tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in Screening Malignancy of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Authors: Özge Erol Fenercioğlu, Enver Yarikkaya, Ediz Beyhan, Tevfik Fikret Çermik, Nurhan Ergül
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract A 57-year-old man with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and newly diagnosed colonic adenocarcinoma was referred to 18 F-FDG PET/CT for staging and 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT for ongoing trial. 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed equal intense 18 F-FDG uptake in the tumor and multiple hypermetabolic polypoid lesions in the entire colorectum. 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT showed intense 68 Ga-FAPI-04 uptake only at the colonic tumor, without uptake at polypoid lesions.
Comparison of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT With 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for Initial Staging in Intermediate- and High-Risk Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kunal Ramesh Chandekar, Harmandeep Singh, Rajender Kumar, Santosh Kumar, Nandita Kakkar, Bhagwant Rai Mittal, Shrawan Kumar Singh
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Purpose This study aimed to compare 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT with 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for initial staging in intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Methods Forty treatment-naive, biopsy-proven, intermediate- or high-risk PCa patients were prospectively recruited. Each patient underwent PET/CT with 68 Ga-PSMA-11 and 18 F-PSMA-1007 (within 2 weeks). Assessment of both set of images included delineating number and characteristics of lesions, measurement of tracer uptake (SUV max ), miPSMA scoring, and PET-based stage categorization. Results Intraprostatic lesions were detected in all patients by both tracers with concordant PET-based T stage. Median SUV max of the dominant PSMA-positive prostatic lesions was not significantly different with 18 F-PSMA-1007 and 68 Ga-PSMA-11 (19.9 vs 19.4, P = 0.127, n = 40). Prostatic miPSMA scores were similar in 31/40 (77.5%) patients with both tracers (weighted κ = 0.71). In 23/40 (57.5%) patients, regional lymph nodes (n = 171) were detected by both tracers. Few additional PET-positive regional lymph nodes (n = 3) were exclusively detected by 18 F-PSMA in 2 patients without altering PET-based N stage. Extraregional lymph nodes (n = 123 in 17/40 patients) and visceral metastatic lesions (n = 18 in 3/40 patients) were detected concordantly by both tracers. PET-positive marrow based and skeletal metastases (n = 71) were detected in 14/40 (35%) patients by both tracers. Few additional marrow and skeletal lesions (n = 7) were exclusively detected on 18 F-PSMA-1007 in 5/14 patients, potentially upstaging PET-based M stage in 2/5 patients. Both radiotracers showed excellent interreader agreement for region-wise detection of lesions. Conclusions Our results suggest that 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT is comparable to 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in detecting primary and metastatic lesions of PCa.
Radioiodine Therapy in Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Praveen Kumar, Nishikant Avinash Damle, Chandrasekhar Bal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Thyroid cancer is very rare in children. 131 I therapy after thyroidectomy is established in pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Pediatric DTC guideline is silent on the optimum amount of 131 I that could be safely and effectively administered to children who are more radiosensitive. Like adult DTC, children are also given 131 I therapy empirically based either on age or body weight. Pediatric DTC guideline recommends that patient-specific dosimetry is important in children. Still, due to the low incidence rate and the practical difficulties of dosimetry, it has neither been established nor adopted in routine practice. This review article aims to discuss current approaches of 131 I therapy in children and young adult patients with DTC and dosimetric data obtained by several investigators. Efforts are required to simplify dosimetric procedures and precise results, especially in determining lesion size. We prefer 3-dimensional dosimetry over planar dosimetry, where lesion size could be measured accurately. 124 I PET/CT-based dosimetry is expected to give accurate dosimetric results. The most challenging aspect is that no randomized controlled trials are available to compare the empiric 131 I therapy results versus dosimetry-based treatment outcomes in children and young adults. Suppose dosimetry-based 131 I therapy could be shown to have better outcomes, namely, successful ablation rate, better disease-free survival, and lesser treatment-emergent adverse events than empirical 131 I treatment. In that case, one can argue in favor of the former. Unfortunately, no convincing study is currently available. Thus, there is a need for a randomized control trial to settle this issue.
