tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multilevel Determinants of Digital Health Equity: A Literature Synthesis to Advance the Field
Authors: Courtney R. Lyles, Oanh Kieu Nguyen, Elaine C. Khoong, Adrian Aguilera, Urmimala Sarkar
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2022)

Current digital health approaches have not engaged diverse end users or reduced health or health care inequities, despite their promise to deliver more tailored and personalized support to individuals at the right time and the right place. To achieve digital health equity, we must refocus our attention on the current state of digital health uptake and use across the policy, system, community, individual, and intervention levels. We focus here on (
Enhancing Capacity for Food and Nutrient Intake Assessment in Population Sciences Research
Authors: Marian L. Neuhouser, Ross L. Prentice, Lesley F. Tinker, Johanna W. Lampe
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2022)

Nutrition influences health throughout the life course. Good nutrition increases the probability of good pregnancy outcomes, proper childhood development, and healthy aging, and it lowers the probability of developing common diet-related chronic diseases, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. Despite the importance of diet and health, studying these exposures is among the most challenging in population sciences research. US and global food supplies are complex; eating patterns have shifted such that half of meals are eaten away from home, and there are thousands of food ingredients with myriad combinations. These complexities make dietary assessment and links to health challenging both for population sciences research and for public health policy and practice. Furthermore, most studies evaluating nutrition and health usually rely on self-report instruments prone to random and systematic measurement error. Scientific advances involve developing nutritional biomarkers and then applying these biomarkers as stand-alone nutritional exposures or for calibrating self-reports using specialized statistics.
Review of the Impact of Housing Quality on Inequalities in Health and Well-Being
Authors: Philippa Howden-Chapman, Julie Bennett, Richard Edwards, David Jacobs, Kim Nathan, David Ormandy
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2022)

Housing quality is essential for population health and broader well-being. The World Health Organization Housing and health guidelines highlight interventions that protect occupants from cold and hot temperatures, injuries, and other hazards. The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the importance of ventilation standards. Housing standards are unevenly developed, implemented, and monitored globally, despite robust research demonstrating that retrofitting existing houses and constructing high-quality new ones can reduce respiratory, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases. Indigenous peoples, ethnic minorities, and people with low incomes face cumulative disadvantages that are exacerbated by poor-quality housing. These can be partially ameliorated by community-based programs to improve housing quality, particularly for children and older people, who are hospitalized more often for housing-related illnesses. There is renewed interest among policy makers and researchers in the health and well-being of people in public and subsidized housing, who are disproportionately disadvantaged by avoidable housing-related diseases and injuries. Improving the overall quality of new and existing housing and neighborhoods has multiple cobenefits, including reducing carbon emissions.
When Moving Is the Only Option: The Role of Necessity Versus Choice for Understanding and Promoting Physical Activity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Deborah Salvo, Alejandra Jáuregui, Deepti Adlakha, Olga L. Sarmiento, Rodrigo S. Reis
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2022)

Given its origins in high-income countries, the field of physical activity and public health research and promotion has broadly followed a choice-based model. However, a substantial amount of the physical activity occurring routinely in many settings, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), is the result of economic necessity and is not due to true, free choices. We propose the "necessity- versus choice-based physical activity models" framework as a conceptual tool to ground physical activity and public health research and promotion efforts in LMICs, helping ensurethat these efforts are relevant, ethical, responsive, and respectful to local contexts. Identifying ways to ensure that LMIC populations can maintain high levels of active transport while increasing opportunities for active leisure must be prioritized. To promote equity, physical activity research, programs, and policies in LMICs must focus on improving the conditions under which necessity-driven physical activity occurs for a vast majority of the population.
Efficacy and safety of first-line lorlatinib versus crizotinib in patients with advanced, ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: updated analysis of data from the phase 3, randomised, open-label CROWN study
Authors: Benjamin J Solomon, Todd M Bauer, Tony S K Mok, Geoffrey Liu, Julien Mazieres, Filippo de Marinis, Yasushi Goto, Dong-Wan Kim, Yi-Long Wu, Jacek Jassem, Froylán López López, Ross A Soo, Alice T Shaw, Anna Polli, Rossella Messina, Laura Iadeluca, Francesca Toffalorio, Enriqueta Felip
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2022)
Association Between COVID-19 Vaccination and Artificial Insemination Outcomes for Couples Experiencing Infertility
Authors: Chao Wang, Dongdong Tang, Jiayin Liu, Songying Zhang, Yanwen Xu, Jie Qiao, Yunxia Cao
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

