tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long‐term risk of venous thromboembolism among patients with gastrointestinal non‐neoplastic and neoplastic diseases: A prospective cohort study of 484 211 individuals
Authors: Shuai Yuan, Yuhao Sun, Jie Chen, Xue Li, Susanna C. Larsson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2023)

Abstract We conducted a prospective cohort study to examine the associations of 21 gastrointestinal diseases with the risk of incident venous thromboembolism (VTE). The study included 485 936 UK Biobank participants free of baseline VTE. The gastrointestinal diseases were defined by the International Classification of Disease (ICD)‐9 and 10 codes with data from the nationwide inpatient data set, the primary care data set, and the cancer registries. Incident VTE cases were defined by ICD‐9 and 10 codes with data from the nationwide inpatient data set. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the associations of baseline gastrointestinal diseases with incident VTE risk. During a median follow‐up of 12.0 years, 13 646 incident VTE cases were diagnosed. Eleven gastrointestinal diseases (nine non‐neoplastic and two neoplastic) were associated with an increased risk of incident VTE after Bonferroni corrections. The risk of VTE was &gt;50% higher among patients with gallbladder and biliary tract cancer (hazard ratio [HR] 3.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 95% CI 1.74–5.70), pancreatic cancer (HR 2.84, 95% CI 1.65–4.91), cirrhosis (HR 2.34, 95% CI 1.96–2.79), Crohn's disease (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.33–1.95), or pancreatitis (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.31–1.88) compared with individuals without each of these diseases. We observed multiplicative interactions of age, sex, and body mass index with some gastrointestinal diseases ( p &lt; .05). A more pronounced, increased risk of VTE was found among younger, female, or obese patients. The study suggests a 50% higher risk of developing VTE among patients with gallbladder and biliary tract cancer, pancreatic cancer, cirrhosis, Crohn's disease, or pancreatitis.
Increasing Prevalence of Artemisinin-Resistant HRP2-Negative Malaria in Eritrea
Authors: Selam Mihreteab, Lucien Platon, Araia Berhane, Barbara H. Stokes, Marian Warsame, Pascal Campagne, Alexis Criscuolo, Laurence Ma, Nathalie Petiot, Cécile Doderer-Lang, Eric Legrand, Kurt E. Ward, Assefash Zehaie Kassahun, Pascal Ringwald, David A. Fidock, Didier Ménard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

Although the clinical efficacy of antimalarial artemisinin-based combination therapies in Africa remains high, the recent emergence of partial resistance to artemisinin in Plasmodium falciparum on the continent is troubling, given the lack of alternative treatments.In this study, we used data from drug-efficacy studies conducted between 2016 and 2019 that evaluated 3-day courses of artemisinin-based combination therapy (artesunate-amodiaquine or artemether-lumefantrine) for uncomplicated malaria in Eritrea to estimate the percentage of patients with day-3 positivity (i.e., persistent P. falciparum parasitemia 3 days after the initiation of therapy). We also assayed parasites for mutations in Pfkelch13 as predictive markers of partial resistance to artemisinin and screened for deletions in hrp2 and hrp3 that result in variable performance of histidine rich protein 2 (HRP2)-based rapid diagnostic tests for malaria.We noted an increase in the percentage of patients with day-3 positivity from 0.4% (1 of 273) in 2016 to 1.9% (4 of 209) in 2017 and 4.2% (15 of 359) in 2019. An increase was also noted in the prevalence of the Pfkelch13 R622I mutation, which was detected in 109 of 818 isolates before treatment, from 8.6% (24 of 278) in 2016 to 21.0% (69 of 329) in 2019. The odds of day-3 positivity increased by a factor of 6.2 (95% confidence interval, 2.5 to 15.5) among the patients with Pfkelch13 622I variant parasites. Partial resistance to artemisinin, as defined by the World Health Organization, was observed in Eritrea. More than 5% of the patients younger than 15 years of age with day-3 positivity also had parasites that carried Pfkelch13 R622I. In vitro, the R622I mutation conferred a low level of resistance to artemisinin when edited into NF54 and Dd2 parasite lines. Deletions in both hrp2 and hrp3 were identified in 16.9% of the parasites that carried the Pfkelch13 R622I mutation, which made them potentially undetectable by HRP2-based rapid diagnostic tests.The emergence and spread of P. falciparum lineages with both Pfkelch13-mediated partial resistance to artemisinin and deletions in hrp2 and hrp3 in Eritrea threaten to compromise regional malaria control and elimination campaigns. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and others; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry numbers, ACTRN12618001223224, ACTRN12618000353291, and ACTRN12619000859189.).
Tranexamic Acid, Mortality, and Intracranial Hemorrhage Type in Moderate or Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: W. Ian McKinley, Susan E. Rowell, Ali Mansour, Lea Hoefer, Ann Polcari, Martin Schreiber, Andrew J. Benjamin
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

