tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The incidence and comparative prognosis of primary cancers with metastasis to non-common sites: A SEER database analysis of 2016-2018.
Authors: Kirellos Said Abbas, Basel Abdelazeem, Deepti Nagaraja Rao, Rabeet Tariq, Ahsan Wahab
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

e22506 Background: Primary tumors can present late with metastasis to uncommon sites (such as adrenals, bone marrow, pleura, malignant pleural effusion, peritoneum, and skin, among others) as well as common sites (such as liver, bone, lung, and distal lymph nodes). Our study aimed to investigate the characteristics and comparative survival for metastasis to uncommon sites at the time of diagnosis using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Methods: We extracted the data from the SEER database for the years 2016-2018 to include all patients presenting with metastasis to uncommon sites at diagnosis without restrictions on age, race, year of diagnosis, or histological type. Uncommon sites of metastasis were coded as other sites in the SEER database and did not involve liver, bone, brain, lung, and distal lymph nodes. We used R software to perform the descriptive analysis for uncommon sites according to the primary sites and co-metastasis along with their survival. Results: A total of 25,345 patients were included with metastasis to uncommon sites with a female predominance of 13,033 (51.4 %); the mean age at diagnosis was 68 ± 17 years. Lung and bronchus primaries represented the largest proportion with metastasized to uncommon sites 10,612 (41.9%), followed by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma-nodal 1,871 (7.4%), pancreas 1,690 (6.6%), stomach 940 (3.7%), and ovarian 885 (3.4%). The incidence was most common in respiratory cancers in ages 61-80 years (25%) and least in breast primaries in ages 18-40 years (0.1%). Whites compared to other races had a higher incidence. Liver cancer had the worst prognosis with a median survival of 1 month, whereas small intestine tumors were associated with a better prognosis with a median survival of 13 months. Further survival data is mentioned in the table. Conclusions: Our study concluded that the lung and bronchus cancers were the most common primaries metastasized to uncommon sites at diagnosis while the liver had the worst survival. These findings will help redirect the available screening tools to improve survival in patients with primary tumors with metastasis at diagnosis and may also play an essential role in future research and achieve a better prognosis for cancer patients.[Table: see text]
Medium to long term health-related quality of life and treatment-related side-effects in patients treated with a single dose of adjuvant carboplatin for high-risk seminoma – results from a pilot study
Authors: W. Cazzaniga, A. Pearce, C. Tanabalan, P. Rajan, N. Kinsella, A. Reid, R. Huddart, D. Nicol
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for the treatment of lung cancer and mesothelioma
Authors: Ramaswamy Govindan, Charu Aggarwal, Scott J Antonia, Marianne Davies, Steven M Dubinett, Andrea Ferris, Patrick M Forde, Edward B Garon, Sarah B Goldberg, Raffit Hassan, Matthew D Hellmann, Fred R Hirsch, Melissa L Johnson, Shakun Malik, Daniel Morgensztern, Joel W Neal, Jyoti D Patel, David L Rimm, Sarah Sagorsky, Lawrence H Schwartz, Boris Sepesi, Roy S Herbst
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Immunotherapy has transformed lung cancer care in recent years. In addition to providing durable responses and prolonged survival outcomes for a subset of patients with heavily pretreated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)- either as monotherapy or in combination with other ICIs or chemotherapy-have demonstrated benefits in first-line therapy for advanced disease, the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings, as well as in additional thoracic malignancies such as small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and mesothelioma. Challenging questions remain, however, on topics including therapy selection, appropriate biomarker-based identification of patients who may derive benefit, the use of immunotherapy in special populations such as people with autoimmune disorders, and toxicity management. Patient and caregiver education and support for quality of life (QOL) is also important to attain maximal benefit with immunotherapy. To provide guidance to the oncology community on these and other important concerns, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a multidisciplinary panel of experts to develop a clinical practice guideline (CPG). This CPG represents an update to SITC's 2018 publication on immunotherapy for the treatment of NSCLC, and is expanded to include recommendations on SCLC and mesothelioma. The Expert Panel drew on the published literature as well as their clinical experience to develop recommendations for healthcare professionals on these important aspects of immunotherapeutic treatment for lung cancer and mesothelioma, including diagnostic testing, treatment planning, immune-related adverse events, and patient QOL considerations. The evidence- and consensus-based recommendations in this CPG are intended to give guidance to cancer care providers using immunotherapy to treat patients with lung cancer or mesothelioma.
Prevalence of MET aberration using next generation sequencing in oncology clinic: A real-world experience.
Authors: Jihoon Ko, Jaeyun Jung, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Seung Tae Kim, WonKi Kang, Jeeyun Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

e16099 Background: MET has been known as an important therapeutic target in various solid cancer types. With the establishment of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in the oncology clinics, understanding the incidence of MET aberration in patients with metastatic cancer is critical for oncology drug development and efficacy. We investigated MET gene aberration in 2,239 oncology patients who underwent NGS in clinical practice with real-world data. Methods: From Nov. 2019 to Jan. 2021, 2,239 metastatic solid tumor patients who visited oncology clinic were enrolled in the NGS analysis. The NGS panel (TruSight Oncology 500 Assay, Illumina) was over 500 comprehensive sequencing using archival tissue specimen. In addition, PD-L1 22C3 assay results were available in 1,137 patients (50.8%) and 1,761(78.7%) patients had clinical record about 1st chemotherapy for overall survival analysis. Results: 2,239 patients with metastatic solid tumor (37 cancer types) received NGS as part of the clinical practice with an aim to be guided to targeted agents or immunotherapy. The most common cancer types were CRC (N = 702, 31.4%), followed by GC (N = 481, 21.5%), and sarcoma (N = 180, 8.0%). Of 2,239 patients, any MET aberrations (CNVs, fusions, and SNV) were detected in 212 patients. Of the 46 patients with MET amplification, 14 (30.4%) were GC followed by CRC (N = 10, 21.7%), melanoma (N = 7, 15.2%), CCC (N = 6, 13.0%), sarcoma (N = 2, 4.3%), HCC (N = 2, 4.3%), NSCLC (N = 2, 4.3%), pancreatic cancer (N = 2, 4.3%), and gallbladder cancer (N = 1, 2.2%). All MET-amplified tumors had microsatellite stable (MSS) status and 17.4 % patients (N = 8) were TMB-high status. And, 8 of MET-amplified patients concurrently showed MET-positive protein expression by IHC (2+ and 3+). Of note, MET fusion was detected in 0.4% (10 of 2,239) of the patients. The partner gene included ST7, TFEC, LRRD1, CFTR, CAV1, PCM1, HLA-DRB1 and CAPZA2. In survival analysis, patients having MET amplification or fusion had shorter OS and PFS than the others, suggesting MET aberration was an important key factor that could determine final response results to current chemotherapy. Conclusions: Based on our comprehensive NGS survey focused on MET aberration, we identified approximately 2.1% MET amplification and 0.4% MET fusion in patients with metastatic solid tumors. They showed worse response after chemotherapy and shorter OS and PFS.
68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma With Pleura and Bone Metastases
Authors: Jie Chen, Chongjiao Li, Yueli Tian, Bing Wen, Yong He
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a low- to intermediate-grade malignant vascular tumor with a slowly progressive course and unpredictable prognosis. We report a case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma with pleura and bone metastases on 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in a 65-year-old woman who underwent surgery and chemotherapy.
Pembrolizumab in microsatellite instability high or mismatch repair deficient cancers: updated analysis from the phase II KEYNOTE-158 study
Authors: M. Maio, P.A. Ascierto, L. Manzyuk, D. Motola-Kuba, N. Penel, P.A. Cassier, G.M. Bariani, A. De Jesus Acosta, T. Doi, F. Longo, W.H. Miller, D.-Y. Oh, M. Gottfried, L. Xu, F. Jin, K. Norwood, A. Marabelle
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2022)

Pembrolizumab demonstrated durable antitumor activity in 233 patients with previously treated advanced microsatellite instability high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) advanced solid tumors in the phase II multicohort KEYNOTE-158 (NCT02628067) study. Herein, we report safety and efficacy outcomes with longer follow-up for more patients with previously treated advanced MSI-H/dMMR noncolorectal cancers who were included in cohort K of the KEYNOTE-158 (NCT02628067) study.Eligible patients with previously treated advanced noncolorectal MSI-H/dMMR solid tumors, measurable disease as per RECIST v1.1, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 received pembrolizumab 200 mg Q3W for 35 cycles or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) as per RECIST v1.1 by independent central radiologic review.Three hundred and fifty-one patients with various tumor types were enrolled in KEYNOTE-158 cohort K. The most common tumor types were endometrial (22.5%), gastric (14.5%), and small intestine (7.4%). Median time from first dose to database cut-off (5 October 2020) was 37.5 months (range, 0.2-55.6 months). ORR among 321 patients in the efficacy population (patients who received ≥1 dose of pembrolizumab enrolled ≥6 months before the data cut-off date) was 30.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 25.8% to 36.2%]. Median duration of response was 47.5 months (range, 2.1+ to 51.1+ months; '+' indicates no progressive disease by the time of last disease assessment). Median progression-free survival was 3.5 months (95% CI 2.3-4.2 months) and median overall survival was 20.1 months (95% CI 14.1-27.1 months). Treatment-related adverse events (AEs) occurred in 227 patients (64.7%). Grade 3-4 treatment-related AEs occurred in 39 patients (11.1%); 3 (0.9%) had grade 5 treatment-related AEs (myocarditis, pneumonia, and Guillain-Barre syndrome, n = 1 each).Pembrolizumab demonstrated clinically meaningful and durable benefit, with a high ORR of 30.8%, long median duration of response of 47.5 months, and manageable safety across a range of heavily pretreated, advanced MSI-H/dMMR noncolorectal cancers, providing support for use of pembrolizumab in this setting.
A Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Approach—The Ideal Future State of Geriatric Trauma Care
Authors: Katherine L. Florecki, Bellal A. Joseph, Elliott R. Haut
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

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Association of Drug Cues and Craving With Drug Use and Relapse
Authors: Nilofar Vafaie, Hedy Kober
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Craving, which is a strong desire for drugs, is a new<i>DSM-5</i>diagnostic criterion for substance use disorders (SUDs), which are the most prevalent, costly, and deadly forms of psychopathology. Despite decades of research, the roles of drug cues and craving in drug use and relapse remain controversial. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess whether 4 types of drug cue and craving indicators, including cue exposure, physiological cue reactivity, cue-induced craving, and self-reported craving (without cue exposure), are prospectively associated with drug use and relapse. <h3>Data Sources</h3> Google Scholar was searched for published studies from inception through December 31, 2018. In addition, backward and forward searches were performed on included articles to identify additional articles. <h3>Study Selection</h3> Included studies reported a prospective statistic that linked cue and craving indicators at time 1 to drug use or relapse at time 2, in humans. <h3>Data Extraction and Synthesis</h3> The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Study characteristics and statistics were extracted and/or coded by 1 of the 2 authors and then checked by the other. Statistical analyses were performed from May to July 2021. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Random-effects models were used to calculate prospective odds ratios (ORs) representing the association between cue and craving indicators and subsequent drug use/relapse. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 18 205 records were identified, and 237 studies were included. Across 656 statistics, representing 51 788 human participants (21 216 with confirmed SUDs), a significant prospective association of all cue and craving indicators with drug use/relapse was found (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.94-2.15), such that a 1-unit increase in cue and craving indicators was associated with more than double the odds of future drug use or relapse. A Rosenthal fail-safe analysis revealed that 180 092 null studies would need to be published to nullify this finding. Trim-and-fill analysis brought the adjusted effect size to an OR of 1.31 (95% CI, 1.25-1.38). Moderator analyses showed that some of the strongest associations were found for cue-induced craving, real cues or images, drug use outcome, same-day time lag, studies using ecological momentary assessment, and male participants. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that drug cue and craving indicators play significant roles in drug use and relapse outcomes and are an important mechanism underlying SUDs. Clinically, these results support incorporating craving assessment across stages of treatment, as early as primary care.
Highly sensitive and specific detection of bladder cancer via targeted ultra-deep sequencing of urinary DNA
Authors: D.G. Ward, L. Baxter, S. Ott, N.S. Gordon, J. Wang, K. Piechocki, L. Silcock, C. Sale, M.P. Zeegers, K. Cheng, N.D. James, R.T. Bryan
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Differences in mammographic screening among women 40-49 years old by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and region in the United States.
Authors: Maxwell Roger Lloyd, Lauren O’Loughlin, Kenneth J. Mukamal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

e18593 Background: The recommended age to initiate screening mammograms in non-high-risk women varies amongst governing bodies in the United States (US) and now ranges from 40 to 50 years old. As a result, mammography among women aged 40-49 represents an area of uncertainty and discretion for patients and providers. Whether mammography in this age group is equitably targeted is uncertain. We aimed to identify factors associated with breast cancer screening among women aged 40-49 in the US. Methods: We used the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), an annual nationally representative telephone survey of American adults. We included women aged 40-49 (and, for comparison, 50-59) who reported no personal history of breast cancer. In total, 154,860 women (aged 40-49, n = 62,158; aged 50-59, n = 92,702) were included from 2016 and 2018; mammography was not routinely queried in 2017 or 2019, and COVID-19 interrupted screening in 2020. Women who reported having a mammogram in the past one to two years were considered to have a recent mammogram. Using STATA 15, we used logistic regression to estimate weighted adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of recent mammography associated with age, race, geographic region, and cost as a barrier to healthcare. Results: A total of 62% (95% CI = 61-63%) of surveyed women aged 40-49 reported a recent mammogram. This population had expectedly lower odds of being screened compared to women aged 50-59 (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.48-0.53, p &lt; 0.001). Compared to White women 40-49 years old, Black (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.22-1.50, p &lt; 0.001) and Hispanic (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.04-1.32, p = 0.01) women had higher odds of reporting a recent mammogram. Women living in the South (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.76-0.94, p = 0.004) or West (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.60-0.76, p &lt; 0.001) were less likely to have a recent mammogram compared to the Northeast. Women reporting cost as a barrier to accessing medical care were less likely to report a recent mammogram (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.48-0.58, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: In this nationally representative analysis of women aged 40-49, Black and Hispanic women were more likely to report breast cancer screening than White women. This evidence contrasts prior work showing that Black and Hispanic women historically had lower rates of mammography. The results of this study encouragingly suggest that women of color may be initiating screening at younger ages. Poverty is a poor prognostic factor for breast cancer, and cost appeared to serve as a major barrier to mammography. The substantial degree of geographic heterogeneity underscores established variation in how medical resources are distributed and used in the US. Our results provide a benchmark for future studies of interventions at the patient, provider, and systems levels to ensure equitable, cost-effective and broad-based use of mammography nationwide.
Natural history study for children and adults with rare solid tumors.
Authors: Diana Grace Varghese, Hannah Smith, Shadin Ahmed, B. J. Thomas, Donna Bernstein, Margarita Raygada, Robin Lockridge, John Glod, Jaydira Del Rivero, Karlyne Reilly, Brigitte C. Widemann, Mary Frances Wedekind Malone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

TPS1600 Background: Rare cancers is defined as fewer than 15 cases per 100,000 people per year and account for 27% cancers diagnosed and lead to 25% of cancer-related deaths. Nearly 13% (1 in 8) of all cancers diagnosed in adults ages 20 and older are rare. All pediatric cancers are rare and approximately 12,600 children under the age of 20 years are diagnosed with cancer each year. Rarity of these diseases has caused a stagnation in understanding the tumor biology and developing newer therapies. Initiatives like Orphan Drug Act (1983) and Rare Disease Act (2002) has led to improvement in funding and research about these rare tumors. The Cancer Moonshot Research Initiative funded My Pediatric and Adult Rare Tumor (MyPART) network (cancer.gov/mypart) in the NCI Pediatric Oncology Branch and launched a longitudinal Natural History Study for Children and Adults with Rare Solid Tumors (NCT03739827). Methods: A prospective study to evaluate the natural history of rare pediatric and adult solid tumors comprehensively and longitudinally. Patients of any age with a rare solid tumor (&lt;15 cases per 100,000 people per year) are eligible. Patients with germline mutation who are at risk of developing these tumors or relatives of participants are also eligible. Patients can participate from home or are are invited to NIH for annual evaluations. Participants complete individual medical history, family history, patient related-outcomes measurements (PROs) and provide samples (blood, saliva) for DNA analysis. Tumors are analyzed using a 500+ gene panel (TruSight500, Illumina Panel) and undergo a comprehensive genomic and epigenomic analysis. Participants invited to NIH undergo a clinical evaluation, genetic counseling, blood collection (standard clinical labs, germline DNA/RNA, immune phenotypes, cytokines, exosomes), and imaging studies, as indicated. The goals of this study are to 1) Estimate and define the clinical spectrum of rare cancers 2) Evaluate and follow biological relatives of patients with rare tumors or carriers of germline genetic variants that predispose to development of rare tumors 3) Develop a better understanding of these diseases in an effort to develop a) Novel therapeutic interventions, b) Preventive/screening guidelines, c) Endpoints for future clinical trials, and d) Relevant patient reported outcomes that can improve our understanding of patients psychosocial and functional needs. Subprotocols under this protocol for children and adults include adrenocortical cancer (NCT04447014), neuroendocrine neoplasms (NCT04488263) and Chordoma (NCT0391046) to gather tumor specific data. Study accrual is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT03739827.