2 uptake was observed with paraquat (10(-5) M) in the first 2.5 hr of incubation, possibly because of redox cycling of a high intracellular concentration of paraquat resulting from active accumulation into target cells. This stimulation in O2 uptake was no longer observed when slices were incubated for a longer period or with higher paraquat concentrations (10(-4) M), possibly because of toxic effects in target cells. High concentrations of diquat (10(-5) M) had no effect on O2 consumption of lung slices.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Calcification in the aortic arch of a young man
Authors: J. E. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Dr. Karl T. Benedict: The patient is a 24-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of abnormalities observed on a routine roentgenographic examination of the chest (Fig 1). Medical history included injuries to the skull and extremities in an automobile accident seven years prior to admission. The patient recovered uneventfully from these injuries. The remainder of the history, results of physical examination, and findings of routine laboratory studies were normal. <h3>Discussion</h3> Dr. Laurence L. Robbins: Dr. Hanelin, would you discuss this case? Dr. Joseph Hanelin: The significant finding is abnormal calcification in the slightly dilated aortic arch. The remainder of the chest appears normal, although I am somewhat concerned with the descending aorta; it seems slightly dilated. Dr. Robbins: Do you see any rib notching? Dr. Hanelin: There is no rib notching, and the heart size is normal. Was there a murmur? Dr. Benedict: There was no
Mortality Probability Models (MPM II) based on an international cohort of intensive care unit patients
Authors: S. Lemeshow
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To revise and update models in the Mortality Probability Model (MPM II) system to estimate the probability of hospital mortality among 19124 intensive care unit (ICU) patients that can be used for quality assessment within and among ICUs. <h3>Design and Setting.</h3> —Models developed and validated on consecutive admissions to adult medical and surgical ICUs in 12 countries. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 12610 patients for model development, 6514 patients for model validation. Patients younger than 18 years and burn, coronary care, and cardiac surgery patients were excluded. <h3>Outcome Measure.</h3> —Vital status at hospital discharge. <h3>Results.</h3> —The admission model, MPM<sub>0</sub>, contains 15 readily obtainable variables. In developmental and validation samples it calibrated well (goodness-of-fit tests:<i>P</i>=.623 and<i>P</i>=.327, respectively, where a high<i>P</i>value represents good fit between observed and expected values) and discriminated well (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.837 and 0.824, respectively). The 24-hour model, MPM<sub>24</sub>(developed on 10357 patients still in the ICU at 24 hours), contains five of the admission variables and eight additional variables easily ascertained at 24 hours. It also calibrated well (<i>P</i>=.764 and<sup>P</sup>=.231 in the developmental and validation samples, respectively) and discriminated well (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.844 and 0.836 in the developmental and validation samples, respectively). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Among severity systems for intensive care patients, the MPM<sub>0</sub>is the only model available for use at ICU admission. Both MPM<sub>0</sub>and MPM<sub>24</sub>are useful research tools and provide important clinical information when used alone or together. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:2478-2486)
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Telephone-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia 913In this study, McCurry and colleagues compared the treatment effi cacy of telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) with menopause education control (MEC) to improve sleep in 106 perimenopausal or postmenopausal women aged 40 to 65 years reporting moderate-to-severe insomnia symptoms and 2 or more daily hot fl ashes.The cohort was randomized and assessments were conducted at baseline, 8 weeks (postintervention), and 24 weeks (follow-up).Study results showed that women receiving CBT-I had signifi cantly greater improvements in sleep than women receiving MEC at 8 and 24 weeks on multiple self-reported outcomes.There were no diff erences between groups in hot fl ash frequency or severity, but hot fl ash interference also signifi cantly decreased at 8 and 24 weeks for women who received CBT-I compared with MEC.
Tetanus
Authors: P. D. Rawlence
Journal: BMJ (1953)

