tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Survival outcomes used to validate version 9 of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for appendiceal cancer
Authors: Lauren M. Janczewski, Amanda E. Browner, Joseph H. Cotler, Heidi Nelson, Sanjay Kakar, Norman J. Carr, Nader N. Hanna, Andreana N. Holowatyj, Richard M. Goldberg, M. Kay Washington, Elliot A. Asare, Michael J. Overman
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2023)

Abstract The standard for cancer staging in the United States for all cancer sites, including primary carcinomas of the appendix, is the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system. AJCC staging criteria undergo periodic revisions, led by a panel of site‐specific experts, to maintain contemporary staging definitions through the evaluation of new evidence. Since its last revision, the AJCC has restructured its processes to include prospectively collected data because large data sets have become increasingly robust and available over time. Thus survival analyses using AJCC eighth edition staging criteria were used to inform stage group revisions in the version 9 AJCC staging system, including appendiceal cancer. Although the current AJCC staging definitions were maintained for appendiceal cancer, incorporating survival analysis into the version 9 staging system provided unique insight into the clinical challenges in staging rare malignancies. This article highlights the critical clinical components of the now published version 9 AJCC staging system for appendix cancer, which (1) justified the separation of three different histologies (non‐mucinous, mucinous, signet‐ring cell) in terms of prognostic variance, (2) demonstrated the clinical implications and challenges in staging heterogeneous and rare tumors, and (3) emphasized the influence of data limitations on survival analysis for low‐grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms.
Concerns Regarding Neuroimaging of Asymptomatic Infant Siblings of Children Who Experienced Abuse
Authors: Jim D. Anderst, Christopher S. Greeley
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
A Novel Type of Monocytic Leukemia Stem Cell Revealed by the Clinical Use of Venetoclax-Based Therapy
Authors: Shanshan Pei, Ian T. Shelton, Austin E. Gillen, Brett M. Stevens, Maura Gasparetto, Yanan Wang, Lina Liu, Jun Liu, Tonya M. Brunetti, Krysta Engel, Sarah Staggs, William Showers, Anagha Inguva Sheth, Maria L. Amaya, Mohammad Minhajuddin, Amanda Winters, Sweta B. Patel, Hunter Tolison, Anna E. Krug, Tracy N. Young, Jeffrey Schowinsky, Christine M. McMahon, Clayton A. Smith, Daniel A. Pollyea, Craig T. Jordan
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2023)

