tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Standardized Documentation Is Not the Solution to Reduce Physician Time in the Electronic Health Record—Reply
Authors: Peter E. Gabriel, Aditi P. Singh, Lawrence N. Shulman
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Urgent need to mitigate disparities in federal funding for cancer research
Authors: Shida Haghighat, Chunsu Jiang, Wael El-Rifai, Alexander Zaika, David S Goldberg, Shria Kumar
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2023)

We evaluate National Cancer Institute (NCI) funding distribution to the most common cancers, considering their respective public health burdens, and explore associations between funding and racial and ethnic burden of disease. The NCI's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results, US Cancer Statistics database, and Funding Statistics were used to calculate funding-to-lethality (FTL) scores. Breast and prostate cancer had the first (179.65) and second (128.90) highest FTL scores, and esophagus and stomach cancer ranked 18th (2.12) and 19th (1.78). We evaluated whether there were differences between the FTL and cancer incidence and/or mortality within individual racial and ethnic groups. NCI funding correlated highly with cancers afflicting a higher proportion of non-Hispanic White individuals (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.84; P < .001). Correlation was stronger for incidence than mortality. These data reveal that funding across cancer sites is not concordant with lethality and that cancers with high incidence among racial and ethnic minorities receive lower funding.
Commentary on “prophylactic negative pressure wound therapy for closed laparotomy incision after ventral hernia repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis”
Authors: Jinjun Wang, Yuanyuan Yu, Xianming Huang, Xiguang Chen
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Wang, Jinjun MDa; Yu, Yuanyuan MDb; Huang, Xianming MDc; Chen, Xiguang MDd, Author Information
Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonists Sensitize Neuroblastoma to Therapeutic Differentiation
Authors: Francesca Broso, Pamela Gatto, Viktoryia Sidarovich, Chiara Ambrosini, Veronica De Sanctis, Roberto Bertorelli, Elena Zaccheroni, Benedetta Ricci, Eliana Destefanis, Sara Longhi, Enrico Sebastiani, Toma Tebaldi, Valentina Adami, Alessandro Quattrone
Journal: Cancer Research (2023)

Neuroblastoma (NB) is an aggressive childhood tumor, with high-risk cases having a 5-year overall survival probability of approximately 50%. The multimodal therapeutic approach for NB includes treatment with the retinoid isotretinoin (13-cis retinoic acid; 13cRA), which is used in the post-consolidation phase as an antiproliferation and prodifferentiation agent to minimize residual disease and prevent relapse. Through small-molecule screening, we identified isorhamnetin (ISR) as a synergistic compound with 13cRA in inhibiting up to 80% of NB cell viability. The synergistic effect was accompanied by a marked increase in the expression of the adrenergic receptor α1B (ADRA1B) gene. Genetic knockout of ADRA1B or its specific blockade using α1/α1B adrenergic antagonists led to selective sensitization of MYCN-amplified NB cells to cell viability reduction and neural differentiation induced by 13cRA, thus mimicking ISR activity. Administration of doxazosin, a safe α1-antagonist used in pediatric patients, in combination with 13cRA in NB xenografted mice exerted marked control of tumor growth, whereas each drug alone was ineffective. Overall, this study identified the α1B adrenergic receptor as a pharmacologic target in NB, supporting the evaluation of adding α1-antagonists to the post-consolidation therapy of NB to more efficiently control residual disease.Targeting α-adrenergic receptors synergizes with isotretinoin to suppress growth and to promote differentiation of neuroblastoma, revealing a combinatorial approach for more effective management of the disease and prevention of relapse.
