tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adolescents, Sensitive Topics, and Appropriate Access to Biomedical Prevention Research
Authors: Mary A. Ott
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:IRBs and the Protection-Inclusion Dilemma: Finding a Balance DISCLOSURE STATEMENTDr. Ott's spouse is an employee of Eli Lilly, Inc. and they are jointly small stockholders.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (award number: UL1TR002529).
Leveraging the Power of the Centralized IRB Review
Authors: Holly A. Taylor
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

"Leveraging the Power of the Centralized IRB Review." The American Journal of Bioethics, 23(6), pp. 118–119This article refers to:IRBs and the Protection-Inclusion Dilemma: Finding a Balance ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe opinions shared are are my own. Not the opinion of NIH, HHS or US Government.Additional informationFundingDr. Taylor is supported by funding from the Intramural Program, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health.
The Research Protection-Inclusion Dilemma in Pregnancy: Who is Being Protected? Who is Being Included?
Authors: Carl Terhune D'Angio, Lainie Ross
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:IRBs and the Protection-Inclusion Dilemma: Finding a Balance Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Balancing Protection and Inclusion by Including More Non-Scientist and Nonaffiliated Members on IRBs
Authors: Emily E. Anderson
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:IRBs and the Protection-Inclusion Dilemma: Finding a Balance DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Unilateral ECMO Withdrawal and the Argument From Distributive Justice
Authors: Daniel Edward Callies
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:From Bridge to Destination? Ethical Considerations Related to Withdrawal of ECMO Support over the Objections of Capacitated Patients ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe author thanks Darrel Moellendorf and Merten Reglitz for comments on earlier drafts of this commentary. The author thanks James Hynds and Joseph Raho for stimulating discussions leading to the thoughts this commentary contains.DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Researching Those in the Shadows: Undocumented Immigrants, Vulnerability, and the Significance of Research
Authors: Brian Tuohy, Jillian Jatres
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:IRBs and the Protection-Inclusion Dilemma: Finding a Balance DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
When Critically Ill Patients with Decision Making Capacity and No Further Therapeutic Options Request Indefinite Life Support
Authors: Jason N. Batten, Elizabeth Dzeng, Stuart Finder, Jacob A. Blythe, Michael Nurok
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:From Bridge to Destination? Ethical Considerations Related to Withdrawal of ECMO Support over the Objections of Capacitated Patients ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe authors thank David Magnus, PhD, for his insight that the SCCM policy statement included the conjunction "or" in its definition of inappropriate treatments, and that this created conceptual issues in the cases we describe in this commentary.Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
A Bridge to Nowhere
Authors: Seth Hollander, Danton Char
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:From Bridge to Destination? Ethical Considerations Related to Withdrawal of ECMO Support over the Objections of Capacitated Patients Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Can the Extraordinary Become Ordinary? Re-Examining the Ethics of ECMO-DT
Authors: Eric J. Kim, Jonathan M. Marron
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:From Bridge to Destination? Ethical Considerations Related to Withdrawal of ECMO Support over the Objections of Capacitated Patients DISCLOSURE STATEMENTDr. Marron has received payment for serving on the Ethics Advisory Board for Partner Therapeutics and received an honorarium for a lecture delivered to employees of Sanofi-Genzyme. Neither entity played a role in the writing of this manuscript.Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
FAPI-Negative FDG-Avid Metastatic Relapse of Breast Cancer on PET/CT
Authors: Caner Civan, Duygu Has Simsek, Emine Goknur Isik, Yasemin Sanli, Serkan Kuyumcu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

A 69-year-old woman with breast cancer underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT because of the increased CA-15-3 level. 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed multiple hypermetabolic lymph nodes (LNs) in the neck and mediastinum. The patient was also referred for 68 Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) 04 PET/CT for further evaluation. However, 18 F-FDG-avid LNs were FAPI-negative on 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT. Supraclavicular LN biopsy confirmed the metastasis of breast cancer. Recent reports have focused on the potential of FAPI PET imaging in breast cancer; however, this case highlights that false-negative 68 Ga-FAPI-04-PET/CT findings should also be considered while evaluating metastatic spread.