Genes controlling antibacterial resistance may be important in the hygiene hypothesis, which states that lack of bacterial infections during childhood would favor development of allergic disease. We, therefore, studied whether <i>Nramp1</i> (<i>Slc11a1</i>) alleles, which determine susceptibility (<i>Nramp1</i><sup>s</sup>) or resistance (<i>Nramp1</i><sup>r</sup>) to intracellular bacteria, affect the efficacy of heat-killed <i>Mycobacterium vaccae</i> in the treatment of allergic asthma in a mouse model. Treatment of OVA-sensitized <i>Nramp1</i><sup>s</sup> mice with <i>M. vaccae</i> suppressed airway hyperresponsiveness, airway eosinophilia, Ag-specific IgE, and IL-4 and IL-5 production after OVA aerosol challenge. In contrast, <i>M. vaccae</i> hardly affected these parameters in <i>Nramp1</i><sup>r</sup> mice. In addition, The <i>Nramp1</i> gene affected both T cell-mediated responses to <i>M. vaccae</i> in vivo and the level of macrophage activation after stimulation with <i>M. vaccae</i> in vitro. In conclusion, the efficacy of <i>M. vaccae</i> in preventing allergic and asthmatic manifestations in a mouse model is strongly affected by <i>Nramp1</i> alleles. These findings could have important implications for the future use of mycobacteria and their components in the prevention or treatment of allergic asthma. A new link is described between genes, the environment, and the development of allergy, in which the <i>Nramp1</i> gene fine tunes the hygiene hypothesis.
Index to advertisers
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The leukocyte count
Authors: C. S. Hardison
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The leukocyte count is a valuable part of the laboratory evaluation of the patient. Disposable pipets which are now available provide automatic measuring and easy mixing, and results are comparable to those obtained with glass pipets.<sup>1</sup>Errors in determining the total leukocyte count vary from 7% to 20%. If the count is very high, an erythrocyte pipet should be used and the necessary correction for dilution made. Appropriate corrections must also be made when nucleated erythrocytes are present in considerable number since the nuclei of these cells are not lysed by leukocyte diluting fluids. Counts done on capillary blood may be higher by 1,000 to 1,500/cu mm than those done on venous blood. This is probably due to local stasis of leukocytes. Differential count of leukocytes is absolutely essential for proper interpretation of the total leukocyte count. The white blood count (WBC) is high shortly after birth and fluctuates
Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, July 15 to August 15, 1961
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, July 15 to August 15, 1961 Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 27, Issue 3, September 1961, Pages 711–712, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/27.3.711 Published: 01 September 1961
Physicians' obligations in radiation issues
Authors: M. K. Loken
Journal: JAMA (1987)

EVERYONE has inborn fears of the unknown, and, to many, one of these unknowns is ionizing radiation. Thus, radiation issues continue to be a matter of great public concern. In this context we, as physicians, have responsibilities in radiation matters to protect, insofar as possible, the physical and emotional health of our patients by preventing and/or minimizing the illnesses and injury that might be caused by radiation. To accomplish this goal, certain basic concepts need to be understood (Table 1). These concepts serve as the basis of this presentation. They have been considered in detail in various publications<sup>1-13</sup>and can only be highlighted here. <h3>Sources of Radiation Exposure</h3> Ionizing radiations used in the practice of medicine come from radioactive materials and from x-ray machines. Radiation to which we are exposed also comes from natural sources, such as cosmic radiation and radioactivity in building materials and soil. On the average,
Cholesterol and Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Elderly Patients
Authors: Tamara Harris
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We are concerned that busy practitioners reading the cholesterol analysis by Dr Krumholz and colleagues<sup>1</sup>and the accompanying Editorial<sup>2</sup>may be left with the impression that lipoprotein lipids are not risk factors for older people. A comprehensive review of the literature does not support this conclusion, particularly when heterogeneity of the older population is considered. Level of cholesterol in older persons reflects health status as well as diet and genetic factors, such that lower cholesterol in old age is paradoxically associated with poorer health status. Therefore, studies of healthier older persons have tended to support the cholesterol hypothesis, while studies of frailer or more mixed populations have not. When change in cholesterol was considered directly, those with the greatest declines in cholesterol had increased risk of both cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.<sup>3</sup>These findings may account for the lack of association or the inverse association
AUTHOR'S REPLY
Authors: K Citron
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Cohabiting with domestic mitesDr IH Feather and colleagues have reviewed the central role of house dust mites in the aetiology of allergic asthma (January 1993;43:5-9).In my personal series of 744 consecutive asthmatic children aged 5-15 years compiled over the years 1985-91, positive skin prick test reactions to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (ALK, Copenhagen) were nevertheless found in only 180 subjects (24%) and more often among those from rural domiciles, large families, cramped dwellings, and blue collar social classes (table ).The mite population in homes is depen- dent on the supply of food-that is, human skin scales-and air humidity.Since there is generally no shortage of the former it is the humidity that is the decisive factor for mite survival.In many regions the circumstances are ideal for mite growth, and bedrooms in particular are universally infested with mites.In Scandinavia, however, the relative humidity indoors is low during the long cold season from September to May when the houses are heated continuously, and conditions are therefore unsuitable for mites.Modern energy saving with heat insulation and poor ventilation have caused a change in the traditional indoor climate and a rapid rise in mite concentrations and hypersensitivity to mites has resulted in Stockholm,l2 but in northern Scandinavia (for example, Finland) hypersensitivity to mites still remains more or less a social problem.Crowded living conditions pro- vide a food supply for mites and an addi- tional water vapour load which together provide conditions suitable for mite sur- vival.In view of the limited efficiency of acaricides and vacuum cleaning, I agree with the opinion that the mite problem can- not be solved without a change of housing conditions in general.
Selective intra-arterial streptokinase therapy in the immediate postoperative period
Authors: L. S. Chaise
Journal: JAMA (1982)