Association of COVID-19 Government-Instituted Mask Mandates With Incidence of Mask Use Among Children in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Lyndsey M. Hahn, Emilie Manny, Gurvinder Dhaliwal, Joyce Chikuma, Joan Robinson, Wendy Lou, Padmaja Subbarao, Stuart E. Turvey, Elinor Simons, Rhonda C. Bell, Nicole Letourneau, Carmen Charlton, Piush J. Mandhane
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance To help prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, government-instituted nonpharmaceutical interventions (eg, social distancing, mask use, isolating), a provincewide government-instituted mask mandate occurred on December 8, 2020, in Alberta, Canada, although some local jurisdictions implemented an earlier mask mandate. There remains a limited understanding of the association between government-implemented public health measures and individual health behaviors of children. Objective To examine the association between government mask mandates and mask use among children in Alberta, Canada. Design, Setting, and Participants A cohort of children from Alberta, Canada, was recruited to examine longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 serologic factors. Parents were prospectively asked about their child’s mask use in public places every 3 months (5-point Likert scale: never to always) from August 14, 2020, to June 24, 2022. A multivariable logistic generalized estimating equation was used to examine government mandatory masking mandates and child mask use. Child mask use was operationalized into a single composite dichotomous outcome by grouping parents who reported their child often or always wore a mask vs those who reported their child never, rarely, or occasionally wore a mask. Exposures The primary exposure variable was the government masking mandate (began on different dates in 2020). The secondary exposure variable was government private indoor and outdoor gathering restrictions. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was parent report of child mask use. Results A total of 939 children participated (467 female [49.7%]; mean [SD] age, 10.61 [1.6] years). The odds of parents’ report of child mask use (often or always) was 18.3 times higher (95% CI, 5.7-58.6; P &amp;amp;lt; .001; risk ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.5-1.8; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) with the mask mandate on compared with the mask mandate off. There was no significant change in mask use over the course of the mask mandate due to time. In contrast, each day with the mask mandate off was associated with a 1.6% decrease in mask use (odds ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.98-0.99; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Conclusions and Relevance The results of this study suggest that government-mandated mask use and providing the public with up-to-date health information (eg, case counts) is associated with increased parent-reported child mask use, while increasing time without a mask mandate is associated with decreased mask use.
Stimuli‐Responsive Polymer Nanoprobes Intended for Fluorescence‐Guided Surgery of Malignant Head‐and‐Neck Tumors and Metastases
Authors: Robert Pola, Eliška Grosmanová, Michal Pechar, Dominik Horák, Tereza Krunclová, Jan Pankrác, Maxime Henry, Martin Kaňa, Jan Bouček, Luděk Šefc, Jean‐Luc Coll, Tomáš Etrych
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Nano-sized carriers are widely studied as suitable candidates for the advanced delivery of various bioactive molecules such as drugs and diagnostics. Herein, the development of long-circulating stimuli-responsive polymer nanoprobes tailored for the fluorescently-guided surgery of solid tumors is reported. Nanoprobes are designed as long-circulating nanosystems preferably accumulated in solid tumors due to the Enhanced permeability and retention effect, so they act as a tumor microenvironment-sensitive activatable diagnostic. This study designs polymer probes differing in the structure of the spacer between the polymer carrier and Cy7 by employing pH-sensitive spacers, oligopeptide spacers susceptible to cathepsin B-catalyzed enzymatic hydrolysis, and non-degradable control spacer. Increased accumulation of the nanoprobes in the tumor tissue coupled with stimuli-sensitive release behavior and subsequent activation of the fluorescent signal upon dye release facilitated favorable tumor-to-background ratio, a key feature for fluorescence-guided surgery. The probes show excellent diagnostic potential for the surgical removal of intraperitoneal metastasis and orthotopic head and neck tumors with very high efficacy and accuracy. In addition, the combination of macroscopic resection followed by fluorescence-guided surgery using developed probes enable the identification and resection of most of the CAL33 intraperitoneal metastases with total tumor burden reduced to 97.2%.
Myelodysplastic syndromes: 2023 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Guillermo Garcia‐Manero
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2023)

Abstract Disease overview The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a very heterogeneous group of myeloid disorders characterized by peripheral blood cytopenias and increased risk of transformation to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). MDS occurs more frequently in older males and in individuals with prior exposure to cytotoxic therapy. Diagnosis Diagnosis of MDS is based on morphological evidence of dysplasia upon visual examination of a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy. Information obtained from additional studies such as karyotype, flow cytometry, and molecular genetics is usually complementary and may help refine diagnosis. A new WHO classification of MDS was proposed in 2022. Under this classification, MDS is now termed myelodysplastic neoplasms. Risk‐stratification Prognosis of patients with MDS can be calculated using a number of scoring systems. All these scoring systems include analysis of peripheral cytopenias, percentage of blasts in the bone marrow, and cytogenetic characteristics. The most commonly accepted system is the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS‐R). Recently, genomic data has been incorporated resulting in the new IPSS‐M classification. Risk‐adapted therapy Therapy is selected based on risk, transfusion needs, percent of bone marrow blasts, cytogenetic and mutational profiles, comorbidities, potential for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT), and prior exposure to hypomethylating agents (HMA). Goals of therapy are different in lower risk patients than in higher risk and in those with HMA failure. In lower risk, the goal is to decrease transfusion needs and transformation to higher risk disease or AML, as well as to improve survival. In higher risk, the goal is to prolong survival. In 2020, two agents were approved in the US for patients with MDS: luspatercept and oral decitabine/cedazuridine. In addition, currently other available therapies include growth factors, lenalidomide, HMAs, intensive chemotherapy, and alloSCT. A number of phase 3 combinations studies have been completed or are ongoing at the time of this report. At the present time there are no approved interventions for patients with progressive or refractory disease particularly after HMA based therapy. In 2021, several reports indicated improved outcomes with alloSCT in MDS as well as early results from clinical trials using targeted intervention.