Orbital Radioiodine Uptake in Epithelial Conjunctival Inclusion Cyst on Scintigraphy in a Patient With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Maciej Makarewicz, Witold Skierkowski, Jacek Makarewicz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Abnormal focal accumulation of 131 I is generally a reliable indicator of differentiated thyroid cancer metastases. However, many examples of false-positive 131 I uptake were reported but only a few with orbital accumulation of radioiodine. We report the case of a 68-year-old woman with differentiated thyroid cancer who underwent thyroid remnants ablation with radioiodine. A focus of considerable 131 I uptake corresponding to a small, periorbital tumor was detected on posttherapy whole-body 131 I scan and head SPECT/CT. The tumor was surgically removed, and pathology revealed a conjunctival inclusion cyst with no features of thyroid tissue. Orbital 131 I uptake was not detected on follow-up scans.
Accumulation of 18F-FDG at Anomalous Systemic Arterial Supply to Normal Lung on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Sharjeel Usmani, Anjali Jain, Khulood Al Riyami, Javeria Munir, Sofiullah Abubakar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Anomalous systemic arterial supply to normal lung is an anatomical variant in which a portion of the lung is supplied by a systemic vessel without a distinct pulmonary sequestration. We report a case of mild to moderate accumulation of 18 F-FDG in the medial basal segment of left lung; corresponding CT images localize this uptake in the tortuous artery arising from the descending aorta with similar uptake to that of descending aorta. Findings are suggestive of anomalous systemic arterial supply to normal segments of the lung. Hybrid PET/CT allows precise anatomical localization and helps in differentiate benign mimics of disease, which can alter patient management.
Generalized Muscular Uptake of 99mTc-MDP on Bone Scan in a Patient With Scleromyxedema-Associated Myopathy
Authors: Jinzhi Chen, Xi Zhang, Qian Li, Meng Liu, Zhanli Fu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract A 62-year-old man presented with a 5-year history of progressive myasthenia, myalgia, and skin changes. Upon laboratory testing, elevated serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as monoclonal immunoglobulin Gκ, were observed. A bone scan revealed generalized muscular uptake of 99m Tc-MDP, whereas 18 F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated only mild hypermetabolism of the muscles. A muscle biopsy showed myofibrillary vacuolar degeneration, and a skin biopsy indicated scleromyxedema. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with scleromyxedema-associated myopathy.
Visualization of Intermetastatic Heterogeneity in Mixed Neuroendocrine Carcinoma–Acinar Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate by 68Ga-PSMA, 68Ga-FAPI, and 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Jiayu Cai, Weizhi Xu, Tinghua Meng, YiZhen Pang, Haojun Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Mixed neuroendocrine carcinoma-acinar carcinoma is an uncommon histological type of neuroendocrine prostate cancer. It has been rarely reported in de novo prostate malignancies. In this case, we present 68 Ga-PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen), 68 Ga-FAPI, and 18 F-FDG PET/CT findings in the de novo form of mixed large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma-acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Different levels of radiotracer uptake were observed in different metastatic sites on 68 Ga-PSMA, 68 Ga-FAPI, and 18 F-FDG PET/CT. This case demonstrates that the multitracer PET/CT strategy may be used for the noninvasive detection of the intermetastatic heterogeneity in metastatic neuroendocrine prostate cancer.
Early Detection of Gastric Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma on 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT
Authors: Huipan Liu, Feifan Xiang, Jia Deng, Kehong Li, Yue Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract 18 F-FDG PET/CT may sometimes not be an ideal imaging method for gastric adenocarcinoma. Because of the unstable physiological uptake of 18 F-FDG in the gastrointestinal tract and muscles, it may interfere with the detection of lesions. We present a case of gastric intramucosal adenocarcinoma detected by 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT in a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Renal Involvement of Immunoglobulin G4–Related Disease Presenting as a Solitary Hypermetabolic Mass Mimicking Renal Tumor on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Guilan Hu, Li Huo, Fang Li, Yaping Luo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract A 62-year-old woman with a 5-year history of diabetes insipidus was found with a solitary renal mass in contrast-enhanced CT. 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed a hypermetabolic mass in the right kidney. Besides, there was increased uptake in the pituitary stalk. The histopathological examination of renal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of immunoglobulin G4–related disease. After treatment with prednisone and cyclophosphamide, there was obvious radiographic improvement of the renal lesion.
Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy in a Patient With Transposition of Great Arteries Post–Atrial Switch Surgery
Authors: Aliaa Mohd Radzi, Ching Yeen Boey, Siti Zarina Amir Hassan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract We report a case of a 33-year-old woman who underwent stress and rest myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) to exclude coronary artery disease. MPS images showed an apparent dextrocardia with a right-sided septal wall uptake. The electrocardiograph showed a right axis deviation with dominant R waves at leads aVR and V1. Upon retrieval of the patient’s medical records, she had an underlying transposition of great arteries and underwent a Senning atrial switch surgery. Hence, the MPS images demonstrated a prominent right ventricular wall due to its function as the “systemic” ventricle with minimal uptake in the “pulmonary” left ventricle.
Risk Factors and Characteristics of Checkpoint Inhibitor–Associated Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus (CIADM): A Systematic Review and Delineation From Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Linda Wu, Venessa Tsang, Alexander M. Menzies, Sarah C. Sasson, Matteo S. Carlino, David A. Brown, Roderick Clifton-Bligh, Jenny E. Gunton
Journal: Diabetes Care (2023)

BACKGROUND Checkpoint inhibitor–associated autoimmune diabetes mellitus (CIADM) is a distinct form of autoimmune diabetes that is a rare complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Data regarding CIADM are limited. PURPOSE To systematically review available evidence to identify presentation characteristics and risk factors for early or severe presentations of adult patients with CIADM. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE and PubMed databases were reviewed. STUDY SELECTION English full text articles from 2014 to April 2022 were identified with a predefined search strategy. Patients meeting diagnostic criteria for CIADM with evidence of hyperglycemia (blood glucose level &amp;gt;11 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥6.5%) and insulin deficiency (C-peptide &amp;lt;0.4 nmol/L and/or diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA]) were included for analysis. DATA EXTRACTION With the search strategy we identified 1,206 articles. From 146 articles, 278 patients were labeled with “CIADM,” with 192 patients meeting our diagnostic criteria and included in analysis. DATA SYNTHESIS Mean ± SD age was 63.4 ± 12.4 years. All but one patient (99.5%) had prior exposure to either anti-PD1 or anti–PD-L1 therapy. Of the 91 patients tested (47.3%), 59.3% had susceptibility haplotypes for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Median time to CIADM onset was 12 weeks (interquartile range 6–24). DKA occurred in 69.7%, and initial C-peptide was low in 91.6%. T1D autoantibodies were present in 40.4% (73 of 179) and were significantly associated with DKA (P = 0.0009) and earlier time to CIADM onset (P = 0.02). LIMITATIONS Reporting of follow-up data, lipase, and HLA haplotyping was limited. CONCLUSIONS CIADM commonly presents in DKA. While T1D autoantibodies are only positive in 40.4%, they associate with earlier, more severe presentations.
Primary Hepatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor on 18F-FDG PET/CT Images
Authors: Yang Jiang, Qingqing Lu, Cen Lou, Zhongke Huang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Primary hepatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor is an extremely rare type of liver tumor with an unknown origin and poor prognosis and usually lacking specific symptoms. This makes it difficult to make an accurate diagnosis. We report the case of a 56-year-old man with primary hepatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor demonstrating multiple heterogeneous lesions with intense FDG uptake in the liver on PET/CT mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma or sarcoma. Primary hepatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor should be considered among the differential diagnoses when multiple FDG-avid primary liver neoplasms are found in patients with malignant characteristic on PET/CT imaging.
In This Issue of <i>Diabetes Care</i>
Authors: Max Bingham
Journal: Diabetes Care (2023)

Comparison of fetal abdominal circumference growth for pregnant individuals with diabetes and obesity with that for pregnant individuals without diabetes or of normal weight.Different symbols indicate the different studies from which the data are derived.van Poppel et al.Is the biphasic effect of diabetes and obesity on fetal growth a risk factor for childhood obesity?Diabetes Care 2023;46:1124-1131 Time to onset of CIADM from initial checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) commencement.
Medical colleges and unions call for inquiry over “shocking” levels of sexual assault in the NHS
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen, Adele Waters
Journal: BMJ (2023)

NHS trusts recorded more than 35 000 cases of rape, sexual assault, harassment, stalking, and abusive remarks between 2017 and 2022, but only one in 10 trusts has a dedicated policy to manage the problem. <b>Ingrid Torjesen</b> and <b>Adele Waters</b> investigate
Cardiovascular and Renal Benefits of Novel Diabetes Drugs by Baseline Cardiovascular Risk: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression
Authors: José M. Rodriguez-Valadez, Malak Tahsin, Kirsten E. Fleischmann, Umesh Masharani, Joseph Yeboah, Meyeon Park, Lihua Li, Ellerie Weber, Yan Li, Asem Berkalieva, Wendy Max, M.G. Myriam Hunink, Bart S. Ferket
Journal: Diabetes Care (2023)

BACKGROUND Eligibility for glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) has been expanded to patients with diabetes at lower cardiovascular risk, but whether treatment benefits differ by risk levels is not clear. PURPOSE To investigate whether patients with varying risks differ in cardiovascular and renal benefits from GLP-1RA and SGLT2i with use of meta-analysis and meta-regression. DATA SOURCES We performed a systematic review using PubMed through 7 November 2022. STUDY SELECTION We included reports of GLP-1RA and SGLT2i confirmatory randomized trials in adult patients with safety or efficacy end point data. DATA EXTRACTION Hazard ratio (HR) and event rate data were extracted for mortality, cardiovascular, and renal outcomes. DATA SYNTHESIS We analyzed 9 GLP-1RA and 13 SGLT2i trials comprising 154,649 patients. Summary HRs were significant for cardiovascular mortality (GLP-1RA 0.87 and SGLT2i 0.86), major adverse cardiovascular events (0.87 and 0.88), heart failure (0.89 and 0.70), and renal (0.84 and 0.65) outcomes. For stroke, efficacy was significant for GLP-1RA (0.84) but not for SGLT2i (0.92). Associations between control arm cardiovascular mortality rates and HRs were nonsignificant. Five-year absolute risk reductions (0.80–4.25%) increased to 11.6% for heart failure in SGLT2i trials in patients with high risk (Pslope &amp;lt; 0.001). For GLP1-RAs, associations were nonsignificant. LIMITATIONS Analyses were limited by lack of patient-level data, consistency in end point definitions, and variation in cardiovascular mortality rates for GLP-1RA trials. CONCLUSIONS Relative effects of novel diabetes drugs are preserved across baseline cardiovascular risk, whereas absolute benefits increase at higher risks, particularly regarding heart failure. Our findings suggest a need for baseline risk assessment tools to identify variation in absolute treatment benefits and improve decision-making.
Is the Biphasic Effect of Diabetes and Obesity on Fetal Growth a Risk Factor for Childhood Obesity?
Authors: Mireille N.M. van Poppel, Peter Damm, Elisabeth R. Mathiesen, Lene Ringholm, Cuilin Zhang, Gernot Desoye
Journal: Diabetes Care (2023)

In pregnancies of women with obesity or diabetes, neonates are often overgrown. Thus, the pregnancy period in these women offers a window of opportunity to reduce childhood obesity by preventing neonatal overgrowth. However, the focus has been almost exclusively on growth in late pregnancy. This perspective article addresses possible growth deviations earlier in pregnancy and their potential contribution to neonatal overgrowth. This narrative review focuses on six large-scale, longitudinal studies that included ∼14,400 pregnant women with at least three measurements of fetal growth. A biphasic pattern in growth deviation, including growth reduction in early pregnancy followed by overgrowth in late pregnancy, was found in fetuses of women with obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), or type 1 diabetes compared with lean women and those with normal glucose tolerance. Fetuses of women with these conditions have reduced abdominal circumference (AC) and head circumference (HC) in early pregnancy (observed between 14 and 16 gestational weeks), while later in pregnancy they present the overgrown phenotype with larger AC and HC (from approximately 30 gestational weeks onwards). Fetuses with early-pregnancy growth reduction who end up overgrown presumably have undergone in utero catch-up growth. Similar to postnatal catch-up growth, this may confer a higher risk of obesity in later life. Potential long-term health consequences of early fetal growth reduction followed by in utero catch-up growth need to be explored.
Real-Time Identification of Nodal Metastases With 99mTc–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen–Based Radioguidance and Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging in Primary Prostate Cancer Surgery—On the Road to Hybrid Image-Guided Surgery
Authors: Hilda A. de Barros, Matthias N. van Oosterom, Fijs W.B. van Leeuwen, Henk G. van der Poel, Pim J. van Leeuwen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Recent developments in image-guided prostate cancer surgery focus on extending prostate-specific membrane antigen-directed radioguidance with optical tumor detection using fluorescence, as radio- and fluorescence signals complement each other with in-depth detection and real-time visualization, respectively. As a step in this direction, we report here the integration of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging into a 99m Tc-prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted radioguided surgery workflow.
Cerebellar Hypermetabolism in a Hodgkin Lymphoma Leads to Diagnosis of Paucisymptomatic Cryptococcus neoformans Meningitis
Authors: Eef Vanerwegen, Niloefar Ahmadi Bidakhvidi, Vibeke K. J. Vergote, Ann Janssens, Christophe M. Deroose
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Malignancy-associated cerebellar hypermetabolism on [ 18 F]FDG PET/CT has 2 major causes: paraneoplastic autoimmune encephalitis and neoplasias (leptomeningeal/cerebellar metastases and primary cerebellar tumors). We present the case of a 33-year-old man with a newly diagnosed Hodgkin lymphoma and mere episodical headache, unexpectedly displaying intense cerebellar hypermetabolism on his staging [ 18 F]FDG PET/CT. Both neurolymphomatosis and paraneoplastic subacute cerebellar degeneration were ruled out by clinical presentation, MR, and repeated lumbar punctures. Instead, cerebrospinal fluid analysis unveiled a Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis, highlighting the possibility of paucisymptomatic central nervous system infections as differential diagnosis in malignancy-related cerebellar hypermetabolism in addition to (para)neoplastic causes.
Peritoneal and Nodal Gliomatosis Mimicking Metastasis on FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Ovarian Immature Teratoma
Authors: Sang Mi Lee, Min Chul Choi, Jeong Won Lee, Taehoen Kim, Su Jin Jang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Peritoneal and nodal gliomatosis is a rare disease condition characterized by implants of mature glial tissue on the peritoneum and lymph nodes. It is typically associated with teratoma and has no adverse effect on prognosis. We present a case of 22-year-old woman who underwent FDG PET/CT for the staging of ovarian immature teratoma. PET/CT revealed mildly increased FDG uptake in the peritoneal cavity and increased FDG uptake in the internal mammary and cardiophrenic angle lymph nodes, which were histopathologically diagnosed as peritoneal and nodal gliomatosis. This case suggests that PET/CT findings of peritoneal and nodal gliomatosis could mimic metastasis.
The Divergence of Technical and Human Teleology
Authors: Roxanne E. Kirsch
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:From Bridge to Destination? Ethical Considerations Related to Withdrawal of ECMO Support over the Objections of Capacitated Patients Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
The Protection-Inclusion Dilemma: A Global Distributive Justice Perspective
Authors: Eman Ahmed
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

"The Protection-Inclusion Dilemma: A Global Distributive Justice Perspective." The American Journal of Bioethics, 23(6), pp. 120–121This article refers to:IRBs and the Protection-Inclusion Dilemma: Finding a Balance Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.