tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of unseasonable flooding on women's food security and mental health in rural Sylhet, Bangladesh: a longitudinal observational study
Authors: Sophie Gepp, Jillian L Waid, Dagmar Brombierstäudl, Abdul Kader, Anna A Müller-Hauser, Amanda S Wendt, Juliane Dame, Sabine Gabrysch
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2022)

Climate change will lead to more frequent and intensive flooding. In April, 2017, unseasonably early flooding led to the inundation of low-lying cropland before the rice harvest in northeastern Bangladesh. We describe coping strategies and quantify short-term and medium-term effects of flooding events on food security and depressive symptoms of women.This observational study is part of the cluster-randomised Food and Agricultural Approaches to Reducing Malnutrition trial (FAARM; NCT02505711). Women self-reported flooding exposure on behalf of their households when surveyed (approximately 6 months after the event). Remote sensing analysis was used to detect the extent of the flooding. We collected data on household food security at baseline, depressive symptoms 4-5 months before the flooding, and coping strategies immediately after the event. We followed up on these outcome measurements for depressive symptoms and food security for up to 2·5 years after the flooding event. We used multilevel regression adjusting for intervention allocation and pre-flooding measures to quantify the flood's effect on household food security and women's mental health.The FAARM trial included 2700 young women in 96 settlements in rural Sylhet, Bangladesh. 1335 (56%) of 2405 women reported that their household being greatly affected, with many losing a large part of their rice harvest. Borrowing money with interest was the most common coping strategy, with households paying back on average 1·5 times the borrowed amount. Greatly affected households had higher odds of food insecurity, with a decreasing effect with increasing time after the flood (odds ratio: 2·4 [p<0·0001] 0·5 years after; 1·6 [p<0·0001] 2·0 years after]; and 1·3 [p=0·012] 2·5 years after). Women in such households also had 1·45 times higher odds of depression (p=0·0001) 2·5 years after the flooding event.The 2017 flooding event negatively affected food security and the mental health of women in rural Sylhet, Bangladesh, and few affected women received formal government support. To reduce the impact of future floods, livelihood adaptations and expansion of financial protection programmes are essential measures to pursue.German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (Berlin, Germany) and UK Department for International Development (London, UK).
Pathways between fishery access and early childhood development: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Ranaivo A Rasolofoson, Erin M Milner, Brian J Mattah, Justin S Brashares, Lia H Fernald, Kathryn J Fiorella
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2022)

Access to natural resources is fundamental to human wellbeing. We aimed to disentangle the multiple pathways through which fishery resources benefit early childhood development. Although evidence has linked fish consumption and early childhood development, differences in nutrient content across fish species and the role of fishing income might modify or extend how fishery access shapes child development. To address these gaps, we examined how the species of fish consumed affects early childhood development and disentangled the effects of fishing income and fish consumption.In this longitudinal cohort study, we analysed data from fishing households around Lake Victoria, Kenya, surveyed at nine timepoints between December, 2012, and April, 2015. We used a statistical approach that implemented fixed-effects in structural equation models to investigate how child consumption of two predominant fish species and household fishing income affected child gross motor, personal-social, and communication development scores.Consumption of only one of the two predominant fish species significantly benefited all three child development outcomes. Fishing income significantly increased gross motor and personal-social development. The sizes of these significant effects of fish consumption and fishing income were similar (ranging from 0·10 SD unit, 90% CI 0·03-0·18 to 0·18 SD unit, 90% CI 0·09-0·28). Fishing income significantly increased child development scores through its effect on child growth.Natural resources provide for multiple pathways linking human and ecosystem health. Disentangling these pathways is crucial to fostering sustainable ecosystem management that preserves health benefits, such as the early childhood development benefits of fish access within fishing communities.National Science Foundation.
