tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Choosing the Best Antiseizure Medication—Can Artificial Intelligence Help?
Authors: Sharon Chiang, Vikram R. Rao
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Misconceptions About Youth Weight Lifting
Authors: M. Alison Brooks, Nicholas M. Edwards, Avery D. Faigenbaum
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Accuracy of a Text Intervention to Minimize the Burden of Cancer Care Among Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Erin M. Bange, Kerry Coughlin, Wenrui Li, Elizabeth Moriarty, Timothy J. Brown, Lawrence N. Shulman, Ronac Mamtani
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

This cross-sectional study examines whether patients with cancer without symptoms of immune checkpoint inhibitor toxic effects can be accurately identified using a text message–based triage instrument and safely proceed to treatment.
Acute Cholecystitis Associated With the Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Reported to the US Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Daniel Woronow, Christine Chamberlain, Ali Niak, Mark Avigan, Monika Houstoun, Cindy Kortepeter
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

This case series identifies cases reported in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System of acute cholecystitis associated with use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists that did not have gallbladder disease warnings in their labeling.
Administration of Anti–SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibodies After US Food and Drug Administration Deauthorization
Authors: Timothy S. Anderson, Ashley O’Donoghue, Oren Mechanic, Tenzin Dechen, Jennifer Stevens
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

This cross-sectional study uses time-series data to evaluate the administration of bamlanivimab-etesevimab and casirivimab-imdevimab monoclonal antibody treatments for SARS-CoV-2 infection after the US Food and Drug Administration deauthorized their use in early 2022.
Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Model for Predicting Treatment Response in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy
Authors: Haris Hakeem, Wei Feng, Zhibin Chen, Jiun Choong, Martin J. Brodie, Si-Lei Fong, Kheng-Seang Lim, Junhong Wu, Xuefeng Wang, Nicholas Lawn, Guanzhong Ni, Xiang Gao, Mijuan Luo, Ziyi Chen, Zongyuan Ge, Patrick Kwan
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2022)

Selection of antiseizure medications (ASMs) for epilepsy remains largely a trial-and-error approach. Under this approach, many patients have to endure sequential trials of ineffective treatments until the "right drugs" are prescribed.To develop and validate a deep learning model using readily available clinical information to predict treatment success with the first ASM for individual patients.This cohort study developed and validated a prognostic model. Patients were treated between 1982 and 2020. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 1 year or until failure of the first ASM. A total of 2404 adults with epilepsy newly treated at specialist clinics in Scotland, Malaysia, Australia, and China between 1982 and 2020 were considered for inclusion, of whom 606 (25.2%) were excluded from the final cohort because of missing information in 1 or more variables.One of 7 antiseizure medications.With the use of the transformer model architecture on 16 clinical factors and ASM information, this cohort study first pooled all cohorts for model training and testing. The model was trained again using the largest cohort and externally validated on the other 4 cohorts. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), weighted balanced accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the model were all assessed for predicting treatment success based on the optimal probability cutoff. Treatment success was defined as complete seizure freedom for the first year of treatment while taking the first ASM. Performance of the transformer model was compared with other machine learning models.The final pooled cohort included 1798 adults (54.5% female; median age, 34 years [IQR, 24-50 years]). The transformer model that was trained using the pooled cohort had an AUROC of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.63-0.67) and a weighted balanced accuracy of 0.62 (95% CI, 0.60-0.64) on the test set. The model that was trained using the largest cohort only had AUROCs ranging from 0.52 to 0.60 and a weighted balanced accuracy ranging from 0.51 to 0.62 in the external validation cohorts. Number of pretreatment seizures, presence of psychiatric disorders, electroencephalography, and brain imaging findings were the most important clinical variables for predicted outcomes in both models. The transformer model that was developed using the pooled cohort outperformed 2 of the 5 other models tested in terms of AUROC.In this cohort study, a deep learning model showed the feasibility of personalized prediction of response to ASMs based on clinical information. With improvement of performance, such as by incorporating genetic and imaging data, this model may potentially assist clinicians in selecting the right drug at the first trial.
Redistribution of Perfusion by Prone Positioning Improves Shunt in a Patient with Unilateral Lung Injury
Authors: Douglas Slobod, Elena Spinelli, Gaetano Scaramuzzo, Alfredo Lissoni, Giacomo Grasselli, Tommaso Mauri
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

