tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Covid and flu boosters to start in October to “maximise” protection, says NHS England
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Covid and flu boosters to start in October to "maximise" protection, says NHS England Elisabeth MahaseEngland's autumn covid and influenza vaccination campaigns for adults will start in October this year, to "maximise and extend protection during the winter," NHS England has said. 1 1 NHS England.Autumn/winter (AW) 2023-24 flu and covid-19 seasonal campaign.Aug 2023.https://www.england.nhs.uk/long-read/autumn-winteraw-2023-24-flu-and-covid-19-seasonal-campaign. 2 JCVI advises on eligible groups for 2023 autumn booster.https://www.gov.uk/
The future is now: the Global Atopic Dermatitis Atlas (GADA)
Authors: Bernd W M Arents, Esther J van Zuuren, Olivia Hughes, Zbys Fedorowicz, Carsten Flohr
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

The International League of Dermatological Societies initiated the Global Atopic Dermatitis Atlas (GADA) in 2022 to address the worldwide differences in prevalence and disease burden of atopic dermatitis (AD), and the lack of data in many middle- and low-income settings. To establish a baseline, the inaugural Global Report on Atopic Dermatitis was recently published. Moving forward, GADA will provide a ‘go to’ hub for AD burden data through regular systematic evidence syntheses and fieldwork in hitherto unstudied populations.
EHR-Safe: generating high-fidelity and privacy-preserving synthetic electronic health records
Authors: Jinsung Yoon, Michel Mizrahi, Nahid Farhady Ghalaty, Thomas Jarvinen, Ashwin S. Ravi, Peter Brune, Fanyu Kong, Dave Anderson, George Lee, Arie Meir, Farhana Bandukwala, Elli Kanal, Sercan Ö. Arık, Tomas Pfister
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2023)

Abstract Privacy concerns often arise as the key bottleneck for the sharing of data between consumers and data holders, particularly for sensitive data such as Electronic Health Records (EHR). This impedes the application of data analytics and ML-based innovations with tremendous potential. One promising approach for such privacy concerns is to instead use synthetic data. We propose a generative modeling framework, EHR-Safe, for generating highly realistic and privacy-preserving synthetic EHR data. EHR-Safe is based on a two-stage model that consists of sequential encoder-decoder networks and generative adversarial networks. Our innovations focus on the key challenging aspects of real-world EHR data: heterogeneity, sparsity, coexistence of numerical and categorical features with distinct characteristics, and time-varying features with highly-varying sequence lengths. Under numerous evaluations, we demonstrate that the fidelity of EHR-Safe is almost-identical with real data (&lt;3% accuracy difference for the models trained on them) while yielding almost-ideal performance in practical privacy metrics.
CathAI: fully automated coronary angiography interpretation and stenosis estimation
Authors: Robert Avram, Jeffrey E. Olgin, Zeeshan Ahmed, Louis Verreault-Julien, Alvin Wan, Joshua Barrios, Sean Abreau, Derek Wan, Joseph E. Gonzalez, Jean-Claude Tardif, Derek Y. So, Krishan Soni, Geoffrey H. Tison
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2023)

Coronary angiography is the primary procedure for diagnosis and management decisions in coronary artery disease (CAD), but ad-hoc visual assessment of angiograms has high variability. Here we report a fully automated approach to interpret angiographic coronary artery stenosis from standard coronary angiograms. Using 13,843 angiographic studies from 11,972 adult patients at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), between April 1, 2008 and December 31, 2019, we train neural networks to accomplish four sequential necessary tasks for automatic coronary artery stenosis localization and estimation. Algorithms are internally validated against criterion-standard labels for each task in hold-out test datasets. Algorithms are then externally validated in real-world angiograms from the University of Ottawa Heart Institute (UOHI) and also retrained using quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) data from the Montreal Heart Institute (MHI) core lab. The CathAI system achieves state-of-the-art performance across all tasks on unselected, real-world angiograms. Positive predictive value, sensitivity and F1 score are all ≥90% to identify projection angle and ≥93% for left/right coronary artery angiogram detection. To predict obstructive CAD stenosis (≥70%), CathAI exhibits an AUC of 0.862 (95% CI: 0.843-0.880). In UOHI external validation, CathAI achieves AUC 0.869 (95% CI: 0.830-0.907) to predict obstructive CAD. In the MHI QCA dataset, CathAI achieves an AUC of 0.775 (95%. CI: 0.594-0.955) after retraining. In conclusion, multiple purpose-built neural networks can function in sequence to accomplish automated analysis of real-world angiograms, which could increase standardization and reproducibility in angiographic coronary stenosis assessment.
18F-FES Uptake in Radiation Pneumonitis
Authors: Aparna Mahalik, Beena Chaudhary, Rakesh Kumar, Madhavi Tripathi, Chandrasekhar Bal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

