tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Evaluation of Liver Structure and Function in Humans Exposed to Halogenated Hydrocarbons
Authors: Philip S. Guzelian
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

An unresolved question is whether humans exposed to comparatively low doses of persistent environmental chemicals such as polyhalogenated biphenyls or organochlorine pesticides are at risk for injury to the liver. Cross-sectional epidemiologic studies suggest that these chemicals may produce statistically significant but clinically mild abnormalities in the commonly employed chemical tests of liver function. The few reports of human liver morphology reveal nonspecific changes reflecting effects of lipophilic chemicals. There is evidence that chemicals of this category in at least some doses cause induction of liver microsomal enzymes involved in biotransformation of foreign substances. This finding has been documented by measurements of the clearance of model drugs or the appearance in the urine of steroid metabolites or glucaric acid. Although a positive statistical correlation between the concentrations of these chemicals in serum and the serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity has been reported, the non-specificity of the latter enzyme precludes conclusion that this change is indicative of induction of liver microsomal enzymes. Although the effects of this type of environmental chemical are not indicative of progressive liver disease, only prospective clinical trials can resolve the issue of the risk for future development of liver malignancy.
Comparison of the Systemic and Intratumoral Effects of Tamoxifen and the Aromatase Inhibitor Vorozole in Postmenopausal Patients With Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Catherine L. Harper-Wynne, Nigel P.M. Sacks, Karyn Shenton, Fiona A. MacNeill, Paul Sauven, Ian J. Laidlaw, Zen Rayter, Stephanie Miall, Angela Howes, Janine Salter, Margaret J. Hills, Frances M. Lowe, Roger A’Hern, Nazar Nasiri, Debbie Doody, Jhangir Iqbal, Mitchell Dowsett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To determine biologic differences, if any, between presurgical endocrine treatment with an aromatase inhibitor (vorozole) and tamoxifen in patients with postmenopausal primary breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Randomization was to 12 weeks of 2.5 mg of vorozole per day or 20 mg of tamoxifen per day, both orally. Clinical response was assessed monthly together with serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogens (E1, E2, and E1S), lipids, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and bone metabolites (CrossLaps CTx). Tissue samples for Ki67, apoptotic index (AI), estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor were collected at 0, 2, and 12 weeks. RESULTS: Ki67 fell by 58% and 43% (means) at 2 weeks in the vorozole and tamoxifen patients, respectively (P = .13). In the vorozole group, the correlations of proportional changes in Ki67 at 2 weeks with tumor volume changes and clinical response at 12 weeks were not significant (P = .09) and marginally significant (P = .04), respectively. Serum lipids did not differ between groups. Serum levels of EI, E2, and E1S were suppressed markedly by vorozole, whereas levels of SHBG increased and LH and FSH fell significantly with tamoxifen. IGF-1 levels fell significantly with tamoxifen (P = .001) compared with the nonsignificant rise with vorozole. Twelve-week CTx values fell by 19% with tamoxifen (P = .006) and rose by 11% with vorozole (P = .15). CONCLUSION: The correlation with vorozole of Ki67 with volume and clinical response supports this as an intermediate marker. The nonsignificant effects on bone and lipid metabolism by the aromatase inhibitor may be important to consider for adjuvant and potential prevention strategies.
Acta Rheumatologica Scandinavica, Stockholm
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Optimizing Immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma: Restoring the Function of Patient’s Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells by Inhibiting p38 or Activating MEK/ERK MAPK and Neutralizing Interleukin-6 in the Progenitor Cells.
Authors: Qing Yi, Siqing Wang, Sungyoul Hong, Jing Yang, Jianfei Qian, Xiang Zhang, Elizabeth Shpall, Larry W. Kwak
Journal: Blood (2006)
USE AND MISUSE OF HOSPITAL STATISTICS
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc, Joseph S. Barr, Thornton Brown, Eugene E. Record
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE term "orthopaedic" (straight child) was coined by Nicholas Andry in 1741. For a hundred and fifty years thereafter the orthopedist was a strap-and-buckle man whose activities were limited to the nonoperative treatment of congenital skeletal deformities of childhood and of a few other disabilities involving the locomotor system such as tuberculosis of the hip or spine. During the twentieth century, the modern specialty of orthopedic surgery has developed, concerning itself with the study of normal and abnormal function of the musculoskeletal system and with treatment of its diseases and disabilities by all available methods, operative and nonoperative. This broad . . .
