tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Experimental Hypothyroidism on Hearing in Adult Guinea Pigs
Authors: M Stearns, P Goodwin
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1983)

A group of guinea pigs was rendered hypothyroid using propylthiouracil solution in their drinking water. The animals were hypothyroid for at least 120 days. During this time no change was noted in their hearing thresholds for high-frequency clicks. The audiometric evaluation was performed using brainstem evoked response audiometry.
Undesirable Prepubertal Effects of Levodopa
Authors: Jan J. Korten
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Histochemical studies indicate that dopamine is the primary amine in the median eminence. It is located in close contact to the capillaries of the pituitary portal system.<sup>1</sup>The hypothalamus contains high concentrations of norepinephrine. Recent observations on human subjects report that the oral administration of levodopa practically shuts off prolactin secretion<sup>2,3</sup>but raises growth hormone<sup>4</sup>and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in the blood for a period of four to six hours after each dose.<sup>4,5</sup>This probably results from stimulation of the hypothalamus to secrete inhibiting and releasing factors.<sup>6,7</sup> The following observation is probably interesting in two respects—first, because of the clinical effects of prolonged levodopa administration; second, because of the low dose in which orally given levodopa may be active in children. In 1971 a 12-year-old boy weighing 35 kg was observed because of psychomotor epilepsy and behavior disturbances that persisted after suppression
Effect of Host Immunity on the Antigenic Strength of Primary Tumors&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;4&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Sarcomas induced by 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) in subcutaneous tissues of mice showed a decline in maximum antigenic strength with increased latent periodi weakly antigenic tumors were frequent at all latent periods. Growth rate of the primary tumors showed a significant inverse correlation with latent period, but had no correlation with antigenic strength. The distribution of antigenic strengths of tumors induced in aged mice was similar to that for tumors from young mice. Tumors which were induced by MCA in tissues in an environment protected from antitumor immunity (diffusion chambers) did not show a relationship between antigenic strength and latent periodi tumors of both high and low antigenic strength appeared at all latent periods. Connective tissues cultured in diffusion chambers without carcinogen for more than 1 year underwent “spontaneous” transformation with low frequency. The resultant tumors were not detectably antigenic. It is concluded that the inverse relationship between latent period and antigenic strength is not due to host age but to immunoselection during tumor development. Many MCA-induced tumors and all the "spontaneous" tumors tested lacked strong tumor-specific transplantation antigens, even when they had been protected from immunity throughout their development. Such tumors would not be amenable to effective immuno-surveillance.
The Shifting Sands of Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Marvin R. Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Each year the American Medical Association (AMA) surveys all programs in graduate medical education (GME) accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Because of the importance of GME in the national workforce policy debate, this year's survey report has been expanded to provide more detailed GME data. The authors describe the historical basis of the current GME workforce dilemma and the multiple forces that now tend to neutralize efforts to adapt to a changing marketplace. For example, as resident physicians find it increasingly difficult to locate suitable employment, one would expect a reduction in hospital-based programs and in the number of their resident physician appointments. Yet, while US medical graduates (USMGs) did not pursue certain programs in this year's National Resident Matching Program, AMA data show that during the past 2 years the reduced number of residents in hospital-based programs was almost exactly offset by the increased number in new and expanded programs. Also, more USMGs are leaving residency training to enter practice after 3 years of basic training in primary care (internal medicine, pediatrics, and family practice). At the same time, an increasing number of international medical graduates are remaining in subspecialty programs. Other examples are cited to show the ebb and flow of GME activities that behave like "shifting sands."
Diseases of the Heart and Circulation.
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Johns Hopkins Hospital Reports.
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Report of The Executive Vice President
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Skiascopy and its Practical Application to the Study of Refraction.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Health Policy Agenda for the American People
Authors: Joseph F. Boyle
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The threshold of the 1980s is viewed as a turning point with respect to the nation's future health policy. Critical changes are occurring in health care provision, health care financing, health manpower, education, medical science, and research. Unfortunately, the private health care sector's response to these changes has been on a piecemeal basis. Because of lack of time and information, we have been forced to make policy judgments in response to the short-term pressures of the moment. Decision makers need to redirect priorities to develop a long-term consistent approach to the health care issues facing the nation. To accomplish this, the private sector has to work more cooperatively with the public health sector to develop a comprehensive health care policy. Multidimensional problems require the participation and cooperation of many organizations. The American Medical Association has initiated a project that will produce a conceptual and philosophical frame to guide health policy
Interaction of Ascorbic Acid and Warfarin
Authors: George Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the editor.—</h3> In Sigell and Flessa's communication on "Drug Interactions with Anticoagulants" (<b>214</b>: 2035, 1970) they mentioned that ascorbic acid administration shortened the prothrombin time in animals receiving coumarin anticoagulants. I wish to report an example in which this held true in a human. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> This 52-year-old nurse was hospitalized at University Hospital on Oct 1,1970, because of pain in the chest aggravated by breathing. She also had pain in the right calf area which she had "bruised" one week previously. The pain in the chest came on suddenly after a brief exertion and was associated with shortness of breath. Pertinent physical findings were as follows: blood pressure, 145/90 mm Hg; respirations, 24 per minute, pulse rate, 100 beats per minute and regular; temperature, 98.6 F. There were no wheezes or rales in auscultating the chest. The second heart sound was split with pulmonic second sound
The Natural History of Tuberculosis in the Human Body
Authors: J. Arthur Myers
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Unless the natural history of a lifetime disease is known, it is impossible to determine with accuracy the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of any therapeutic or preventive measure. Therefore, in a program designed to eradicate a disease it is essential to know the course it takes among people in the absence of specific treatment. Tuberculosis and syphilis run somewhat parallel courses in that each one begins with primary lesions which usually subside without causing serious illness or much destruction of tissues. Dependable immunity does not develop. In both tuberculosis and syphilis, chronic forms of the disease usually do not appear until years and even decades after the initial infection. When seemingly effective drugs became available for treatment of syphilis, attention was called to the absence of a well-documented study on the natural history of untreated syphilis. Therefore, the immediate and remote prognosis in untreated cases was not known. Thus, there was
MEDICAL SCHOOLS IN THE UNITED STATES.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Poster Session 1: Cholestasis and Autoimmune Liver Disease
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

