tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Voice Analysis Test for Detection of Behavior Pattern
Authors: Meyer Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Subjects exhibiting a behavior pattern (type A) previously found to be associated with a high prevalence and incidence rate of clinical coronary heart disease (CHD) and patients suffering from clinical coronary heart disease were subjected to a specially designed "voice analysis" test. Approximately 84% of the type A subjects and 76% of the patients with CHD responded to this test in a manner that allowed their differentiation from well subjects exhibiting a behavior pattern (type B) previously found to be associated with a low prevalence and incidence rate of CHD.
Incidence of Leukemia Following Treatment of Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Eugene L. Saenger
Journal: JAMA (1968)

This study was conducted to test for an increase in the incidence of leukemia in hyperthyroid patients treated by radioactive iodine<sup>131</sup>I as compared to the incidence in patients treated differently. Of 36,000 patients from 26 medical centers, approximately 22,000 were treated with<sup>131</sup>I and about 14,000 were treated surgically or solely with antithyroid drugs. More than 96% of patients were followed up. Forty-four cases of leukemia occurred after, and 16 before, treatment. The incidence of leukemia in patients treated with<sup>131</sup>I for hyperthyroidism and the incidence in those treated surgically do not differ. Patients both undergoing surgery and receiving<sup>131</sup>I have a higher incidence of leukemia than any other treatment group. The observed mortality from leukemia for hyperthyroid patients is 50% higher than that of the US population.
Medical Malpractice and Negligence
Authors: Edmund G. Doherty
Journal: JAMA (1977)

We compared a sample of 200 patients who filed a claim of malpractice or negligence against a large urban teaching hospital and its physicians, with a randomly drawn sample of 549 patients who had never filed a claim against the hospital. The two groups were compared on distributions by race, religion, occupation, age, and sex. In proportion to their representation in the control group, whites filed significantly more claims than nonwhites (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), Jewish people filed more claims than Protestants, and blue-collar workers brought fewer claims than white-collar or retired/unemployed workers. Claimants were significantly older than nonclaimants (<i>P</i>&lt;.05). Women filed a statistically nonsignificant greater number of claims than men did (<i>P</i>&gt;.20). (<i>JAMA</i>238:1656-1658, 1977)
The Orange People
Authors: John D. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE human race comes in various colors: white, yellow, brown, black, and all graduations in between. The American aborigines are described as Red Men and physicians are accustomed to seeing people gray with shock or blue with cyanosis. Yet to see a human as orange as an orange is so startling as to deserve comment—and to see two such cases merits reporting them, especially since no previous emphasis on such bizarre discoloration of patients can be found in medical literature. The parents of orange are the primary colors yellow and red, a fact as old as the history of pigments. Certain foodstuffs have a high content of the yellow pigment carotene, such as carrots and squash; and certain others have a high content of the red pigment lycopene, notably tomatoes and beets. Yellowish discoloration of the skin and other body tissues with carotene is referred to as carotenemia, a not
Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Marie R. Griffin
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Strict criteria were used to identify all definite, probable, and possible cases of endocarditis in residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1950 through 1981. The mean annual age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates per 100,000 person-years were 3.8 for total cases and 3.2 for definite and probable cases only. Total rates were 4.3 for 1950 through 1959, 3.3 for 1960 through 1969, and 3.9 for 1970 through 1981. Rheumatic heart disease was the underlying disorder in 26% of cases, with a shift noted during 1970 through 1981 to involvement of prosthetic rather than natural valves in these patients. Mitral valve prolapse was identified in 17% of cases. No source of infection could be identified in 41% of cases, including half of those cases with rheumatic or congenital heart disease. In cases diagnosed prior to autopsy, the 60-day fatality fell from 46% during 1950 through 1959 to 22% and 26% during 1960 through 1969 and 1970 through 1981, respectively. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:1199-1202)
Diagnostic Accuracy and Appropriateness of Care for Seborrheic Keratoses
Authors: Robert S. Stern
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In 1985 there were more than 40 million visits for ambulatory surgical procedures in the United States. Although benign cutaneous lesions are among the most frequent conditions to receive surgical treatment in ambulatory settings, their treatment is seldom subject to peer review. In this pilot study we assessed diagnostic accuracy and appropriateness of care using information available from the surgical pathology laboratory. We assessed these two measures of physician performance for 527 seborrheic keratoses removed by 133 clinicians affiliated with four different institutions. Overall, a correct preoperative diagnosis was provided in only 49% of cases. Dermatologists had the highest diagnostic accuracy (61% vs 35% for all other physicians). An appropriate procedure for the actual pathological diagnosis was performed in only 50% of cases. Lesions with a correct preoperative diagnosis were more than eight times more likely to receive appropriate care. Our data suggest that many clinicians fail to note a correct diagnosis of common cutaneous lesions before surgical removal, and many patients are treated with procedures that are more invasive than necessary for the final pathological diagnosis. Because the approach used in this pilot study relies on data already available, it has promise as a low-cost method of monitoring the quality of care of ambulatory surgery. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:74-77)
Clinical competence in ambulatory electrocardiography. A statement for physicians from the AHA/ACC/ACP Task Force on Clinical Privileges in Cardiology.
Authors: S B Knoebel, S V Williams, J L Achord, W A Reynolds, C Fisch, G C Friesinger, F J Klocke, M Akhtar, T J Ryan, R C Schlant
Journal: Circulation (1993)
Lipoproteins and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Authors: D Steinberg
Journal: Circulation (1987)