Combination lurbinectedin and doxorubicin versus physician's choice of chemotherapy in patients with relapsed small-cell lung cancer (ATLANTIS): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial
Authors: Santiago Ponce Aix, Tudor Eliade Ciuleanu, Alejandro Navarro, Sophie Cousin, Laura Bonanno, Egbert F Smit, Alberto Chiappori, Maria Eugenia Olmedo, Ildiko Horvath, Christian Grohé, Anna F Farago, José Antonio López-Vilariño, Martin Cullell-Young, Antonio Nieto, Noelia Vasco, Javier Gómez, Carmen Kahatt, Ali Zeaiter, Enric Carcereny, Jaromir Roubec, Konstantinos Syrigos, Gregory Lo, Isidoro Barneto, Anthony Pope, Amparo Sánchez, Joseph Kattan, Konstantinos Zarogoulidis, Cornelius F Waller, Helge Bischoff, Oscar Juan-Vidal, Niels Reinmuth, Manuel Dómine, Luis Paz-Ares
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2022)
Over-reliance on English hinders cognitive science
Authors: Damián E. Blasi, Joseph Henrich, Evangelia Adamou, David Kemmerer, Asifa Majid
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2022)

English is the dominant language in the study of human cognition and behavior: the individuals studied by cognitive scientists, as well as most of the scientists themselves, are frequently English speakers. However, English differs from other languages in ways that have consequences for the whole of the cognitive sciences, reaching far beyond the study of language itself. Here, we review an emerging body of evidence that highlights how the particular characteristics of English and the linguistic habits of English speakers bias the field by both warping research programs (e.g., overemphasizing features and mechanisms present in English over others) and overgeneralizing observations from English speakers' behaviors, brains, and cognition to our entire species. We propose mitigating strategies that could help avoid some of these pitfalls.
A microfluidic demonstration of “cluster-sprout-infiltrating” mode for hypoxic mesenchymal stem cell guided cancer cell migration
Authors: Fan An, Zhijie Hou, Xiaochao Wang, Zhongmin Wang, Chenying Jing, Ran Sui, Yameng Wu, Yunfeng Ma, Cheng Chang, Shuai Liu, Manman Li, Lijie Sun, Ziqi Gao, Wenjuan Zhang, Zhenghui Lang, Jiaqi Zhao, Yueyang Qu, Lingzhi Xu, Yong Luo, Jinsong Yan, Yuesheng Wang, Jie Xu, Quentin Liu
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)
Green endoscopy: British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG), Joint Accreditation Group (JAG) and Centre for Sustainable Health (CSH) joint consensus on practical measures for environmental sustainability in endoscopy.
Authors: Shaji Sebastian, Anjan Dhar, Robin Baddeley, Leigh Donnelly, Rosemary Haddock, Ramesh Arasaradnam, Archibald Coulter, Benjamin Robert Disney, Helen Griffiths, Christopher Healey, Rosie Hillson, Ingeborg Steinbach, Sarah Marshall, Arun Rajendran, Andrew Rochford, Siwan Thomas-Gibson, Sandeep Siddhi, William Stableforth, Emma Wesley, Bernard Brett, Allan John Morris, Andrew Douds, Mark Giles Coleman, Andrew M Veitch, Bu'Hussain Hayee
Journal: Gut (2022)

GI endoscopy is highly resource-intensive with a significant contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and waste generation. Sustainable endoscopy in the context of climate change is now the focus of mainstream discussions between endoscopy providers, units and professional societies. In addition to broader global challenges, there are some specific measures relevant to endoscopy units and their practices, which could significantly reduce environmental impact. Awareness of these issues and guidance on practical interventions to mitigate the carbon footprint of GI endoscopy are lacking. In this consensus, we discuss practical measures to reduce the impact of endoscopy on the environment applicable to endoscopy units and practitioners. Adoption of these measures will facilitate and promote new practices and the evolution of a more sustainable specialty.
