tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Authors: Carol M. Mangione, Michael J. Barry, Wanda K. Nicholson, Michael Cabana, Tumaini Rucker Coker, Karina W. Davidson, Esa M. Davis, Katrina E. Donahue, Carlos Roberto Jaén, Martha Kubik, Li Li, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Lori Pbert, John M. Ruiz, James Stevermer, John B. Wong
Journal: JAMA (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which includes heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke, is the leading cause of death in the US. A large proportion of CVD cases can be prevented by addressing modifiable risk factors, including smoking, obesity, diabetes, elevated blood pressure or hypertension, dyslipidemia, lack of physical activity, and unhealthy diet. Adults who adhere to national guidelines for a healthy diet and physical activity have lower rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than those who do not; however, most US adults do not consume healthy diets or engage in physical activity at recommended levels. <h3>Objective</h3> To update its 2017 recommendation, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a review of the evidence on the benefits and harms of behavioral counseling interventions to promote healthy behaviors in adults without CVD risk factors. <h3>Population</h3> Adults 18 years or older without known CVD risk factors, which include hypertension or elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, impaired fasting glucose or glucose tolerance, or mixed or multiple risk factors such as metabolic syndrome or an estimated 10-year CVD risk of 7.5% or greater. <h3>Evidence Assessment</h3> The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that behavioral counseling interventions have a small net benefit on CVD risk in adults without CVD risk factors. <h3>Recommendation</h3> The USPSTF recommends that clinicians individualize the decision to offer or refer adults without CVD risk factors to behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthy diet and physical activity. (C recommendation)
BMA tells consultants to stop carrying out non-contractual work unless properly paid
Authors: Adele Waters
Journal: BMJ (2022)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> There is evidence that all hospital-based care needs to improve across 7&nbsp;days. Inpatients with diabetes require better specialist attention and improved clinical outcomes. The East and North Herts inpatient diabetes service has responded to this challenge with care now delivered by consultants and diabetes nurses, 365&nbsp;days per year. We set out to provide a prospectively measurable improvement in ascertainment of appropriate patients alongside a ‘care bundle’ to ensure they receive a better quality experience. We also set out to document quantifiable changes in clinical data. A seven-day service is now in place and provides a variety of benefits to both professionals and patients alike.
Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Among US Individuals With Gestational Diabetes by Race and Ethnicity—Reply
Authors: Kartik K. Venkatesh, Courtney D. Lynch, William A. Grobman
Journal: JAMA (2022)

In Reply Our study1 examined trends in adverse pregnancy outcomes from 2014 to 2020 among individuals with gestational diabetes by race and ethnicity subgroup. In our analysis, we excluded individuals with pregestational diabetes.
Tirzepatide Trial Demonstrates Substantial Weight Loss
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Loss of sphingosine kinase 2 promotes the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells by improving their metabolic fitness
Authors: Changzheng Li, Binghuo Wu, Yishan Li, Yaxi Liu, Jin Wang, Jiayi Xie, Xi Xu, Xiaobin Tian, Zhitao Ye, Jingjing Guan, Jie Chen, Siyu Xie, Baolin Zhang, Boyong Cai, Qianhao Wang, Haopeng Yu, Tian Lan, Cheuk Him Man, Xunlei Kang, Pengxu Qian, John M. Perry, Aibin He, Linjia Jiang, Meng Zhao
Journal: Blood (2022)
Microfluidized Dextran Microgels Loaded with Cisplatin/SPION Lipid Nanotherapeutics for Local Colon Cancer Treatment via Oral Administration
Authors: I.‐Lin Lu, Ting‐Wei Yu, Te‐I Liu, Hsin‐Hung Chen, Ying‐Chieh Yang, Chun‐Liang Lo, Chi‐Ya Wang, Hsin‐Cheng Chiu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Multifunctional sequential targeted delivery system is developed as an efficient therapeutic strategy against malignant tumors with selective accumulation and minimal systemic drug absorption. The therapeutic system is comprised of microfluidized dextran microgels encapsulating cisplatin/superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs)-loaded trilaurin-based lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The microgel system is imparted hierarchically dual targeting via dextran and folic acid (FA) residues, leading to increases both in retention of the microgels in colon and in cellular uptake of the therapeutic LNPs by colon cancer cells while being used for oral therapeutic delivery. Encapsulation of the therapeutic LNPs into dextran microgels attained by microfluidized crosslinking reaction reduces gastrointestinal adhesion and prevents the FA-modified LNPs from cellular transport by proton-coupled FA transporters in small intestine during their oral delivery to colon. Upon enzymatic degradation of the dextran microgels by dextranase present exclusively in colon, LNPs thus released become more recognizable and readily internalized by FA receptor-overexpressing colon cancer cells. The combined chemo/magnetothermal therapeutic effect of dual targeted lipid nanoparticle-loaded microgels from entrapped lipidized cisplatin and alternating magnetic field-treated SPIONs significantly inhibits tumor growth and suppresses metastatic peritoneal carcinomatosis in orthotopic colon cancer-bearing mice.
Letter to the editor: County‐level variation in hepatitis C virus mortality and trends in the United States, 2005–2017
Authors: Muhammad Shehryar, Muhammad Zawar Asif, Muhammad Umair
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

To the editor, Hall et al.'s "County‐Level Variation in Hepatitis C Virus Mortality and Trends in the United States, 2005–2017" was well‐received.1 It was great to read this article, and the author deserves appreciation. We agree that the trend's direction and degree vary by place and age. Efforts to continue the nationwide decline in hepatitis C Virus (HCV) mortality will require new strategies to improve testing and care for persons living with HCV infection, especially in counties with persistently high HCV mortality rates. However, we feel obligated to add more points to improve the content and expand earlier material. Anti‐HCV prevalence increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and thrombocytopenia was not supplied as medians, ranges, or standard mortality ratios by nation. Simple and multiple linear regressions were not done to describe the prevalence of thrombocytopenia, elevated ALT levels, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mortality, which would have validated the study's validity. Tsai et al.2 found a connection between hepatitis B virus and HCV infections and male (r2 = 0.62) and female (r2 = 0.53) HCC mortality. There was no information on HCV infection severity management. Bruggmann et al. obtained annual liver transplant data from national or international sources and corrected for HCV proportion.3 Existing differences exist on patient treatment. Given the rapid rate of HCV pharmaceutical research, the 10‐year scope for future therapies includes dual therapy of peginterferon (PEG‐IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) (non‐genotype 1 [G1]) or triple therapeutics (G1) for the first five years, followed by an interferon‐free regimen for G2/3 treatment‐naive patients and triple or quadruple therapy for others. HCV causes a number of extrahepatic symptoms. Previous paragraphs did not mention ophthalmological, mucocutaneous, or immunologic symptoms. Successful HCV eradication with PEG‐IFN and RBV was linked to increased attention, vigilance, and working memory. Nonresponders to virology did not benefit.4 HCV eradication reduces extrahepatic symptoms, and larger cure rates with new regimens may have even more pronounced effects. Extrahepatic HCV symptoms justify anti‐HCV therapy even in the absence of liver disease. Currently practiced regimens are more acceptable than earlier drugs and have a better risk/benefit ratio. To sustain the statewide decline in HCV fatalities, additional steps will enhance access to testing and care for people with HCV infection, especially in counties where mortality rates are high.5
Direct chemical induction of hepatocyte‐like cells with capacity for liver repopulation
Authors: Yunfei Bai, Zhenghao Yang, Xiaochan Xu, Wanqiu Ding, Juntian Qi, Feng Liu, Xiaoxiao Wang, Bin Zhou, Wenpeng Zhang, Xiaomei Zhuang, Guanglu Li, Yang Zhao
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Background and Aims: Cell fate can be directly reprogrammed from accessible cell types (e.g., fibroblasts) into functional cell types by exposure to small molecule stimuli. However, no chemical reprogramming method has been reported to date that successfully generates functional hepatocyte‐like cells that can repopulate liver tissue, casting doubt over the feasibility of chemical reprogramming approaches to obtain desirable cell types for therapeutic applications. Approach and Results: Here, through chemical induction of phenotypic plasticity, we provide a proof‐of‐concept demonstration of the direct chemical reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into functional hepatocyte‐like cells using exposure to small molecule cocktails in culture medium to successively stimulate endogenous expression of master transcription factors associated with hepatocyte development, such as hepatocyte nuclear factor 4a, nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2, and nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4. RNA sequencing analysis, metabolic assays, and in vivo physiological experiments show that chemically induced hepatocytes (CiHeps) exhibit comparable activity and function to primary hepatocytes, especially in liver repopulation to rescue liver failure in fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase −/− recombination activating gene 2 −/− interleukin 2 receptor, gamma chain −/− mice in vivo . Single‐cell RNA‐seq further revealed that gastrointestinal‐like and keratinocyte‐like cells were induced along with CiHeps, resembling the activation of an intestinal program within hepatic reprogramming as described in transgenic approaches. Conclusions Our findings show that direct chemical reprogramming can generate hepatocyte‐like cells with high‐quality physiological properties, providing a paradigm for establishing hepatocyte identity in fibroblasts and demonstrating the potential for chemical reprogramming in organ/tissue repair and regeneration therapies.