It is now clear that hypercholesterolemia can, in some instances, be a necessary and sufficient cause of premature atherosclerosis. This has been best established in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, a deficiency of the low-density lipoprotein receptor. Although hypercholesterolemia is not the only cause of atherosclerosis, a large body of evidence has identified it as a determining cause in many cases. This article reviews current hypotheses regarding the mechanisms by which hypercholesterolemia accelerates atherogenesis. The role of the foam cell is discussed in detail because it is a characteristic feature of the earliest lesion, the so-called fatty streak. Once thought to derive exclusively from smooth muscle cells, the foam cell is now known to originate in large part from monocytes that enter the artery wall and alter their properties to become tissue macrophages. Recent studies of the biology of the macrophage-derived foam cell are providing new insights into the mechanisms by which it enters the arterial wall and interacts with various classes of native and modified lipoproteins. As our understanding of the biology of the foam cell and its precursors grows, it may become possible to intervene and slow the progress of atherosclerosis by new modalities that might act synergistically with measures to control plasma cholesterol levels.
Aspetar clinical practice guideline on rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Roula Kotsifaki, Vasileios Korakakis, Enda King, Olivia Barbosa, Dustin Maree, Michail Pantouveris, Andreas Bjerregaard, Julius Luomajoki, Jan Wilhelmsen, Rodney Whiteley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2023)

This guideline was developed to inform clinical practice on rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and was performed in accordance with the Appraisal of Guidelines for REsearch &amp; Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument and used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. A Guideline Development Group systematically searched and reviewed evidence using randomised clinical trials and systematic reviews to evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions and guide clinicians and patients on the content of the optimal rehabilitation protocol after ACLR. The guideline targets patients during rehabilitation after ACLR and investigates the effectiveness of the available interventions to the physiotherapist, alone or in combination (eg, exercise, modalities, objective progression criteria). Exercise interventions should be considered the mainstay of ACLR rehabilitation. However, there is little evidence on the dose–response relationship between volume and/or intensity of exercise and outcomes. Physical therapy modalities can be helpful as an adjunct in the early phase of rehabilitation when pain, swelling and limitations in range of motion are present. Adding modalities in the early phase may allow earlier pain-free commencement of exercise rehabilitation. Return to running and return to training/activity are key milestones for rehabilitation after ACLR. However, there is no evidence on which progression or discharge criteria should be used. While there is a very low level of certainty for most components of rehabilitation, most of the recommendations provided in this guideline were agreed to by expert clinicians. This guideline also highlights several new elements of ACLR management not reported previously.
Dose escalation randomised study of efmarodocokin alfa in healthy volunteers and patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Frank Wagner, John C Mansfield, Annemarie N Lekkerkerker, Yehong Wang, Mary Keir, Ajit Dash, Brandon Butcher, Brandon Harder, Luz D Orozco, Jordan S Mar, Hao Chen, Michael E Rothenberg
Journal: Gut (2023)