Resistance of SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariant BA.4.6 to antibody neutralisation
Authors: Qian Wang, Zhiteng Li, Jerren Ho, Yicheng Guo, Andre Yanchen Yeh, Hiroshi Mohri, Michael Liu, Maple Wang, Jian Yu, Jayesh G Shah, Jennifer Y Chang, Favio Herbas, Michael T Yin, Magdalena E Sobieszczyk, Zizhang Sheng, Lihong Liu, David D Ho
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2022)
Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum haplotypes associated with resistance to sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine and amodiaquine before and after upscaling of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in seven African countries: a genomic surveillance study
Authors: Khalid B Beshir, Julian Muwanguzi, Johanna Nader, Raoul Mansukhani, Aliou Traore, Kadidja Gamougam, Sainey Ceesay, Thomas Bazie, Fassou Kolie, Mahaman M Lamine, Matt Cairns, Paul Snell, Susana Scott, Abdoulaye Diallo, Corinne S Merle, Jean Louis NDiaye, Lanto Razafindralambo, Diego Moroso, Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo, Issaka Zongo, Hamit Kessely, Daugla Doumagoum, Kalifa Bojang, Serign Ceesay, Kovana Loua, Hamma Maiga, Alassane Dicko, Issaka Sagara, Ibrahim M Laminou, Sonny Johnbull Ogboi, Tony Eloike, Paul Milligan, Colin J Sutherland
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2022)
Addition of isatuximab to lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone as induction therapy for newly diagnosed, transplantation-eligible patients with multiple myeloma (GMMG-HD7): part 1 of an open-label, multicentre, randomised, active-controlled, phase 3 trial
Authors: Hartmut Goldschmidt, Elias K Mai, Uta Bertsch, Roland Fenk, Eva Nievergall, Diana Tichy, Britta Besemer, Jan Dürig, Roland Schroers, Ivana von Metzler, Mathias Hänel, Christoph Mann, Anne M Asemissen, Bernhard Heilmeier, Niels Weinhold, Stefanie Huhn, Katharina Kriegsmann, Steffen P Luntz, Tobias A W Holderried, Karolin Trautmann-Grill, Deniz Gezer, Maika Klaiber-Hakimi, Martin Müller, Cyrus Khandanpour, Wolfgang Knauf, Christof Scheid, Markus Munder, Thomas Geer, Hendrik Riesenberg, Jörg Thomalla, Martin Hoffmann, Marc S Raab, Hans J Salwender, Katja C Weisel
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2022)
Exposure to nature during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated effect on mental health: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Muhammad Mainuddin Patwary, Angel Dzhambov, Asma Safia Disha, Mondira Bardhan, Md Zahidul Haque, Md Atiqur Rahman, Md Faysal Tareq, Matthew H E M Browning, Lincoln R Larson, Md Ashraful Alam, S M Labib, Faysal Kabir Shuvo, Colby Parkinson
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2022)
Family Planning, Fertility, and Career Decisions Among Female Oncologists
Authors: Anna Lee, Aleksandra Kuczmarska-Haas, Shraddha M. Dalwadi, Erin F. Gillespie, Michelle S. Ludwig, Emma B. Holliday, Fumiko Chino
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Female oncologists often spend their childbearing years in training and establishing careers, with many later experiencing fertility issues when starting a family. Physician fertility and family planning are rarely discussed during training. Attitudes among female oncologists regarding family planning are unknown.To understand barriers to family planning as well as the association of fertility treatment with career decisions and to assess experiences of pregnancy-based discrimination among female oncologists.In this survey study, a novel 39-item questionnaire was distributed to US female oncologists from May 7 to June 30, 2020, via email and social media channels. Questions regarding factors associated with family planning, maternity leave, and discrimination were included.The distribution of survey responses was compared by oncology subspecialty. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine independent variables for discrimination experienced during maternity leave.Responses were collected from 1004 female oncologists. Most respondents (847 [84.4%]) were married, and 713 (71.0%) were currently working full-time. A total of 351 oncologists (35.0%) worked in radiation oncology, 344 (34.3%) in medical oncology, 186 (18.4%) in surgical oncology, and 91 (9.1%) in pediatric oncology. A total of 768 respondents (76.5%) had children, and of these, 415 (41.3%) first gave birth during postgraduate training, and 275 (27.4%) gave birth in years 1 to 5 as an attending physician. Almost all respondents (951 [94.7%]) stated that their career plans were at least somewhat associated with the timing of when to start a family. Having a supportive partner was the most commonly cited positive association with family planning (802 [79.9%]), while