tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Formulary Bellevue Hospital
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ventricular tachycardia associated with non-freon aerosol propellants
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The case of a 2-year-old child who presented with seizures and ventricular tachycardia after exposure to the aerosol propellants isobutane,<i>n</i>-butane, and propane reported by Wason et al<sup>1</sup>poses a major question: was the exposure of the previously well child to these propellants sufficient to produce the respiratory arrest, coma, seizure activity, and episodes of ventricular tachycardia that recurred for more than four hours? The authors claim that "significant exposure" occurred because the three propellants were identified in a blood sample obtained two hours following the exposure. Regrettably, the authors failed to disclose the blood concentrations of the propellants, which prevents an accurate assessment of the amount absorbed. The authors also failed to report the weight of the aerosol can, which prevents estimation of the maximum amount expelled. Therefore, the magnitude of the exposure remains in serious doubt. The child's seizure activity began immediately following
Reference groups: comparing oranges with oranges and apples with apples
Authors: G. Lum
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The article by Ryder et al, "Serum Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Activity in Patients With Histoplasmosis" (p 1888), provides a good opportunity to discuss a common error in the clinical assessment of any proposed new diagnostic test. Such a test is often developed for the diagnosis of a specific disease. It is then found to show positive results in a high percentage of patients with the disease. Next, a control group, often consisting of a group of volunteers, healthy medical students, some blood donors, or a randomly selected group of laboratory technicians, is selected for testing. The results are found to be normal, or negative, in this control group; on that basis, the laboratory test is then claimed to be specific for the disease. Results of the clinical evaluation of this new laboratory test are published in a medical journal; there is a resultant flush of enthusiasm for the test. Clinicians
Hemochromatosis
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Increases in Unsafe Sex and Rectal Gonorrhea Among Men Who Have Sex With Men-- San Francisco, California, 1994-1997
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Reductions in AIDS cases among men who have sex with men (MSM) have been attributed in part to widespread declines in unprotected anal sex since the mid-1980s and use of increasingly effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) since the mid-1990s. Because data about HIV infection incidence are limited, other indicators of transmission risk have been used. In San Francisco, data from annual behavioral surveys among MSM (1994-1997) and from the sexually transmitted disease (STD) surveillance program (1990-1997) were analyzed to characterize changes in HIV risk behaviors of MSM and changes in incidence of male rectal gonorrhea. This report describes the findings of these analyses, which indicate increases in unsafe sexual behavior and increases in rates of rectal gonorrhea among MSM.
Herbert Abrams: how best to resolve uncertainty
Authors: Beverly J. Montgomery
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The imaging revolution has assumed great prominence in the medical world in the past year or two. Few organ systems or structures of the body remain inaccessible with at least one of the new tools of radiology, though improvements are still needed. Last year, in fact, radiology equipment claimed the greatest part of most hospital budgets. To comment on these major changes,<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS sought out Herbert L. Abrams, MD, chairman of the Department of Radiology at Harvard Medical School and at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston. For over 20 years, Abrams has been at the forefront of many advances that have led up to the present "revolution," particularly in the field of cardiovascular radiology. For example, while first teaching at Stanford more than two decades ago, he helped develop biplane cineangiocardiography linked to image amplification. "It's taken a while for the rest of the world to catch up,"
Abstract CT052: A Phase Ib and II clinical trial investigating the efficacy of nitric oxide deprivation and docetaxel in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Andrew W. Chung, Joe E. Ensor, Jorge Darcourt, Anna Belcheva, Tejal Patel, Jenny C. Chang, Polly A. Niravath