This cohort study investigates the association between COVID-19 vaccination status and artificial insemination by partner outcomes among couples experiencing infertility in China.
Association of a Positive Drug Screening for Cannabis With Mortality and Hospital Visits Among Veterans Affairs Enrollees Prescribed Opioids
Authors: Salomeh Keyhani, Samuel Leonard, Amy L. Byers, Tauheed Zaman, Erin Krebs, Peter C. Austin, Tristan Moss-Vazquez, Charles Austin, Friedhelm Sandbrink, Dawn M. Bravata
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance Cannabis has been proposed as a therapeutic with potential opioid-sparing properties in chronic pain, and its use could theoretically be associated with decreased amounts of opioids used and decreased risk of mortality among individuals prescribed opioids. Objective To examine the risks associated with cannabis use among adults prescribed opioid analgesic medications. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study was conducted among individuals aged 18 years and older who had urine drug screening in 2014 to 2019 and received any prescription opioid in the prior 90 days or long-term opioid therapy (LTOT), defined as more than 84 days of the prior 90 days, through the Veterans Affairs health system. Data were analyzed from November 2020 through March 2022. Exposures Biologically verified cannabis use from a urine drug screen. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were 90-day and 180-day all-cause mortality. A composite outcome of all-cause emergency department (ED) visits, all-cause hospitalization, or all-cause mortality was a secondary outcome. Weights based on the propensity score were used to reduce confounding, and hazard ratios [HRs] were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Analyses were conducted among the overall sample of patients who received any prescription opioid in the prior 90 days and were repeated among those who received LTOT. Analyses were repeated among adults aged 65 years and older. Results Among 297 620 adults treated with opioids, 30 514 individuals used cannabis (mean [SE] age, 57.8 [10.5] years; 28 784 [94.3%] men) and 267 106 adults did not (mean [SE] age, 62.3 [12.3] years; P &amp;amp;lt; .001; 247 684 [92.7%] men; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Among all patients, cannabis use was not associated with increased all-cause mortality at 90 days (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.92-1.22) or 180 days (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.90-1.10) but was associated with an increased hazard of the composite outcome at 90 days (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.07) and 180 days (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06). Among 181 096 adults receiving LTOT, cannabis use was not associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality at 90 or 180 days but was associated with an increased hazard of the composite outcome at 90 days (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.09) and 180 days (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.09). Among 77 791 adults aged 65 years and older receiving LTOT, cannabis use was associated with increased 90-day mortality (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.17-2.04). Conclusions and Relevance This study found that cannabis use among adults receiving opioid analgesic medications was not associated with any change in mortality risk but was associated with a small increased risk of adverse outcomes and that short-term risks were higher among older adults receiving LTOT.
Implementation of Suicide Risk Estimation Analytics to Support Mental Health Care for Quality Improvement
Authors: Julie E. Richards, Bobbi Jo H. Yarborough, Erika Holden, Lisa Shulman, Scott P. Stumbo, Yates Coley, Gregory E. Simon
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

This quality improvement study describes use of estimation analytics to augment existing suicide prevention practices during routine mental health specialty encounters at a large US health care system.
Non-caloric artificial sweeteners modulate conjugative transfer of multi-drug resistance plasmid in the gut microbiota
Authors: Zhigang Yu, Ian R. Henderson, Jianhua Guo
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

Non-caloric artificial sweeteners have been widely permitted as table sugar substitutes with high intensities of sweetness. They can pass through the intestinal tract without significant metabolization and frequently encounter the gut microbiome, which is composed of diverse bacterial species and is a pool of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, little is known about whether these sweeteners could accelerate the spread of ARGs in the gut microbiome. Here, we established an in vitro conjugation model by using Escherichia coli that carries chromosome-inserted Tn7 lacIq-pLpp-mCherry and plasmid-encoded gfpmut3b gene as the donor and murine fecal bacteria as the recipient. We found that four commonly used artificial sweeteners (saccharin, sucralose, aspartame, and acesulfame potassium) can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and promote plasmid-mediated conjugative transfer to the gut microbiome. Cell sorting and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis of fecal samples reveal that the tested sweeteners can promote the broad-host-range plasmid permissiveness to both Gram-negative and Gram-positive gut bacteria. The increased plasmid permissiveness was also validated with a human pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. Collectively, our study demonstrates that non-caloric artificial sweeteners can induce oxidative stress and boost the plasmid-mediated conjugative transfer of ARGs among the gut microbiota and a human pathogen. Considering the soaring consumption of these sweeteners and the abundance of mobile ARGs in the human gut, our results highlight the necessity of performing a thorough risk assessment of antibiotic resistance associated with the usage of artificial sweeteners as food additives.
Indicators of quality of diabetes care in persons with type 2 diabetes with and without severe mental illness: a Danish nationwide register-based cohort study
Authors: Lenette Knudsen, Stine H. Scheuer, Lars J. Diaz, Caroline A. Jackson, Sarah H. Wild, Michael E. Benros, Dorte L. Hansen, Marit E. Jørgensen, Gregers S. Andersen
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2022)