Loss of angiotensin-II receptors in portal hypertensive rabbits*1
Authors: J SITZMANN
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Decreased splanchnic vascular response to exogenous angiotensin-II (A-II) infusion in portal hypertension has recently been documented. A-II receptor density and binding affinity in the mesenteric artery, portal vein, and adrenal gland of normal and portal hypertensive rabbits were studied. Portal hypertension was induced by partial portal vein ligation 3 weeks before study. There were no significant differences in serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, A-II, serum osmolality, or hematocrit between normal and portal hypertensive rabbits. The portal hypertensive portal vein exhibited a 60% fall in A-II receptor number from 65.1 ± 0.3 fmol/ mg in normal to 27.0 ± 8 fmol/mg (P < .05) in portal hypertension. A significant decrease in receptor number occurred in the portal hypertensive mesenteric artery, 224 ± 39 fmol/mg compared with 345 ± 45 fmol/mg in normal rabbits, and in the adrenal cortex 6.8 ± 1.3 pmol/ mg compared with 12.1 ± 2.5 pmol/mg in normal controls (P < .05). No significant difference in A-II receptor affinity was observed in tissues studied between normal and portal hypertensive rabbits. Autoradiographic study on A-II receptors was consistent with data from membrane binding assays. Receptor subtype analysis showed exclusive type I receptor binding in the mesenteric artery and portal vein. We conclude there is a global reduction in the A-II receptor number in portal hypertension that may mediate much of the decreased response to A-II seen in this disorder. This loss of the A-II receptor may partially explain hemodynamic derangements peculiar to portal hypertension.
THE DIAGNOSIS OF CARCINOMA OF THE LARYNX.
Authors: OTTO T. FREER
Journal: JAMA (1903)

It is unfortunately true that ordinarily carcinoma of the larynx is not discovered until nothing but total laryngectomy offers the patient a chance for existence. One of the reasons for this is the fact that the diagnosis of the affection is often difficult and may be impossible for even an expert. Another cause for the lateness of recognition of the disease is the slight regard usually paid by the patients to the persistent hoarseness that may precede the graver manifestations for years as the only symptom. A third and avoidable reason for the unrecognized advance of malignant laryngeal tumors is the widespread indifference to the acquirement of even moderate skill in laryngoscopy shown by a great part of the profession. Many physicians treat patients with chronic hoarseness by general means and do not even inspect the larynx.
Timolol in the treatment of open angle glaucoma
Authors: M. E. Kosman
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Timolol maleate is the first β-adrenergic—blocking drug available in the United States for topical therapy in open angle glaucoma. It may be used alone for initial therapy in selected patients or with other antiglaucoma drugs in patients requiring additional control. It should be tried, before resorting to surgery, when traditional maximal medical therapy has failed or is not tolerated. Timolol has few local side effects, but since it is absorbed, it may produce systemic reactions similar to those induced by orally administered propranolol hydrochloride. Timolol appears to be an important advance in antiglaucoma therapy, although further experience is needed to determine whether its long-term usefulness will be limited by the development of tolerance or the appearance of unexpected side effects. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2301-2303, 1979)
Indian Health Service Faces Hurdles as More HCV Cases Emerge
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Alterations in glutathione homeostasis in mutant Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rats.
Authors: S Lu
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rats (EHBR) are mutant Sprague-Dawley rats that exhibit impaired biliary organic anion and reduced glutathione (GSH) secretion. In addition, liver GSH levels are twice that of age- matched controls. The mechanisms for the defect in biliary GSH secretion and the increase in cell GSH are not fully understood. We previously showed that canalicular membrane-enriched vesicles isolated from EHBR livers exhibited normal GSH transport. In the present study, we examined the steady-state rat canalicular reduced glutathione transporter (RcGshT) messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels, as well as the mechanisms for the increase in cell GSH. Both Northern and Western blot analyses of EHBR livers showed nearly identical RcGshT mRNA and polypeptide levels, respectively, as compared with controls. Treatment with phenobarbital, which increased steady-state RcGshT mRNA by five- to sixfold, RcGshT polypeptide, and biliary GSH secretion by onefold in controls, had a smaller effect on steady-state RcGshT-mRNA level in EHBR (by 1.5-fold) and did not increase RcGshT polypeptide or biliary GSH secretion. In examining possible mechanisms for increased liver GSH, both cysteine level and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) activity were significantly higher than controls, while the activity of GSH synthetase was unchanged. Northern and Western blot analyses also showed increased steady-state GCS heavy subunit (GCS-HS) mRNA and polypeptide levels, respectively. In addition to liver, GSH levels in kidney, duodenal, jejunal, and ileal mucosa of EHBR were 200% to 300% of age-matched control rats. GCS activity was also increased in kidney cytosol of EHBR. Thus, the defect in biliary GSH secretion in EHBR most likely is either at the posttranslational level of RcGshT or in the inhibition exerted by retained endogenous organic anions. In addition, there is a widespread up-regulation of GSH synthesis capacity in the tissues of EHBR. (Hepatology 1996 Jul;24(1):253-8)
A Text-Book of Gynecology.
