tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Analysis of avian influenza A (H3N8) viruses in poultry and their zoonotic potential, China, September 2021 to May 2022
Authors: Pengfei Cui, Jianzhong Shi, Cheng Yan, Congcong Wang, Yuancheng Zhang, Yaping Zhang, Xin Xing, Yuan Chen, Jie Zhang, Liling Liu, Xianying Zeng, Guobin Tian, Chengjun Li, Yasuo Suzuki, Guohua Deng, Hualan Chen
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

Background Two human cases of avian influenza A (H3N8) virus infection were reported in China in 2022. Aim To characterise H3N8 viruses circulating in China in September 2021−May 2022. Methods We sampled poultry and poultry-related environments in 25 Chinese provinces. After isolating H3N8 viruses, whole genome sequences were obtained for molecular and phylogenetic analyses. The specificity of H3N8 viruses towards human or avian receptors was assessed in vitro. Their ability to replicate in chicken and mice, and to transmit between guinea pigs was also investigated. Results In total, 98 H3N8 avian influenza virus isolates were retrieved from 38,639 samples; genetic analysis of 31 representative isolates revealed 17 genotypes. Viruses belonging to 10 of these genotypes had six internal genes originating from influenza A (H9N2) viruses. These reassorted viruses could be found in live poultry markets and comprised the strains responsible for the two human infections. A subset of nine H3N8 viruses (including six reassorted) that replicated efficiently in mice bound to both avian-type and human-type receptors in vitro. Three reassorted viruses were shed by chickens for up to 9 days, replicating efficiently in their upper respiratory tract. Five reassorted viruses tested on guinea pigs were transmissible among these by respiratory droplets. Conclusion Avian H3N8 viruses with H9N2 virus internal genes, causing two human infections, occurred in live poultry markets in China. The low pathogenicity of H3N8 viruses in poultry allows their continuous circulation with potential for reassortment. Careful monitoring of spill-over infections in humans is important to strengthen early-warning systems and maintain influenza pandemic preparedness.
Effects of Synchronizing Foot Strike and Cardiac Phase on Exercise Hemodynamics in Patients With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: A Within-Subjects Pilot Study to Fine-Tune Cardio-Locomotor Coupling for Heart Failure
Authors: Denis J. Wakeham, Erika Ivey, Sophie A. Saland, Joshua S. Lewis, Dean Palmer, Margot Morris, Jeffery L. Bleich, Peter G. Weyand, Tiffany L. Brazile, Christopher M. Hearon, Satyam Sarma, James P. MacNamara, Michinari Hieda, Benjamin D. Levine
Journal: Circulation (2023)

Despite advances in medical and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), individuals with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) have persistent symptoms, including exercise intolerance. Optimizing cardio-locomotor coupling may increase stroke volume and skeletal muscle perfusion as previously shown in healthy runners. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that exercise stroke volume and cardiac output would be higher during fixed-paced walking when steps were synchronized with the diastolic compared with systolic portion of the cardiac cycle in patients with CHF and CRT.
Correction: Tumor Dynamic Model-Based Decision Support for Phase Ib/II Combination Studies: A Retrospective Assessment Based on Resampling of the Phase III Study IMpower150
Authors: René Bruno, Mathilde Marchand, Kenta Yoshida, Phyllis Chan, Haocheng Li, Wei Zou, Francois Mercier, Pascal Chanu, Benjamin Wu, Anthony Lee, Chunze Li, Jin Y. Jin, Michael L. Maitland, Martin Reck, Mark A. Socinski
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