Scaffolds for drug delivery and tissue engineering: The role of genetics
Authors: Aleksandra Zielińska, Jacek Karczewski, Piotr Eder, Tomasz Kolanowski, Milena Szalata, Karolina Wielgus, Marlena Szalata, Dohun Kim, Su Ryon Shin, Ryszard Słomski, Eliana B. Souto
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2023)
Factors Associated With Liver Transplant Referral Among Patients With Cirrhosis at Multiple Safety-Net Hospitals
Authors: Mignote Yilma, Nicole J. Kim, Amy M. Shui, Michele Tana, Charles Landis, Ariana Chen, Saroja Bangaru, Neil Mehta, Kali Zhou
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance A high proportion of underserved patients with cirrhosis receive care at safety-net hospitals (SNHs). While liver transplant (LT) can be a life-saving treatment for cirrhosis, data on referral patterns from SNHs to LT centers are lacking. Objective To identify factors associated with LT referral within the SNH context. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study included 521 adult patients with cirrhosis and model for end-stage liver disease–sodium (MELD-Na) scores of 15 or greater. Participants received outpatient hepatology care at 3 SNHs between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017, with end of follow-up on May 1, 2022. Exposures Patient demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and liver disease factors. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcome was referral for LT. Descriptive statistics were used to describe patient characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate factors associated with LT referral. Multiple chained imputation was used to address missing values. Results Of 521 patients, 365 (70.1%) were men, the median age was 60 (IQR, 52-66) years, most (311 [59.7%]) were Hispanic or Latinx, 338 (64.9%) had Medicaid insurance, and 427 (82.0%) had a history of alcohol use (127 [24.4%] current vs 300 [57.6%] prior). The most common liver disease etiology was alcohol associated liver disease (280 [53.7%]), followed by hepatitis C virus infection (141 [27.1%]). Median MELD-Na score was 19 (IQR, 16-22). One hundred forty-five patients (27.8%) were referred for LT. Of these, 51 (35.2%) were wait-listed, and 28 (19.3%) underwent LT. In a multivariable model, male sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31-0.81]), Black race vs Hispanic or Latinx ethnicity (AOR, 0.19 [95% CI, 0.04-0.89]), uninsured status (AOR, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.18-0.89]), and hospital site (AOR, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.18-0.87]) were associated with lower odds of being referred. Reasons for not being referred (n = 376) included active alcohol use and/or limited sobriety (123 [32.7%]), insurance issues (80 [21.3%]), lack of social support (15 [4.0%]), undocumented status (7 [1.9%]), and unstable housing (6 [1.6%]). Conclusions In this cohort study of SNHs, less than one-third of patients with cirrhosis and MELD-Na scores of 15 or greater were referred for LT. The identified sociodemographic factors negatively associated with LT referral highlight potential intervention targets and opportunities to standardize LT referral practices to increase access to life-saving transplant among underserved patients.