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease that currently lacks an efficacious form of therapy. Cancer relapse is thought to be initiated by chemotherapy-resistant breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Our previous studies revealed that BCSCs utilize inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-derived nitric oxide to promote their proliferation, migration, and self-renewal capacity. In an effort to target BCSCs, we found that iNOS inhibition with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) sensitized BCSCs to docetaxel in TNBC xenograft models, leading to decreased tumor burden. These findings suggest that BCSC resist conventional therapy in a nitric oxide-dependent manner and that combination of L-NMMA with docetaxel will effectively target BCSCs to prevent further relapse. A phase Ib/II clinical trial was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose, recommended phase 2 dose (R2PD), dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), and efficacy of the L-NMMA and docetaxel combination in chemo-refractory Stage III and IV TNBC patients. For the phase Ib portion of the study, a standard Bayesian continual reassessment method is being used to investigate 7 dose levels of L-NMMA (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, and 20 mg/kg) and two dose levels of docetaxel (75 and 100 mg/m2). Twenty patients have been recruited to date, and based on current pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety data, the RP2D is expected to be docetaxel 100 mg/m2 (Day 1) and L-NMMA 20 mg/kg (Days 1-5) every 3 weeks. At the RP2D, 87.5% of the patients experienced a decrease in total serum nitrates and nitrates at Day 2 (p = 0.0156, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank) as compared to baseline, and 75% experienced a decrease at Day 5 (p = 0.1484). Two and three patients received 15 mg/kg L-NMMA + 75 mg/m2 docetaxel and 17.5 mg/kg L-NMMA + 100 mg/m2 docetaxel, respectively. Of these 5 patients, one partial responder completed 8 cycles before discontinuing treatment due to taxane-associated neuropathy. Among the nine patients treated at the RP2D, only one taxane-associated DLT occurred. The overall response rate for patients treated at the higher doses was 33.3% as determined by RECIST 1.1. Early results of the phase Ib/II trial indicate the safety, tolerability, and promising activity of the first-in-class pan-NOS inhibitor L-NMMA in combination with chemotherapy in the treatment of chemo-refractory TNBC. Citation Format: Andrew W. Chung, Joe E. Ensor, Jorge Darcourt, Anna Belcheva, Tejal Patel, Jenny C. Chang, Polly A. Niravath. A Phase Ib and II clinical trial investigating the efficacy of nitric oxide deprivation and docetaxel in triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT052.
Response
Authors: R. E. WITTES
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Journal Article Response Get access ROBERT E. WITTES ROBERT E. WITTES Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, MD 20892 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 19, 7 December 1988, Page 1574, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.19.1574-a Published: 07 December 1988
Implications of Aquatic Animal Health for Human Health
Authors: Clyde J. Dawe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Human health and aquatic animal health are organically related at three distinct interfaces. Aquatic animals serve as important contributors to the nutritional protein, lipid, and vitamin requirements of humans; as carriers and transmitters of many infectious and parasitic diseases to which humans are susceptible; and as indicators of toxic and carcinogenic substances that they can convey, in some part, from aquatic environments to man and other terrestrial animals. Transcending these relationships, but less visible and definable to many, is the role that aquatic animals play in the sustenance of our integrated planetary ecosystem. Up to the present, this ecosystem has been compatible with mankind's occupation of a niche within it at high but ultimately limited population levels. In the past century we have become clearly aware that human activities, particularly over-harvesting of aquatic animals together with chemical degradation of their habitats, can quite rapidly lead to perturbances that drastically shift aquatic ecosystems toward conditions of low productivity and impaired function as one of earth's vital organs. The negative values of aquatic animals as disease vectors are far outweighed by their positive values as nutritional sources and as sustainers of a relatively stable equilibrium in the global ecosystem. In the immediate future we can expect to see increased and improved monitoring of aquatic habitats to determine the extent to which aquatic animals cycle anthropogenic toxic and carcinogenic chemicals back to human consumers. In the long term, methods are particularly needed to assess the effects of these pollutants on reproductive success in aquatic communities and in human communities as well. As inputs of habitat-degrading substances change in quality and quantity, it becomes increasingly urgent to evaluate the consequences in advance, not in retrospect. A new, more realistic and comprehensive philosophy regarding aquatic environmental preservation and equally new and comprehensive technological advances reflective of this philosophy will be required. In the next century we will see a serious test of whether or not mankind has lost its ability to foresee and forestall the side effects of scientific and technological ingenuity.
The development of family medicine. Problematic trends
Authors: D. C. Ransom
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The terms "family practice" and "family medicine" refer to different levels of activity and should be kept conceptually distinct. Using family practice and family medicine interchangeably blurs important differences between the two and encourages confusion between the issues of family medicine and those of primary care. This confusion, in turn, is contributing to a set of trends that threatens the continued development of family medicine as it is understood here. By developing family medicine as a discipline in its own right, the way is cleared for viewing the family as a vital system of medical concern and for putting the family into the center of medical-care delivery. The result would be a closer working relationship between family medicine and family practice than now exists.
* What role does surgery play in the modern day management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding?
Authors: V. Jairath, R. Logan, S. Hearnshaw, B. Kahan, S. Travis, M. Murphy, K. Palmer
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Combinations of endoscopic, pharmacological and radiological intervention appears to have reduced the need for surgery in non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB), for what was once a condition primarily managed by surgeons. The place of surgery in today9s management of NVUGIB remains poorly characterised. <h3>Methods</h3> We examined the clinical characteristics, sequence of intervention and outcomes of NVUGIB in a nationwide study, by analysing patients coming to surgery in the 2007 national audit of Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding1. <h3>Results</h3> The study recruited 6,750 patients. Only 1.9% (127/6750) underwent surgery. The mean age was 69.4 (SD 15) years, 60% (75/127) male, with median of 1 co-morbid illnesses. Indications for surgery were uncontrolled bleeding/high risk stigmata of haemorrhage in 82% (104/127), peritonitis/perforation in 12% (15/127), malignancy in 4% (5/127), and other indications in 9% (12/127). Surgical procedures were oversew or under-run of an ulcer in 65% (83/127), partial gastrectomy in 9% (12/127), excision of an ulcer with vagotomy/pyloroplasty (2%) and other procedure in 20%. Surgery was performed outside of normal working hours in 54% (69/127), lead by a consultant surgeon in 71% (90/127) with a consultant anaesthetist in 64% (81/127). A median of 1 endoscopy was performed prior to surgery and 5% (6/127) had also undergone mesenteric angiography, with apparently successful embolisation in 33% (2/6) of cases. Mortality following surgery was 30% (38/127). Post-operative complications occurred in 65% (82/127). Compared to patients managed non-surgically, patients requiring surgery were older (mean 69.4yrs vs. 64.3 yrs, p&lt;0.0001), more likely to have been shocked (66% vs. 36% p&lt;0.0001), transfused a greater number of red cells (median 9 units vs. 4 units, p&lt;0.0001) and have a higher complete Rockall score (median 6 vs. 4, p&lt;0.0001). AUROC analysis showed that the complete Rockall score usefully predicted the need for surgery (AUC 0.74, 95% CI 0.7-0.78), but the clinical Rockall score did not (AUC 0.613, 95%CI 0.56-0.67). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Modern day management of NVUGIB rarely requires surgical intervention. Given the high mortality and complication rates of patients following surgery, its role and timeliness needs re-evaluation in the hope of improving outcomes following AUGIB.
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Ian Gralnek
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

A number of interesting abstracts on gastrointestinal bleeding and endoscopy were presented at Digestive Disease Week (DDW) this year (3 – 6 May 2014, Chicago, Illinois). The following abstracts are those that have particular high clinical importance and the potential for direct impact on the endoscopic care of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding.
Successful treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia in a pregnant Jehoviah's Witness with all‐trans retinoic acid, rhG‐CSF, and erythropoietin
Authors: Che‐Pin Lin, Ming‐Jer Huang, Hsing‐Jin Liu, Ian Y. Chang, Churng‐Hsiun Tsai
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)
Case for free contraceptives.
Journal: BMJ (1973)

feld-Jacob disease) and two of animals (scrapie in sheep and goats1' and mink encephalopathyl2).All these diseases have incubation periods of months or years and an unremitting, fatal course.Both diseases of man have been transmitted to other primates, and neither in them nor in man has any specific immunological response to the infections been de- tected.Another type of slow infection, caused by myxovirus- like agents, is exemplified by two sheep diseases,13-namely, maedi (a slowly progressive pneumonia) and visna (a slowly progressive meningoencephalomyelitis). Both are found in Iceland, though maedi-like diseases have also been des- cribed in Europe, North America, and India.Antibody res- ponses occur in both diseases.These and also scrapie appear to attack genetically susceptible animals, and sus- ceptibility to many chronic forms of virus disease in man may depend on genetically determined factors.Much difficult and time-consuming research remains to be done before these various pathological manifestations of prolonged virus infectionswhich may include multiple sclerosis and some forms of malignant disease-are under- stood.But a considerable start has been made, and with further understanding at least some of these diseases may be preventable.I Host-Virus Reactions with Special Reference to Persistent Agents, ed.G.
Prevention of heat illness in football players
Authors: R. J. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Football practice in high schools and colleges in the United States begins at any time from the middle of August to early September and is performed with a full uniform on some of the hottest days of the summer. During the past decade, a significant number of deaths from heat stroke have occurred in athletics.<sup>1,2</sup>It is the purpose of this paper to attempt to provide a simple and inexpensive clinical guide to help team physicians and coaches recognize when conditions exist on the field which could predispose persons to problems of excessive heat. The amount of weight loss during a practice session is one excellent index of the amount of work performed in the environmental conditions which exist. Weight loss is primarily a result of work done, but the environmental temperature and humidity play a major role. The problem imposed by rising humidity (which is a function of
INSANITY IN LEAD-WORKERS.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Monitoring Populations for DNA Repair Deficiency and for Cancer Susceptibility
Authors: William W. Au, Gregg S. Wilkinson, Stephen K. Tyring, Marvin S. Legator, Randa El Zein, Lance Hallberg, Moon Y. Heo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The induction of a mutator phenotype has been hypothesized to cause the accumulation of multiple mutations in the development of cancer.Recent evidence suggests that the mutator phenotype is associated with DNA repair deficiencies.We have been using a challenge assay to study exposed populations to test our hypothesis that exposure to environmental toxicants can induce DNA repair deficiency in somatic cells.In this assay, lymphocytes were irradiated in vitro to challenge cells to repair the radiation-induced DNA strand breaks.An increase of chromosome aberrations in the challenged cells from toxicant-exposed populations compared to nonexposed populations is used to indicate abnormal DNA repair response.From studies of cigarette smokers, butadiene-exposed workers, and uranium-exposed residents, the assay showed that these exposed populations had mutagen-induced abnormal DNA repair response.The phenomenon was also demonstrated using experimental animals.Mice were exposed in vivo to two different doses of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine (MNNG) and their lymphocytes were challenged with one dose of a radiomimetic chemical, bleomycin, in vitro.These challenged lymphocytes showed an MNNG dose-dependent increase of abnormal DNA repair response.In a population that was potentially exposed to teratogens-mothers having children with neural tube defects- lymphocytes from these mothers did not have the abnormal response in our assay.In studies with patients, we reported that lymphocytes from Down's syndrome patients have the abnormal DNA repair response.Lymphocytes from skin cancer-prone patients (epidermodysplasia verruci- formis) have normal response to -ray challenge but abnormal response to UV-light challenge.These patient studies also indicate that the challenge assay is useful in documenting the radiosensitivity of Down's syndrome and the UV sensitivity in EV patients.In most cases, the challenge assay is more sensitive in detecting biological effects than the standard chromosome aberration assay.Our series of studies indicates that the challenge assay can be used to docu- ment biological effects from exposure to mutagens and that the effect is an abnormal DNA repair response.This abnormality can increase the risk for development of cancer.The repair deficiency is currently being validated using a plasmid transfection (host-reactivaton) assay.The need to integrate chromosome aberration and the challenge assays with other relevant assays for better documentation of biological effects and for more precise prediction of health risk will be presented.Our experience in using genetic polymorphism and host-reactivation assays will be discussed.