tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of aldafermin in patients with NASH and compensated cirrhosis
Authors: Mary E. Rinella, Hsiao D. Lieu, Kris V. Kowdley, Zachary D. Goodman, Naim Alkhouri, Eric Lawitz, Vlad Ratziu, Manal F. Abdelmalek, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Ziad H. Younes, Aasim M. Sheikh, Donald Brannan, Bradley Freilich, Fernando Membreno, Marie Sinclair, Liza Melchor-Khan, Arun J. Sanyal, Lei Ling, Stephen A. Harrison
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

Background and Aims: Aldafermin, an engineered analog of the human hormone FGF19, improves liver histology in patients with noncirrhotic NASH; however, its efficacy and safety in compensated cirrhosis is unknown. No drug has yet to demonstrate benefit in the compensated NASH population. Approach and Results: In this multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial, 160 patients with compensated NASH cirrhosis were randomized to aldafermin 0.3 mg (n = 7), 1 mg (n = 42), 3 mg (n = 55), or placebo (n = 56) for 48 weeks. The 0.3 mg group was discontinued to limit exposure to suboptimal doses. The primary end point was a change in Enhanced Liver Fibrosis from baseline to week 48. The analyses were performed in the intention-to-treat population. At week 48, the least-squares mean difference in the change in Enhanced Liver Fibrosis was −0.5 (95% CI, −0.7 to −0.2; p = 0.0003) between the 3 mg group and the placebo group. 15%, 21%, and 23% of patients in the placebo, 1 mg, and 3 mg group, respectively, achieved fibrosis improvement ≥ 1 stage; and 13%, 16%, and 20% achieved fibrosis improvement ≥ 1 stage without NASH worsening. Improvement in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, neoepitope-specific N-terminal pro-peptide of type III collagen, and liver stiffness favored aldefermin groups over placebo. Diarrhea was the most frequent adverse event, occurring at 26% and 40% in the 1 mg and 3 mg groups, respectively, compared to 18% in the placebo group. Overall, 0%, 2%, and 9% of patients in the placebo, 1 mg, and 3 mg group, respectively, discontinued due to treatment-related adverse events. Conclusions: Aldafermin 3 mg resulted in a significant reduction in Enhanced Liver Fibrosis in patients with compensated NASH cirrhosis.
A postpartum intervention for vaccination promotion by midwives using motivational interviews reduces mothers’ vaccine hesitancy, south-eastern France, 2021 to 2022: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Pierre Verger, Chloé Cogordan, Lisa Fressard, Virginie Gosselin, Xavier Donato, Magalie Biferi, Valérie Verlomme, Pierre Sonnier, Hervé Meur, Philippe Malfait, Patrick Berthiaume, Lauriane Ramalli, Arnaud Gagneur
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

BackgroundDespite childhood vaccine mandates imposed in 2018 in France, parental vaccine hesitancy (VH) remains frequent. Interventions in Quebec, Canada, applying motivational interviewing (MI) techniques have successfully reduced parents' VH for childhood immunisations.AimTo determine whether MI intervention for mothers in maternity wards in the days after birth in France could significantly reduce VH, increase intentions to vaccinate (VI) their child at 2 months and reduce VH social inequalities.MethodsWe conducted a parallel-arm multicentre randomised controlled trial from November 2021 to April 2022 to compare impacts of MI performed by MI-trained midwives (intervention) vs a vaccination leaflet (control). We included 733 mothers from two maternity hospitals in south-eastern France, randomly assigned either arm. The validated Parents Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines questionnaire was used before and after MI or leaflet to assess mothers' VH (13 items, 0-100 score) and VI (1 item, 1-10 score). Difference-in-difference (D-I-D) models were used to estimate net impact of MI vs leaflet for the entire sample and stratified by VH and education level.ResultsMotivational interview intervention reduced mothers' VH score by 33% (p < 0.0001) and increased VI by 8% (p < 0.0001); the effect was largest for the highest initial VH levels. D-I-D analyses estimated net VH decrease at 5.8/100 points (p = 0.007) and net VI increase at 0.6/10 points (p = 0.005). Net VH decrease was highest for high initial VH levels and low education levels.ConclusionsOur results show positive effects of MI intervention, and means of its implementation should be investigated in France.
Optical Coherence Tomography—History, Evolution, and Future Prospects
Authors: James G. Fujimoto, Eric A. Swanson, David Huang
Journal: JAMA (2023)