"Redistribution of Perfusion by Prone Positioning Improves Shunt in a Patient with Unilateral Lung Injury." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 206(12), pp. e76–e78
Association of the COVID-19 Pandemic With Medical School Diversity Pathway Programs
Authors: Sonal Batra, Julie Orban, Shalini Raichur, Nicholas Jennings, Charmi Trivedi, Nehal Naik, Colleen Bogucki, Yolanda Haywood
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Medical school pathway programs are a strategy to increase the diversity of the physician workforce. The COVID-19 pandemic may have negatively affected pathway programs, further challenging efforts to increase diversity. <h3>Objectives</h3> To describe the changes in medical school pathway programs during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify methods for sustaining and supporting these programs during and after the pandemic. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A survey study using an exploratory sequential mixed-method design was conducted from January 4 to August 3, 2021. Semistructured interviews with a sample of medical school pathway program administrators and academic leaders of US allopathic and osteopathic medical school diversity pathway programs identified themes and patterns of change to pathway programs since the onset of the pandemic compared with previous years. These themes were used to develop a survey that was sent to medical schools to assess the association between COVID-19 and their programs. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The association between the COVID-19 pandemic and medical school diversity pathway programs was explored using interview and survey data assessing respondent characteristics; changes in the scope, size, and funding of programs in 2020 compared with previous years; and respondents' perceptions of future needs for pathway programs. <h3>Results</h3> Twelve program administrators and academic leaders were interviewed. Interviews revealed challenges and benefits of virtual programming in engaging and reaching students and speakers, the value of community partnerships to sustaining programming, and the importance of psychosocial support to mediating students' mental health challenges due to COVID-19 and remote learning. Of 198 schools surveyed in the quantitative phase, 112 responded (56.6%), 106 (94.6%) of which had been sponsoring or assisting with pathway programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Forty-two respondents (39.6%) had reduced pathway programs since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the previous year. Program cancellations were more likely to be noted in elementary school–aged (50.0% decrease in programming;<i>P</i> = .01) and middle school–aged (32.6%;<i>P</i> = .02) students compared with older groups. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this survey study, schools indicated that pathway programs were disrupted by COVID-19. Ongoing and flexible supports may be needed to sustain these programs. These findings are timely given recent investments in equity-focused programs to diversify the health workforce.
Hospital and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Nano-Preterm Infants Receiving Invasive vs Noninvasive Ventilation at Birth
Authors: Vivek V. Shukla, J. Paige Souder, Grant Imbrock, Muhan Hu, A. K. M. Fazlur Rahman, Colm P. Travers, Namasivayam Ambalavanan, Waldemar A. Carlo, Charitharth Vivek Lal
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Infants with gestational age between 22 0/7 and 23 6/7 weeks (referred to as nano-preterm infants) are at very high risk of adverse outcomes. Noninvasive respiratory support at birth improves outcomes in infants born at 24 0/7 to 27 6/7 weeks' gestational age. Evidence is limited on whether similar benefits of non-invasive respiratory support at birth extend to nano-preterm infants.To evaluate the hypothesis that intubation at 10 minutes or earlier after birth is associated with a higher incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death by 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA) in nano-preterm infants.This observational cohort study included all nano-preterm infants at a level IV neonatal intensive care unit who were delivered from January 1, 2014, to June 30, 2021. Infants receiving palliative or comfort care at birth were excluded.Infants were grouped based on first intubation attempt timing after birth (>10 minutes after birth and ≤10 minutes as noninvasive and invasive respiratory support at birth groups, respectively).The primary outcome was the composite outcome of BPD (physiological definition) or death by 36 weeks' PMA.All 230 consecutively born, eligible nano-preterm infants were included, of whom 88 (median [IQR] gestational age, 23.6 [23.4-23.7] weeks; 45 [51.1%] female; 54 [62.1%] Black) were in the noninvasive respiratory support at birth group and 142 (median [IQR] gestational age, 23.0 [22.4-23.3] weeks; 71 [50.0%] female; 94 [66.2%] Black) were in the invasive respiratory support at birth group. The incidence of BPD or death by 36 weeks' PMA did not differ between the noninvasive and invasive respiratory support groups (83 of 88 [94.3%] in the noninvasive group vs 129 of 142 [90.9%] in the invasive group; adjusted odds ratio, 2.09; 95% CI, 0.60-7.25; P = .24). Severe intraventricular hemorrhage or death by 36 weeks' PMA was lower in the invasive respiratory support at birth group (adjusted odds ratio, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.07-4.51; P = .03).This cohort study's findings suggest that noninvasive respiratory support in the first 10 minutes after birth is feasible but is not associated with a decrease in the risk of BPD or death compared with intubation and early surfactant delivery in nano-preterm infants.
Remdesivir in Patients With Severe Kidney Dysfunction
Authors: Matthew Cheng, Rob Fowler, Srinivas Murthy, Ruxandra Pinto, Nancy L. Sheehan, Alice Tseng
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

in the need for invasive mechanical ventilation or new dialysis, or mortality.This study is limited by small numbers and baseline imbalance between groups.These findings suggest that remdesivir can be safely administered in patients with kidney dysfunction, balancing possible risks and benefits.The need for assessing kidney function in the absence of clinical suspicion before and during outpatient administration of remdesivir can be questioned.
PIDDosome-SCAP crosstalk controls high-fructose-diet-dependent transition from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis
Authors: Ju Youn Kim, Lily Q. Wang, Valentina C. Sladky, Tae Gyu Oh, Junlai Liu, Kaitlyn Trinh, Felix Eichin, Michael Downes, Mojgan Hosseini, Etienne D. Jacotot, Ronald M. Evans, Andreas Villunger, Michael Karin
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2022)
A locus coeruleus-dorsal CA1 dopaminergic circuit modulates memory linking
Authors: Ananya Chowdhury, Alessandro Luchetti, Giselle Fernandes, Daniel Almeida Filho, George Kastellakis, Alexandra Tzilivaki, Erica M. Ramirez, Mary Y. Tran, Panayiota Poirazi, Alcino J. Silva
Journal: Neuron (2022)
Associations of Heavy Metals with Activities of Daily Living Disability: An Epigenome-Wide View of DNA Methylation and Mediation Analysis
Authors: Lili Xiao, Hong Cheng, Haiqing Cai, Yue Wei, Gaohui Zan, Xiuming Feng, Chaoqun Liu, Longman Li, Lulu Huang, Fei Wang, Xing Chen, Yunfeng Zou, Xiaobo Yang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2022)

Background: Exposure to heavy metals has been reported to be associated with multiple diseases. However, direct associations and potential mechanisms of heavy metals with physical disability remain unclear. Objectives: We aimed to quantify associations of heavy metals with physical disability and further explore the potential mechanisms of DNA methylation on the genome scale. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 4,391 older adults was conducted and activities of daily living (ADL) disability were identified using a 14-item scale questionnaire including basic and instrumental activities to assess the presence of disability (yes or no) rated on a scale of dependence. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated to quantify associations between heavy metals and ADL disability prevalence using multivariate logistic regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models. Whole blood–derived DNA methylation was measured using the HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip array. An ADL disability-related epigenome-wide DNA methylation association study (EWAS) was performed among 212 sex-matched ADL disability cases and controls, and mediation analysis was further applied to explore potential mediators of DNA methylation. Results: Each 1-standard deviation (SD) higher difference in log10-transformed manganese, copper, arsenic, and cadmium level was significantly associated with a 14% (95% CI: 1.05, 1.24), 16% (95% CI:1.07, 1.26), 22% (95% CI:1.13, 1.33), and 15% (95% CI:1.06, 1.26) higher odds of ADL disability, which remained significant in the multiple-metal and BKMR models. A total of 85 differential DNA methylation sites were identified to be associated with ADL disability prevalence, among which methylation level at cg220000984 and cg23012519 (annotated to IRGM and PKP3) mediated 31.0% and 31.2% of manganese-associated ADL disability prevalence, cg06723863 (annotated to ESRP2) mediated 32.4% of copper-associated ADL disability prevalence, cg24433124 (nearest to IER3) mediated 15.8% of arsenic-associated ADL disability prevalence, and cg07905190 and cg17485717 (annotated to FREM1 and TCP11L1) mediated 21.5% and 30.5% of cadmium-associated ADL disability prevalence (all p<0.05). Discussion: Our findings suggested that heavy metals contributed to higher prevalence of ADL disability and that locus-specific DNA methylation are partial mediators, providing potential biomarkers for further cellular mechanism studies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10602
Peripheral Blood Telomere Attrition in Persons at Risk for Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Margaret L. Salisbury, Cheryl R. Markin, Pingsheng Wu, Joy D. Cogan, Daphne B. Mitchell, Qi Liu, James E. Loyd, Lisa H. Lancaster, Jonathan A. Kropski, Timothy S. Blackwell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

"Peripheral Blood Telomere Attrition in Persons at Risk for Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp. –
Biohybrid Response Microparticles Decorated with Trained‐MSCs for Acute Liver Failure Recovery
Authors: Jinglin Wang, Danqing Huang, Hang Yu, Haozhen Ren, Luoran Shang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Abstract Microcarrier‐based mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) delivery have attracted increasing attention in acute liver failure (ALF) therapy, while there is still room for improvement in terms of improving cell loading efficiency, enhancing anti‐inflammatory features, and controlling cell release. Here, novel lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐composited magnetic‐thermal responsive inverse opal particles (MIOPs) are presented for the delivery of MSCs. The MIOPs are composed of a chitosan inverse opal skeleton filled with a hydrogel containing LPS, poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide), and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. Benefitting from the biocompatible chitosan component and the huge specific surface area, the resultant MIOPs can capture MSCs in a nondestructive way. Furthermore, LPS can be released from the MIOPs under the stimulation of an alternating magnetic field, by which the MSCs are activated to gain the feature of “trained immunity.” Moreover, this process can be monitored in real‐time by the structural color change of the MIOPs. With that, the MSCs‐laden MIOPs are employed in rats with ALF, and they exhibit obvious anti‐inflammatory and therapeutic efficacy superior to untrained MSCs. These performances make the MIOPs a distinctive cell delivery platform for clinical tissue recovery applications.
Intestinal phages interact with bacteria and are involved in human diseases
Authors: Han Shuwen, Ding Kefeng
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

