Retinoblastoma in Asia
Authors: Swathi Kaliki, Vijitha S. Vempuluru, Ashik Mohamed, Mazin Faisal Al-Jadiry, Richard Bowman, Bhavna Chawla, Syed Ahmer Hamid, Xunda Ji, Noa Kapelushnik, Rejin Kebudi, Purnima Rajkarnikar Sthapit, Duangnate Rojanaporn, Rita S. Sitorus, Yacoub Abdallah Yousef, Ido Didi Fabian, Swathi Kaliki, Vijitha S. Vempuluru, Ashik Mohamed, Rula Ahmed Abdulqader, Priyanka Aggarwal, Alia Ahmad, Marliyanti Nur Rahmah Akib, Saleh A. Al Mesfer, Mouroge Hashim Al Ani, Safaa A.Faraj Al-Badri, Ana Patricia Angeles Alcasabas, Saad A. Al-Dahmash, Christiane Al-Haddad, Hamoud Hodeish Yahya Al-Hussaini, Mazin Faisal Al-Jadiry, Usama Al-Jumaily, Hind Manaa Alkatan, Ali Abdul Razzaq Mahmood Al-Mafrachi, Athar Abdul Samad Majeed Al-Shaheen, Entissar Hadi Al-Shammary, Primawita Oktarima Amiruddin, Inggar Armytasari, Nicholas John Astbury, Hatice Tuba Atalay, Eda Ataseven, La-ongsri Atchaneeyasakul, Ruhengiz Balayeva, Covadonga Bascaran, Ainura Suranovna Begimkulova, Anirban Bhaduri, Sunil Bhat, Arpita Bhattacharyya, Sharon Blum, Richard Bowman, Jassada Buaboonnam, Matthew J. Burton, Shani Caspi, Shabana Chaudhry, Bhavna Chawla, Wensi Chen, Tsengelmaa Chuluunbat, Wantanee Dangboon, Anirban Das, Pranab Das, Sima Das, Yi Du, Gagan Dudeja, I Wayan Eka Sutyawan, Zehra Fadoo, Mohammad Faranoush, Allen Foster, Shahar Frenkel, Fariba Ghassemi, Nir Gomel, D Sanjeeva Gunasekera, Ahmet K. Gündüz, Himika Gupta, Sanjiv Gupta, Vineeta Gupta, Syed Ahmer Hamid, Norhafizah Hamzah, Murat Hasanreisoglu, Shadab Hassan, Huda Awni Haydar, Suradej Hongeng, Allawi Noor Hussein Al-Janabi, Ziyavuddin Islamov, Teyyeb Azeem Janjua, Irfan Jeeva, Xunda Ji, Dong Hyun Jo, Mehmet Kantar, Noa Kapelushnik, Rejin Kebudi, Jonny Keomisy, Zohora Jameela Khan, Hussain Ahmed Khaqan, Vikas Khetan, Alireza Khodabande, Jeong Hun Kim, Hayyam Kiratli, Irem Koç, Kittisak Kulvichit, Mayasari Wahyu Kuntorini, Cairui Li, Kaijun Li, Ben Limbu, ChunHsiu Liu, Delfitri Lutfi, Amita Mahajan, Puja Maitra, Emil Kojoshovich Makimbetov, Azza M.Y. Maktabi, Lyazat Manzhuova, Sidra Masud, Azim Mehrvar, Vikas Menon, Gary John V Mercado, Divyansh Kailash Chandra Mishra, Mona Tayseer Mohammad, Sangeeta Sanjay Mudaliar, Asma Mushtaq, Akshay Gopinathan Nair, Sundaram Natarajan, Yetty Movieta Nency, Vladimir Neroev, Murtuza Nuruddin, Halimah Pagarra, Mahesh Shanmugam Palanivelu, Ruzanna Papyan, Jacob Pe'er, Vladimir Polyakov, Ali Omer Qadir, Seema Qayyum, Jiang Qian, BoonLong Quah, Ardizal Rahman, Purnima Rajkarnikar, Rajesh Ramanjulu, Riffat Rashid, Duangnate Rojanaporn, Soma Rani Roy, Raya Hamad Saab, Svetlana Saakyan, Ahmed Hatem Sabhan, Rohit Saiju, Phayvanh Sayalith, Ahad Sedaghat, Rachna Seth, Shawkat Ara Shakoor, Manoj Kumar Sharma, Sorath Noorani Siddiqui, Usha Singh, Penny Singha, Rita S. Sitorus, Hendrian D. Soebagjo, Sadia Sultana, Xiantao Sun, Eddy Supriyadi, Supawan Surukrattanaskul, Shigenobu Suzuki, Deborah Tan, Jing Tang, Maryam Tashvighi, Kok Hoi Teh, Edi Setiawan Tehuteru, Abdullah Dahan M. Thawaba, Helen Toledano, Doan Le Trang, Devjyoti Tripathy, Samuray Tuncer, Emel Unal, Tatiana L. Ushakova, Rustam Usmanov, Nishant Verma, Andi Arus Victor, Victoria Vishnevskia-Dai, Yi-Zhuo Wang, Nutsuchar Wangtiraumnuay, Widiarti Pandu Riono, Atchareeya Wiwatwongwana, Damrong Wiwatwongwana, Emily S. Wong, Phanthipha Wongwai, Si-qi Wu, Daoman Xiang, Yishuang Xiao, Bing Xu, Kang Xue, Jason C. Yam, Huasheng Yang, Muhammad Amer Yaqub, Vera A. Yarovaya, Andrey A. Yarovoy, Huijing Ye, Yacoub Abdallah Yousef, Putu Yuliawati, Yi Zhang, Nida Zia, Marcia Zondervan, Ido Didi Fabian
Journal: Ophthalmology (2023)

PurposeTo describe the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of children diagnosed with retinoblastoma (RB) in the year 2017, throughout Asia.DesignMulti-national prospective study including treatment-naïve patients diagnosed with retinoblastoma in Asia during 2017 and followed up thereafter.ParticipantsA total of 2112 patients (2797 eyes) from 96 RB treatment centers in 33 Asian countries.InterventionChemotherapy, radiotherapy, enucleation, orbital exenterationMain Outcome MeasuresEnucleation and deathResultsWithin the cohort, 1021 (48%) patients were from South Asia (SA), 503 (24%) from East Asia (EA), 310 (15%) from South-East Asia (SEA), 218 (10%) from West Asia (WA) and 60 (3%) from Central Asia (CA). Mean age at presentation was 27 months (median, 23 months; range, <1 to 261 months). There were 1195 (57%) males and 917 (43%) females. The most common presenting complaints were leukocoria (72%) and strabismus (13%). Based on 8th edition American Joint Committee for Cancer, tumors were staged as cT1 (n=441; 16%), cT2 (n=951; 34%), cT3 (n=1136; 41%), cT4 (n=267; 10%), N1 (n=48; 2%), and M1 (n=129; 6%) at presentation. RB was treated with intravenous chemotherapy in 1450 (52%) eyes and 857 (31%) underwent primary enucleation. Three-year Kaplan-Meier estimates for enucleation and death were 33% and 13% for CA, 18% and 4% for EA, 27% and 15% for SA, 32% and 22% for SEA, 20% and 11% for WA (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001), respectively.ConclusionAt the conclusion of this study, there was a significant heterogeneity in treatment outcomes of RB between the regions of Asian continent. East Asia displayed better outcomes with higher rates of globe and life salvage, while South-East Asia had poorer outcomes compared to the rest of Asia.