tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Post hoc analysis of the SONAR trial indicates that the endothelin receptor antagonist atrasentan is associated with less pain in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kam Wa Chan, J. David Smeijer, Meir Schechter, Niels Jongs, Priya Vart, Donald E. Kohan, Ron T. Gansevoort, Adrian Liew, Sydney C.W. Tang, Christoph Wanner, Dick de Zeeuw, Hiddo J.L. Heerspink
Journal: Kidney International (2023)

Pain is prevalent among patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The management of chronic pain in these patients is limited by nephrotoxicity of commonly used drugs including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids. Since previous studies implicated endothelin-1 in pain nociception, our post hoc analysis of the SONAR trial assessed the association between the endothelin receptor antagonist atrasentan and pain and prescription of analgesics. SONAR was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that recruited participants with type 2 diabetes and CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate 25-75 ml/min/1.73 m2; urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio 300-5000 mg/g). Participants were randomized to receive atrasentan or placebo (1834 each arm). The main outcome was pain-related adverse events (AEs) reported by investigators. We applied Cox regression to assess the effect of atrasentan compared to placebo on the risk of the first reported pain-related AE and, secondly, first prescription of analgesics. We used the Anderson-Gill method to assess effects on all (first and subsequent) pain-related AEs. During 2.2-year median follow-up, 1183 pain-related AEs occurred. Rates for the first pain-related event were 138.2 and 170.2 per 1000 person-years in the atrasentan and placebo group respectively (hazard ratio 0.82 [95% confidence interval 0.72-0.93]). Atrasentan also reduced the rate of all (first and subsequent) pain-related AEs (rate ratio 0.80 [0.70-0.91]). These findings were similar after accounting for competing risk of death (sub-hazard ratio 0.81 [0.71-0.92]). Patients treated with atrasentan initiated fewer analgesics including NSAIDs and opioids compared to placebo during follow-up (hazard ratio = 0.72 [0.60-0.88]). Thus, atrasentan was associated with reduced pain-related events and pain-related use of analgesics in carefully selected patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD.
Dual-Hand Motion Capture by Using Biological Inspiration for Bionic Bimanual Robot Teleoperation
Authors: Qing Gao, Zhiwen Deng, Zhaojie Ju, Tianwei Zhang
Journal: Cyborg and Bionic Systems (2023)

Bionic bimanual robot teleoperation can transfer the grasping and manipulation skills of human dual hands to the bionic bimanual robots to realize natural and flexible manipulation. The motion capture of dual hands plays an important role in the teleoperation. The motion information of dual hands can be captured through the hand detection, localization, and pose estimation and mapped to the bionic bimanual robots to realize the teleoperation. However, although the motion capture technology has achieved great achievements in recent years, visual dual-hand motion capture is still a great challenge. So, this work proposed a dual-hand detection method and a 3-dimensional (3D) hand pose estimation method based on body and hand biological inspiration to achieve convenient and accurate monocular dual-hand motion capture and bionic bimanual robot teleoperation. First, a dual-hand detection method based on body structure constraints is proposed, which uses a parallel structure to combine hand and body relationship features. Second, a 3D hand pose estimation method with bone-constraint loss from single RGB images is proposed. Then, a bionic bimanual robot teleoperation method is designed by using the proposed hand detection and pose estimation methods. Experiment results on public hand datasets show that the performances of the proposed hand detection and 3D hand pose estimation outperform state-of-the-art methods. Experiment results on a bionic bimanual robot teleoperation platform shows the effectiveness of the proposed teleoperation method.
Declining Incidence Rates of Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy in People With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Denmark, With Indications of Distinct Patterns in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Hatice Isik Mizrak, Tine Willum Hansen, Peter Rossing, Viktor Rotbain Curovic, Dorte Vistisen, Hanan Amadid, Christian Stevns Hansen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2023)

It is not known if incidence rates for diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) are decreasing, as they are for other diabetic complications. Here, we investigated incidence rates of DSPN in type 1 and type 2 diabetes in a large population-based study.
“Global disease detection—free to all.” Or not.
Authors: None The Lancet Microbe
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2023)

