tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Self‐Delivering Nanodrugs Developed via Small‐Molecule‐Directed Assembly and Macrophage Cloaking for Sonodynamic‐Augmented Immunotherapy
Authors: Fang Xie, Zongjunlin Liu, Peiyuan Wang, Meimei Cai, Yang Li, Jianghua Yan, Qin Lin, Fanghong Luo
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Adv. Healthcare Mater. 2022, 11, 2102770 https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202102770 In the original version of this article, the affiliations were in the wrong order. The correct affiliations should be in the following order: Z. Liu, J. Yan, F. Luo Cancer Research Center School of Medicine Xiamen University Xiamen 361000, P. R. China E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] P. Wang, Y. Li Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China E-mail: [email protected] F. Xie, M. Cai, Q. Lin Department of Radiation Oncology Xiamen Cancer Center Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University School of Medicine Xiamen University Xiamen 361000, P. R. China E-mail: [email protected] The editorial office apologizes for any inconvenience caused.
Low‐Temperature Printed Hierarchically Porous Induced‐Biomineralization Polyaryletherketone Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 18/2022)
Authors: Xinshuai Gao, Honghua Wang, Shifang Luan, Guangyuan Zhou
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Bone Tissue Engineering In article 2200977 by Honghua Wang, Shifang Luan, and co-workers, a simple strategy is introduced to fabricate a hierarchically porous poly(aryletherketone) scaffold via low-temperature 3D printing, using newly synthesized amorphous poly(aryletherketone) containing carboxyl groups. The nanoporous surface of the scaffold is conducive to promote cellular adhesion and carboxyl groups can induce hydroxyapatite mineralization, which leads to better osseointegration in vivo.
Risk for Mood, Anxiety, and Psychotic Disorders in Individuals at High and Low Genetic Liability for Bipolar Disorder and Major Depression
Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Henrik Ohlsson, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2022)

The nature of the genetic relationship between major depression and bipolar disorder remains unclear and might be clarified by considering disorders outside of the mood spectrum.To better understand the relationship between genetic liabilities for major depression (MD) and bipolar disorder (BD).A cohort study was conducted with data for individuals born in Sweden to Swedish parents from 1960 to 1990, with follow-up through December 31, 2018. The data included family genetic risk scores for MD and BD and International Classification of Diseases codes for a range of disorders as reported in primary care, specialist, and hospital registries. Data analysis was conducted from April 2022 to July 2022.High and low genetic liability were defined as being in the upper and lower 2 risk deciles. Risk was compared in individuals at high genetic liability to (1) MD only, (2) BD only, and (3) both MD and BD and those at (4) high genetic liability to BD and low genetic liability to MD and (5) high genetic liability to MD and low genetic liability to BD.Risk for nonpsychotic MD and BD, psychotic MD and BD, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizoaffective disorder (SAD), schizophrenia, and other nonaffective psychosis.Data were included for 2 736 950 individuals with a mean (SD) age at follow-up of 43.9 (9.1) years. High genetic liability to only BD increased risk for nonpsychotic BD, psychotic BD, and SAD. High genetic liability to only MD augmented risk for nonpsychotic MD, anxiety disorders, and nonpsychotic BD. High genetic liability to both BD and MD had the strongest association with risk for nonpsychotic BD, anxiety disorders, and nonpsychotic MD. High genetic liability to BD and low genetic liability to MD increased risk for psychotic BD, nonpsychotic BD, and SAD with no increased risk for nonpsychotic MD or anxiety disorders. High genetic liability to MD and low genetic liability to BD increased risk for nonpsychotic MD, nonpsychotic BD, and anxiety disorders with no increased risk for psychotic BD.In this study, hypotheses that BD and MD are either genetically distinct or genetically closely interrelated were not supported. Both BD and MD were associated with a genetic vulnerability to mood disorders, but even that liability was partially selective. However, compared with individuals at high liability to MD, those at elevated genetic liability for BD had a substantially increased risk for psychosis. Compared with individuals at elevated genetic liability to BD, those at high genetic risk for MD had a considerably augmented risk for anxiety disorders. Clarifying genetic relationships between psychiatric syndromes can be substantially aided by the consideration of profiles of risk for a range of disorders.
