tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Establishing the site of gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: M. O. Blackstone
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Traditionally, aspiration of gastric contents for blood is employed as the initial step in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding.<sup>1</sup>A positive result is usually viewed as indicating a bleeding site proximal to the ligament of Treitz, while negative aspirate implies a lower (small bowel or colon) site. Despite its intuitive correctness, the clinical value of this test never has been fully established. The article by Luk and colleagues, which appears elsewhere (p 576) inThe Journal, attempts to do this. In their study the outcome in 1,190 patients who had gastric aspiration performed was analyzed as to the site of bleeding ultimately determined. All patients in the study had undergone a vigorous attempt to define the site of bleeding. Upper GI endoscopy was employed in almost all patients and was the initial procedure in those having a gastric aspirate positive for blood (gross blood or guaiac-positive material). Sigmoidoscopy,
The Cover
Authors: Joseph M. Merrill
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Long-Term Depression in Hippocampus
Authors: M. F. Bear
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1996)

Long-term depression (LTD) is a lasting decrease in synaptic effectiveness that follows some types of electrical stimulation in the hippocampus. Two broad types of LTD may be distinguished. Heterosynaptic LTD can occur at synapses that are inactive, normally during high-frequency stimulation of a converging synaptic input. Homosynaptic LTD can occur at synapses that are activated, normally at low frequencies. Here we discuss the mechanisms of LTD and their possible relevance to hippocampal function.
Cost-Effective Treatment of Candida Esophagitis
Authors: Chloe L. Thio
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 May 1993Cost-Effective Treatment of Candida EsophagitisChloe L. Thio, MD and Tanya M. Rutledge, MDChloe L. Thio, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Tanya M. Rutledge, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-10-199305150-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The study by Laine and colleagues [1] provides compelling evidence for the superior efficacy of fluconazole compared with ketoconazole in the treatment of candida esophagitis in patients with AIDS but fails to address the considerable differences in cost.We constructed two flow diagrams to analyze the differences in cost incurred during treatment of candida esophagitis in 100 patients assigned to either fluconazole or ketoconazole therapy (Figure 1). At our hospital pharmacy, the cost to the patient for a 100-mg tablet of fluconazole is $7.24, whereas a 200-mg tablet of ketoconazole costs $2.46, an approximate threefold difference. Based ...REFERENCE1. Laine L, Dretler RH, Conteas CN, Tuazon C, Koster FM, Sattler F, et al. Fluconazole compared with ketoconazole for the treatment of candida esophagitis in AIDS: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:655-60. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Chloe L. Thio, MD; Tanya M. Rutledge, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEsophageal infections: Risk factors, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment 15 May 1993Volume 118, Issue 10 Page: 824-825 Keywords AIDS Antifungals Candida Drug therapy Patients ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 May 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Distant Wheezes
Authors: Daniel M Kaplan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

On Being a Doctor18 October 2011Distant WheezesDaniel M. Kaplan, MDDaniel M. Kaplan, MDFrom Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail To prepare the mind for medicine, nothing surpasses bird watching—birding, to its active practitioners. Both birding and diagnosis demand and reward many of the same traits. Each vocation brings its world into sharp focus and provides endless variety. To study birds and their migrations is to have one's finger on the pulse of the planet. The ICD-9 and the world's avifauna each contain nearly 10 000 entries—if you include such terms as “accident involving spacecraft” and “diabolical nightjar,” respectively. Birds and infections achieve dazzling and confounding diversity in the tropics. Each may gain latitude and altitude with climate change. Both invite ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.Corresponding Author: Daniel M. Kaplan, MD, Hospital Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 100800, Durham, NC 27710; e-mail, d.m.[email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 18 October 2011Volume 155, Issue 8Page: 560KeywordsHospital medicineRadiologistsRashesSexual identityStomachSurgeonsThoraxThrombosisVascular diseases ePublished: 18 October 2011 Issue Published: 18 October 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
CYLINDRURIA.
