tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Text-Book of Clinical Anatomy. For Students and Practitioners.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Some autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens appear in the sera of cancer patients, even at early disease stage. In this study, Wu and colleagues developed an autoantibody signature for the diagnosis of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). They demonstrated that the signature had greater than 92% sensitivity and specificity for discriminating between patients with NSCLC and matched healthy controls, suggesting that this autoantibody signature is a promising noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for NSCLC. However, chemotherapy significantly reduced the immunoreactivity of the autoantibodies, and the signature was not associated with patient prognosis.The phosphatidylinositol 3′ kinase (PI3K) pathway is widely activated in human cancer, and a key to developing PI3K inhibitors will be identification of responsive patients. O'Brien and colleagues used a panel of breast cancer cell lines and xenografted tumors to demonstrate high activity of the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 in luminal and HER2- amplified models. They found that PIK3CA mutations and HER2 amplification were specific biomarkers of response to GDC-0941. Further, the authors describe a gene expression signature associated with differential sensitivity to GDC- 0941 and pathway activation that may have utility in identifying additional responsive patients without obvious pathway alterations.The most common preclinical models of pancreatic adenocarcinoma utilize immunodeficient hosts. Immunocompetent, genetically engineered models exist, but have highly variable tumor latency and disease progression. Using tumor cells with targeted Kras and p53 mutations, Tseng and colleagues developed a rapid and predictable orthotopic model of invasive pancreatic cancer in immunocompetent mice that closely mimics human disease. Analysis of tumor cellular infiltrates highlighted both the complexity and relevance of the immune response to invasive pancreatic cancer. This model should lead to an improved understanding of pancreatic cancer biology and be useful for the preclinical evaluation of new therapeutic agents.Single-cell network profiling (SCNP) using flow cytometry allows the simultaneous characterization of a range of critical cellular processes. Using two sequential training cohorts, Kornblau and colleagues applied SCNP to perform a comprehensive analysis of modulated JAK/STAT and PI3 kinase pathways and apoptosis signaling in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts. They identified signaling profiles (distinct from other known prognostic factors such as age, secondary AML, and cytogenetics) that correlated with disease response to AML standard induction chemotherapy. These findings demonstrate that SCNP can be used to characterize AML based on single patient disease biology and suggest the assay could be valuable in guiding clinical decision making.
Dietary Factors and the Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Dietary factors in the etiology of ovarian cancer were investigated with the use of data from a case-control study conducted in Northern Italy on 455 histologically confirmed epithelial carcinomas and 1,385 control subjects in the hospital for acute conditions unrelated to any of the known or potential risk factors for cancer of the ovary. Women with ovarian cancer reported significantly elevated frequency of consumption of meat [relative risk (RR) = 1.6 for ≥7 vs. <4 portions/wk], ham (RR = 1.9 for ≥4 vs. <2 portions/wk), and higher subjective scores of fat intake (RR=2.1 for highest vs. lowest scores), particularly butter. In contrast, consumptions of fish, green vegetables, carrots, and wholemeal bread or pasta were less frequent in cases; the corresponding risk estimates for highest versus lowest frequencies ranged between 0.6 and 0.8. These results were not materially modified by adjustment for indicators of socioeconomic status, parity, and other identified determinants of ovarian cancer. No relation emerged between alcohol consumption and ovarian cancer risk. The present study provides interesting indications that help to explain the considerable variations in ovarian cancer rates in different populations and, if confirmed, could, in principle, have important public health implications. Due caution, however, is required in interpreting the present results because of the limitations of available information and of the uncertainties of other published material concerning diet and ovarian cancer.
