tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trends in Rural and Urban Cigarette Smoking Quit Ratios in the US From 2010 to 2020
Authors: Maria A. Parker, Andrea H. Weinberger, Emma M. Eggers, Erik S. Parker, Andrea C. Villanti
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Findings from 2010-2020 NSDUH data support a persistent rural-urban disparity.Higher smoking prevalence and lower quit ratios were observed in rural vs urban areas after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.These results may reflect an earlier stage of motivation to quit 5 and reporting of higher nicotine dependence and heaviness of smoking among rural vs urban residents. 6Rural residents may also face structural barriers to cessation services, including lower rates of insurance coverage and fewer available health care practitioners, 3 which warrant future research.A study strength is its high external validity.Limitations include its cross-sectional design, although we used multiple years of data, and potential measurement error from self-reported data.Intervention at the clinical setting, health system, or population level might improve reach and sustainability of cessation services for rural, especially older, residents.Leveraging existing quit lines and telehealth solutions may minimize barriers to accessing cessation services.
Prognostic or Therapeutic—The Role of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Contemporary Practice
Authors: Kristen E. Rhodin, Georgia M. Beasley, Douglas S. Tyler
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Oral eltanexor treatment of patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndrome refractory to hypomethylating agents
Authors: Sangmin Lee, Sanjay Mohan, Jessica Knupp, Kamal Chamoun, Adrienne de Jonge, Fan Yang, Erkan Baloglu, Jatin Shah, Michael G. Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Bhavana Bhatnagar
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2022)

Abstract Patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) refractory to hypomethylating agents (HMAs) have limited therapeutic options and an expected overall survival (OS) of 3–5 months. Eltanexor is an investigational oral selective inhibitor of nuclear export with low central nervous system penetrance and an acceptable tolerability profile. Preclinical studies suggest that myeloid malignancies are sensitive to nuclear export inhibition. Eltanexor exhibited efficacy in hematologic models, supporting exploration in a clinical trial. This phase 1/2 study (NCT02649790) assessed single-agent activity of eltanexor in patients with higher-risk MDS and 5–19% myeloblasts. Two starting doses of eltanexor were evaluated: 20 mg ( n = 15), 10 mg ( n = 5), both administered on days 1–5 each week of a 28-day cycle. Twenty patients with primary HMA-refractory MDS, with a median age of 77 years (range 62–89), and a median of two prior treatment regimens (range 1–4) were enrolled. Of these, 15 were evaluated for efficacy and 20 for safety. The overall response rate (ORR) was 53.3%, with seven patients (46.7%) achieving marrow complete remission (mCR) and one additional patient achieving hematologic improvement (HI). In the 10 mg group, three patients (60%) reached mCR and two (40%) stable disease (SD), while for 20 mg, four patients (40%) had mCR and two (20%) SD. A total of three patients (20%) had HI and became transfusion independent ≥ 8 weeks. Median OS for the efficacy-evaluable patients ( n = 15) was 9.86 months (7.98, NE). Overall, the most frequently reported treatment-related adverse events were nausea (45%), diarrhea (35%), decreased appetite (35%), fatigue and neutropenia (both 30%). Single-agent oral eltanexor was active, safe, and well tolerated in patients with higher-risk, primary HMA-refractory MDS.
Anticipating Pharmacological Perturbation With Human Genetic Variation—Lessons From CETP
Authors: Pradeep Natarajan, Marc S. Sabatine
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Association of Endocrine Therapy Initiation Timeliness With Adherence and Continuation in Low-Income Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Nikita Sood, Ying Liu, Min Lian, Tracy Greever-Rice, Jill Lucht, Chester Schmaltz, Graham A. Colditz
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Though adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) has proven efficacy in treating hormone receptor–positive (HR-positive) breast cancer, patient adherence to AET and continuation of treatment as recommended by guidelines remain suboptimal, especially for low-income patients. <h3>Objective</h3> To quantify timelines for initiating AET and assess their association with short- and long-term adherence and continuation of AET in low-income women with breast cancer. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This population-based retrospective cohort study included women younger than 65 years diagnosed with first primary HR-positive breast cancer between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2013, followed up for 5 years after the first use of AET through December 2018, and identified from the linked Missouri Cancer Registry and Medicaid claims data set. <h3>Exposures</h3> Time to initiation (TTI) as days from the date of last treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy) to the first date of AET prescription fill. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The main outcomes were adherence to AET as medication possession ratio of 80% or greater and continuation of AET as no gap in medication supply for at least 90 days. Odds ratios (ORs) of adherence and continuation over 1 to 5 years were estimated using logistic regression adjusted for demographic, clinical, and neighborhood variables. Analyses were performed between September 1, 2020, and May 31, 2022. <h3>Results</h3> Among 1711 patients, median TTI was 53 (IQR, 26-117) days. A total of 1029 patients (60.1%) were aged 50 to 64 years old, 1270 (74.2%) were non-Hispanic White, and 1133 (66.2%) were unmarried. In the first year after initiation, 1317 (77.0%) were adherent and 1015 (59.3%) continued AET. Over the full 5 years, 376 (22.0%) were adherent and 409 (23.9%) continued AET. Longer TTI was significantly associated with poorer adherence at every year, with an OR of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.95-0.99) for 1-year adherence and an OR of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.90-0.97) for 5-year adherence per 1-month increase in TTI. Longer TTI was also associated with lower odds of short-term, but not long-term, continuation (OR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.95-0.99] for 1-year continuation and 0.98 [95% CI, 0.96-0.99] for 2-year continuation). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this cohort study, longer time to AET initiation was associated with lower odds of short-term and long-term adherence to AET in Medicaid-insured patients with breast cancer. Therefore, early interventions targeting treatment initiation timelines may positively impact adherence throughout the course of treatment and, therefore, outcomes.
