Randomized phase II/III trial of veliparib or placebo in combination with adjuvant temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) patients with MGMT promoter hypermethylation (Alliance A071102).
Authors: Jann Nagina Sarkaria, Karla V. Ballman, Sani Haider Kizilbash, Erik P. Sulman, Caterina Giannini, Sandeep H. Mashru, David Eric Piccioni, Bret Edward Buckley Friday, Jesse G. Dixon, Brian Kabat, Nadia N. Laack, Leland Hu, Priya Kumthekar, Benjamin M. Ellingson, S. Keith Anderson, Evanthia Galanis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

2001 Background: PolyADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) is an important modulator of DNA repair following temozolomide (TMZ) therapy. Pre-clinical testing demonstrated significant survival benefit for the combination of TMZ and PARP inhibitor veliparib in a subset of GBM pt-derived xenografts with MGMT promoter hypermethylation. Methods: After central pathology review and MGMT testing, patients (pts) with newly diagnosed, MGMT promoter hypermethylated GBM who had completed concurrent radiation and TMZ were randomized to adjuvant therapy with TMZ (Days 1-5 q28 days) combined with either placebo or veliparib (Days 1-7 q28 days). Veliparib/placebo+TMZ treatment was continued for up to 6 cycles. Pts accrued on the phase II and III portions of the trial were included in the primary endpoint analysis of overall survival (OS), with 90% power to detect a hazard ratio of 0.71 using a one-sided log-rank test with type I error rate of 0.05. The planned phase III sample size was 400 pts with data maturity after 302 deaths. Results: The phase II and III portions of the trial were open to accrual from 12/15/2014 to 2/6/2017 and 11/8/2017 to 10/15/2018, respectively; 447 pts were accrued to the trial and used in this intention to treat analysis. The two treatment groups were well balanced for prognostic factors, 421 pts initiated treatment, median follow-up was 57.8 months (mos), 380 pts had disease progression and 335 pts have died. There was no difference in OS (p = 0.15; HR 0.89 (0.71-1.11), median OS 28.1 vs. 24.8 mo. for TMZ+veliparib vs. TMZ+placebo, respectively) and no difference in secondary endpoint progression free survival (PFS, p = 0.31; HR 1.05 (0.86-1.30), median 13.2 vs. 12.1 mo, respectively). There was a notable trend for extended OS with TMZ+veliparib treatment at intermediate time-points between 24 and 42 mos (3-year OS 36.6% vs. 28.9% with TMZ+placebo, p = 0.09). In an unplanned exploratory analysis, treatment with TMZ at the time of first recurrence was associated with extended post-recurrence OS (p = 0.03) for pts treated on the experimental arm; median post-recurrence OS with TMZ salvage was 17.0 mo in the TMZ+veliparib arm and 12.6 mo in the TMZ+placebo arm, as compared to 9.6 mo in either arm if TMZ salvage was not used. These data are consistent with a possible effect of veliparib limiting the emergence of TMZ resistance in a subset of GBM pts. Conclusions: Veliparib combined with adjuvant TMZ therapy was not associated with significant extension in OS or PFS in newly diagnosed, MGMT hypermethylated GBM pts. However, a subset of pts treated with TMZ+veliparib may have an extended survival following re-treatment with TMZ at first recurrence. Clinical trial information: NCT02152982.