In this Viewpoint, 2023 Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award winners James G. Fujimoto, David Huang, and Eric A. Swanson discuss their invention—optical coherence tomography, which allows rapid detection of diseases of the retina that impair vision.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy vs No Axillary Surgery in Patients With Small Breast Cancer and Negative Results on Ultrasonography of Axillary Lymph Nodes
Authors: Oreste Davide Gentilini, Edoardo Botteri, Claudia Sangalli, Viviana Galimberti, Mauro Porpiglia, Roberto Agresti, Alberto Luini, Giuseppe Viale, Enrico Cassano, Nickolas Peradze, Antonio Toesca, Giulia Massari, Virgilio Sacchini, Elisabetta Munzone, Maria Cristina Leonardi, Francesca Cattadori, Rosa Di Micco, Emanuela Esposito, Adele Sgarella, Silvia Cattaneo, Massimo Busani, Massimo Dessena, Anna Bianchi, Elisabetta Cretella, Francisco Ripoll Orts, Michael Mueller, Corrado Tinterri, Badir Jorge Chahuan Manzur, Chiara Benedetto, Paolo Veronesi, Fabio D. Bassi, Fulvio Borella, Pietro Caldarella, Marco A. Colleoni, Giovanni Corso, Silvia Dellapasqua, Alberta Ferrari, Carlos Garcia-Etienne, Damiano Gentile, Alessandro Germano, Luigi P. Grosso, Mattia Intra, Monica Iorfida, Josè Vila, Gennaro Limite, Germana Lissidini, Giorgio Macellari, Francesca Magnoni, Ilaria Maugeri, Manuelita Mazza, Emilia Montagna, Paola Naninato, Luca Nicosia, Roberto Orecchia, Alberto F. Pierini, Claudia Rauh, Massimo Rinaldo, Anna Rotili, Nicole Rotmensz, Anna R. Vento, Veronica Zuber
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the standard of care for axillary node staging of patients with early breast cancer (BC), but its necessity can be questioned since surgery for examination of axillary nodes is not performed with curative intent.
Targeted Therapy Win in <i>BRAF</i>-Mutant Gliomas
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2023)

Two reports from the phase II TADPOLE trial show the benefit of molecularly targeted therapy in pediatric brain tumors with BRAF mutations. Dabrafenib combined with trametinib was superior to chemotherapy in low-grade gliomas and yielded favorable responses in a single-arm study of high-grade ones, results that highlight the importance of biomarker testing in pediatric glioma care.
AACR Cancer Centers Alliance: Fostering Collaboration and Innovation to Advance Lifesaving Scientific Discoveries for Patients
Authors: Carlos L. Arteaga, John L. Cleveland, Margaret Foti, Ruben A. Mesa, Louis M. Weiner, Cheryl L. Willman, David A. Tuveson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

Basic and clinical cancer research discoveries stemming from the nation's cancer centers have markedly improved outcomes for many cancer patients. Despite this forward momentum in our progress against this complex disease, cancer in all its forms remains a major public health challenge that touches the lives of nearly every American, either directly or indirectly. The newly formed AACR Cancer Centers Alliance will accelerate the pace of discovery by providing an ongoing mechanism for transferring new knowledge, sharing resources, developing national demonstration projects, and driving innovation that impacts cancer science, cancer care delivery, and science and health policy.
AACR Cancer Centers Alliance: Fostering Collaboration and Innovation to Advance Lifesaving Scientific Discoveries for Patients
Authors: Carlos L. Arteaga, John L. Cleveland, Margaret Foti, Ruben A. Mesa, Louis M. Weiner, Cheryl L. Willman, David A. Tuveson
Journal: Cancer Research (2023)