Abstract The BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax has recently emerged as an important component of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy. Notably, use of this agent has revealed a previously unrecognized form of pathogenesis characterized by monocytic disease progression. We demonstrate that this form of disease arises from a fundamentally different type of leukemia stem cell (LSC), which we designate as monocytic LSC (m-LSC), that is developmentally and clinically distinct from the more well-described primitive LSC (p-LSC). The m-LSC is distinguished by a unique immunophenotype (CD34−, CD4+, CD11b−, CD14−, CD36−), unique transcriptional state, reliance on purine metabolism, and selective sensitivity to cladribine. Critically, in some instances, m-LSC and p-LSC subtypes can co-reside in the same patient with AML and simultaneously contribute to overall tumor biology. Thus, our findings demonstrate that LSC heterogeneity has direct clinical significance and highlight the need to distinguish and target m-LSCs as a means to improve clinical outcomes with venetoclax-based regimens. Significance: These studies identify and characterize a new type of human acute myeloid LSC that is responsible for monocytic disease progression in patients with AML treated with venetoclax-based regimens. Our studies describe the phenotype, molecular properties, and drug sensitivities of this unique LSC subclass. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 1949
Efficient neutron capture therapy of glioblastoma with pteroyl-closo-dodecaborate-conjugated 4-(p-iodophenyl)butyric acid (PBC-IP)
Authors: Kai Nishimura, Hideki Kashiwagi, Taiki Morita, Yusuke Fukuo, Satoshi Okada, Kazuki Miura, Yoshitaka Matsumoto, Yu Sugawara, Takayuki Enomoto, Minoru Suzuki, Kei Nakai, Shinji Kawabata, Hiroyuki Nakamura
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2023)
Assessment of Regional Nursing Home Preparedness for and Regulatory Responsiveness to Wildfire Risk in the Western US
Authors: Natalia Festa, Kaitlin Fender Throgmorton, Kendra Davis-Plourde, David M. Dosa, Kai Chen, Emma Zang, Jill Kelly, Thomas M. Gill
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance It is uncertain whether emergency preparedness and regulatory oversight for US nursing homes are aligned with local wildfire risk. Objective To evaluate the likelihood that nursing homes at elevated risk of wildfire exposure meet US Centers for Medicare &amp;amp;amp; Medicaid Services (CMS) emergency preparedness standards and to compare the time to reinspection by exposure status. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study of nursing homes in the continental western US from January 1, 2017, through December 31, 2019, was conducted using cross-sectional and survival analyses. The prevalence of high-risk facilities within 5 km of areas at or exceeding the 85th percentile of nationalized wildfire risk across areas overseen by 4 CMS regional offices (New Mexico, Mountain West, Pacific/Southwest, and Pacific Northwest) was determined. Critical emergency preparedness deficiencies cited during CMS Life Safety Code Inspections were identified. Data analysis was performed from October 10 to December 12, 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome classified whether facilities were cited for at least 1 critical emergency preparedness deficiency during the observation window. Regionally stratified generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate associations between risk status and the presence and number of deficiencies, adjusted for nursing home characteristics. For the subset of facilities with deficiencies, differences in restricted mean survival time to reinspection were evaluated. Results Of the 2218 nursing homes in this study, 1219 (55.0%) were exposed to elevated wildfire risk. The Pacific/Southwest had the highest percentage of both exposed (680 of 870 [78.2%]) and unexposed (359 of 486 [73.9%]) facilities with 1 or more deficiencies. The Mountain West had the largest difference in the percentage of exposed (87 of 215 [40.5%]) vs unexposed (47 of 193 [24.4%]) facilities with 1 or more deficiencies. Exposed facilities in the Pacific Northwest had the greatest mean (SD) number of deficiencies (4.3 [5.4]). Exposure was associated with the presence of deficiencies in the Mountain West (odds ratio [OR], 2.12 [95% CI, 1.50-3.01]) and the presence (OR, 1.84 [95% CI, 1.55-2.18]) and number (rate ratio, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.06-1.83]) of deficiencies in the Pacific Northwest. Exposed Mountain West facilities with deficiencies were reinspected later, on average, than unexposed facilities (adjusted restricted mean survival time difference, 91.2 days [95% CI, 30.6-151.8 days]). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, regional heterogeneity in nursing home emergency preparedness for and regulatory responsiveness to local wildfire risk was observed. These findings suggest that there may be opportunities to improve the responsiveness of nursing homes to and regulatory oversight of surrounding wildfire risk.
Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Treatment of Psychotic Symptoms in Alzheimer Disease and Parkinson Disease
Authors: Emile d’Angremont, Marieke J. H. Begemann, Teus van Laar, Iris E. C. Sommer
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

Psychotic symptoms greatly increase the burden of disease for people with neurodegenerative disorders and their caregivers. Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) may be effective treatment for psychotic symptoms in these disorders. Previous trials only evaluated neuropsychiatric symptoms as a secondary and an overall outcome, potentially blurring the outcomes noted with ChEI use specifically for psychotic symptoms.
Dietary sugars silence the master regulator of carbohydrate utilization in human gut Bacteroides species
Authors: Victoria H. Pearce, Eduardo A. Groisman, Guy E. Townsend
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

