tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased 68Ga-FAPI Activity in Primary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Gallbladder
Authors: Longlan Chen, Rui Sun, Lisheng Liu, Jun Hua, Xiaoliang Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas are extremely rare heterogeneous neoplasms. We present 68 Ga-FAPI (fibroblast activation protein inhibitor) PET/CT findings of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder in a 57-year-old woman. This rare gallbladder small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma demonstrated intense tracer uptake on 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT. This demonstrates the potential value of 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT for evaluation of gallbladder small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.
Incidental FAPI Localization in Benign Bone Lesions in a Case of Carcinoma Stomach
Authors: Divya Manda, Manikandan M V, Arvind Suresh, Varun Shukla
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Recently developed radiolabeled FAPI (fibroblast-activation protein inhibitors) have attracted researcher's attention in diagnosing various tumors because of its high specificity and better tumor-to-background ratio. Increasing use of 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT has resulted in reporting of incidental benign findings as well. We hereby present a case of suspected carcinoma stomach showing increased uptake in primary tumor in stomach as well as incidental uptake in benign subchondral cysts in bilateral shoulder joints and right hip joint on 68 Ga-FAPI PET CT scan.
Jain MD, Ziccheddu B, Coughlin CA, et al. Whole-genome sequencing reveals complex genomic features underlying anti-CD19 CAR T-cell treatment failures in lymphoma. <i>Blood.</i> 2022;140(5):491-503.
Authors: Michael Jain, Bachisio Ziccheddu, Caroline Coughlin, Rawan Faramand, Anthony Griswold, Kayla Reid, Meghan Menges, Erin Dean, Yonghong Zhang, Ling Cen, Xuefeng Wang, Mohammad Hussaini, Ola Landgren, Marco Davila, Jonathan Schatz, Frederick Locke, Francesco Maura
Journal: Blood (2023)
Longitudinal Follow-Up of Children With HLHS and Association Between Norwood Shunt Type and Long-Term Outcomes: The SVR III Study
Authors: Caren S. Goldberg, Felicia Trachtenberg, J. William Gaynor, William T. Mahle, Chitra Ravishankar, Steven M. Schwartz, James F. Cnota, Richard G. Ohye, Russell Gongwer, Michael Taylor, Stephen Paridon, Peter C. Frommelt, Katherine Afton, Andrew M. Atz, Kristin M. Burns, Jon A. Detterich, Kevin D. Hill, Antonio G. Cabrera, Alan B. Lewis, Christian Pizarro, Amee Shah, Binu Sharma, Jane W. Newburger
Journal: Circulation (2023)

In the SVR trial (Single Ventricle Reconstruction), newborns with hypoplastic left heart syndrome were randomly assigned to receive a modified Blalock-Taussig-Thomas shunt (mBTTS) or a right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt (RVPAS) at Norwood operation. Transplant-free survival was superior in the RVPAS group at 1 year, but no longer differed by treatment group at 6 years; both treatment groups had accumulated important morbidities. In the third follow-up of this cohort (SVRIII [Long-Term Outcomes of Children With Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and the Impact of Norwood Shunt Type]), we measured longitudinal outcomes and their risk factors through 12 years of age.
Acute Appendicitis Complicated by Septic Thrombophlebitis of the Portal Vein Shown by 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT
Authors: Jiayu Cai, Weizhi Xu, Tinghua Meng, YiZhen Pang, Haojun Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Septic thrombophlebitis of the portal vein is a serious infectious disorder and is difficult to be diagnosed at an early stage. In this case, we presented 18 F-FDG and 68 Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT findings in a 45-year-old man with acute appendicitis complicated by septic thrombophlebitis of the portal vein. 68 Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT showed intense radiotracer uptake in the thrombosis of the portal vein, with higher SUV max and larger disease extent than 18 F-FDG PET/CT. This case demonstrated that 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT may be a useful imaging modality for the diagnosis of this infectious condition.
Interactions of Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase‐expressing LAMP3<sup>+</sup> dendritic cells with CD4<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells and CD8<sup>+</sup> exhausted T cells: synergistically remodeling of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in cervical cancer and therapeutic implications
Authors: Xinyu Qu, Yumeng Wang, Qian Jiang, Tingting Ren, Chenyan Guo, Keqin Hua, Junjun Qiu
Journal: Cancer Communications (2023)

Abstract Background Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. Although immunotherapy has been applied in clinical practice, its therapeutic efficacy remains far from satisfactory, necessitating further investigation of the mechanism of CC immune remodeling and exploration of novel treatment targets. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of CC immune remodeling and explore potential therapeutic targets. Methods We conducted single‐cell RNA sequencing on a total of 17 clinical specimens, including normal cervical tissues, high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and CC tissues. To validate our findings, we conducted multicolor immunohistochemical staining of CC tissues and constructed a subcutaneous tumorigenesis model in C57BL/6 mice using murine CC cell lines (TC1) to evaluate the effectiveness of combination therapy involving indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibition and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). We used the unpaired two‐tailed Student's t‐test, Mann‐Whitney test, or Kruskal‐Wallis test to compare continuous data between two groups and one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test to compare data between multiple groups. Results Malignant cervical epithelial cells did not manifest noticeable signs of tumor escape, whereas lysosomal‐associated membrane protein 3‐positive (LAMP3 + ) dendritic cells (DCs) in a mature state with immunoregulatory roles were found to express IDO1 and affect tryptophan metabolism. These cells interacted with both tumor‐reactive exhausted CD8 + T cells and CD4 + regulatory T cells, synergistically forming a vicious immunosuppressive cycle and mediating CC immune escape. Further validation through multicolor immunohistochemical staining showed co‐localization of neoantigen‐reactive T cells (CD3 + , CD4 + /CD8 + , and PD‐1 + ) and LAMP3 + DCs (CD80 + and PD‐L1 + ). Additionally, a combination of the IDO1 inhibitor with an ICB agent significantly reduced tumor volume in the mouse model of CC compared with an ICB agent alone. Conclusions Our study suggested that a combination treatment consisting of targeting IDO1 and ICB agent could improve the therapeutic efficacy of current CC immunotherapies. Additionally, our results provided crucial insights for designing drugs and conducting future clinical trials for CC.
Treatment of Multiple Bone Metastases of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer With 225Ac-PSMA-617
Authors: Hongyu Yang, Yu Zhang, Dan Su, Yu Zhang, Yue Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

177 Lu-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer has emerged as a very promising therapy. However, some of the PSMA-expressing positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients never respond or develop resistance to 177 Lu-PSMA. We present a case of castration-resistant prostate cancer with multiple bone metastases. Remission of clinical symptoms and imaging lesions can be observed after 4 cycles of 225 Ac-PSMA-617 therapy. Moreover, the man did not have any observable adverse effects.
A comparison of COVID-19 incidence rates across six European countries in 2021
Authors: Michael Padget, Pauline Adam, Marina Dorfmuller, Clara Blondel, Ines Campos-Matos, Myriam Fayad, Alberto Mateo-Urdiales, David Mesher, Adriana Pistol, Javiera Rebolledo, Flavia Riccardo, Maximilian Riess, Lavinia Cipriana Rusu, Didier Che, Bruno Coignard
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

International comparisons of COVID-19 incidence rates have helped gain insights into the characteristics of the disease, benchmark disease impact, shape public health measures and inform potential travel restrictions and border control measures. However, these comparisons may be biased by differences in COVID-19 surveillance systems and approaches to reporting in each country. To better understand these differences and their impact on incidence comparisons, we collected data on surveillance systems from six European countries: Belgium, England, France, Italy, Romania and Sweden. Data collected included: target testing populations, access to testing, case definitions, data entry and management and statistical approaches to incidence calculation. Average testing, incidence and contextual data were also collected. Data represented the surveillance systems as they were in mid-May 2021. Overall, important differences between surveillance systems were detected. Results showed wide variations in testing rates, access to free testing and the types of tests recorded in national databases, which may substantially limit incidence comparability. By systematically including testing information when comparing incidence rates, these comparisons may be greatly improved. New indicators incorporating testing or existing indicators such as death or hospitalisation will be important to improving international comparisons.
West Nile virus in the Iberian Peninsula: using equine cases to identify high-risk areas for humans
Authors: José-María García-Carrasco, Antonio-Román Muñoz, Jesús Olivero, Marina Segura, Ignacio García-Bocanegra, Raimundo Real
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

BackgroundWest Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus with an enzootic cycle between birds and mosquitoes; humans and horses are incidental dead-end hosts. In 2020, the largest outbreak of West Nile virus infection in the Iberian Peninsula occurred, with 141 clusters in horses and 77 human cases.AimWe analysed which drivers influence spillover from the cycle to humans and equines and identified areas at risk for WNV transmission.MethodsBased on data on WNV cases in horses and humans in 2020 in Portugal and Spain, we developed logistic regression models using environmental and anthropic variables to highlight risk areas. Models were adapted to a high-resolution risk map.ResultsCases of WNV in horses could be used as indicators of viral activity and thus predict cases in humans. The risk map of horses was able to define high-risk areas for previous cases in humans and equines in Portugal and Spain, as well as predict human and horse cases in the transmission seasons of 2021 and 2022. We found that the spatial patterns of the favourable areas for outbreaks correspond to the main hydrographic basins of the Iberian Peninsula, jointly affecting Portugal and Spain.ConclusionA risk map highlighting the risk areas for potential future cases could be cost-effective as a means of promoting preventive measures to decrease incidence of WNV infection in Europe, based on a One Health surveillance approach.
Association of Breast Density With Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Junyu Long, Xinting Sang, Haitao Zhao
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

To the Editor We read with great interest the case-control cohort study by Jiang et al1 and were impressed by the result that the rate of change in breast density was associated with the risk of subsequent breast cancer. However, we still have a few concerns regarding this study.
Microenvironmental GABA Signaling Regulates Melanomagenesis through Reciprocal Melanoma–Keratinocyte Communication
Authors: Craig J. Ceol
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2023)

Summary: GABA signaling by melanoma cells was found by Tagore and colleagues to trigger keratinocyte-driven growth of melanomas. This study reveals new roles for nonneuronal signaling by a neurotransmitter in regulating tumor initiation and outgrowth. See related article by Tagore et al., p. 2270 (4).
<scp>EAACI</scp> task force report: A consensus protocol for the basophil activation test for collaboration and external quality assurance
Authors: M. Pascal, S. M. Edelman, A. Nopp, C. Möbs, W. J. Geilenkeuser, E. F. Knol, D. G. Ebo, C. Mertens, M. H. Shamji, A. F. Santos, S. Patil, B. Eberlein, C. Mayorga, H. J. Hoffmann
Journal: Allergy (2023)

The basophil activation test (BAT) has significant potential as a diagnostic tool to better phenotype and manage patients with IgE-mediated allergies, so that only a small proportion of patients need to be challenged.Sample, reagent, laboratory procedure, analysis protocols, and population characteristics can influence BAT
Mayo Clinic consensus report on membranous nephropathy: proposal for a novel classification
Authors: Sanjeev Sethi, Laurence H. Beck, Richard J. Glassock, Mark Haas, An S. De Vriese, Tiffany N. Caza, Elion Hoxha, Gérard Lambeau, Nicola M. Tomas, Benjamin Madden, Hanna Debiec, Vivette D. D’Agati, Mariam P. Alexander, Hatem Amer, Gerald B. Appel, Sean J. Barbour, Fernando Caravaca-Fontan, Daniel C. Cattran, Marta Casal Moura, Domingos O. D’Avila, Renato G. Eick, Vesna D. Garovic, Eddie L. Greene, Loren P. Herrera Hernandez, J. Charles Jennette, John C. Lieske, Glen S. Markowitz, Karl A. Nath, Samih H. Nasr, Cynthia C. Nast, Antonello Pani, Manuel Praga, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Helmut G. Rennke, Piero Ruggenenti, Dario Roccatello, Maria Jose Soler, Ulrich Specks, Rolf A.K. Stahl, Raman Deep Singh, Jason D. Theis, Jorge A. Velosa, Jack F.M. Wetzels, Christopher G. Winearls, Federico Yandian, Ladan Zand, Pierre Ronco, Fernando C. Fervenza
Journal: Kidney International (2023)

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a pattern of injury caused by autoantibodies binding to specific target antigens, with accumulation of immune complexes along the subepithelial region of glomerular basement membranes. The past 20 years have brought revolutionary advances in the understanding of MN, particularly via the discovery of novel target antigens and their respective autoantibodies. These discoveries have challenged the traditional classification of MN into primary and secondary forms. At least 14 target antigens have been identified, accounting for 80%-90% of cases of MN. Many of the forms of MN associated with these novel MN target antigens have distinctive clinical and pathologic phenotypes. The Mayo Clinic consensus report on MN proposes a 2-step classification of MN. The first step, when possible, is identification of the target antigen, based on a multistep algorithm and using a combination of serology, staining of the kidney biopsy tissue by immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry, and/or mass spectrometry methodology. The second step is the search for a potential underlying disease or associated condition, which is particularly relevant when knowledge of the target antigen is available to direct it. The meeting acknowledges that the resources and equipment required to perform the proposed testing may not be generally available. However, the meeting consensus was that the time has come to adopt an antigen-based classification of MN because this approach will allow for accurate and specific MN diagnosis, with significant implications for patient management and targeted treatment.
Colorectal cancer–associated T cell receptor repertoire abnormalities are linked to gut microbiome shifts and somatic cell mutations
Authors: Yuan Cao, Jifeng Wang, Weiliang Hou, Yanqiang Ding, Yefei Zhu, Jiayi Zheng, Qiongyi Huang, Zhan Cao, Ruting Xie, Qing Wei, Huanlong Qin
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

As with many diseases, tumor formation in colorectal cancer (CRC) is multifactorial and involves immune, environmental factors and various genetics that contribute to disease development. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is linked to the occurrence and development of CRC, and these microorganisms are important for immune maturation. However, a systematic perspective integrating microbial profiling, T cell receptor (TCR) and somatic mutations in humans with CRC is lacking. Here, we report distinct features of the expressed TCRβ repertoires in the peripheral blood of and CRC patients (n = 107) and healthy donors (n = 30). CRC patients have elevated numbers of large TCRβ clones and they have very low TCR diversity. The metagenomic sequencing data showed that the relative abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), Escherichia coli and Dasheen mosaic virus were elevated consistently in CRC patients (n = 97) compared to HC individuals (n = 30). The abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis was reduced in CRC (n = 97) compared to HC (n = 30). The correlation between somatic mutations of target genes (16 genes, n = 79) and TCR clonality and microbial biomarkers in CRC had been investigated. Importantly, we constructed a random forest classifier (contains 15 features) based on microbiome and TCR repertoires, which can be used as a clinical detection method to screen patients for CRC. We also analysis of F. nucleatum-specific TCR repertoire characteristics. Collectively, our large-cohort multi-omics data aimed to identify novel biomarkers to inform clinical decision-making in the detection and diagnosis of CRC, which is of possible etiological and diagnostic significance.
State-Level Variation in Medicaid Managed Care Enrollment and Specialty Care for Publicly Insured Children
Authors: Ju-Chen Hu, Janet R. Cummings, Xu Ji, Adam S. Wilk
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program cover almost 50% of children with special health care needs (CSHCN). CSHCN often require specialty services and have been increasingly enrolled in Medicaid managed care (MMC) plans, but there is a dearth of recent national studies on specialty care access among publicly insured children and particularly CSHCN. Objective To provide recent, nationwide evidence on the association of MMC penetration with specialty care access among publicly insured children, with a special focus on CSHCN. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used nationally representative data from the 2016 to 2019 National Survey of Children’s Health to identify publicly insured children in 41 states that administered comprehensive managed care organizations for Medicaid. Data analysis was performed from May 2022 to March 2023. Exposure Form CMS-416 data were used to measure state-year level share of Medicaid-enrolled children who were covered by MMC (ie, MMC penetration). Main Outcomes and Measures Measures of specialty care access included whether, in the past year, the child had (1) any visit to non–mental health (MH) specialists, (2) any visit to MH professionals, and (3) any unmet health care needs and (4) whether the caregiver ever felt frustrated getting services for their child. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association of MMC penetration with specialty care access among all publicly insured children, and separately for CSHCN and non-CSHCN. Results Among 20 029 publicly insured children, 7164 (35.8%) were CSHCN, 9537 (48.2%) were female, 4110 (37.2%) were caregiver-reported Hispanic, and 2812 (21.4%) were caregiver-reported non-Hispanic Black (all percentages are weighted). MMC was not associated with significant changes in any visit to non-MH specialists and unmet health care needs. In addition, MMC penetration was positively associated with caregiver frustration among all children (adjusted odds ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03-1.48; P = .02) and was negatively associated with any visit to MH professionals among CSHCN (adjusted odds ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58-0.98; P = .04). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study evaluating MMC and specialty care access for publicly insured children, increased MMC enrollment was not associated with improved specialty care access for publicly insured children, including CSHCN. MMC was associated with less access to specialties like MH and increased frustrations among caregivers seeking services for their children.
Small Bowel Metastases From Malignant Phyllodes Breast Tumor Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Meng Yuan, Bing Han, Nan Zhang, Lu Lu, Shuai Liu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

The most common sites of distant metastases are lung, bone, pleura, and mediastinum in malignant phyllodes breast tumors. However, small bowel metastasis from malignant phyllodes breast tumors is rare. We reported that using CT and FDG PET/CT imaging we identified a case with small bowel metastasis from breast cancer. PET/CT scan showed that high 18 F-FDG uptake occurred in the duodenum and jejunum. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry analyses further confirmed that malignant phyllodes tumors are derived from the breast.
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Metastases of the Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumor on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT
Authors: Nuh Filizoglu, Salih Ozguven
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Pulmonary carcinoid tumors are a very rare type of neuroendocrine tumor, accounting for only 1% to 2% of all primary lung cancers. Pulmonary carcinoids most commonly metastasize to the mediastinal lymph nodes, liver, and bones. Metastasis of pulmonary carcinoids to the skin and subcutaneous tissue is extremely rare and has been reported in only a small number of cases. We presented 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT findings of an exceptional case of a pulmonary carcinoid tumor with extensive skin, subcutaneous, thyroid, and intramuscular metastases.
Bone SPECT/CT in Advanced Diffuse Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor of the Wrist
Authors: Nina A. Lampe, Klaus Strobel, Armin Pallaver, Thomas F. Hany, Hannes Grünig
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Tenosynovial giant cell tumor, previously known as pigmented villonodular synovitis, is a benign low-grade fibrohistiocytic proliferation with hemosiderin deposits in synovial joints. Mostly affecting the knee, it can also manifest in other synovial joints, infrequently also in the wrist. Tenosynovial giant cell tumor typically causes intense radionuclide uptake in all phases in planar bone scintigraphy, making a differentiation from other bone tumors or osteomyelitis difficult, especially in cases associated with extensive bone destruction. We present a case of an unusually advanced and extended tenosynovial giant cell tumor of the wrist in bone scintigraphy, SPECT/CT, radiograph, and MRI.