This study aims to examine quality of diabetes care in persons with type 2 diabetes with and without severe mental illness (SMI).In a nationwide prospective register-based study, we followed persons with type 2 diabetes in Denmark with and without SMI including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression. Quality of care was measured as receipt of care (hemoglobin A1c, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and urine albumin creatinine ratio assessment and eye and foot screening) and achievement of treatment targets between 2015 and 2019. Quality of care was compared in persons with and without SMI using generalized linear mixed models adjusted for key confounders.We included 216,537 persons with type 2 diabetes. At entry 16,874 (8%) had SMI. SMI was associated with lower odds of receiving care, with the most pronounced difference in urine albumin creatinine ratio assessment and eye screening (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.53-0.58 and OR: 0.37 95% CI: 0.32-0.42, respectively). Among those with an assessment, we found that SMI was associated with higher achievement of recommended hemoglobin A1c levels and lower achievement of recommended low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. Achievement of recommended low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels was similar in persons with versus without schizophrenia.Compared to persons without SMI, persons with SMI were less likely to receive process of care, with the most pronounced differences in urine albumin creatinine ratio assessment and eye screening.This study was funded by Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen through an unrestricted grant from Novo Nordisk Foundation.
Position statement: IOC framework on fairness, inclusion and non-discrimination on the basis of gender identity and sex variations
Authors: Magali Martowicz, Richard Budgett, Madeleine Pape, Katia Mascagni, Lars Engebretsen, Lenka Dienstbach-Wech, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Fabio Pigozzi, Uğur Erdener
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2022)
Toward 3D Bioprinting of Osseous Tissue of Predefined Shape Using Single‐Matrix Cell‐Bioink Constructs
Authors: Yawei Gu, Sebastien Pigeot, Lucas Ahrens, Fabian Tribukait‐Riemenschneider, Melika Sarem, Francine Wolf, Andres García‐García, Andrea Barbero, Ivan Martin, V. Prasad Shastri
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Engineering living bone tissue of defined shape on-demand has remained a challenge. 3D bioprinting (3DBP), a biofabrication process capable of yielding cell constructs of defined shape, when combined with developmental engineering can provide a possible path forward. Through the development of a bioink possessing appropriate rheological properties to carry a high cell load and concurrently yield physically stable structures, printing of stable, cell-laden, single-matrix constructs of anatomical shapes is realized without the need for fugitive or support phases. Using this bioink system, constructs of hypertrophic cartilage of predesigned geometry are engineered in vitro by printing human mesenchymal stromal cells at a high density to drive spontaneous condensation and implanted in nude mice to evoke endochondral ossification. The implanted constructs retain their prescribed shape over a 12-week period and undergo remodeling to yield ossicles of the designed shape with neovascularization. Microcomputed tomography, histological, and immunohistochemistry assessments confirm bone tissue characteristics and the presence of human cells. These results demonstrate the potential of 3DBP to fabricate complex bone tissue for clinical application.
Proton Beam Therapy versus Radiofrequency Ablation for Patients with Treatment-Naïve Single Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Yuta Sekino, Ryosuke Tateishi, Nobuyoshi Fukumitsu, Toshiyuki Okumura, Kazushi Maruo, Takashi Iizumi, Haruko Numajiri, Masashi Mizumoto, Tatsuya Minami, Ryo Nakagomi, Masaya Sato, Yoshinari Asaoka, Hayato Nakagawa, Yuki Hayata, Naoto Fujiwara, Shuichiro Shiina, Kazuhiko Koike, Hideyuki Sakurai
Journal: Liver Cancer (2022)

Proton beam therapy (PBT) is known to be an effective locoregional treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, few comparative studies in treatment-naïve cases have been reported. The aim of this study was to compare the survival outcomes of PBT with those of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with treatment-naïve solitary HCC.
Gestational Glucose Intolerance and Risk of Future Diabetes
Authors: Daryl J. Selen, Tanayott Thaweethai, Carolin C.M. Schulte, Sarah Hsu, Wei He, Kaitlyn James, Anjali Kaimal, James B. Meigs, Camille E. Powe
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

OBJECTIVE Pregnant individuals are universally screened for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Gestational glucose intolerance (GGI) (an abnormal initial GDM screening test without a GDM diagnosis) is not a recognized diabetes risk factor. We tested for an association between GGI and diabetes after pregnancy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of individuals followed for prenatal and primary care. We defined GGI as an abnormal screening glucose-loading test result at ≥24 weeks’ gestation with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) that did not meet GDM criteria. The primary outcome was incident diabetes. We used Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying exposures and covariates to compare incident diabetes risk in individuals with GGI and normal glucose tolerance. RESULTS Among 16,836 individuals, there were 20,359 pregnancies with normal glucose tolerance, 2,943 with GGI, and 909 with GDM. Over a median of 8.4 years of follow-up, 428 individuals developed diabetes. Individuals with GGI had increased diabetes risk compared to those with normal glucose tolerance in pregnancy (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.01 [95% CI 1.54–2.62], P &amp;lt; 0.001). Diabetes risk increased with the number of abnormal OGTT values (zero, aHR 1.54 [1.09–2.16], P = 0.01; one, aHR 2.97 [2.07–4.27], P &amp;lt; 0.001; GDM, aHR 8.26 [6.49–10.51], P &amp;lt; 0.001 for each compared with normal glucose tolerance). The fraction of cases of diabetes 10 years after delivery attributable to GGI and GDM was 8.5% and 28.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS GGI confers an increased risk of future diabetes. Routinely available clinical data identify an unrecognized group who may benefit from enhanced diabetes screening and prevention.
The Great Immune Escape: Understanding the Divergent Immune Response in Breast Cancer Subtypes
Authors: Sayali S. Onkar, Neil M. Carleton, Peter C. Lucas, Tullia C. Bruno, Adrian V. Lee, Dario A.A. Vignali, Steffi Oesterreich
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2022)

Breast cancer, the most common type of cancer affecting women, encompasses a collection of histologic (mainly ductal and lobular) and molecular subtypes exhibiting diverse clinical presentation, disease trajectories, treatment options, and outcomes. Immunotherapy has revolutionized treatment for some solid tumors but has shown limited promise for breast cancers. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the complex interactions between tumor and immune cells in subtypes of breast cancer at the cellular and microenvironmental levels. We aim to provide a perspective on opportunities for future immunotherapy agents tailored to specific features of each subtype of breast cancer. Although there are currently over 200 ongoing clinical trials testing immunotherapeutics, such as immune-checkpoint blockade agents, these are largely restricted to the triple-negative and HER2+ subtypes and primarily focus on T cells. With the rapid expansion of new in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data, it is critical to identify and highlight the challenges and opportunities unique for each breast cancer subtype to drive the next generation of treatments that harness the immune system.
Oxford consensus on primary cam morphology and femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: part 1—definitions, terminology, taxonomy and imaging outcomes
Authors: H Paul Dijkstra, Sean Mc Auliffe, Clare L Ardern, Joanne L Kemp, Andrea Britt Mosler, Amy Price, Paul Blazey, Dawn Richards, Abdulaziz Farooq, Andreas Serner, Eugene McNally, Vasco Mascarenhas, Richard W Willy, Jason L Oke, Karim M Khan, Sion Glyn-Jones, Mike Clarke, Trisha Greenhalgh
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2022)

Introduction Primary cam morphology is a mostly benign bony prominence that develops at the femoral head-neck junction of the hip, but it is highly prevalent in many athlete populations. In the small proportion of athletes for whom it is not benign, the resulting hip osteoarthritis can be debilitating. Clinicians, athletes, patients and researchers do not yet agree on important primary cam morphology elements. We aimed to ascertain and improve the level of agreement on primary cam morphology definitions, terminology, taxonomy and imaging outcome measures. Methods To collect and aggregate informed opinions, an expert panel—the Young Athlete’s Hip Research Collaborative—rated primary cam morphology definition, terminology, taxonomy and imaging outcome statements through an online Delphi exercise followed by an online meeting to explore areas of tension and dissent. Reporting followed Conducting and REporting DElphi Studies. Results A diverse and inclusive Delphi panel (n=65 for rounds 1 and 2, representing 18 countries; 6 stakeholder groups; 40% women) agreed on 35 of 47 statements in 4 domains, while surfacing areas of tension and dissent. This Delphi panel agreed on four key issues essential to moving research and clinical care forward around primary cam morphology. They agreed on: (1) definition, confirming its conceptual attributes (tissue type, size, location, shape and ownership); (2) terminology—use ‘morphology’ and not terms with a negative connotation like ‘lesion’, ‘abnormality’ or ‘deformity’; (3) taxonomy, distinguishing between primary and secondary cam morphology, and (4) imaging outcomes, a continuous bone/cartilage alpha angle on radial femoral head-neck MRI for primary cam morphology aetiology research. Conclusion This consensus provides athletes, patients, clinicians and researchers with a strong foundation to guide more precise communication, better clinical decision-making and higher value research about primary cam morphology and its natural history.