tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bowel Perforation
Authors: Richard A. Krebs
Journal: JAMA (1966)

PERITONEAL dialysis is a useful therapeutic procedure especially in the average hospital which lacks adequate facilities for hemodialysis. Although intermittent peritoneal dialysis is being used more frequently, its therapeutic potentials and complications are still being evaluated. The use of a polyethylene cannula to provide extended access to the peritoneal cavity has become popular. The following case illustrates the problem of bowel perforation, a catastrophic event probably related to the prolonged use of this type of instrument. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 54-year-old night watchman first entered the hospital with symptoms of uremia. He was quite anemic (hematocrit value, 16%) and had a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) value of 144 mg/100 ml. His creatinine clearance was found to be 8.8 ml/min and a urine culture grew nonlactose fermenters greater than 10,000/cu mm. Pyelographic studies revealed minimal calicectasis, slight dilatation of the right renal pelvis and ureter, and bilaterally small kidneys. The
Risk of Vascular Disease in Women
Authors: Diana B. Petitti
Journal: JAMA (1979)

We investigated the relation in women of various factors to risk of myocardial infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage, other strokes, and venous thromboembolism. Smoking significantly increased risk of all four diseases, whereas oral contraceptive use was associated with an increase only in risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage and venous thromboembolism. Use of noncontraceptive estrogens was not associated with increased risk of any of these diseases. Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, gallbladder disease, and nondrinking of alcohol were all associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction, whereas only hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were associated with increased risk of other strokes. Cigarette smoking was overwhelmingly the most important risk factor for vascular disease in women. Smoking should be considered a contraindication to oral contraceptive use, or at the very least, women wishing to use oral contraceptives should be strongly urged not to smoke. (<i>JAMA</i>242:1150-1154, 1979)
Evaluation of Skin-Fold Measurements and Weight Chart to Measure Body Fat
Authors: Guy H. Crook
Journal: JAMA (1966)

A simple determination of percent body fat would enhance the physician's ability to advise on weight control. The estimation of percent fat from (1) radioactive potassium levels, (2) height-weight measurements, (3) skinfold measurements on the scapula, and (4) skin-fold measurements on the triceps was compared statistically for 235 males. A nearly optimum estimate of percent fat was obtained by averaging the estimates of percent fat from the scapula skin-fold measurement and the heightweight measurement. The interval defined by this average ± 6.3% will contain the true percent fat for the individual about 95 out of 100 times.
Hypophosphatemia Mimicking Acute Guillain-Barré-Strohl Syndrome
Authors: Michael I. Weintraub
Journal: JAMA (1976)

PARENTERAL hyperalimentation has been a lifesaving form of therapy in nutritionally depleted and debilitated patients. Dudrick and his associates<sup>1</sup>devised this technique whereby high-caloric solutions of glucose, protein hydrolysates, and other nutrients are infused through a subclavian catheter into patients who are unable to take nutrition via the gastrointestinal tract. Growth and development have been safely achieved over long periods of time in both infants<sup>2</sup>and adults.<sup>3</sup> With the widespread acceptance of this form of therapy, greater interest has centered on the importance of maintaining the trace metal elements. This is reflected in the fact that they can be depleted within a four- to ten-day period if no replacement occurs.<sup>4-6</sup>This aspect is of extreme clinical importance to the neurologist because invariably, neurological symptoms and signs develop. The following case report describes the development of hypophosphatemia as a complication of parenteral hyperalimentation that produced a syndrome
Once More, With Feeding
Authors: Philip L. White
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The difficulties of feeding free-living research subjects is illustrated once again in a study by Sacks et al reported in this issue (p 640). The object was to observe the effects on blood lipids and blood pressure (BP) from feeding beef to vegetarians. Vegetarians, who usually exhibit low plasma cholesterol levels and BP, should be ideal subjects for the study of the isolated effect of eating beef. The difficulties encountered, however, nicely illustrate the problems produced when dissimilar food items are exchanged in control and experimental diets. Four recent studies,<sup>1-4</sup>in addition to that of Sacks et al, explored the effects of meat or other animal products on plasma cholesterol. The experimental conditions differed among all of the studies. Two studies<sup>1,4</sup>other than that of Sacks et al suggest a hypercholesterolemic effect of meat or other animal products, while two do not.<sup>2,3</sup>Examination of each study may
Immunodiffusion Techniques in Clinical Medicine
Authors: Kingdon Lou
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Progress in protein chemistry made during the ten years has resulted in the preparation of well-defined human plasma proteins and, consequently, of highly specific antiserums to the proteins. The most important contribution during recent years to quantitation of serum protein components has been development of the single diffusion type of precipitin reaction. The term "radial immunodiffusion" is applied to a system in which the antibody is incorporated in the agar and the gel spread out on a surface with the antigen diffusing radially, starting from a circular reservoir. The diameter of the precipitin zone formed is directly proportional to the amount of antigen present in the test serum, and inversely proportional to the concentration of antibody incorporated in the agar gel. Mancini contributed handsomely to this technique with kinetic studies of the system. By standardizing the technical conditions of the test, one can utilize this principle for immunochemical quantitation of
<i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> GG ameliorates osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats by regulating the Th17/Treg balance and gut microbiota structure
Authors: Mengyu Guo, Huanjin Liu, Yinting Yu, Xingyu Zhu, Hui Xie, Chenxu Wei, Chunmei Mei, Yun Shi, Nong Zhou, Kunming Qin, Weidong Li
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

