tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment Outcomes in the Primary Tube Versus Trabeculectomy Study after 5 Years of Follow-up
Authors: Steven J. Gedde, William J. Feuer, Kin Sheng Lim, Keith Barton, Saurabh Goyal, Iqbal I. Ahmed, James D. Brandt, Michael Banitt, Donald Budenz, Richard Lee, Paul Palmberg, Richard Parrish, Luis Vazquez, Sarah Wellik, Mark Werner, Jeffrey Zink, Anup Khatana, Davinder Grover, Arvind Neelakantan, Joseph Panarelli, Paul Sidoti, James Tsai, Kateki Vinod, John Lind, Steven Shields, Mark Sherwood, Mahmoud Khaimi, Prithvi Sankar, Husam Ansari, Eydie Miller-Ellis, Robert Feldman, Laura Baker, Nicholas Bell, Donna Williams, Bruce Prum, Pradeep Ramulu, Henry Jampel, Luz Londono, Joyce Schiffman, Wei Shi, Yolanda Silva, Elizabeth Vanner, Philip Chen, Dale Heuer, Kuldev Singh, Martha Wright
Journal: Ophthalmology (2022)
Multivariate GWAS of psychiatric disorders and their cardinal symptoms reveal two dimensions of cross-cutting genetic liabilities
Authors: Travis T. Mallard, Richard Karlsson Linnér, Andrew D. Grotzinger, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Jakob Seidlitz, Aysu Okbay, Ronald de Vlaming, S. Fleur W. Meddens, Abraham A. Palmer, Lea K. Davis, Elliot M. Tucker-Drob, Kenneth S. Kendler, Matthew C. Keller, Philipp D. Koellinger, K. Paige Harden
Journal: Cell Genomics (2022)

Understanding which biological pathways are specific versus general across diagnostic categories and levels of symptom severity is critical to improving nosology and treatment of psychopathology. Here, we combine transdiagnostic and dimensional approaches to genetic discovery for the first time, conducting a novel multivariate genome-wide association study of eight psychiatric symptoms and disorders broadly related to mood disturbance and psychosis. We identify two transdiagnostic genetic liabilities that distinguish between common forms of psychopathology versus rarer forms of serious mental illness. Biological annotation revealed divergent genetic architectures that differentially implicated prenatal neurodevelopment and neuronal function and regulation. These findings inform psychiatric nosology and biological models of psychopathology, as they suggest that the severity of mood and psychotic symptoms present in serious mental illness may reflect a difference in kind rather than merely in degree.
Spontaneous NLRP3 inflammasome-driven IL-1-β secretion is induced in severe COVID-19 patients and responds to anakinra treatment
Authors: Arinna Bertoni, Federica Penco, Hilaria Mollica, Paola Bocca, Ignazia Prigione, Anna Corcione, Davide Cangelosi, Francesca Schena, Genny Del Zotto, Adriana Amaro, Noemi Paladino, Emanuele Pontali, Marcello Feasi, Sara Signa, Marta Bustaffa, Roberta Caorsi, Serena Palmeri, Paola Contini, Raffaele De Palma, Ulrich Pfeffer, Paolo Uva, Anna Rubartelli, Marco Gattorno, Stefano Volpi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Inhibition of Mitochondrial Biosynthesis Using a “Right‐Side‐Out” Membrane‐Camouflaged Micelle to Facilitate the Therapeutic Effects of Shikonin on Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Jianqing Peng, Xiaoxia Hu, Shuangqin Fan, Jia Zhou, Shuang Ren, Runbin Sun, Yi Chen, Xiangchun Shen, Yan Chen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Abstract The mitochondria represent a potential target for the treatment of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) and shikonin (SK) has shown remarkable therapeutic effects on TNBC. Herein, it is found that SK possesses potent inhibitory effects on mitochondrial biogenesis via targeting polymerase gamma (POLG). However, its application is restricted by its poor aqueous solubility and stability, and therefore, a biomimetic micelle to aid with tumor lesion accumulation and mitochondria‐targeted delivery of SK is designed. A folic acid (FA) conjugated polyethylene glycol derivative (FA‐PEG‐FA) is inserted onto the external membranes of red blood cells (FP‐RBCm) to prepare a “right‐side‐out” RBCm‐camouflaged cationic micelle (ThTM/SK@FP‐RBCm). Both FP‐RBCm coating and a triphenylphosphine (TPP) moiety on the periphery of micelles contribute to tumor lesion distribution, receptor‐mediated cellular uptake, and electrostatic attraction‐dependent mitochondrial targeting, thereby maximizing inhibitory effects on mitochondrial biosynthesis in TNBC cells. Intravenous administration of ThTM/SK@FP‐RBCm leads to profound inhibition of tumor growth and lung metastasis in a TNBC mouse model with no obvious toxicity. This work highlights the mitochondria‐targeted delivery of SK using a “right‐side‐out” membrane‐camouflaged micelle for the inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis and enhanced therapeutic effects on TNBC.
