The global, regional, and national burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia in 204 countries and territories from 2000 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Atalel Fentahun Awedew, Hannah Han, Behzad Abbasi, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Omar Almidani, Erfan Amini, Jalal Arabloo, Ayele Mamo Argaw, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Daniel Atlaw, Maciej Banach, Amadou Barrow, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja, Boris Bikbov, Belay Boda Abule Bodicha, Nadeem Shafique Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Linh Phuong Doan, Sahar Eftekharzadeh, Ali Fatehizadeh, Tushar Garg, Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel, Motuma Erena Getachew, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Syed Amir Gilani, Mahaveer Golechha, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Simon I Hay, Mohammad-Salar Hosseini, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Ayesha Humayun, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Shubha Jayaram, Seyed Behzad Jazayeri, Alelign Tasew Jema, Ali Kabir, Ibraheem M Karaye, Yousef Saleh Khader, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Iván Landires, Sang-woong Lee, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Stephen S Lim, Stany W Lobo, Azeem Majeed, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Narges Malih, Ahmad Azam Malik, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Tomislav Mestrovic, Irmina Maria Michalek, Gedefaye Nibret Mihrtie, Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Awoke Temesgen Misganaw, Ali H Mokdad, Mariam Molokhia, Christopher J L Murray, Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy, Son Hoang Nguyen, Ali Nowroozi, Virginia Nuñez-Samudio, Mayowa O Owolabi, Shrikant Pawar, Norberto Perico, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Reza Rawassizadeh, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Chethan Sampath, Jeevan K Shetty, Migbar Mekonnen Sibhat, Jasvinder A Singh, Ker-Kan Tan, Gebremaryam Temesgen, Musliu Adetola Tolani, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Rohollah Valizadeh, Bay Vo, Linh Gia Vu, Lin Yang, Fereshteh Yazdanpanah, Arzu Yigit, Vahit Yiğit, Ismaeel Yunusa, Mazyar Zahir, Theo Vos, M Ashworth Dirac
Journal: The Lancet Healthy Longevity (2022)

BackgroundBenign prostatic hyperplasia is a common urological disease affecting older men worldwide, but comprehensive data about the global, regional, and national burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia and its trends over time are scarce. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we estimated global trends in, and prevalence of, benign prostatic hyperplasia and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia, in 21 regions and 204 countries and territories from 2000 to 2019.MethodsThis study was conducted with GBD 2019 analytical and modelling strategies. Primary prevalence data came from claims from three countries and from hospital inpatient encounters from 45 locations. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR version 2.1, was used to estimate the age-specific, location-specific, and year-specific prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Age-standardised prevalence was calculated by the direct method using the GBD reference population. Years lived with disability (YLDs) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia were estimated by multiplying the disability weight by the symptomatic proportion of the prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Because we did not estimate years of life lost associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) equalled YLDs. The final estimates were compared across Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles. The 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were estimated as the 25th and 975th of 1000 ordered draws from a bootstrap distribution.FindingsGlobally, there were 94·0 million (95% UI 73·2 to 118) prevalent cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia in 2019, compared with 51·1 million (43·1 to 69·3) cases in 2000. The age-standardised prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia was 2480 (1940 to 3090) per 100 000 people. Although the global number of prevalent cases increased by 70·5% (68·6 to 72·7) between 2000 and 2019, the global age-standardised prevalence remained stable (–0·770% [–1·56 to 0·0912]). The age-standardised prevalence in 2019 ranged from 6480 (5130 to 8080) per 100 000 in eastern Europe to 987 (732 to 1320) per 100 000 in north Africa and the Middle East. All five SDI quintiles observed an increase in the absolute DALY burden between 2000 and 2019. The most rapid increases in the absolute DALY burden were seen in the middle SDI quintile (94·7% [91·8 to 97·6]), the low-middle SDI quintile (77·3% [74·1 to 81·2]), and the low SDI quintile (77·7% [72·9 to 83·2]). Between 2000 and 2019, age-standardised DALY rates changed less, but the three lower SDI quintiles (low, low-middle, and middle) saw small increases, and the two higher SDI quintiles (high and high-middle SDI) saw small decreases.InterpretationThe absolute burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia is rising at an alarming rate in most of the world, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries that are currently undergoing rapid demographic and epidemiological changes. As more people are living longer worldwide, the absolute burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia is expected to continue to rise in the coming years, highlighting the importance of monitoring and planning for future health system strain.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.TranslationFor the Amharic translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.