In the original version of this article (1), the authors stated that they calculated geometric mean ratios (GMR) in the text, tables, figures, and supplementary data; however, the published values were the ratios of medians (MedR). The labeling errors have been corrected in the latest online HTML and PDF versions of the article. The authors regret the errors.
Modeling the Progression of Placental Transport from Early‐ to Late‐Stage Pregnancy by Tuning Trophoblast Differentiation and Vascularization
Authors: Sonya Kouthouridis, Alexander Sotra, Zaim Khan, Justin Alvarado, Sandeep Raha, Boyang Zhang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract The early‐stage placental barrier is characterized by a lack of fetal circulation and by a thick trophoblastic barrier, whereas the later‐stage placenta consists of vascularized chorionic villi encased in a thin, differentiated trophoblast layer, ideal for nutrient transport. In this work, predictive models of early‐ and late‐stage placental transport are created using blastocyst‐derived placental stem cells (PSCs) by modulating PSC differentiation and model vascularization. PSC differentiation results in a thinner, fused trophoblast layer, as well as an increase in human chorionic gonadotropin secretion, barrier permeability, and secretion of certain inflammatory cytokines, which are consistent with in vivo findings. Further, gene expression confirms this shift toward a differentiated trophoblast subtype. Vascularization results in a molecule type‐ and size‐dependent change in dextran and insulin permeability. These results demonstrate that trophoblast differentiation and vascularization have critical effects on placental barrier permeability and that this model can be used as a predictive measure to assess fetal toxicity of xenobiotic substances at different stages of pregnancy.
Sex-dependent Prognosis of Patients with Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Minggui Pan, Maggie Yuxi Zhou, Chen Jiang, Zheyang Zhang, Nam Q. Bui, Jeffrey Bien, Amanda Siy, Ninah Achacoso, Aleyda V. Solorzano, Pamela Tse, Elaine Chung, Sachdev Thomas, Laurel A. Habel, Kristen N. Ganjoo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

To examine whether overall survival (OS) differs for male and female patients with advanced soft-tissue sarcoma (STS).
Local resection for solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas shows improved postoperative gastrointestinal function and reduced mental stress: a multiquestionnaire survey from a large cohort
Authors: Yuze Hua, Xia Hong, Menghua Dai, Jiayi Li, Sen Yang, Junchao Guo, Weibin Wang, Qiang Xu, Xianlin Han, Mengyi Wang, Nan Huang, Huaijin Zheng, Jorg Kleeff, Qiaofei Liu, Wenming Wu, Taiping Zhang, Quan Liao, Yupei Zhao
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas (SPN) is a rare, low-grade malignant pancreatic tumor with a highly favorable prognosis. Most SPN patients are young and middle-aged women. The main controversial topic for SPN is local resection (LR) versus radical resection (RR). Theoretically, local resection could lead to better gastrointestinal function (GIF) and less mental stress. However, no data is available to support this hypothesis. Methods: All SPN patients undergoing surgical treatment in XXXXXXXX Hospital from 2001 to 2021 were included in the study. A cross-sectional online multi-questionnaire survey containing 110 questions was sent to them (XXXXXXX). This online multi-questionnaire survey focused on GIF and mental stress and consisted of eight questionnaires. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify independent factors impacting GIF and mental stress. Results: A total of 183 cases provided valid results. Among them, 46 patients (25.1%) underwent LR, and 137 (74.9%) underwent RR. Ninety-four cases (51.4%) underwent minimally invasive surgery (MIS), while 89 (48.6%) underwent open surgery. The average GSRS score of the patients was 1.9±0.7, indicating that most suffered from mild gastrointestinal dysfunction. The scores of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in 16 patients (8.7%) and 27 (14.8%) patients, respectively, were beyond 10.0, which indicated clinical depression and anxiety. Additionally, 19 (10.4%) patients reported poor ability to work, and 31(16.9%) patients had significant body image concerns. Compared to other clinicopathological characteristics, LR (LR vs. RR: PHQ-9 score, P =0.018; WAI average score, P =0.010; EORTC-QLQ C30, nine sub-domains, P &lt;0.05; GSRS average score, P = 0.006) and MIS (MIS vs. open surgery: EORTC-QLQ C30, three sub-domains, P &lt;0.05; GSRS average score, P =0.006) were the most significant factors predicting improved GIF and reduced mental stress. Conclusions: This study systematically presents postoperative GIF and mental stress of SPN patients using validated multi-questionnaires for the first time. It provides solid evidence that LR and MIS can improve GIF and reduce mental stress after surgery for SPN patients, which could be helpful for the surgeons to make more personalized surgical plans for their patients.
Diagnostic test accuracy of preoperative nutritional screening tools in adults for malnutrition: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Helen Hoi Ting Cheung, Gavin Matthew Joynt, Anna Lee
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: Good nutritional screening tests can triage malnourished patients for further assessment and management by dietitians before surgery to reduce the risk of postoperative complications. We assessed the diagnostic test accuracy of common nutritional screening tools for preoperative malnutrition in adults undergoing surgery and determined which test had the highest accuracy. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science were searched for relevant titles with no language restriction from inception till January 1, 2023. Studies reporting on the diagnostic test accuracy of preoperative malnutrition in adults using one or more of the following index nutritional screening tools were included: Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), short-form Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF), Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), Nutrition Risk Screening Tool 2002 (NRS-2002), and Preoperative Nutrition Screening (PONS). The reference standard was the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) before surgery. Random-effects bivariate binomial model meta-analyses, meta-regressions and a network meta-analysis were used to estimate the pooled and relative sensitivities and specificities. Results: Of 16 included studies (5695 participants with 11,957 index and 11,957 SGA tests), all were conducted after hospital admission before surgery. Eleven studies (n=3,896) were at high risk of bias using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool due to a lack of blinded assessments. MUST had the highest overall test accuracy performance (sensitivity 86%, 95% CI 75% to 93%; specificity 89%, 95% CI 83% to 93%). Network meta-analysis showed NRI had similar relative sensitivity (0.93, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.13) but lower relative specificity (0.75, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.92) than MUST. Conclusions: Of all easy-to-use tests applicable at the bedside, MUST had the highest test accuracy performance for screening preoperative malnutrition. However its predictive accuracy is likely insufficient to justify the application of nutritional optimization interventions without additional assessments.
Modifying Trial Design May Be Key to Full Sotorasib Approval
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2023)

