tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New Era for Acute Stroke Treatment
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

ADVANCES in the acute treatment of stroke are driving some major changes in its management. The ultimate goal, now deemed within reach, is a significant reduction in the neurologic deficit that is frequently the sequel to acute stroke: the patient survives but is severely incapacitated. At the National Symposium on Rapid Identification and Treatment of Acute Stroke, held last month by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, Md, some new directions emerged. One speaker cited the recommendations of the Pan-European Consensus Meeting on Stroke Management held in Helsingborg, Sweden, in November 1995 as goals that could be usefully adopted by the United States. They include the following: • To reduce the fatality rate in stroke patients who survive acute stroke to below 20%; • To reduce the mortality rate from recurrent vascular events, including myocardial infarction, to less than 40% in the first 2 years after
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Constitutively active oncogenic RAS mutations are found in many cancers.However, KRAS mutations are also found in normal tissues, especially those from older individuals.It appears that expression of oncogenic RAS at physiologic levels does not usually lead to cancer.Cells with RAS mutations seem to be predisposed to further elevations in RAS activity, and this increase in activity of the mutated gene causes pathologic changes in the tissue.However, the factors that increase mutant RAS activity are not understood.Daniluk and colleagues hypothesized that inflammatory stimuli may accelerate malignancies induced by oncogenic RAS by potentiating RAS signaling.They found that inflammatory stimuli induce transient RAS signaling in cells with wild-type RAS but induce higher and more prolonged RAS, NF-kB, and COX-2 activity in cells expressing oncogenic KRAS.Using mice that express oncogenic KRAS in pancreatic cells, they found that precancerous PanIN lesions were increased by inflammatory stimuli.The authors concluded that, in tissues where cells have already acquired KRAS mutations, inflammatory stimuli trigger an NF-kB-mediated positive feedback mechanism involving COX-2 that amplifies RAS activity to levels seen in many cancer cells.RAS mutations are found in many otherwise apparently normal cells from the lung, pancreas, colon, or other sites, and 20% of all stool samples show evidence of RAS-mutated cells.These data may help to explain why some chronic bacterial infections increase cancer incidence, and also why anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin have cancer-preventative properties.
Hospital-Acquired Serum Hepatitis
Authors: Richard A. Garibaldi
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Eleven persons who had previously been patients in a community hospital in Cook County, Illinois, had onset of serum hepatitis in May, June, and July 1969. Three months before developing hepatitis, all 11 had been hospitalized on the same ward and cared for by a nurse who was late in the incubation period of serum hepatitis. The 11 hepatitis patients had no unique exposures to hepatotoxic drugs, blood transfusions, contaminated foods or water, or other hepatitis cases. However, they had been given more inoculations by the infected nurse than did a comparison group of patients selected from the same ward. Although no obvious breaks in aseptic technique were found, it seems likely that the virus was spread from nurse to patients by either parenteral or oral contact. The exact route of transmission, however, was not established.
Pancuronium Bromide Side Effects
Authors: L. R. Beam
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Pancuronium bromide, a new muscle relaxant used mostly in surgical procedures the past five years, was recently administered for status asthmaticus (222:1265, 1972). This report, others, and the package insert indicate insignificant cardiovascular effects with the use of pancuronium. Yet other reports are contrary, the controversy being unresolved probably due to varying experimental conditions.<sup>1-4</sup>On Dec 6, 1972, we administered 4 mg of pancuronium bromide (0.2 mg/kg) to a 7-yearold, 22-kg boy with status asthmaticus and respiratory failure treated by controlled respiration. Within three minutes the heart rate, monitored by telemetry and confirmed clinically, increased from 150 to 210 beats per minute, not stabilizing at or below the prepancuronium rate for 17 hours. Increment doses of 2 mg were required hourly through 19 hours, then reduced to 1 mg or less. The patient recovered without apparent complication after 55 hours of controlled respiration. We believe it
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 4, 15 February 1995, Pages 255–256, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.4.255 Published: 15 February 1995
Continuing Medical Education
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New and Nonofficial Remedies, 1930.