Just How Low a Model for End-stage Liver Disease Score Benefits From Living-Donor Liver Transplant?
Authors: Andrew MacGregor Cameron
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Association of Oxidative Stress–Induced Nucleic Acid Damage With Psychiatric Disorders in Adults
Authors: Anders Jorgensen, Ida Bendixen Baago, Zerlina Rygner, Martin Balslev Jorgensen, Per Kragh Andersen, Lars Vedel Kessing, Henrik Enghusen Poulsen
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2022)

Nucleic acid damage from oxidative stress (NA-OXS) may be a molecular mechanism driving the severely increased morbidity and mortality from somatic causes in adults with psychiatric disorders.To systematically retrieve and analyze data on NA-OXS across the psychiatric disorder diagnostic spectrum.The PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception to November 16, 2021. A hand search of reference lists of relevant articles was also performed.Key study inclusion criteria in this meta-analysis were as follows: adult human study population, measurement of any marker of DNA or RNA damage from oxidative stress, and either a (1) cross-sectional design comparing patients with psychiatric disorders (any diagnosis) with a control group or (2) prospective intervention. Two authors screened the studies, and 2 senior authors read the relevant articles in full and assessed them for eligibility.The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Two authors performed data extraction independently, and a senior coauthor was consulted in cases of disagreement. Data were synthesized with random-effects and multilevel meta-analyses.The predefined hypothesis was that individuals with psychiatric disorders have increased NA-OXS levels. The main outcome was the standardized mean differences (SMDs) among patients and controls in nucleic acid oxidation markers compared across diagnostic groups. Analyses were divided into combinations of biological matrices and nucleic acids.Eighty-two studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, comprising 205 patient vs control group comparisons and a total of 10 151 patient and 10 532 control observations. Overall, the data showed that patients with psychiatric disorders had higher NA-OXS levels vs controls across matrices and molecules. Pooled effect sizes ranged from moderate for urinary DNA markers (SMD = 0.44 [95% CI, 0.20-0.68]; P < .001) to very large for blood cell DNA markers (SMD = 1.12 [95% CI, 0.69-1.55; P < .001). Higher NA-OXS levels were observed among patients with dementias followed by psychotic and bipolar disorders. Sensitivity analyses excluding low-quality studies did not materially alter the results. Intervention studies were few and too heterogenous for meaningful meta-analysis.The results of this meta-analysis suggest that there is an association with increased NA-OXS levels in individuals across the psychiatric disorder diagnostic spectrum. NA-OXS may play a role in the somatic morbidity and mortality observed among individuals with psychiatric disorders.
The Yeti Effect in Incisional Hernia Repair—Footprints Seem Huge at First Glance
Authors: Benjamin T. Miller, Michael J. Rosen
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Footprints tell a story, but without knowing key details—Who left them? How old are they?—it is easy to misunderstand them. Likewise, without understanding details of the mesh footprint in incisional hernia repair, we may misinterpret its story.