long work hours and heavy workload (669 [66.6%]) were the most common negative factors. One-third (318 [31.7%]) had miscarried, and 315 (31.4%) reported difficulty with infertility that required fertility counseling and/or treatment; 660 (65.7%) thought fertility preservation should be discussed with women during medical school and/or residency. One-third (312 [31.1%]) reported experiencing discrimination during pregnancy, and 332 (33.1%) stated they experienced discrimination for taking maternity leave. On multivariable logistic regression, having more than 1 child was associated with increased likelihood of experiencing discrimination during maternity leave (2 children: odds ratio, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.10-2.39]; P = .02; ≥3 children: odds ratio, 1.84 [95% CI, 1.14-2.95; P = .01).In this survey study of female oncologists, 1 in 3 reported experiencing infertility and 1 in 3 stated they experienced discrimination during pregnancy and/or for taking maternity leave. Systemic changes are necessary to ensure women are supported and able to advance equitably in the field.
The Interface Between Colon Cancer and Mental Health Morbidities
Authors: Thomas Round, Mark Ashworth
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Sara Benitez Majano, PhD; Georgios Lyratzopoulos, MD; Niek J. de Wit, PhD; Becky White, MPhil; Bernard Rachet, PhD; Charles Helsper, PhD; Juliet Usher-Smith, PhD; Cristina Renzi, PhD
Social Determinants Associated With Exposure to Childhood Parental Bereavement and Subsequent Risk for Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Christy A. Denckla, Natalie M. Averkamp, Natalie Slopen, Ana Lucia Espinosa Dice, David Williams, M. Katherine Shear, Karestan C. Koenen
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance Prevalence of childhood parental death varies by race and ethnicity and socioeconomic status, yet whether similar variation persists in the association with lifetime psychiatric disorder is unknown. Objective To assess whether race and ethnicity and parental educational attainment are associated with the risk of death of a parent; to determine whether the risk for lifetime psychiatric disorder associated with death of a parent was moderated by race and ethnicity and highest parental educational attainment; and to examine a potential intersection of race and ethnicity with parental educational attainment in the risk of lifetime psychiatric disorder associated with death of a parent. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study used data from the National Comorbidity Study: Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), 2001 to 2004. Participants included youth aged 13 to 18 years, restricted to Black, Hispanic, and White youth due to power limitations. Data were analyzed from February 26, 2021, to April 21, 2022. Exposure Death of a parent during childhood. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary study outcome was any lifetime Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) psychiatric disorder, assess via assessed via structured clinical interviews. Results Among 9501 youth (mean [SD] age, 15.2 [1.5] years; 50.9% female), including 511 youth who had experienced parental death and 8990 youth who had not, the cumulative hazard of parental death by age 18 years was approximately doubled for Hispanic (10.1%; 95% CI, 6.9%-14.7%) and Black (14.0%; 95% CI, 10.6%-18.4%) youth compared with White youth (6.0%; 95% CI, 4.7%-7.8%). Similar patterns were noted by parental educational attainment: the cumulative hazard of parental death for youth of parents with less educational attainment was nearly double (10.1%; 95% CI, 8.1%-12.6%) compared with youth of parents with more education (6.6%; 95% CI, 5.2%-8.4%). Death of a parent was positively and significantly associated with risk of any lifetime psychiatric disorder (aOR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.03-1.75) compared with youth who had not experienced death of a parent. However, this association was not moderated by race and ethnicity (aOR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.58-1.92) or parental educational attainment (aOR, 1.19; 95%, 0.70-2.04), although power analyses suggest that larger sample sizes are needed. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, Black and Hispanic youth experienced elevated parental death compared with White youth, yet the risk for any lifetime psychiatric disorder after parental death was not significantly moderated by race and ethnicity or parental education. Both individual- and population-level interventions may be needed to address the increased risk of psychiatric disorders, although additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed.
Association of Maternal Caffeine Consumption During Pregnancy With Child Growth
Authors: Jessica L. Gleason, Rajeshwari Sundaram, Susanna D. Mitro, Stefanie N. Hinkle, Stephen E. Gilman, Cuilin Zhang, Roger B. Newman, Kelly J. Hunt, Daniel W. Skupski, William A. Grobman, Michael Nageotte, Morgan Robinson, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Katherine L. Grantz
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance Greater caffeine consumption in pregnancy is associated with reduced birth size, but potential associations with childhood growth are unclear. Objective To evaluate the associations of pregnancy caffeine and paraxanthine measures with child growth in a contemporary cohort with low caffeine consumption and a historical cohort with high caffeine consumption. Design, Setting, and Participants The Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes cohort of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies (ECHO-FGS; 10 sites, 2009-2013) was a pregnancy cohort with 1 child measurement between ages 4 and 8 years (follow-up in 2017-2019). The Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP) was a pregnancy cohort (12 sites, 1959-1965) with child follow-up through 8 years (1960-1974). The current secondary analysis was conducted in 2021 and 2022. Exposures Concentrations of caffeine and its primary metabolite, paraxanthine, were quantified from plasma (ECHO-FGS) and serum (CPP) collected in the first trimester. Cut points for analyses were defined by quartiles in ECHO-FGS and quintiles in CPP. Main Outcomes and Measures Child z scores for body mass index, weight, and height were evaluated, as well as fat mass index and percentage and obesity risk measured at 1 time between age 4 and 8 years in ECHO-FGS. In a secondary analysis of the CPP cohort, child z scores and obesity risk longitudinally through age 8 years were evaluated. Results In ECHO-FGS (median caffeine intake &amp;amp;lt;50 mg/d), 788 children (mean [SD] age, 6.8 [1.0] years; 411 boys [52.2%]) of women in the fourth vs first quartile of plasma caffeine concentrations had lower height z scores (β = −0.21; 95% CI, −0.41 to −0.02), but differences in weight z scores were only observed in the third quartile (β = −0.27; 95% CI, −0.47 to −0.07). In CPP, beginning at age 4 years, 1622 children (805 boys [49.7%]) of women in the highest caffeine quintile group had lower height z scores than their peers from the lowest group, with the gap widening with each successive year of age (β = −0.16 [95% CI, −0.31 to −0.01] at 4 years; β = −0.37 [95% CI, −0.57 to −0.16] at 8 years). There were slight reductions in weight at ages 5 to 8 years for children in the third vs first caffeine quintile (β = −0.16 to −0.22). Results were consistent for paraxanthine concentrations in both cohorts. Conclusions and Relevance Intrauterine exposure to increasing levels of caffeine and paraxanthine, even in low amounts, was associated with shorter stature in early childhood. The clinical implication of reductions in height and weight is unclear; however, the reductions were apparent even with levels of caffeine consumption below clinically recommended guidelines of less than 200 mg per day.
Association of Vaginal Progesterone Treatment With Prevention of Recurrent Preterm Birth
Authors: David B. Nelson, Ashlyn Lafferty, Chinmayee Venkatraman, Jeffrey G. McDonald, Kaitlyn M. Eckert, Donald D. McIntire, Catherine Y. Spong
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has been suggested that vaginal progesterone (VP) treatment may reduce the recurrence of PTB. Objective To evaluate the association of VP treatment with prevention of recurrent PTB among patients with a singleton pregnancy. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective, observational cohort study, set in a public health care system for inner-city pregnant patients, enrolled patients with prior spontaneous PTB (gestational age, ≤35 weeks) receiving VP from May 15, 2017, to May 7, 2019. Patients who delivered between 1998 and 2011 served as a referent cohort matched 3:1 for obesity, race and ethnicity, and individual specific preterm birth history. Statistical analysis was performed from August 19, 2021, to September 2, 2022. Exposure Patients received 90 mg of vaginal progesterone, 8%, nightly, initiated between 16 weeks and 0 days and 20 weeks and 6 days of pregnancy until 36 weeks and 6 days of pregnancy or delivery. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was overall rate of recurrent PTB at 35 weeks or less of patients given VP compared with the 3:1 matched untreated historical controls. Secondary outcomes included assessment of PTB according to adherence (≥80% completing scheduled doses), duration of pregnancy relative to index gestational age, progesterone blood levels, and outcomes for those who declined VP. Results A total of 417 patients (mean [SD] age, 30.4 [5.9] years; 64 Black patients [15.3%]; 272 [65.2%] with a body mass index of ≥30) received VP and were matched with 1251 controls (mean [SD] age, 28.8 [5.7] years; 192 Black patients [15.3%]; 816 [65.2%] with a body mass index of ≥30). The overall rate of recurrent PTB was 24.0% (100 of 417; 95% CI, 20.0%-28.4%) for the VP cohort compared with 16.8% (1394 of 8278) expected in the matched historical controls. Adherence was not associated with lower rates of recurrent PTB compared with nonadherence (odds ratio, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.51-1.41]). The mean difference between historical matched controls and those using VP was 0.2 weeks (95% CI, −1.4 to 1.0 weeks) without improvement in the interval of recurrent PTB after the implementation of VP ( P = .73). Progesterone blood levels for patients who were adherent compared with those who were nonadherent were not significantly different at either 24 or 32 weeks (24 weeks: 99 ng/mL [95% CI, 85-121 ng/mL] vs 104 ng/mL [95% CI, 89-125 ng/mL]; P = .16; 32 weeks: 200 ng/mL [95% CI, 171-242 ng/mL] vs 196 ng/mL [95% CI, 155-271 ng/mL]; P = .69). Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study of patients with a current singleton pregnancy suggests that VP was not associated with a reduction in recurrent PTB.
Characteristics of Medicaid Policies for Children With Medical Complexity by State
Authors: Jennifer D. Kusma, Matthew M. Davis, Carolyn Foster
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance Families of children with medical complexity (CMC) report barriers to accessing affordable coverage for the full range of services their children may need to optimize their health outcomes. Medicaid enrollment through medical need–based eligibility mechanisms can help cover these service gaps. Understanding state-by-state variation in how CMC access Medicaid may allow policy makers and pediatricians to help families navigate needed services for CMC. Objective To clarify how eligibility and coverage for CMC differ for Medicaid beneficiaries across states with different policies and managed care penetration. Design, Setting, and Participants This qualitative study used semistructured interviews with state Medicaid representatives from 23 states and Washington, DC, from February 1, 2020, to March 1, 2021. Enrollment pathways and coverage processes were discussed. Interviews were transcribed and content analysis was performed. Participants included Medicaid directors, a designee, or a state-identified policy leader with expertise in and/or responsibility for child-focused programs. Exposures State variation in Medicaid eligibility and delivery policies. Main Outcomes and Measures Eligibility pathways and coverage mechanisms for CMC in each state. Results A total of 43 informants from 23 states and Washington, DC, participated, which permitted data collection regarding almost half of the US. Four distinct eligibility pathways were characterized, with 3 specific to CMC, and the pathways that include the presence of waiting lists were distinguished. In addition, 3 coverage types at the state level were identified, consisting of fee-for-service, Medicaid managed care, or both. Two main connections between pathways and coverage mechanisms for CMC were described. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this qualitative study suggest that state patterns in Medicaid eligibility and coverage for CMC have implications for access, including some states with substantial waiting periods for these families. Future work is needed to understand the implications of these differential Medicaid medical need–based eligibility pathways and subsequent coverage mechanisms on use of health care resources and expenditures, as well as considerations regarding challenges families of CMC face due to state-by-state variation.