Confronting the Clinical Implications of Racial and Ethnic Discrepancy in Pulse Oximetry
Authors: Eric Ward, Mitchell H. Katz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
A Randomized Trial of Telephone-Based Smoking Cessation Treatment in the Lung Cancer Screening Setting
Authors: Kathryn L Taylor, Randi M Williams, Tengfei Li, George Luta, Laney Smith, Kimberly M Davis, Cassandra A Stanton, Raymond Niaura, David Abrams, Tania Lobo, Jeanne Mandelblatt, Jinani Jayasekera, Rafael Meza, Jihyoun Jeon, Pianpian Cao, Eric D Anderson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2022)

Abstract Background Lung cancer mortality is reduced via low-dose computed tomography screening and treatment of early-stage disease. Evidence-based smoking cessation treatment in the lung screening setting can further reduce mortality. We report the results of a cessation trial from the National Cancer Institute’s Smoking Cessation at Lung Examination collaboration. Methods Eligible patients (n = 818) aged 50-80 years were randomly assigned (May 2017-January 2021) to the intensive vs minimal arms (8 vs 3 phone sessions plus 8 vs 2 weeks of nicotine patches, respectively). Bio-verified (primary) and self-reported 7-day abstinence rates were assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months post random assignment. Logistic regression analyses evaluated the effects of study arm. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Results Participants reported 48.0 (SD = 17.2) pack-years, and 51.6% were not ready to quit in less than 30 days. Self-reported 3-month quit rates were statistically significantly higher in the intensive vs minimal arm (14.3% vs 7.9%; odds ratio [OR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26 to 3.18). Bio-verified abstinence was lower but with similar relative differences between arms (9.1% vs 3.9%; OR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.44 to 5.08). Compared with the minimal arm, the intensive arm was more effective among those with greater nicotine dependence (OR = 3.47, 95% CI = 1.55 to 7.76), normal screening results (OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.32 to 5.03), high engagement in counseling (OR = 3.03, 95% CI = 1.50 to 6.14), and patch use (OR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.39 to 5.68). Abstinence rates did not differ statistically significantly between arms at 6 months (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.68 to 2.11) or 12 months (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.82 to 2.42). Conclusions Delivering intensive telephone counseling and nicotine replacement with lung screening is an effective strategy to increase short-term smoking cessation. Methods to maintain short-term effects are needed. Even with modest quit rates, integrating cessation treatment into lung screening programs may have a large impact on tobacco-related mortality.
Development of a multiomics model for identification of predictive biomarkers for COVID-19 severity: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Seul Kee Byeon, Anil K Madugundu, Kishore Garapati, Madan Gopal Ramarajan, Mayank Saraswat, Praveen Kumar-M, Travis Hughes, Rameen Shah, Mrinal M Patnaik, Nicholas Chia, Susan Ashrafzadeh-Kian, Joseph D Yao, Bobbi S Pritt, Roberto Cattaneo, Mohamed E Salama, Roman M Zenka, Benjamin R Kipp, Stefan K G Grebe, Ravinder J Singh, Amir A Sadighi Akha, Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich, Surendra Dasari, Janet E Olson, Jesse R Walsh, A J Venkatakrishnan, Garrett Jenkinson, John C O'Horo, Andrew D Badley, Akhilesh Pandey
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2022)

COVID-19 is a multi-system disorder with high variability in clinical outcomes among patients who are admitted to hospital. Although some cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 are believed to be associated with severity, there are no early biomarkers that can reliably predict patients who are more likely to have adverse outcomes. Thus, it is crucial to discover predictive markers of serious complications.
Hepatitis C Virus Treatment Delivered via Telemedicine to Persons With Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Andrew H. Talal, Amreen Dinani, Lawrence S. Brown
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Method to Predict Cerebral Palsy From Spontaneous Movements in Infants at High Risk
Authors: Daniel Groos, Lars Adde, Sindre Aubert, Lynn Boswell, Raye-Ann de Regnier, Toril Fjørtoft, Deborah Gaebler-Spira, Andreas Haukeland, Marianne Loennecken, Michael Msall, Unn Inger Möinichen, Aurelie Pascal, Colleen Peyton, Heri Ramampiaro, Michael D. Schreiber, Inger Elisabeth Silberg, Nils Thomas Songstad, Niranjan Thomas, Christine Van den Broeck, Gunn Kristin Øberg, Espen A.F. Ihlen, Ragnhild Støen
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Early identification of cerebral palsy (CP) is important for early intervention, yet expert-based assessments do not permit widespread use, and conventional machine learning alternatives lack validity.