Effectiveness Associated With BNT162b2 Vaccine Against Emergency Department and Urgent Care Encounters for Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Adolescents Aged 12 to 17 Years
Authors: Sara Y. Tartof, Timothy B. Frankland, Jeff M. Slezak, Laura Puzniak, Vennis Hong, Fagen Xie, Bradley K. Ackerson, Srinivas R. Valluri, Luis Jodar, John M. McLaughlin
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Data about the duration of protection of 2 and 3 doses of BNT162b2 in children and adolescents are needed to help inform recommendations for boosters in this age group.To evaluate vaccine effectiveness (VE) and durability associated with 2 doses of BNT162b2 against Delta- and Omicron-related emergency department (ED) and urgent care (UC) encounters among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years and to estimate VE associated with 3 doses against these same outcomes.This test-negative case-control study was conducted at Kaiser Permanente Southern California, an integrated health care system using electronic health records in the US. Participants included Kaiser Permanente Southern California members ages 12 to 17 years with an ED or UC encounter from November 1, 2021, through March 18, 2022, for acute respiratory infection who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 via a reverse transction-polymerase chain reaction test. Analyses were conducted from March 21 to June 22, 2022.BNT162b2 vaccination status ascertained from electronic health records and state registry data.The main outcome was VE associated with BNT162b2 against ED and UC encounters related to Delta or Omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 infection.Analyses were conducted among 3168 adolescents, including 1004 with ED visits and 2164 with UC visits. Median (IQR) age was 15 (13-16) years, and 1461 (46.1%) were boys. In adjusted analyses, VE associated with 2 doses of BNT162b2 against ED or UC encounters was highest within the first 2 months for both Delta (89% [95% CI, 69% to 96%]) and Omicron (73% [95% CI, 54% to 84%]) variants but waned to 49% (95% CI, 27% to 65%) for the Delta variant and 16% (95% CI, -7% to 34%) for the Omicron variant at 6 months and beyond. A third dose of BNT162b2 was associated with improved protection against the Omicron variant (87% [95% CI, 72% to 94%]) after a median (IQR) of 19 (9-32) days after dose 3.These findings suggest that 2 doses of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine were associated with high levels of protection against ED and UC encounters related to the Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 in the first few months after vaccination. However, effectiveness waned over time, especially against Omicron. A third dose of BNT162b2 was associated with improved protection against Omicron beyond that seen initially after 2 doses, underscoring the importance of boosters for adolescents aged 12 to 17 years.
Inhibition of LSD1 with Bomedemstat Sensitizes Small Cell Lung Cancer to Immune Checkpoint Blockade and T-Cell Killing
Authors: Joseph B. Hiatt, Holly Sandborg, Sarah M. Garrison, Henry U. Arnold, Sheng-You Liao, Justin P. Norton, Travis J. Friesen, Feinan Wu, Kate D. Sutherland, Hugh Y. Rienhoff, Renato Martins, A. McGarry Houghton, Shivani Srivastava, David MacPherson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Purpose: The addition of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) to platinum/etoposide chemotherapy changed the standard of care for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) treatment. However, ICB addition only modestly improved clinical outcomes, likely reflecting the high prevalence of an immunologically “cold” tumor microenvironment in SCLC, despite high mutational burden. Nevertheless, some patients clearly benefit from ICB and recent reports have associated clinical responses to ICB in SCLC with (i) decreased neuroendocrine characteristics and (ii) activation of NOTCH signaling. We previously showed that inhibition of the lysine-specific demethylase 1a (LSD1) demethylase activates NOTCH and suppresses neuroendocrine features of SCLC, leading us to investigate whether LSD1 inhibition would enhance the response to PD-1 inhibition in SCLC. Experimental Design: We employed a syngeneic immunocompetent model of SCLC, derived from a genetically engineered mouse model harboring Rb1/Trp53 inactivation, to investigate combining the LSD1 inhibitor bomedemstat with anti-PD-1 therapy. In vivo experiments were complemented by cell-based studies in murine and human models. Results: Bomedemstat potentiated responses to PD-1 inhibition in a syngeneic model of SCLC, resulting in increased CD8+ T-cell infiltration and strong tumor growth inhibition. Bomedemstat increased MHC class I expression in mouse SCLC tumor cells in vivo and augmented MHC-I induction by IFNγ and increased killing by tumor-specific T cells in cell culture. Conclusions: LSD1 inhibition increased MHC-I expression and enhanced responses to PD-1 inhibition in vivo, supporting a new clinical trial to combine bomedemstat with standard-of-care PD-1 axis inhibition in SCLC.