Abstract Due to design flaws and disappointing progression-free survival data in CodeBreaK 200, a confirmatory phase III trial for the KRASG12C inhibitor sotorasib, the drug's full approval as a second-line option for metastatic KRASG12C non–small cell lung cancer may be delayed and will likely hinge on further studies.
Impact of antibiotic-coated sutures on surgical site infections: a second-order meta-analysis
Authors: Adeiza S. Suleiman, Mortada Abbass, Maqsud Hossain, Priyanka Choudhary, Prosun Bhattacharya, Md. Aminul Islam
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) pose a global challenge, impacting patients and healthcare expenditures. This second-order meta-analysis endeavors to assess the efficacy of antibiotic sutures in averting SSIs by amalgamating data from various meta-studies. Materials and Methods This research adhered to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The quality and comprehensiveness of the encompassed meta-analyses were assessed through the QUOROM checklist and AMSTAR techniques. The primary study overlap was evaluated via measures such as pairwise intersection heat maps, Corrected Covered Area (CCA), and the citation matrix of evidence. The statistical power at the study level was determined utilizing the meta-meta package. Data synthesis employed random and fixed effects models at a 95% confidence interval. A meta-regression analysis was conducted to explore potential correlations between the CDC classification of surgical site infections, trial types, and the observed effect sizes in the studies. Results This investigation revealed a significant reduction in SSI rates due to antimicrobial-coated sutures, evidenced by a relative risk (RR) of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.59 to 0.76), with a prediction interval of 0.38 to 1.19. The analysis encompassed 18 studies with 22 meta-analyses, demonstrating a median QUOROM score of 13.6 out of 18 and an AMSTAR score of 9.1 out of 11. The presence of moderate heterogeneity was noted (Q=106.611, I square=54.038%), with non-randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exhibiting an RR of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.39 to 0.80), and RCTs displaying an RR of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.63 to 0.81). Subgroup analysis unveiled variable RR reductions for specific surgical procedures. Conclusion Antimicrobial-coated sutures offer a promising approach to mitigating surgical site infection risk (SSIs). However, their efficacy is optimally realized when employed in conjunction with other robust practices.
Obesity and Risk of Recurrence in Patients With Breast Cancer Treated With Aromatase Inhibitors
Authors: Sixten Harborg, Deirdre Cronin-Fenton, Maj-Britt Raaby Jensen, Thomas P. Ahern, Marianne Ewertz, Signe Borgquist
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Clinical studies confirm that obesity is a risk factor for recurrence in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer. Evidence suggests that women with obesity do not obtain similar protection from aromatase inhibitors as women with healthy weight.To examine the associations of body mass index (BMI) with recurrence.The cohort study was conducted using data from the Danish Breast Cancer Group and enrolled postmenopausal women diagnosed with stage I to III HR+ breast cancer from 1998 through 2016. Data analysis was conducted from November 2022 to April 2023.BMI was classified as (1) healthy weight (18.5-24.9), (2) overweight (25.0-29.9), (3) obesity (30.0-34.9), and (4) severe obesity (≥35.0) using the World Health Organization guidelines. Healthy weight was considered the reference group in statistical analyses.Follow-up began 6 months after breast cancer surgery and continued until the first event of recurrence, contralateral breast cancer, new primary malignant neoplasm, death, emigration, end of clinical follow-up at 10 years, or September 25, 2018. Cox regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted hazard ratios with 95% CIs, adjusting for patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics.A total of 13 230 patients (median [IQR] age at diagnosis, 64.4 [58.6-70.2] years) with information on BMI were enrolled. There were 1587 recurrences with a median (IQR) potential estimated follow-up of 6.2 (3.6-8.5) years. Multivariable analyses revealed increased recurrence hazards associated with obesity (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.01-1.37]) and severe obesity (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.08-1.62]) vs patients with healthy weight. Patients with overweight had a greater risk, but the results were not statistically significant (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.97-1.24]).In this study, obesity was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer recurrence among postmenopausal patients with HR+ early-stage breast cancer treated with aromatase inhibitors. Physicians should be aware of the significance of obesity on breast cancer outcomes to secure optimal treatment benefit in all patients.
A commentary on ‘Radiographic views for hand fractures – call for three-view national UK guidelines – a quality improvement study’
Authors: Si-Un Frank Chiu, Shih-Chieh Yang, Chong-Chi Chiu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

aDepartment of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA bDepartment of Economics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA cDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan dSchool of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan eDepartment of General Surgery, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan fDepartment of Medical Education and Research, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: No.21, Yi-Da Road, Jiao-Su Village, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan, Tel: 886-76150022, Fax: 886-76150940. E-mail address: [email protected] (C-C. Chiu). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha suppresses <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> -induced gastric injury via attenuation of both <i>cag</i> -mediated microbial virulence and proinflammatory host responses
Authors: Jennifer M. Noto, M. Blanca Piazuelo, Judith Romero-Gallo, Alberto G. Delgado, Giovanni Suarez, Konstantina Akritidou, Miguel Girod Hoffman, Juan Carlos Roa, Cormac T. Taylor, Richard M. Peek
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation is the strongest known risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) is a key transcriptional regulator of immunity and carcinogenesis. To examine the role of this mediator within the context of H. pylori-induced injury, we first demonstrated that HIF-1α levels were significantly increased in parallel with the severity of gastric lesions in humans. In interventional studies targeting HIF-1α, H. pylori-infected mice were treated ± dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor that stabilizes HIF-1α. H. pylori significantly increased proinflammatory chemokines/cytokines and inflammation in vehicle-treated mice; however, this was significantly attenuated in DMOG-treated mice. DMOG treatment also significantly decreased function of the H. pylori type IV secretion system (T4SS) in vivo and significantly reduced T4SS-mediated NF-κB activation and IL-8 induction in vitro. These results suggest that prolyl hydroxylase inhibition protects against H. pylori-mediated pathologic responses, and is mediated, in part, via attenuation of H. pylori cag-mediated virulence and suppression of host proinflammatory responses.
Epidemiology of common infectious diseases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bavaria, Germany, 2016 to 2021: an analysis of routine surveillance data
Authors: Sarah van de Berg, Tanja Charles, Achim Dörre, Katharina Katz, Stefanie Böhm
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