339Aof proliferation followed by bile duct loss in MDR2 -/-mice beginning at 1 week of age through 36 weeks of age.Similar to BDL-induced liver injury, the miR-125b/HDC/HA/VEGF axis regulates biliary proliferation in this model of PSC.Targeting this axis may be a potential therapeutic avenue for PSC.The MDR2 -/-mouse may be an effective model to study molecular and pathological mechanisms of PSC.
Ten Years of Operative Surgery in the Provinces
Authors: A. Prichard
Journal: BMJ (1860)

Diaphragm.of life.1 Stomachl, small in-Not record-Absent on Probably testine, and right ed.right side.at birth.lobe of liver.3 Stomach, small in-Left lung Fissure be-Died at testine, spleen, and little deve.tween tendi.birth.left lobe of liver.loped.nonis ceDtre and cartilgs.4 Pyloric end of Left lung Not record-5 weeks.stomach, spleen, not inflated.ed. and small intestine.5 Salme as No. 4. Both lungs 2 mths.acted.7 Part of intestine.Normal.An openincg 20 yrs. of 2 inches diameter.8 Part of colon.Well deve-Opening Adloped.not large.vanced age. 10 Stomach, spleen, Normal.Ditto.Mature colon.age. 11Stomachl in right Ditto.24 yrs.thorax. 12Whole small intes-Left lung Small Old age.tine.compressed.opening.13 Nearly whole of Not record-Left half 6 weeks.the viscera.ed.absent.15 Ditto.Entirely 7 years.absent.17 Intestines.Left lung A fissure 7wks.(?) not developin it.ed.18 Small intestines Not record-Left wing Half-an- and spleen.ed.absent.hour.19 Whole intestine.Left lung Aperture 20 hrs.size of wal-in posterior nut; right, part.small and compressed. 20Stomachl, spleen, 11 hr.pancreas.21 Small intestines, Right lung Opening in {-hour.large part of liver.very small.right side.22 Stomach, small in-Not record-Rounded Died at testine, and large ed.opening in birth.part of right lobe of right side.liver.23 Stomach, small in-Developed.Left side Ditto.testine, colon, part absent. of liver, and spleen. 24Cardiac portion of Not noted.Deficient in Puberty.stomach.centre.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Several clinical trials are currently evaluating the efficacy of targeting Ras-dependent signals in patients with KRAS-mutant tumors. Migliardi and colleagues assessed the consequences of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mTOR inhibition in KRAS-mutant metastatic colorectal carcinomas. For this purpose they used a collection of 40 patient-derived xenografts, an experimental setting that best mimics the clinical situation and likely anticipates findings in humans. They found that concomitant blockade of MEK and PI3K/mTOR induces prevalent disease stabilization but does not result in massive tumor shrinkage. Moreover, arrest of tumor growth is short lived. These results raise a caution against the occurrence of overt and durable responses in patients with KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer treated with MEK and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors.Although BRAF inhibitors show exceptional promise in the treatment of melanoma, many mechanisms of acquired and intrinsic drug resistance have been reported. Paraiso and colleagues have demonstrated that all of the signaling proteins implicated in the escape from vemurafenib therapy are clients of HSP90, and that inhibition of HSP90 with a small-molecule inhibitor overcomes both acquired and intrinsic vemurafenib resistance by increasing the expression of BIM (Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death) and downregulating Mcl-1. Together, these studies suggest that the combination of vemurafenib and an HSP90 inhibitor may be a strategy to delay and/or overcome BRAF inhibitor resistance.Toxicity has been a significant barrier to acceptance of intraperitoneal chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. Chambers and colleagues undertook the first front-line trial in stage III optimally debulked ovarian cancer patients in which all drugs in combination (pemetrexed, cisplatin, and paclitaxel) were administered intraperitoneally. Intraperitoneal pemetrexed showed a pharmacokinetic advantage. At doses &lt;1,000 mg/m2 of intraperitoneal pemetrexed, the combination was found to be very well tolerated, with minimal peripheral neuropathy or alopecia. The median progression-free survival of 30.1 months is also encouraging. This novel treatment holds promise as an intraperitoneal regimen with far less toxicity than standard intravenous/intraperitoneal cisplatin or carboplatin/taxane regimens.Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors regulate transcription of a variety of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Banerji and colleagues report the results of a phase I trial of a novel oral class I specific HDAC inhibitor. In addition to toxicity, they have used proof-ofmechanism pharmacodynamic markers quantifying acetylation of histone H3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells to recommend a phase II dose. A patient with pancreatic cancer had a partial response to CHR-3996 for over a year, and the drug is being evaluated in further trials, including a study of multiple myeloma.
PROPERTIES OF SYNOVIAL CELLS IN CULTURE
Authors: Carol A. Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

