tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Occlusion of the Artery to a Solitary Kidney Restoration of Renal Function After Prolonged Anuria
Authors: Stewart P. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE renal arteries are considered end arteries, and the occlusion of a main renal artery or one of its branches causes renal infarction and loss of function. We report a case in which thrombosis of the renal artery to a solitary kidney occurred, and surgical repair 48 hours after occlusion was successful in restoration of renal function. This suggests that collateral flow communicates with the renal microvasculature, and continued renal viability in cases of progressive main renal artery occlusion is possible. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 52-year-old white woman had a 20-year history of hypertension. In 1971, nonfunction of the right kidney was shown with renal scan. A subsequent angiogram showed no visualization of the right main renal artery. Renal vein renin activity measured by radioimmunoassay was 167 ng/ml/3 hr from the right renal vein and 74 ng/ml/3 hr from the left renal vein. Subsequently, a right nephrectomy showed that
Direct visualization of atherosclerosis in small coronary arteries using the epifluorescence stereoscope
Authors: J. Hayashi, T. Saito, H. Sato, Y. Kuroiwa, K. Aizawa
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Journal Article Direct visualization of atherosclerosis in small coronary arteries using the epifluorescence stereoscope Get access Junichi Hayashi, Junichi Hayashi * *Corresponding author. Tel.: (+81-422) 47-5511, ext. 3532; fax: (+81-422) 44-5310. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Takashi Saito, Takashi Saito bDepartment of Biology, Kyorin University, Shinkawa 6-20-2, Mitakashi, Tokyo 181, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hideaki Sato, Hideaki Sato aDepartment of Medicine and Gerontology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Shinkawa 6-20-2, Mitakashi, Tokyo 181, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yukari Kuroiwa, Yukari Kuroiwa cDepartment of Physiology, Tokyo Medical College, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Katsuo Aizawa Katsuo Aizawa cDepartment of Physiology, Tokyo Medical College, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 30, Issue 5, November 1995, Pages 775–780, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(95)00112-3 Published: 01 November 1995 Article history Received: 03 February 1995 Accepted: 26 June 1995 Published: 01 November 1995
Reported Cholera in the United States, 1992-1994
Authors: Barbara E. Mahon
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To describe US cholera surveillance data from 1992 to 1994 and the domestic impact of the epidemics of Vibrio cholerae 01 in Latin America and V cholerae 0139 in Asia. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants.</h3> —Retrospective review of surveillance data from all cases of cholera reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from January 1, 1992, through December 31, 1994, in the United States and its territories. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory surveillance data. <h3>Results.</h3> —From 1992 through 1994, 160 cases of cholera were reported to CDC by 20 states and 1 territory. This is a marked increase: only 136 cases were reported from 1965 through 1991. Outbreaks affecting 75 passengers on an airplane from Latin America and 5 passengers on a cruise ship in Southeast Asia accounted for 50% of cases. Vibrio cholerae 0139 caused 6 cases (4%). The proportion of V cholerae 01 isolates resistant to at least 1 antimicrobial agent rose from 3% in 1992 to 93% in 1994. Of 158 patients whose location of exposure was known, 151 (96%) acquired infection abroad (125 in Latin America, 26 in Asia). Of 105 persons whose reason for travel was known, 31 (30%) were US residents who had returned to their country of origin to visit family or friends, and 65 (62%) were non-US residents visiting the United States from cholera-affected countries. The cholera rate among persons arriving in the United States from cholera-affected regions was 0.27 case per 100 000 air travelers, not substantially increased from earlier estimates. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Cholera has increased in the United States since 1991, reflecting global changes in cholera epidemiology, and is now primarily travel associated and antimicrobial resistant. Most travelers were not traditional tourists; reaching them with prevention measures may be difficult. The risk of cholera to the individual traveler remains extremely low.