Background With increasing knowledge about the gut – bone axis, more studies for treatments based on the regulation of postmenopausal osteoporosis by gut microbes are being conducted. Based on our previous work, this study was conducted to further investigate the therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on ovariectomized (OVX) model rats and the immunological and microecological mechanisms involved.Results We found a protective effect of LGG treatment in OVX rats through changes in bone microarchitecture, bone biomechanics, and CTX-I, PINP, Ca, and RANKL expression levels. LGG was more advantageous in promoting osteogenesis, which may be responsible for the alleviation of osteoporosis. Th17 cells were imbalanced with Treg cells in mediastinal lymph nodes and bone marrow, with RORγt and FOXP3 expression following a similar trend. TNF-α and IL-17 expression in colon and bone marrow increased, while TGF-β and IL-10 expression decreased; however, LGG treatment modulated these changes and improved the Th17/Treg balance significantly. Regarding the intestinal barrier, we found that LGG treatment ameliorated estrogen deficiency-induced inflammation and mucosal damage and increased the expression of GLP-2 R and tight junction proteins. Importantly, 16S rRNA sequencing showed a significant increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio during estrogen deficiency. Dominant intestinal flora showed significant differences in composition; LGG treatment regulated the various genera that were imbalanced in OVX, along with modifying those that did not change significantly in other groups with respect to the intestinal barrier, inflammation development, and bile acid metabolism.Conclusions Overall, LGG ameliorated estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis by regulating the gut microbiome and intestinal barrier and stimulating Th17/Treg balance in gut and bone.
Periodontitis exacerbates atherosclerosis through <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>-promoted hepatic glycolysis and lipogenesis
Authors: Lu-Jun Zhou, Wen-Zhen Lin, Xiao-Qian Meng, Hong Zhu, Ting Liu, Lin-Juan Du, Xue-Bing Bai, Bo-Yan Chen, Yan Liu, Yuanzhi Xu, Yufeng Xie, Rong Shu, Fa-Ming Chen, Ya-Qin Zhu, Sheng-Zhong Duan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2023)

Positive associations between periodontitis (PD) and atherosclerosis have been established, but the causality and mechanisms are not clear. We aimed to explore the causal roles of PD in atherosclerosis and dissect the underlying mechanisms.A mouse model of PD was established by ligation of molars in combination with application of subgingival plaques collected from PD patients and then combined with atherosclerosis model induced by treating atheroprone mice with a high-cholesterol diet (HCD). PD significantly aggravated atherosclerosis in HCD-fed atheroprone mice, including increased en face plaque areas in whole aortas and lesion size at aortic roots. PD also increased circulating levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, hepatic levels of cholesterol, and hepatic expression of rate-limiting enzymes for lipogenesis. Using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, Fusobacterium nucleatum was identified as the most enriched PD-associated pathobiont that is present in both the oral cavity and livers. Co-culture experiments demonstrated that F. nucleatum directly stimulated lipid biosynthesis in primary mouse hepatocytes. Moreover, oral inoculation of F. nucleatum markedly elevated plasma levels of triglycerides and cholesterol and promoted atherogenesis in HCD-fed ApoE-/- mice. Results of RNA-seq and Seahorse assay indicated that F. nucleatum activated glycolysis, inhibition of which by 2-deoxyglucose in turn suppressed F. nucleatum-induced lipogenesis in hepatocytes. Finally, interrogation of the molecular mechanisms revealed that F. nucleatum-induced glycolysis and lipogenesis by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway in hepatocytes.PD exacerbates atherosclerosis and impairs lipid metabolism in mice, which may be mediated by F. nucleatum-promoted glycolysis and lipogenesis through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling in hepatocytes. Treatment of PD and specific targeting of F. nucleatum are promising strategies to improve therapeutic effectiveness of hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis.
Therapeutic potential of <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> anticancer effects in colorectal cancer
Authors: Hui Xu, Haidan Luo, Jiayu Zhang, Kai Li, Mong-Hong Lee
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

Probiotic roles of Clostridium butyricum (C.B) are involved in regulating disease and cancers, yet the mechanistic basis for these regulatory roles remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that C.B reprograms the proliferation, migration, stemness, and tumor growth in CRC by regulating pivotal signal molecules including MYC. Destabilization of MYC by C.B supplementation suppresses cancer cell proliferation/metastasis, sensitizes 5-FU treatment, and boosts responsiveness of anti-PD1 therapy. MYC is a transcriptional regulator of Thymidylate synthase (TYMS), a key target of the 5-FU. Also MYC is known to impact on PD-1 expression. Mechanistically, C.B treatment of CRC cells results in MYC degradation by enhancing proteasome-mediated ubiquitination, thereby mitigating MYC-mediated 5-FU resistance and boosting anti-PD1 immunotherapeutic efficacy. Together, our findings uncover previously unappreciated links between C.B and CRC cell signaling, providing insight into the tumorigenesis modulating mechanisms of C.B in boosting chemo/immune therapies.
Nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine plus camrelizumab and radiotherapy versus nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine alone for locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Shuling Chen, Jiaxin Li, Aoran Dong, Zelong Liu, Meiyan Zhu, Meng Jin, Guangyan Wei, Shuang Wu, Yan Wang, Yong Chen, Zhenwei Peng
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2023)

Abstract Treatment options specifically for patients with locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (LAPC) are scare and chemotherapy alone delivers limited efficacy. Immunotherapy and radiotherapy are potential effective treatments for LAPC, and both of them may synergize with chemotherapy. Therefore, in this prospective cohort study, we compared the efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine combined with anti-programmed cell death (PD-1) immunotherapy and radiotherapy (hereafter, combination treatment) versus nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (chemotherapy alone) in the treatment of LAPC. In the combination group, participants received conventional fractionated radiotherapy with doses ranging from 54 to 63 Gy in 28 fractions, intravenous camrelizumab 200 mg once every 3 weeks, and intravenous nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine on day 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle for eight cycles until disease progression, death or unacceptable toxicity. In the chemotherapy group, participants received intravenous nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine on day 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle for eight cycles. From April, 2020 to December, 2021, 96 participants with LAPC were prospectively enrolled with 32 received combination treatment and 64 received chemotherapy alone at a single center. The combination treatment yielded significantly longer median overall-survival (22.3 months vs. 18.6 months, P = 0.031) and progression-free survival (12.0 months vs. 10.5 months, P = 0.043) than chemotherapy alone did. And the incidence of severe adverse events was not significantly different between the combination group and chemotherapy group ( P = 0.856). In conclusion, nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine combined with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and radiotherapy was effective and safe for LAPC patients, and it warrants further investigation in larger randomized trials.
Disulfide‐Bridged Dendritic Organosilicas‐Based Biodegradable Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Multiple Targeting and pH/Redox‐Responsive Drug Release toward Chemical/Photodynamic Synergistic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Shiwei Liu, Shuang Han, Yuzhuo Song, Ruonan Sun, Le Zhao, Chen Yan
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract In this study, a sialic acid (SA) and transferrin (TF) imprinted biodegradable disulfide bridging organosilicas‐based drug delivery system (SS‐DMONS/DOX‐Ce6@MIPs) for targeted cancer therapy is constructed, for the first time. Disulfide bridged dendritic mesoporous organosilicas nanoparticles (SS‐DMONs) not only enhance drug loading as the drug repository, but also provide enough specific surface area for the molecular imprinting shell to expose more degradation and imprinted sites on the surface. In addition, SS can be disturbed in a highly reducing tumor microenvironment to achieve degradation. The biodegradable imprinting film, prepared with customized 2‐amino‐ N ‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenethyl)‐3‐mercaptopropanamide and 4‐mercaptophenylboronic acid as functional monomers, endows SS‐DMONs with active targeting capacity, and responsive drug release through degradation under acidic and highly reductive tumor microenvironment. SS‐DMONS/DOX‐Ce6@MIPs after binding of TF can target tumor cells actively through multiple interactions, including the affinity between antigen and antibody, and the specific recognition between molecularly imprinted polymers and template molecules. Under laser irradiation the loaded chlorin e6 (Ce6) that can produce toxic reactive oxygen, combined with the doxorubicin (DOX), achieves chemical/photodynamic synergistic anticancer effects. SS‐DMONS/DOX‐Ce6@MIPs present excellent tumor targeting and dual‐responsive drug release, which provides an effective strategy for chemical/photodynamic antitumor therapy.
Incomplete Information in Table
Authors: Carol Mangione, Wanda Nicholson, James Stevermer, Gerald Gartlehner
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Gerald Gartlehner, MD, MPH; Sheila V. Patel, PhD; Shivani Reddy, MD, MS; Caroline Rains, MPH; Manny Schwimmer, MPH; Leila Kahwati, MD, MPH
Mildly Hypercalcemic
Authors: Eve Rittenberg
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hormone Therapy for the Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Persons
Authors: Margaret Nachtigall, Richard Nachtigall, Lila Nachtigall
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The translational landscape of human vascular smooth muscle cells identifies novel short open reading frame-encoded peptide regulators for phenotype alteration
Authors: Kang Li, Bin Li, Dihua Zhang, Tailai Du, Huimin Zhou, Gang Dai, Youchen Yan, Nailin Gao, Xiaodong Zhuang, Xinxue Liao, Chen Liu, Yugang Dong, Demeng Chen, Liang-Hu Qu, Jingsong Ou, Jian-Hua Yang, Zhan-Peng Huang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2023)

The plasticity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) enables them to alter phenotypes under various physiological and pathological stimuli. The alteration of VSMC phenotype is a key step in vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. Although the transcriptome shift during VSMC phenotype alteration has been intensively investigated, uncovering multiple key regulatory signalling pathways, the translatome dynamics in this cellular process, remain largely unknown. Here, we explored the genome-wide regulation at the translational level of human VSMCs during phenotype alteration.We generated nucleotide-resolution translatome and transcriptome data from human VSMCs undergoing phenotype alteration. Deep sequencing of ribosome-protected fragments (Ribo-seq) revealed alterations in protein synthesis independent of changes in messenger ribonucleicacid levels. Increased translational efficiency of many translational machinery components, including ribosomal proteins, eukaryotic translation elongation factors and initiation factors were observed during the phenotype alteration of VSMCs. In addition, hundreds of candidates for short open reading frame-encoded polypeptides (SEPs), a class of peptides containing 200 amino acids or less, were identified in a combined analysis of translatome and transcriptome data with a high positive rate in validating their coding capability. Three evolutionarily conserved SEPs were further detected endogenously by customized antibodies and suggested to participate in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by analysing the transcriptome and single cell RNA-seq data from patient atherosclerotic artery samples. Gain- and loss-of-function studies in human VSMCs and genetically engineered mice showed that these SEPs modulate the alteration of VSMC phenotype through different signalling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and p53 pathway.Our study indicates that an increase in the capacity of translation, which is attributable to an increased quantity of translational machinery components, mainly controls alterations of VSMC phenotype at the level of translational regulation. In addition, SEPs could function as important regulators in the phenotype alteration of human VSMCs.
Sustained‐Drug‐Release, Strong, and Anti‐Swelling Water‐Lipid Biphasic Hydrogels Prepared via Digital Light Processing 3D Printing for Protection against Osteoarthritis: Demonstration in a Porcine Model
Authors: Guocheng Ding, Yangyang He, Yuanyuan Shi, Maihemuti Maimaitimin, Xin Zhang, Hongjie Huang, Wei Huang, Ran Yu, Jianquan Wang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Osteoarthritis is a serious disease affecting joint cartilage. Owing to poor blood supply, the meniscus and acetabular labrum of joints heal poorly after injury. However, the development of artificial alternatives to these components that have similar mechanical properties and cartilage-protection ability is challenging. In this study, a strong hydrogel with a biomimetic microstructure is prepared with an emulsion-type photosensitive resin, where both hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers, photo-initiator, and drugs can be adopted. In this system, the hydrophobic monomer forms uniformly dispersed aggregates after curing, improving the mechanical properties of the hydrogel significantly. Furthermore, the coordination bonds between nontoxic Zr4+ cations and sulfonic acid groups prevent hydrogel swelling. In addition, the water-oil biphasic hydrogel ink enables the loading of water- and lipid-soluble drugs, yielding hydrogel scaffolds with sustained dual-drug release ability. Crucially, hydrogel scaffolds having excellent mechanical properties, low swelling, and sustained biphasic drug release ability can be prepared using digital light processing 3D printing technology, owing to the high curing rate of the hydrophobic photo-initiator. These hydrogel scaffolds are applied as meniscal and labral replacements in a porcine model and show great promise for the prevention of secondary osteoarthritis, demonstrating the broad potential clinical applications of this material.