tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physicians’ views of patient–planetary health co-benefit prescribing: a mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Nicole Redvers, Kyla Wright, Jamie Hartmann-Boyce, Sarah Tonkin-Crine
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2023)

Health professionals are increasingly called to become partners in planetary health. Using patient–planetary health (P–PH) co-benefit prescribing framing, we did a mixed methods systematic review to identify barriers and facilitators to adopting P–PH co-benefit prescribing by physicians and mapped these onto the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviour (COM-B) model and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). We searched electronic databases from inception until October, 2022, and did a content analysis of the included articles (n=12). Relevant categories were matched to items in the COM-B model and TDF. Nine barriers and eight facilitators were identified. Barriers included an absence of, or little, knowledge of how to change practice and time to implement change; facilitators included having policy statements and guidelines from respected associations. More diverse study designs that include health professionals, patients, and health-care system stakeholders are needed to ensure a more holistic understanding of the individual, system, and policy levers involved in implementing clinical work informed by planetary health.
Ileocecal valve-plasty for Crohn’s disease: an endoscopic approach
Authors: Yi Lu, Lingyu Huang, Jiachen Sun
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

A 34-year old man had been diagnosed with Crohn's disease over 3 years ago and had received biologic agents and enteral nutrition. Colonoscopy had shown stricture of the ileocecal orifice, and endoscopic balloon dilation had been performed on this 3 months ago. On his current presentation for reexamination, colonoscopy again showed stricture of the ileocecal orifice ([Fig. 1]) with multiple nodular hyperplastic polyps covering the area around the orifice ([Fig. 2]). Snare polypectomy was first done until the orifice appeared, then an IT2 knife was used to perform stricturotomy. The stricturotomy successfully dilated the stricture ([Fig. 3]), and as for the remaining polyps we decided to "trim" them with the electrical snare to improve the appearance of the ileocecal valve ([Fig. 4]); the procedure is called ileocecal valve-plasty ([Video 1]).
Copy number aberrations in circulating tumor DNA enables prognosis prediction and molecular characterization of breast cancer
Authors: Min Hwan Kim, Gun Min Kim, Jin Mo Ahn, Won-Ji Ryu, Seul-Gi Kim, Jee Hung Kim, Tae Yeong Kim, Hyun Ju Han, Jee Ye Kim, Hyung Seok Park, Seho Park, Byeong Woo Park, Seung Il Kim, Joon Jeong, Jieun Lee, Soonmyung Paik, Sangwoo Kim, Kyung Hae Jung, Eun Hae Cho, Joohyuk Sohn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2023)

Abstract Background Low-pass whole-genome sequencing (LP-WGS)–based circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis is a versatile tool for somatic copy number aberration (CNA) detection, and this study aims to explore its clinical implication in breast cancer. Methods We analyzed LP-WGS ctDNA data from 207 metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients to explore prognostic value of ctDNA CNA burden and validated it in 465 stage II-III triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy in phase III PEARLY trial (NCT02441933). The clinical implication of locus level LP-WGS ctDNA profiling was further evaluated. Results We found that a high baseline ctDNA CNA burden predicts poor overall survival and progression-free survival of MBC patients. The post hoc analysis of the PEARLY trial showed that a high baseline ctDNA CNA burden predicted poor disease-free survival independent from pathologic complete response (pCR), validating its robust prognostic significance. The 24-month disease-free survival rate was 96.9% and 55.9% in [pCR(+) and low I-score] and [non-pCR and high I-score] patients, respectively. The locus-level ctDNA CNA profile classified MBC patients into 5 molecular clusters and revealed targetable oncogenic CNAs. LP-WGS ctDNA and in vitro analysis identified the BCL6 amplification as a resistance factor for CDK4/6 inhibitors. We estimated ctDNA-based homologous recombination deficiency status of patients by shallowHRD algorithm, which was highest in the TNBC and correlated with platinum-based chemotherapy response. Conclusions These results demonstrate LP-WGS ctDNA CNA analysis as an essential tool for prognosis prediction and molecular profiling. Particularly, ctDNA CNA burden can serve as a useful determinant for escalating or de-escalating (neo)adjuvant strategy in TNBC patients.
Therapist‐supported Internet‐based cognitive behaviour therapy yields similar effects as face‐to‐face therapy for psychiatric and somatic disorders: an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Erik Hedman‐Lagerlöf, Per Carlbring, Frank Svärdman, Heleen Riper, Pim Cuijpers, Gerhard Andersson
Journal: World Psychiatry (2023)

Providing therapist-guided cognitive behaviour therapy via the Internet (ICBT) has advantages, but a central research question is to what extent similar clinical effects can be obtained as with gold-standard face-to-face cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). In a previous meta-analysis published in this journal, which was updated in 2018, we found evidence that the pooled effects for the two formats were equivalent in the treatment of psychiatric and somatic disorders, but the number of published randomized trials was relatively low (n=20). As this is a field that moves rapidly, the aim of the current study was to conduct an update of our systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical effects of ICBT vs. face-to-face CBT for psychiatric and somatic disorders in adults. We searched the PubMed database for relevant studies published from 2016 to 2022. The main inclusion criteria were that studies had to compare ICBT to face-to-face CBT using a randomized controlled design and targeting adult populations. Quality assessment was made using the Cochrane risk of bias criteria (Version 1), and the main outcome estimate was the pooled standardized effect size (Hedges' g) using a random effects model. We screened 5,601 records and included 11 new randomized trials, adding them to the 20 previously identified ones (total n=31). Sixteen different clinical conditions were targeted in the included studies. Half of the trials were in the fields of depression/depressive symptoms or some form of anxiety disorder. The pooled effect size across all disorders was g=0.02 (95% CI: -0.09 to 0.14) and the quality of the included studies was acceptable. This meta-analysis further supports the notion that therapist-supported ICBT yields similar effects as face-to-face CBT.
Obesity alters monocyte developmental trajectories to enhance metastasis
Authors: Sheri A.C. McDowell, Simon Milette, Samuel Doré, Miranda W. Yu, Mark Sorin, Liam Wilson, Lysanne Desharnais, Alyssa Cristea, Ozgun Varol, Aline Atallah, Anikka Swaby, Valérie Breton, Azadeh Arabzadeh, Sarah Petrecca, Hamza Loucif, Aanya Bhagrath, Meghan De Meo, Katherine D. Lach, Marianne S.M. Issac, Benoit Fiset, Roni F. Rayes, Judith N. Mandl, Jörg H. Fritz, Pierre O. Fiset, Peter R. Holt, Andrew J. Dannenberg, Jonathan D. Spicer, Logan A. Walsh, Daniela F. Quail
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2023)

Obesity is characterized by chronic systemic inflammation and enhances cancer metastasis and mortality. Obesity promotes breast cancer metastasis to lung in a neutrophil-dependent manner; however, the upstream regulatory mechanisms of this process remain unknown. Here, we show that obesity-induced monocytes underlie neutrophil activation and breast cancer lung metastasis. Using mass cytometry, obesity favors the expansion of myeloid lineages while restricting lymphoid cells within the peripheral blood. RNA sequencing and flow cytometry revealed that obesity-associated monocytes resemble professional antigen-presenting cells due to a shift in their development and exhibit enhanced MHCII expression and CXCL2 production. Monocyte induction of the CXCL2-CXCR2 axis underlies neutrophil activation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps to promote metastasis, and enhancement of this signaling axis is observed in lung metastases from obese cancer patients. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into the relationship between obesity and cancer by broadening our understanding of the interactive role that myeloid cells play in this process.
Hepatitis A notifications in the EU/EEA, 2010–2019: what can we learn from case reporting to the European Surveillance System?
Authors: Ettore Severi, Lara Tavoschi, Paloma Carrillo-Santisteve, Therese Westrell, Gaetano Marrone, Johan Giesecke, Pierluigi Lopalco
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

BackgroundEuropean Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries annually report hepatitis A (HepA) notifications to The European Surveillance System (TESSy).AimTo describe EU/EEA HepA notifications from 2010 to 2019 and identify infection drivers and surveillance improvements.MethodsWe analysed demographic, clinical and transmission information of HepA confirmed cases from TESSy. We stratified countries by population susceptibility profile and performed time-series analysis to describe trends in notification rates, sex distribution and travel history.ResultsTwenty-nine EU/EEA countries reported 139,793 HepA cases. Six eastern EU countries reported > 60% of these cases. EU/EEA notification rate during the study period was 3.2 cases per 100,000 population (range 2.7-5.6). Notifications peaked in 2014 and 2017, with marked differences in case demographic characteristics. Notification trends varied across different country susceptibility groups. In 2017, the proportion of males (74%) and case median age (31 years) increased steeply, while no changes occurred in 2014. Travel history showed seasonal case peaks following the summer. More than 47,000 hospitalisations were reported. Annual case fatality was < 0.2% for all years. Information on travel history, hospitalisation, death and mode of transmission was suboptimal.DiscussionApart from some countries in its east, the EU/EEA is characterised by low HepA incidence baseline and susceptible to recurrent large cross-border outbreaks. Analysis of European surveillance data highlighted the need for stronger prevention policies for eastern EU countries, men who have sex with men and travellers. Improving surveillance data-quality will enhance knowledge on food-borne, and travel-related exposures to inform more effective and tailored regional prevention policies.
Temporal Trends in Childhood Household Income Among Applicants and Matriculants to Medical School and the Likelihood of Acceptance by Income, 2014-2019
Authors: Mytien Nguyen, Mayur M. Desai, Tonya L. Fancher, Sarwat I. Chaudhry, Hyacinth R. C. Mason, Dowin Boatright
Journal: JAMA (2023)

This study examines trends in childhood household income among applicants and matriculants to medical school and the likelihood of acceptance by income.
Spatial Confinement Modulates Macrophage Response in Microporous Annealed Particle (MAP) Scaffolds
Authors: Yining Liu, Alejandra Suarez‐Arnedo, Lindsay Riley, Tasman Miley, Jingyi Xia, Tatiana Segura
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Macrophages are essential in the initiation, maintenance, and transition of inflammatory processes such as foreign body response and wound healing. Mounting evidence suggests that physical factors also modulate macrophage activation. 2D in vitro systems demonstrate that constraining macrophages to small areas or channels modulates their phenotypes and changes their responses to known inflammatory agents such as lipopolysaccharide. However, how dimensionality and pore size affect macrophage phenotype is less explored. In this work, the change in macrophage M1/M2 polarization when confined in microporous annealed particle (MAP) scaffolds is studied. Particles sizes (40, 70, and 130 µm) are selected using outputs from software LOVAMAP that analyzes the characteristics of 3D pores in MAP gels. As the size of building block particle correlates with pore size inside the scaffolds, the three types of scaffold allow us to study how the degree of spatial confinement modulates the behavior of embedded macrophages. Spatially confining macrophages in scaffolds with pore size on the scale of cells leads to a reduced level of the inflammatory response, which is correlated with a change in cell morphology and motility.
The Driver Role of Pathologists in Endocrine Oncology: What Clinicians Seek in Pathology Reports
Authors: Shereen Ezzat, Wouter W de Herder, Marco Volante, Ashley Grossman
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2023)

Abstract Endocrine neoplasia represents an increasingly broad spectrum of disorders. Endocrine neoplasms range from incidental findings to potentially lethal malignancies. In this paper, we cover the impact of pathology in the interpretation of the clinic-pathological, genetic, and radiographic features underpinning these neoplasms. We highlight the critical role of multidisciplinary interactions in structuring a rational diagnostic and efficient therapeutic plan and emphasize the role of histopathological input in decision-making. In this context, standardized pathology reporting and second opinion endocrine pathology review represent relevant tools to improve the overall diagnostic workup of patients affected by endocrine tumors in every specific scenario. In fact, although a relevant proportion of cases may be correctly identified based on clinical presentation and biochemical/imaging investigations, a subset of cases presents with atypical findings that may lead to an inappropriate diagnosis and treatment plan based on a wrong pathological diagnosis if all pieces of the puzzle are not correctly considered. Pathologists have a responsibility to actively guide clinicians before and during surgical procedures to prevent unnecessary interventions. In all areas of endocrine pathology, pathologists must understand the complexity of tissue preservation and assay sensitivities and specificities to ensure the optimal quality and interpretation of diagnostic material. Finally, pathologists are central actors in tumor tissue biobanking, which is an expanding field in oncology that should be promoted while adhering to strict ethical and methodological standards.
Effect of resistance exercise dose components for tendinopathy management: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Anastasia Vladimirovna Pavlova, Joanna S C Shim, Rachel Moss, Colin Maclean, David Brandie, Laura Mitchell, Leon Greig, Eva Parkinson, Lyndsay Alexander, Victoria Tzortziou Brown, Dylan Morrissey, Kay Cooper, Paul A Swinton
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2023)

Objective To investigate potential moderating effects of resistance exercise dose components including intensity, volume and frequency, for the management of common tendinopathies. Design Systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regressions. Data sources Including but not limited to: MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, ClinicalTrials.gov and ISRCTN Registry. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Randomised and non-randomised controlled trials investigating resistance exercise as the dominant treatment class, reporting sufficient information regarding ≥2 components of exercise dose. Results A total of 110 studies were included in meta-analyses (148 treatment arms (TAs), 3953 participants), reporting on five tendinopathy locations (rotator cuff: 48 TAs; Achilles: 43 TAs; lateral elbow: 29 TAs; patellar: 24 TAs; gluteal: 4 TAs). Meta-regressions provided consistent evidence of greater pooled mean effect sizes for higher intensity therapies comprising additional external resistance compared with body mass only (large effect size domains: β BodyMass: External = 0.50 (95% credible interval (CrI): 0.15 to 0.84; p=0.998); small effect size domains ( β BodyMass: External = 0.04 (95% CrI: −0.21 to 0.31; p=0.619)) when combined across tendinopathy locations or analysed separately. Greater pooled mean effect sizes were also identified for the lowest frequency (less than daily) compared with mid (daily) and high frequencies (more than once per day) for both effect size domains when combined or analysed separately (p≥0.976). Evidence for associations between training volume and pooled mean effect sizes was minimal and inconsistent. Summary/conclusion Resistance exercise dose is poorly reported within tendinopathy management literature. However, this large meta-analysis identified some consistent patterns indicating greater efficacy on average with therapies prescribing higher intensities (through inclusion of additional loads) and lower frequencies, potentially creating stronger stimuli and facilitating adequate recovery.
Clonal evolution during metastatic spread in high-risk neuroblastoma
Authors: Gunes Gundem, Max F Levine, Stephen S Roberts, Irene Y Cheung, Juan S Medina-Martínez, Yi Feng, Juan E Arango-Ossa, Loic Chadoutaud, Mathieu Rita, Georgios Asimomitis, Joe Zhou, Daoqi You, Nancy Bouvier, Barbara Spitzer, David B Solit, Filemon Dela Cruz, Michael P LaQuaglia, Brian H Kushner, Shakeel Modak, Neerav Shukla, Christine A Iacobuzio-Donahue, Andrew L Kung, Nai-Kong V Cheung, Elli Papaemmanuil
Journal: Nature Genetics (2023)
Reply to Di Nunno et al. concerning objective response rates targets for recurrent glioblastoma clinical trials: Toward surrogate endpoints for phase II trials in patients with recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Benjamin M Ellingson, Patrick Y Wen, Timothy F Cloughesy
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2023)

Journal Article Reply to Di Nunno et al. concerning objective response rates targets for recurrent glioblastoma clinical trials: Toward surrogate endpoints for phase II trials in patients with recurrent glioblastoma Get access Benjamin M Ellingson, Benjamin M Ellingson UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory, Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, Los Angeles, California, USAUCLA Neuro-Oncology Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USADepartment of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USADepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USADepartment of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA Corresponding Author: Benjamin M. Ellingson, PhD, UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory, Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, Los Angeles, California, USA (bellingson@mednet.ucla.edu). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2764-6640 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Patrick Y Wen, Patrick Y Wen Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Timothy F Cloughesy Timothy F Cloughesy UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USADepartment of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Neuro-Oncology, Volume 25, Issue 8, August 2023, Pages 1548–1549, https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noad085 Published: 11 May 2023 Article history Corrected and typeset: 11 May 2023 Published: 11 May 2023
P58 LOW CD38 EXPRESSION BY PLASMA CELLS IN EXTRAMEDULLARY DISEASE IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA PATIENTS
Authors: L. Notarfranchi, F. Accardi, B. Dalla Palma, C. Mancini, E. Martella, S. Bonomini, P. Storti, D. Toscani, J. Burroughs, V. Marchica, G. Sammarelli, N. Giuliani
Journal: HemaSphere (2023)

Extramedullary disease (EMD) is a possible rare manifestation in multiple myeloma (MM) and it represents an unmet medical need in the treatment of MM patients (pts). Thus a better characterization of plasma cells (PCs) of the EMD is critical to improve the treatments. Pervious works have suggested that the expression modulation of adhesion molecules, including CD44 and CD56, supports clonal PCs migration through the bloodstream. CD38 is a multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein, expressed by PCs, which also plays a role as adhesion molecule. CD38 is considered a hallmark of MM cells and a therapeutic target for anti-CD38 antibody-based approach. Interestingly recent clinical reports suggest that the response to the anti-CD38 monoclonal daratumumab is unsatisfactory in MM patients with EMD. Overall the CD38 expression profile by extramedullary PCs is still unknown and has been investigated in this study. We enrolled 22 MM pts with a biopsy-proven EMD. The expression of CD38 and CD56 and CD44 was evaluated either by flow cytometry at BM level or by immunohistochemistry from both BM and EMD biopsies. Immunohistochemical data were scored using a semiquantitative evaluation of the percentage of CD56, CD44 and CD38, on MM cells on a 5-tiered scale. 3 pts presented EMD at diagnosis while 19 pts presented EMD at relapse. Overall, 55% of pts developed multiple plasmacytomas. The most common site was soft tissue and liver/spleen which represents 42% of the total EMD followed by lymph nodes (15%). In 41% the EMD relapse was dissociated from BM relapse. CD56 showed a high score (3-4) in 5 of 22 (23%) EMD samples and was absent in 14 of 22 (64%) pts. Discordant CD56 expression was observed in 18% of samples with a strong down-regulation of CD56 in the EMD samples compared to BM. CD44 showed a high score in 16 of 20 (80%) EMD samples and was absent in 2 of 20 (10%). 4 pts with discordant CD44 expression (27%) showed an up-regulation of CD44 in the EMD samples compared to BM. CD38 had a high score in 16 of 22 BM samples (73%) and was absent in 3 of 22 (14%) EMD samples. Discordant CD38 expression was observed in 26% of samples with a down-regulation of CD38 in the EMD samples compared to BM. In conclusion, our data indicate that a discordant expression profile of the CD56, CD44 and CD38 may occur in EMD sites as compared to BM. The possible lack of CD38 expression in EMD was highlighted for the first time and it could have a critical therapeutic impact in MM patients with EMD.