Interleukin‐33 facilitates liver regeneration through serotonin‐involved gut‐liver axis
Authors: Yankai Wen, Christoph Emontzpohl, Long Xu, Constance L. Atkins, Jong‐Min Jeong, Yang Yang, Kangho Kim, Chuan Wu, Shizuo Akira, Cynthia Ju
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Background and Aims: Insufficient liver regeneration causes post‐hepatectomy liver failure and small‐for‐size syndrome. Identifying therapeutic targets to enhance hepatic regenerative capacity remains urgent. Recently, increased IL‐33 was observed in patients undergoing liver resection and in mice after partial hepatectomy (PHx). The present study aims to investigate the role of IL‐33 in liver regeneration after PHx and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms. Approach and Results: We performed PHx in IL‐33 −/− , suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) −/− , and wild‐type control mice, and found deficiency of IL‐33 or its receptor ST2 delayed liver regeneration. The insufficient liver regeneration could be normalized in IL‐33 −/− but not ST2 −/− mice by recombinant murine IL‐33 administration. Furthermore, we observed an increased level of serotonin in portal blood from wild‐type mice, but not IL‐33 −/− or ST2 −/− mice, after PHx. ST2 deficiency specifically in enterochromaffin cells recapitulated the phenotype of delayed liver regeneration observed in ST2 −/− mice. Moreover, the impeded liver regeneration in IL‐33 −/− and ST2 −/− mice was restored to normal levels by the treatment with (±)‐2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐iodoamphetamine, which is an agonist of the 5‐hydroxytrytamine receptor (HTR)2A. Notably, in vitro experiments demonstrated that serotonin/HTR2A‐induced hepatocyte proliferation is dependent on p70S6K activation. Conclusions: Our study identified that IL‐33 is pro‐regenerative in a noninjurious model of liver resection. The underlying mechanism involved IL‐33/ST2‐induced increase of serotonin release from enterochromaffin cells to portal blood and subsequent HTR2A/p70S6K activation in hepatocytes by serotonin. The findings implicate the potential of targeting the IL‐33/ST2/serotonin pathway to reduce the risk of post‐hepatectomy liver failure and small‐for‐size syndrome.
Scalable Formation of Highly Viable and Functional Hepatocellular Carcinoma Spheroids in an Oxygen‐Permeable Microwell Device for Anti‐Tumor Drug Evaluation (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 18/2022)
Authors: Jianyu He, Chang Zhou, Xiaolei Xu, Zhenzhen Zhou, Mathieu Danoy, Marie Shinohara, Wenjin Xiao, Dong Zhu, Xiuying Zhao, Xiaobin Feng, Yilei Mao, Wei Sun, Yasuyuki Sakai, Huayu Yang, Yuan Pang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Anti-Tumor Drug Screening In article 2200863 by Huayu Yang, Yuan Pang, and co-workers, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based oxygen-permeable microwell device is introduced for generating highly viable and functional hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) spheroids. The PDMS sheets of the microwell device provide high flux oxygen and function like in vivo neighboring hepatic sinusoids in terms of oxygen supply. The generated spheroids can be used as a favorable model mimicking early-stage avascular HCCs for high-throughput drug screening.
Small wards in the ICU: a favorable measure for controlling the transmission of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Xiaohui Chi, Xiaohua Meng, Luying Xiong, Tao Chen, Yanzi Zhou, Jinru Ji, Beiwen Zheng, Yonghong Xiao
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2022)

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is one of the leading causes of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and is particularly pervasive in intensive care units (ICUs). This study takes ICU layout as the research object, and integrates clinical data and bacterial genome analysis to clarify the role of separate, small wards within the ICU in controlling the transmission of CRKP.This study prospectively observed the carriage and spread of CRKP from a long-term in-hospital patient (hereafter called the Patient) colonized with CRKP in the gut and located in a separate, small ward within the ICU. The study also retrospectively investigated CRKP-HAIs in the same ICU. The relationship and transmission between CRKP isolates from the Patient and HAI events in the ICU were explored with comparative genomics.In this study, 65 CRKP-HAI cases occurred during the investigation period. Seven CRKP-HAI outbreaks were also observed. A total of 95 nonrepetitive CRKP isolates were collected, including 32 strains from the Patient in the separate small ward. Phylogenetic analysis based on core genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (cgSNP) showed that there were five possible CRKP clonal transmission events and two clonal outbreaks (A1, A2) during the study. CRKP strains from the Patient did not cause CRKP between-patient transmission or outbreaks in the ICU during the 5-year study period.The presence of a long-term hospitalized patient carrying CRKP and positioned in a separate, small ward did not lead to CRKP transmission or infection outbreaks in the ICU. Combining a small-ward ICU layout with normative HAI control measures for multidrug-resistant pathogen infection was effective in reducing CRKP transmission.
Incidence of Dermatomyositis in a Nationwide Cohort Study of US Veterans
Authors: Caitlin M. Bolender, Amber Jimenez, Jennie T. Clarke, Tina M. Willson, Vanessa W. Stevens, Jamie L. W. Rhoads
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

This cohort study evaluates the incidence of dermatomyositis and its trend over time in the US Department of Veterans Affairs health care system.
Association of Donors With US Public Health Service Risk Criteria and Outcomes After Adult vs Pediatric Cardiac Transplant
Authors: Danielle S. Burstein, Joseph W. Rossano, JoAnn Lindenfeld, Kelly H. Schlendorf, Nhue Do, Justin Godown, Matthew J. O’Connor, Katsuhide Maeda, Jonathan B. Edelson, Kimberly Y. Lin, Jeremy A. Mazurek, Shelley R. Scholl, Jonathan N. Menachem
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2022)

The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) evaluates donor risk for acute transmission of HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C based on US Public Health Services (PHS)-specific criteria. However, recent data regarding use and outcomes of those donors with PHS risk criteria among pediatric and adult heart transplant recipients are lacking.
Baby Steps—Measuring Pediatric Trauma System Performance
Authors: Brendan T. Campbell, Holly Michaels, Nilda M. Garcia
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Users' Guides to the Medical Literature
Authors: Gordon H. Guyatt
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Medical practice is constantly changing. The rate of change is accelerating, and physicians can be forgiven if they often find it dizzying. How can physicians learn about new information and innovations, and decide how (if at all) they should modify their practice? Possible sources include summaries from the medical literature (review articles, practice guidelines, consensus statements, editorials, and summary articles in "throwaway" journals); consultation with colleagues who have special expertise; lectures; seminars; advertisements in medical journals; conversations with representatives from pharmaceutical companies; and original articles in journals and journal supplements. Each of these sources of information might be valuable, though each is subject to its own particular biases.<sup>1,2</sup>Problems arise when, as is often the case, these sources of information provide different suggestions about patient care. See also p 2093. Without a way of critically appraising the information they receive, clinicians are relatively helpless in deciding what new information
The Emerging Genetic Diversity of HIV
Authors: Dale J. Hu
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The discovery of highly divergent strains of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) not reliably detected by a number of commonly used diagnostic tests has underscored the need for effective surveillance to track HIV variants and to direct research and prevention activities. Pathogens such as HIV that mutate extensively present significant challenges to effective monitoring of pathogens and to disease control. To date, relatively few systematic large-scale attempts have been made to characterize and sequence HIV isolates. For most of the world, including the United States, information on the distribution of HIV strains among different population groups is limited. We describe herein the implications resulting from the rapid evolution of HIV and the need for systematic surveillance integrated with laboratory science and applied research. General surveillance guidelines are provided to assist in identifying population groups for screening, in applying descriptive epidemiology and systematic sampling, and in developing and evaluating efficient laboratory testing algorithms. Timely reporting and dissemination of data is also an important element of surveillance efforts. Ultimately, the success of a global surveillance network depends on collaboration and on coordination of clinical, laboratory, and epidemiologic efforts. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;275:210-216)
A 30-Year Follow-Up of the Dallas Bed Rest and Training Study
Authors: Darren K. McGuire, Benjamin D. Levine, Jon W. Williamson, Peter G. Snell, C. Gunnar Blomqvist, Bengt Saltin, Jere H. Mitchell
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background — Aerobic power declines with age. The degree to which this decline is reversible remains unclear. In a 30-year longitudinal follow-up study, the cardiovascular adaptations to exercise training in 5 middle-aged men previously trained in 1966 were evaluated to assess the degree to which the age-associated decline in aerobic power is attributable to deconditioning and to gain insight into the specific mechanisms involved. Methods and Results — The cardiovascular response to acute submaximal and maximal exercise were assessed before and after a 6-month endurance training program. On average, V̇ o 2max increased 14% (2.9 versus 3.3 L/min), achieving the level observed at the baseline evaluations 30 years before. Likewise, V̇ o 2max increased 16% when indexed to total body mass (31 versus 36 mL/kg per minute) or fat-free mass (44 versus 51 mL/kg fat-free mass per minute). Maximal heart rate declined (181 versus 171 beats/min) and maximal stroke volume increased (121 versus 129 mL) after training, with no change in maximal cardiac output (21.4 versus 21.7 L/min); submaximal heart rates also declined to a similar degree. Maximal AVD o 2 increased by 10% (13.8 versus 15.2 vol%) and accounted for the entire improvement of aerobic power associated with training. Conclusions — One hundred percent of the age-related decline in aerobic power among these 5 middle-aged men occurring over 30 years was reversed by a 6-month endurance training program. However, no subject achieved the same maximal V̇ o 2 attained after training 30 years earlier, despite a similar relative training load. The improved aerobic power after training was primarily the result of peripheral adaptation, with no effective improvement in maximal oxygen delivery.
Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease and Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels
Authors: William P. Castelli
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The first report from the Framingham Study that demonstrated an inverse relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) was based on four years of surveillance. These participants, aged 49 to 82 years, have now been followed up for 12 years, and this report shows that the relationship between the fasting HDL-C level and subsequent incidence of CHD does not diminish appreciably with time. Since a second measurement of HDL-C is available eight years after the initial determination, the relationship of HDL-C measurements on the same subjects at two points in time is examined. This second HDL-C measurement is also used in a multivariate model that includes cigarette smoking, relative weight, alcohol consumption, casual blood glucose, total cholesterol, and blood pressure. It is concluded that even after these adjustments, nonfasting HDL-C and total cholesterol levels are related to development of CHD in both men and women aged 49 years and older. Study participants at the 80th percentile of HDL-C were found to have half the risk of CHD developing when compared with subjects at the 20th percentile of HDL-C. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:2835-2838)
Health Promotion at Work
Authors: David Brodie, Lyndsay Dugdill
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1993)

This study examined health promotion intervention amongst council employees and determined the extent that any changes were subsequently maintained. The results showed that even with modest intervention, beneficial changes were observed in alcohol consumption, diastolic blood pressure, body mass, waist/hips ratio, body fat, aerobic capacity and arm strength. Behavioural measures tended not to change, but this could be a consequence of unfocused questioning or insufficient intensity of the health promotion activities. The sickness and absenteeism rates improved during the intervention and maintenance phases, making a strong case for health promotion from the employer's perspective. A critique of the experimental procedure suggested that the testing venue, the methods of obtaining consent, the continuity of subjects, initial attitudes, the intensity of the intervention and the project delivery were all features that would contribute to a successful outcome.
Penciclovir Cream for the Treatment of Herpes Simplex Labialis
Authors: Spotswood L. Spruance
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To compare the safety and efficacy of topical 1% penciclovir cream with vehicle control cream (placebo) for the treatment of a recurrent episode of herpes simplex labialis (cold sores) in immunocompetent patients. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, patient-initiated, 2-armed, parallel clinical trial. Patients were prospectively dispensed study medication, and treatment was self-initiated by the patient within 1 hour of the first sign or symptom of a recurrence. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A total of 31 ambulatory clinics in the United States in a variety of settings, including private practices, public health facilities, and universities. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Otherwise healthy individuals with a history of frequent episodes of herpes simplex labialis. A total of 2209 patients were enrolled and given study medication, and 1573 initiated treatment for a recurrence. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Topical 1% penciclovir cream or vehicle control cream. Subjects applied treatment every 2 hours while awake for 4 consecutive days. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Lesion healing was the primary efficacy variable. Secondary end points included time to loss of lesion pain and time to cessation of viral shedding. <h3>Results.</h3> —Healing of classical lesions (vesicles, ulcers, and/or crusts) was 0.7 day faster for penciclovir-treated patients compared with those who received vehicle control cream (median, 4.8 days vs 5.5 days; hazard ratio [HR], 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-1.49;<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Pain (median, 3.5 days vs 4.1 days; HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.09-1.36;<i>P</i>&lt;.001) and lesion virus shedding (median, 3 days vs 3 days; HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.10-1.64;<i>P</i>=.003) also resolved more quickly for penciclovir-treated patients compared with patients who applied the vehicle control. The efficacy of penciclovir cream was apparent when therapy was initiated early (prodrome or erythema lesion stage) and when initiated late (papule or vesicle stage). The incidence of adverse events was comparable between penciclovir and placebo groups. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Penciclovir cream is the first treatment to clearly demonstrate an impact on the course of recurrent herpes labialis in immunocompetent patients. Efficacy was seen in all clinical and laboratory measures of the disease (lesion healing, pain resolution, and cessation of viral shedding). Faster healing and pain resolution occurred both among patients who first applied penciclovir cream in the prodrome and erythema stages and among those who started treatment in the papule and vesicle lesion stages.