Emergency Contraception Caution for Women With Obesity
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reply to Mang <i>et al.</i>
Authors: Whitney D. Gannon, John W. Stokes, Sean A. Francois, Yatrik J. Patel, Meredith E. Pugh, Clayne Benson, Todd W. Rice, Matthew Bacchetta, Matthew W. Semler, Jonathan D. Casey
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)
A Survey on Design, Actuation, Modeling, and Control of Continuum Robot
Authors: Jingyu Zhang, Qin Fang, Pingyu Xiang, Danying Sun, Yanan Xue, Rui Jin, Ke Qiu, Rong Xiong, Yue Wang, Haojian Lu
Journal: Cyborg and Bionic Systems (2022)

In this paper, we describe the advances in the design, actuation, modeling, and control field of continuum robots. After decades of pioneering research, many innovative structural design and actuation methods have arisen. Untethered magnetic robots are a good example; its external actuation characteristic allows for miniaturization, and they have gotten a lot of interest from academics. Furthermore, continuum robots with proprioceptive abilities are also studied. In modeling, modeling approaches based on continuum mechanics and geometric shaping hypothesis have made significant progress after years of research. Geometric exact continuum mechanics yields apparent computing efficiency via discrete modeling when combined with numerical analytic methods such that many effective model-based control methods have been realized. In the control, closed-loop and hybrid control methods offer great accuracy and resilience of motion control when combined with sensor feedback information. On the other hand, the advancement of machine learning has made modeling and control of continuum robots easier. The data-driven modeling technique simplifies modeling and improves anti-interference and generalization abilities. This paper discusses the current development and challenges of continuum robots in the above fields and provides prospects for the future.
CST6 suppresses osteolytic bone disease in multiple myeloma by blocking osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Dongzheng Gai, Jin-Ran Chen, James P. Stewart, Intawat Nookaew, Hasem Habelhah, Cody Ashby, Fumou Sun, Yan Cheng, Can Li, Hongwei Xu, Bailu Peng, Tarun K. Garg, Carolina Schinke, Sharmilan Thanendrarajan, Maurizio Zangari, Fangping Chen, Bart Barlogie, Frits van Rhee, Guido Tricot, John D. Shaughnessy, Fenghuang Zhan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

Osteolytic bone disease is a hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM). A significant fraction (~20%) of MM patients do not develop osteolytic lesions (OLs). The molecular basis for the absence of bone disease in MM is not understood. We combined PET-CT and gene expression profiling (GEP) of purified BM CD138+ MM cells from 512 newly diagnosed MM patients to reveal that elevated expression of cystatin M/E (CST6) was significantly associated with the absence of OL in MM. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed a strong correlation between CST6 levels in BM serum/plasma and CST6 mRNA expression. Both recombinant CST6 protein and BM serum from patients with high CST6 significantly inhibited the activity of the osteoclast-specific protease cathepsin K and blocked osteoclast differentiation and function. Recombinant CST6 inhibited bone destruction in ex vivo and in vivo myeloma models. Single-cell RNA-Seq showed that CST6 attenuates polarization of monocytes to osteoclast precursors. Furthermore, CST6 protein blocks osteoclast differentiation by suppressing cathepsin-mediated cleavage of NF-κB/p100 and TRAF3 following RANKL stimulation. Secretion by MM cells of CST6, an inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation and function, suppresses osteolytic bone disease in MM and probably other diseases associated with osteoclast-mediated bone loss.
