tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Loading Dose of Digoxin
Authors: Jean T. Barbey
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical Schools in the United States
Journal: JAMA (2004)

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Medical Schools in the United States
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Diagnosis of Nervous Diseases,
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MEDICAL SCHOOLS OF THE UNITED STATES
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Surgery, Its Principles and Practice.
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Minireview: Endocannabinoids and Their Receptors as Targets for Obesity Therapy
Authors: Annette D. De Kloet, Stephen C. Woods
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2009)

As the incidence of obesity continues to increase, the development of effective therapies is a high priority. The endocannabinoid system has emerged as an important influence on the regulation of energy homeostasis. The endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol act on cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1) in the brain and many peripheral tissues causing a net anabolic action. This includes increasing food intake, and causing increased lipogenesis and fat storage in adipose tissue and liver. The endocannabinoid system is hyperactive in obese humans and animals, and treating them with CB1 antagonists causes weight loss and improved lipid and glucose profiles. Although clinical trials with CB1 antagonists have yielded beneficial metabolic effects, concerns about negative affect have limited the therapeutic potential of the first class of CB1 antagonists available.
Behavior of Minlmum-Deviation Hepatomas Implanted Into Chick Embryo Blastoderms&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

The behavior of 6 Morris hepatomas differing in growth rate and karyotype deviation was studied after implantation into 16- to 18-hour chick embryo blastoderms. Three parameters were used to assess the behavior and specificity of interaction between the embryonic and hepatoma cells. Grafts placed between the embryonic germ layers showed considerable mobility (“takes”). The frequency of “takes” of Morris hepatomas was related to their growth rate. Normal heterografts were invariably covered on all sides, except the side apposed to the endodermal layer of the embryo, by large masses of host mesoderm. This reaction was termed the “host mesodermal response” (HMR). Neoplastic cells elicit a low level of HMR. The HMR elicited by Morris hepatomas did not differ significantly from that of normal liver. The hepatomas also induced a characteristic proliferation of the embryonic endodermal cells termed “endodermal proliferative reaction” (EPR). Four types of tumor cells of mesodermal origin, previously studied in similar experiments, did not have this ability. The extent of both HMR and EPR appeared to depend on the degree of karyotype deviation. The responses were diametrically opposite but complementary. The total of HMR and EPR was constant, whether the grafts were derived from hepatomas or from normal liver. These and similar earlier experiments with a variety of neoplastic cells suggest that these parameters of behavior may be used to assess the degree of tumor progression, to obtain information on the status of tumor differentiation, and to detect early neoplastic changes or tendencies in normal tissues.
Volunteer Physicians for Vietnam
Authors: Gabriel Smilkstein
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Statistics released by the Vietnamese Ministry of Health in 1965 indicated that there were 1,300 physicians in South Vietnam. Of this number, approximately 1,000 had duties with the military or government which precluded their service to the civilian population. A review of the location of the remaining 300 physicians available to the civilian population indicated that most of the physicians were in Saigon while a lesser number were in the large cities of Hue, Danang, Nha Trang, and Can Tho. The other provincial capitals had a negligible number of practicing physicians. At the request of the government of Vietnam, the United States initiated a program to help augment this small force of Vietnamese physicians at the province level through the use of volunteer physicians for shortterm medical aid. On July 1, 1965, the People-To-People Foundation, under a contract with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) initiated a program to
Family History, Age, and Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Graham A. Colditz
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine prospectively the risk of breast cancer as influenced by a maternal history of breast cancer, the mother's age at diagnosis, or a sister's history of breast cancer. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective cohort study with biennial follow-up. <h3>Setting/Participants.</h3> —117988 women in the Nurses' Health Study aged 30 to 55 years in 1976, followed up through 1988 (1.3 million person-years of follow-up). <h3>Results.</h3> —We identified 2389 incident cases of invasive breast cancer. Compared with women without a maternal history of breast cancer, the age-adjusted relative risk (RR) of breast cancer was highest among women whose mother was diagnosed before the age of 40 years (RR, 2.1 [95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 2.8]). The RR decreased with advancing maternal age at time of diagnosis to 1.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.2) for maternal diagnosis after the age of 70 years. Having a sister with a history of breast cancer also was related to increased risk; for women with one sister with breast cancer compared with those with one sister without such a history, the age-adjusted RR was 2.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 3.4). Women whose mother and sister both had a history of breast cancer had an RR of 2.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 4.2) compared with those without a family history. These associations did not differ appreciably when stratified by age; menopausal status; history of benign breast disease; body mass index; age at menarche; or parity or age at first birth of the women at risk. The results remained unchanged when we controlled for these risk factors in multivariate models. Despite slightly greater mammography surveillance and earlier detection of tumors among women with a family history of breast cancer, detection bias is unlikely to account for more than a small part of the observed association. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Risk of breast cancer is approximately doubled among women whose mother had breast cancer diagnosed before the age of 40 years or who have a sister with breast cancer, and remains elevated even for those whose mothers were diagnosed with breast cancer at the age of 70 years or older. However, the risk associated with a mother or sister history of breast cancer is smaller than suggested by earlier retrospective studies. Overall, within this population of middle-aged women, only 2.5% of breast cancer cases are attributable to a positive family history. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:338-343)