We report successful lysis of acute arterial calf thrombosis by intra-arterial streptokinase infusion seven hours after retroperitoneal dissection and repair of an ipsilateral common femoral artery laceration. No systemic effects or complications developed. Local intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy is more effective and safer than intravenous systemic therapy and may now be considered in the immediate postoperative period, providing the drug is delivered downstream from the operative site. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:2397-2400)
In Reply:
Authors: Anders Jakobsen, Jens Nederby Nielsen, Niels Gyldenkerne, Jan Lindeberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Graziano and Kawakami ask if one polymorphism is enough in the heading.No, probably not, and therefore we analyzed the combined predictive value of thymidylate synthase (TS) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism.Their letter leaves this fact out of consideration.Graziano and Kawakami describe a number of polymorphisms and a more complicated pattern not directly related to the issue in our article.One of their articles deals with gastric cancer susceptibility 1 and not fluorouracil sensitivity.Another article was not published 2 when we submitted our paper and consequently not considered.The authors are also disappointed because we did not plan assessments of more complicated TS polymorphisms.
The Clinical Usefulness of ACTH and Cortisone
Authors: George W. Thorn, Peter H. Forsham, Thomas F. Frawley, S. Richardson Hill, Marcel Roche, Dietrich Staehelin, D. Laurence Wilson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

Diseases in Which ACTH and Cortisone May Be Useful (Continued) Regional Enteritis Astwood,25 using his preparation of ACTH, administered for nine to twenty days in doses of 20 mg. every six to eight hours, observed improvement in 4 patients with regional enteritis. The improvement was characterized by an increased appetite, weight gain, relief of abdominal pain, decreased frequency of bowel movements and improved sense of well-being. One of the 4 patients has relapsed. Pulmonary Beryllosis Browne131 reported the use of ACTH in a patient with pulmonary beryllosis who obtained partial improvement. Our experience has been limited to a thirty-two-year-old woman . . .
Medical Sectarianism
Authors: J. Dennis Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1913)

After considerable discussion, it was decided that Dr. R. T. Nichols of Liberal (the county seat) should be the person to make the race.Dr. Nichols' popularity among the people had been attested by the fact of his election as mayor, and lie had shown marked executive ability as well as much forceful- ness of character in the conduct of the city's business.Notwithstanding that the physician-candidate was a Demo¬ crat, while most of the members of the society were Republi¬ cans (Seward County is strongly Republican), they stood together "as one man" and succeeded in electing him.Hut the Story does not end here: The doc-tors agreed not only that they would work for his election, which they did most heartily, but also that (hey would I urn bae-k all of his patients on his rel urn from the legislature and pay him a per diem bonus as well while In-was in attendance at the capital.Dr. Nichols made-his maiden speech the oilier clay ill the House, defeating the schemes of the enemies of the Kansas Food and Drugs Law by causing the untimely death of House Hill 7(1.This bill called for the reorganization of the Stale Board of Health,.replacing the majority of the physicians on the board with laymen who are interested in the manufacture am! sabof food and drugs.Incidentally, it might be remarked that Hie present Democratic governor (who won his election by a majority of 2(1 votes) was elected by the physicians of Kansas, 85 per cent, of whom voted for him as against, the
International Symposium on Radiosensitizers and Radioprotective Drugs
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1963)

International Symposium on Radiosensitizers and Radioprotective Drugs Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 30, Issue 5, May 1963, Page 1092, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/30.5.1092 Published: 01 May 1963
HYPNOTISM AS A MORAL FORCE.
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cubital tunnel syndrome
Authors: C. B. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome in 118 patients were mainly those of muscular atrophy, but they also included sensory disturbances in the ring and little fingers and pain in the ulnar side of the forearm. The syndrome occurs equally in men and women, with no particular age preference in adults. Seven tests are useful in diagnosing the condition. Treatment consists of excising the band, which constricts the ulnar nerve at the elbow. Sensory recovery is usually complete, but muscular atrophy may not recover in older patients. In my series of 561 nerve decompressions, ulnar nerve decompression was carried out eight times more often at the elbow than at the wrist. (<i>JAMA</i>241:801-802, 1979)