The mammalian gut microbiota is a critical human health determinant with therapeutic potential for remediation of many diseases. The host diet is a key factor governing the gut microbiota composition by altering nutrient availability and supporting the expansion of distinct microbial populations. Diets rich in simple sugars modify the abundance of microbial subsets, enriching for microbiotas that elicit pathogenic outcomes. We previously demonstrated that diets rich in fructose and glucose can reduce the fitness and abundance of a human gut symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, by silencing the production of a critical intestinal colonization protein, called Roc, via its mRNA leader through an unknown mechanism. We have now determined that dietary sugars silence Roc by reducing the activity of BT4338, a master regulator of carbohydrate utilization. Here, we demonstrate that BT4338 is required for Roc synthesis, and that BT4338 activity is silenced by glucose or fructose. We show that the consequences of glucose and fructose on orthologous transcription factors are conserved across human intestinal Bacteroides species. This work identifies a molecular pathway by which a common dietary additive alters microbial gene expression in the gut that could be harnessed to modulate targeted microbial populations for future therapeutic interventions.
Effect of dietary factors and time of day on iron absorption from oral iron supplements in iron deficient women
Authors: Hanna K. von Siebenthal, Diego Moretti, Michael B. Zimmermann, Nicole U. Stoffel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2023)

Abstract Guidelines generally recommend taking iron supplements in the morning away from meals and with ascorbic acid (AA) to increase iron absorption. However, there is little direct evidence on the effects of dietary factors and time of day on absorption from iron supplements. In iron‐depleted women ( n = 34; median serum ferritin 19.4 μg/L), we administered 100 mg iron doses labeled with 54 Fe, 57 Fe, or 58 Fe in each of six different conditions with: (1) water (reference) in the morning; (2) 80 mg AA; (3) 500 mg AA; (4) coffee; (5) breakfast including coffee and orange juice (containing ~90 mg AA); and (6) water in the afternoon. Fractional iron absorption (FIA) from these n = 204 doses was calculated based on erythrocyte incorporation of multiple isotopic labels. Compared to the reference: 80 mg AA increased FIA by 30% ( p &lt; .001) but 500 mg AA did not further increase FIA ( p = .226); coffee decreased FIA by 54% ( p = .004); coffee with breakfast decreased FIA by 66% ( p &lt; .001) despite the presence of ~90 mg of AA. Serum hepcidin was higher ( p &lt; .001) and FIA was 37% lower ( p = .059) in the afternoon compared to the morning. Our data suggest that to maximize efficacy, ferrous iron supplements should be consumed in the morning, away from meals or coffee, and with an AA‐rich food or beverage. Compared to consuming a 100 mg iron dose in the morning with coffee or breakfast, consuming it with orange juice alone results in a ~ 4‐fold increase in iron absorption, and provides ~20 more mg of absorbed iron per dose. The trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04074707).
The Semont-Plus Maneuver or the Epley Maneuver in Posterior Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Michael Strupp, Marco Mandala, Anne-Sophie Vinck, Laure Van Breda, Lorenzo Salerni, Johannes Gerb, Otmar Bayer, Vergil Mavrodiev, Nicolina Goldschagg
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

Questions remain concerning treatment efficacy for the common condition of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).
The Rita Redberg Era at <i>JAMA Internal Medicine</i>
Authors: Deborah Grady, Mitchell H. Katz, Robert Steinbrook
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

On June 30, 2023, Rita Redberg steps down as Editor of JAMA Internal Medicine. We, the senior editors, write to recognize her achievements over the past 14 years. On behalf of the entire editorial team, we thank Rita for her creative and tireless leadership and valued friendship.
Mortality in Patients With Nonfunctional Adrenal Tumors
Authors: Jekaterina Patrova, Buster Mannheimer, Jonatan D. Lindh, Henrik Falhammar
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