Lisaftoclax in Combination with Alrizomadlin Overcomes Venetoclax Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Preclinical Studies
Authors: Yifan Zhai, Qiuqiong Tang, Douglas D. Fang, Jing Deng, Kaixiang Zhang, Qixin Wang, Yan Yin, Chengcheng Fu, Sheng-Li Xue, Na Li, Feng Zhou, Dajun Yang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Despite approval of B-cell lymphoma (BCL)-2 inhibitor venetoclax for certain hematologic malignancies, its broader clinical benefit is curtailed by resistance. Our study aimed to determine if treatment with novel anticancer agents targeting BCL-2 and mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) could overcome venetoclax resistance in preclinical models.Venetoclax-sensitive and venetoclax-resistant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and xenograft models were used to evaluate antitumor effects and underlying mechanisms associated with combined BCL-2 inhibitor lisaftoclax (APG-2575) and MDM2 inhibitor alrizomadlin (APG-115).The combination exhibited synergistic antiproliferative and apoptogenic activities in TP53 wild-type AML cell lines in vitro. This synergy was further exemplified by deep antitumor responses and prolonged survival in AML cell line-derived and patient-derived xenograft models. Interestingly, the combination treatment resensitized (to apoptosis) venetoclax-resistant cellular and mouse models established via chronic drug exposure or genetically engineered with clinically relevant BCL-2 gene mutations. Synergistic effects in reducing cellular viability and proliferation were also demonstrated in primary samples of patients with venetoclax-resistant AML treated with lisaftoclax and alrizomadlin ex vivo. Mechanistically, alrizomadlin likely primes cancer cells to BCL-2 inhibition-induced cellular apoptosis by downregulating expression of antiapoptotic proteins myeloid cell leukemia-1 and BCL-extra-large and upregulating pro-death BCL-2-associated X protein.Lisaftoclax in combination with alrizomadlin overcomes venetoclax resistance mediated by various mechanisms, including BCL-2 mutations. In addition, we posit further, putative molecular mechanisms. Our data rationalize clinical development of this treatment combination in patients with diseases that are insensitive or resistant to venetoclax.
Genomic Microsatellite Signatures Identify Germline Mismatch Repair Deficiency and Risk of Cancer Onset
Authors: Jiil Chung, Logine Negm, Vanessa Bianchi, Lucie Stengs, Anirban Das, Zhihui Amy Liu, Sumedha Sudhaman, Melyssa Aronson, Ledia Brunga, Melissa Edwards, Victoria Forster, Martin Komosa, Scott Davidson, Jodi Lees, Patrick Tomboc, David Samuel, Roula Farah, Anne Bendel, Jeffrey Knipstein, Kami Wolfe Schneider, Agnes Reschke, Shayna Zelcer, Alexandra Zorzi, Robert McWilliams, William D. Foulkes, Raymond Bedgood, Lindsay Peterson, Sara Rhode, An Van Damme, Isabelle Scheers, Sharon Gardner, Gabriel Robbins, Magimairajan Issai Vanan, M. Stephen Meyn, Rebecca Auer, Brandie Leach, Carol Burke, Anita Villani, David Malkin, Eric Bouffet, Annie Huang, Michael D. Taylor, Carol Durno, Adam Shlien, Cynthia Hawkins, Gad Getz, Yosef E. Maruvka, Uri Tabori
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

PURPOSE Diagnosis of Mismatch Repair Deficiency (MMRD) is crucial for tumor management and early detection in patients with the cancer predisposition syndrome constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD). Current diagnostic tools are cumbersome and inconsistent both in childhood cancers and in determining germline MMRD. PATIENTS AND METHODS We developed and analyzed a functional Low-pass Genomic Instability Characterization (LOGIC) assay to detect MMRD. The diagnostic performance of LOGIC was compared with that of current established assays including tumor mutational burden, immunohistochemistry, and the microsatellite instability panel. LOGIC was then applied to various normal tissues of patients with CMMRD with comprehensive clinical data including age of cancer presentation. RESULTS Overall, LOGIC was 100% sensitive and specific in detecting MMRD in childhood cancers (N = 376). It was more sensitive than the microsatellite instability panel (14%, P = 4.3 × 10 −12 ), immunohistochemistry (86%, P = 4.6 × 10 −3 ), or tumor mutational burden (80%, P = 9.1 × 10 −4 ). LOGIC was able to distinguish CMMRD from other cancer predisposition syndromes using blood and saliva DNA ( P &lt; .0001, n = 277). In normal cells, MMRDness scores differed between tissues (GI &gt; blood &gt; brain), increased over time in the same individual, and revealed genotype-phenotype associations within the mismatch repair genes. Importantly, increased MMRDness score was associated with younger age of first cancer presentation in individuals with CMMRD ( P = 2.2 × 10 −5 ). CONCLUSION LOGIC was a robust tool for the diagnosis of MMRD in multiple cancer types and in normal tissues. LOGIC may inform therapeutic cancer decisions, provide rapid diagnosis of germline MMRD, and support tailored surveillance for individuals with CMMRD.