This cohort study examines the association of tranexamic acid administration with intracranial hemorrhage type, neurologic outcomes, and mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury.
ADHD Medication Incidents on the Rise Since 2000
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Death after High-Dose rAAV9 Gene Therapy in a Patient with Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Angela Lek, Brenda Wong, Allison Keeler, Meghan Blackwood, Kaiyue Ma, Shushu Huang, Katelyn Sylvia, A. Rita Batista, Rebecca Artinian, Danielle Kokoski, Shestruma Parajuli, Juan Putra, C. Katte Carreon, Hart Lidov, Keryn Woodman, Sander Pajusalu, Janelle M. Spinazzola, Thomas Gallagher, Joan LaRovere, Diane Balderson, Lauren Black, Keith Sutton, Richard Horgan, Monkol Lek, Terence Flotte
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

We treated a 27-year-old patient with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD) with recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) serotype 9 containing d
A Novel High-Content Screening Assay Identified Belinostat as Protective in a FSGS—Like Zebrafish Model
Authors: Maximilian Schindler, Florian Siegerist, Tim Lange, Stefan Simm, Sophia-Marie Bach, Marianne Klawitter, Jochen Gehrig, Sheraz Gul, Nicole Endlich
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2023)

Background FSGS affects the complex three-dimensional morphology of podocytes, resulting in loss of filtration barrier function and the development of sclerotic lesions. Therapies to treat FSGS are limited, and podocyte-specific drugs are unavailable. To address the need for treatments to delay or stop FSGS progression, researchers are exploring the repurposing of drugs that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for other purposes. Methods To identify drugs with potential to treat FSGS, we used a specific zebrafish screening strain to combine a high-content screening (HCS) approach with an in vivo model. This zebrafish screening strain expresses nitroreductase and the red fluorescent protein mCherry exclusively in podocytes (providing an indicator for podocyte depletion), as well as a circulating 78 kDa vitamin D—binding enhanced green fluorescent protein fusion protein (as a readout for proteinuria). To produce FSGS-like lesions in the zebrafish, we added 80 µ M metronidazole into the fish water. We used a specific screening microscope in conjunction with advanced image analysis methods to screen a library of 138 drugs and compounds (including some FDA-approved drugs) for podocyte-protective effects. Promising candidates were validated to be suitable for translational studies. Results After establishing this novel in vivo HCS assay, we identified seven drugs or compounds that were protective in our FSGS-like model. Validation experiments confirmed that the FDA-approved drug belinostat was protective against larval FSGS. Similar pan-histone deacetylase inhibitors also showed potential to reproduce this effect. Conclusions Using an FSGS-like zebrafish model, we developed a novel in vivo HCS assay that identified belinostat and related pan-histone deacetylase inhibitors as potential candidates for treating FSGS.
Economic Evaluation of Angiotensin-Neprilysin Inhibitors Across Ejection Fractions
Authors: Laura P. Cohen, Brandon K. Bellows
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
The number of metastatic lymph nodes is more predictive of prognosis than location-based N stage for nonsmall cell lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Long Xu, Haojie Si, Hang Su, Fang Wang, Junqi Wu, Yunlang She, Xuefei Hu, Dong Xie, Deping Zhao, Qiuyuan Li, Jianbo Guo, Chang Chen
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: The eighth edition of nodal classification is defined only by anatomical location of metastatic lymph nodes and has limited prognostic discrimination power. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance and discriminatory capability of the number of metastatic lymph nodes (nN) in resected non-small cell lung cancer. Materials and Methods: Patients with stage IA to IIIB resected non-small cell lung cancer between January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2013 were analyzed as Chinese cohort. Optimal thresholds for the nN classification were determined by X-tile. The receiver operating characteristic curve, net reclassification improvement and standardized net benefit calculated by decision curve analysis was estimated to quantify the nN classification’s performance in prognostic stratification. External validation in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was performed to test the robustness of nN classification. Results: Both cohorts showed a stepwise prognosis deterioration with increasing nN. One to three, four to six, and more than six were selected as optimal thresholds of nN classification in the Chinese cohort which included 4,432 patients, then validated in the SEER cohort (n=28,022 patients). Multivariate Cox analysis showed the nN classification was an independent predictive factor for overall survival in both cohorts (Chinese cohort and SEER cohort: N 0 vs. N 1-3 , P &lt;0.001; N 0 vs. N 3-6 , P &lt;0.001; N 0 vs. N &gt;6 , P &lt;0.001). And prognostic discriminatory capability was improved in the nN classification compared with location-based N classification [5-year NRI score, 0.106 (95% CI, 0.049-0.132) and 5-year time-independent AUC, 0.593(95% CI, 0.560-0.625) vs. 0.554(95%CI, 0.520-0.588), P &lt;0.001]. Conclusions: The nN classification tended to be a superior prognostic indicator than location-based N classification. The number of metastatic lymph nodes should be considered in the future revision of TNM system.
“Photographic Negative of Pulmonary Edema” in Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia
Authors: Basim Ali, Matthew C Mason
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