Debunking the Drunk-Driver-and-Survival Myth
Authors: Timothy F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THROW OUT the myth that drinking drivers walk away from devastating crashes unscathed or with fewer injuries than expected. The contrary appears to be true. The intoxicated are more likely to be hurt than the sober, and, according to two recent reports, the driver who has been drinking may be less likely to survive those injuries. Most very serious accidents involve alcohol-impaired drivers (<i>Proc Am Assoc Automotive Med</i>1981;28:133-141). Although alcohol figures in only 9% of all traffic accidents, it is implicated in more than half of all fatal crashes. Moreover, detailed analysis of data from more than 1 million motor-vehicle crash fatalities indicates that the drinking driver is more likely than a sober driver to suffer serious injury or death when involved in a crash of comparable seriousness (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256: 1461-1466). The finding that the authors of that study considered most striking was that, in crashes assigned to the
Immunofluorescence as a Diagnostic Aid in Cryptococcal Meningitis
Authors: Paul Wolf
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Crytpococcosis involves the lungs and the central nervous system. The causative organism,<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>, is frequently an opportunistic, secondary invader, associated with severe debilitating illness and drug treatments. The diagnosis depends on culture procedures and biochemical techniques performed on the positive cultures, as well as serological tests, tube agglutination, complement-fixation, immunodiffusion, and latex cryptococcal antigen agglutination tests.<sup>1-3</sup> A patient with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis had received prednisone and chlorambucil and developed steroid-induced diabetes mellitus and subsequent<i>Cryptococcus</i>meningitis, which caused her death. A new rapid method utilizing indirect immunofluorescence to identify cryptococcal antigen and antibody in body fluids is described here. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 61-year-old white woman with a long history of rheumatoid arthritis since age 14 had been treated with prednisone and for a short period with chlorambucil. Adult onset diabetes mellitus developed that was probably steroid induced. Chlorambucil therapy was begun in early
Quantifying SLE renal biopsy results aids clinician
Authors: Harriet Page
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A chronicity index based on renal biopsy appears to be a "very strong" predictor of outcome for patients with nephritis secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), according to Simon Carette, MD, a fellow at the National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIADDKD), Bethesda, Md. Speaking in Washington, DC, at the Pan-American Congress of Rheumatology for himself and NIADDKD co-workers, Carette described a long-term study showing that only patients with low to moderate chronicity levels did well when treated with cytotoxic drugs. Fifty-three patients were entered in the seven-year study. Requirements for admission included (1) a diagnosis of SLE by American Rheumatism Association criteria and (2) kidney disease unaccounted for by other pathological processes and confirmed by laboratory tests and biopsy specimens. The patients were randomized to receive one of three programs: azathioprine, up to 4 mg/kg/day, plus prednisone, up to 0.5 mg/kg/day; cyclophosphamide, up to 4
Cellular Cytolysis &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro:&lt;/italic&gt; Mechanisms Underlying a Quantitative Assay for Cellular Immunity
Authors: Bruce R. MacPherson, M.D., Yosef H. Pilch, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

A quantitative assay for cellular immunity is described. Immune cyiolysis was produced by the direct interaction of immune lymphocytes and target cell monolayers, in vitro. Quantitation was achieved by radioisotopically labeling the DNA of target cells with 3H-thymidine, then measuring radioactivity remaining in target cells that adhered to the culture plates after incubation with immune or normal lymphocytes. Both allogeneic and syngeneic guinea pig immune lymphocytes produced immune cytolysis of target cells of guinea pig sarcoma. Immune serum was ineffective in producing cytolysis. Moreover, the interaction of immune lymphocytes and target cells failed to cause lysis of immunologically unrelated target cells in the same culture. Supernatants derived from cultures containing immune lymphocytes and target cells caused no cytolysis. However, slight cytolysis was demonstrable when “immune” supernatants were mixed with normal lymphocytes and the mixture was reacted with target cells. The best explanation for the mechanism of cytolysis under these experimental conditions appears to be that target cells are destroyed by direct interaction with immune lymphocytes.
Pattern of Neurological Outpatient Practice: Implications for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Training
Authors: G D Perkin
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1986)

A case analysis has been performed on 4000 successive outpatient referrals to one consultant neurologist, representing 72% of all referrals to Charing Cross Hospital and 82% to Hillingdon Hospital. A specific diagnosis was not possible in 1013 patients (25.3%). Amongst the remainder certain diagnoses were predictably common: for example, migraine (241), tension headaches (296) and epilepsy (470). Based on data obtained for the incidence of various neurological disorders in the community, an attempt has been made to assess what proportion of patients with certain diagnoses are likely to be seen by a neurologist. The rarity with which certain classical conditions, for example syringomyelia, is encountered is stressed and the implications for teaching discussed.