18 F-FDG uptake in radiation pneumonitis is well documented; however, the same is less so for 18 F-floroestradiol (FES), which specifically binds to the estrogen receptors in vivo. We observed increased FES uptake in the right lung of an estrogen receptor positive breast cancer patient who had undergone right modified radical mastectomy followed by radiation therapy to chest wall. The possibility of FES uptake in radiation pneumonitis must therefore be kept in mind while interpreting FES PET.
Asthma as an Inflammatory Reason of Tracheobronchial PSMA Uptake
Authors: Ángela Bronte Viedma, Juan Fernando Bastidas Tamayo, Juan José Rosales Castillo, Arantza Campo Ezquibela, Macarena Rodriguez-Fraile
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract A 53-year-old man with persisting increased serum prostate-specific antigen level (9.53 ng/mL) and repeated negative prostate biopsies was referred for a PET/CT with 68 Ga-PSMA-11. The PET/CT revealed focal uptake in the prostate suggestive of localized prostate cancer. Incidentally, it also showed a diffuse uptake in the tracheobronchial tree suspicious for a benign etiology. Because of the clinical history of asthma exacerbation in the previous week, further supplementary studies were performed showing a pathological fractional exhaled nitric oxide level (92 ppb; reference values, &lt;25 ppb) and mild airway obstruction in the spirometry. These findings confirmed asthma as an inflammatory etiology of the tracheobronchial PSMA uptake.
An Enigmatic Case of Skeletal Fluorosis
Authors: Kara M. DeMarco, Joshua W. Major, Colin R. Young, Arash Hassantoufighi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Skeletal fluorosis is more common in the developing world, but is occasionally seen in the United States. We present radiographic, scintigraphic, CT, and clinical images of a 26-year-old woman with rapidly progressive, debilitating, polyostotic periostitis, and diffuse osteosclerosis typical of skeletal fluorosis. Laboratory analyses supported this diagnosis. The source of excess fluoride intake was elusive until a concurrent mental health workup revealed the patient’s proclivity for inhaling air-duster cans containing difluoroethane. Difluoroethane inhalant abuse is an increasingly reported cause of skeletal fluorosis that astute clinicians should recognize. Discontinuation and sobriety from this toxic agent are essential for recovery.
Excellent Response to Full-Dose 177Lu-PSMA-617 RLT in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer With Transplant Kidney
Authors: Raza Abbas Mahdi, Piyush Aggarwal, Suraj Kumar, Ashwani Sood, Davinder Paul, Bhagwant Rai Mittal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

177 Lu-PSMA radioligand therapy (RLT) has shown very encouraging results in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients with acceptable adverse events. The adverse events of RLT are mainly limited to salivary glands and kidneys. However, there is dearth of available data of RLT in transplanted kidney patients with mCRPC. Here is a case of 68-year-old mCRPC patient with history of renal transplant who underwent 4 cycles of 177 Lu-PSMA-617 RLT (~7.4 GBq/cycle). Posttherapy serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate remained stable along with excellent response and symptomatic improvement, thus demonstrating the safety of full dose of 177 Lu-PSMA in renal transplant patients.
Intensifying treatment in PET-positive multiple myeloma patients after upfront autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Jakob Nordberg Nørgaard, Niels Abildgaard, Anna Lysén, Galina Tsykunova, Annette Juul Vangsted, Cristina João, Nora Remen, Lene Kongsgaard Nielsen, Liv Osnes, Caroline Stokke, James P. Connelly, Mona-Elisabeth R. Revheim, Fredrik Schjesvold
Journal: Leukemia (2023)
The collision of ChatGPT and traditional medicine: a perspective from bibliometric analysis
Authors: Zhimin Tan, Qiyu He, Shijian Feng
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

aDepartment of Anaesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China bDepartment of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China Zhimin Tan, Qiyu He These authors have contributed equally to this work. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China. E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Feng). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
When I use a word . . . ChatGPT: a differential diagnosis
Authors: Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is much in the news. Since the emergence of ChatGPT, one of the latest variants of Generative Pre-trained Transformers or GPTs, as the AI jargon has it, the media have been full of it, highlighting its advantages and potential dangers. When I gave ChatGPT a range of crossword clues to solve, both cryptic and general knowledge, it performed badly. Even when it got the answers right, its explanations were illogical and sometimes of the nature of fantasies. It was also dogmatic in its insistence that its answers were correct. The purveying of false information in this way is known in AI circles as hallucination. It is reminiscent of the clinical phenomena of confabulation and pseudologia fantastica. Might ChatGPT have a form of Munchausen's syndrome, of which pseudologia fantastica is a cardinal feature?
The vast chasm in ChatGPT assisting in realistic surgery
Authors: Xinxin Sun, Jingbo Wei, Xiaojing Wang, Bing Wang, Zhixiang Fan, Shi Wan, Ke Zhang, DongMei Huang, Qing Zhang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Sun, Xinxin; Wei, Jingbo; Wang, Xiaojing; Wang, Bing; Fan, Zhixiang; Wan, Shi; Zhang, Ke; Huang, DongMei; Zhang, Qing Author Information
Intraoperative endomanometric laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication improves postoperative outcomes in large sliding hiatus hernias with severe gastroesophageal reflux disease: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tamer.A.A.M. Habeeb, Abdulzahra Hussain, Mauro Podda, Alberto Aiolfi, Igor A. Kryvoruchko, Abd-Elfattah Kalmoush, Mohamed fathy labib, Fawzy M Mustafa, Hamdi Elbelkasi, Ahmed Hamdy, Mohamed Ibrahim Abo Alsaad, Ahmed M. Sallam, Mohamed Abdallah Zaitoun, Mohamed negm, Abdelshafy Mostafa, Mahmoud Abdou Yassin, Tamer Mohamed Elshahidy, Ashraf abdelmonem elsayed, Mohamed Ibrahim Mansour, Mostafa.M. Elaidy, Adel Mahmoud Moursi, Ahmed m yehia, Hassan Ashour, Abd-Elrahman M. Metwalli, Waleed A. abdelhady, Amr Abdelghani, Ehab shehata AbdAllah, Alaaedin Ramadan, Tamer Rushdy
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) is the gold standard surgical intervention for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). LNF can be followed by recurrent symptoms or complications affecting patient satisfaction. The aim of this study is to assess the value of the intraoperative endomanometric evaluation of esophagogastric competence and pressure combined with LNF in patients with large sliding hiatus hernia (>5 cm) with severe GERD (DeMeester score >100).This is a retrospective, multicenter cohort study. Baseline characteristics, postoperative dysphagia and gas bloat syndrome, recurrent symptoms, and satisfaction were collected from a prospectively maintained database. Outcomes analyzed included recurrent reflux symptoms, postoperative side effects, and satisfaction with surgery.Three hundred sixty patients were stratified into endomanometric LNF (180 patients, LNF+) and LNF alone (180 patients, LNF). Recurrent heartburn (3.9 vs. 8.3%) and recurrent regurgitation (2.2 vs. 5%) showed a lower incidence in the LNF+ group ( P =0.012). Postoperative score III recurrent heartburn and score III regurgitations occurred in 0 vs. 3.3% and 0 vs. 2.8% cases in the LNF+ and LNF groups, respectively ( P =0.005). Postoperative persistent dysphagia and gas bloat syndrome occurred in 1.75 vs. 5.6% and 0 vs. 3.9% of patients ( P =0.001). Score III postoperative persistent dysphagia was 0 vs. 2.8% in the two groups ( P =0.007). There was no redo surgery for dysphagia after LNF+. Patient satisfaction at the end of the study was 93.3 vs. 86.7% in both cohorts, respectively ( P =0.05).Intraoperative high-resolution manometry and endoscopic were feasible in all patients, and the outcomes were favorable from an effectiveness and safety standpoint.
Emergence of mpox in the post-smallpox era—a narrative review on mpox epidemiology
Authors: Christophe Van Dijck, Nicole A. Hoff, Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, Nicola Low, Muge Cevik, Anne W. Rimoin, Jason Kindrachuk, Laurens Liesenborghs
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2023)

The 2022 mpox outbreak drew global attention to this neglected pathogen. While most of the world was taken by surprise, some countries have seen this pathogen emerge and become endemic several decades prior to this epidemic.This narrative review provides an overview of mpox epidemiology since its discovery through the 2022 global outbreak.We searched PubMed for relevant literature about mpox epidemiology and transmission through 28 February 2023.The emergence of human mpox is intertwined with the eradication of smallpox and the cessation of the global smallpox vaccination campaign. The first human clade I and II monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections were reported as zoonoses in Central and West Africa, respectively, around 1970 with sporadic infections reported throughout the rest of the decade. Over the next five decades, Clade I MPXV was more common and caused outbreaks of increasing size and frequency, mainly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Clade II MPXV was rarely observed, until its re-emergence and ongoing transmission in Nigeria, since 2017. Both clades showed a shift from zoonotic to human-to-human transmission, with potential transmission through sexual contact being observed in Nigeria. In 2022, clade II MPXV caused a large human outbreak which to date has caused over 86,000 cases in 110 countries, with strong evidence of transmission during sexual contact. By February 2023, the global epidemic has waned in most countries, but endemic regions continue to suffer from mpox.The changing epidemiology of mpox demonstrates how neglected zoonosis turned into a global health threat within a few decades. Thus, mpox pathophysiology and transmission dynamics need to be further investigated, and preventive and therapeutic interventions need to be evaluated. Outbreak response systems need to be strengthened and sustained in endemic regions to reduce the global threat of mpox.
Letter to the editor regarding ‘Effectiveness of the recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring during endoscopic thyroid surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis’
Authors: JunYong Chen, RuoJin Chen, Zhi Tang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

aDepartment of Otolaryngology, Xingtan Hospital Affiliated to Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China bDepartment of Otolaryngology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China JunYong Chen, RuoJin Chen Contributed equally to this work. Running Title: recurrent laryngeal nerve and endoscopic thyroid surgery. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Department of Otolaryngology, Xingtan Hospital Affiliated to Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China. E-mail address: [email protected] (Z. Tang). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Commending Public Health Scotland's evaluation of minimum unit pricing
Authors: Ian Gilmore, Ilora Finlay, Martin McKee, Michael Marmot, Sally Casswell, Peter Rice, Katherine Severi
Journal: The Lancet (2023)

