tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Current Trends in Physicians' Practice Arrangements
Authors: Phillip R. Kletke
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine current trends in practice organization among postresident patient care physicians in the United States. <h3>Design and Setting.</h3> —The American Medical Association's Socioeconomic Monitoring System (SMS), a series of periodic surveys of nationally representative samples of nonfederal postresident patient care physicians. Physicians were divided into 3 categories based on the organization of their main practice. They were classified as employee physicians if they had no ownership interest in their practice, as self-employed solo physicians if they were in 1-physician practices in which they had an ownership interest, and as self-employed group physicians if they were in multiple-physician practices in which they had an ownership interest. <h3>Particpants.</h3> —Nonfederal, postresident patient care physicians who provided more than 47000 responses to SMS surveys between 1983 and 1994. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —The proportion of nonfederal postresident patient care physicians who were employees between 1983 and 1994. <h3>Results.</h3> —Between 1983 and 1994, the proportion of patient care physicians practicing as employees rose from 24.2% to 42.3% (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), the proportion self-employed in solo practices fell from 40.5% to 29.3% (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), and the proportion self-employed in group practices fell from 35.3% to 28.4% (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Most of these changes occurred in the latter half of the 12-year period. These trends, which are evident in virtually every segment of the patient care physician population, are especially prominent among young physicians. The growing proportion of employee physicians is associated with increases in the earnings of employee physicians relative to those of self-employed solo physicians. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Current trends in the US health care system are rapidly changing the career opportunities of patient care physicians and, hence, physicians' choice of practice arrangement.
A Text-Book of the Diseases of the Ear, Nose and Pharynx.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Hypolipidemic Effects of Gemfibrozil in Type V Hyperlipidemia
Authors: David A. Leaf
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Thirteen patients with phenotypic type V hyperlipidemia were treated with either gemfibrozil (Lopid) or a placebo in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study for two 8-week periods. A 4-week baseline period of a low-fat diet preceded the study and served as a dietary control period. A 4-week washout period followed the two 8-week periods. Compared with the placebo phase, gemfibrozil produced a significant reduction in the concentrations of total plasma triglycerides (21.03 vs 5.50 mmol/L) and very low—density lipoprotein triglycerides (14.40 vs 4.59 mmol/L) as well as in total plasma cholesterol levels (10.88 vs 5.62 mmol/L) and very low—density lipoprotein cholesterol (6.66 vs 2.15 mmol/L). Chylomicronemia was virtually abolished by the drug treatment. As expected in treated patients with type V hyperlipidemia, concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol rose after therapy with gemfibrozil (3.08 mmol/L) as compared with placebo (1.84 mmol/L); high-density lipoprotein cholesterol also increased (0.85 mmol/L after therapy with gemfibrozil, 0.62 mmol/L after placebo). The previously very low values for both of these lipoproteins increased at the same time that the total plasma cholesterol value decreased. We conclude that gemfibrozil is a well-tolerated and effective hypolipidemic agent for the treatment of patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia when used in conjunction with a low-fat diet. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:3154-3160)
Lack of Correlation of Growth Attenuation of Murine Lymphoma Caused by In Vitro Passage With Loss of Lactate Dehydrogenase Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Previous studies demonstrated that 6C3HED, a transplantable murine lymphosarcoma, could be modulated by long-term in vitro culture to yield cell lines with attenuated growth characteristics in vivo. The present studies examine the role of lactate dehydrogenase virus (LDV) infection in this phenomenon. LDV, a potentially immunosuppressive virus, was present in the parent tumor maintained by serial transfer in vivo. Explantation and serial propagation in vitro eliminated the virus. Two LDV-free in vitro lines (6C3HED/A and 6C3HED/B) were examined by being grafted into LDV-negative mice. Line 6C3HED/A behaved virulently, growing in a similar fashion as the parent tumor. In contrast, line 6C3HED/B demonstrated the same initial growth rate as the parent tumor, but it was rapidly and regularly rejected by grafted mice. Prior infection of mice with LDV did not affect the growth characteristics of these lines. Thus the growth characteristics of the parent, 6C3HED/A, or 6C3HED/B tumor were not correlated with infection with LDV.
Virus and Cell Requirements for Friend Virus Granulocytic Leukemogenesis in Long-Term Bone Marrow Cultures of NIH Swiss [N:NIH(S)] Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Joel S. Greenberger
 6, Peter E. New burger, Jeffrey M. Lipton, William C. Moloney, MaryAnn Sakakeeny, Pamela L. Jackson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

The effect of hematopoietic stem cell age on leukemogenesis in vitro was tested in nonrecharged, corticoster-old-supplemented NIH Swiss [N:NIH(S)] mouse long-term bone marrow cultures infected with Friend murine leukemia virus of anemia-inducing strain (F-MuLV-A) or spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) [Rauscher murine leukemia virus (R-MuLV)], a pseudotype virus derived by rescue of the SFFV genome from SFFV-Balb/3T3 clone A31 nonproducer cells with clonal helper R-MuLV. Cultures at 33° C derived from 10-day-old or adult mouse marrow generated colony-forming unit culture granulocytic macrophage (CFUc) progenitor cells for over 20 weeks and colony-forming unit spleen cells for 14 weeks and generated permanent granulocytic leukemia cell lines after infection with F-MuLV-A at week 1, 2, or 4 but not at week 8. Leukemia lines were of granulocyte phenotype whether induced by F-MuLV-A or SFFV (R-MuLV) and synthesized myeloperoxidase and lysozyme but were restricted in ability to generate superoxide in response to phorbol myristate acetate stimulation. Cultures (31° C) Infected with temperature-sensitive (ts) helper virus mutant pseudotypes of SFFV as well as SFFV (R-MuLV) generated granulocytic leukemia lines, whereas only SFFV (R-MuLV) pseudotype virus-infected cultures became leukemic at 37° C. R-MuLV wild type or ts mutant helper virus infection alone increased cell proliferation and numbers of CFUc but did not generate leukemia. These data indicated that gene(s) specific to F-MuLV-A or a virus rescued from SFFV-Balb/3T3 clone A31 nonproducer cells are required for transformation in vitro of a hematopoietic stem cell present in early but absent in late bone marrow cultures.
<i>In Vitro</i> Effects of Bisphenol A <b>β</b> -D-Glucuronide (BPA-G) on Adipogenesis in Human and Murine Preadipocytes
Authors: Jonathan G. Boucher, Adèle Boudreau, Shaimaa Ahmed, Ella Atlas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Exposure to common environmental substances, such as bisphenol A (BPA), has been associated with a number of negative health outcomes. In vivo, BPA is rapidly converted to its predominant metabolite, BPA-glucuronide (BPA-G), which has long been believed to be biologically inactive because it lacks estrogenic activity. However, the effects of BPA-G on cellular metabolism have not been characterized. In the present study we examined the effect of BPA-G on adipogenesis.The effect of BPA-G on the differentiation of human and 3T3L1 murine preadipocytes was evaluated in vitro by quantifying lipid accumulation and the expression of adipogenic markers.Treatment of 3T3L1 preadipocytes with 10 μM BPA-G induced a significant increase in lipid accumulation, mRNA expression of the adipogenic markers sterol regulatory element binding factor 1 (SREBF1) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and protein levels of LPL, aP2, and adipsin. Treatment of primary human preadipocytes with BPA-G also induced adipogenesis as determined by aP2 levels. Co-treatment of cells with the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist fulvestrant (ICI) significantly inhibited the BPA-G-induced increase in LPL and aP2 levels, whereas treatment with ICI alone had no effect. Moreover, BPA-G did not display any significant estrogenic activity.To our knowledge, this study is the first to report that BPA-G induces adipocyte differentiation and is not simply an inactive metabolite. The fact that BPA-G induced adipogenesis and was inhibited by an ER antagonist yet showed no estrogenic activity suggests that it has no classical ER transcriptional activation function and acts through a pathway that remains to be determined.