A patient presented with a 3-month history of productive cough, dyspnea, and constitutional symptoms. Peripheral eosinophilia was noted, and chest imaging showed upper lobe–predominant, peripheral opacities.
Exercise Programs Might Improve Long COVID
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cannabis Use Frequency and Cannabis-Related Consequences in High-Risk Young Adults Across Cannabis Legalization
Authors: Amanda Doggett, Kyla Belisario, André J. McDonald, Mark A. Ferro, James G. Murphy, James MacKillop
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance A key concern about recreational cannabis legalization is increases in use and adverse consequences, particularly among young adults (aged 18-29 years) who have the highest prevalence of cannabis use, and especially in higher-risk, more vulnerable young adults. However, few longitudinal studies have examined patterns of cannabis consumption in high-risk young adults over the course of legalization. Objective To examine changes in cannabis use frequency and cannabis-related consequences over recreational cannabis legalization in Canada in a longitudinal sample of high-risk young adults. Design, Setting, and Participants Longitudinal observational cohort study following young adults in Ontario, Canada, aged 19.5 to 23.0 years who reported regular heavy episodic drinking (65% past-month cannabis use) at enrollment. Participants were surveyed every 4 months for 3 years between February 2017 and February 2020 (3 prelegalization waves, 4 postlegalization waves). Data were analyzed from March to May 2023. Exposures Recreational cannabis legalization in Canada and 4 potential moderators of change: sex, income, education, and prelegalization cannabis use frequency. Main Outcomes and Measures Cannabis use frequency and cannabis-related adverse consequences. Results In a cohort of 619 high-risk young adults (baseline mean [SD] age, 21.0 [1.2] years; 346 female participants [55.9%]), omnibus model testing revealed significant overall decreases in both cannabis use frequency ( F = 2.27 6, 3000.96 ; P = .03) and cannabis-related consequences ( F = 10.43 6, 3002.21 ; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) over time, but these changes were substantially moderated by prelegalization frequency (frequency: F = 7.52 24, 3021.88 ; P &amp;amp;lt; .001; consequences: F = 7.24 24, 2986.98 ; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Follow-up tests showed individuals who used cannabis more frequently prelegalization significantly decreased their use and cannabis-related consequences postlegalization. In contrast, individuals who did not use cannabis prelegalization exhibited a small magnitude increase in frequency over time but nonsignificant changes in cannabis-related consequences. Sex, income, and education did not moderate changes over time. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of high-risk young adults, individuals using cannabis frequently prelegalization showed significant reductions in use and consequences over time, reflecting an aging out pattern. Small increases in use among participants with no prelegalization use were observed over time, but without parallel changes in cannabis-related consequences. The results did not reveal substantive adverse near-term outcomes across the legalization period, although a within-participants design cannot rule out the possibility of alternative trajectories in the absence of legalization.
Harnessing Outcomes Data—Measure Twice, Cut Once
Authors: Courtney Collins
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Role of Registries in Medicare Coverage of New Alzheimer Disease Drugs
Authors: Ilina C. Odouard, Mariana P. Socal, Gerard F. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (2023)

This Viewpoint discusses how the design of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) registry could impact Medicare’s ability to evaluate whether monoclonal antibodies are reasonable and necessary for patients with Alzheimer disease and help physicians understand when the drug is most beneficial.
Characterizing the Shared Genetic Underpinnings of Schizophrenia and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Authors: Linn Rødevand, Zillur Rahman, Guy F.L. Hindley, Olav B. Smeland, Oleksandr Frei, Tahir Filiz Tekin, Gleda Kutrolli, Shahram Bahrami, Eva Z. Hoseth, Alexey Shadrin, Aihua Lin, Srdjan Djurovic, Anders M. Dale, Nils Eiel Steen, Ole A. Andreassen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2023)

Schizophrenia is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), although there is variation in risk among individuals. There are indications of shared genetic etiology between schizophrenia and CVD, but the nature of the overlap remains unclear. The aim of this study was to fill this gap in knowledge.Overlapping genetic architectures between schizophrenia and CVD risk factors were assessed by analyzing recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) results. The bivariate causal mixture model (MiXeR) was applied to estimate the number of shared variants and the conjunctional false discovery rate (conjFDR) approach was used to pinpoint specific shared loci.Extensive genetic overlap was found between schizophrenia and CVD risk factors, particularly smoking initiation (N=8.6K variants) and body mass index (BMI) (N=8.1K variants). Several specific shared loci were detected between schizophrenia and BMI (N=304), waist-to-hip ratio (N=193), smoking initiation (N=293), systolic (N=294) and diastolic (N=259) blood pressure, type 2 diabetes (N=147), lipids (N=471), and coronary artery disease (N=35). The schizophrenia risk loci shared with smoking initiation had mainly concordant effect directions, and the risk loci shared with BMI had mainly opposite effect directions. The overlapping loci with lipids, blood pressure, waist-to-hip ratio, type 2 diabetes, and coronary artery disease had mixed effect directions. Functional analyses implicated mapped genes that are expressed in brain tissue and immune cells.These findings indicate a genetic propensity to smoking and a reduced genetic risk of obesity among individuals with schizophrenia. The bidirectional effects of the shared loci with the other CVD risk factors may imply differences in genetic liability to CVD across schizophrenia subgroups, possibly underlying the variation in CVD comorbidity.
Importance of Postoperative Follow-Up for Patient Outcome
Authors: Yuman Fong
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal