tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endobronchial actinomycosis
Authors: K Dalhoff, S Wallner, C Finck, S Gatermann, KJ Wiessmann
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

A 63-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with obstructive pneumonia. The chest X-ray film and computed tomogram showed an infiltrative shadow in the right lower lung field. Examination with a fiberoptic bronchoscope showed a mass in the right basal bronchus. These findings suggested the diagnosis of lung cancer with obstructive pneumonia. Histopathological examination of a specimen obtained by transbronchial biopsy revealed sulfur granules with infiltration of neutrophils, which led to the diagnosis of endobronchial actinomycosis. After three months of treatment with penicillin, the mass disappeared. Comparison of bronchoscopic findings before and after penicillin treatment clearly showed the efficacy of therapy.
Surprise Struma
Authors: THOMAS R. POUNDS, ROBERT S. HATTNER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A 53-year-old woman with a long history of severe systemic lupus erythematosus immunosuppressed by therapeutic glucocorticosteroid therapy became febrile and severely ill. History and physical examination failed to indicate a source of infection. Cultures of body fluids were obtained and blood cultures grew Aspergillls nigricans; broad spectrum antibacterial and antifungal antibiosis was begun. An ln-111 WBC scan showed thyroid localization, and a CT scan showed a goiter with multiple thyroid abscesses. Needle aspiration culture material from the thyroid was sterile by microscopy and culture. The patient recovered uneventfully. The specific micro biologic etiology of her suppurative thyroiditis was never established.
Cancer Mortality in a Human Isolate&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Alice O. Martin, Judith K. Dunn, Joe L. Simpson, Carolyn L. Olsen, Sam Kernel, Michael Grace, Sherman Elias, Gloria E. Sarto, Bion Smalley, Arthur G. Steinberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Cancer mortality (1965–77) among 12,652 members of an inbred human religious isolate, the Hutterites, was compared with expectations based on mortality rates for the U.S. white population in 1970. Overall, Hutterites had significantly fewer deaths from cancer than expected (P<0.01), due primarily to fewer lung cancers among males. Smoking is prohibited for this religious group. The most frequent types of cancers were leukemia and cancers of the digestive system, the prostate gland, and the female breast. Preliminary results suggest an association between recessive alleles and childhood leukemia. More stomach and rectal cancers were observed than expected, but differences were generally not significant. Familial aggregates of cancers of the stomach and breast are being investigated. The low frequency of cervical cancer is consistent with current evidence for an association of cervical cancer with early age at first intercourse and promiscuity, neither of which is characteristic of this population.
Bar Soap and Liquid Soap
Authors: John E. Heinze
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I wish to respond to the recent advertisement by Minnetonka, Inc (1983;250:3007), which implies a health risk to users of bar soaps, a type of product used daily by millions of persons in their homes and by physicians and medical personnel in hundreds of hospitals and clinics. This advertisement is deceptive in four important regards. It implies that an independent study has recently been published. In fact the study,<sup>1</sup>which has been widely publicized in the press, has not been published and no publication date has yet been set (oral communication with the publishers of the Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology, and Oncology, March 1984). Moreover, the study was financed by Minnetonka, Inc (The Detroit News, Nov 7, 1983, pp 1A, 10A), and the principal investigator, a professor at the Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, holds a patent (US 4,067,997; Jan 10, 1978) on
Treatment of Renal Vein Thrombosis in the Newborn
Authors: Edwin E. Fraley
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We are writing to you with regard to the article by Belman et al, entitled "Non-operative Treatment of Unilateral Renal Vein Thrombosis in the Newborn" (<b>211</b>:1165,1970). This article calls attention to a very important problem, namely renal vein thrombosis in newborns. First, we would like to point out that the conclusions reached in this article were derived from an experience with seven cases but apparently in only two instances (cases 1 and 7) was the diagnosis of renal vein thrombosis proved. Second, of the cases reported, none were either proved or presumed to have had bilateral renal vein thrombosis. However, if we interpret the last paragraph of this report correctly, Dr. Belman recommended that bilateral renal vein thrombosis also should be treated conservatively since he stated "When bilateral renal vein thrombosis is suspected as the cause of renal failure, dialysis is justified as chances for return
Smoke Gets in Your Eyes Too
Authors: Ronald Klein
Journal: JAMA (1996)