Basic and clinical cancer research discoveries stemming from the nation's cancer centers have markedly improved outcomes for many cancer patients. Despite this forward momentum in our progress against this complex disease, cancer in all its forms remains a major public health challenge that touches the lives of nearly every American, either directly or indirectly. The newly formed AACR Cancer Centers Alliance will accelerate the pace of discovery by providing an ongoing mechanism for transferring new knowledge, sharing resources, developing national demonstration projects, and driving innovation that impacts cancer science, cancer care delivery, and science and health policy.
Existing Nongated CT Coronary Calcium Predicts Operative Risk in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgeries (ENCORES)
Authors: Daniel Y. Choi, Dena Hayes, Samuel D. Maidman, Nehal Dhaduk, Jill E. Jacobs, Anna Shmukler, Jeffrey S. Berger, Germaine Cuff, David Rehe, Mitchell Lee, Robert Donnino, Nathaniel R. Smilowitz
Journal: Circulation (2023)

Preoperative cardiovascular risk stratification before noncardiac surgery is a common clinical challenge. Coronary artery calcium scores from ECG-gated chest computed tomography (CT) imaging are associated with perioperative events. At the time of preoperative evaluation, many patients will not have had ECG-gated CT imaging, but will have had nongated chest CT studies performed for a variety of noncardiac indications. We evaluated relationships between coronary calcium severity estimated from previous nongated chest CT imaging and perioperative major clinical events (MCE) after noncardiac surgery.
Task Force for a rapid response to an outbreak of severe acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children in Portugal in 2022
Authors: Berta Grau-Pujol, João Vieira Martins, Isabel Goncalves, Fernanda Rodrigues, Rita de Sousa, Dina Oliveira, Joana Bettencourt, Diana Mendes, Inês Mateus de Cunha, Sara Pocinho, Ana Firme, Benvinda Estela dos Santos, André Peralta Santos, Maria João Albuquerque, Pedro Pinto-Leite, Rui Tato Marinho, Paula Vasconcelos
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

On 5 April 2022, the United Kingdom reported an increase of cases of severe acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children, several needing hospitalisation and some required liver transplant or died. Thereafter, 35 countries reported probable cases, almost half of them in Europe. Facing the alert, on 28 April, Portugal created a multidisciplinary Task Force (TF) for rapid detection of probable cases and response. The experts of the TF came from various disciplines: clinicians, laboratory experts, epidemiologists, public health experts and national and international communication. Moreover, Portugal adopted the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) case definition and recommendations. By 31 December 2022, 28 probable cases of severe acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology were reported: 16 male and 17 aged under 2 years. Of these cases, 23 were hospitalised but none required liver transplant or died. Adenovirus was detected from nine of 26 tested cases. No association was observed between adenovirus infection and hospital admission after adjusting for age, sex and region in a binomial regression model. The TF in Portugal may have contributed to increase awareness among clinicians, enabling early detection and prompt management of the outbreak.
Combined Treatment of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes and Endothelial Cells Regenerate the Infarcted Heart in Mice and Non-Human Primates
Authors: Yu-Che Cheng, Marvin L. Hsieh, Chen-Ju Lin, Cindy M.C. Chang, Ching-Ying Huang, Riley Puntney, Amy Wu Moy, Chien-Yu Ting, Darien Zhing Herr Chan, Martin W. Nicholson, Po-Ju Lin, Hung-Chih Chen, Gina C. Kim, Jianhua Zhang, Jennifer Coonen, Puja Basu, Heather A. Simmons, Yen-Wen Liu, Timothy A. Hacker, Timothy J. Kamp, Patrick C.H. Hsieh
Journal: Circulation (2023)

Remuscularization of the mammalian heart can be achieved after cell transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs). However, several hurdles remain before implementation into clinical practice. Poor survival of the implanted cells is related to insufficient vascularization, and the potential for fatal arrhythmogenesis is associated with the fetal cell-like nature of immature CMs.
The link among alcohol consumption, disease progression, and quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis: comment on the article by Alfredsson et al
Authors: Chien‐Yu Lin, Hsuan Chang, Tzu‐Chiao Kung, James Cheng‐Chung Wei
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2023)