Bacteriuria During Indwelling Catheter Drainage
Authors: George F. Thornton
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Fifty-one abacteriuric patients requiring prolonged catheter drainage were studied with a new closed sterile drainage system including a nonreturn valve designed to limit reflux of urine from collection bag to drainage tube. Twenty-eight patients remained abacteriuric during the entire period of catheter drainage. In 20 of 27 instances of bag contamination, a delay of at least 24 hours was noted before bladder urine became infected. Closed sterile drainage of the urinary bladder is effective in preventing catheter associated urinary tract infections for short periods. Ascending infection throngh the lumen of the drainage tube is the major pathway by which bacteria infect bladder urine.
Hormone, Serum, and Methylxanthine Interactions in the Regulation of DNA Synthesis in Organ-Cultured Rat Mammary Tumors&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Robert M. Mayer, Edward J. Diamond, Vincent P. Hollander
 5
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Previous studies have shown that the growth of MTW9, a hormone-dependent rat mammary tumor, is stimulated by the presence of a mammosomatotropic tumor coimplant (MtTW10) but is inhibited by the administration of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP). This study examines the direct effect of serum taken from MtTW10-bearing WF rats (MtT serum) and of substances that increase cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) on DNA synthesis in organ-cultured MTW9. Expiant DNA synthesis was significantly greater in the presence of MtT serum than in either normal female or male rat serum. Preparations of hormones known to be present in MtT serum failed to simulate the activity of MtT serum. Whereas 1 mM cAMP and 1 mM DBcAMP did not alter DNA synthesis in MTW9 expiants, inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases substantially suppressed the rate of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. However, addition of MtT serum to cultures completely prevented the effects of these substances. This activity of MtT serum could not be duplicated by any of the following additions to the culture medium: normal female or male rat serum, National Institutes of Health (NIH) rat prolactin (2.5 μg/ml), NIH rat growth hormone (2.5 μg/ml), insulin (5 μg/ml), 17β-estradiol (5 μg/ml), or a hormone combination simulating the known endocrine constituents of MtT serum. The results suggested that the serum of the MtT-bearing animal contained an activity, unidentified at present, that could antagonize the growth-inhibitory action of the cAMP system and that may participate in the regulation of mammary tumor growth.
Gastrointestinal Series in Patients With Gallstones
Authors: Anne C. Brower
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Symptoms related to the gallbladder and the upper GI tract are difficult to evaluate. Referring physicians often find it difficult to differentiate between the diseases involving the two systems. If a patient has classic peptic ulcer symptoms and the radiologist finds gallstones and does not perform the GI series, he leaves the surgeon with an unknown. The GI series removes this unknown or "influences his diagnostic thinking." His surgical approach is modified accordingly. A negative examination can be just as efficacious as a positive examination.
A Companion to Manuals of Practical Anatomy.
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
David the 'Bubble Boy' and the Boundaries of the Human
Authors: Raymond J. Lawrence
Journal: JAMA (1985)

NOW that some time has passed since the much-publicized death in Houston of David, the boy in the bubble, it is perhaps appropriate to begin public discussion of the significance of David's life and possible implications his life may have for the future. Except for Allan J. Hamilton's editorial in<i>Newsweek</i>, March 26,I am not aware that any of the media has broached or even hinted at the profound and disturbing ethical and humanitarian issues that David's life raises. There is some evidence that David's very existence presents the specter of a virtually autonomous medical technocracy at work in our society, a technocracy that is at best only dimly aware of the subtle and delicate boundaries of the human. Let me say from the outset that I have had personal interest in and knowledge of this case from the beginning. As director of Clinical Pastoral Education at St Luke's Episcopal/Texas
Occult Temporal Arteritis
Authors: José A. Gutrecht
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Physicians Trade White Coats for Space Suits
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1986)

"I'M GOING to stay with NASA. It's my job and I like it. Obviously, there was negligence involved. There were parts of the team that let us [NASA] down," says Story F. Musgrave, MD. Musgrave's thoughts on the Challenger explosion mirror those of many of his physician-astronaut colleagues: The tragedy sparked a period of reassessment and, ultimately, recommitment to a career that has taken them away from the daily practice of medicine, but richly rewarded them with both physical and intellectual challenges. Because shuttle flights won't resume until some time in 1988, according to NASA, "everybody reevaluated. And perhaps some who would have decided to leave NASA in the near future said, 'now's a good time,' " says Rhea Seddon, MD. Some have received attractive offers from industry. Others, Seddon says, while not openly saying so, may have thought, " 'I saw my friends die and I see what their spouses are
Lung cancer in miners
Authors: D. J. B. Ashley
Journal: Thorax (1968)

The clinical, histological, and biological features of 157 lung cancers in coal miners and ex-miners are presented. In most respects—age, bronchoscopic appearances, histological type, and symptoms —the two groups are similar. A high incidence of dyspnoea in the miners was attributed to the concurrence of chronic bronchopulmonary disease. A striking feature was the lower frequency with which lung cancer in miners was found to be operable. It was suggested that the lower frequency of lung cancer in miners is related to an enhancement of the state of immunological preparedness in the lung related to the immune component in the pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis. The differences in lung cancer between miners and non-miners may be partially explained in this way.