Authors: CHARLES P. EMERSON
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>CHRONIC INDURATIVE NEPHRITIS. RED KIDNEY. ARTERIOSCLEROTIC KIDNEY.</h3> Of the 104 cases studied, the combined kidneys weighed above 500 grams in 12 per cent.; from 400 to 500 in 18; from 300 to 400 in 31; from 200 to 300 in 33, and below 200 in 6 per cent. It is thus seen that these kidneys averaged much larger than the white kidney just described. <h3>Kidneys Weighing Over 300 Grams.</h3> —In 46 of these cases the nephritis formed no part of the clinical picture and was not even mentioned in the diagnosis. The average weight of these kidneys was 412 grams, the cortex measuring from 4 to 7 mm. The urine was normal in amount and specific gravity. Albumin was present but in traces, if at all; the casts were few, absent in 18 cases at times, at least, yet in 10 cases hyaline and granular and epithelial casts were abundant
THE FUTURE OF PEDIATRICS
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The impact of gender and comorbidity burden on liver transplant eligibility and patient survival
Authors: Scott Coppel, Karan Mathur, Lauren Nephew, Kavish Patidar, Eric Orman, Archita Desai, Eduardo Vilar Gomez, Burcin Ekser, Chandrashekhar Kubal, Naga Chalasani, Marwan Ghabril
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Guns and adolescent suicides
Authors: M. L. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Firearms in the homes of suicidal or potentially suicidal adolescents markedly increase their risk for suicide. In fact, the odds that potentially suicidal adolescents will kill themselves go up 75-fold when a gun is kept in the home. And these are not odds to be taken lightly when you realize that 1372 adolescents aged 13 to 19 years intentionally killed themselves with firearms in 1988.<sup>1</sup>In the face of these incredibly high odds, why is there not more of a public response to the threat of adolescents killing themselves with a gun? Why does the public get outraged about some low-level risks yet remain silent about adolescents committing suicide with firearms, deadly events that happen three to four times every day? Why are we so bad at translating and acting upon information about such risks? Part of the problem may be that, although members of
ASEXUALIZATION OF CRIMINALS.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Editorial
Authors: S.G.O. Johansson, J. Bousquet
Journal: Allergy (2002)

It is a great pleasure for me to formally welcome Prof Jean Bosquet to join me as Editor-in-Chief of Allergy from this issue onwards. The intention is that we should work closely together during this fall; I will close Allergy Volume 57 and Prof Bousquet will prepare for Volume 58. Prof Bousquet is well known and appreciated by the readers of Allergy both from his scientific activities and, for the 10 years he has served as Associate Editor of Allergy, representing the EAACI Asthma Section. He has an outstanding knowledge and experience in the field of allergy and with Prof Bousquet in charge Allergy can only continue to develop in to one of the top journals in its field. II would like to take this opportunity to thank Jean for accepting this commitment and I wish him all the best in his important work. I would also like to take this opportunity to invite scientists and doctors in the field of allergy to submit their best work to Prof Bousquet for consideration of publication. S.G.O. Johansson Editor-in-Chief I am happy to welcome Prof Marc Humbert to succeed me as the Asthma Section Associate Editor for Allergy. Marc is a renowned physician who has achieved remarkable studies in asthma and also in pulmonary hypertension. Thus, his outstanding knowledge on respiratory diseases will undoubtedly be beneficial to Allergy. I am therefore delighted that I will be working with Marc for the next few years. I am looking forward to working closely with Prof Johansson and the team of dedicated Associate Editors during the fall. I would also like to further continue Prof Johansson's very effective work J. Bousquet Editor-in-Chief
Impact of the 1999 AAP/USPHS Joint Statement on Thimerosal in Vaccines on Infant Hepatitis B Vaccination Practices
Journal: JAMA (2001)

On July 8,1999, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) jointly recommended reducing infant exposure to thimerosal, a commonly used vaccine preservative that contains mercury. Specific recommendations were made to postpone the first hepatitis B vaccine dose until 2-6 months of age for infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative (i.e., not hepatitis B virus [HBV]-infected) women. Infants born to HBsAg-positive (i.e., HBV-infected) women, or to women whose HBsAg status was unknown, were recommended to receive postexposure prophylaxis with the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine administered within 12 hours of birth. By mid-September 1999, when adequate supplies of preservative-free hepatitis B vaccine became available, PHS advocated a return to previous infant hepatitis B vaccination practices, including administering the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine to newborns in hospitals that had discontinued the practice. In 2000, preliminary assessments of the impact of these policy changes on routine hepatitis B vaccination practices were conducted by public health officials in Wisconsin, Oklahoma, Oregon, and Michigan. This report summarizes the results of these analyses, which indicate that many hospitals in Wisconsin have not reinstated policies to ensure routine administration of hepatitis B vaccine to newborns despite the availability of preservative-free hepatitis B vaccine, that the number of hepatitis B vaccine doses given to newborns in Oklahoma and Oregon has declined, and that an unvaccinated Michigan infant died from fulminant hepatitis B. Restoring routine newborn hepatitis B vaccination practices may require active advocacy by professional and government groups.
THE MENACE OF "MOONSHINE" WHISKY
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Real-world retreatment of HCV-infected patients with prior failure to direct acting antiviral therapy using sofosbuvir, velpatasvir and voxilaprevir
Authors: David A Smith, Daniel Bradshaw, Jean Mbisa, Carmen Manso, David Bibby, Josh Singer, Emma Thomson, Anna da Silva Filipe, Elihu Aranday-Cortes, Azim Ansari, Anthony Brown, Emma Hudson, Jennifer Benselin, Brendan Healy, Phil Troke, John Mclauchlan, Eleanor Barnes, William Irving
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Digitalis Toxicity
Authors: E M Antman, T W Smith
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1985)

There is a narrow margin between therapeutic and toxic doses and serum levels of digitalis glycosides. Clinicians should therefore be knowledgeable and attentive to early signs and symptoms of toxicity in order to optimize the risk:benefit ratio when using this class of drugs. A number of pharmacokinetic interactions with specific implications for digitalis toxicity have recently been delineated. Serious cardiac rhythm disturbances should initially be treated with lidocaine or phenytoin. Digitalis toxicity resistant to conventional measures may now be treated with digoxin-specific Fab fragments.
Pulmonary Edema Fluid Protein in High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Jack Bertman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The ratio of edema fluid protein to serum protein is a measurement used to differentiate hydrostatic from permeability edema. Since it was demonstrated that highaltitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is noncardiogenic,<sup>1,2</sup>HAPE has been classified as a type of permeability edema. The only previous protein ratio reported in HAPE, however, was 0.6,<sup>3</sup>which is between that expected for hydrostatic (&lt;0.5) and permeability (&gt;0.7) edemas.<sup>4</sup>This measurement may have been flawed, since a tracheal specimen was used, which was probably diluted with other airway secretions. Recently, Schoene et al<sup>5,6</sup>lavaged the lungs of persons with HAPE as well as controls and demonstrated a 60-fold higher total protein level in the HAPE lavage fluid. Because of the lavage technique, the dilution with normal saline precluded determination of the total protein ratio. We wish to report protein measurements of undiluted edema fluid from a patient with HAPE.
HER-2 in high risk rectal cancer patients treated in EXPERT-C, a randomized phase II trial of neoadjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with or without cetuximab.
Authors: Francesco Sclafani, Amitesh Chandra Roy, Ian Chau, Andrew Wotherspoon, Clare Peckitt, Alice Dewdney, Jacqueline Rose Oates, David Cunningham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

420 Background: HER-2 is a well established therapeutic target in breast and gastric cancer. The role of HER-2 in rectal cancer is unclear, as conflicting data on prevalence of HER-2 expression in this disease have been reported. This analysis evaluates the prevalence of HER-2 and its impact on the outcome of high risk rectal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant CAPOX and CRT ± cetuximab in the EXPERT-C trial. Methods: Eligible patients with available tumour tissue for HER-2 analysis were included. HER-2 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in biopsy and/or surgical specimens (score 0 to 3+). Tumours with equivocal IHC result (2+) were tested for HER-2 amplification by B-DISH. Tumours with IHC 3+ or B-DISH ratio ≥2.0 were classified as HER-2 positive. The impact of HER-2 on primary (CR) and secondary endpoints (RR, PFS, OS) of the study was analyzed. Results: Of 164 eligible study patients, 104 (63%) biopsy and 114 (69%) surgical specimens were available for analysis. Only 3/104 (2.9%) and 3/114 (2.6%) were HER-2 positive, respectively. In 77 patients with paired specimens, concordance for HER-2 status was found in 74 (96%), with 3 patients with discordant results (1 patient with HER-2 negative biopsy/positive surgical specimen, 2 patients with HER-2 positive biopsy/negative surgical specimen). Overall 141 patients were assessable for HER-2; 6/141 (4.3%) had a HER-2 positive tumour in at least 1 specimen. The median follow-up was 58.7 months. HER-2 expression or amplification was not associated with a difference in outcome for any of the study endpoints, including in the subset of 90 KRAS/BRAF wild type patients treated ± cetuximab. Conclusions: Based on the low prevalence of expression as recorded in the EXPERT-C trial, HER-2 does not appear to represent a useful therapeutic target for high-risk rectal cancer. However, the role of HER-2 as prognostic factor and potential predictive biomarker for cetuximab-based treatment in rectal cancer warrants further investigation. A more comprehensive B-DISH analysis in IHC 0/1+ tumours is currently ongoing and data will be presented at the meeting.
Abstract 176: Tetraspanins in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kiran K. Reddi, Kenneth M. Anderson, Franklin Garcia-Godoy, Yanhui H. Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Objectives: To (1) investigate the expression levels of several tetraspanins in oral cancer cells and tissues; (2) characterize the subpopulation of oral cancer cells with elevated CD82; and (3) investigate roles of the tetraspanins in oral cancer migration, invasion, and metastasis. Methods: The protein expression levels of tetraspanins CD82(KAI1), CD9, CD81(TAPA), and their associate protein EWI-2(IGSF8) were quantified in normal human gingival epithelial cells (SG) and oral cancer cells (CAL27 and SCC-25 cells) using western blotting and immunofluorescence staining and imaging. CAL27 CD82 knockout cells (CD82KO) were created by CRISPR/CAS-9, sorted by Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorting, and validated by western blotting. A wound healing assay was used to study the role of CD82 in oral cancer cell migration. CD82 perturbation of the CAL27 genome and proteome were evaluated using Microarray (Affymetrix) and TRAQ/TMT Based Differential Protein Expression Analysis (Thermo, mass spectrometer). Results: So far, we have found (1) CD82 is highly expressed in CAL27 cancer cells, but its expression is low in SG and SCC-25 cells; (2) CD82 is highly expressed in human tongue cancer tissues; (3) CD9 is highly expressed in CAL27 cells; (4) The expression levels of CD81 and IGSF8 are comparable in the three cancer cell lines; (5) CAL27 cancer cells migrate faster than normal SG cells; (6) Knockout of CD82 significantly decreases the migration rate of CAL27 cells, suggesting that CD82 promotes migration of these cancer cells. Conclusions: CD82 has varied expression in different oral cancer cell lines. Its expression is very high in CAL27 cancer cells. Knockout of CD82 in CAL27 cells significantly inhibits migration of these cells. Our study suggests that CD82 might be used as a biomarker for a subpopulation of oral cancer cells and that CD82 could be a target for therapeutic interventions. Acknowledgements: Supported in part by the 2017 UTHSC CORNET Award. Supported in part by the UTHSC College of Dentistry Alumni Endowment Fund and the Tennessee Dental Association Foundation. Citation Format: Kiran K. Reddi, Kenneth M. Anderson, Franklin Garcia-Godoy, Yanhui H. Zhang. Tetraspanins in oral squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 176.