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Surgical Management of Retroperitoneal Tumors with Vena Cavai Thrombus in the Inferior Cava Using Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Arrested Circulation and Profound Hypothermia
Authors: F.I. (a) Rodriguez-Rubio, J.I. (a) Abad, G. (a) Sanz, F. (a) Diez-Caballero, A.(a) Martin-Marquina, D. (a) Rosell, J.E. (a) Robles, J.J. (a) Zudaire, R. (b) Lorens, J.M. (a) Beriàn
Journal: European Urology (1997)
Accuracy of Fecal Occult Blood Screening for Colorectal Neoplasia
Authors: David A. Ahlquist
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objectives.</h3> —To define the validity of fecal blood as a marker for colorectal neoplasia in the screening setting and to compare yields by Hemoccult and HemoQuant fecal occult blood screening tests. <h3>Design.</h3> —A multicenter masked comparison of fecal blood test results against structural colorectal evaluations and longitudinal follow-up, serving as criterion standards, in nonreferred subjects at risk for colorectal neoplasia. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Communities, primary care centers, referral centers. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Two groups: (1) 1217 patients aged at least 18 years undergoing routine structural surveillance evaluations following curative resection of a colorectal tumor and (2) 12312 relatives of colorectal cancer patients aged at least 50 years. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Blinded Hemoccult II and HemoQuant testing on three mailedin stool samples per subject. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Sensitivity of fecal blood tests for colorectal neoplasia. <h3>Results.</h3> —In the postresection group, surveillance evaluations revealed 46 malignant colorectal neoplasms and 402 polyps. At matched specificity, sensitivity of either test for cancer was 26% (95% confidence interval, 13% to 39%). Hemoccult was positive in 21% of intraluminal recurrences, 33% of all new primary tumors, and 29% of Dukes A or B cancers; HemoQuant was elevated in 24%, 28%, and 29%, respectively. Sensitivity for polyps 1.0 cm or larger was 13% by Hemoccult and 11% by HemoQuant. In the group of relatives, estimated sensitivity for cancer at 1 to 3 years of follow-up was 25% to 33% by Hemoccult, not significantly different from the 29% to 43% by HemoQuant. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Based on our observations in the screening setting, fecal blood appears to be a poor marker for colorectal neoplasia. Most cancers and the vast majority of polyps will be missed. Hemoccult and HemoQuant are similarly insensitive. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:1262-1267)
Postcholestatic alkaline phosphatase activity after relief of bile duct obstruction in the rat
Authors: Ana Maria Wielandt, Margarita Pizarro, Nancy Solis, Marco Arrese, Luigi Accatino
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The effects of obstructive cholestasis on the activity of alkaline phosphatase have been extensively studied in serum and liver tissue. However, very little is known about the activity of this enzyme in the postcholestatic condition after relief of the biliary obstruction. The purpose of this study has been to characterize alkaline phosphatase activity in serum, liver and bile in the postcholestatic period and to relate it to changes in bile acid secretory rate. Serum activity and biliary secretory rates of alkaline phosphatase were markedly increased in rats subjected to a reversible obstructive cholestasis for 24 hr or 48 hr and progressively declined along the postcholestatic period to values not significantly different from those of control rats within 48 hr. A significant direct linear relationship between the biliary secretory rates of enzyme activity and bile salts was apparent both in cholestatic groups and in the control groups. The slope of the regression line (units of alkaline phosphatase secreted per micromole of bile salts) was 1.5-fold to 3-fold higher in cholestatic animals. Remarkably, a positive y-intercept of regression lines suggested that a significant fraction of the enzyme was secreted independently of bile salts; this fraction was 18-fold and 34-fold greater in 24-hr and 48-hr cholestatic rats, respectively, compared with that in controls. Sodium taurocholate administered intravenously, either as a bolus or as an infusion at increasing submaximal rates, resulted in parallel increases of bile salt and alkaline phosphatase secretory rates into bile. The enzyme activity secreted per micromole of taurocholate was significantly greater in cholestatic than in control rats. In the liver tissue, increased homogenate and canalicular membrane alkaline phosphatase activity in 24-hr cholestatic rats progressively decreased to reach control values 48 hr after relief of biliary obstruction. This study demonstrates that a marked increase of alkaline phosphatase secretion into bile occurs in the postcholestatic condition. It presents further evidence for bile acid dependency of this process and demonstrates that more enzyme is secreted per micromole of bile salt in the postobstructive condition, probably related to the increased enzyme content in the liver and to an increased lability of the canalicular membrane enzyme to the solubilizing effect of secreted bile acids in cholestatic rats. In addition, this study suggests that alkaline phosphatase might be normally secreted into bile by another process independent of bile salts, which appears to be quantitatively more important in cholestatic than in control rats. (Hepatology 1993;18:179-187).
Heart Disease, Its Diagnosis and Treatment.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1951)

At one time the organic basis for a patient's symptoms could be established only at the post-mortem examination.The trend in modern medicine and surgery, however, is to study the living patient more and more intensely in order to understand not only his symptoms but the way in which normal physiological and biochemical processes have broken down, for disease is coming increasingly to be thought of as a disordered physiology in which the compensatory mech- anisms have been overstrained."Chapters II to VIII describe the essential present-day information concerning the basic chemical structure of the body: Carbohydrates, lipids, the proteins, nucleic acids and nucleoproteins, enzymes, water, and minerals.Chapters IX to XXI, XXV, and XXXII to XXXIV, inclusive are devoted to foods and vitamins, transport, digestion, absorption and metabolism of foods and respiration and biological oxidations and reductions.The remaining portions of the book are devoted to circulation, excretion, locomotion, sensation and reflex centers, functions of different parts of the central and autonomic nervous systems, the endocrine glands, reproduction, heredity, growth and senility.The text is profusely illustrated with tables, charts, drawings, photographs and photomicrographs.It is remarkable how much important information is to be found in this relatively small volume and how successfully the material has been organized and presented, not only for teaching those whao approach the subject for the first time, but also for those who would use the book for reference.It is well indexed.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Non–small cell lung carcinoma patients harboring activating EGF receptor (EGFR) mutations, e.g., exon 19 deletions, are best treated using tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as erlotinib, rather than cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, identifying these patients is difficult because representative tumor samples are required and are often not available. In this study, Bahce and colleagues used radiolabeled erlotinib, [11C]erlotinib, and positron emission tomography to study tracer pharmacokinetic modeling in patients, and found that [11C]erlotinib showed higher volume of distribution, reflecting higher uptake in tumors with EGFR exon 19 deletions than in tumors without. [11C]erlotinib shows promise as an in vivo imaging biomarker to identify patients who may benefit from erlotinib treatment.Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a common form of lung cancer and is associated with very unsatisfactory survival rates. In this report, Wojtalla and colleagues show that the catalytic p110α isoform is overexpressed in a subset of primary SCLC samples. The growth of SCLC cells was impaired on targeting p110α using RNA interference or specific pharmacologic inhibitors. Inhibition of p110α also induced apoptosis by decreasing the expression levels of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. Importantly, SCLC tumors treated with p110α inhibitors displayed reduced proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in vivo. Specific p110α inhibitors may in the future represent new drugs for SCLC.Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) overactivation has been involved in resistance to anticancer targeted agents. Rosa and colleagues investigated its role in lack of response to the anti–EGF receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody cetuximab in colorectal cancer. In preclinical models with intrinsic or acquired resistance, SphK1 inhibition, through different approaches including the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor antagonist fingolimod, restored sensitivity to cetuximab. A correlation between SphK1 expression and cetuximab response was found in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. These data support SphK1 inhibition as a part of novel therapeutic strategies to be tested for colorectal cancer patients resistant to anti-EGFR drugs.The azurophil granule protease cathepsin G is overexpressed in myeloid leukemia and plays an important role in leukemogenesis. Zhang and colleagues investigated the role of cathepsin G as a novel immunotherapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). CG1 (FLLPTGAEA), a naturally processed HLA-A*0201 restricted peptide derived from cathepsin G, was identified on the surface of AML and was found to elicit potent immunity against primary AML blasts. In addition, an immune response targeting CG1 was detected in AML patients following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Therefore, targeting cathepsin G using immunotherapeutic approaches seems promising in the treatment of AML.
Rx: Traveling Museum Exhibit to Be Taken Ad Lib
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

A UNIQUE museum exhibition of the past, present, and future of pharmaceuticals is touring the United States to boost the public's understanding of medicine and inspire the next generation of medical scientists. The traveling exhibition,<i>Medicines: The Inside Story</i>, is now at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago, Ill, where it will remain through May before moving to the California Museum of Science and Industry in Los Angeles. Using state-of-the-art multimedia technology, the exhibit takes visitors on a journey through 5 generations of pharmaceutical development to improve their understanding of what a medication is and how it works inside the body, says Elliott Sogol, PhD, RPh, project coordinator and corporate liaison for Glaxo Wellcome, Inc, the Research Triangle Park, NC—based pharmaceutical company that is sponsoring the project. The exhibit also features the most extensive display of artifacts ever assembled to chronicle the history of pharmaceuticals, explain present use,
Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Thomas J. Bassler
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Kannel rightly criticizes our "virtually motionless" society (227:338, 1974); however, he endorses a "moderate" approach to exercise when Morris has shown that exercise must be vigorous to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).<sup>1</sup> The vigorous exercise prescriptions advocated by rehabilitation centers in Toronto and Honolulu have produced a new level of fitness in men recovering from myocardial infarction. Several of these men have been running the 42-km marathon.<sup>2</sup>The life style of a marathon runner has few risk factors and there has never been a documented CHD death among finishers (223:1391, 1973). I think that the vigorous program should be available for those patients who have progressed through the usual moderate stages of rehabilitation. Fortunately, there are cardiologists who are marathon runners themselves. Patients can turn to these men when they are ready to adopt the life style of a marathoner. Only time
Influenza Activity—United States, 1992-93
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

T-cell based immunotherapy seems to be a promising approach as a new treatment for multiple myeloma. Fichtner and colleagues evaluated an impact of immunosuppression and antigen-expression on the development of specific CD8+ T-cell responses against CTA in patients with plasmacell-dyscrasias. The antigen-specific immunoresponses correlated with the expression of the antigen and an early stage of disease. In conclusion, T-cell-based immunotherapy might be performed in an early stage of disease, where the tumor-associated immunosuppression is low and a prophylactic immune response against antigens that were not yet expressed might be possible to establish.Oxidative stress rescue mechanisms have the potential to increase cancer susceptibility, cause chemoresistance, and affect outcome. Despite being a regulator of the main mediator of the redox stress response, NRF2, the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) has not been extensively studied in breast cancer. Hartikainen and colleagues report associations of KEAP1 gene SNPs with breast cancer risk and survival. In addition to being associated with increased breast cancer risk, the investigated polymorphisms modified the effects of radiotherapy and tamoxifen treatment on patient survival. The knowledge of the involvement of NRF2 pathway in BC lays ground to its translation in clinical use.Natural killer cell lymphomas (NKCLs) are rare but aggressive neoplasms, and little is known concerning the pathogenesis. Küçük and colleagues performed a global analysis of DNA methylation and identified a set of genes recurrently transcriptionally silenced through aberrant promoter hypermethylation. The list is enriched in previously reported tumor-suppressor genes. Many of these genes may contribute to neoplastic transformation by deregulating critical functions such as NK-cell activation/homeostasis and apoptosis. For example, BIM is frequently silenced and its reactivation leads to cell death and increased chemosensitivity in NKCLs. Another interesting finding is the frequent promoter methylation of asparagine synthetase that may predict sensitivity to asparaginase treatment, suggesting the possibility of adjustment in asparaginase containing chemotherapeutic regimens.HGF/MET signaling is frequently activated in human colorectal cancer (CRC) and the mechanism by which the activation of this pathway is not fully elucidated. By using immunohistochemistry, Liu and colleagues found that decreased BATF2 correlates with tumor progression and poor CRC patient prognosis as well as MET expression. In vitro, BATF2 downregulates MET expression through its interaction with c-Jun/AP-1. MET inhibitors in combination with IFN-β produce a synergistic cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. This study suggests that IFNs, as an adjuvant in combination with MET inhibitors, may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for CRC patients.