Phages are the most abundant and diverse biological entities on Earth and exert specific effects on bacterial hosts. The coexistence of phages and bacteria in the intestinal tract is dynamic and interdependent. Phages are involved in maintaining the stability and composition of the bacterial community, and an imbalance in phages and bacteria in the intestinal tract can cause diseases. This review elucidates interactions between phages and bacteria in the human intestinal tract and their roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases. Understanding the relationship among phages, bacteria and host diseases is conducive to promoting the application of phages in the treatment of human diseases.List of abbreviations EMBL-EBI The European Bioinformatics Institute; E. coli Escherichia coli; E. faecalis Enterobacter faecalis; B. fragilis Bacteroides fragilis; B. vulgatus Bacteroides vulgatus; SaPIs Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity islands; ARGs Antibiotic resistance genes; STEC Shiga toxigenic E. coli; Stx Shiga toxin; BLAST Basic Local Alignment Search Tool; TSST-1 Toxic shock toxin 1; RBPs Receptor-binding proteins; LPS lipopolysaccharide; OMVs Outer membrane vesicles; PT Phosphorothioate; BREX Bacteriophage exclusion; OCR Overcome classical restriction; Pgl Phage growth limitation; DISARM Defense island system associated with restrictionmodification; R-M system Restriction-modification system; BREX system Bacteriophage exclusion system; CRISPR Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; Cas CRISPR-associated; PAMs Prospacer adjacent motifs; crRNA CRISPR RNA; SIE; OMPs; Superinfection exclusion; Outer membrane proteins; Abi Abortive infection; TA Toxin-antitoxin; TLR Toll-like receptor; APCs Antigen-presenting cells; DSS Dextran sulfate sodium; IELs Intraepithelial lymphocytes; FMT Fecal microbiota transfer; IFN-γ Interferon-gamma; IBD Inflammatory bowel disease; AgNPs Silver nanoparticles; MDSC Myeloid-derived suppressor cell; CRC Colorectal cancer; VLPs Virus-like particles; TMP Tape measure protein; PSMB4 Proteasome subunit beta type-4; ALD Alcohol-related liver disease; GVHD Graft-versus-host disease; ROS Reactive oxygen species; RA Rheumatoid arthritis; CCP Cyclic citrullinated protein; AMGs Accessory metabolic genes; T1DM Type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM Type 2 diabetes mellitus; SCFAs Short-chain fatty acids; GLP-1 Glucagon-like peptide-1; A. baumannii Acinetobacter baumannii; CpG Deoxycytidylinate-phosphodeoxyguanosine; PEG Polyethylene glycol; MetS Metabolic syndrome; OprM Outer membrane porin M.
Long-term immunological outcomes of early subclinical inflammation on surveillance kidney allograft biopsies
Authors: Rajil B. Mehta, Ivy Melgarejo, Vignesh Viswanathan, Xingyu Zhang, Matthew Pittappilly, Parmjeet Randhawa, Chethan Puttarajappa, Puneet Sood, Christine Wu, Akhil Sharma, Michele Molinari, Sundaram Hariharan
Journal: Kidney International (2022)
Oral drug delivery strategies for development of poorly water soluble drugs in paediatric patient population
Authors: Smita Salunke, Fiona O'Brien, David Cheng Thiam Tan, David Harris, Marie-Christine Math, Tina Ariën, Sandra Klein, Carsten Timpe
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2022)

Selecting the appropriate formulation and solubility-enabling technology for poorly water soluble drugs is an essential element in the development of formulations for paediatric patients. Different methodologies and structured strategies are available to select a suitable approach and guide formulation scientists for development of adult formulations. However, there is paucity of available literature for selection of technology and overcoming the challenges in paediatric formulation development. The need for flexible dosing, and the limited knowledge of the safety of many formulation excipients in paediatric subjects, impose significant constraints and in some instances require adaptation of the approaches taken to formulating these drugs for the adult population. Selection of the best drug delivery system for paediatrics requires an efficient, systematic approach that considers a drug's physical and chemical properties and the targeted patient population's requirements. This review is a step towards development of a strategy for the design of solubility enhancing paediatric formulations of highly insoluble drugs. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of different approaches and strategies to consider in order to assist development of paediatric formulation for poorly water-soluble drugs with the provision of examples of some marketed products. In addition, it provides recommendations to overcome the range of challenges posed by these strategies and adaptations of the adult approach/product presentation required to enable paediatric drug development and administration.