Disclosure form Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Maternal diet during early gestation influences postnatal taste activity–dependent pruning by microglia
Authors: Chengsan Sun, Shuqiu Zheng, Justin S.A. Perry, Geoffrey T. Norris, Mei Cheng, Fanzhen Kong, Rolf Skyberg, Jianhua Cang, Alev Erisir, Jonathan Kipnis, David L. Hill
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2023)

A key process in central sensory circuit development involves activity-dependent pruning of exuberant terminals. Here, we studied gustatory terminal field maturation in the postnatal mouse nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) during normal development and in mice where their mothers were fed a low NaCl diet for a limited period soon after conception. Pruning of terminal fields of gustatory nerves in controls involved the complement system and is likely driven by NaCl-elicited taste activity. In contrast, offspring of mothers with an early dietary manipulation failed to prune gustatory terminal fields even though peripheral taste activity developed normally. The ability to prune in these mice was rescued by activating myeloid cells postnatally, and conversely, pruning was arrested in controls with the loss of myeloid cell function. The altered pruning and myeloid cell function appear to be programmed before the peripheral gustatory system is assembled and corresponds to the embryonic period when microglia progenitors derived from the yolk sac migrate to and colonize the brain.
Germline Sequencing Analysis to Inform Clinical Gene Panel Testing for Aggressive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Burcu F. Darst, Ed Saunders, Tokhir Dadaev, Xin Sheng, Peggy Wan, Loreall Pooler, Lucy Y. Xia, Stephen Chanock, Sonja I. Berndt, Ying Wang, Alpa V. Patel, Demetrius Albanes, Stephanie J. Weinstein, Vincent Gnanapragasam, Chad Huff, Fergus J. Couch, Alicja Wolk, Graham G. Giles, Tu Nguyen-Dumont, Roger L. Milne, Mark M. Pomerantz, Julie A. Schmidt, Ruth C. Travis, Timothy J. Key, Konrad H. Stopsack, Lorelei A. Mucci, William J. Catalona, Beth Marosy, Kurt N. Hetrick, Kimberly F. Doheny, Robert J. MacInnis, Melissa C. Southey, Rosalind A. Eeles, Fredrik Wiklund, David V. Conti, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Christopher A. Haiman
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

Germline gene panel testing is recommended for men with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) or a family history of cancer. While evidence is limited for some genes currently included in panel testing, gene panels are also likely to be incomplete and missing genes that influence PCa risk and aggressive disease.
Risk of Death Due to Pregnancy-Associated Cancers—More Questions Than Answers
Authors: Jordyn Silverstein, Katherine Van Loon
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Oral Anticoagulation Use and Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion in LAAOS III
Authors: Stuart J. Connolly, Jeff S. Healey, Emilie P. Belley-Cote, Kumar Balasubramanian, Domenico Paparella, Katheryn Brady, Wilko Reents, Bernhard C. Danner, P.J. Devereaux, Mukul Sharma, Chinthanie Ramasundarahettige, Salim Yusuf, Richard P. Whitlock
Journal: Circulation (2023)

LAAOS III (Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Study III) showed that left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion reduces the risk of ischemic stroke or systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cardiac surgery. This article examines the effect of LAA occlusion on stroke reduction according to variation in the use of oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy.Information regarding OAC use was collected at every follow-up visit. Adjusted proportional hazards modeling, including using landmarks of hospital discharge, 1 and 2 years after randomization, evaluated the effect of LAA occlusion on the risk of ischemic stroke or systemic embolism, according to OAC use. Adjusted proportional hazard modeling, with OAC use as a time-dependent covariate, was also performed to assess the effect of LAA occlusion, according to OAC use throughout the study.At hospital discharge, 3027 patients (63.5%) were receiving a vitamin K antagonist, and 879 (18.5%) were receiving a non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (direct OAC), with no difference in OAC use between treatment arms. There were 2887 (60.5%) patients who received OACs at all follow-up visits, 1401 (29.4%) who received OAC at some visits, and 472 (9.9%) who never received OACs. The effect of LAA occlusion on the risk of ischemic stroke or systemic embolism was consistent after discharge across all 3 groups: hazard ratios of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.51-0.96), 0.63 (95% CI, 0.43-0.94), and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.32-1.79), respectively. An adjusted proportional hazards model with OAC use as a time-dependent covariate showed that the reduction in stroke or systemic embolism with LAA occlusion was similar whether patients were receiving OACs or not.The benefit of LAA occlusion was consistent whether patients were receiving OACs or not. LAA occlusion provides thromboembolism reduction in patients independent of OAC use.
<scp>POEMS</scp> syndrome: Update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Angela Dispenzieri
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2023)