The Keepers of the Bed
Authors: Vincent J. Derbes
Journal: JAMA (1970)

I have chosen the phrase "keepers of the bed" to indicate eunuchs, for it is a literal translation of the word which comes from the Greek<i>eune</i>, bed, and<i>echein</i>, to hold or keep. Partial or complete excision of man's genitalia, castration, eviration, or eunuchism, is the most cruel of all mutilations and not the least practiced. According to ancient tradition the knowledge of castration was obtained from an animal, the castor or beaver, who practiced it upon himself when being hunted, abandoning his testicles rather than allowing himself to be captured. The Romans formed the word<i>castorare</i>, to act like the castor, and modified it slightly to<i>castrare</i>. The organs of generation were regarded as sacred and noble, a symbol of divine power; one swore by them, and on swearing an oath to someone, he placed his hand on the testes. In the<i>Bible</i>the euphemism for testicles is
Epidemiology of Survival From Cancer of the Cervix&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Saxon Graham, Ph.D., Roger L. Priore, Sc.D., Edmund F. Schuelle, M.D., William Burnett, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

A study was made of the survival, after treatment, of the 3,573 women with cancer of the cervix in the counties of New York State, excluding those in and around New York City, from 1959-63. We were interested in discovering whether there were differences in the proportion surviving 5 years among patients treated in various kinds of hospitals and by different types of physicians. Since survival varied substantially by age of patient and her socioeconomic status, our analyses were adjusted statistically for these factors. Through the use of the New York State Cancer Registry and our auxiliary case-finding procedures, we secured almost all cases of cancer diagnosed during the study period. We completed follow-up to determine present status of patients in all but 0.3%. Our reliability checks of a sample of the pathologic diagnoses done in hospitals throughout the State, conducted by the study pathologist, showed good agreement. A reassessment of a 10% random sample of our staging showed 97.3% agreement. Survival from disease in advanced stages was beHer in patients treated by gynecologists and surgeons and by doctors who had treated many such patients. Survival was greatly enhanced in the early stages of disease. This argues for better screening, especially in high-risk populations.
Trials Test New Biologic, Old Therapeutic Concept
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1986)

TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF) is the most recent biologic response modifier to reach clinical trials in cancer therapy. Yet it is the direct descendant of one of the earliest attempts to provoke an antitumor immune response. The rationale for therapy with TNF—a protein secreted by macrophages challenged by bacterial endotoxins—dates to the late 1800s, when physicians noticed that cancer patients who had spontaneous tumor regression often also had bacterial infections. In 1893, a New York city physician, William Coley, MD, began to treat cancer patients with a cocktail of bacterial products, which came to be known as Coley's toxins. The patients usually developed high fevers, and, in some, tumors regressed. In 1934, the American Medical Association labeled Coley's toxins as the only known systemic treatment for cancer. But Coley's toxins proved to be less reliable in achieving remissions than did radiation and chemotherapy, and in the 1960s the treatment was
Hormone Secretion in Alcohol-Induced Pseudo-Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: Steven W. J. Lamberts
Journal: JAMA (1979)

We describe the clinical and biochemical characteristics of alcoholinduced pseudo-Cushing's syndrome in two patients with signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome and slight disturbances in liver function. An insufficient suppression of plasma cortisol to the overnight administration of 1 mg of dexamethasone was accompanied by an absent diurnal rhythm of plasma cortisol and an increased cortisol secretion rate. The plasma cortisol levels at 8 AM normalized during hospital admission (ie, alcohol withdrawal) at the same rate or parallel with the serum 7-glutamyl transferase concentration. A normal increase of plasma cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and growth hormone in response to an insulin-induced hypoglycemia was not compatible with the diagnosis Cushing's syndrome. However, the result of a differential diagnostic test with metyrapone was compatible with the presence of Cushing's disease. An erroneous diagnosis of Cushing's disease can be easily made in patients with alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing's syndrome. (<i>JAMA</i>242:1640-1643, 1979)
Clinical Evaluation of a Lysis-Centrifugation Technique for the Detection of Septicemia
Authors: Michael T. Kelly
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A commercially available lysis-centrifugation blood culture system was compared with a two-bottle broth-culture system employing 100 mL of broth and 10 mL of blood per bottle to analyze 1,913 blood specimens. Of 154 clinically significant isolates, 89% were detected by the lysis-centrifugation technique, and 73% were detected by the broth-culture method. Twenty-seven percent of the organisms were detected only by the lysis-centrifugation technique, and 11% were detected only by the broth system. Fifteen polymicrobial cultures were encountered; the lysis-centrifugation technique detected 93% of the organisms in these cultures, while the broth-culture method detected only 20%. Isolated colonies of clinically important organisms were available 30 hours earlier with the lysis-centrifugation technique. These results suggest that the lysis-centrifugation technique may provide a substantial improvement over conventional methods for blood cultures. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:2185-2188)
Textbook of Adverse Drug Reactions
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Adverse drug reactions represent a common problem for those of us who work in general internal medicine.Previous surveys have suggested that between 10 and 18% of patients admitted to general medical wards will suffer an adverse reaction to therapy prescribed while an inpatient.Thus, drug therapy is a main cause of iatrogenic illness.It is, therefore, important for doc- tors to have a reliable source of reference about adverse drug reactions.In order to test how far this work fulfilled the need, I used it for a period of a month to check on drug-related problems in patients referred to me.I used it also when writing a chapter on cardiovascular drug therapy in the elderly.By so doing, I was able to assess 17 of the 30 chapters, whose authors were mostly based in or had previously worked at Newcastle-upon-Tyne.For the most part the book satisfied my needs.It has an excellent index and is well referenced.I found it particularly helpful in the management of a patient with liver disease due to therapy for tuberculosis.Simi- larly, it was useful for another patient thought to have the neuroleptic malignant syndrome.Other 'success- es' included drug-induced convulsions, purpura and drug interactions with digoxin, as well as those between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and B- adrenoceptor antagonists or diuretics.The sections on antibiotic associated diarrhoea and renal dysfunction due to ACE inhibitors were well referenced, as were those on drug-induced hypotension.
Searching for Inaccuracy in Clinical Laboratory Testing Using Medicare Data
Authors: Stephen T. Mennemeyer
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine if the occurrence of health outcomes following clinical laboratory testing can be used to identify types of laboratories that may be having higher than expected error rates. <h3>Design.</h3> —Retrospective analysis of Medicare Part B outpatient claims, Part A hospitalization bills, and death records using a case-control study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Medicare records from six carrier territories were sampled during the period 1985 through 1987. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 14 755 Medicare patients receiving a prothrombin time test in either a physician office laboratory or a commercial laboratory. <h3>Outcome Measures.</h3> —Occurrence of a hospitalization for stroke or acute myocardial infarction, death, or no adverse outcome within 6 days of a prothrombin time. <h3>Results.</h3> —In physician office laboratories where prothrombin time test volume is below 40 per month, the odds that a tested patient will experience a stroke or an acute myocardial infarction are up to 1.96 and 3.43 times greater, respectively, than for a similar patient tested in a commercial laboratory. Switching from one laboratory to another between successive prothrombin time tests increased the odds of a stroke or an acute myocardial infarction by 1.57 and 1.32, respectively. Patients in two states with strong laboratory regulatory programs had fewer adverse outcomes. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Examining patient outcomes subsequent to clinical laboratory testing may be a useful tool for clinical laboratory quality assurance. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:1030-1033)
Влияние сопутствующей гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни на клиническое течение и функцию внешнего дыхания у больных хроническим обструктивным заболеванием легких
Authors: A.G. Oparin, A.A. Oparin, A.V. Titkova
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2013)

В статье показаны основные клинико-анамнестические особенности течения коморбидной патологии. Описано значение оценки функциональных изменений показателей спирограммы у данной категории пациентов. Доказана роль сопутствующей гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни в течении хронического обструктивного заболевания легких, подчеркивается значение оценки атипичных клинических проявлений для правильной диагностики и лечения этого контингента больных.
Approaching Long-term Neuroleptic Treatment of Schizophrenia
Authors: Norris Hansell
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Neuroleptic therapy can prevent some acute episodes and may improve the level of function in some cases of chronic schizophrenia. The hazards of tardive dyskinesia require a rigorous design for any long-term use of neuroleptics. The protocol includes narrow indications, demonstrations of efficacy and necessity, and arrangements for surveillance, cooperation, and emergency. Patient instruction improves the precision of medication use and may increase adaptive efforts during episodes. (<i>JAMA</i>242:1293-1294, 1979)
Proliferative Epithelial Lesions of the Urinary Bladder of Nonhuman Primates Infected With &lt;italic&gt;Schistosoma haematobium&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Kuntz, Robert E., Cheever, Allen W., Myers, Betty June
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Journal Article Proliferative Epithelial Lesions of the Urinary Bladder of Nonhuman Primates Infected With Schistosoma haematobium Get access Robert E. Kuntz, Robert E. Kuntz Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Southwest Foundation for Research and Education, San Antonio, Texas 78228, and Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,5Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Allen W. Cheever, Allen W. Cheever Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Southwest Foundation for Research and Education, San Antonio, Texas 78228, and Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,5Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Betty June Myers Betty June Myers Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Southwest Foundation for Research and Education, San Antonio, Texas 78228, and Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,5Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 48, Issue 1, January 1972, Pages 223–235, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/48.1.223 Published: 01 January 1972 Article history Received: 26 July 1971 Accepted: 08 October 1971 Published: 01 January 1972
Thrombocytopenia Caused by Cephalothin Sodium
Authors: Louis Sheiman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Thrombocytopenia due to use of cephalothin sodium developed in an individual with a history of sensitivity to penicillin and no prior exposure to cephalothin. The in vitro studies bore out the clinical impression of cephalothin-induced thrombocytopenia, although hemagglutinating techniques failed to demonstrate erythrocyte-related antibodies to either penicillin or cephalothin. There is a possible but not proved relationship between penicillin sensitivity and cephalothin sensitivity. Patients receiving cephalothin should be observed carefully for blood dyscrasia.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Dasatinib and Nutlin-3 Activity in B-CLL Zauli et al. ______________Page 762B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is a common leukemia of adults.In this study, Zauli and colleagues evaluated the combination of Dasatinib (a multi-kinase inhibitor) plus Nutlin-3 (a nongenotoxic activator of the p53 pathway) in primary B-CLL patient cells and in B leukemic cell lines.They found that the drug combination induced synergistic cytotoxicity in both p53 wild-type and p53 mutated/deleted leukemic cells.Further, Akt down-regulation was found to be important in mediating the antileukemic activity of Dasatinib+Nutlin-3.These findings suggest that the combination of Dasatinib and Nutlin-3 represents an innovative therapeutic strategy for B-CLL. Highlights
Orlistat associated with hypertension
Authors: G D Johnston
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Resuscitation should not be part of every deathEditor-Pioneers of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the 1960s were medical heroes.They would be surprised to find their treatment for hearts that were too young to die becoming an obligatory death rite for all, and themselves anathematised for mentioning the new taboo of age. 1 Feedback that I, as chairman of Tayside cardiopulmonary resuscitation committee, receive from junior hospital staff is that inappropriately initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation is common, emotionally fraught, and demotivating; inappropriate failure to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation is virtually unknown.Seemingly false positive results therefore heavily outnumber false negative results, but parallel audits of deaths and cardiopulmonary resuscitation are now being conducted to relate the two.
Impaired Osmoregulation at High Altitude
Authors: F. Duane Blume
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Osmoregulation was studied in 13 mountaineers who had experienced long-term exposure to high altitude on Mt Everest. Serum osmolality rose from 290± 1 mOsm/kg to 295 ±2 mOsm/kg at 5,400 m and finally to 302 ±4 mOsm/kg at 6,300 m after a mean of 26.5 days above 5,400 m. Despite this degree of osmoconcentration, plasma arginine-vasopressin concentration remained unchanged: 1.1± 0.1 μU/mL at sea level, 0.8 ± 0.1 μU/mL at 5,400 m, and 0.9±0.1 μU/mL at 6,300 m. Urinary vasopressin excretion was also similar at all three altitudes. We conclude that prolonged exposure to high altitude may result in persistent impairment of osmoregulation, caused in part by an inappropriate arginine-vasopressin response to hyperosmolality. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:524-526)
Decreasing Cardiovascular Disease and Increasing Cancer Among Whites in the United States From 1973 Through 1987
Authors: Devra Lee Davis
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —Trends in cancer mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer incidence are assessed among US whites to determine whether aging of the population and smoking patterns completely account for increased cancer rates from 1973 through 1987. <h3>Design.</h3> —For mortality, percentage changes in age-specific rates were calculated. For cancer incidence, trends in age-specific rates across time periods and birth cohorts were assessed for several sites. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —National US cardiovascular and cancer mortality rates and incidence rates for smoking-related cancer, breast cancer, and all other types of cancer in 10% of the US population covered by the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program were analyzed. <h3>Results.</h3> —From 1973 through 1987, cardiovascular mortality decreased 42% in the age group 0 to 54 years and decreased 33% in the age group 55 to 84 years; concurrently, cancer mortality decreased 17% in the younger group but increased 12% in the older group. By 1987, even though proportionally fewer people in the older age groups died, relatively more of them died of cancer. Men born in the 1940s had twice as much cancer as those born in 1888 through 1897 and more than twice as much cancer not linked to smoking; women born during this period had 50% and 30% more of these same cancers, respectively. Rates of smoking-related cancers in recent cohorts of women were five to six times greater than in those born in 1888 through 1897, while rates in men declined. Recent cohorts of women also had more than twice as much breast cancer as those born in 1888 through 1897. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —In recent US birth cohorts, our model found that increases in cancer have occurred that are not solely linked to aging of the population and smoking patterns. In light of these results and similar findings in Sweden, changes in carcinogenic hazards in addition to smoking are likely to have occurred and need to be studied further. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:431-437)