tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunotherapy in Friend Virus Leukemia. II. Prevention of Friend Leukemia by Passive Administration of Immune Serum and Cells to Young Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Britta Wahren
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

Different ways of imparting passive immunity to primary Friend virus-induced leukemia were compared. Antiserum produced by immunizing semisyngeneic mice with DBA/2 Friend leukemic spleen cells or formalin-inactivated leukemic spleen homogenate was shown to neutralize virus and to be cytotoxic to Friend leukemia cells. Inoculation of such sera to newborn litters effectively prevented the induction of Friend leukemia. This effect was seen when antiserum was given as late as 6 days after the Friend virus. Virus titrations showed that the best protection was achieved by a combination of immunization of the mother and inoculation of hyperimmune serum to the newborns. Cytotoxic antibodies in the sera of immunized females decreased during lactation. Significant amounts of cytotoxic antibodies were found in litters suckling immunized females but not in litters from immunized mothers suckling untreated nurses. Furthermore, the spleen weights of the infected litters were inversely related to the presence of cytotoxic antibodies in the mother's serum. Immune lymph node cells had to be given 7–14 days before Friend virus challenge for maximum protection. This implies that humoral antibodies are synthesized and that they are responsible for an early virus neutralization giving an efficient protection to the Friend leukemia. The protective effect was specific and there was no cross-reaction with the Gross virus-induced leukemia antigen.
Glucose Metabolism in Skin Tumor and Hyperplasia Induced in the Rhesus Monkey by 7,12-Dimethylbenz[&lt;italic&gt;a&lt;/italic&gt;]anthracene&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M. J. C. Im
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

Keratoacanthomas and epidermal hyperplasia developed on the back skin of rhesus monkeys after topical applications of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and dodecylbenzene. Fluorometric microenzyme assay with 0.5–2.0 µg tissue sample provided a sufficient measurement of enzyme activities in the limited area of the tumor and hyperplastic tissue as well as in normal skin. Neither the tumor nor the hyperplastic epidermis had any significantly different enzyme activities, a fact that concurs with the benign nature of keratoacanthoma. However, these tissues did have enzyme activities quantitatively different from those of the normal epidermis. Glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities were 5 and 4 times higher, respectively, in the tumor and hyperplastic tissue than in the normal epidermis. These responses led to the speculation that the glucose might be shifted significantly via the pentose cycle so that the tissue would also provide basic substances for nucleic acid synthesis, in addition to the energy (adenosine triphosphate) for increased proliferation. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was increased threefold, whereas lactate dehydrogenase activity did not change significantly in the tumor and hyperplastic tissues. Isocitrate dehydrogenase activity increased threefold, but malate dehydrogenase activity changed little.
Phase 0/1 of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent [18F]-ODS2004436 as a marker of EGFR mutation in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Authors: Alexandre Cochet, Nicolas Isambert, Pascal Foucher, Aurelie Bertaut, Cyril Berthet, Bruno P. Coudert, Jean-Bernard Deloye, Charles Coutant, Petra Blom, Gilles Viot, Jean-Marc Vrigneaud, Jan Hoflack, Yann Bouvet, Pierre Fumoleau, Philippe Genne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