A systematic analysis of splicing variants identifies new diagnoses in the 100,000 Genomes Project
Authors: Alexander J. M. Blakes, Htoo A. Wai, Ian Davies, Hassan E. Moledina, April Ruiz, Tessy Thomas, David Bunyan, N. Simon Thomas, Christine P. Burren, Lynn Greenhalgh, Melissa Lees, Amanda Pichini, Sarah F. Smithson, Ana Lisa Taylor Tavares, Peter O’Donovan, Andrew G. L. Douglas, Nicola Whiffin, Diana Baralle, Jenny Lord
Journal: Genome Medicine (2022)

Genomic variants which disrupt splicing are a major cause of rare genetic diseases. However, variants which lie outside of the canonical splice sites are difficult to interpret clinically. Improving the clinical interpretation of non-canonical splicing variants offers a major opportunity to uplift diagnostic yields from whole genome sequencing data.
Physical Function in Middle-aged and Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Long-term Follow-up of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study
Authors: Catherine L. Martin, Victoria R. Trapani, Jye-Yu C. Backlund, Pearl Lee, Barbara H. Braffett, Ionut Bebu, John M. Lachin, Alan M. Jacobson, Rose Gubitosi-Klug, William H. Herman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

To describe the prevalence and clinical correlates of functional limitations in middle-aged and older adults with long-standing type 1 diabetes.Functional limitations were assessed for 1,094 participants in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study, a multicenter, longitudinal, observational follow-up of participants with type 1 diabetes randomly assigned to intensive or conventional diabetes therapy during the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). The primary outcome measure was a score <10 on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The secondary outcome, self-reported functional limitation, was assessed by written questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to assess associations of both outcomes with demographic and clinical factors (glycemic and nonglycemic factors, micro- and macrovascular complications, DCCT cohort, and treatment assignment).Participants were 53% male, with mean ± SD age 59.5 ± 6.8 years and diabetes duration 37.9 ± 4.9 years. The prevalence of SPPB score <10 was 21%. The prevalence of self-reported functional limitations was 48%. While DCCT treatment assignment was not associated with physical function outcomes measured ∼25 years after the end of the DCCT, the time-weighted mean DCCT/EDIC HbA1c was associated with both outcomes. Other clinical factors associated with both outcomes in multivariable analyses were BMI, general psychological distress, and cardiac autonomic neuropathy.Almost half of the middle-aged and older adults with long-standing type 1 diabetes reported functional limitations, which were associated with higher HbA1c and BMI, general psychological distress, and cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Future research is needed to determine whether these findings are generalizable.
A Localized Materials‐Based Strategy to Non‐Virally Deliver Chondroitinase ABC mRNA Improves Hindlimb Function in a Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model
Authors: Andrew S. Khalil, Daniel Hellenbrand, Kaitlyn Reichl, Jennifer Umhoefer, Mallory Filipp, Joshua Choe, Amgad Hanna, William L. Murphy
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Spinal cord injury often results in devastating consequences for those afflicted, with very few therapeutic options. A central element of spinal cord injuries is astrogliosis, which forms a glial scar that inhibits neuronal regeneration post-injury. Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) is an enzyme capable of degrading chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG), the predominant extracellular matrix component of the glial scar. However, poor protein stability remains a challenge in its therapeutic use. Messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery is an emerging gene therapy technology for in vivo production of difficult-to-produce therapeutic proteins. Here, mineral-coated microparticles as an efficient, non-viral mRNA delivery vehicles to produce exogenous ChABC in situ within a spinal cord lesion are used. ChABC production reduces the deposition of CSPGs in an in vitro model of astrogliosis, and direct injection of these microparticles within a glial scar forces local overexpression of ChABC and improves recovery of motor function seven weeks post-injury.
Training in Sociology and Public Health an Essential in Medical Education
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Among US Individuals With Gestational Diabetes by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Kent Heyborne, Linda Barbour
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal