tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anti-anaerobic antibiotics: indication is key
Authors: G. Jan Zijlstra, Harm-Jan S. de Grooth
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2023)

We have read the translational series of experiments by Chanderraj et al. [1] with great interest. It shows the use of anti-anaerobic antibiotics to be associated with an increased risk of mortality in a retrospective study of mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients who have been prescribed intravenous antibiotics. When assessing the effect on mortality of anti-anaerobic antibiotics, indication should be taken into account <https://bit.ly/3Y9SJPg>
News from EULAR
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2023)

EULAR—The European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology—is pleased to announce the appointment of Dr Natascha Moriconi, Switzerland, as its new Executive Director. She is succeeding Dr Julia Rautenstrauch, Germany, in this role. Dr Moriconi will focus on leading the EULAR Team and driving the new EULAR Strategy to its vision, mission and values. The full press release is available at EULAR press releases %7C EULAR For recommendations relevant to patient audiences, EULAR provides a lay summary version in English and calls on all interested organisations to disseminate them and encourage the translation into their own language. Translations are available for the following recommendations:
<i>Notes from the Field:</i> First Reported U.S. Cases of Tinea Caused by <i>Trichophyton indotineae —</i> New York City, December 2021–March 2023
Authors: Avrom S. Caplan, Sudha Chaturvedi, YanChun Zhu, Gabrielle C. Todd, Lu Yin, Adriana Lopez, Lisa Travis, Dallas J. Smith, Tom Chiller, Shawn R. Lockhart, Karen A. Alroy, William G. Greendyke, Jeremy A. W. Gold
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2023)

Tinea is a common, highly contagious, superficial infection of the skin, hair, or nails caused by dermatophyte molds.*During the past decade, an epidemic of severe, antifungalresistant tinea has emerged in South Asia because of the rapid spread of Trichophyton indotineae, † a novel dermatophyte species; the epidemic has likely been driven by misuse and overuse of topical antifungals and corticosteroids § (1,2).T. indotineae infections are highly transmissible and characterized by widespread, inflamed, pruritic plaques on the body (tinea corporis), the crural fold, pubic region, and adjacent thigh (tinea cruris), or the face (tinea faciei) (1).T. indotineae isolates are frequently resistant to terbinafine, a mainstay of tinea treatment (1,3).T. indotineae infections have been reported throughout Asia and in Europe and Canada but have not previously been described in the United States (3).On February 28, 2023, a New York City dermatologist notified public health officials of two patients who had severe tinea that did not improve with oral terbinafine treatment, raising concern for potential T. indotineae infection; these patients shared no epidemiologic links.Skin culture isolates from each patient were previously identified by a clinical laboratory as Trichophyton mentagrophytes and were subsequently forwarded to the Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, * Commonly known as "ringworm," tinea is most often caused by dermatophyte molds belonging to the genus Trichophyton.The infection spreads easily by skin-to-skin contact with infected animals or persons, secondary spread from other affected body sites, and fomites.Most skin infections are localized and resolve with topical antifungal treatment, and oral antifungal therapy is generally reserved for cases that do not improve with topical treatment or those with extensive disease or infection of the hair follicles.https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/ringworm/definition.html† The etiologic agent causing the epidemic of drug-resistant tinea in South Asia was initially identified as T. mentagrophytes ITS genotype VIII.However, based on recent genomic studies, scientists determined that these frequently terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton strains were sufficiently different from T. mentagrophytes to be considered a new species, T. indotineae.§ The emergence and spread of T. indotineae in South Asian countries have been linked to the inappropriate use of widely available topical combination creams containing antifungals, antibiotics, and high-potency corticosteroids.https:// www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/ringworm/dermatophyte-resistance.
Rectifying Errors and an Apology for a Study of Possible Differential Effects of an Intervention Among Black and White Patients
Authors: Stephan D. Fihn, Annette Flanagin, Frederick P. Rivara
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Priya Vart, PhD; Niels Jongs, PhD; David C. Wheeler, MD; Hiddo J. L. Heerspink, PhD; Anna Maria Langkilde, PhD; Glenn M. Chertow, MD, MPH
Mannose 6-phosphate receptor-targeting antibodies preserve Fc receptor-mediated recycling
Authors: Corentin Gauthier, Julie Mariot, Morgane Daurat, Christine Dhommée, Khaled El Cheikh, Elodie Morère, Geoffrey Depaepe, Magali Gary-Bobo, Alain Morère, Marcel Garcia, Ilaria Basile, Valérie Gouilleux-Gruart, Marie Maynadier
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2023)
Hybrid Polypyrrole and Polydopamine Nanosheets for Precise Raman/Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Hongya Geng, Emily J. Lupton, Yun Ma, Rujie Sun, Christopher L. Grigsby, Giulia Brachi, Xiaorui Li, Kun Zhou, Daniel J. Stuckey, Molly M. Stevens
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract The development of near‐infrared light responsive conductive polymers provides a useful theranostic platform for malignant tumors by maximizing spatial resolution with deep tissue penetration for diagnosis and photothermal therapy. Herein, the self‐assembly of ultrathin 2D polypyrrole nanosheets utilizing dopamine as a capping agent and a monolayer of octadecylamine as a template is demonstrated. The 2D polypyrrole‐polydopamine nanostructure has tunable size distribution which shows strong absorption in the first and second near‐infrared windows, enabling photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy. The hybrid double‐layer is demonstrated to increase Raman intensity for 3D Raman imaging (up to two orders of magnitude enhancement and spatial resolution up to 1 µm). The acidic environment drives reversible doping of polypyrrole, which can be detected by Raman spectroscopy. The combined properties of the nanosheets can substantially enhance performance in dual‐mode Raman and photoacoustic guided photothermal therapy, as shown by the 69% light to heat conversion efficiency and higher cytotoxicity against cancer spheroids. These pH‐responsive features highlight the potential of 2D conductive polymers for applications in accurate, highly efficient theranostics.
Network analysis reveals a major role for 14q32 cluster miRNAs in determining transcriptional differences between IGHV-mutated and unmutated CLL
Authors: Dean Bryant, Lindsay Smith, Karly Rai Rogers-Broadway, Laura Karydis, Jeongmin Woo, Matthew D. Blunt, Francesco Forconi, Freda K. Stevenson, Christopher Goodnow, Amanda Russell, Peter Humburg, Graham Packham, Andrew J. Steele, Jonathan C. Strefford
Journal: Leukemia (2023)

Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells can express unmutated (U-CLL) or mutated (M-CLL) immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHV) genes with differing clinical behaviours, variable B cell receptor (BCR) signalling capacity and distinct transcriptional profiles. As it remains unclear how these differences reflect the tumour cells’ innate pre/post germinal centre origin or their BCR signalling competence, we applied mRNA/miRNA sequencing to 38 CLL cases categorised into three subsets by IGHV mutational status and BCR signalling capacity. We identified 492 mRNAs and 38 miRNAs differentially expressed between U-CLL and M-CLL, but only 9 mRNAs and 0 miRNAs associated with BCR competence within M-CLL. Of the IGHV-associated miRNAs, (14/38 (37%)) derived from chr14q32 clusters where all miRNAs were co-expressed with the MEG3 lncRNA from a cancer associated imprinted locus. Integrative analysis of miRNA/mRNA data revealed pronounced regulatory potential for the 14q32 miRNAs, potentially accounting for up to 25% of the IGHV-related transcriptome signature. GAB1 , a positive regulator of BCR signalling, was potentially regulated by five 14q32 miRNAs and we confirmed that two of these (miR-409-3p and miR-411-3p) significantly repressed activity of the GAB1 3′UTR. Our analysis demonstrates a potential key role of the 14q32 miRNA locus in the regulation of CLL-related gene regulation.
Organic Electronic Platform for Real‐Time Phenotypic Screening of Extracellular‐Vesicle‐Driven Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Walther C. Traberg, Johana Uribe, Victor Druet, Adel Hama, Chrysanthi‐Maria Moysidou, Miriam Huerta, Reece McCoy, Daniel Hayward, Achilleas Savva, Amaury M. R. Genovese, Suraj Pavagada, Zixuan Lu, Anil Koklu, Anna‐Maria Pappa, Rebecca Fitzgerald, Sahika Inal, Susan Daniel, Róisín M. Owens
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) induce the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in nonmalignant cells to promote invasion and cancer metastasis, representing a novel therapeutic target in a field severely lacking in efficacious antimetastasis treatments. However, scalable technologies that allow continuous, multiparametric monitoring for identifying metastasis inhibitors are absent. Here, the development of a functional phenotypic screening platform based on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) for real-time, noninvasive monitoring of TEV-induced EMT and screening of antimetastatic drugs is reported. TEVs derived from the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 induce EMT in nonmalignant breast epithelial cells (MCF10A) over a nine-day period, recapitulating a model of invasive ductal carcinoma metastasis. Immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence imaging confirm the EMT status of TEV-treated cells, while dual optical and electrical readouts of cell phenotype are obtained using OECTs. Further, heparin, a competitive inhibitor of cell surface receptors, is identified as an effective blocker of TEV-induced EMT. Together, these results demonstrate the utility of the platform for TEV-targeted drug discovery, allowing for facile modeling of the transient drug response using electrical measurements, and provide proof of concept that inhibitors of TEV function have potential as antimetastatic drug candidates.
Changing epidemiology, global trends and implications for outcomes of NAFLD
Authors: Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Mattias Ekstedt, Grace Lai-Hung Wong, Hannes Hagström
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2023)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has rapidly become the most common liver disease globally, currently estimated to affect 38% of the global population. A minority of patients with NAFLD will progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma, but the total number of this vast population that risk such severe outcomes is increasing. Worryingly, persons are affected by NAFLD at an earlier age, suggesting they have longer time to develop severe complications. With considerable changes in diet composition and urbanization, obesity and type 2 diabetes among the global population, in particular in developing countries, the global proportion of persons affected by NAFLD is projected to be further increasing. Yet, there are large geographical discrepancies in the prevalence rates of NAFLD and its inflammatory component non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Such differences are partly related to differing socio-economic milieus, but also to genetic predisposition.This narrative review discusses recent changes in the epidemiology of NAFLD and NASH from regional and global perspectives, as well as in special populations. We also discuss the consequences these changes can have on hepatic and extra-hepatic events.
Black Tongue Discoloration
Authors: Yasuhiro Kano
Journal: JAMA (2023)

An 80-year-old man developed asymptomatic black discoloration of the dorsal surface of his tongue 1 week after hospitalization for surgical and antibiotic treatment of septic arthritis of the shoulder. He reported no prior lingual discoloration and did not smoke cigarettes, use chewing tobacco or illicit drugs, or drink alcohol. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?
Errors in Abstract, Results, and Discussion
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Winston E. Abara, MD; Julianne Gee, MPH; Paige Marquez, MSPH; Jared Woo, MPH; Tanya R. Myers, PhD; Allison DeSantis, MPH; Jane A. G. Baumblatt, MD; Emily Jane Woo, MD, MPH; Deborah Thompson, MD; Narayan Nair, MD; John R. Su, MD, PhD; Tom T. Shimabukuro, MD, MPH, MBA; David K. Shay, MD, MPH
Unraveling the mystery of isocaloric endurance training - Influence of exercise modality, biological sex, and physical fitness
Authors: Thomas Leonhard Stöggl, Tilmann Strepp, Julia Blumkaitis, Anna Schmuttermair, Patrick Wahl, Nils Haller
Journal: Metabolism (2023)

BackgroundA sedentary lifestyle with low energy expenditure (EE) is associated with chronic diseases and mortality. Barriers such as "lack of time" or "lack of motivation" are common reasons why physical exercise is neglected in the general population. To optimize EE in the time available, time-efficient but also enjoyable types of exercise are required. We therefore used an isocaloric approach to systematically investigate the effects of six different endurance exercise modalities on metabolic, mechanical, cardiorespiratory, and subjective variables in relation to biological sex and physical fitness.MethodsOut of 104, 92 healthy participants (21 recreationally trained and 18 trained females, 25 recreationally trained and 28 trained males) were subjected to physiological exercise testing to determine the exercise intensities for six exercise modalities, i.e., three different high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols (5 × 4 min, 15 × 1 min, 30 × 30 sec intervals), threshold (THR), speed endurance production (SEP), and low-intensity continuous endurance training (LIT). One of three HIIT sessions served as the reference for the subsequent isocaloric exercise modalities which were completed in randomized order. Metabolic and mechanical variables, i.e., EE during exercise, time to isocaloric EE (Tiso), relative and absolute fat contribution, post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), mechanical energy, as well as cardiorespiratory and subjective variables, i.e., heart rate, oxygen uptake response, rating of perceived exertion, and enjoyment were assessed. Data were analyzed using a 6 × 2 × 2 repeated-measures ANOVA.ResultsAll three versions of HIIT and THR achieved the same EE during exercise for the same training duration. We found that LIT had a 1.6-fold (p < 0.001) and SEP a 1.3-fold (p < 0.001) longer Tiso compared to HIIT with no effects of biological sex (p = 0.42, pη2 = 0.01) or physical fitness (p = 0.09, pη2 = 0.04). There was a main effect of exercise modality on EPOC (p < 0.001, pη2 = 0.76) with highest values for HIIT 30 × 30 (p = 0.032) and lowest for LIT (p < 0.001). The highest relative and absolute amounts of fatty acids were measured during LIT (p < 0.001), and the lowest values were obtained during HIIT modalities. HIIT 30 × 30 was the most enjoyable version of HIIT (p = 0.007), while THR was the least enjoyable exercise modality (p = 0.008).ConclusionHIIT modalities are time-saving and enjoyable, regardless of sex and physical fitness. The results illustrate the relationship between exercise modality and metabolic, physiological, and subjective responses, and are thus of great interest to healthy individuals seeking time-saving and enjoyable exercise options.
Glucocorticoids are differentially synthesized along the murine and human respiratory tree
Authors: Verena M. Merk, Pietro Renzulli, Bart Vrugt, Achim Fleischmann, Thomas Brunner
Journal: Allergy (2023)

Synthetic glucocorticoids (GC) are effective in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the lung. However, long-term use leads to severe side effects. Endogenous GC can be synthesized locally, either de novo from cholesterol in a 11β-hydroxylase (Cyp11b1)-dependent manner, or by reactivation from 11-dehydrocorticosterone/cortisone by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (Hsd11b1). We aimed to define the molecular pathways of endogenous GC synthesis along the respiratory tree to provide a basis for understanding how local GC synthesis contributes to tissue homeostasis.Expression of steroidogenic enzymes in murine lung epithelium was analyzed by macroscopic and laser capture microdissection, followed by RT-qPCR. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to identify the cellular source of steroidogenic enzymes. Additionally, the induction of steroidogenic enzyme expression in the lung was analyzed after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. mRNA and protein expression of steroidogenic enzymes was confirmed in human lung tissue by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, GC synthesis was examined in ex vivo cultures of fresh tissue from mice and human lobectomy patients.We observed that the murine and human lung tissue differentially expresses synthesis pathway-determining enzymes along the respiratory tree. We detected Hsd11b1 expression in bronchial, alveolar, club and basal epithelial cells, whereas Cyp11b1 expression was detectable only in tracheal epithelial cells of mice. Accordingly, de novo synthesis of bioactive GC occurred in the large conducting airways, whereas reactivation occurred everywhere along the respiratory tree. Strikingly, Cyp11b1 but not Hsd11b1 expression was enhanced in the trachea upon LPS injection in mice.We report here the differential synthesis of bioactive GC along the murine and human respiratory tree. Thus, extra-adrenal de novo GC synthesis and reactivation may differentially contribute to the regulation of immunological and inflammatory processes in the lung.
Robot-assisted Radical Cystectomy Versus Open Radical Cystectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Perioperative, Oncological, and Quality of Life Outcomes Using Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Pramit Khetrapal, Joanna Kae Ling Wong, Wei Phin Tan, Thiara Rupasinghe, Wei Shen Tan, Stephen B. Williams, Stephen A. Boorjian, Carl Wijburg, Dipen J. Parekh, Peter Wiklund, Nikhil Vasdev, Muhammad Shamim Khan, Khurshid A. Guru, James W.F. Catto, John D. Kelly
Journal: European Urology (2023)

Differences in recovery, oncological, and quality of life (QoL) outcomes between open radical cystectomy (ORC) and robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) for patients with bladder cancer are unclear.This review aims to compare these outcomes within randomized trials of ORC and RARC in this context. The primary outcome was the rate of 90-d perioperative events. The secondary outcomes included operative, pathological, survival, and health-related QoL (HRQoL) measures.Systematic literature searches of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and clinicaltrials.gov were performed up to May 31, 2022.Eight trials, reporting 1024 participants, were included. RARC was associated with a shorter hospital length of stay (LOS; mean difference [MD] 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03-0.39, p = 0.02) than and similar complication rates to ORC. ORC was associated with higher thromboembolic events (odds ratio [OR] 1.84, 95% CI 1.02-3.31, p = 0.04). ORC was associated with more blood loss (MD 322 ml, 95% CI 193-450, p < 0.001) and transfusions (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.65-3.36, p < 0.001), but shorter operative time (MD 76 min, 95% CI 39-112, p < 0.001) than RARC. No differences in lymph node yield (MD 1.07, 95% CI -1.73 to 3.86, p = 0.5) or positive surgical margin rates (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.54-1.67, p = 0.9) were present. RARC was associated with better physical functioning or well-being (standardized MD 0.47, 95% CI 0.29-0.65, p < 0.001) and role functioning (MD 8.8, 95% CI 2.4-15.1, p = 0.007), but no improvement in overall HRQoL. No differences in progression-free survival or overall survival were seen. Limitations may include a lack of generalization given trial patients.RARC offers various perioperative benefits over ORC. It may be more suitable in patients wishing to avoid blood transfusion, those wanting a shorter LOS, or those at a high risk of thromboembolic events.This study compares robot-assisted keyhole surgery with open surgery for bladder cancer. The robot-assisted approach offered less blood loss, shorter hospital stays, and fewer blood clots. No other differences were seen.
Recent advances in biomimetic nanodelivery systems: New brain-targeting strategies
Authors: Jun Liao, Li Fan, Yi Li, Qing-Qiang Xu, Li-Yan Xiong, Shan-Shan Zhang, Ji-Hao Liu, Zhi-Cheng Xiao, Chuan Zhang, Jian Yang, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Kai Xiao, Ting-Fang Wang, Ying Lu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2023)
Adventitial stromal cells and myofibroblasts recruit pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory immune cells in allergic airway inflammation
Authors: En Xu, Gaoyuan Cao, Zhi Yang, Yuanyue Zhang, Youwen Si, Kunal Singh, Joseph Jude, Steven S. An, Cynthia J. Koziol‐White, Reynold A. Panettieri, Qi Yang
Journal: Allergy (2023)
COVID-19 Surveillance After Expiration of the Public Health Emergency Declaration ― United States, May 11, 2023
Authors: Benjamin J. Silk, Heather M. Scobie, William M. Duck, Tess Palmer, Farida B. Ahmad, Alison M. Binder, Jodi A. Cisewski, Seth Kroop, Karl Soetebier, Meeyoung Park, Aaron Kite-Powell, Andrea Cool, Erin Connelly, Stephanie Dietz, Amy E. Kirby, Kathleen Hartnett, Jocelyn Johnston, Diba Khan, Shannon Stokley, Clinton R. Paden, Michael Sheppard, Paul Sutton, Hilda Razzaghi, Robert N. Anderson, Natalie Thornburg, Sarah Meyer, Caryn Womack, Aliki P. Weakland, Meredith McMorrow, Lanson R. Broeker, Amber Winn, Aron J. Hall, Brendan Jackson, Barbara E. Mahon, Matthew D. Ritchey
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2023)

On January 31, 2020, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) declared, under Section 319 of the Public Health Service Act, a U.S. public health emergency because of the emergence of a novel virus, SARS-CoV-2.* After 13 renewals, the public health emergency will expire on May 11, 2023. Authorizations to collect certain public health data will expire on that date as well. Monitoring the impact of COVID-19 and the effectiveness of prevention and control strategies remains a public health priority, and a number of surveillance indicators have been identified to facilitate ongoing monitoring. After expiration of the public health emergency, COVID-19-associated hospital admission levels will be the primary indicator of COVID-19 trends to help guide community and personal decisions related to risk and prevention behaviors; the percentage of COVID-19-associated deaths among all reported deaths, based on provisional death certificate data, will be the primary indicator used to monitor COVID-19 mortality. Emergency department (ED) visits with a COVID-19 diagnosis and the percentage of positive SARS-CoV-2 test results, derived from an established sentinel network, will help detect early changes in trends. National genomic surveillance will continue to be used to estimate SARS-CoV-2 variant proportions; wastewater surveillance and traveler-based genomic surveillance will also continue to be used to monitor SARS-CoV-2 variants. Disease severity and hospitalization-related outcomes are monitored via sentinel surveillance and large health care databases. Monitoring of COVID-19 vaccination coverage, vaccine effectiveness (VE), and vaccine safety will also continue. Integrated strategies for surveillance of COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses can further guide prevention efforts. COVID-19-associated hospitalizations and deaths are largely preventable through receipt of updated vaccines and timely administration of therapeutics (1-4).