tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomized trial comparing three different regimens of alpha-2a-interferon in chronic hepatitis C*1
Authors: L CHEMELLO
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Alpha-interferon (IFN-α) is an effective treatment for chronic hepatitis C, but only 20% to 30% of patients are apparently cured with the currently recommended schedule of 3 MU given three times a week for 6 months. To evaluate the efficacy of more aggressive treatment regimens, we have conducted a randomized trial in 174 patients with chronic hepatitis C using three different schedules: (1) 12-month treatment starting with 6 MU/three times a week and decreasing the dose on the basis of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activities (group A: 59 cases); (2) fixed dose of 3 MU three times a week for 12 months (Group B: 61 cases), (3) fixed dose of 6 MU three times a week for 6 months (Group C: 54 cases). Patients were evaluated during therapy for biochemical and virological response and followed for at least 12 months after therapy to assess long-term efficacy and liver histological outcome. The genotype of infecting HCV was also analyzed in all patients, and predictors of response were determined by multivariate analysis. Serum ALT became normal during therapy in 76% of patients (95% confidence interval [CI]: 63 to 86), 65% (CI: 52 to 77), and 74% (CI: 60 to 85) in groups A, B, and C, respectively (P = NS). The corresponding figures for sustained response 12 months after therapy were 49% (CI: 36 to 62), 31% (CI: 20 to 44), and 28% (CI: 16 to 42) (A vs. B, P = .06; A vs. C, P = 0.03). Eighty-six percent of patients with sustained response cleared HCV-RNA from serum and 72% improved histologically. Patients infected with HCV genotypes 2a and 3 had higher sustained response rates than those with 1b, independent of treatment schedule. In patients infected with genotype 1b, the rate of sustained response was related to dose and duration of therapy being 28% with schedule A, 16% with schedule B, and 9% with schedule C. Multivariate analysis indicated that younger age (P = .016), shorter disease duration (P = .003), and infection with HCV genotypes 2a (P = .0017) and 3 (P = .0083) were independent predictors of sustained response. These results indicate that sustained response to IFN-α in chronic hepatitis C is affected by dose and duration of therapy, particularly in patients infected with HCV genotype 1b.
Pulmonary and Hepatic Effects of Inhaled Ozone in Rats
Authors: Debra L. Laskin, Kimberly J. Pendino, Chitra J. Punjabi, Marina Rodriguez del Valle, Jeffrey D. Laskin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Nitric oxide is a highly reactive molecule that has been implicated in host defense and in tissue injury.In the present studies we analyzed the effects of brief exposure of rats to inhaled ozone on production of this mediator by lung macrophages and type 11 epithelial cells.We found that ozone exposure (1-2 ppm, 3 hr) induced a marked increase in spontaneous nitric oxide production by alveolar (AM) and interstitial macrophages, as well as type 11 cells.These effects were apparently due to increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase protein and mRNA, which was evident in vitro in isolated cells and in situ in histologic sections.Macrophages and epithelial cells from ozone-treated rats were also sensitized to produce increased amounts of nitric oxide in response to inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-y, a response that was also mediated by inducible nitric oxide synthase.Unexpectedly, we also discovered that brief inhalation of ozone caused dramatic effects on the liver, including increased production of nitric oxide by hepatocytes and enhanced protein synthesis.These data suggest that this inhaled irritant induces an acute phase response.Additional studies indicated that AM from ozone-treated rats produced significantly more tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-1 than did cells from control animals.Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-a were also noted immunohistochemically in both lung and liver tissue.These results indicate that the extrapulmonary effects of ozone may be mediated by inflammatory cytokines released by activated lung macrophages.Taken together our data demonstrate that acute exposure of rats to ozone activates lung macrophages and type 11 epithelial cells to release cytotoxic and proinflammatory mediators that we speculate contribute to the pathophysiologic effects of this oxidant on the lung and the liver.-
Schatzki's ring.
Journal: BMJ (1971)

but in practice this treatment must still be regarded as debatable.2223 Whether increased intakes of vitamin D will prevent skeletal rarefaction in old age has yet to be determined, but an intake of 100 IU a day is certainly desirable.24When the clinical syndrome has developed, with attacks of acute pain associated with spontaneous vertebral collapse in the dorsolumbar region, immobilization in bed or with a spinal brace is harmful.An elasticized dorsolumbar corset can relieve pain; graduated spinal exercises can improve muscle power; and balancing exercises can reduce the risk of falls leading to fracture.
Draft of Clinton's Health Reform Plan Draws Cheers, Boos, Polite Applause
Authors: None Andrew
Journal: JAMA (1993)

NOT UNEXPECTEDLY, the preliminary draft of President Clinton's plan for reforming the nation's health care system—which was widely leaked nearly a week before the president officially presented the plan—drew mixed reactions. Although some health experts refrained from commenting on the draft until the president addressed Congress on September 22, others had a lot to say. "We think the president has done a good job and that he's off to a good start," says Robert Graham, MD, executive vice president, American Academy of Family Physicians, Kansas City, Mo. "We think that it is a very comprehensive and competent document and that it is exactly what is needed to initiate the debate in the Congress to get us a reform package. Like most groups, we don't necessarily agree with every approach and nuance of the proposed plan, but we will reserve our comments about specific strategies until we see the legislative specs."
Carbon Arc Radiation.
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Geriatrics, Minneapolis
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Interactions
Authors: S. R. Hesslewood
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

The diagnostic or therapeutic efficacy of a radiopharmaceutical is highly dependent on its bio-distribution within the body after administration. Unintended alteration of this biodistribution can lead to sub-optimal outcome of a nuclear medicine procedure. It is highly likely that most patients will be taking some form of medication, and the possible effects of these drugs on the biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals need to be considered. Therefore, an awareness of the potentially important interactions between radiopharmaceuticals and drugs is important for nuclear medicine departments. Such knowledge can be used to prevent occurrence of potentially detrimental effects by modifying the patient's drugs before the procedure, thereby reducing the possibility of alteration in radiopharmaceutical biodistribution.
Royal College of Physicians of London. Report of the Committee on Chronic Rheumatic Diseases : April, 1961
Authors: Robert Platt, W Copeman, E Conybeare, G Kersley, Hon Secretary, F Hart, E Bywaters, J Kellgren, F Cooksey, Mr Savage
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1962)

Bulletin, of which this is the latest, are admirable in conception and form.Undoubtedly they bring great credit to British medicine.In addition to the Editor's introduction, there are fifteen complete chapters, each written by authorities who have themselves contributed important original work to this field.The presentation and content is scientific throughout, although the clinician will find a great deal that will interest and instruct him.Professor Gray's chapter gives a full account of the processes of investigation of the disorders of the adrenal cortex; Drs.Beck and McGarry summarize the physiological importance of cortisol in complete and masterly fashion; and Dr. Saffron provides a fascinating contribution on the mechanisms of adrenocortical control.Everyone interested in the adrenal cortex and its mysterious ways-and this must include every rheu- matologist-should buy or borrow this important publication.
Thyroid-Antithyroid Therapy of Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: T. S. Danowski
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am moved to respond gently to Selenkow's comment on "Antithyroid-Thyroid Therapy for Thyrotoxicosis" (<b>214</b>: 2198, 1970). Serenity is the mood of choice whenever another instance of violation of priority is encountered in a medical report. After all, Danowski et al who administered desiccated thyroid with a thyroid blocking agent in treating thyrotoxicosis prior to 1945 (<i>Amer J Med Sci</i><b>210</b>:777, 1945) cite the report of similar therapy by Palmer which appeared in the same year (<i>Ann Intern Med</i><b>22</b>: 335, 1945). Both publications give credit to antecedent workers who defined the physiologic basis for such therapy. Though eponyms are not an issue in this instance, I have cited elsewhere some of the ample evidence that even priority of detection or publication has little bearing on the question of selecting an eponym. One need only recall that Flajani and then Parry preceded Graves in delineating thyrotoxicosis,
Abstract 408: Thioredoxin-1 Gene Delivery Induces Hemeoxygenase-1 Mediated Myocardial Preservation after Chronic Infarction in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: SureshVarma Penumathsa, Srikanth Koneru, Mahesh Thirunavukkarasu, Lijun Zhan, Nilanjana Maulik
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Hypertension the major risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases is a result of multiple causes along with excessive generation of reactive oxygen species resulting in imbalance of redox status. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is a redox regulatory multifunctional protein with anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects. In the present study we investigated the therapeutic potential of Adeno-Trx-1 in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The rats were assigned to four different groups (n = 24) such as (1) normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) (2) SHR (3) SHR +Adeno-Lac-Z (SHRLac-Z) and (4) SHR +Adeno-Trx-1 (SHRTrx-1). Echo-guided gene delivery to the anterior wall of left ventricle was performed using 1x109 pfu of adenovirus constructed with Trx-1 and Lac-Z. Two days after injection of adeno virus, the hearts were subjected to permanent left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion (MI). Left ventricular functions by Echocardiography were examined after 30 days of MI as the significant changes in left ventricle were observed after 4 weeks of MI. Decreased left ventricular inner diameter (7 vs 9 mm) and increased ejection fraction (52 vs 42 %), fractional shortening (28 vs 22 %) was observed in SHRTrx-1 compared to SHR. Infarct size, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and protein expression profiles (by Confocal and Western blot analysis) were observed at predetermined time points i.e after 24 and 48 hours of MI respectively. Decreased infarct size (52% vs 67%), cardiomyocyte apoptosis by TUNEL assay (161 vs 240) and increased expression of Trx-1 and HO-1 were observed in SHRTrx-1 compared to SHR. Confocal results were also confirmed by Western blot analysis. Results documented increased expression of Trx-1 (1.8 fold) and HO-1 (1.4 fold) in SHRTrx-1 as compared to SHR. In addition, we have also observed increased expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 (1.7 fold) in SHRTrx-1 treated group compared SHR. Thus our results demonstrate for the first time that the cardioprotective effect of Adeno-Trx-1 therapy in SHR is Trx-1/HO-1/Bcl-2 mediated and may represent a novel mechanism for therapy against hypertension induced post infarction heart failure.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent activation of trypsinogen modulates the severity of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Vijay P. Singh, Ashok K. Saluja, Lakshmi Bhagat, Gijs J.D. van Acker, Albert M. Song, Stephen P. Soltoff, Lewis C. Cantley, Michael L. Steer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Intra-acinar cell activation of digestive enzyme zymogens including trypsinogen is generally believed to be an early and critical event in acute pancreatitis. We have found that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin can reduce the intrapancreatic activation of trypsinogen that occurs during two dissimilar experimental models of rodent acute pancreatitis, secretagogue- and duct injection-induced pancreatitis. The severity of both models was also reduced by wortmannin administration. In contrast, the NF-κB activation that occurs during the early stages of secretagogue-induced pancreatitis is not altered by administration of wortmannin. Ex vivo, caerulein-induced trypsinogen activation is inhibited by wortmannin and LY294002. However, the cytoskeletal changes induced by caerulein were not affected by wortmannin. Concentrations of caerulein that induced ex vivo trypsinogen activation do not significantly increase phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate or phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate levels or induce phosphorylation of Akt/PKB, suggesting that class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases are not involved. The concentration of wortmannin that inhibits trypsinogen activation causes a 75% decrease in phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, which is implicated in vesicle trafficking and fusion. We conclude that a wortmannin-inhibitable phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is necessary for intrapancreatic activation of trypsinogen and regulating the severity of acute pancreatitis. Our observations suggest that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibition might be of benefit in preventing acute pancreatitis.
Endoscopy
Authors: Edward B. Benedict
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

ESOPHAGOSCOPY Benign Tumor Adams and Hoover43 report 3 cases of benign tumor of the esophagus and include a review of the literature. Many of these tumors were incidental discoveries at autopsy. The number of cases discovered and. recorded during the last eleven years owing to good x-ray technic and esophagoscopy is over half as large as the number of cases recorded in the preceding two hundred and twenty years. In a pathological classification of these tumors there were 35 polyps, 10 myomas, 9 papillomas, 8 fibromas, 6 cysts and 5 or less each lipomas, adenomas and unclassified tumors. There were . . .
Lingual Lesions With Orally Disintegrating Risperidone
Authors: NANETTE M. DOWLING , D.O., M.H.P.A., JAMES L. MEGNA , M.D., Ph.D., ANDREW BURGDORF , Pharm.D., VEENA YASHASWI , M.B.B.S.
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)
Royal Malady
Authors: A. Goldberg
Journal: BMJ (1968)

This paper uses the imaginary case of Gemma, presented initially at the International Swine Flu Conference (London, March 2010), to discuss whether a nurse who disagrees with most ways in which animals are farmed would be wronged if she contracted swine flu. It is argued that the farm animal sector has contributed to the emergence of H1N1 flu, and that the sector in general contributes significantly to the burden of human disease. The aim of this paper is to promote debate on the question as to whether a range of systems used by the farm animal sector survive moral scrutiny in light of these concerns.
Histology, Pathology and Bacteriology.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Structure-Activity Relationships among Dithiocarbamate Antidotes for Acute Cadmium Chloride Intoxication
Authors: Shirley G. Jones, Mark M. Jones
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Eight sodium dithiocarbamates (NaS2CNR1R2) have been examined as antidotes for acute cadmium intoxication. While all of them possess an ability to increase survival when given to mice 2 hr after a lethal (greater than 99%) intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg of CdCl2 X 2.5H2O, their effects on the organ distribution of cadmium vary considerably. It has been possible to show that the accumulation of cadmium in the brain and kidney as well as the survival rates can be correlated with a numerical measure of the polarity of the groups R1 and R2. Each factor has a different dependence on the polarity, but it is possible to construct a composite factor for antidotal efficacy which incorporates survival rate, brain cadmium levels and kidney cadmium levels. The factor constructed here exhibits an optimal value approximately in the middle of the polarity range studied. Compounds which have R1 = -CH2CH1OH and R2 = -CH2CH2OH, or -CH3 or -C2H5 appear to be the most effective antidotes of the compounds examined.
Chromosome Instability Drives Tumor Evolution
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2017)

A prospective study of patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing treatment reveals that chromosomal instability and tumor heterogeneity drive disease recurrence. Researchers involved in the TRACERx trial documented that genetic diversity by sequencing multiple regions of the primary tumor and then created bespoke ctDNA tests that allowed for early detection of relapse and metastasis.
Obituary
Journal: BMJ (1938)

till the point is almost behind the tcnsil.Then open the forceps and pus pours out; insert glove drain.One has to go slowly and gently and feel the wax'.My first patient collapsed momentarily and recovered (probably pressure on a sympathetic ganglion).Have the neck very slightly flexed in the process.-Iam, etc., H. M. DENHOLM-YOUNG, Edinburgh, July 8. M
研究药物 tralokinumab 联合外用皮质类固醇治疗成人特应性皮炎的有效性
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

尽管直接涂抹在皮肤上的外用皮质类固醇 (TCS) 是治疗特应性皮炎的最常用药物, 但它们并不总是能控制疾病
ASSOCIATION NEWS.
Authors: H. A. Hare
Journal: JAMA (1897)

<h3>Semi-Centennial Meeting of the American Medical Association.</h3> The Committee of Arrangements for the Semi-Centennial Meeting of theAmerican Medical Association, to be held in Philadelphia June 1, 2, 3 and 4, 1897, desire to announce that in addition to the regular order of exercises during the meeting of theAssociationthere will be for a week preceding and a week succeeding theAssociationMeeting, special courses and clinics given in the various large teaching institutions of Philadelphia, without cost to visiting physicians. This course has been organized in response to a generally expressed wish that opportunities might be given to visiting physicians of taking clinical courses, for it is believed that many physicians from distant points would be glad to spend a week or two over and above the time occupied by the Meeting, in this manner. A schedule and roster describing the course in detail will be published shortly
VOICE IN FEMALE SINGERS AFFECTED BY GYNECOLOGICAL DISORDERS.
Authors: CARL H. VON KLEIN
Journal: JAMA (1891)

I am requested by a well known ovariotomist to state my observation of the voices of female singers when affected by gynecological disorders, hence the following is a brief statement of my observation. The most difficult cases the laryngologist has to contend with are diseases of the throat caused by disturbance of the ovaries. It is a common thing to meet with cases of acute inflammation of the tonsils, larynx, pharynx and fauces in females during their menstrual period. I have observed the voice in many professional choir singers who have applied to me for treatment during the menstrual period, defective in gravity, force, and timbre, producing in many cases a husky sound, as of a low, masculine order. A laryngologist of acute hearing who will train bis ear to the recognition of sounds and acquaint biniseli with a known voice, can detect a menstruate nine times out of ten.