Physical Activity and Mortality in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Lawrence H. Kushi
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the association between physical activity and all-cause mortality in postmenopausal women. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective cohort study with 7 years of follow-up through December 31, 1992. <h3>Setting and Participants.</h3> —Subjects were 40 417 postmenopausal Iowa women, aged 55 to 69 years at baseline in 1986. Physical activity was assessed by mailed questionnaire. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —All-cause mortality (n=2260). <h3>Results.</h3> —After adjustment for potential confounders and excluding women who reported having cancer or heart disease and those who died in the first 3 years of follow-up, women who reported regular physical activity were at significantly reduced risk of death during follow-up compared with women who did not (relative risk [RR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-0.90). Increasing frequency of moderate physical activity was associated with reduced risk of death during follow-up (from rarely or never engaging in activity to activity at least 4 times per week, RRs, 1.0 [referent], 0.76, 0.70, and 0.62;<i>P</i>value for trend&lt;.001). A similar pattern was seen for vigorous physical activity (corresponding RRs, 1.0, 0.89, 0.74, and 0.57;<i>P</i>value for trend=.06). Reduced risks of death with increased physical activity were evident for cardiovascular diseases (n=729) and respiratory illnesses (n=147). Women who engaged only in moderate but not vigorous physical activity also benefited, with moderate activity as infrequently as once per week demonstrating a reduced mortality risk of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.64-0.96). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —These results demonstrate a graded, inverse association between physical activity and all-cause mortality in postmenopausal women. These findings strengthen the confidence that population recommendations to engage in regular physical activity are applicable to postmenopausal women.
Treatment of the Terminally III
Authors: Marvin S. Fish
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Once again, the issues of mercy, supportive<i>v</i>curative therapy, and therapeutic restraint for the inadequately defined "terminally ill" patient arise, this time by John A. Beall, MD, in the June 3 issue ofThe Journal(1983;249:2883). He speaks of his own daughter and indicts the attending and perhaps the consulting physicians who buoyed her hopes and instituted excessive, supportive, and heroic measures. Dr Beall asks, "Who should have the authority and courage to temper overly aggressive therapy when overwhelming evidence points to its futility?" He answers his own question by stating that "it is the physician in charge who should exercise the quality of understanding mercy for his patient." I understand the problem and can give serious consideration to his solution. However, his indictment of physicians is premature and inappropriate. As long as we believe in our current form of government and continue to respect the
Safety and Efficacy of Lamivudine-Zidovudine Combination Therapy in Zidovudine-Experienced Patients
Authors: Schlomo Staszewski
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To compare the safety and efficacy of 2 doses of lamivudine given in combination with zidovudine with continued zidovudine monotherapy. <h3>Design.</h3> —Double-blind, randomized, multicenter, comparative trial of 223 patients treated for 24 weeks. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Patients from 32 hospitals in Europe were enrolled throughout a 1-year period. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Adult human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)—positive, zidovudine-experienced (≥24 weeks prior zidovudine) patients with CD4<sup>+</sup>cell counts between 0.10 and 0.40×10<sup>9</sup>/L (100-400 cells/μL). <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Patients received either 200 mg of zidovudine every 8 hours, 150 mg of lamivudine every 12 hours plus zidovudine, or 300 mg of lamivudine every 12 hours plus zidovudine for 24 weeks. All patients were then allowed to receive zidovudine and open-label lamivudine combination therapy. Twelve patients withdrew because of adverse events during the 24-week treatment period. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Effcacy was measured by evaluating immunological and viral load changes, and safety was assessed by evaluating clinical manifestations and laboratory indexes of toxic effects. <h3>Results.</h3> —Patients receiving low- or high-dose combination therapy had greater treatment effects compared with patients receiving continued zidovudine monotherapy during the first 24 weeks as documented by changes in CD4<sup>+</sup>cell counts (+0.04 vs +0.03 vs −0.02×10<sup>9</sup>/L, respectively;<i>P</i>&lt;.001); log<sub>10</sub>HIV-1 RNA as measured by the Roche assay (−0.96 vs −0.77 vs +0.07 copies/mL, respectively;<i>P</i>&lt;.001) or log<sub>10</sub>HIV-1 RNA measured by the quantitative nucleic acid sequence— based amplification assay (−0.59 vs −1.06 vs −0.02 copies/mL, respectively;<i>P</i>&lt;.011); and immune-complex dissociated (ICD) p24 antigen (−74% vs −68% vs +27%, respectively;<i>P</i>&lt;.001). There were no statistically significant differences in viral measurements, in CD4<sup>+</sup>cell counts, or in safety profile between the groups receiving 2 doses of lamivudine in combination with zidovudine. The effects on CD4<sup>+</sup>cell counts and ICD p24 antigen were sustained throughout 48 weeks for patients continuing combination therapy. Patients switching to combination therapy at week 24 showed improvement. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —In zidovudine-experienced HIV-1—infected patients, combination treatment with lamivudine and zidovudine is well tolerated and provides greater and more sustained increases in CD4<sup>+</sup>cell counts and decreases in viral load than continued zidovudine monotherapy.
