tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Striosomes and Matrisomes: Scaffolds for Dynamic Coupling of Volition and Action
Authors: Ann M. Graybiel, Ayano Matsushima
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2023)

Striosomes form neurochemically specialized compartments of the striatum embedded in a large matrix made up of modules called matrisomes. Striosome-matrix architecture is multiplexed with the canonical direct-indirect organization of the striatum. Striosomal functions remain to be fully clarified, but key information is emerging. First, striosomes powerfully innervate nigral dopamine-containing neurons and can completely shut down their activity, with a following rebound excitation. Second, striosomes receive limbic and cognition-related corticostriatal afferents and are dynamically modulated in relation to value-based actions. Third, striosomes are spatially interspersed among matrisomes and interneurons and are influenced by local and global neuromodulatory and oscillatory activities. Fourth, striosomes tune engagement and the motivation to perform reinforcement learning, to manifest stereotypical behaviors, and to navigate valence conflicts and valence discriminations. We suggest that, at an algorithmic level, striosomes could serve as distributed scaffolds to provide formats of the striatal computations generated through development and refined through learning. We propose that striosomes affect subjective states. By transforming corticothalamic and other inputs to the functional formats of the striatum, they could implement state transitions in nigro-striato-nigral circuits to affect bodily and cognitive actions according to internal motives whose functions are compromised in neuropsychiatric conditions.
How to optimize the detection of serrated lesions: old tools for a new story?
Authors: Franco Radaelli
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

In the last two decades, we have witnessed impressive and very quick technological advances in colonoscopy imaging aimed at optimizing the detection of neoplastic lesions. All major colonoscope manufacturers have integrated these innovations into the latest generation colonoscopes and currently produce high definition (HD) imaging systems with one or more push-the-button electronic chromoendoscopy technologies that are able to enhance visualization of the mucosal vasculature and/or architecture, so enhancing the contrast between lesions and the surrounding normal mucosa.
Association of Medication Adherence With HbA1c Control Among American Indian Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Using Tribal Health Services
Authors: Lisa Scarton, Tarah Nelson, Yingwei Yao, Ashley DeVaughan-Circles, Anatolia B. Legaspi, William T. Donahoo, Richard Segal, R. Turner Goins, Spero M. Manson, Diana J. Wilkie
Journal: Diabetes Care (2023)

To examine HbA1c levels and adherence to oral glucose-lowering medications and their association with future HbA1c levels among American Indian adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) receiving medications at no cost from a tribal health care system.
The New European Medical Device Regulation: Balancing Innovation and Patient Safety
Authors: Michael Bretthauer, Sara Gerke, Cesare Hassan, Omer F. Ahmad, Yuichi Mori
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

The European Union has introduced stricter provisions for medical devices under the new Medical Device Regulation (MDR). The MDR increases requirements for clinical trial testing for many devices before they can legally be placed on the market and extends requirements for rigorous clinical surveillance of benefits and harms to the entire life cycle of devices. New "expert panels" have been established by the European Commission to advise in the assessment of devices toward certification, and the role of previous "notified bodies" (private companies charged by the Commission with ensuring that manufacturers follow the requirements for device testing) is being expanded. The MDR does not contain a grandfathering clause; thus, all existing medical devices must be recertified under the stricter regulation. The recertification deadline has recently been extended to 2027 or 2028, depending on the device's risk class. Whether most device manufacturers can meet these new requirements is uncertain, and the MDR will likely have important consequences for manufacturers, researchers, clinicians, and patients. Enhanced collaborations between the medical device industry and physician partners will be needed to meet the new requirements in a timely manner to avoid shortages of existing devices and to mitigate barriers to development of new devices.
Performance Measures for Physicians Providing Clinical Care Using Telemedicine: A Position Paper From the American College of Physicians
Authors: Amir Qaseem, Catherine H. MacLean, Samantha Tierney, J. Thomas Cross, Scott T. MacDonald, Caroline L. Goldzweig, Nick Fitterman, Nick Fitterman, J. Thomas Cross, Rebecca Andrews, Rebecca Andrews, Peter Basch, Peter Basch, Caroline L. Goldzweig, Angela C. Johnson, Scott T. MacDonald, Catherine H. MacLean, Suja M. Mathew, Suja M. Mathew, Robert M. McLean, Robert M. McLean, Cristin A. Mount, Cristin A. Mount, Rhea E. Powell, Rhea E. Powell, Sameer D. Saini, Sameer D. Saini, Lavanya Viswanathan, Karen Campos, Amir Qaseem, Samantha Tierney
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

There has been an exponential growth in the use of telemedicine services to provide clinical care, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical care delivered via telemedicine has become a major and accepted method of health care delivery for many patients. There is an urgent need to understand quality of care in the telemedicine environment. This American College of Physicians position paper presents 6 recommendations to ensure the appropriate use of performance measures to evaluate quality of clinical care provided in the telemedicine environment.
Pragmatica-Lung Trial to Mimic “Real-World” Conditions
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2023)

The phase III randomized Pragmatica-Lung trial, comparing therapies for late-stage or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer, has eased eligibility criteria, simplified primary objectives, and limited data gathering requirements. Investigators hope that the design will speed accrual, expand patient eligibility and diversity, and ease administrative burdens.
Long-Term Health Consequences After Ovarian Removal at Benign Hysterectomy
Authors: Mathilde Gottschau, Susanne Rosthøj, Annette Settnes, Gitte Lerche Aalborg, Jakob Hansen Viuff, Christian Munk, Allan Jensen, Susanne K. Kjær, Lene Mellemkjær
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

More evidence is needed to substantiate current recommendations about removing ovaries during hysterectomy for benign conditions.To compare long-term outcomes in women with and without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) during hysterectomy for benign conditions.Emulated target trial using data from a population-based cohort.Women in Denmark aged 20 years or older during 1977 to 2017.142 985 women with hysterectomy for a benign condition, 22 974 with BSO and 120 011 without.Benign hysterectomy with or without BSO.The primary outcomes were overall hospitalization for cardiovascular disease (CVD), overall cancer incidence, and all-cause mortality through December 2018.Compared with women without BSO, women with BSO who were younger than 45 years at surgery had a higher 10-year cumulative risk for hospitalization for CVD (risk difference [RD], 1.19 percentage points [95% CI, 0.09 to 2.43 percentage points]). Women with BSO had a higher 10-year cumulative risk for cancer for ages 45 to 54 years (RD, 0.73 percentage point [CI, 0.05 to 1.38 percentage points]), 55 to 64 years (RD, 1.92 percentage points [CI, 0.69 to 3.25 percentage points]), and 65 years or older (RD, 2.54 percentage points [CI, 0.91 to 4.25 percentage points]). Women with BSO had higher 10-year mortality in all age groups, although the differences were statistically significant only for ages 45 to 54 years (RD, 0.79 percentage point [CI, 0.27 to 1.30 percentage points]). The mortality at 20 years was inconsistent with that at 10 years in women aged 65 years or older.Age was a proxy for menopausal status.The authors find that these results support current recommendations for conserving ovaries in premenopausal women without a high risk for ovarian cancer and suggest a cautious approach in postmenopausal women.The Danish Cancer Society's Scientific Committee and the Mermaid Project.
Resilience After Defeat
Authors: Jonathan Zygowiec
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

On Being a PatientJune 2023Resilience After DefeatJonathan Zygowiec, DO, MPH, MAJonathan Zygowiec, DO, MPH, MAAtrium Health, Charlotte, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M23-0559 Audio Reading - “Resilience After Defeat” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “Resilience After Defeat” by Jonathan Zygowiec, DO, MPH, MA Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail As I stared at the ceiling, the words were sinking in slowly. “Unfortunately, we found cancer outside the liver that was not visible on any of your imaging studies. I’m sorry, but we couldn’t finish the surgery … .” The surgeon’s words were slow, purposeful, and caring as my postanesthesia brain tried to comprehend the gravity of what he was saying.In April of last year, I had gone into my usual shift in the emergency department as the overnight physician and began having severe abdominal pain and nausea followed by vomiting. At a freestanding emergency department, I was the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jonathan Zygowiec, DO, MPH, MAAffiliations: Atrium Health, Charlotte, North CarolinaCorresponding Author: Jonathan Zygowiec, DO, MPH, MA, Atrium Health, 10628 Park Road, Charlotte, NC 28210; e-mail, jonathan.[email protected]com.This article was published at Annals.org on 18 April 2023. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Resilience After Defeat” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “Resilience After Defeat” by Jonathan Zygowiec, DO, MPH, MA Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Current IssueJune 2023Volume 176, Issue 6Page: 874-875 ePublished: 18 April 2023 Issue Published: June 2023 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2023 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Verification of Therapeutic Effect through Accelerator Mass Spectrometry‐Based Single Cell Level Quantification of hESC‐Endothelial Cells Distributed into an Ischemic Model
Authors: Min‐Seok Oh, Seul‐Gi Lee, Gwan‐Ho Lee, C‐Yoon Kim, Jong Han Song, Byung‐Yong Yu, Hyung Min Chung
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

As the potential of pluripotent stem cell-derived differentiated cells has been demonstrated in regenerative medicine, differentiated vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are emerging as a therapeutic agent for the cardiovascular system. To verify the therapeutic efficacy of differentiated ECs in an ischemic model, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are induced as EC lineage and produce high-purity ECs through fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). When hESC-ECs are transplanted into a hindlimb ischemic model, it is confirmed that blood flow and muscle regeneration are further improved by creating new blood vessels together with autologous ECs than the primary cell as cord blood endothelial progenitor cells (CB-EPCs). In addition, previously reported studies show the detection of transplanted cells engrafted in blood vessels through various tracking methods, but fail to provide accurate quantitative values over time. In this study, it is demonstrated that hESC-ECs are engrafted approximately sevenfold more than CB-EPCs by using an accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)-based cell tracking technology that can perform quantification at the single cell level. An accurate quantification index is suggested. It has never been reported in in vivo kinetics of hESC-ECs that can act as therapeutic agents.
Unloading the Left Ventricle in Venoarterial ECMO: In Whom, When, and How?
Authors: Saad M. Ezad, Matthew Ryan, Dirk W. Donker, Federico Pappalardo, Nicholas Barrett, Luigi Camporota, Susanna Price, Navin K. Kapur, Divaka Perera
Journal: Circulation (2023)

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation provides cardiorespiratory support to patients in cardiogenic shock. This comes at the cost of increased left ventricle (LV) afterload that can be partly ascribed to retrograde aortic flow, causing LV distension, and leads to complications including cardiac thrombi, arrhythmias, and pulmonary edema. LV unloading can be achieved by using an additional circulatory support device to mitigate the adverse effects of mechanical overload that may increase the likelihood of myocardial recovery. Observational data suggest that these strategies may improve outcomes, but in whom, when, and how LV unloading should be employed is unclear; all techniques require balancing presumed benefits against known risks of device-related complications. This review summarizes the current evidence related to LV unloading with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Annals On Call - The Environment Is a Health Issue
Authors: Robert M. Centor, Suja Mathew, Emily Senay
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Web ExclusivesApril 2023Annals On Call - The Environment Is a Health IssueFREERobert M. Centor, MD, Suja Mathew, MD, and Emily Senay, MD, MPHRobert M. Centor, MDHuntsville Regional Medical Campus, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama (R.M.C.)Search for more papers by this author, Suja Mathew, MDAtlantic Health System, Morristown, New Jersey (S.M.)Search for more papers by this author, and Emily Senay, MD, MPHDepartment of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (E.S.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/A22-0008 CME/MOC SectionsAboutVisual Abstract ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In this episode of Annals On Call, Dr. Centor discusses the effect of the environment on human health with Drs. Mathew and Senay.Annals articles discussed include...Environmental Health: A Position Paper From the American College of Physicians: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M22-1864About Annals On CallAnnals On Call focuses on a clinically influential article published in Annals of Internal Medicine. Dr. Robert Centor shares his own perspective on the material and interviews topic area experts to discuss, debate, and share diverse insights about patient care and health care delivery.For more information on Annals On Call and for more episodes, visit go.annals.org/OnCall. Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert M. Centor, MD; Suja Mathew, MD; Emily Senay, MD, MPHAffiliations: Huntsville Regional Medical Campus, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama (R.M.C.)Atlantic Health System, Morristown, New Jersey (S.M.)Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (E.S.)Disclosures: All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated. Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=A22-0008.Editors' Disclosures: The editors have no relevant financial relationships to disclose. Individual forms may be viewed at www.annals.org/editorsdisclosures. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEnvironmental Health: A Position Paper From the American College of Physicians Ryan Crowley , Suja Mathew , and David Hilden , for the Health and Public Policy Committee of the American College of Physicians Metrics April 2023Volume 176, Issue 4 ePublished: 18 April 2023 Issue Published: April 2023 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2023 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Cancer driver mutations: predictions and reality
Authors: Daria Ostroverkhova, Teresa M. Przytycka, Anna R. Panchenko
Journal: Trends in Molecular Medicine (2023)

