tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Isolation, Purification, and Characterization of a Mouse Plasmacytoma Cell Surface Glycoprotein Involved in the Resistance of the Tumor Cells to Immune Destruction&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Rosenstein, Yvonne, Theelen, Marga, Sánchez, Irma, Celis, Esteban
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Journal Article Isolation, Purification, and Characterization of a Mouse Plasmacytoma Cell Surface Glycoprotein Involved in the Resistance of the Tumor Cells to Immune Destruction Get access Yvonne Rosenstein, Yvonne Rosenstein Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marga Theelen, Marga Theelen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Irma Sánchez, Irma Sánchez Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Esteban Celis Esteban Celis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 74, Issue 3, March 1985, Pages 609–616, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/74.3.609 Published: 01 March 1985 Article history Received: 06 May 1983 Revision received: 24 August 1984 Accepted: 17 September 1984 Published: 01 March 1985
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

PBRM1 Mutations and Immune Checkpoint TherapyMolecular predictors of response to anti-PD-1 therapy are lacking.Two independent approaches (whole exome sequencing and a genetic screen) demonstrated that mutations in PBRM1 or other alterations in SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex members (PBAF subtype) correlated with response in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and could sensitize to checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma preclinically.In RCC, PBRM1 mutations correlated with response to monotherapy or combination immune checkpoint therapy (1), while inactivation of PBAF complex members (Pbrm1, Arid2, Brd7) increased antitumor T-cell cytotoxicity and sensitized to immune checkpoint therapy in melanoma preclinically (2).Expert Commentary: These studies provide the first molecular markers of response to immune checkpoint therapy and may have significant impact on patient selection.
Aspergillus Lobar Pneumonia
Authors: Robert C. Young
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Eight patients had lobar pneumonia caused by<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>. Dense lobar consolidation suggested a pneumonitis caused by specific bacterial agents. Hemorrhagic, necrotizing lobar pneumonia was characteristic of this type of aspergillosis, and 6 (75%) of the patients had pulmonary vascular invasion with resultant thrombosis, infarction, and hemorrhage. Clinical symptoms were consistent with pathological findings, and pleuritic chest pain, cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis often mimicked pulmonary embolism. Factors predisposing to fungal pneumonias are felt to be hematopoietic malignancy, leukopenia, chemotherapy, and therapy with antibiotics and corticosteroids.
MEDICAL EDUCATION IN LONDON
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Authors: Edward H. Shortliffe
Journal: JAMA (1983)

At a time when laboratory and personal computers are appearing increasingly in medical settings, it is intriguing to imagine the ways in which computing technology may evolve in the decades ahead. Professor Peter Szolovits of the Clinical Decision Making Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Laboratory of Computer Science has edited a well-written collection of papers that describes early work in the development of consultation systems for use by physicians. The book's six chapters are drawn from a series of presentations on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) given at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1979. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the computer science field that deals with the representation and manipulation of symbolic concepts. The techniques are often modeled after cognitive processes and are to be distinguished from conventional mathematical or statistical computing. Despite the three-year lapse since the papers were originally
Urinary Care Unit (UCU)
Authors: Samuel Vee
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> There is much ado about coronary care units. No one would dispute their life-saving potential. But, the wide publicity accorded these establishments tends to obscure other less dramatic developments in the realm of public-health-care-and-comfort-delivery, such as the urinary care units (UCU), which have been in operation in our town for well over a year. We have set up these units at strategic corners of our business district and in a few suburban shopping centers. Not to be confused with the Parisian kiosk or the traditional Calcutta "catheter clinic," nor with "rest" rooms wherein neither the elderly victim of prostatism nor the young sufferer from stricture finds rest, the urinary care unit provides comfort, first aid, and psychotherapy. The units are well equipped with catheters, sounds, and dilators, and are staffed with competent nurses well trained in providing immediate relief, comfort, and psychiatric reassurance. A modest fee of
Quantitative sequential coronary angiography.
Authors: H Buchwald
Journal: Circulation (1993)