On July 14, the International Society for Infectious Diseases (ISID), the organisation that runs the Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases (ProMED), announced fundamental changes to the programme: interruption of Twitter and RSS feeds, posts searchable only for the previous month, financing via a paid subscription model, and enforcement of the programme's terms of service. The announcement was received with dismay by the infectious disease community, including several ProMED moderators and editors unaware of these decisions.
Healthy ageing from birth to age 84 years in the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, Finland: a longitudinal study
Authors: Tuija M Mikkola, Hannu Kautiainen, Mikaela B von Bonsdorff, Niko S Wasenius, Minna K Salonen, Markus J Haapanen, Eero Kajantie, Johan G Eriksson
Journal: The Lancet Healthy Longevity (2023)
Viral kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 following onset of COVID-19 in symptomatic patients infected with the ancestral strain and omicron BA.2 in Hong Kong: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Yun Lin, Peng Wu, Tim K Tsang, Jessica Y Wong, Eric H Y Lau, Bingyi Yang, Gabriel M Leung, Benjamin J Cowling
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2023)
Longitudinal impact of distinct infection trajectories on all-cause mortality of older people in Taiwan: a retrospective, nationwide, population-based study
Authors: Hung-Yu Lin, Fei-Yuan Hsiao, Shih-Tsung Huang, Yee-Chun Chen, Shu-Wen Lin, Liang-Kung Chen
Journal: The Lancet Healthy Longevity (2023)

Infectious diseases are the leading cause of deaths in adults aged 65 years or older. Studies of adverse infection outcomes have been limited to specific infections and acute episodes and have not investigated longitudinal trends of cumulative infections. We aimed to identify distinct trajectories of longitudinal infection episodes in older adults and to assess their corresponding risk of all-cause mortality.In this retrospective cohort study, we included people aged 65 years or older who were admitted to hospital between Jan 1 and Dec 31, 2011, with one of the following infections: urinary tract, pneumonia, sepsis, cellulitis, cholecystitis, peritonitis, endocarditis, and meningitis. Participants were identified from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. We analysed infection episodes on a quarterly basis during a 5-year period (2011-15) and used group-based trajectory modelling to identify distinct trajectories. We examined the associations between infection trajectories and all-cause mortality using Kaplan-Meier curves and the Cox proportional hazard model.Among 79 666 eligible older adults, we identified four distinct infection trajectories over the 5-year follow-up: infrequent (58 619 [73·6%]), increasing (9746 [12·2%]), decreasing (9069 [11·4%]), and frequent (2232 [2·8%]). Compared with people with infrequent infections, the adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were 2·96 (95% CI 2·82-3·11) in participants with frequent infections, 2·15 (2·09-2·22) in those with increasing infections, and 1·85 (1·80-1·91) in those with decreasing infections.Older adults with multiple infection episodes, irrespective of type, pathogens, and distinct infection pattern, had greater risk of all-cause mortality compared with those with infrequent infections. Further research to define the overall infection burden in older adults is needed for risk stratification and to inform prevention strategies.The Interdisciplinary Research Center for Healthy Longevity of National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University from The Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education, the National Science and Technology Council, and the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan.
Does prior concussion lead to biomechanical alterations associated with lateral ankle sprain and anterior cruciate ligament injury? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tsung-Yeh Chou, Yu-Lun Huang, Willie Leung, Cathleen N Brown, Thomas W Kaminski, Marc F Norcross
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2023)

To determine whether individuals with a prior concussion exhibit biomechanical alterations in balance, gait and jump-landing tasks with and without cognitive demands that are associated with risk of lateral ankle sprain (LAS) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.Systematic review and meta-analysis.Five electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, SPORTDiscus and CiNAHL) were searched in April 2023.Included studies involved (1) concussed participants, (2) outcome measures of spatiotemporal, kinematic or kinetic data and (3) a comparison or the data necessary to compare biomechanical variables between individuals with and without concussion history or before and after a concussion.Twenty-seven studies were included involving 1544 participants (concussion group (n=757); non-concussion group (n=787)). Individuals with a recent concussion history (within 2 months) had decreased postural stability (g=0.34, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.49, p<0.001) and slower locomotion-related performance (g=0.26, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.41, p<0.001), both of which are associated with LAS injury risk. Furthermore, alterations in frontal plane kinetics (g=0.41, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.79, p=0.033) and sagittal plane kinematics (g=0.30, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.50, p=0.002) were observed in individuals approximately 2 years following concussion, both of which are associated with ACL injury risk. The moderator analyses indicated cognitive demands (ie, working memory, inhibitory control tasks) affected frontal plane kinematics (p=0.009), but not sagittal plane kinematics and locomotion-related performance, between the concussion and non-concussion groups.Following a recent concussion, individuals display decreased postural stability and slower locomotion-related performance, both of which are associated with LAS injury risk. Moreover, individuals within 2 years following a concussion also adopt a more erect landing posture with greater knee internal adduction moment, both of which are associated with ACL injury risk. While adding cognitive demands to jump-landing tasks affected frontal plane kinematics during landing, the altered movement patterns in locomotion and sagittal plane kinematics postconcussion persisted regardless of additional cognitive demands.CRD42021248916.
Measurable Residual Disease Testing in Multiple Myeloma Routine Clinical Practice: A Modified Delphi Study
Authors: Karthik Ramasamy, Hervé Avet-Loiseau, Cecilie Hveding Blimark, Michel Delforge, Francesca Gay, Salomon Manier, Joaquín Martinez-Lopez, Maria Victoria Mateos, Mohamad Mohty, Niels W.C.J. van de Donk, Katja Weisel
Journal: HemaSphere (2023)

We used a modified Delphi approach to establish areas of consensus and nonconsensus regarding the utility of determining measurable residual disease (MRD) to assess multiple myeloma (MM) treatment response, which may inform disease management and design of future clinical trials. This modified Delphi study incorporated 2 iterative rounds of surveys to evaluate the opinions of an expert panel of 61 practicing hematological oncologists from across 14 countries in Europe concerning the use of MRD testing in MM management. Survey 1 assessed experts’ opinions on MRD testing in different clinical situations and associated challenges. Survey 2 focused on the lack of consensus areas identified in survey 1. Consensus to an individual question was defined a priori as 75% agreement or disagreement by the panel. From the 2 rounds of surveys, the experts reached consensus agreement that MRD testing should be performed in newly diagnosed or relapsed patients who achieved complete response (CR) or better after transplantation. In transplant-ineligible patients, experts recommended MRD testing in those who are ≤70 years old and in CR. If a patient was previously positive on positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT), both MRD and PET/CT should be assessed at CR. MRD testing should be performed ≤6 months after transplantation and every 6–12 months in continuously treated patients in CR. There was no consensus on making treatment decisions based on MRD status. MRD testing is an important component of clinical management in MM. Additional data will further clarify the role of MRD in guiding treatment decisions.
Women’s preferences for pelvic floor screening in sport and exercise: a mixed-methods study integrating survey and interview data in Australian women
Authors: Jodie G Dakic, E Jean C Hay-Smith, Kuan-Yin Lin, Jill L Cook, Helena C Frawley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2023)

One in two women experiencing pelvic floor (PF) symptoms stop playing sport or exercising. The study examines the perspective of women with PF symptoms to inform acceptable screening practices within sport and exercise settings.Explanatory, sequential, mixed-methods design. Phase 1: survey of 18-65 years, symptomatic, Australian women (n=4556). Phase 2: semistructured interviews with a subset of survey participants (n=23). Integration occurred through connection of phases (study design, sampling) and joint display of data.Findings are represented in three threads: (1) 'women (not) telling'; a majority of women had told no-one within a sport or exercise setting about their PF symptoms due to shame/embarrassment, lack of pelvic health knowledge and not wanting to initiate the conversation, (2) 'asking women (screening for PF symptoms)'; women endorsed including PF symptom questions within existing sport and exercise screening practices but only when conducted in a respectful and considered manner and (3) 'creating safety'; professionals can assist women to disclose by demonstrating expertise, trustworthiness and competency. If health and exercise professionals are provided with appropriate training, they could raise pelvic health awareness and promote a supportive and safe sport and exercise culture.Women with PF symptoms support health and exercise professionals initiating conversations about PF health to normalise the topic, and include PF symptoms among other pre-exercise screening questions. However, women should be informed on the relevance and potential benefits of PF screening prior to commencing. Safe screening practices require building trust by providing information, gaining consent, displaying comfort and genuine interest, and being knowledgeable within one's scope of practice to the provision of advice, exercise modifications and referral as appropriate.
Author Correction: An organoid-based screen for epigenetic inhibitors that stimulate antigen presentation and potentiate T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Authors: Zhuolong Zhou, Kevin Van der Jeught, Yuanzhang Fang, Tao Yu, Yujing Li, Zheng Ao, Sheng Liu, Lu Zhang, Yang Yang, Haniyeh Eyvani, Mary L. Cox, Xiyu Wang, Xiaoming He, Guang Ji, Bryan P. Schneider, Feng Guo, Jun Wan, Xinna Zhang, Xiongbin Lu
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2023)
2024 Update: Advances in the risk stratification and management of large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Montreh Tavakkoli, Stefan K. Barta
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2023)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous disease with varying clinical outcomes. Our understanding of its molecular makeup continues to improve risk stratification, and artificial-intelligence and ctDNA-based analyses have the potential to enhance risk assessment and disease monitoring. R-CHOP and Pola-R-CHP are used in the frontline setting; chimeric antigen receptor therapy (CART) is now the new standard-of-care for most with primary refractory disease; both CART and autologous stem cell transplantation are utilized in the relapsed and refractory setting. In this review, we summarize the classification and management of DLBCL with an emphasis on recent advances in the field.
Author Correction: Machine learning reveals bilateral distribution of somatic L1 insertions in human neurons and glia
Authors: Xiaowei Zhu, Bo Zhou, Reenal Pattni, Kelly Gleason, Chunfeng Tan, Agnieszka Kalinowski, Steven Sloan, Anna-Sophie Fiston-Lavier, Jessica Mariani, Dmitri Petrov, Ben A. Barres, Laramie Duncan, Alexej Abyzov, Hannes Vogel, Xiaowei Zhu, Bo Zhou, Alexander Urban, Christopher Walsh, Javier Ganz, Mollie Woodworth, Pengpeng Li, Rachel Rodin, Robert Hill, Sara Bizzotto, Zinan Zhou, Alice Lee, Alissa D’Gama, Alon Galor, Craig Bohrson, Daniel Kwon, Doga Gulhan, Elaine Lim, Isidro Cortes, Joe Luquette, Maxwell Sherman, Michael Coulter, Michael Lodato, Peter Park, Rebeca Monroy, Sonia Kim, Yanmei Dou, Andrew Chess, Attila Jones, Chaggai Rosenbluh, Schahram Akbarian, Ben Langmead, Jeremy Thorpe, Jonathan Pevsner, Rob Scharpf, Sean Cho, Flora Vaccarino, Liana Fasching, Simone Tomasi, Nenad Sestan, Sirisha Pochareddy, Andrew Jaffe, Apua Paquola, Daniel Weinberger, Jennifer Erwin, Jooheon Shin, Richard Straub, Rujuta Narurkar, Anjene Addington, David Panchision, Doug Meinecke, Geetha Senthil, Lora Bingaman, Tara Dutka, Thomas Lehner, Alexej Abyzov, Taejeong Bae, Laura Saucedo-Cuevas, Tara Conniff, Diane A. Flasch, Trenton J. Frisbie, Jeffrey M. Kidd, Mandy M. Lam, John B. Moldovan, John V. Moran, Kenneth Y. Kwan, Ryan E. Mills, Sarah Emery, Weichen Zhou, Yifan Wang, Kenneth Daily, Mette Peters, Fred Gage, Meiyan Wang, Patrick Reed, Sara Linker, Ani Sarkar, Aitor Serres, David Juan, Inna Povolotskaya, Irene Lobon, Manuel Solis, Raquel Garcia, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Gary Mathern, Jing Gu, Joseph Gleeson, Laurel Ball, Renee George, Tiziano Pramparo, Aakrosh Ratan, Mike J. McConnell, John V. Moran, Flora M. Vaccarino, Carol A. Tamminga, Douglas F. Levinson, Alexander E. Urban
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2023)
BRAF/MEK Inhibition as a Bridge to Immunotherapy for Symptomatic BRAF V600 Melanoma Brain Metastases: A Case Series
Authors: Jacob Strelnikov, Alice Zhou, Omar Butt, Michael Ansstas, George Ansstas
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2023)