e24184 Background: Multiple EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are approved for treatment of NSCLC harboring EGFR activating mutations or secondary TKIs resistant mutation. We evaluate a new PET radiotracer targeting specifically activated EGFR in a phase 0/1 clinical trial (NCT02847377) to be used as dynamic imaging biomarker to determine and predict responsiveness to EGFR TKI. Methods: This phase 0/I trial is divided into 3 steps according to the genetic profile of patients with NSCLC. Step 1: inclusion of 8 patients harboring EGFR mutation. PET with [18F]-ODS2004436 radiotracer is performed at day 0 (baseline) before treatment, and 7 days after beginning of treatment by EGFR TKI in order to calculate changes of the tumor radiotracer uptake. A significant tumor uptake on at least 6 patients with EGFR mutation is required (sensibility > 75%). Step 2: enrollment of 6 patients without EGFR mutation (WT). PET will be performed only at baseline. Step 3: enrollment of 4 others patients with EGFR mutation. The primary objective is to obtain data on sensibility and specificity of [18F]-ODS2004436 regarding EGFR activating mutations. The secondary objective is to validate the binding competition of [18F]-ODS2004436 in mutated patient treated by EGFR targeted therapy, the dosimetry and the safety of this biomarker in humans. Comparison with standard clinical FDG PET before inclusion is planned. Results: Currently 8 patients have been included in step 1 and 4 in step 2. Preliminary data show encouraging results in term of sensitivity and specificity all patients with EGFR mutation (step 1) shows significant uptake (ratio between tumor and background higher than 1.4) in primary EGFR mutated tumors and metastases, and reduced uptake after TKI treatment. Interestingly this radiotracer allowed the observation of brain metastases. Differential uptake has also been noticed compared to FDG-PET. Complete results from this phase 0/1 study will be reported. Conclusions: Molecular imaging of the activated EGFR mutation with an innovative PET drug companion could be a further step towards a personalized and predictive medicine in complement to mutation analysis. Clinical trial information: NCT02847377.
Endoscopic Recognition of Early Carcinoma in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Robert H. Riddell
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their article on the inefficacy of colonoscopy for early carcinoma detection in patients with ulcerative colitis (236:2651,1976), Crowson et al emphasize the difficulty that even the experienced endoscopist can encounter in detecting early carcinoma in ulcerative colitis. They also quote the inability of Cook et al<sup>1</sup>to detect macroscopically five of the 26 carcinomas that they examined in patients with colitis, although these were detected microscopically. However, there is an inconsistency here. Could all of these carcinomas detected by microscopic means only be accidents of random sectioning by the pathologist? As pathologists are trained to take sections of virtually any abnormality, these "accidents" are almost certainly macroscopic abnormalities which, perhaps unwittingly, have been sampled. The problem, therefore, might be that the early carcinoma in ulcerative colitis may be sufficiently atypical that the endoscopist (or pathologist) is unfamiliar with its appearance. For while they may have
Disaster Medicine What Is It? Can It Be Taught?
Authors: Roswell K. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1966)

We are all familiar with the disconcerting facts that we prepare for war on the basis of past experience and that the new wars always prove to be quite different. When I was a medical student many years ago, much of the teaching in surgery was "what we learned in the World War." Unfortunately, much of what my professors learned in World War I just was not true, ie, that wounds need frequent dressings and irrigation with sodium hypochlorite solution, that the drafty places in barracks and hospitals caused influenzal pneumonia. However, good lessons can be learned in war. World War II taught us again the sound principles of management of mass casualties, the importance of the proper use of traction splints, and many other things of lasting value. After World War II the American people were especially conscious of danger inherent in the changing character of war. Missiles and
The control of bile acid pool size: Effect of jejunal resection and phenobarbitone on bile acid metabolism in the rat
Authors: H. Y. I. Mok, P. M. Perry, R. H. Dowling
Journal: Gut (1974)