Abstract Disease Overview POEMS syndrome is a life‐threatening condition due to an underlying plasma cell neoplasm. The major criteria for the syndrome are polyradiculoneuropathy, clonal plasma cell disorder, sclerotic bone lesions, elevated vascular endothelial growth factor, and the presence of Castleman disease. Minor features include organomegaly, endocrinopathy, characteristic skin changes, papilledema, extravascular volume overload, and thrombocytosis. Diagnosis The diagnosis of POEMS syndrome is made with three of the major criteria, two of which must include polyradiculoneuropathy and clonal plasma cell disorder, and at least one of the minor criteria. Risk Stratification Because the pathogenesis of the syndrome is not well understood, risk stratification is limited to clinical phenotype rather than specific molecular markers. Risk factors include low serum albumin, age, pleural effusion, pulmonary hypertension, and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate. Risk‐Adapted Therapy For those patients with a dominant plasmacytoma, first‐line therapy is irradiation. Patients with diffuse sclerotic lesions or disseminated bone marrow involvement should receive systemic therapy. Corticosteroids are temporizing, but alkylators and lenalidomide are the mainstays of treatment, the former either in the form of low‐dose conventional therapy or as high‐dose conditioning for stem cell transplantation. Thalidomide and bortezomib also have activity, but their benefit needs to be weighed against their risk of exacerbating the peripheral neuropathy. Daratumumab combinations also appear promising based on case series. Prompt recognition and institution of both supportive care measures and therapy directed against the plasma cell result in the best outcomes.
Military Medicine’s Value to US Health Care and Public Health
Authors: Arthur L. Kellermann, Russ S. Kotwal, Todd E. Rasmussen
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Military medicine in the US was established to treat wounded and ill service members and to protect the health and well-being of our military forces at home and abroad. To accomplish these tasks, it has developed the capacity to rapidly adapt to the changing nature of war and emerging health threats; throughout our nation’s history, innovations developed by military health professionals have been quickly adopted by civilian medicine and public health for the benefit of patients in the US and around the world. Observations From the historical record and published studies, we cite notable examples of how military medicine has advanced civilian health care and public health. We also describe how military medicine research and development differs from that done in the civilian world. During the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, military medicine’s focused approach to performance improvement and requirements-driven research cut the case fatality rate from severe battlefield wounds in half, to the lowest level in the history of warfare. Conclusions and Relevance Although innovations developed by military medicine regularly inform and improve civilian health care and public health, the architects of these advances and the methods they use are often overlooked. Enhanced communication and cooperation between our nation’s military and civilian health systems would promote reciprocal learning, accelerate collaborative research, and strengthen our nation’s capacity to meet a growing array of health and geopolitical threats.
AACR Cancer Centers Alliance: Fostering Collaboration and Innovation to Advance Lifesaving Scientific Discoveries for Patients
Authors: Carlos L. Arteaga, John L. Cleveland, Margaret Foti, Ruben A. Mesa, Louis M. Weiner, Cheryl L. Willman, David A. Tuveson
Journal: Blood Cancer Discovery (2023)

Summary: Basic and clinical cancer research discoveries stemming from the nation's cancer centers have markedly improved outcomes for many cancer patients. Despite this forward momentum in our progress against this complex disease, cancer in all its forms remains a major public health challenge that touches the lives of nearly every American, either directly or indirectly. The newly formed AACR Cancer Centers Alliance will accelerate the pace of discovery by providing an ongoing mechanism for transferring new knowledge, sharing resources, developing national demonstration projects, and driving innovation that impacts cancer science, cancer care delivery, and science and health policy.