It is unclear if nonfunctional adrenal adenomas (NFAAs) are associated with increased mortality.To analyze mortality and causes of death in patients with NFAA.A national retrospective register-based case-control study was conducted and included 17 726 patients with a diagnosis of adrenal adenoma in Sweden from 2005 to 2019 who were identified and followed up until death or 2020 as well as 124 366 controls without adrenal adenoma. Individuals with diagnoses indicating adrenal hormonal excess or cancer were excluded. Follow-up started after 3 months of cancer-free survival following the date of the NFAA diagnosis. Sensitivity analyses were performed in subgroups of individuals for whom it was assumed that controls would also have undergone computed tomography: those with acute appendicitis (for whom it was assumed that there was no concern of cancer) and in patients with a combination of gallbladder, biliary tract, and pancreas disorders and 6-month and 12-month cancer-free survival following the date of the NFAA diagnosis. The data were analyzed in 2022.Diagnosis of NFAA.The primary outcome was all-cause mortality among patients with NFAA after adjustment for comorbidities and socioeconomic factors. Secondary outcomes were mortality due to cardiovascular diseases and cancer.Among 17 726 cases, 10 777 (60.8%) were women, and the median (IQR) age was 65 (57-73) years; among 124 366 controls, 69 514 (55.9%) were women, and the median (IQR) age was 66 (58-73) years. Among cases, overall mortality during the follow-up period (median, 6.2 years [IQR, 3.3-9.6 years]) was higher compared with controls (hazard ratio [HR] 1.43; 95 CI, 1.38-1.48; adjusted HR [aHR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.16-1.26). The relative association of NFAA with overall mortality was similar in women and men (aHR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.15-1.28] vs 1.19 [95% CI, 1.11-1.26]; P < .001 in both groups). In contrast, NFAA was associated with a larger increase in mortality among individuals younger than 65 years (aHR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.31-1.58) than in older individuals (aHR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.10-1.20; P < .001 for interaction). Mortality due to cardiovascular diseases was increased (aHR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.13-1.29), as was mortality due to cancer (aHR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.42-1.67). The association between NFAA and mortality remained significant and of similar magnitude in all sensitivity analyses.The results of this case-control study suggest that NFAA was associated with an increased overall mortality and mortality of cardiovascular disease and cancer. The increase was more pronounced among younger individuals.
Short-Course Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections in Children
Authors: Theoklis Zaoutis, Nader Shaikh, Brian T. Fisher, Susan E. Coffin, Sonika Bhatnagar, Kevin J. Downes, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Timothy R. Shope, Judith M. Martin, Gysella B. Muniz, Michael Green, Jennifer P. Nagg, Sage R. Myers, Rakesh D. Mistry, Shawn O’Connor, Walter Faig, Stephen Black, Elizabeth Rowley, Kellie Liston, Alejandro Hoberman
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

There is a paucity of pediatric-specific comparative data to guide duration of therapy recommendations in children with urinary tract infection (UTI).
Evidence for Anchoring Bias During Physician Decision-Making
Authors: Dan P. Ly, Paul G. Shekelle, Zirui Song
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Cognitive biases are hypothesized to influence physician decision-making, but large-scale evidence consistent with their influence is limited. One such bias is anchoring bias, or the focus on a single-often initial-piece of information when making clinical decisions without sufficiently adjusting to later information.
Association of Age With Treatment-Related Adverse Events and Survival in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lingbin Meng, Ram Thapa, Maria G. Delgado, Maria F. Gomez, Rui Ji, Todd C. Knepper, Joleen M. Hubbard, Xuefeng Wang, Jennifer B. Permuth, Richard D. Kim, Damian A. Laber, Hao Xie
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

While the incidence of early-onset metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has been increasing, studies on the age-related disparity in this group of patients are limited.
Concerns Regarding Neuroimaging of Asymptomatic Infant Siblings of Children Who Experienced Abuse—Reply
Authors: Kshitij Mankad, Jai Sidpra, Amaka C. Offiah
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Implications of Genetic Variants in Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Ting Zhang, Tingsong Li
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Implications of Genetic Variants in Cerebral Palsy—Reply
Authors: Scott M. Myers, Christa L. Martin, Andres Moreno-De-Luca
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Use of Mechanical Ventilation Across 3 Countries
Authors: Naheed K. Jivraj, Andrea D. Hill, Meng-Shiou Shieh, May Hua, Hayley B. Gershengorn, Paloma Ferrando-Vivas, David Harrison, Kathy Rowan, Peter K. Lindenauer, Hannah Wunsch
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

The ability to provide invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is a mainstay of modern intensive care; however, whether rates of IMV vary among countries is unclear.
Causal relationship between asthma outpatient visits and air pollution with instrumental variable approach
Authors: Su Hwan Kim, Seong Pyo Kim, Jae‐In Song, Zio Kim, Jin Youp Kim, Hyung‐Jin Yoon
Journal: Allergy (2023)

Asthma outpatient visit data can be accessed by requesting data access to NHIS with the IRB. Other data and analysis codes are available upon request from the corresponding author. Appendix S1. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.