In patients with cholesterol gallstones, there is a diminished bile acid pool and the bile becomes supersaturated with cholesterol. Medical treatment has been aimed at re-expanding the pool to improve cholesterol solubility in bile but as yet the factors controlling the size of the bile acid pool9 are unknown. Therefore the role of the liver and intestine in controlling bile acid pool size in the rat was studied and the effect of experimental expansion of the pool on bile acid metabolism and bile lipid composition examined. Bile acid absorption was increased from ileum made hyperplastic by previous jejunectomy and hepatic bile acid synthesis was increased by phenobarbitone treatment. Both jejunal resection and phenobarbitone significantly increased the size of the bile acid pool from 32.2 ± SEM 0.94 μmoles/100 g body weight to 42.2 ± 1.71 and 44.4 ± 2.03 respectively. However, the effects of these experimental manipulations on bile acid secretion rate, enterohepatic cycling frequency, and synthesis rates were quite different. Jejunectomy caused a 56% increase in bile acid secretion and more rapid cycling of the bile acid pool but the enhanced absorption did not depress bile acid synthesis. In contrast, phenobarbitone markedly increased synthesis from 14.5 ± 1.42 μmoles.100 g BW<sup>−1</sup>. 24 hr<sup>−1</sup> to 25.9 ± 3.19 but there was no significant change in bile acid secretion and the choleresis seen after phenobarbitone was mainly due to an increase in the bile acid-independent fraction of bile flow. In these experimental studies in the rat, expansion of the bile acid pool did not significantly change bile lipid composition or cholesterol solubility in bile.
The Oculopharyngeal Syndrome
Authors: Sean F. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Members of a large French-Canadian family were found to have the cardinal features of the oculopharyngeal syndrome, including ptosis and dysphagia, which usually began late in life and progressed slowly. Weakness of facial, extraocular, and limb-girdle muscles occurred in a proportion of affected individuals. Mechanical and cineradiographic studies of swallowing showed that the function of the striated muscle portions of the hypopharynx and upper esophagus was impaired. Electromyography, serum muscle enzyme determinations, and muscle biopsy specimens offered suggestive, but not definitive, evidence that the disorder was primarily myopathic. Generic analysis revealed that the disorder was transmitted in straightforward dominant fashion. All of the numerous French-Canadian family groups with the oculopharyngeal syndrome are now known to be related to one another, and presumably share the same underlying biochemical defect, which has yet to be elucidated.
Postoperative 'Gas Pains'
Authors: Daniel O. Hammond
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The answers to the question about "gas pains" from Dr Morrison<sup>1</sup>neglected to mention one of the major contributors to postoperative distention. The use of a straw for the administration of fluids from cups is a major source of intestinal air. Complaints about gas pain decrease if straws are avoided and obviously the mechanism is decreased aerophagia. The content of CO<sub>2</sub>in a bottle of a Coca-Cola is 490 mL. Added to the volume of fluid, this produces an effective displacement of about 700 mL.<sup>2</sup>The problem of carbonated beverages is a real one and they probably should be avoided.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum function during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion
Authors: K. Mubagwa
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Journal Article Sarcoplasmic reticulum function during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion Get access K. Mubagwa K. Mubagwa Centre of Experimental Surgery and Anaesthesiology, University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O.&N., 49 Herestraat, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 30, Issue 2, August 1995, Pages 166–175, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(95)00066-6 Published: 01 August 1995 Article history Received: 02 September 1994 Accepted: 09 May 1995 Published: 01 August 1995
Comparing Antibiotics: Statistical Rigor vs Practicality
Authors: William C. Blackwelder
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Lin et al<sup>1</sup>have concluded that seven days of ceftriaxone therapy is as effective as ten days of therapy in children with bacterial meningitis, based on the failure to find statistically significant differences in various measures of outcome between two randomized groups of 35 children each. While this conclusion may be correct, the evidence reported is not sufficient to support it. To illustrate, let us consider one of their findings: in each of the two treatment groups, four (11.4%) of 35 children had two or more neurological complications. This result suggests that the two treatments may have a similar effect. However, a 90% confidence interval for the difference between the true percentages is —12.5% to 12.5%; a statistical test at a two-sided 10% significance level would therefore not reject the hypothesis that the true percentages differ by as much as 12.5%. Thus, the study was too
Endoscopy International Open – recently published
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

Comment on: Comparative analysis of avascular areas in superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinomas using in vivo and ex vivo magnifying endoscopyEndosc Int Open 2017; 05(10): E999-E1004DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-117956 Comment on: Linked color imaging (LCI), a novel image-enhanced endoscopy technology, emphasizes the color of early gastric cancerEndosc Int Open 2017; 05(10): E1005-E1013DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-117881 Comment on: Comparative evaluation of two porcine ex vivo models for training in endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collectionsEndosc Int Open 2017; 05(10): E1020-E1026DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-117945
Treatment of pregnant women with recurrent miscarriage associated with phospholipid antibodies
Authors: O. B Christiansen, J. Kingdom, E. Jauniaux, J.-C. Piette, D. L. T. Huong, B. Wechsler, R. Rai, L. Regan
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Superficial analysis ignores evidence on efficacy of treatmentEditor-The conclusions of John Wright and colleagues have the potential to jeopardise public health as well as patients' care; their systematic review lacks the necessary depth and understanding of the issues. 1he authors note that sleep apnoea is currently viewed as a public health concern because it is prevalent and thought to be associated with morbidity and mortality.The collective evidence from the studies included in the review supports this view; the authors' conclusions that evidence for the health effects of sleep apnoea is "weak or contradictory" and that "the relevance of sleep apnoea to public health has been exaggerated" are disturbing.The authors seem to have misinterpreted the findings of some studies.In their assessment of nine studies of hypertension judged to be methodologically adequate, the authors dismiss seven studies that show an independent association between sleep apnoea and hypertension.
Food and the Principles of Dietetics.
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Outwitting Our Nerves. A Primer of Psychotherapy.
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of Tryptophan Mustard on Incorporation of Amino Acids Into Proteins In Tumor-Bearing Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1966)

The effects of 5-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-DL-tryptophan, a nitrogen mustard derivative of tryptophan, on the incorporation of amino acids into proteins have been studied in rats bearing the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma. The intravenous injection of 0.8 mg per kg of the mustard regularly induced carcinostasis and occasionally produced complete regression of the tumor. These effects were accompanied by an inhibition of the incorporation of amino acids into the proteins of the tumor. The degree of inhibition was always greater in the nuclear than in the cytoplasmic proteins, which confirmed a predominantly antinuclear action observed with other alkylating agents. The inhibition of amino acid incorporation, which followed the administration of tryptophan mustard occurred only in the tumor, while nonamino acid mustards such as nitrogen mustard (HN2) and uracil mustard had suppressive effects on the uptake of amino acids into the proteins of a number of nontumor tissues. The spleen decreased in size, but the incorporation of tryptophan into proteins of the spleen was markedly increased after treatment with tryptophan mustard. Tryptophan mustard was equally effective in the inhibition of the formation of tumor proteins from tryptophan and arginine. These data suggest that this amino acid mustard does not act as an analogue inhibitor but as an alkylating agent with altered tissue specificity.
Ventricular Myxoma Associated With Cerebral Embolism
Authors: Martin M. Mandel
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Cardiac tumor emboli to the brain are rare. Previously reported cases have all been associated with myxoma of the left atrium, and, to our knowledge, an embolus associated with a myxoma of the ventricle has not been previously reported. The patient had two episodes of recurrent hemiplegia following periods of excessive exertion. Carotid angiography demonstrated a complete occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. Echocardiography also proved valuable in diagnosis. Microscopic examination of this vessel revealed the lesion to be a myxoma which had originated from a myxoma of the apex of the left ventricle. This etiologic factor should be considered in the occurrence of cerebrovascular occlusive disease in the young adult.
Editorial board and contents
Authors: Rhiannon Macrae, Milka Kostic, Basil Nyaku, Ria Otten, Patrick Scheffmann, S Gasser, Y Hayashizaki, S Henikoff, H Horvitz, L Hurst, E Koonin, E Meyerowitz, S Moreno, A Nieto, Spain Ponting, J Wysocka, Anne-Laure Todeschini, Adrien Georges, Reiner Veitia
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2014)
Use of statins
Authors: P. Enoch, R L Akehurst, P. Sheridan, P. Savege, S. Silverman, W. Bennett, W. McNee, S. Metcalfe, J. M Wright, A S Wierzbicki, T M Reynolds, A. M. Davis, D P Mikhailidis, A F Winder, J McMurray, A McGuire, M Raikou, C Morrison, A. P Wakeman, R. H Leach, D. Lewis, E J Wallis, L E Ramsay, W W Yeo, P R Jackson, M Pickin, I U Haq, J. Betteridge, J. Shepherd, G. Thompson, J. Kjekshus, T. R Pedersen
Journal: BMJ (1997)

# Adequacy of SMAC's statement should be judged by clinicians, not health economists {#article-title-2} See editorial by Muldoon Editor—Freemantle et al's editorial argues that the statement on the use of statins in coronary heart disease prepared by the Standing Medical Advisory Committee and issued recently by the NHS Executive is “simply inadequate.”1 2 The adequacy or otherwise of advice depends on the context in which it was issued and whether it is appropriate for the purpose. The context was the dramatic increase in the prescribing of statins since the publication of two landmark randomised controlled trials (the 4S (Scandinavian simvastatin survival study)3 and WOSCOPS (the west of Scotland coronary prevention study)4). Guidance issued by the European Society of Cardiology advised treating those of the population with a risk of coronary heart disease of ≥=2% a year,5 and others have advocated treating those with a risk of ≥=1.5%. The annual cost to the NHS of treating all people with coronary heart disease and those with a ≥=1.5% risk of developing symptoms would be of the order of £3.5bn. Most statins will be prescribed by general practitioners, and it was for them that authoritative but concise interim advice was primarily needed. The Standing Medical Advisory Committee convened a representative working party, including health economists. Its views were unanimous and, as the statement makes clear, were based on careful consideration of the “clinical effectiveness, cost effectiveness and long term safety of statins.” The current information on statins is better than that available for most new drugs, although data on comparative cost effectiveness are incomplete. The priority for the NHS is to treat those who can derive appreciable benefit from statins but to obviate inappropriate prescribing. It was not assumed that all people in the three priority groups would necessarily be treated with a statin, but if the statement were followed then the resources … Correspondence to Dr T M Reynolds, Clinical Chemistry Department, Queen's Hospital, Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire DE13 0RB