Kidney–Urinary Tract Involvement in Intermediate Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: Laura Trefzer, Agnes Schwieger-Briel, Alexander Nyström, Gregor Conradt, Martin Pohl, Arkadiusz Miernik, Cristina Has
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

Kidney-urinary tract (KUT) manifestations cause substantial morbidity in patients with junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB), but the spectrum of disease severity and the clinical course have been poorly characterized.To examine in a large cohort of patients with intermediate JEB the KUT manifestations, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, genotype-phenotype correlations, and outcomes as a basis for recommendations, prognosis, and management.In this retrospective, longitudinal case series study, 99 patients with a diagnosis of JEB based on clinical and genetic findings who were treated in a single dermatology department in Freiburg, Germany, were assessed during an 18-year period (January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2021). Clinical, laboratory, and molecular genetic parameters were extracted from patients' medical records.Clinical characteristics, natural history, management of KUT manifestations, and genotype-phenotype correlations of intermediate JEB.Of the 183 patients with JEB, 99 (54%) had intermediate JEB and were included in this cohort. The cohort included 49 female patients and 50 male patients. None of 49 female patients and 15 of 50 male patients had KUT involvement affecting different levels of the urinary tract, resulting in a prevalence of 30% for males; thus, the overall prevalence was 15%. The mean age at onset of KUT manifestations was 6.9 years (range, first weeks of life to 20 years; age was not available for 1 patient). Median follow-up after diagnosis of KUT involvement was 13 years (range, 3 months to 54 years). Patients with laminin 332 or integrin β4 deficiency had at least 1 missense or splice site genetic variant, leading to residual expression of laminin 332 or integrin α6β4, respectively. Severity of KUT complications did not correlate with the extent of skin involvement but with the affected protein.Physicians and patients with JEB should be aware of the risk for KUT involvement in intermediate JEB, and physicians should apply interdisciplinary and individualized diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for management of these complications. Because this disorder is so rare, multicenter studies are required to make general recommendations.
Associations of Emergency Department Visits for Asthma with Precipitation and Temperature on Thunderstorm Days: A Time-Series Analysis of Data from Louisiana, USA, 2010–2012
Authors: Ju-Hyeong Park, Eungul Lee, Ethan D. Fechter-Leggett, Ellie Williams, Shobha Yadav, Arundhati Bakshi, Stefanie Ebelt, Jesse E. Bell, Heather Strosnider, Ginger L. Chew
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2022)

Background: Studies of thunderstorm asthma to understand risk factors using high-resolution climate data and asthma outcomes on a large scale are scarce. Moreover, thunderstorm asthma is not well studied in the United States. Objectives: We examined whether climate parameters involved in thunderstorms are associated with emergency department (ED) visits for acute asthma attacks in the United States. Methods: We analyzed 63,789 asthma-related, daily ED visits for all age groups, and thunderstorm-associated climate data in Louisiana during 2010 through 2012. We performed time-series analyses using quasi-Poisson regression models with natural cubic splines of date, parish, holiday, day of week, season, daily maximum concentrations of ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter [PM ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)], and daily mean pressure, precipitation, and temperature. Because of a significant interaction effect between temperature and lightning days on asthma-related visits, we performed stratified analyses by days with/without lightning or thunderstorm (defined by any lightning and precipitation). Results: On thunderstorm days, higher asthma-related ED visits were associated with higher daily mean precipitation [relative risk (RR)=1.145 per 1 g/m2/s (95% CI: 1.009, 1.300)] and lower daily mean temperature [RR=1.011 per 1°C change (1.000–1.021)] without carry-over effect to the next non-thunderstorm day. These higher risks were found mainly among children and adults <65 years of age. We observed similar results on lightning days. However, we did not find similar associations for non-thunderstorm or non-lightning days. Daily maximum O3 and PM2.5 levels were not significantly associated with asthma ED visits on thunderstorm days. Discussion: Higher precipitation and lower temperature on thunderstorm days appear to contribute to asthma attacks among people with asthma, suggesting they should consider taking precautions during thunderstorms. EDs should consider preparing for a potential increase of asthma-related visits and ensuring sufficient stock of emergency medication and supplies for forecasted severe thunderstorm days. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10440
Central Nervous System Efficacy of Furmonertinib (AST2818) Versus Gefitinib as First-Line Treatment for EGFR-Mutated NSCLC: Results From the FURLONG Study
Authors: Yuankai Shi, Gongyan Chen, Xiang Wang, Yunpeng Liu, Lin Wu, Yanrong Hao, Chunling Liu, Shuyang Zhu, Xiaodong Zhang, Yuping Li, Jiwei Liu, Lejie Cao, Ying Cheng, Hui Zhao, Shucai Zhang, Aimin Zang, Jiuwei Cui, Jian Feng, Nong Yang, Fei Liu, Yong Jiang, Chuan Gu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2022)