JAMA in the Netherlands
Authors: Elizabeth Knoll
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Because the annual<i>Transactions</i>, with their reports of cases and research, appeared too infrequently to satisfy the members of the young American Medical Association (AMA), the weekly<i>Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA)</i>was founded in 1883. Under the editorship of Nathan S. Davis, MD, one of the founders of the AMA, who modeled his journal on the influential<i>British Medical Journal, JAMA</i>was intended to bring the newest contributions to medical science to its 3800 initial readers.<sup>1</sup> From the beginning,<i>JAMA</i>had an international scope. Its early issues contain regular letters from London and Paris, written by<i>JAMA</i>'s special correspondent, that reported on medical meetings and debates (the LETTERS FROM PARIS are full of discussions of Pasteur's controversial early attempts at vaccination against rabies). A MEDICAL PROGRESS section contained brief summaries of reports in European as well as American state journals. News stories on cholera epidemics
Preterm Delivery: Can We Lower the Black Infant's First Hurdle?
Authors: Carol J. R. Hogue
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The article by Klebanoff et al<sup>1</sup>in this issue ofThe Journaldisputes previously published work by Lieberman et al<sup>2</sup>that suggests anemia may explain a major proportion of the difference in preterm delivery rates between blacks and whites. This controversy highlights the importance of closing the enormous black-white gap in infant mortality in the United States. Over the last two decades, our infant mortality rate has fallen from 7th to 19th among developed countries. This deterioration in a prominent indicator of our nation's health has led to substantial federal, state, and local concern to accelerate improvements in infant health. The problem of infant mortality is particularly apparent among black infants who continue to experience twice the risk of death and low birth weight as white infants—<i>ratios that have remained unchanged over two decades</i>. In fact, a black infant born in 1985 had less chance of living
The Chlamydia Epidemic
Authors: King K. Holmes
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>JAMA:</h3> What are the most important facts that practitioners should know about diseases caused by<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>? <h3>Holmes:</h3> I believe that there are five crucial facts concerning chlamydial infections that practitioners should know. Chlamydial infections are epidemic in this country, yet they are neither well recognized nor correctly treated in many instances. Nationally, we are observing alarming increases in the number of cases of ectopic pregnancy and salpingitis, a large proportion of which may result from chlamydial infection. Since each of these ectopic pregnancies represents one fetal death, this constitutes an epidemic of fetal deaths. Chlamydial infections during pregnancy should receive much greater attention. These infections may lead to postpartum endometritis in the mother and may be transmitted to the infant, causing pneumonia or eye infection. Our group has disturbing data showing that the fetuses of women who have chlamydial infections during pregnancy are at increased risk
Blood-Transfusion Reactions
Authors: John Olaniyi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

Blood transfusion reaction/adverse transfusion reactions could be fatal/severe or mild, immediate or delayed, immunological or nonimmunological, and infectious or noninfectious, and attention is paid particularly to the incidence, possible causes and pathophysiology, clinical features, and management of each type with the aim of improving awareness and raising consciousness towards improving blood safety and judicious use of blood so as to forestall these blood transfusion reactions as much as possible.This chapter serves as a synopsis to adverse blood reactions, which are very common but apparently more often under-recognized and/or underreported particularly in developing countries.This should sharpen the consciousness of all health practitioners involved in blood transfusion services towards taking measures at preventing transfusion reactions right from donor selection up to the infusion of blood into the recipients.