Unsuspected Osteomyelitis in Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Lisa G. Newman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —The prevalence of osteomyelitis in diabetic foot ulcers is unknown. Early diagnosis of this infection is critical, as prompt antibiotic treatment decreases the rate of amputation. We therefore assessed the prevalence of osteomyelitis in 35 diabetic patients with 41 foot ulcers. We compared results of roentgenograms, leukocyte scans with indium In 111 oxyquinoline, and bone scans with the diagnostic criterion standards of bone histologic and culture findings. Leukocyte scans were repeated at 2- to 3-week intervals during antibiotic treatment. <h3>Design.</h3> —Cohort study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Institutional and private, ambulatory and hospitalized patients. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Consecutive sample of 54 diabetic patients. Thirty-five patients with 41 foot ulcers were included. <h3>Results.</h3> — As determined by bone biopsy and culture, osteomyelitis was found to underlie 28 (68%) of 41 diabetic foot ulcers. Only nine (32%) of the 28 cases were diagnosed clinically by the referring physician. Underscoring the clinically silent nature of osteomyelitis in these ulcers, 19 (68%) of 28 occurred in outpatients, 19 (68%) of 28 occurred in ulcers not exposing bone, and 18 (64%) of 28 had no evidence of inflammation on physical examination. All patients with ulcers that exposed bone had osteomyelitis. Of the imaging tests, the leukocyte scan had the highest sensitivity, 89%. In patients with osteomyelitis, the leukocyte scan image intensity decreased by 16 to 34 days of antibiotic treatment and normalized by 36 to 54 days. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —The majority of diabetic foot ulcers have an underlying osteomyelitis that is clinically unsuspected. Leukocyte scans are highly sensitive for diagnosing osteomyelitis in diabetic foot ulcers and may be useful for monitoring the efficacy of antibiotic treatment. We recommend that diabetic patients with foot ulcers that expose bone should be treated for osteomyelitis. Diabetic patients with foot ulcers that do not expose bone should undergo leukocyte scanning, which eliminates the risk of bone biopsy in diagnosing osteomyelitis and allows for the diagnosis and treatment of this well-known but often silent precursor of lower extremity amputation. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:1246-1251)
Accuracy and Reproducibility of Precordial Percussion and Palpation for Detecting Increased Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Volume and Mass
Authors: Paul S. Heckerling
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the accuracy and reproducibility of indirect definitive precordial percussion in detecting increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular mass (LVM), and left ventricular end-diastolic wall thickness (LVEDWT), and to compare it with palpation of the apical impulse. <h3>Design.</h3> —Descriptive study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Hospitals and clinics of a university medical center. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Convenience sample of 103 patients (62 men and 41 women) referred for ultrafast computed tomography (CT) of the heart. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Percussion dullness distance from the midsternal line in the left fourth through sixth intercostal spaces, distance of the apical impulse from the midsternal line, and apical impulse diameter in the left lateral decubitus position were measured on all patients. Measurements of LVEDV, LVM, and LVEDWT were taken using ultrafast CT of the heart. Investigators performing the physical diagnostic maneuvers were blinded to the clinical history and CT results, and investigators performing the CT scans were blinded to physical findings. <h3>Results.</h3> —Percussion dullness distance in the left fifth intercostal space was the best discriminator of LVEDV (receiver operating characteristic [ROC] area, 0.680; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 0.547 to 0.813), and dullness distance in the left sixth intercostal space was the best discriminator of LVM and LVEDWT (ROC areas, 0.831, 95% Cl, 0.674 to 0.988; and 0.849, 95% Cl, 0.651 to 0.999, respectively). A percussion dullness distance of greater than 10.5 cm in the left fifth intercostal space detected increased LVEDV or LVM with a sensitivity of 91.3% (95% Cl, 70.5% to 98.5%) and a specificity of 30.3% (95% Cl, 19.9% to 43.0%). There was moderate concordance between investigators for percussion dullness distance (κ, 0.57; 95% Cl, 0.18 to 0.96). In patients in whom an impulse was palpated, an apical impulse diameter of greater than 3.0 cm in the left lateral decubitus detected increased LVEDV or LVM with a sensitivity of 100% (95% Cl, 77.1% to 100%) and a specificity of 40% (95% Cl, 23.2% to 59.3%). However, an impulse was palpable in only 53% of cases and showed only slight interobserver reproducibility (κ, 0.18; 95% Cl, 0.0 to 0.58). <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Indirect definitive percussion of the precordium is a sensitive and moderately reproducible maneuver for excluding cardiomegaly due to increased LVEDV or LVM. Although measurement of apical impulse diameter was also sensitive in excluding cardiomegaly, lack of a palpable impulse in many patients and low precision between physicians may limit its utility in clinical practice. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:1943-1948)
A coherent approach for analysis of the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip improves data quality and performance in epigenome-wide association studies
Authors: Benjamin Lehne, Alexander W Drong, Marie Loh, Weihua Zhang, William R Scott, Sian-Tsung Tan, Uzma Afzal, James Scott, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Paul Elliott, Mark I McCarthy, Jaspal S Kooner, John C Chambers
Journal: Genome biology (2015)