Standardized Documentation Is Not the Solution to Reduce Physician Time in the Electronic Health Record
Authors: Harry B. Burke
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Perivascular spaces relate to the course and cognition of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Xiao-Yan Li, Juan-Juan Xie, Jin-Hong Wang, Yu-Feng Bao, Yi Dong, Bin Gao, Ting Shen, Pei-Yu Huang, Hao-Chao Ying, Han Xu, Anna Wang Roe, Hsin-Yi Lai, Zhi-Ying Wu
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2023)
Radiographic views for hand fractures – call for three view national uk guidelines - a quality improvement study
Authors: Clea Southall, Thessa R. Friebel, Sonya Gardiner, Dariush Nikkhah
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

A three-view radiographic examination (comprising of antero-posterior, oblique and lateral views) is crucial for the accurate assessment and subsequent decision-making in hand fracture management. The superiority of a three-view examination, compared to only two views, has been demonstrated by multiple studies, citing increased diagnostic accuracy and reduced rates of misdiagnosis. As such, the American College of Radiology (ACR) now recommends a standard three-view examination for finger and hand injuries; despite this, no formal guidance exists in the United Kingdom. Out of the 235 patients referred to our tertiary hand trauma unit with a confirmed hand fracture, less than half (45%) had three-view radiographic examination performed. Less than two-thirds (57%) of metacarpal fractures had three views available at assessment in our unit, with the lateral radiograph most commonly lacking (38%). Less than a third (30%) of phalangeal fractures had all three views, with the oblique view most commonly absent (64% of cases). Reviewed radiology protocols from six local hospitals were inconsistent; all recommended three views for suspected metacarpal fractures, but only two for suspected phalangeal injuries. Despite the superiority of a three-view examination and no additional cost of a third view, over half of the patients in this study lacked a three-view radiographic series. The authors would like to call for national published guidance advocating the use of three-view radiographic series in all patients with a high hand fracture suspicion (as defined by the presence of swelling, bruising and/or deformity) to reduce variability in local radiology hand fracture protocols and increase availability of three-view radiographs in the primary, secondary and tertiary settings.
Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for locally advanced resectable oral squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective single-arm trial (Illuminate Trial)
Authors: Yingying Huang, Jingjing Sun, Jun Li, Dongwang Zhu, Minjun Dong, Shengjin Dou, Yong Tang, Wentao Shi, Qi Sun, Tongchao Zhao, Zhihang Zhou, Xinyu Zhou, Ying Liu, Jiang Li, Guopei Zhu, Ding Zhang, Yanan Chen, Qi Zhu, Wutong Ju, Laiping Zhong
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (LAOSCC) is associated with a high rate of recurrence and poor survival. Given the recent successes of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NAICT) in solid tumors, it is promising to use this treatment modality to achieve a better pathological response and improve the survival of LAOSCC, and clinical evidence is needed to assess its safety and efficacy.A prospective trial of NAICT with toripalimab (PD-1 inhibitor) and albumin paclitaxel/cisplatin (TTP) was conducted in patients with clinical stage III and IVA OSCC. Intravenous albumin paclitaxel (260 mg/m 2 ), cisplatin (75 mg/m 2 ), and toripalimab (240 mg) were given in sequence on day 1 of each 21 day cycle for two cycles, followed by radical surgery and risk-adapted adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy. The primary endpoints were safety and major pathological response (MPR). Targeted next generation sequencing and multiplex immunofluorescence were performed to assess clinical molecular characteristics and the tumor immune microenvironment in the pre-NAICT and post-NAICT tumor samples.Twenty patients were enrolled. NAICT was well-tolerated with a low incidence of grades 3-4 adverse events in three patients. The completion rates of NAICT and subsequent R0 resection were 100%. The MPR rate was 60%, including a 30% pathological complete response. MPR was achieved in all four patients with a combined positive score of PD-L1>10. The density of tertiary lymphatic structure in post-NAICT tumor samples predicted the pathological response to NAICT. During the median 23-month follow-up, the disease-free survival was 90%, and the overall survival was 95%.NAICT with the TTP protocol in LAOSCC is feasible and well tolerated, with a promising MPR and no obstruction on subsequent surgery. This trial is supportive of further randomized trials using NAICT in LAOSCC.
Updating the Know Your Chances Website to Include Smoking Status as a Risk Factor for Mortality Estimates
Authors: Steven Woloshin, Victoria Landsman, Daniel G. Miller, Jeffrey Byrne, Barry I. Graubard, Eric J. Feuer
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

To make wise decisions about the health risks they face, people need information about the magnitude of the threats as well as the context, such as how risks compare. Such information is often presented by age, sex, and race but rarely accounts for smoking status, a major risk factor for many causes of death.