Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass and Risk of Stroke and Death in Patients With Symptomatic Artery Occlusion
Authors: Yan Ma, Tao Wang, Haibo Wang, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, Xiaoguang Tong, Jiyue Wang, Zhiyong Tong, Dong Kuai, Yiling Cai, Jun Ren, Donghai Wang, Lian Duan, Aisha Maimaitili, Chunhua Hang, Jiasheng Yu, Xuesong Bai, William J. Powers, Colin P. Derdeyn, Yangfeng Wu, Feng Ling, Yuxiang Gu, Liqun Jiao, Liqun Jiao, Yuxiang Gu, Xiaoguang Tong, Jiyue Wang, Zhiyong Tong, Dong Kuai, Yiling Cai, Jun Ren, Donghai Wang, Lian Duan, Aisha Maimaitili, Chunhua Hang, Jiasheng Yu, Feng Ling, Jie Lu, Qinjian Sun, Hongqi Zhang, Kun Yang, Haiqing Song, Wenhuo Chen, Fajun Chen, Baofeng Xu, Shenmao Li, Bingjie Zheng, Jia Yu, Weiwu Hu, Jichang Luo, Yao Feng, Yan Ma, Tao Wang, Haibo Wang, Yangfeng Wu, Xiangchen Wu, Wei Ni, Chao Gao, Jiabin Su, Jiheng Hao, Liyong Sun, Gang Wang, Lizhi Bao, Xuan Xuan, Zhaolong Zhang, Bo Tang, Peng Zhao, Cong Han, Heguan Fu, Zhen Guo, Yi Wang, Rudong Chen, Miaomiao Zhu, Bairu Zhang, Tianchen Wu, Yang Wu, Meng Fan
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Importance Prior trials of extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery showed no benefit for stroke prevention in patients with atherosclerotic occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery (MCA), but there have been subsequent improvements in surgical techniques and patient selection. Objective To evaluate EC-IC bypass surgery in symptomatic patients with atherosclerotic occlusion of the ICA or MCA, using refined patient and operator selection. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a randomized, open-label, outcome assessor–blinded trial conducted at 13 centers in China. A total of 324 patients with ICA or MCA occlusion with transient ischemic attack or nondisabling ischemic stroke attributed to hemodynamic insufficiency based on computed tomography perfusion imaging were recruited between June 2013 and March 2018 (final follow-up: March 18, 2020). Interventions EC-IC bypass surgery plus medical therapy (surgical group; n = 161) or medical therapy alone (medical group; n = 163). Medical therapy included antiplatelet therapy and stroke risk factor control. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was a composite of stroke or death within 30 days or ipsilateral ischemic stroke beyond 30 days through 2 years after randomization. There were 9 secondary outcomes, including any stroke or death within 2 years and fatal stroke within 2 years. Results Among 330 patients who were enrolled, 324 patients were confirmed eligible (median age, 52.7 years; 257 men [79.3%]) and 309 (95.4%) completed the trial. For the surgical group vs medical group, no significant difference was found for the composite primary outcome (8.6% [13/151] vs 12.3% [19/155]; incidence difference, −3.6% [95% CI, −10.1% to 2.9%]; hazard ratio [HR], 0.71 [95% CI, 0.33-1.54]; P = .39). The 30-day risk of stroke or death was 6.2% (10/161) in the surgical group and 1.8% (3/163) in the medical group, and the risk of ipsilateral ischemic stroke beyond 30 days through 2 years was 2.0% (3/151) and 10.3% (16/155), respectively. Of the 9 prespecified secondary end points, none showed a significant difference including any stroke or death within 2 years (9.9% [15/152] vs 15.3% [24/157]; incidence difference, −5.4% [95% CI, −12.5% to 1.7%]; HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.34-1.39]; P = .30) and fatal stroke within 2 years (2.0% [3/150] vs 0% [0/153]; incidence difference, 1.9% [95% CI, −0.2% to 4.0%]; P = .08). Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with symptomatic ICA or MCA occlusion and hemodynamic insufficiency, the addition of bypass surgery to medical therapy did not significantly change the risk of the composite outcome of stroke or death within 30 days or ipsilateral ischemic stroke beyond 30 days through 2 years. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01758614