tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Weather Influences. An Empirical Study of the Mental and Physiological Effects of Definite Meteorological Conditions.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparative Immunogenicity of Various Cellular and Cell-Free Preparations in a Leukemia Isotransplant System&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Judith R. Tennant, Susan Kingsley
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Cells from established cultures of mouse cells (line D) infected with a murine lympheleukemesenle virus (B/T-L) were effective in immunization of mice against isotransplantation of leukemias induced by that virus. The immunogenicity of these cells was reduced from 96–100% to 43–51% as a result of unprotected freeze-thaw or homogenization procedures, these treatments also caused marked loss of cell viability and integrity, though the leukemogenic potential of the virus present was not significantly affected. Light irradiation (15 krads 60Co) of cell suspensions halted cell multiplication, but did not impair their immunogenicity, temporary maintenance in vitro, or trypan blue viabilitYi the leukemogenic potential of the B/T-L virus was also unimpaired by this dosage. Heavy irradiation (500 krads 60Co), on the other hand, reduced the immunogenicity of the cell suspensions from 96% to 23% and cell maintenance in vitro to Oi at this dose of irradiation, the immunogenic and leukemogenic activities of the virus suspensions were completely destroyed, dropping from 90% and 100%, respectively, to 0. The following procedure was therefore chosen for preparation of optimally immunogenic, nonmultiplying, and storable cellular vaccines in this system: suspension of viable cells in an isotonic solution of glucose, KCI, and NaCI to a density of 3–5 million/ml, light irradiation at 15 krads 60Co, addition of serum to 2% and glycerin to 5–8%, and slow freezing at −60°C. Just before use, a preparation should be thawed in a 37°C water bath, with constant agitation of the suspension during thawing. The trypan blue viability of such cells was consistently 75–95% before and after freezing; immunogenicity was 90–100%. The data suggest that intact cell membrane and viable virus contribute about equally to cellular immunogenicity in this system, and the implications are discussed.
Primary and Secondary Syphilis--United States, 1997
Journal: JAMA (1998)

In October 1999, CDC, in collaboration with other federal partners, initiated the National Plan to Eliminate Syphilis in the United States. Syphilis elimination is defined as the absence of sustained transmission (i.e., no transmission after 90 days of the report of an imported index case). The national goals for syphilis elimination are to reduce the annual number of primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis cases to <1,000 cases (rate: 0.4 per 100,000 population) and to increase the number of syphilis-free counties to 90% by 2005. To characterize the epidemiology of syphilis in the United States, CDC analyzed national notifiable disease surveillance data for 2000-2001. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicate that the number of reported cases of P&S syphilis increased slightly in 2001. This increase occurred only among men; the number of P&S syphilis cases continued to decline among women and among non-Hispanic blacks. The available data indicate that syphilis cases occurring among men who have sex with men (MSM) contributed to the increase in cases. The data suggest that, although efforts to reduce syphilis among women and non-Hispanic blacks appear effective and should continue, efforts to prevent and treat syphilis among MSM need to be improved.
Observations on the Nature of the Herpes-Type EB Virus in Cultured Burkitt Lymphoblasts, Using a Specific Immunofluorescence Test&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

A specific immunofluorescence test using antiserum to EB3 virus was applied to EB1, EB2, SL1, and QIMR-GOR Burkitt lymphoblasts, as well as to Jenkins/5630 blast cells from an American patient with leukemia, and in each case gave brilliant fluorescent staining of a proportion of cells. All the strains were found by electron microscopy to contain cells carrying herpes-type virus; both virus-containing cells and those that fluoresced were frequently degenerating. Where samples of EB3, EB1, EB2, and QIMR-GOR cells were examined in parallel by the fluorescence test and in the electron microscope, there was in each case a constant ratio between the incidence of fluorescing cells and virus-bearing cells. Tissue cultures heavily infected with herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and varicella virus failed to show a fluorescence response when tested with the antiserum to EB3 virus. The reasons for the conclusion that the herpes-type viruses in the various Burkitt cell strains and in the leukemic cells from an American patient are all examples of the EB virus are discussed, together with the possible relationship of this virus to human lymphoma and leukemia.