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST398 in a farmer with skin lesions and in pigs of his farm: clonal relationship and detection of lnu(A) gene
Authors: C. Lozano, C. Aspiroz, M. Ara, E. Gómez-Sanz, M. Zarazaga, C. Torres
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)
Pattern of Discharge from Norwegian Mental Hospitals Before and After Introduction of Modern Drugs
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tumors of the Eye.
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Malpractice Claims and Physicians' Communication Patterns-Reply
Authors: Wendy Levinson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Balon raises the possibility that our findings of the relationship between communication and medical malpractice might be different in the era of managed care in which the average length of visits is shorter. While the actual number of minutes in a visit may be shorter in 1997 than in 1992 when the visits were taped, we do not expect this would have changed the significant finding that primary care physicians who had been sued had shorter visits than physicians without a history of prior claims. Furthermore, most physicians report that they do not believe that the audiotaping process changed their communication style,<sup>1</sup>and we think it is unlikely that they talked longer in this study than during normal visits. Dr Frank suggests that the study findings might be different in the inpatient setting or with particular types of patients such as postoperative patients or patients with chronic disease.
Error in the Introduction
Authors: Pim Cuijpers
Journal: JAMA (2019)

They also seem to consider the correlational findings of insession processes as strong evidence for how therapies work.Many hundreds of studies have indeed found associations between improvement in patients and characteristics of the therapy.However, because these are only uncontrolled and correlational findings, they cannot be considered as causal evidence. 5If these processes were as well understood as Kazantzis and Hofmann assume, one would wonder why the overall low response rates to treatments have not improved over time and a relatively small number of patients benefit from them.As argued in my Viewpoint, substantial progress has been made in the past decades in the research and development of treatments for depression.However, it is also time to recognize that these treatments have limitations and that focused approaches are needed to further reduce the huge disease burden of depression.
Trastuzumab Deruxtecan DESTINY for Some Cancers
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2020)

Abstract Trastuzumab deruxtecan may be effective in solid cancers in addition to breast cancer. In a randomized phase II trial of HER2-positive gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers, the agent significantly extended overall survival and progression-free survival compared with standard chemotherapy. It also elicited high response rates in phase II trials of HER2-mutant non–small cell lung cancer and HER2-positive colorectal cancer.
General Pathology. An Introduction to the Study of Medicine, Being a Discussion of the Development and Nature of Processes of Disease.
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Latent morbidity after abortion.
Authors: M Dinborough, X Dennett, R Mcd
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Response is given to a previous article on latent morbidity after abortion, analyzing and challenging some of the article's conclusions. Differing interpretations of statistics on Japanese infant mortality after World War II are discussed. A 1972 Hungarian research report is reviewed showing a consistent relationship between previous spontaneous or induced abortion and the probability of premature delivery or raised perinatal mortality. This relationship was more prevalent in older than younger women, and in cases when the abortion prior to delivery had taken place within 1 year. A relationship was also found between smoking and perinatal mortality. One possible cause of the increased risk of prematurity found in this study is the use of dilation and curettage for abortion in Hungary. In a long series of abortions by vacuum aspiration in neighboring Yugoslavia, no alteration of the prematurity rate was found. This technique apparently does not threaten the integrity of the cervix. Any relationship between abortion and subsequent ectopic pregnancies is disputed by Japanese and Yugoslavian studies. In answer to other doubts about the advisability of abortion, the 2-year experience with legal abortion in New York City during 1970-1972, involving 82,800 cases found a significant reduction in maternal mortality (only 1 death), a significant decrease in illegal abortion, and a measureable improvement in contraceptive use.