AGE-RELATED macular degeneration is an important cause of loss of vision in older Americans.<sup>1-3</sup>The late stages of this disease have been estimated to be the cause of severe loss of vision (defined as 20/200 or worse in the better eye) in more than 230 000 people.<sup>4</sup>The early stages of the disease have been estimated to affect about 30% of individuals 75 years of age or older, and the late stages of the disease have been estimated to affect about 7%.<sup>5</sup> See also pp 1141 and 1147. The disease is characterized in its early form by the presence of large, soft, confluent drusen and pigmentary abnormalities.<sup>6-8</sup>At this stage, the visual acuity is usually normal.<sup>3</sup>Later in its course, it is characterized by the development of either a wet or dry form. The wet form (exudative macular degeneration) is manifest by the development of
Transformation of Hamster Embryo Cells &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt; by Rauscher Leukemia Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Hamster embryo cells were transformed in vitro by Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV). The hamster embryo cells first exhibited morphologic changes 6 weeks after inoculation. Foci of transformed cells consisted largely of small, tightly packed, epithelioid cells. A cell line of rapidly growing transformed cells was subsequently established and has been maintained in culture for over 10 months through more than 45 passages. During all this time the cultures yielded infectious virus and produced high titers of group-specific complement-fixing antigen characteristic of the murine leukemia-sarcoma virus complex. Cell-free supernatant fluids from the transformed cultures were infectious for mouse, rat, and hamster embryo cells. Tumors were produced when transformed cells were injected into hamsters. Cells derived from the tumors were reestablished in tissue culture. These cells also contained group-specific complement-fixing antigens and continuously released infectious virus which was typed as RLV. Transformation of hamster embryo cells by RLV was shown to be a reproducible phenomenon in the same system.
Guidelines for Surveillance, Prevention, and Control of West Nile Virus Infection--United States
Journal: JAMA (2000)

The introduction of West Nile (WN) virus in the northeastern United States during the summer and fall of 1999 raised the issue of preparedness of public health agencies to handle sporadic and outbreak-associated vector-borne diseases. In many local and state health departments, vector-borne disease capacity has diminished. Because it is unknown whether the virus can persist over the winter, whether it has already or will spread to new geographic locations, and the public health and animal health implications of this introduction, it is important to establish proactive laboratory-based surveillance and prevention and control programs to limit the impact of the virus in the United States. On November 8 and 9, 1999, CDC and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) cosponsored a meeting of experts representing a wide range of disciplines to review the outbreak and to provide input and guidance on the programs that should be developed to monitor WN virus activity and to prevent future outbreaks of disease. This report summarizes the guidelines established during this meeting.
Studying the Effects of the DRG-Basedn Prospective Payment System on Quality of Care
Authors: David Draper
Journal: JAMA (1990)

We have conducted a nationally representative before-after study of the effects of the diagnosis related groups—based prospective payment system (PPS) on quality of in-hospital care for aged Medicare patients. We used a pre-post design with multiple time points in both the pre-PPS (calendar years 1981 and 1982) and post-PPS (July 1985 through June 1986) periods. We gathered clinically detailed data from medical records of patients with one of six diseases and supplemented these data with postdischarge information from Health Care Financing Administration files. We used a stratified multistage cluster sampling design with data gathered on 16 758 patients chosen from 297 hospitals in 30 areas in five states. Our hospital participation rate was 97%; we successfully accessed 96% of the medical records we requested; and our mean item-level reliability score was 0.80. Our sample matches the nation closely on hospital urbanicity, size, teaching status, ownership, and percentages of Medicare and Medicaid patients, and patient demographics and mortality. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:1956-1961)
Widespread Adenocarcinoma of the Colon With Survival of 28 Years
Authors: Morton Glasser
Journal: JAMA (1979)

APPROXIMATELY 40% of the 75,000 patients each year in the United States with colorectal cancer have conditions that are inoperable at the time of diagnosis.<sup>1</sup>Long-term survival or spontaneous regression of the disease is rare. Everson and Cole<sup>2</sup>found only seven cases of spontaneous regression from 1900 to 1966. These patients were followed up for periods of three to 18 years. Four additional Cases<sup>3-5</sup>with survival of from nine to 14 years have since been reported. We describe a 64-year-old man who survived widespread metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon for 28 years. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> In June 1950, the patient, then 36 years old, was admitted to the Lawrence and Memorial Hospitals of New London, Conn, with periomphalic pain of one week's duration and intestinal obstruction. A laparotomy was performed on June 15, 1950; the operation report states: Lying in the lower portion of the ascending
Radioiodine-Labeled Antibody Test for the Detection of Membrane Antigens Associated With Epstein-Barr Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

A direct, single-label, radioiodinatcd, antiglobulin technique was used, with viable target cells derived from lymphoblastoid cell lines carrying Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), to detect and measure antibodies against the EBV-determined membrane antigen (MA) complex. The blocking of radioiodinated immunoglobulin binding (RIB) was compared with that of direct membrane immunofluorescence (MIF) for a representative assortment of anti-MA-reactive and control sera. The overall correlation was good between the blocking indices obtained by the 2 methods (correlation coefficient: 0.76), and the RIB test was approximately 4 times more sensitive than the MIF test. The RIB test not only gave consistently higher titers but could also detect low concentrations of anti-MA antibodies in certain sera that were negative by the MIF test. Also the RIB test eliminated the laborious reading of the MIF tests.
CEA Monitoring After Surgery for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Robert H. Fletcher
Journal: JAMA (1993)

For years there have been dreams of a simple test that could detect cancer in its early stages, before it had caused symptoms, when it could be treated to better effect. This dream has been reinvigorated, then dissipated, repeatedly in recent years. Each new test has in turn been announced with enthusiasm, then studied more carefully in a broader spectrum of patients and found to have at best only a small place in the management of cancer. Nevertheless, it remains likely that someday there will be a truly useful blood test for cancer. Has that day now come? In this issue, Moertel and colleagues<sup>1</sup>describe the effectiveness of one such test, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), when it is used to detect recurrence after colon cancer surgery. Carcinoembryonic antigen, which is present in blood during fetal life, falls to very low levels in most adults, and circulates in high concentrations in
Turtle-Associated Salmonellosis in Puerto Rico
Authors: Robert V. Tauxe
Journal: JAMA (1985)

After the Puerto Rico Department of Health received a report of salmonellosis in an infant who had contact with a pet turtle, we conducted a case-control study in two urban areas in Puerto Rico to measure the extent of pet turtle-associated salmonellosis there. Ten (17%) of 60 infants with salmonellosis but none of their matched controls had a history of exposure to a pet turtle in the two weeks before onset of illness. Two other case patients were also exposed to a pet turtle—an 8-year-old child and an adult with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and<i>Salmonella</i>bacteremia. A variety of<i>Salmonella</i>serogroups were represented in the turtle-associated cases. All turtle lots collected from pet shops in Puerto Rico were culture-positive for<i>Salmonella</i>; 89% yielded<i>Salmonella pomona</i>. Contamination of the turtles probably occurred at the farm before distribution, since<i>S pomona</i>was also isolated from turtles exported from the same farm to Guam and to Yugoslavia. The estimated 3 to 4 million turtles exported annually from the United States are an important potential route for global dissemination of human salmonellosis. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:237-239)
Extent of DNA Methylation in Human Tumor Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Edward S. Diala, Marc S. C. Cheah, David Rowitch, Robert M. Hoffman
 7
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

The total genomic DNA methylation, i.e., the percentage of methylated cytosines, was measured in 20 cell lines derived from different types of human tumors. The measurements were obtained by cation-exchange liquid chromatography of bases released by formic acid hydrolysis. These experiments were done to determine if altered methylation is a prevalent and large defect in oncogenic transformation. A majority of the tumor cells measured had decreased levels of methylated DNA in comparison to our laboratory's and other laboratories' published measurements of normal cells and tissues. In fact, tumor cell DNA ranged as low as 1.2% of cytosines methylated compared to a value of 3% or more for normal cells and tissues. Hpall and Mspl DNA restriction enzyme analysis confirmed for all tumor cell lines tested that their DNA was hypomethylated in comparison to the DNA from normal diploid fibroblasts tested. The results obtained by liquid chromatography and restriction enzyme analysis were strikingly similar. The reduced methylation of the tumor cell DNA correlated with the recent observation of other laboratories that individual genes are undermethylated in human cancer cells and that a number of different carcinogens can lower DNA methylation directly.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Cancer stem cell (CSC)-targeted therapeutic interventions, such as immunotherapy, hold promise for treatment of human cancers.Di Tomaso and colleagues performed an immunobiological characterization of a large panel of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) CSC lines and paired non-CSC lines cultured in FBS.They found that T-cell responses against CSCs pretreated with IFN-γ could be induced in vitro.Notably, CSCs, but not autologous FBScultured cells, could inhibit allogeneic T-cell proliferation.These results could help to identify GBM patients with CSCs that can be targeted by immunotherapy.
Intracellular Adriamycin Levels and Cytotoxicity in Adriamycin-Sensitive and Adriamycin-Resistant P388 Mouse Leukemia Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN4"&gt;4&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Ram Ganapathi
 6, William Reiter, Awtar Krishan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Adriamycin (ADR) (NSC-123127) uptake and retention in ADR-sensitive P388 leukemia (P388/S) and ADR-resistant P388 leukemia (P388/R) cells were compared by fluorometry and laser flow cytometry (FCM) and were correlated with cytotoxic effects. Drug levels in P388/R cells treated in vitro with ADR (1–10 μg/ml) were twofold to fourfold lower than were levels in similarly treated P388/S cells. FCM analysis of P388/S and P388/R cells exposed in vitro to ADR showed qualitative and quantitative differences in ADR fluorescence profiles of drug-treated cells (1–5 μg/ml) but not of the isolated nuclei (0.5–10 μg/ml). Drug-induced perturbations in cell cycle traverse and chromosome aberrations were seen in P388/S but not in P388/R cells treated with 0.5–5 μg ADR/ml in vitro or 4–8 mg ADR/kg in vivo. The role of FCM in rapidly comparing and quantitating cellular ADR fluorescence profiles of ADR-sensitive and ADR-resistant tumors was demonstrated.
Delayed Clinical Response to Hemodialysis in a Patient With Uremia
Authors: Warren W. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1966)

ALTHOUGH THE GENESIS of the toxic state in uremia is not well understood, nearly all of its symptoms may be relieved by adequate hemodialysis. Maximum symptomatic and objective benefit are almost invariably evident within 48 hours of dialysis. This is the report of a uremic patient whose maximum improvement occurred 70 to 96 hours after dialysis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The patient was a 50-year-old white male physician who had chronic renal insufficiency from what was subsequently found to be chronic pyelonephritis with papillary necrosis. Symptoms and signs of uremia (nausea, fatigability, azotemia) were first noted in April 1965. He was admitted to Riverside Methodist Hospital in coma onMay 2. Physical examination revealed a comatose patient whose blood pressure was 160/100 mm Hg and no other abnormal findings. The relevant laboratory findings are recorded in the Table. On May 4, a six-hour hemodialysis was done with the Kolff twin
Psychoactive Medication Use in Intermediate-Care Facility Residents
Authors: Mark Beers
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Despite the large number of elderly patients in nursing homes and the intensity of medication use there, few current data are available on patterns of medication use in this setting. We studied all medication use among 850 residents of 12 representative intermediate-care facilities in Massachusetts. Data on all prescriptions and patterns of actual use were recorded for all patients during one month. On average, residents were prescribed 8.1 medications during the month (interquartile range, 7.4 to 8.8) and actually received 4.7 (range, 4.2 to 5.4) medications during this period. More than half of all residents were receiving a psychoactive medication, with 26% receiving antipsychotic medication. Twenty-eight percent of patients were receiving sedative/hypnotics during the study month, primarily on a scheduled rather than an as-needed basis. Of patients receiving a sedative/hypnotic, 26% (range, 14% to 41%) were taking diphenhydramine hydrochloride, a strongly anticholinergic hypnotic. Of those receiving one of the benzodiazepines, 30% were receiving long-acting drugs, generally not recommended for elderly patients. The typical benzodiazepine dose was equivalent to 7.3 mg per patient per day of diazepam. The most commonly used antidepressant was amitriptyline hydrochloride, the most sedating and anticholinergic antidepressant in common use. These data indicate that despite growing evidence of the risks of psychoactive drug use in elderly patients, the nursing home population studied was exposed to high levels of sedative/hypnotic and antipsychotic drug use. Suboptimal choice of medication within a given class was common, and use of standing vs as-needed orders was often not in keeping with current concepts in geriatric psychopharmacology. Additional research is needed to assess the impact of such drug therapy on cognitive and physical functioning, as well as to determine how best to improve patterns of medication use in this vulnerable population. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:3016-3020)
Histopathology of Renal Lipomatous Tumors in Rats Treated With the “Natural” Products, Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Schoental, R., Hard, G. C., Gibbard, S.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Journal Article Histopathology of Renal Lipomatous Tumors in Rats Treated With the “Natural” Products, Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes Get access R. Schoental, R. Schoental MRC Toxicology Unit, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Carshalton, Surrey, England and King Edward VII Hospital, Windsor, Berks, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. C. Hard, G. C. Hard MRC Toxicology Unit, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Carshalton, Surrey, England and King Edward VII Hospital, Windsor, Berks, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Gibbard S. Gibbard MRC Toxicology Unit, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Carshalton, Surrey, England and King Edward VII Hospital, Windsor, Berks, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 47, Issue 5, November 1971, Pages 1037–1044, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/47.5.1037 Published: 01 November 1971 Article history Received: 06 May 1971 Accepted: 05 August 1971 Published: 01 November 1971
Hepatitis and Hemodialysis Revisited
Authors: Norman Deane
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In the present scientific era of medical practice, one might and should expect that major changes in therapies are based on the results of valid clinical trials. In fact, many therapies thought to be efficacious after poorly controlled studies are still being found to be worthless when tested against randomly selected controls. Yet, there is no doubt that progress has been made in some fields as a result of uncontrolled or poorly controlled observations, finally confirmed by well-done studies or the test of time. In those cases the advocates of applying scientific methods to clinical research have pointed out that the same answer could have been obtained more rapidly and with greater reliability by performing proper studies from the beginning. In the case of new drugs and, more recently, new appliances, the Food and Drug Administration requires that well-controlled studies demonstrate efficacy before marketing is allowed. In the case of
Erythrocyte Morphology Patients With Sickle and Pulmonary &amp;gt;hology in Cell Anemia Emboli
Authors: Luis Barreras
Journal: JAMA (1968)

During the examination of peripheral blood smears from six patients who had sickle cell anemia with superimposed pulmonary emboli (confirmed by autopsy in three patients), blister cells and irregularly contracted cells of thorn, helmet, and triangular shapes as well as spherical, crenated, burr, and fragmented cells were seen. The changes in the morphology of erythrocytes in association with luminal occlusion of multiple arteries are similar to those observed in patients with other types of microangiopathy.