The Psychology of Behaviour. A Practical Study of Human Personality and Conduct with Special Reference to Methods of Development.
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Yearbook of General Therapeutics
Journal: BMJ (1942)

REVIEWSlergy, in order to include Diphenylhydramine Hydrochloride (Benadryl); Chapter II has been changed from Analgetics and Antipyretics to Analgetics, in line with current thought that use of a drug purely as an antipyretic is unsupported by scientific evidence of its value in relieving the underlying disease.Dihydromorphinone Hydrochloride (Dilaudid) and Merperidine Hydrochloride (Demerol) are now included in this chapter, along with Salicylate, Aminopyrine, and Cinchophen.Chapter XV is now Oxytocics instead of Ecbolics; the included preparations remain the same, namely those derived from ergot.Posterior Pituitary preparations remain in the chapter on Hormones.The title of Chapter XIX is expanded from Metabolic Agents to Agents Used in Metabolic Disorders.A new chapter (XXIV) is entitled Unclassified Agents, and includes preparations of gold and of iodine.Another departure from former practice is the inclusion of all procedures for chemical or biological standardization in a separate Section B; Section A lists accepted items, with non-proprietary and proprietary names, dosage forms, and brief descriptions of actions and uses.New and Nonofficial Remedies is esssential for the library of every physician who attempts to prescribe scientifically, and specifically for the case at hand.Its importance as a book of standards is second only to the United States Pharma- copoeia and the National Formulary.However, it is con- fusing to find so many preparations, distributed by a large number of drug manufacturers, as occur in some parts of the book.For example, there are seven pages devoted to procaine preparations, with 21 preparations and mixtures and 13 drug companies.Twenty-one companies offer 25 prepara- tions of sulfadiazine, and 23 firms prepare penicillin in 58 dosage forms.
Is Aspirin a Dangerous Drug?
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diagnosis of Brain Death
Authors: Joanne Lynn
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Radionuclide cerebral imaging (RCI) has been well established as a confirmation of brain death.<sup>1-3</sup>However, the proved utility of the procedure is overstated in the recent article by Schwartz et al (1983; 249:246), largely because it confuses<i>cerebral</i>blood flow with<i>intracranial</i>. Also, the authors overstate the importance of demonstrating correlation between two tests in a selected population of patients. Documentation of absent<i>intracranial</i>blood flow can at present only be achieved by four-vessel contrast angiography, which examines blood flow to both the cerebrum and the posterior fossa. This study, repeated to show persistence for a period (ten minutes is recommended), is unequivocal evidence of "irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain"—brain death—even if circumstances preclude determination of cause or a comprehensive neurological examination. However, the same cannot be said for a test such as RCI that evaluates only<i>cerebral</i>blood flow, not posterior
Legal Limits of AIDS Confidentiality
Authors: Bernard M. Dickens
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THE IMPACT that the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is having on social relationships finds expression in legal relationships. The medical or health care setting is only one of many in which legal rights, duties, and powers are affected by individuals' liability to transmit or to suffer from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.<sup>1</sup>Medical diagnosis, care, and counseling of patients with AIDS certainly raise crucial concerns of health care professionals, allied health workers, and patients. Their concerns are, however, representative rather than exhaustive of those felt throughout society. Fears of HIV infection contracted in the workplace are unreasonable, but nevertheless commonplace, in all but a few occupations. Where fellow employees risk wounds that bleed, for instance, colleagues may demand protection. In schools, teaching and auxiliary staff may fear exposure to children's body fluids, more frequently passed, no doubt, by younger children, and the same is true in day-care centers. Proximately
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

The oncogene TCL1 plays a key role in promoting leukemic transformation in B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL).Voltan and colleagues show, with primary cells from patients with B-CLL and in B leukemic cell lines with different p53 status, that activation of p53 represses the transcription of TCL1.They obtained these results through ex vivo analysis of the effect of Nutlin-3, a nongenotoxic activator of the p53 pathway, on TCL1 regulation, and the results were confirmed by p53 knockdown and TCL1 overexpression experiments.The data suggest that TCL1 downregulation is an important mediator of Nutlin-3 cytotoxicity and that therapeutic strategies should be further explored to improve its antileukemic activity.
Effects of additional administration of colchicine in ursodeoxycholic acid-treated patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Takaaki Ikeda, Shinichi Tozuka, Osamu Noguchi, Fumie Kobayashi, Shigemi Sakamoto, Fumiaki Marumo, Chifumi Sato
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1996)