Abstract DNA methylation plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the genome, but the optimal strategy for analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation data remains to be determined. We developed a comprehensive analysis pipeline for epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip, based on 2,687 individuals, with 36 samples measured in duplicate. We propose new approaches to quality control, data normalisation and batch correction through control-probe adjustment and establish a null hypothesis for EWAS using permutation testing. Our analysis pipeline outperforms existing approaches, enabling accurate identification of methylation quantitative trait loci for hypothesis driven follow-up experiments.
Evaluation of Patient Care
Authors: Joseph S. Gonnella
Journal: JAMA (1970)

This study was designed to test a new approach to the evaluation of patient care. Urinary tract infection was the disease surveyed. The objectives of the study were (1) to find the medical status of the patients prior to their first visit to the general medical clinic, (2) to compare the results of the survey with those obtained by the clinic team as recorded in the medical records, (3) to measure the knowledge of the clinic team with objective examinations, and (4) to compare performance on objective examinations with that in actual treatment situations. This approach appears to be an effective way to gather information about the quality of patient care given by physicians.
Association of the triglyceride glucose index with insulin resistance and subclinical atherosclerosis in psoriasis: An observational cohort study
Authors: Ross O'Hagan, Alvaro Gonzalez-Cantero, Nidhi Patel, Christin G. Hong, Alex R. Berg, Haiou Li, Philip M. Parel, Promita Kapoor, Justin A. Rodante, Andrew Keel, Marcus Y. Chen, Wunan Zhou, Martin P. Playford, Heather L. Teague, Alexander V. Sorokin, Nehal N. Mehta
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2022)
Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Confirmed Prediabetic Individuals
Authors: Steven M. Haffner
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Although type II diabetes is associated with both microvascular and macrovascular complications, duration of diabetes and severity of glycemia are strongly associated only with the former. Since prediabetic individuals are hyperinsulinemic, and since hyperinsulinemia may be a cardiovascular risk factor, we hypothesized that prediabetic individuals might have an atherogenic pattern of risk factors even before the onset of clinical diabetes, thereby explaining the relative lack of an association of macrovascular complications with either glycemic severity or disease duration. We documented the cardiovascular risk factor status of 614 initially nondiabetic Mexican Americans who later participated in an 8-year follow-up of the San Antonio Heart Study, a population-based study of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Individuals who were nondiabetic at the time of baseline examination, but who subsequently developed type II diabetes (ie, confirmed prediabetic subjects, n = 43), had higher levels of total and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting glucose and insulin, 2-hour glucose, body mass index, and blood pressure, and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than subjects who remained nondiabetic (n = 571). Most of these differences persisted after adjustment for obesity and/or level of glycemia, but were abolished after adjustment for fasting insulin concentration. When subjects with impaired glucose tolerance at baseline (n = 106) were eliminated, the more atherogenic pattern of cardiovascular risk factors was still evident (and statistically significant) among initially normoglycemic prediabetic subjects. These results indicate that prediabetic subjects have an atherogenic pattern of risk factors (possibly caused by obesity, hyperglycemia, and especially hyperinsulinemia), which may be present for many years and may contribute to the risk of macrovascular disease as much as the duration of clinical diabetes itself. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:2893-2898)