I read with interest the recent article by Lichtlen and col- leagues.'I am a great proponent of the development of an international system for quantitative sequential coronary angiography, with a substantial degree of accuracy and repeatability.The clinical and research implications of such a method are vast.At the same time, I must point out to Dr Lichtlen and associates that human panel readings have been the accepted standard of reference for sequential arteriographic readings.Furthermore, the panel readings used in CLAS and in POSCH have been the only method to be documented in a randomized, controlled clinical trial as statistically valid surrogate end points for clinical events.2There is no documented basis for the authors' introductory statement in which they refer to quantitative coronary angiography as the approach that ". ..yields a higher accuracy when comparing the two angiograms years apart than subjective estimates based on score systems.
TiO<sub>2</sub>nanoparticles abrogate the protective effect of the Crohn’s disease-associated variation within the PTPN22 gene locus
Authors: Marlene Schwarzfischer, Anna Niechcial, Kristina Handler, Yasser Morsy, Marcin Wawrzyniak, Andrea S Laimbacher, Kirstin Atrott, Roberto Manzini, Katharina Baebler, Larissa Hering, Egle Katkeviciutė, Janine Häfliger, Silvia Lang, Maja E Keller, Jérôme Woodtli, Lisa Eisenbeiss, Thomas Kraemer, Elisabeth M Schraner, Mahesa Wiesendanger, Sebastian Zeissig, Gerhard Rogler, Andreas E Moor, Michael Scharl, Marianne R Spalinger
Journal: Gut (2022)

Objective Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial condition driven by genetic and environmental risk factors. A genetic variation in the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene has been associated with autoimmune disorders while protecting from the IBD subtype Crohn’s disease. Mice expressing the murine orthologous PTPN22-R619W variant are protected from intestinal inflammation in the model of acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. We previously identified food-grade titanium dioxide (TiO 2 , E171) as a neglected IBD risk factor. Here, we investigate the interplay of the PTPN22 variant and TiO 2 -mediated effects during IBD pathogenesis. Design Acute DSS colitis was induced in wild-type and PTPN22 variant mice (PTPN22-R619W) and animals were treated with TiO 2 nanoparticles during colitis induction. Disease-triggering mechanisms were investigated using bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing. Results In mice, administration of TiO 2 nanoparticles abrogated the protective effect of the variant, rendering PTPN22-R619W mice susceptible to DSS colitis. In early disease, cytotoxic CD8 + T-cells were found to be reduced in the lamina propria of PTPN22-R619W mice, an effect reversed by TiO 2 administration. Normalisation of T-cell populations correlated with increased Ifng expression and, at a later stage of disease, the promoted prevalence of proinflammatory macrophages that triggered severe intestinal inflammation. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the consumption of TiO 2 nanoparticles might have adverse effects on the gastrointestinal health of individuals carrying the PTPN22 variant. This demonstrates that environmental factors interact with genetic risk variants and can reverse a protective mechanism into a disease-promoting effect.
Orthopedic Humanitarian Initiatives (Ortho HI), Inc: facilitating movement by connecting cultures
Authors: George Pujalte, Daniel P Montero
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2022)

Background: Curcumin is a food chemical present in tumeric (Curcuma longa) that has pharmacological activity to suppress carcinogenesis and inhibits multiple signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Oral curcumin has poor oral bioavailability limiting its clinical activity; however, a patent pending liposomal formulation of curcumin was developed to improve drug delivery and has demonstrated activity in multiple cancers. This study was designed to determine the minimum effective dose (MED) as well as the optimal dosing schedule of liposomal curcumin in a xenograft mouse model of human pancreatic cancer. Materials and Methods: The MED determination and optimal schedule was evaluated in female athymic nude mice injected subcutaneously with MiaPaCa-2 cells. Dosing was initiated at an average tumor size of 5mm. For the MED, mice were treated with the following dose levels of liposomal curcumin: no treatment, liposome only, 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg given by tail vein injection three times weekly for 28 days. For the optimum dosing schedule, three additional schedules were evaluated and compared to the control of three times weekly; daily (five days per week), every four days, and weekly for 28 days. All mice were weighed and tumor measurements taken three times weekly to evaluate toxicity and efficacy. Results: The 20 mg/kg dose had the greatest decrease in tumor growth at 52% decrease in tumor growth when compared to no treatment control mice. MED was determined to be 20 mg/kg and was used for the optimal dosing schedule determination. Daily dosing and three times per week dosing had greater inhibition of tumor growth with no discernable difference than once weekly or every 4 day dosing. No toxicity was observed at any dose or schedule. Conclusion: The MED for liposomal curcumin is 20 mg/kg given once daily three times per week to achieve optimal tumor growth inhibition. This was dose recommended for additional preclinical studies to define safety and tolerability of liposomal curcumin in rat and dog models.
GAB functions as a bioenergetic and signalling gatekeeper to control T cell inflammation
Authors: Siwen Kang, Lingling Liu, Tingting Wang, Matthew Cannon, Penghui Lin, Teresa W.-M. Fan, David A. Scott, Hsin-Jung Joyce Wu, Andrew N. Lane, Ruoning Wang
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2022)

γ-Aminobutyrate (GAB), the biochemical form of (GABA) γ-aminobutyric acid, participates in shaping physiological processes, including the immune response. How GAB metabolism is controlled to mediate such functions remains elusive. Here we show that GAB is one of the most abundant metabolites in CD4
Glucagon receptor antagonist volagidemab in type 1 diabetes: a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, phase 2 trial
Authors: Jeremy Pettus, Schafer C. Boeder, Mark P. Christiansen, Douglas S. Denham, Timothy S. Bailey, Halis K. Akturk, Leslie J. Klaff, Julio Rosenstock, Mickie H. M. Cheng, Bruce W. Bode, Edgar D. Bautista, Ren Xu, Hai Yan, Dung Thai, Satish K. Garg, Samuel Klein
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)
Roles of focal adhesion proteins in skeleton and diseases
Authors: Sheng Chen, Tailin He, Yiming Zhong, Mingjue Chen, Qing Yao, Di Chen, Zengwu Shao, Guozhi Xiao
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2022)

The skeletal system, which contains bones, joints, tendons, ligaments and other elements, plays a wide variety of roles in body shaping, support and movement, protection of internal organs, production of blood cells and regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism. The prevalence of skeletal diseases and disorders, such as osteoporosis and bone fracture, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and intervertebral disc degeneration, increases with age, causing pain and loss of mobility and creating a huge social and economic burden globally. Focal adhesions (FAs) are macromolecular assemblies that are composed of the extracellular matrix (ECM), integrins, intracellular cytoskeleton and other proteins, including kindlin, talin, vinculin, paxillin, pinch, Src, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and integrin-linked protein kinase (ILK) and other proteins. FA acts as a mechanical linkage connecting the ECM and cytoskeleton and plays a key role in mediating cell-environment communications and modulates important processes, such as cell attachment, spreading, migration, differentiation and mechanotransduction, in different cells in skeletal system by impacting distinct outside-in and inside-out signaling pathways. This review aims to integrate the up-to-date knowledge of the roles of FA proteins in the health and disease of skeletal system and focuses on the specific molecular mechanisms and underlying therapeutic targets for skeletal diseases.
HK1 from hepatic stellate cell–derived extracellular vesicles promotes progression of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Qi-tao Chen, Zhi-yuan Zhang, Qiao-ling Huang, Hang-zi Chen, Wen-bin Hong, Tianwei Lin, Wen-xiu Zhao, Xiao-min Wang, Cui-yu Ju, Liu-zheng Wu, Ya-ying Huang, Pei-pei Hou, Wei-jia Wang, Dawang Zhou, Xianming Deng, Qiao Wu
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2022)

Extracellular vesicles play crucial roles in intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment. Here we demonstrate that in hepatic fibrosis, TGF-β stimulates the palmitoylation of hexokinase 1 (HK1) in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which facilitates the secretion of HK1 via large extracellular vesicles in a TSG101-dependent manner. The large extracellular vesicle HK1 is hijacked by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, leading to accelerated glycolysis and HCC progression. In HSCs, the nuclear receptor Nur77 transcriptionally activates the expression of depalmitoylase ABHD17B to inhibit HK1 palmitoylation, consequently attenuating HK1 release. However, TGF-β-activated Akt functionally represses Nur77 by inducing Nur77 phosphorylation and degradation. We identify the small molecule PDNPA that binds Nur77 to generate steric hindrance to block Akt targeting, thereby disrupting Akt-mediated Nur77 degradation and preserving Nur77 inhibition of HK1 release. Together, this study demonstrates an overlooked function of HK1 in HCC upon its release from HSCs and highlights PDNPA as a candidate compound for inhibiting HCC progression.
Ultraflexible electrode arrays for months-long high-density electrophysiological mapping of thousands of neurons in rodents
Authors: Zhengtuo Zhao, Hanlin Zhu, Xue Li, Liuyang Sun, Fei He, Jason E. Chung, Daniel F. Liu, Loren Frank, Lan Luan, Chong Xie
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2022)
Haiti’s hospitals plan to close amid fuel shortages
Authors: Luke Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2022)

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality resulting from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and infections, accounting for 50% and 20%, respectively, of the total mortality in ESRD patients. It is possible that these two complications are linked to alterations in the immune system in ESRD, as uremia is associated with a state of immune dysfunction characterized by immunodepression that contributes to the high prevalence of infections among these patients, as well as by immunoactivation resulting in inflammation that may contribute to CVD. This review describes disorders of the innate and adaptive immune systems in ESRD, underlining the specific role of ESRD-associated disturbances of Toll-like receptors. Finally, based on the emerging links between the alterations of immune system, CVD, and infections in ESRD patients, it emphasizes the potential role of the immune dysfunction in ESRD as an underlying cause for the high mortality in this patient population and the need for more studies in this area.
Integrating transgender care into mainstream medicine—an essay by Guy T’Sjoen and Joz Motmans
Authors: Guy T Sjoen, Joz Motmans
Journal: BMJ (2022)

All healthcare professionals will find themselves supporting care for a transgender or gender diverse person at some point, and education and research need to be widened, write <b>Guy T'Sjoen</b> and <b>Joz Motmans</b>
Emulating the GRADE trial using real world data: retrospective comparative effectiveness study
Authors: Yihong Deng, Eric C Polley, Joshua D Wallach, Sanket S Dhruva, Jeph Herrin, Kenneth Quinto, Charu Gandotra, William Crown, Peter Noseworthy, Xiaoxi Yao, Timothy D Lyon, Nilay D Shah, Joseph S Ross, Rozalina G McCoy
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Abstract Objective To emulate the GRADE (Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study) trial using real world data before its publication. GRADE directly compared second line glucose lowering drugs for their ability to lower glycated hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c ). Design Observational study. Setting OptumLabs® Data Warehouse (OLDW), a nationwide claims database in the US, 25 January 2010 to 30 June 2019. Participants Adults with type 2 diabetes and HbA 1c 6.8-8.5% while using metformin monotherapy, identified according to the GRADE trial specifications, who also used glimepiride, liraglutide, sitagliptin, or insulin glargine. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was time to HbA 1c ≥7.0%. Secondary outcomes were time to HbA 1c &gt;7.5%, incident microvascular complications, incident macrovascular complications, adverse events, all cause hospital admissions, and all cause mortality. Propensity scores were estimated using the gradient boosting machine method, and inverse propensity score weighting was used to emulate randomization of the treatment groups, which were then compared using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results 8252 people were identified (19.7% of adults starting the study drugs in OLDW) who met eligibility criteria for the GRADE trial (glimepiride arm=4318, liraglutide arm=690, sitagliptin arm=2993, glargine arm=251). The glargine arm was excluded from analyses owing to small sample size. Median times to HbA 1c ≥7.0% were 442 days (95% confidence interval 394 to 480 days) for glimepiride, 764 (741 to not calculable) days for liraglutide, and 427 (380 to 483) days for sitagliptin. Liraglutide was associated with lower risk of reaching HbA 1c ≥7.0% compared with glimepiride (hazard ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.43 to 0.75) and sitagliptin (0.55, 0.41 to 0.73). Results were consistent for the secondary outcome of time to HbA 1c &gt;7.5%. No significant differences were observed among treatment groups for the remaining secondary outcomes. Conclusions In this emulation of the GRADE trial, liraglutide was statistically significantly more effective at maintaining glycemic control than glimepiride or sitagliptin when added to metformin monotherapy. Generating timely evidence on medical treatments using real world data as a complement to prospective trials is of value.
Dysregulation of secondary bile acid metabolism precedes islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes
Authors: Santosh Lamichhane, Partho Sen, Alex M. Dickens, Marina Amaral Alves, Taina Härkönen, Jarno Honkanen, Tommi Vatanen, Ramnik J. Xavier, Tuulia Hyötyläinen, Mikael Knip, Matej Orešič
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2022)

The gut microbiota is crucial in the regulation of bile acid (BA) metabolism. However, not much is known about the regulation of BAs during progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D). Here, we analyzed serum and stool BAs in longitudinal samples collected at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age from children who developed a single islet autoantibody (AAb) (P1Ab; n = 23) or multiple islet AAbs (P2Ab; n = 13) and controls (CTRs; n = 38) who remained AAb negative. We also analyzed the stool microbiome in a subgroup of these children. Factor analysis showed that age had the strongest impact on both BA and microbiome profiles. We found that at an early age, systemic BAs and microbial secondary BA pathways were altered in the P2Ab group compared with the P1Ab and CTR groups. Our findings thus suggest that dysregulated BA metabolism in early life may contribute to the risk and pathogenesis of T1D.