Background The interleukin-22 cytokine (IL-22) has demonstrated efficacy in preclinical colitis models with non-immunosuppressive mechanism of action. Efmarodocokin alfa (UTTR1147A) is a fusion protein agonist that links IL-22 to the crystallisable fragment (Fc) of human IgG 4 for improved pharmacokinetic characteristics, but with a mutation to minimise Fc effector functions. Methods This randomised, phase 1b study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of repeat intravenous dosing of efmarodocokin alfa in healthy volunteers (HVs; n=32) and patients with ulcerative colitis (n=24) at 30–90 µg/kg doses given once every 2 weeks or monthly (every 4 weeks) for 12 weeks (6:2 active:placebo per cohort). Results The most common adverse events (AEs) were on-target, reversible, dermatological effects (dry skin, erythema and pruritus). Dose-limiting non-serious dermatological AEs (severe dry skin, erythema, exfoliation and discomfort) were seen at 90 μg/kg once every 2 weeks (HVs, n=2; patients, n=1). Pharmacokinetics were generally dose-proportional across the dose levels, but patients demonstrated lower drug exposures relative to HVs at the same dose. IL-22 serum biomarkers and IL-22-responsive genes in colon biopsies were induced with active treatment, and microbiota composition changed consistent with a reversal in baseline dysbiosis. As a phase 1b study, efficacy endpoints were exploratory only. Clinical response was observed in 7/18 active-treated and 1/6 placebo-treated patients; clinical remission was observed in 5/18 active-treated and 0/6 placebo-treated patients. Conclusion Efmarodocokin alfa had an adequate safety and pharmacokinetic profile in HVs and patients. Biomarker data confirmed IL-22R pathway activation in the colonic epithelium. Results support further investigation of this non-immunosuppressive potential inflammatory bowel disease therapeutic. Trial registration number NCT02749630 .
Air pollution associated with incidence and progression trajectory of chronic lung diseases: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Xiaojie Wang, Lan Chen, Miao Cai, Fei Tian, Hongtao Zou, Zhengmin (Min) Qian, Zilong Zhang, Haitao Li, Chongjian Wang, Steven W Howard, Yang Peng, Li’e Zhang, Elizabeth Bingheim, Hualiang Lin, Yunfeng Zou
Journal: Thorax (2023)

Background No prior study has examined the effects of air pollution on the progression from healthy to chronic lung disease, subsequent chronic lung multimorbidity and further to death. Methods We used data from the UK Biobank of 265 506 adults free of chronic lung disease at recruitment. Chronic lung multimorbidity was defined as the coexistence of at least two chronic lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. The concentrations of air pollutants were estimated using land-use regression models. Multistate models were applied to assess the effect of air pollution on the progression of chronic lung multimorbidity. Results During a median follow-up of 11.9 years, 13 863 participants developed at least one chronic lung disease, 1055 developed chronic lung multimorbidity and 12 772 died. We observed differential associations of air pollution with different trajectories of chronic lung multimorbidity. Fine particulate matter showed the strongest association with all five transitions, with HRs (95% CI) per 5 µg/m 3 increase of 1.31 (1.22 to 1.42) and 1.27 (1.01 to 1.57) for transitions from healthy to incident chronic lung disease and from incident chronic lung disease to chronic lung multimorbidity, and 1.32 (1.21 to 1.45), 1.24 (1.01 to 1.53) and 1.91 (1.14 to 3.20) for mortality risk from healthy, incident chronic lung disease and chronic lung multimorbidity, respectively. Conclusion Our study provides the first evidence that ambient air pollution could affect the progression from free of chronic lung disease to incident chronic lung disease, chronic lung multimorbidity and death.
Virus-like Particles in Sera of Patients With Infectious and Serum Hepatitis
Authors: Richard J. Hirschman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

In a prospective study of patients with serum hepatitis, 46 (74%) of 62 had Australia antigen in their serum. This high frequency of detectable antigen was probably due to sampling at weekly intervals during the acute phase of the disease. Antigen became detectable 35 to 120 days after exposure to contaminated blood products and persisted for one week to three months in 42 patients, and for more than ten months in 4 patients. Two of 128 healthy chimpanzees and one of 14 healthy gibbons also had the antigen. Antigens found in sera of patients with infectious or serum hepatitis and in ape sera were immunologically identical. Electron microscopy revealed morphologically similar virus-like particles both in sera from patients with hepatitis and from healthy apes. Australia antigen appears to be hepatitis virus itself, and a single virus group may be responsible for both infectious and serum hepatitis.
Excess risk of cardiovascular events in patients in the United States vs. Japan with chronic kidney disease is mediated mainly by left ventricular structure and function
Authors: Takahiro Imaizumi, Naohiko Fujii, Takayuki Hamano, Wei Yang, Masataka Taguri, Mayank Kansal, Rupal Mehta, Tariq Shafi, Jonathan Taliercio, Alan Go, Panduranga Rao, L. Lee Hamm, Rajat Deo, Shoichi Maruyama, Masafumi Fukagawa, Harold I. Feldman, Lawrence J. Appel, Jing Chen, Debbie L. Cohen, James P. Lash, Robert G. Nelson, Panduranga S. Rao, Mahboob Rahman, Vallabh O. Shah, Mark L. Unruh
Journal: Kidney International (2023)

While patients receiving dialysis therapy in the United States are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) than those in Japan, direct comparisons of patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) are rare. To study this, we compared various outcomes in patients with predialysis CKD using data from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) and CKD Japan Cohort (CKD-JAC) studies and determined mediators of any differences. Candidate mediators included left ventricular (LV) indices assessed by echocardiography. Among 3125 CRIC and 1097 CKD-JAC participants, the mean LV mass index (LVMI) and ejection fraction (EF) were 55.7 and 46.6 g/m
Pretomanid-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Niklas Koehler, Sönke Andres, Matthias Merker, Viola Dreyer, Agnieszka John, Martin Kuhns, David Krieger, Eva Choong, Nick Verougstraete, Pia Abel zur Wiesch, Sebastian G. Wicha, Christina König, Barbara Kalsdorf, Patricia M. Sanchez Carballo, Dagmar Schaub, Jim Werngren, Thomas Schön, Charles A. Peloquin, Nicolas Schönfeld, Alain G. Verstraete, Laurent A. Decosterd, Rob Aarnoutse, Stefan Niemann, Florian P. Maurer, Christoph Lange
Journal: Journal of Infection (2023)
Phagocytosis in the retina promotes local insulin production in the eye
Authors: J. Iker Etchegaray, Shannon Kelley, Kristen Penberthy, Laura Karvelyte, Yosuke Nagasaka, Sofia Gasperino, Soumen Paul, Vikram Seshadri, Michael Raymond, Ana Royo Marco, Jonathan Pinney, Marta Stremska, Brady Barron, Christopher Lucas, Nishikant Wase, Yong Fan, Emil Unanue, Bijoy Kundu, Tal Burstyn-Cohen, Justin Perry, Jayakrishna Ambati, Kodi S. Ravichandran
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2023)
Implementing clinical trial data sharing requires training a new generation of biomedical researchers
Authors: Ulrich Mansmann, Clara Locher, Fabian Prasser, Tracey Weissgerber, Ulrich Sax, Martin Posch, Evelyne Decullier, Ioana A. Cristea, Thomas P. A. Debray, Leonhard Held, David Moher, John P. A. Ioannidis, Joseph S. Ross, Christian Ohmann, Florian Naudet
Journal: Nature Medicine (2023)
First-line serplulimab or placebo plus chemotherapy in PD-L1-positive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a randomized, double-blind phase 3 trial
Authors: Yan Song, Bo Zhang, Dao Xin, Xiaoge Kou, Zhenbo Tan, Shu Zhang, Meili Sun, Jin Zhou, Min Fan, Ming Zhang, Yongxiang Song, Suyi Li, Yuan Yuan, Wu Zhuang, Jingdong Zhang, Li Zhang, Hao Jiang, Kangsheng Gu, Huangyang Ye, Ying Ke, Jing Li, Qingyu Wang, Jun Zhu, Jing Huang
Journal: Nature Medicine (2023)

Abstract First-line systemic therapeutic options for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are limited. In this multicenter, double-blind phase 3 trial, a total of 551 patients with previously untreated, locally advanced or metastatic ESCC and PD-L1 combined positive score of ≥1 were randomized (2:1) to receive serplulimab (an anti-PD-1 antibody; 3 mg/kg) or placebo (on day 1), plus cisplatin (50 mg/m 2 ) (on day 1) and continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (1,200 mg/m 2 ) (on days 1 and 2), once every 2 weeks. The study met the primary endpoints. At the prespecified final analysis of progression-free survival (PFS) assessed by the blinded independent radiological review committee, serplulimab plus chemotherapy significantly improved PFS compared with placebo plus chemotherapy (median PFS of 5.8 months and 5.3 months, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.48–0.75; P &lt; 0.0001). At the prespecified interim analysis of overall survival (OS), serplulimab plus chemotherapy also significantly prolonged OS compared with placebo plus chemotherapy (median OS of 15.3 months and 11.8 months, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.53–0.87; P = 0.0020). Grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events occurred in 201 (53%) and 81 (48%) patients in the serplulimab plus chemotherapy group and the placebo plus chemotherapy group, respectively. Serplulimab plus chemotherapy administered every 2 weeks significantly improved PFS and OS in patients with previously untreated, PD-L1-positive advanced ESCC, with a manageable safety profile. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT03958890 ).
Author Correction: De novo genome assembly and analyses of 12 founder inbred lines provide insights into maize heterosis
Authors: Baobao Wang, Mei Hou, Junpeng Shi, Lixia Ku, Wei Song, Chunhui Li, Qiang Ning, Xin Li, Changyu Li, Binbin Zhao, Ruyang Zhang, Hua Xu, Zhijing Bai, Zhanchao Xia, Hai Wang, Dexin Kong, Hongbin Wei, Yifeng Jing, Zhouyan Dai, Hu Hailing Wang, Xinyu Zhu, Chunhui Li, Xuan Sun, Shuaishuai Wang, Wen Yao, Gege Hou, Zhi Qi, He Dai, Xuming Li, Hongkun Zheng, Zuxin Zhang, Yu Li, Tianyu Wang, Taijiao Jiang, Zhaoman Wan, Yanhui Chen, Jiuran Zhao, Jinsheng Lai, Haiyang Wang
Journal: Nature Genetics (2023)
Management of mammalian bites
Authors: Isabelle N Colmers-Gray, John SP Tulloch, Geneviève Dostaler, Anthony D Bai
Journal: BMJ (2023)

### What you need to know Domestic and wild mammalian bite wounds are increasing.1234 Annually, 15 in 100 000 adults in England are hospitalised for dog bites—rising twofold from 1998 to 2018, faster than the rise in dog numbers.5 A study estimates 17 in 1000 individuals experience animal bites annually, predominantly from dogs, cats, and monkeys.3 Cat bites are highest among women and children and comprise 3% to 25% of all bite wounds, with substantial geographical variation.67 In some areas, dog bites among children increased during the covid-19 pandemic.8 Mammalian bite wounds have high risks of infection and complication910 that can be reduced with proper management. Here we offer generalist and acute care physicians a practical approach to wound management, considerations regarding infection, and public health implications, with a special focus on dogs, cats, and humans. We recommend adapting our guidance to local expertise, resources, and protocols. Seek to identify the mechanism of injury, gather information specific to the animal, and assess risk of infection. Key factors to note are: ### Animal and injury factors ### Patient factors
Integrative multi-omics networks identify PKCδ and DNA-PK as master kinases of glioblastoma subtypes and guide targeted cancer therapy
Authors: Simona Migliozzi, Young Taek Oh, Mohammad Hasanain, Luciano Garofano, Fulvio D’Angelo, Ryan D. Najac, Alberto Picca, Franck Bielle, Anna Luisa Di Stefano, Julie Lerond, Jann N. Sarkaria, Michele Ceccarelli, Marc Sanson, Anna Lasorella, Antonio Iavarone
Journal: Nature Cancer (2023)

Despite producing a panoply of potential cancer-specific targets, the proteogenomic characterization of human tumors has yet to demonstrate value for precision cancer medicine. Integrative multi-omics using a machine-learning network identified master kinases responsible for effecting phenotypic hallmarks of functional glioblastoma subtypes. In subtype-matched patient-derived models, we validated PKCδ and DNA-PK as master kinases of glycolytic/plurimetabolic and proliferative/progenitor subtypes, respectively, and qualified the kinases as potent and actionable glioblastoma subtype-specific therapeutic targets. Glioblastoma subtypes were associated with clinical and radiomics features, orthogonally validated by proteomics, phospho-proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics and acetylomics analyses, and recapitulated in pediatric glioma, breast and lung squamous cell carcinoma, including subtype specificity of PKCδ and DNA-PK activity. We developed a probabilistic classification tool that performs optimally with RNA from frozen and paraffin-embedded tissues, which can be used to evaluate the association of therapeutic response with glioblastoma subtypes and to inform patient selection in prospective clinical trials.
Mapping thalamic innervation to individual L2/3 pyramidal neurons and modeling their ‘readout’ of visual input
Authors: Aygul Balcioglu, Rebecca Gillani, Michael Doron, Kendyll Burnell, Taeyun Ku, Alev Erisir, Kwanghun Chung, Idan Segev, Elly Nedivi
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2023)