Derangements of synovial membranes and cartilage occur early in the course of rheumatoid arthritis. These important alterations of the joint tissues are probably the in vivo reflections of complicated inflammatory and immunological events. In our laboratory we have been interested in studying alterations of synovial lining cells in rheumatoid arthritis, most recently by the use of serially propagated cultures of these cells. The cellular traits described in such cultures serve to distinguish these synovial cells from other types of human fibroblasts, and several cellular alterations have been found in cultures derived from membranes of rheumatoid arthritic patients. One important finding is increased resistance of cultured rheumatoid cells to infection with rubella and NDV; this and other cellular changes suggest the possibility of an occult virus infection in the rheumatoid cells. Such viral persistence could be theoretically linked with the immunologic aberrations in rheumatoid arthritis, discussed in this symposium.
Authors' reply
Authors: Y Qiu, P K Jeffery
Journal: Thorax (2007)

Eosinophil cationic protein is not only a distinctive eosinophil proteinWe read with interest the article by Qiu et al (Thorax 2007;62:475-82).In this paper, neutrophils and eosinophils were identified using mouse anti-human neutrophil elastase and anti-eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), both monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).mAbs against ECP have been used to detect total eosinophils, but immunostaining techniques evidenced that the number of ECP + cells was higher than the number of eosinophils. 1 Recent studies show that ECP is not only a distinctive eosinophil protein, but has been found in neutrophils. [1]][3] In this regard, it has been reported that these cells can take up ECP from the bloodstream after phagocytosis and store it, but not synthesize it. 3In agreement with these reports, our recently published results 4 indicate that in resting (unstimulated) neutrophils, no ECP mRNA was detected, and only a small amount of intracellular or released protein was found.However, after cellular stimulation, ECP was synthesised.This was verified by several lines of evidence: (1) after neutrophil stimulation, bands of PCR product corresponding to ECP mRNA were detected; (2) de novo biosynthesis protein was detected by S 35 radiolabelling; (3) an increase in intracellular ECP protein was observed by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and western blotting; and (4) accompanying ECP release was detected by ELISA.Our results are exclusively due to neutrophils and cannot be ascribed to possible contamination by eosinophils for several reasons: (1) both cells types had a different course of ECP release.Eosinophils released ECP after 30 min of cell stimulation; neutrophils only released protein after 3-18 h;(2) PAF failed to induce ECP release by eosinophils whereas it induced ECP release by neutrophils; (3) lipopolysaccharide induced ECP release from eosinophils but not from neutrophils; (4) allergen, anti-IgE, anti-FceRI and anti-galectin-3 dependent ECP production was observed in neutrophils but not in eosinophils; (5) CD66b is a specific marker for neutrophils and we found that these cells (CD66b + ) do in fact highly express ECP; (7) Charcot Leyden Crystal protein is a marker of eosinophils and basophils but not of neutrophils and we did not find its transcript in our neutrophil preparation.Collectively, these results suggest that caution should be exercised in the interpretation of immunohistochemistry when antibodies to ECP are used as specific markers for eosinophils, especially in endobronchial biopsy specimens from patients with severe exacerbation of asthma in which an accumulation of activated cells exist.