ESICM 2010 TUESDAY SESSIONS 12 October 2010
Authors: I Alı, M De La Cal, A Esteban, R Ferrer, F Molina, R Pin ˜er, A Anzueto, J Bierbrauer, J Fielitz, S Wiesener, S Spuler, C Spies, A Luther, K Faust, J Spranger, S Weber-Carstens, C Christiansen, M Johansen, S Christensen, J O'brien, E Tønnesen, H Toft Sørensen, A Johannes, B Zollhoefer, N Schlegel, M Kredel, C Von Kirschbaum, N Roewer, J Brederlau, R Muellenbach, R Cornejo, J Diaz, G Diaz, A Zamorano, C Repetto, D Arellano, W Neira, R Gonzalez, C Ramos, G Martinez
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)
A recurrent laminin 5 mutation in British patients with lethal (Herlitz) junctional epidermolysis bullosa: evidence for a mutational hotspot rather than propagation of an ancestral allele
Authors: G.H.S. ASHTON, J.E. MELLERIO, M.G.S. DUNNILL, L. PULKKINEN, A.M. CHRISTIANO, J. UITTO, R.A.J. EADY, J.A. McGRATH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

The three genes (LAMA3, LAMB3 and LAMC2) that encode the anchoring filament protein, laminin 5, may all harbour pathogenetic mutations in the autosomal recessive blistering skin disorder, junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB). Recently, one particular mutation, R635X in the LAMB3 gene, has been found to account for approximately 40% of all JEB laminin 5 mutations (Kivirikko et al., Hum Mol Genet 1996; 5: 231-7). In this study, we assessed the frequency of this mutation in 12 British patients with lethal (Herlitz) JEB using PCR amplification of genomic DNA and restriction endonuclease digestion. The mutation R635X was found in seven of 24 (29%) mutant alleles, confirming its relative frequency within the British gene pool. In addition, haplotype analysis using intragenic polymorphisms showed that the mutation arose on at least four different haplotype backgrounds, suggesting it represents a mutational hotspot rather than propagation of a common British ancestral allele. These findings support the hypermutable nature of this CpG dinucleotide and have implications in screening for laminin 5 gene mutations in British and other patients with JEB.
Improving Preschool Immunization Levels Proving More Complex Than Simply Providing Vaccines
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

MANY PHYSICIANS, other public health authorities, nurses, and third-party insurers apparently are in general agreement with the Clinton administration's proposal to purchase childhood vaccines. But there are increasing warnings that providing free vaccines will not alone ensure improved preschool immunization levels. As has been widely publicized, the Clinton administration proposes to spend $300 million for the purchase of these vaccines. Administration officials suggest that making vaccines freely and universally available in this country will mean more preschool children would be vaccinated than is presently the case. <h3>Third to Half Are Immunized</h3> Their goal is to get at least 90% of children less than the age of 2 years immunized with the five recommended vaccines. These are diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, measles-mumps-rubella, oral poliomyelitis,<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>type B, and hepatitis type B. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga, estimates that 37% to 56% of 2-year-old children in this country currently are
Urinary Tryptophan Metabolites and Cancer of the Bladder In Humans&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Emmy Friedlander, Alan S. Morrison
 5
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Urinary excretion of six aromatic amine metabolites of tryptophan was compared between a group of 30 patients with bladder cancer and a group of 33 controls selected from the general population of the study area. Measurements were based on a single overnight urine specimen collected at home by each subject, without a “loading” dose of L-tryptophan. For each metabolite, both the distribution and the mean amount excreted were nearly identical for cases and controls. The small case-control differences in mean values were virtually unchanged by adjustment for age, sex, and smoking status. Generally, excretion levels were higher for females than for males. Excretion levels also tended to be higher for older than for younger subjects and for smokers compared to nonsmokers. However, most of these differences also were small.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a potential new therapeutic target.Unfortunately, a suitable biomarker predictive for anti-IGF-1R therapy response is not available.Fleuren and colleagues investigated whether indium-111-labeled R1507 ( 111 In-R1507) immuno-SPECT, a novel noninvasive, in vivo screening method to visualize membranous IGF-1R expression and accessibility, can be used to predict IGF-1R treatment response in Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma.This novel imaging technique could clearly distinguish among high, modest, and nonresponsive xenografts, whereas conventional techniques could not.This new technique may therefore enable the selection of patients susceptible to IGF-1R targeted therapy and monitor treatment response.
Vitamin A Deficiency Among Children-- Federated States of Micronesia, 2000
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Vitamin A, a fat-soluble, heat-stable nutrient (retinol) derived from animal sources and certain fruits and vegetables, forms the basic component of retinal pigments and plays a vital role in optimal health, growth, and development. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) (serum retinol < or = 20 microg/dL [< or = 0.7 micromol/L] for subclinical VAD) can substantially increase the risk for childhood mortality from infectious and noninfectious causes. VAD impairs the mobilization and transport of iron and is usually associated with anemia and reduced growth. VAD is a major public health problem in parts of Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Western Pacific. In Chuuk and Pohnpei, two of the four Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) (2000 population: 107,008), nutrition surveys during the early 1990s documented VAD prevalences among the highest in the world (CDC, unpublished data, 1991; U.S. Public Health Service, unpublished data, 1994). In response to these findings, FSM health authorities, with support of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), began distributing vitamin A supplements in 1993 and 1998 in Chuuk and Pohnpei, respectively. In November 1999, FSM requested assistance from CDC in VAD assessment surveys of children in Kosrae and Yap, the other two FSM states. This report summarizes levels of serum retinol and prevalence of VAD and other indicators of nutritional status among children aged 24-59 months in Kosrae and Yap. The findings indicated low serum retinol levels and high VAD prevalences but no substantial stunting or wasting. A comprehensive, long-term national strategy is needed in FSM to promote sustained improvement in vitamin A status.
Regenerative changes in C/EBPα and C/EBPβ expression modulate binding to the C/EBP site in the c- fos promoter
Authors: Anna Mae Diehl, Shi Qi Yang
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins are a family of basic zipper DNA binding proteins that regulate transcription of several liver-specific genes and certain growth-related genes. Growth-related variations in the nuclear expression of one or more of the CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins may regulate the transition from the nonproliferative, differentiated phenotype of adult liver to the proliferative phenotype of regenerating liver. To evaluate this possibility, we used Northern- and Western-blot analyses to profile the expression of selected CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins in regenerating liver. Variations in CCAAT/enhancer binding protein expression were then correlated with changes in binding to the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein site of the c- fos promoter. Expression of both CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β increases after partial hepatectomy. Steady-state levels of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α mRNA increase 30 within an hour of partial hepatectomy (p &lt; 0.05). This is followed by a transient increase in nuclear levels of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α protein at 3 hr after partial hepatectomy (p = 0.08). In contrast, increases in CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β mRNA and protein are more sustained. Levels of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β mRNA increase 400 to 500 within an hour of partial hepatectomy and remain increased throughout most of the prereplicative period (p &lt; 0.01). Nuclear levels of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β protein are 200 to 300 greater than prehepatectomy levels at 3 hr (p &lt; 0.001) to 6 hr (p &lt; 0.05) and do not approach basal levels until 24 hr after partial hepatectomy. Gel mobility shift assays of nuclear extracts from regenerating livers indicate that these increases in nuclear protein expression are associated with increased DNA binding of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α-β heterodimers and β-β homodimers. These results demonstrate growth-related variations in the expression and DNA binding of both CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α and β during liver regeneration and support the theory that altered CCAAT/enhancer binding protein DNA binding may contribute to regeneration-associated changes in liver cell phenotype. (Hepatology 1994;19:447-456).
Diuretics and Electrolyte Disturbances in 1000 Consecutive Geriatric Admissions
Authors: C M Byatt, P H Millard, G E Levin
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1990)

Old people are commonly receiving diuretics on admission to hospital. Diuretics are recognized as a risk factor for electrolyte disturbances; controversy exists about the relative risks of different combinations (in particular, co-amilozide [Moduretic]). We recorded the drug history and serum electrolytes in 1000 consecutive admissions to a geriatric hospital, and examined the relative prescribing rates of various diuretics in the community. Full results were obtained in 929 patients. A history of diuretic prescription was present in 353 (38%) of the patients; the mean serum sodium in this group (95% CI 136.0–137.1 mmol/1) was lower than in the 586 not prescribed diuretics (137.1–137.9 mmol/1). The difference was small but statistically significant (95% CI difference=0.3–1.6 mmol/1; P&lt;0.01). Hyponatraemia (serum sodium &lt; 130 mmol/l) was not significantly commoner in the 41 patients prescribed co-amilozide than in patients prescribed other diuretics. In general patients prescribed potassium-retaining diuretics had a lower serum sodium than the others. There was a significant positive correlation between the serum potassium and the log [serum urea) (r=0.26, P &lt; 0.001) and a weak negative correlation existed between sodium and potassium (r= −0.14; P &lt; 0.001). There was an association between the prescription of potassium-retaining diuretics and a higher serum potassium; also an association between the prescription of a loop or thiazide diuretic and a lower serum potassium. These interactions were shown by multiple regression analysis to be independent and additive. Co-amilozide formed a significantly higher proportion of all diuretics prescribed in the community group than in the inpatient group (18% versus 12%; P &lt; 0.05). Hyponatraemia was mild and mainly associated with potassium-retaining diuretics in our patients. Our study was unable to confirm or refute any specific dangers of co-amilozide compared with other potassium-retaining diuretic combinations.
Relations Between the United States and Cuba
Authors: César Chelala
Journal: JAMA (1996)

One of the oft-neglected questions in the debate about Cuba is whether policies that adversely affect the health of Cubans should be used in the US government's efforts to force changes in the Castro government. Following the Cuban revolution of 1959, health and education services improved significantly in Cuba as a result of the Castro government's decision to make health and education priorities. Along with Costa Rica, Cuba achieved some of the best health indicators among the Latin American and Caribbean countries.<sup>1</sup>Those gains are now being reversed, as a result in part of the continuing embargo against Cuba, which will be even stricter if the Helms-Burton bill is finally made into law. Since 1962, the United States has maintained an economic embargo against Cuba. Because of political and economic support from the former Soviet Union, this embargo had only a limited impact for many years. In 1992, the
Routine protein energy supplementation may improve patient outcomes
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Routine protein energy supplementation may improve patient outcomesAlthough it is recognised that hospital patients are frequently undernourished, it is not clear if routine protein energy supplementation improves patient outcomes.On p 495 Potter et al report on a systematic review of the randomised controlled trials of routine protein energy supplementation by the oral or enteral route.Patients receiving supplements were more likely to show improvements in weight and anthropometry and were less likely to die.However, when the analysis was restricted to those trials clearly describing a good methodological design, the observed benefits were diminished.Although there may be significant and important health benefits from routine prescribing of protein energy supplementation, further large pragmatic trials are justified.
And It Wasn't Her Fault Anyway...
Authors: Tom Bohr
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was saddened to read the essay entitled "Equal, Not Really," by an anonymous 35-year-old woman physician.<sup>1</sup>The author said she felt "melancholy, inadequate, and guilt-ridden" because her young son had developed a stuttering problem. Apparently, her son's teacher, headmaster, and even a speech pathologist had informed her that her heavy medical work load was a causative factor. Because she had not given her stuttering son enough mother-child time she would "cry myself to sleep." I suppose it is forgivable that an "accomplished, respected" physician, possibly in an unrelated field, would not know that stuttering is more likely to be a genetic problem than an environmental one. But it is surprising that a speech pathologist could be so ignorant of recent developments. There are various lines of evidence for genetic transmission, including (1) the fact that three times as many boys as girls develop stuttering, (2)
Blood Lead Levels in Young Children—United States and Selected States, 1996-1999
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Lead exposure adversely affects the cognitive development and behavior of young children (1). For children aged < 6 years, CDC has defined an elevated blood lead level (BLL) as > or = 10 microg/dL, but evidence exists for subtle effects at lower levels (2). Data from CDC's Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Phase 2 (1991-1994) (NHANES) showed that average BLLs in children had decreased approximately 80% since the late 1970s but that elevated BLLs remained more common among low-income children, urban children, and those living in older housing (3,4). Although these data provide national estimates of the prevalence of elevated BLLs among children, they do not provide information at the state or local level. To target prevention efforts and monitor progress toward reducing BLLs at the state and local level, CDC's Childhood Blood Lead Surveillance (CBLS) program supports state blood lead surveillance programs on the basis of blood lead tests from public and private clinical laboratories. This report summarizes data on BLLs in children aged 1-5 years from NHANES data collected in 1999 and children aged < 6 years from state surveillance data provided to CDC by 19 state surveillance programs during 1996-1998. The findings indicate that, despite the decreases in mean BLL among children, the problem remains concentrated on a local level. Surveillance efforts should be used to target screening efforts to communities at highest risk.