We are concerned that the complaint from a member of the Scottish Parliament to the UK Statistics Authority regarding the findings of Public Health Scotland's evaluation of a minimum unit price for alcohol,1Public Health ScotlandEvaluating the impact of minimum unit pricing for alcohol in Scotland: a synthesis of the evidence.https://publichealthscotland.scot/publications/evaluating-the-impact-of-minimum-unit-pricing-for-alcohol-in-scotland-a-synthesis-of-the-evidenceDate: 2023Date accessed: August 1, 2023Google Scholar whether intentionally or not, gives the impression of seeking to undermine the policy. This high-quality evaluation studied a population-level intervention in a changing set of circumstances and a charged political environment. The 5-year legal challenge by parts of the alcohol industry indicates the commercial and political interests at play in alcohol policy in the UK and internationally. The key finding of the report estimated a 13·4% fall in alcohol-specific mortality in Scotland due to minimum unit pricing.2Wyper GMA Mackay DF Fraser C et al.Evaluating the impact of alcohol minimum unit pricing on deaths and hospitalisations in Scotland: a controlled interrupted time series study.Lancet. 2023; 401: 1361-1370Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (32) Google Scholar Comparing trends in Scotland and England, including during the COVID-19 pandemic when alcohol deaths were increasing in many countries,3White AM Castle IP Powell PA Hingson RW Koob GF Alcohol-related deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic.JAMA. 2022; 327: 1704-1706Crossref PubMed Scopus (145) Google Scholar, 4Office for National StatisticsAlcohol specific deaths in the UK: registered in 2021.https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/bulletins/Date: 2022Date accessed: August 1, 2023Google Scholar is an entirely appropriate approach. This summary of research on minimum unit pricing is comprehensive, including interviews with individuals who fear the policy will be detrimental to them personally or financially. The Public Health Scotland approach of emphasising population-level findings is the right one for assessing population-level interventions, such as minimum unit pricing. The alternatives proposed by the Scottish Conservatives are neither feasible nor appropriate. The concentration of the decrease in mortality in the lowest income groups is particularly welcome, as a narrowing of health inequalities was one of the key intentions of the policy and it has been achieved. Policy makers can be confident that there are several hundred people with low income in Scotland who would have died as a result of alcohol, who are alive today as a result of minimum unit pricing. IF, MMc, and IG are members of the Independent Commission on Alcohol Harm. All other authors declare no competing interests.
Palisaded neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Omar P. Sangueza, Misty D. Caudell, Yebabe M. Mengesha, Loretta S. Davis, Cheryl J. Barnes, Julia E. Griffin, Alan B. Fleischer, Joseph L. Jorizzo
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2002)
Immunogenicity and safety of a pentavalent meningococcal ABCWY vaccine in adolescents and young adults: an observer-blind, active-controlled, randomised trial
Authors: James Peterson, Daniel Drazan, Hanna Czajka, Jason Maguire, Jean-Louis Pregaldien, IIkka Seppa, Roger Maansson, Robert O'Neill, Paul Balmer, Luis Jodar, Kathrin U Jansen, Annaliesa S Anderson, John L Perez, Johannes Beeslaar
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2023)
A Dihydroartemisinin‐Loaded Nanoreactor Motivates Anti‐Cancer Immunotherapy by Synergy‐Induced Ferroptosis to Activate Cgas/STING for Reprogramming of Macrophage
Authors: Liu‐Gen Li, Xiao‐Xin Yang, Hua‐Zhen Xu, Ting‐Ting Yu, Qi‐Rui Li, Jun Hu, Xing‐Chun Peng, Ning Han, Xiang Xu, Nan‐Nan Chen, Xiao Chen, Jun‐Ming Tang, Tong‐Fei Li
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) characterized by an M2 phenotype is an overriding feature in malignant tumors. Reprogramming TAM is the most cutting-edge strategy for cancer therapy. In the present study, an iron-based metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoreactor loaded with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is developed, which provides high uptake by TAM and retains their viability, thus effectively addressing the inefficiency of the DHA at low concentrations. Impressively, DHA@MIL-101 can selectively accumulate in tumor tissues and remodel TAM to the M1 phenotype. The results of RNA sequencing further suggest that this nanoreactor may regulate ferroptosis, a DNA damage signaling pathway in TAM. Indeed, the outcomes confirm that DHA@MIL-101 triggers ferroptosis in TAM. In addition, the findings reveal that DNA damage induced by DHA nanoreactors activates the intracellular cGAS sensor, resulting in the binding of STING to IRF3 and thereby up-regulating the immunogenicity. In contrast, blocking ferroptosis impairs DHA@MIL-101-induced activation of STING signaling and phenotypic remodeling. Finally, it is shown that DHA nanoreactors deploy anti-tumor immunotherapy through ferroptosis-mediated TAM reprogramming. Taken together, immune efficacy is achieved through TAM's remodeling by delivering DHA and iron ions into TAM using nanoreactors, providing a novel approach for combining phytopharmaceuticals with nanocarriers to regulate the immune microenvironment.
Bivalent Gadolinium Ions Forming Injectable Hydrogels for Simultaneous In Situ Vaccination Therapy and Imaging of Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Chun Wang, Yuanhao Jing, Wenting Yu, Jie Gu, Zijian Wei, Anni Chen, Ying‐Tzu Yen, Xiaowen He, Lanqi Cen, Aoxing Chen, Xueru Song, Yirong Wu, Lixia Yu, Gaojian Tao, Baorui Liu, Shoufeng Wang, Bin Xue, Rutian Li
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Doxorubicin (DOX) is the classic soft tissue sarcomas (STS) first-line treatment drug, while dose-dependent myelosuppression and cardiotoxicity limit its application in clinic. This research intends to apply DOX, which is also an inducer of immunogenic cell death as a part for "in situ vaccination" and conjointly uses PD-1 inhibitors to enhance antitumor efficacy. In order to achieve the sustained vaccination effect and real-time monitoring of distribution in vivo, the in situ forming and injectable hydrogel platform with the function of visualization is established for local delivery. The hydrogel platform is synthesized by hyaluronic acid-dopamine coordinated with gadolinium ions (Gd