Oleic acid-based vesicular nanocarriers for topical delivery of the natural drug thymoquinone: Improvement of anti-inflammatory activity
Authors: Maria Chiara Bruno, Agnese Gagliardi, Antonia Mancuso, Antonella Barone, Martine Tarsitano, Donato Cosco, Maria Chiara Cristiano, Massimo Fresta, Donatella Paolino
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2022)
WNT signaling in the tumor microenvironment promotes immunosuppression in murine pancreatic cancer
Authors: Wenting Du, Rosa E. Menjivar, Katelyn L. Donahue, Padma Kadiyala, Ashley Velez-Delgado, Kristee L. Brown, Hannah R. Watkoske, Xi He, Eileen S. Carpenter, Christina V. Angeles, Yaqing Zhang, Marina Pasca di Magliano
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2022)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is associated with activation of WNT signaling. Whether this signaling pathway regulates the tumor microenvironment has remained unexplored. Through single-cell RNA sequencing of human pancreatic cancer, we discovered that tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells express TCF7, encoding for the transcription factor TCF1. We conditionally inactivated Tcf7 in CD4 expressing T cells in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer and observed changes in the tumor immune microenvironment, including more CD8+ T cells and fewer regulatory T cells, but also compensatory upregulation of PD-L1. We then used a clinically available inhibitor of Porcupine, a key component of WNT signaling, and observed similar reprogramming of the immune response. WNT signaling inhibition has limited therapeutic window due to toxicity, and PD-L1 blockade has been ineffective in PDA. Here, we show that combination targeting reduces pancreatic cancer growth in an experimental model and might benefit the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Sexually Transmitted Infection Rates and Closure of Family Planning Clinics Because of Abortion Restrictions in Iowa
Authors: Megan Srinivas, Ngai Sze Wong, Robin Wallace, Michael Emch, Weiming Tang, Eileen J. Yang, Joseph D. Tucker
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

This cohort study assesses rates of sexually transmitted infections in Iowa counties before and after closure of family planning health centers and compared with national rates.
Diagnostic Value of 18F-FACBC PET/MRI in Brain Metastases
Authors: Silje Kjærnes Øen, Knut Johannessen, Lars Kjelsberg Pedersen, Erik Magnus Berntsen, Jon Andre Totland, Håkon Johansen, Trond Velde Bogsrud, Tora S. Solheim, Anna Karlberg, Live Eikenes
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

The study aims to evaluate whether combined 18 F-FACBC PET/MRI could provide additional diagnostic information compared with MRI alone in brain metastases.Eighteen patients with newly diagnosed or suspected recurrence of brain metastases received dynamic 18 F-FACBC PET/MRI. Lesion detection was evaluated on PET and MRI scans in 2 groups depending on prior stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS group) or not (no-SRS group). SUVs, time-activity curves, and volumetric analyses of the lesions were performed.In the no-SRS group, 29/29 brain lesions were defined as "MRI positive." With PET, 19/29 lesions were detected and had high tumor-to-background ratios (TBRs) (D max MR , ≥7 mm; SUV max , 1.2-8.4; TBR, 3.9-25.9), whereas 10/29 lesions were undetected (D max MR , ≤8 mm; SUV max , 0.3-1.2; TBR, 1.0-2.7). In the SRS group, 4/6 lesions were defined as "MRI positive," whereas 2/6 lesions were defined as "MRI negative" indicative of radiation necrosis. All 6 lesions were detected with PET (D max MR , ≥15 mm; SUV max , 1.4-4.2; TBR, 3.6-12.6). PET volumes correlated and were comparable in size with contrast-enhanced MRI volumes but were only partially congruent (mean DSC, 0.66). All time-activity curves had an early peak, followed by a plateau or a decreasing slope.18 F-FACBC PET demonstrated uptake in brain metastases from cancer of different origins (lung, gastrointestinal tract, breast, thyroid, and malignant melanoma). However, 18 F-FACBC PET/MRI did not improve detection of brain metastases compared with MRI but might detect tumor tissue beyond contrast enhancement on MRI. 18 F-FACBC PET should be further evaluated in recurrent brain metastases.
A Viability Analysis of Tumor-Bearing Frozen Autograft for the Reconstruction After Resection of Malignant Bone Tumors Using 99mTc-MDP Scintigraphy
Authors: Yoshihiro Araki, Norio Yamamoto, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Akihiko Takeuchi, Shinji Miwa, Kentaro Igarashi, Takashi Higuchi, Kensaku Abe, Yuta Taniguchi, Hirotaka Yonezawa, Sei Morinaga, Yohei Asano, Takayuki Nojima, Junichi Taki, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Several methods are used to reconstruct bony defects after malignant tumor excision. Tumor-bearing frozen autograft reconstruction is a biological procedure in which tumor-bearing bone is reused after devitalization with liquid nitrogen to kill tumor cells. The viability of frozen autografts has not been fully evaluated over time. We therefore aimed to evaluate the viability of devitalized bone grafts, using 99m Tc-MDP scintigraphy.Seventy-four patients who underwent frozen autograft reconstruction after the excision of a malignant bone tumor were enrolled. Two hundred forty-two postoperative 99m Tc-MDP scans were reviewed. For a quantitative analysis, the region of interest on the frozen bone segment and a symmetric region of interest on the contralateral normal area were manually set. The radioactive tracer uptake ratio was calculated by dividing the count density of the frozen bone segment by that of the contralateral normal area in each image. An uptake ratio of 0.9 to 1.1 was defined as a normalization of tracer uptake.Normalization of tracer uptake was achieved in 95% to 97% of the cases by 60 months postoperatively, and earlier in the middle zone and peripheral zone in the pedicle freezing group in comparison to the free freezing group (both P = 0.03). Fracture and nonunion was associated with a low uptake ratio, whereas infection was associated with a high uptake ratio before the occurrence of the event.The calculation of the uptake ratio using 99m Tc-MDP scans was an objective and accurate evaluation method. The period to normalization of tracer uptake in the pedicle frozen bone was significantly earlier than that in the free frozen bone. The postoperative complications can be also predicted.
Umbilical Endometriosis Mimicking Malignancy on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Yujiao Deng, Hongjun Xie, Limeng He, Zhiling Ding, Wei Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract Umbilical endometriosis is a rare event. A 44-year-old woman complained of a palpable abdominal mass with bloody secretion and chronic abdominal pain for 2 months. 18 F-FDG PET/CT images demonstrated multiple foci of increased tracer uptake indicating malignant tumor with metastases in the region of umbilicus and lower segment of the esophagus. Unexpectedly, the subsequent histology and immunohistochemistry of the umbilical lesion demonstrated endometriosis.
Extensive Drop Metastases From Pineal Gland Tumor
Authors: Vivek Kumar Saini, Manish Ora
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Pineal gland tumors are an infrequent central nervous system manifestation. Their prevalence is only less than 1% of all central nervous system tumors. They generally involve children or young adults aged younger than 40 years. Extracranial or spinal drop metastases are very rare from pineal gland tumors. In this case, 18 FDG PET/CT demonstrates drops in metastases involving the entire length of the spinal as well as multiple other intracranial metastatic lesions.
Sequential Brain Perfusion Findings in a Case of Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome
Authors: Cherifa Fazila Ghomari, Bastien Misgault, Alpha Oumar Diallo, Helene Durand, Caroline Bund, Izzie Jacques Namer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

A 60-year-old man with chronic alcoholism for 30 years was admitted to the hospital for an acute alcoholic syndrome with global confusional state, cognitive disorders, and ataxia. MRI detected bilateral mamillary bodies T 2 hypersignal related to Wernicke encephalopathy. It was treated by oral thiamine supplementation with clinical improvement. Two months later, he was rehospitalized for rapidly progressive dementia symptoms. Brain perfusion scintigraphy revealed pontine hyperperfusion and right hippocampal hypoperfusion. One month after IV thiamine supplementation, brain perfusion scintigraphy showed normalization of perfusion abnormalities in the pons and right hippocampus, leading to the diagnosis of alcoholic-related osmotic demyelination syndrome.
Excellent Response to Multimodal Therapy Approach in Hyperfunctioning Metastatic Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma Diagnosed on 123I-SPECT/Ultrasound Fusion Imaging
Authors: Theresa Leder, Philipp Seifert, Robert Drescher, Falk Gühne, Martin Freesmeyer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

An 83-year-old woman presented with new-onset hyperthyroidism and suspicious thyroid nodules on ultrasound (US). Conventional 99m TcO 4 thyroid scintigraphy showed hyperfunctioning areas that could not be clearly assigned to the US findings. With the aid of 123 I-SPECT/US fusion imaging, suspicious nodules were unambiguously identified as autonomously hyperfunctioning lesions. Additional 123 I whole-body scan revealed iodine-avid lymphonodular and pulmonal metastases. Clinical diagnosis of hormone-active thyroid carcinoma was made and histologically confirmed. Because of significant hyperthyroidism as well as multiple partially iodine-negative metastases, a multimodal treatment regime consisting of 131 I radioiodine therapy, surgery, and radiation therapy was conducted, leading to almost complete remission.