Therapeutic mechanisms and beneficial effects of non-antidiabetic drugs in chronic liver diseases
Authors: Han Ah Lee, Young Chang, Pil Soo Sung, Eileen L. Yoon, Hye Won Lee, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Young-Sun Lee, Jihyun An, Do Seon Song, Young Youn Cho, Seung Up Kim, Yoon Jun Kim
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2022)

The global burden of chronic liver disease (CLD) is substantial. Due to the limited indication of and accessibility to antiviral therapy in viral hepatitis and lack of effective pharmacological treatment in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the beneficial effects of antidiabetics and non–antidiabetics in clinical practice have been continuously investigated in patients with CLD. In this narrative review, we focused on non-antidiabetic drugs, including ursodeoxycholic acid, silymarin, dimethyl4,4’-dimethoxy-5,6,5’,6’-dimethylenedixoybiphenyl-2,2’-dicarboxylate, L-ornithine L-aspartate, branched chain amino acids, statin, probiotics, vitamin E, and aspirin, and summarized their beneficial effects in CLD. Based on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties, and regulatory functions in glucose or lipid metabolism, several non–antidiabetic drugs have shown beneficial effects in improving liver histology, aminotransferase level, and metabolic parameters and reducing risks of hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality, without significant safety concerns, in patients with CLD. Although the effect as the centerpiece management in patients with CLD is not robust, the use of these non-antidiabetic drugs might be potentially beneficial as an adjuvant or combined treatment strategy.
Tumor cells dictate anti-tumor immune responses by altering pyruvate utilization and succinate signaling in CD8+ T cells
Authors: Ilaria Elia, Jared H Rowe, Sheila Johnson, Shakchhi Joshi, Giulia Notarangelo, Kiran Kurmi, Sarah Weiss, Gordon J Freeman, Arlene H Sharpe, Marcia C Haigis
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2022)
Global Changes in Child and Adolescent Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ross D. Neville, Kimberley D. Lakes, Will G. Hopkins, Giampiero Tarantino, Catherine E. Draper, Rosemary Beck, Sheri Madigan
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Numerous physical distancing measures were implemented to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 virus, which could have negatively affected child and adolescent physical activity levels. <h3>Objectives</h3> To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature that used validated measures to document changes in child and adolescent physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic and to estimate whether changes in physical activity differed between participant-level, contextual, and methodological moderators. <h3>Data Sources</h3> PubMed, PsycInfo, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and MEDLINE were searched (from January 1, 2020, to January 1, 2022). A total of 1085 nonduplicate records were retrieved. <h3>Study Selection</h3> Studies were included if they reported (1) changes in the duration of physical activity at any intensity for children or adolescents (age ≤18 years) comparing before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using validated physical activity measurement tools and were (2) from general population samples, (3) peer-reviewed, and (4) published in English. <h3>Data Extraction and Synthesis</h3> A total of 126 articles underwent full-text review. Data were analyzed using a random-effects meta-analysis, which was conducted in January 2022. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Change in the duration of engagement in physical activity at any intensity comparing before and during COVID-19. <h3>Results</h3> Twenty-two studies including 46 independent samples and 79 effect sizes from 14 216 participants (median age, 10.5 years; range, 3-18 years) were included. The percentage change in the duration of engagement in total daily physical activity from before to during COVID-19 was −20% (90% CI, −34% to −4%). Moderation analyses revealed that changes were larger for higher-intensity activities (−32%; 90% CI, −44% to −16%), corresponding to a 17-minute reduction in children’s daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels. The reduction in physical activity was also larger for samples located at higher latitudes (37%; 90% CI, −1% to 89%) and for studies with a longer duration between physical activity assessments (25%; 90% CI, −0.5% to 58%). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Children and adolescents have experienced measurable reductions in physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings underscore the need to provide bolstered access to support and resources related to physical activity to ensure good health and social functioning among children and adolescents during pandemic recovery efforts.
The Indian Health Service and the Need for Resources to Implement Graduate Medical Education Programs
Authors: Matthew Tobey, Ashley Ott, Mary Owen
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A scoring system for AML patients aged 70 years or older, eligible for intensive chemotherapy: a study based on a large European data set using the DATAML, SAL, and PETHEMA registries
Authors: Emilie Bérard, Christoph Röllig, Sarah Bertoli, Arnaud Pigneux, Suzanne Tavitian, Michael Kramer, Hubert Serve, Martin Bornhäuser, Uwe Platzbecker, Carsten Müller-Tidow, Claudia D. Baldus, David Martínez-Cuadrón, Josefina Serrano, Pilar Martínez-Sánchez, Eduardo Rodríguez Arbolí, Cristina Gil, Juan Bergua, Teresa Bernal, Adolfo de la Fuente Burguera, Eric Delabesse, Audrey Bidet, Pierre-Yves Dumas, Pau Montesinos, Christian Récher
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2022)

In a context of therapeutic revolution in older adults with AML, it is becoming increasingly important to select patients for the various treatment options by taking account of short-term efficacy and toxicity as well as long-term survival. Here, the data from three European registries for 1,199 AML patients aged 70 years or older treated with intensive chemotherapy were used to develop a prognostic scoring system. The median follow-up was 50.8 months. In the training set of 636 patients, age, performance status, secondary AML, leukocytosis, and cytogenetics, as well as NPM1 mutations (without FLT3-ITD), were all significantly associated with overall survival, albeit not to the same degree. These factors were used to develop a score that predicts long-term overall survival. Three risk-groups were identified: a lower, intermediate and higher-risk score with predicted 5-year overall survival (OS) probabilities of ≥12% (n = 283, 51%; median OS = 18 months), 3-12% (n = 226, 41%; median OS = 9 months) and <3% (n = 47, 8%; median OS = 3 months), respectively. This scoring system was also significantly associated with complete remission, early death and relapse-free survival; performed similarly in the external validation cohort (n = 563) and showed a lower false-positive rate than previously published scores. The European Scoring System ≥70, easy for routine calculation, predicts long-term survival in older AML patients considered for intensive chemotherapy.
Metagenomic prediction of antimicrobial resistance in critically ill patients with lower respiratory tract infections
Authors: Paula Hayakawa Serpa, Xianding Deng, Mazin Abdelghany, Emily Crawford, Katherine Malcolm, Saharai Caldera, Monica Fung, Aaron McGeever, Katrina L. Kalantar, Amy Lyden, Rajani Ghale, Thomas Deiss, Norma Neff, Steven A. Miller, Sarah B. Doernberg, Charles Y. Chiu, Joseph L. DeRisi, Carolyn S. Calfee, Charles R. Langelier
Journal: Genome Medicine (2022)

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is rising at an alarming rate and complicating the management of infectious diseases including lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a recently established method for culture-independent LRTI diagnosis, but its utility for predicting AMR has remained unclear. We aimed to assess the performance of mNGS for AMR prediction in bacterial LRTI and demonstrate proof of concept for epidemiological AMR surveillance and rapid AMR gene detection using Cas9 enrichment and nanopore sequencing. Methods We studied 88 patients with acute respiratory failure between 07/2013 and 9/2018, enrolled through a previous observational study of LRTI. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18, need for mechanical ventilation, and respiratory specimen collection within 72 h of intubation. Exclusion criteria were decline of study participation, unclear LRTI status, or no matched RNA and DNA mNGS data from a respiratory specimen. Patients with LRTI were identified by clinical adjudication. mNGS was performed on lower respiratory tract specimens. The primary outcome was mNGS performance for predicting phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility and was assessed in patients with LRTI from culture-confirmed bacterial pathogens with clinical antimicrobial susceptibility testing ( n = 27 patients, n = 32 pathogens). Secondary outcomes included the association between hospital exposure and AMR gene burden in the respiratory microbiome ( n = 88 patients), and AMR gene detection using Cas9 targeted enrichment and nanopore sequencing ( n = 10 patients). Results Compared to clinical antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the performance of respiratory mNGS for predicting AMR varied by pathogen, antimicrobial, and nucleic acid type sequenced. For gram-positive bacteria, a combination of RNA + DNA mNGS achieved a sensitivity of 70% (95% confidence interval (CI) 47–87%) and specificity of 95% (CI 85–99%). For gram-negative bacteria, sensitivity was 100% (CI 87–100%) and specificity 64% (CI 48–78%). Patients with hospital-onset LRTI had a greater AMR gene burden in their respiratory microbiome versus those with community-onset LRTI ( p = 0.00030), or those without LRTI ( p = 0.0024). We found that Cas9 targeted sequencing could enrich for low abundance AMR genes by &gt; 2500-fold and enabled their rapid detection using a nanopore platform. Conclusions mNGS has utility for the detection and surveillance of resistant bacterial LRTI pathogens.