tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: a case series from a large US healthcare system
Authors: Bethany Cucka, Bianca Biglione, Li Zhou, Elizabeth J. Phillips, Fatima Bassir, Upeka Samarakoon, Renajd Rrapi, Sidharth Chand, Liqin Wang, Santiago Alvarez-Arango, Kimberly G. Blumenthal, Daniela Kroshinsky
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)
The Changing Face of Turner Syndrome
Authors: Claus H Gravholt, Mette Viuff, Jesper Just, Kristian Sandahl, Sara Brun, Janielle van der Velden, Niels H Andersen, Anne Skakkebaek
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2022)

Abstract Turner syndrome (TS) is a condition in females missing the second sex chromosome (45,X) or parts thereof. It is considered a rare genetic condition and is associated with a wide range of clinical stigmata, such as short stature, ovarian dysgenesis, delayed puberty and infertility, congenital malformations, endocrine disorders, including a range of autoimmune conditions and type 2 diabetes, and neurocognitive deficits. Morbidity and mortality are clearly increased compared with the general population and the average age at diagnosis is quite delayed. During recent years it has become clear that a multidisciplinary approach is necessary toward the patient with TS. A number of clinical advances has been implemented, and these are reviewed. Our understanding of the genomic architecture of TS is advancing rapidly, and these latest developments are reviewed and discussed. Several candidate genes, genomic pathways and mechanisms, including an altered transcriptome and epigenome, are also presented.
Hematopoietic stem cell regeneration through paracrine regulation of the Wnt5a/Prox1 signaling axis
Authors: Qiqi Lin, Limei Wu, Srinivas Chatla, Fabliha A. Chowdhury, Neha Atale, Jonathan Joseph, Wei Du
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

The crosstalk between the BM microenvironment (niche) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is critical for HSC regeneration. Here, we show that in mice, deletion of the Fanconi anemia (FA) genes Fanca and Fancc dampened HSC regeneration through direct effects on HSCs and indirect effects on BM niche cells. FA HSCs showed persistent upregulation of the Wnt target Prox1 in response to total body irradiation (TBI). Accordingly, lineage-specific deletion of Prox1 improved long-term repopulation of the irradiated FA HSCs. Forced expression of Prox1 in WT HSCs mimicked the defective repopulation phenotype of FA HSCs. WT mice but not FA mice showed significant induction by TBI of BM stromal Wnt5a protein. Mechanistically, FA proteins regulated stromal Wnt5a expression, possibly through modulating the Wnt5a transcription activator Pax2. Wnt5a treatment of irradiated FA mice enhanced HSC regeneration. Conversely, Wnt5a neutralization inhibited HSC regeneration after TBI. Wnt5a secreted by LepR+CXCL12+ BM stromal cells inhibited β-catenin accumulation, thereby repressing Prox1 transcription in irradiated HSCs. The detrimental effect of deregulated Wnt5a/Prox1 signaling on HSC regeneration was also observed in patients with FA and aged mice. Irradiation induced upregulation of Prox1 in the HSCs of aged mice, and deletion of Prox1 in aged HSCs improved HSC regeneration. Treatment of aged mice with Wnt5a enhanced hematopoietic repopulation. Collectively, these findings identified the paracrine Wnt5a/Prox1 signaling axis as a regulator of HSC regeneration under conditions of injury and aging.
COVID-19 Treatments for Nonhospitalized Patients
Authors: William E. Cayley
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Infections in lung transplanted patients: A review
Authors: M. Dettori, N. Riccardi, D. Canetti, R.M. Antonello, A.F. Piana, A. Palmieri, P. Castiglia, A.A. Azara, M.D. Masia, A. Porcu, G.C. Ginesu, M.L. Cossu, M. Conti, P. Pirina, A. Fois, I. Maida, G. Madeddu, S. Babudieri, L. Saderi, G. Sotgiu
Journal: Pulmonology (2022)

Lung transplantation can improve the survival of patients with severe chronic pulmonary disorders. However, the short- and long-term risk of infections can increase morbidity and mortality rates. A non-systematic review was performed to provide the most updated information on pathogen, host, and environment-related factors associated with the occurrence of bacterial, fungal, and viral infections as well as the most appropriate therapeutic options. Bacterial infections account for about 50% of all infectious diseases in lung transplanted patients, while viruses represent the second cause of infection accounting for one third of all infections. Almost 10% of patients develop invasive fungal infections during the first year after lung transplant. Pre-transplantation comorbidities, disruption of physical barriers during the surgery, and exposure to nosocomial pathogens during the hospital stay are directly associated with the occurrence of life-threatening infections. Empiric antimicrobial treatment after the assessment of individual risk factors, local epidemiology of drug-resistant pathogens and possible drug-drug interactions can improve the clinical outcomes.
Publisher Correction: UTX-mediated enhancer and chromatin remodeling suppresses myeloid leukemogenesis through noncatalytic inverse regulation of ETS and GATA programs
Authors: Malgorzata Gozdecka, Eshwar Meduri, Milena Mazan, Konstantinos Tzelepis, Monika Dudek, Andrew J. Knights, Mercedes Pardo, Lu Yu, Jyoti S. Choudhary, Emmanouil Metzakopian, Vivek Iyer, Haiyang Yun, Naomi Park, Ignacio Varela, Ruben Bautista, Grace Collord, Oliver Dovey, Dimitrios A. Garyfallos, Etienne De Braekeleer, Saki Kondo, Jonathan Cooper, Berthold Göttgens, Lars Bullinger, Paul A. Northcott, David Adams, George S. Vassiliou, Brian J. P. Huntly
Journal: Nature Genetics (2022)
The bungled digitisation of Healthy Start is hampering low income families’ access to healthy food
Authors: Margaret Anne Defeyter, Marion Hetherington, Mike McKean, Andrew Forsey
Journal: BMJ (2022)

For months, families have reported problems with the digital transition of Healthy Start, a government funded programme to support families on low incomes. As the cost of living crisis worsens, this is leading to avoidable hardship, write Margaret Anne Defeyter and colleagues
Inequities in Alliance Acute Leukemia Clinical Trial and Biobank Participation: Defining Targets for Intervention
Authors: Andrew Hantel, Jessica Kohlschmidt, Ann-Kathrin Eisfeld, Wendy Stock, Sawyer Jacobson, Sumithra Mandrekar, Richard A. Larson, Richard M. Stone, Christopher S. Lathan, Daniel J. DeAngelo, John C. Byrd, Gregory A. Abel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

Representativeness in acute leukemia clinical research is essential for achieving health equity. The National Cancer Institute's mandate for Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCCs) to define and assume responsibility for cancer control and treatment across a geographic catchment area provides an enforceable mechanism to target and potentially remediate participatory inequities.
Genomic Determinants of Early Recurrences in Low-Stage, Low-Grade Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Nida S Safdar, Marina Stasenko, Pier Selenica, Axel S Martin, Edaise M da Silva, Ana Paula Martins Sebastiao, Melissa Krystel-Whittemore, Nadeem R Abu-Rustum, Jorge S Reis-Filho, Robert A Soslow, Ronglai Shen, Jennifer J Mueller, Esther Oliva, Britta Weigelt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2022)

Low-stage, low-grade endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC), the most common histologic type of endometrial cancer, typically has a favorable prognosis. A subset of these cancers, however, displays an aggressive clinical course with early recurrences, including distant relapses. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Using a combination of whole-exome and targeted capture sequencing of 65 FIGO stage IA and IB grade 1 EECs treated with surgery alone, we demonstrate that chromosome 1q gain (odds ratio [OR] = 8.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.59 to 54.6; P = .02), PIK3CA mutation (OR = 9.16, 95% CI = 1.95 to 61.8; P = .01), and DNA mismatch repair-deficient molecular subtype (OR = 7.92, 95% CI = 1.44 to 87.6; P = .02) are independent predictors of early recurrences within 3 years in this patient population. Chromosome 1q gain was validated in an independent dataset of stage I grade 1 EECs subjected to whole-exome sequencing. Our findings expand on the repertoire of genomic parameters that should be considered in the evaluation of patients with low-stage, low-grade EEC.
Accuracy and effectiveness of HPV mRNA testing in cervical cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Marc Arbyn, Marie Simon, Silvia de Sanjosé, Megan A Clarke, Mario Poljak, Remila Rezhake, Johannes Berkhof, Victoria Nyaga, Murat Gultekin, Karen Canfell, Nicolas Wentzensen
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2022)
Extreme events and gender-based violence: a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Kim Robin van Daalen, Sarah Savić Kallesøe, Fiona Davey, Sara Dada, Laura Jung, Lucy Singh, Rita Issa, Christina Alma Emilian, Isla Kuhn, Ines Keygnaert, Maria Nilsson
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2022)

The intensity and frequency of extreme weather and climate events are expected to increase due to anthropogenic climate change. This systematic review explores extreme events and their effect on gender-based violence (GBV) experienced by women, girls, and sexual and gender minorities. We searched ten databases until February, 2022. Grey literature was searched using the websites of key organisations working on GBV and Google. Quantitative studies were described narratively, whereas qualitative studies underwent thematic analysis. We identified 26 381 manuscripts. 41 studies were included exploring several types of extreme events (ie, storms, floods, droughts, heatwaves, and wildfires) and GBV (eg, sexual violence and harassment, physical violence, witch killing, early or forced marriage, and emotional violence). Studies were predominantly cross-sectional. Although most qualitative studies were of reasonable quality, most quantitative studies were of poor quality. Only one study included sexual and gender minorities. Most studies showed an increase in one or several GBV forms during or after extreme events, often related to economic instability, food insecurity, mental stress, disrupted infrastructure, increased exposure to men, tradition, and exacerbated gender inequality. These findings could have important implications for sexual-transformative and gender-transformative interventions, policies, and implementation. High-quality evidence from large, ethnographically diverse cohorts is essential to explore the effects and driving factors of GBV during and after extreme events.
Mass cytometry detects H3.3K27M-specific vaccine responses in diffuse midline glioma
Authors: Sabine Mueller, Jared M. Taitt, Javier E. Villanueva-Meyer, Erin R. Bonner, Takahide Nejo, Rishi R. Lulla, Stewart Goldman, Anu Banerjee, Susan N. Chi, Nicholas S. Whipple, John R. Crawford, Karen Gauvain, Kellie J. Nazemi, Payal B. Watchmaker, Neil D. Almeida, Kaori Okada, Andres M. Salazar, Ryan D. Gilbert, Javad Nazarian, Annette M. Molinaro, Lisa H. Butterfield, Michael D. Prados, Hideho Okada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)
Striking Size Reduction of Rapidly Growing Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Metastatic Nodal Conglomerate After Only 2 Cycles of 177Lu-DOTATATE
Authors: Eduardo A. Somoza, Heying Duan, Shagufta Shaheen, George A. Fischer, Carina Mari Aparici
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with 177 Lu-DOTATATE has shown great treatment efficacy in patients with well-differentiated metastatic neuroendocrine tumors and a metastatic size reduction of ~20% for metastatic lesions &lt;3 cm in size. We present a 66-year-old man with pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma, who had a rapidly growing metastatic nodal conglomerate, which measured close to 10 cm in size. After only 2 cycles of PRRT with 177 Lu-DOTATATE, the nodal conglomerate had a striking size reduction greater than 75%. This case highlights the potential efficacy of PRRT with 177 Lu-DOTATATE for treatment of aggressive neuroendocrine neoplasms.
Letter to the editor: Is it time to change the standard TIPS procedure?
Authors: Xuefeng Luo, Li Yang
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

To the editor, We read with great interest the recent study by Lv et al. regarding the role of prophylactic embolization of large spontaneous portosystemic shunts (SPSS) during transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in reducing the risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE).[1] Post‐TIPS HE has become the major drawback in the era of dedicated stents. We congratulate the authors for providing evidence that may help further decrease post‐TIPS HE. However, several issues may need further discussion. Firstly, the definition of SPSS was not unified between different studies.[2,3] The present study excluded gastroesophageal varices (GOVs) inconsistent with the previous definition of SPSS.[3] However, gastro‐paraesophageal shunts observed on the portography of the TIPS were included. It is not clear whether the GOVs or which type of shunt were included in the final analysis. Embolization of GOVs has an unneglectable impact on post‐TIPS HE, among other outcomes. Besides, the measurement of the diameter of SPSS is not comparable.[1,3] Secondly, the obliteration of SPSS is influenced by the technique used and the patency of TIPS. Splenorenal shunt accounted for more than 80% of the present study. Coil embolization of the SPSS and obliteration of the whole shunt using balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) are the most common interventional techniques. Previous studies have demonstrated that gastric varices and gastrorenal shunt could remain patent after TIPS plus coil embolization.[4] BRTO, in which a sclerosing agent is administered into the SPSS directly under balloon occlusion, may obliterate the shunt permanently.[5] Therefore, the actual obliteration rate of the SPSS in the current study following TIPS or TIPS plus embolization should be included for better interpretation of the results. CONFLICT OF INTEREST Nothing to report.
Effect of Care Management or Online Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training vs Usual Care on Self-harm Among Adults With Suicidal Ideation
Authors: Elizabeth Weinberg
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Targeting Procalcitonin Protects Vascular Barrier Integrity
Authors: Laura Brabenec, Melanie Müller, Katharina E. M. Hellenthal, Ole S. Karsten, Heorhii Pryvalov, Mandy Otto, Anna Holthenrich, Anna L. Linard Matos, Raphael Weiss, Sebastian Kintrup, Michael Hessler, Angelo Dell’Aquila, Katharina Thomas, Johannes Naß, Andreas Margraf, Astrid F. Nottebaum, Jan Rossaint, Alexander Zarbock, Dietmar Vestweber, Volker Gerke, Nana-Maria Wagner
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

Rationale: Capillary leakage frequently occurs during sepsis and after major surgery and is associated with microvascular dysfunction and adverse outcome. Procalcitonin is a well-established biomarker in inflammation without known impact on vascular integrity. Objectives: We determined how procalcitonin induces endothelial hyperpermeability and how targeting procalcitonin protects vascular barrier integrity. Methods: In a prospective observational clinical study, procalcitonin levels were assessed in 50 patients who underwent cardiac surgery and correlated to postoperative fluid and vasopressor requirements along with sublingual microvascular functionality. Effects of the procalcitonin signaling pathway on endothelial barrier and adherens junctional integrity were characterized in vitro and verified in mice. Inhibition of procalcitonin activation by dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) was evaluated in murine polymicrobial sepsis and clinically verified in cardiac surgery patients chronically taking the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin. Measurements and Main Results: Elevated postoperative procalcitonin levels identified patients with 2-fold increased fluid requirements (P < 0.01), 1.8-fold higher vasopressor demand (P < 0.05), and compromised microcirculation (reduction to 63.5 ± 2.8% of perfused vessels, P < 0.05). Procalcitonin induced 1.4-fold endothelial and 2.3-fold pulmonary capillary permeability (both Ps < 0.001) by destabilizing VE-cadherin. Procalcitonin effects were dependent on activation by DPP4, and targeting the procalcitonin receptor or DPP4 during sepsis-induced hyperprocalcitonemia reduced capillary leakage by 54 ± 10.1% and 60.4 ± 6.9% (both Ps < 0.01), respectively. Sitagliptin before cardiac surgery was associated with augmented microcirculation (74.1 ± 1.7% vs. 68.6 ± 1.9% perfused vessels in non-sitagliptin-medicated patients, P < 0.05) and with 2.3-fold decreased fluid (P < 0.05) and 1.8-fold reduced vasopressor demand postoperatively (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Targeting procalcitonin's action on the endothelium is a feasible means to preserve vascular integrity during systemic inflammation associated with hyperprocalcitonemia.
Harmonization and standardization of data for a pan-European cohort on SARS- CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Eugenia Rinaldi, Caroline Stellmach, Naveen Moses Raj Rajkumar, Natascia Caroccia, Chiara Dellacasa, Maddalena Giannella, Mariana Guedes, Massimo Mirandola, Gabriella Scipione, Evelina Tacconelli, Sylvia Thun
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2022)

Abstract The European project ORCHESTRA intends to create a new pan-European cohort to rapidly advance the knowledge of the effects and treatment of COVID-19. Establishing processes that facilitate the merging of heterogeneous clusters of retrospective data was an essential challenge. In addition, data from new ORCHESTRA prospective studies have to be compatible with earlier collected information to be efficiently combined. In this article, we describe how we utilized and contributed to existing standard terminologies to create consistent semantic representation of over 2500 COVID-19-related variables taken from three ORCHESTRA studies. The goal is to enable the semantic interoperability of data within the existing project studies and to create a common basis of standardized elements available for the design of new COVID-19 studies. We also identified 743 variables that were commonly used in two of the three prospective ORCHESTRA studies and can therefore be directly combined for analysis purposes. Additionally, we actively contributed to global interoperability by submitting new concept requests to the terminology Standards Development Organizations.
Correction: m6A demethylase ALKBH5 inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by reducing YTHDFs-mediated YAP expression and inhibiting miR-107/LATS2–mediated YAP activity in NSCLC
Authors: Dan Jin, Jiwei Guo, Yan Wu, Lijuan Yang, Xiaohong Wang, Jing Du, Juanjuan Dai, Weiwei Chen, Kaikai Gong, Shuang Miao, Xuelin Li, Hongliang Sun
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2022)
Pulmonary Artery Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma Mimicking a Large Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Logan P. Haug, Matthew A. Zarka, Jonathan D’Cunha, Francis X. Downey, Mahesh Seetharam, Ming Yang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract A 39-year-old man presented with progressive dyspnea and lower extremity edema. Doppler ultrasound demonstrated bilateral leg partially occluded venous thromboses. A V/Q scan revealed a mismatched perfusion defect involving the entire right middle and lower lobes. Subsequent CT pulmonary angiogram revealed a mass lesion occluding the right interlobar pulmonary artery. Endobronchial ultrasound–guided fine-needle aspiration of the mass was concerning for neoplasm. 18 F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated marked hypermetabolism of the mass lesion. Patient underwent transmediastinal right pneumonectomy with histopathologic diagnosis of pulmonary artery angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma, a rare etiology mimicking large pulmonary artery embolism.
A lonely planet: time to tackle loneliness as a public health issue
Authors: Ding Ding, Robert Eres, Daniel L Surkalim
Journal: BMJ (2022)

social relationships lie at the core of social wellbeing.Loneliness, defined as the discrepancy between one's desired and actual social relationships, has been linked to a range of health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease, 1 cognitive impairment, 2 and early death.