Targeted and immune therapies have changed the paradigm of treatment for patients with metastatic melanoma. Treatment of patients with symptomatic melanoma brain metastases, however, is complicated by the frequent use of immune suppression for the management of vasogenic edema and the urgency in addressing disease burden. Use of BRAF/MEK inhibitors in patients with a corresponding BRAF V600 mutation often results in rapid response but is hindered by high rates of disease relapse and progression. Immunotherapy has higher durability of response, but the rate of response is slower and responses can be significantly diminished for patients on concurrent steroid therapy. Considering this gap in evidence-based guidance for optimal adjuvant therapy sequence in immunosuppressed patients with BRAF V600-mutant melanoma brain metastases, we report on 4 cases utilizing BRAF/MEK inhibitors as a bridging therapy for brain metastases management before initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Future prospective studies will be required to determine the optimal treatment sequencing for patients in this population with high unmet medical need.
Life as media doctors led to lucrative promotions for pistachios and dental products—but now we’ve embraced the conflict-free life
Authors: Rebecca Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Media doctors are tempted with life changing amounts of money to promote brands and products –and the public is often unaware of this exchange. <b>Rebecca Coombes</b> speaks to two high profile doctors, Chris and Xand van Tulleken, about their experiences and to GP Margaret McCartney, about her role in persuading them to stay conflict-free
Countering sex and gender bias in cardiovascular research requires more than equal recruitment and sex disaggregated analyses
Authors: Carolina Rau Steuernagel, Carolyn S P Lam, Trisha Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2023)

<b>Carolina Rau Steuernagel</b>, <b>Carolyn Lam</b>, and<b> Trish Greenhalgh</b> argue for more attention to be given to social and economic factors to overcome implicit biases in research about women's cardiovascular health
Amyloid-β (Aβ) immunotherapy induced microhemorrhages are associated with activated perivascular macrophages and peripheral monocyte recruitment in Alzheimer’s disease mice
Authors: Xavier Taylor, Isaiah M. Clark, Griffin J. Fitzgerald, Herold Oluoch, Justin T. Hole, Ronald B. DeMattos, Yaming Wang, Feng Pan
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2023)

Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) have been identified as the most common and serious adverse events resulting from pathological changes in the cerebral vasculature during several recent anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) immunotherapy trials. However, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying how amyloid immunotherapy enhances cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)-mediated alterations in vascular permeability and microhemorrhages are not currently understood. Interestingly, brain perivascular macrophages have been implicated in regulating CAA deposition and cerebrovascular function however, further investigations are required to understand how perivascular macrophages play a role in enhancing CAA-related vascular permeability and microhemorrhages associated with amyloid immunotherapy.In this study, we examined immune responses induced by amyloid-targeting antibodies and CAA-induced microhemorrhages using histology and gene expression analyses in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models and primary culture systems.In the present study, we demonstrate that anti-Aβ (3D6) immunotherapy leads to the formation of an antibody immune complex with vascular amyloid deposits and induces the activation of CD169+ perivascular macrophages. We show that macrophages activated by antibody mediated Fc receptor signaling have increased expression of inflammatory signaling and extracellular matrix remodeling genes such as Timp1 and MMP9 in vitro and confirm these key findings in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate enhanced vascular permeability of plasma proteins and recruitment of inflammatory monocytes around vascular amyloid deposits, which are associated with hemosiderin deposits from cerebral microhemorrhages, suggesting the multidimensional roles of activated perivascular macrophages in response to Aβ immunotherapy.In summary, our study establishes a connection between Aβ antibodies engaged at CAA deposits, the activation of perivascular macrophages, and the upregulation of genes involved in vascular permeability. However, the implications of this phenomenon on the susceptibility to microhemorrhages remain to be fully elucidated. Further investigations are warranted to determine the precise role of CD169 + perivascular macrophages in enhancing CAA-mediated vascular permeability, extravasation of plasma proteins, and infiltration of immune cells associated with microhemorrhages.
High price and demand for semaglutide means lack of access for US patients
Authors: Carolyn Brown
Journal: BMJ (2023)

The popularity of semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy) and its new rival tirzepatide has led to aggressive marketing, shortages, and counterfeits. High drug prices in the United States limit access to these drugs to those who can afford them, denying them from many who could benefit. <b>Carolyn Brown</b> reports