BackgroundUnprecedented non-pharmaceutical interventions to control the COVID-19 pandemic also had an effect on other infectious diseases.AimWe aimed to determine their impact on transmission and diagnosis of notifiable diseases other than COVID-19 in Bavaria, Germany, in 2020 and 2021.MethodsWe compared weekly cases of 15 notifiable infectious diseases recorded in Bavaria between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2021 in time series analyses, median age and time-to-diagnosis using Wilcoxon rank sum test and hospitalisation rates using univariable logistic regression during three time periods: pre-pandemic (weeks 1 2016-9 2020), pandemic years 1 (weeks 10-52 2020) and 2 (2021).ResultsWeekly case numbers decreased in pandemic year 1 for all diseases assessed except influenza, Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis; markedly for norovirus gastroenteritis (IRR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.12-0.20) and pertussis (IRR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.18-0.26). In pandemic year 2, influenza (IRR = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.02-0.09) and pertussis (IRR = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.09-0.14) decreased markedly, but also chickenpox, dengue fever,
Comparative study on clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of chronic subdural hematomas treated by middle meningeal artery embolization and conventional treatment: a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Xin Tong, Xiaopeng Xue, Aihua Liu, Peng Qi
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

The authors compared the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) and conventional treatment for chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH).
Dissolving Fusion Oncoprotein Condensates to Reverse Aberrant Gene Expression
Authors: Hazheen K. Shirnekhi, Bappaditya Chandra, Richard W. Kriwacki
Journal: Cancer Research (2023)

In a recent study, Wang and colleagues reported that a significant fraction of cancer-associated fusion proteins display a common structural topology, including an N-terminal phase separation-prone region (PS) from one parent protein and a C-terminal DNA-binding domain (DBD) from the other. This is reminiscent of the structural topology of transcription factors and led to the hypothesis that the PS-DBD fusions form aberrant transcriptional condensates through phase separation, which was supported through transcriptomic data analysis and cellular condensate assays. The authors developed a high-throughput screen based upon time-lapse, high-content imaging to identify 114 compounds that dissolved condensates formed by a chromatin-dissociated mutant of FUS::ERG (FUS::ERGmut). One of these compounds, LY2835219, was shown to dissolve FUS::ERGmut condensates by promoting lysosome formation and was also active against condensates formed by other PS-DBD fusions, including EWS::FLI1. Finally, condensate dissolution by LY2835219 was shown to reverse aberrant gene expression driven by EWS::FLI1, although how this compound specifically marshals lysosomes to target some PS-DBD fusions and not other condensate-forming proteins remains elusive. This work not only highlights likely roles for aberrant condensate formation in the oncogenic function of PS-DBD fusions, but also provides proof of principle for mechanistically unbiased screening to identify compounds that modulate fusion protein-driven condensates and their oncogenic functions.
Dapagliflozin and Apparent Treatment-Resistant Hypertension in Heart Failure With Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction: The DELIVER Trial
Authors: John W. Ostrominski, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Senthil Selvaraj, Brian L. Claggett, Zi Michael Miao, Akshay S. Desai, Pardeep S. Jhund, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Carolyn S.P. Lam, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Felipe A. Martinez, Rudolf A. de Boer, Adrian F. Hernandez, Sanjiv J. Shah, Magnus Petersson, Anna Maria Langkilde, John J.V. McMurray, Scott D. Solomon
Journal: Circulation (2023)

Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH) is prevalent and associated with adverse outcomes in heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction. Less is known about the potential role of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition in this high-risk population. In this post hoc analysis of the DELIVER trial (Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the Lives of Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure), we evaluated clinical profiles and treatment effects of dapagliflozin among participants with aTRH.