Cancer cells accumulate many genetic alterations throughout their lifetime, but only a few of them drive cancer progression, termed driver mutations. Driver mutations may vary between cancer types and patients, can remain latent for a long time and become drivers at particular cancer stages, or may drive oncogenesis only in conjunction with other mutations. The high mutational, biochemical, and histological tumor heterogeneity makes driver mutation identification very challenging. In this review we summarize recent efforts to identify driver mutations in cancer and annotate their effects. We underline the success of computational methods to predict driver mutations in finding novel cancer biomarkers, including in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). We also report on the boundaries of their applicability in clinical research.
Annals Consult Guys - Central Retinal Artery Thrombus
Authors: Howard H. Weitz, Geno J. Merli, Arnold J. Greenspon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Web ExclusivesApril 2023Annals Consult Guys - Central Retinal Artery ThrombusFREEHoward H. Weitz, MD, Geno J. Merli, MD, and Arnold J. Greenspon, MDHoward H. Weitz, MDThomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (H.H.W., G.J.M.)Search for more papers by this author, Geno J. Merli, MDThomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (H.H.W., G.J.M.)Search for more papers by this author, and Arnold J. Greenspon, MDThomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.J.G.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/W22-0017 CME/MOC SectionsSupplemental MaterialAboutVisual Abstract ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The Annals Consult Guys discuss the diagnosis and management of a patient with central retinal artery thrombus, a medical emergency that has the same urgency as an acute stroke.For more videos from and information on Annals Consult Guys, visit go.annals.org/ConsultGuys. Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Howard H. Weitz, MD; Geno J. Merli, MD; Arnold J. Greenspon, MDAffiliations: Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (H.H.W., G.J.M.)Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.J.G.)Disclosures: Drs. Merli and Weitz report that they have no financial relationships or interests to disclose. Dr. Greenspon notes prior support from Medtronic related to an eye study published in PACE in September 2020. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=W22-0017.Editors' Disclosures: The editors have no relevant financial relationships to disclose. Individual forms may be viewed at www.annals.org/editorsdisclosures. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics April 2023Volume 176, Issue 4 ePublished: 18 April 2023 Issue Published: April 2023 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2023 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Effect of Lifestyle Modification and Green Mediterranean Diet on Proximal Aortic Stiffness
Authors: Gal Tsaban, Aryeh Shalev, Amos Katz, Anat Yaskolka Meir, Ehud Rinott, Hila Zelicha, Alon Kaplan, Arik Wolak, Matthias Bluher, Meir J. Stampfer, Iris Shai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)
Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (RATIONALE-306): a global, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study
Authors: Jianming Xu, Ken Kato, Eric Raymond, Richard A Hubner, Yongqian Shu, Yueyin Pan, Sook Ryun Park, Lu Ping, Yi Jiang, Jingdong Zhang, Xiaohong Wu, Yuanhu Yao, Lin Shen, Takashi Kojima, Evgeny Gotovkin, Ryu Ishihara, Lucjan Wyrwicz, Eric Van Cutsem, Paula Jimenez-Fonseca, Chen-Yuan Lin, Lei Wang, Jingwen Shi, Liyun Li, Harry H Yoon
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2023)
Long-Term Health Care Utilization After Cardiac Surgery in Children Covered Under Medicaid
Authors: Sarah Crook, Kacie Dragan, Joyce L. Woo, Matthew Neidell, Pengfei Jiang, Stephen Cook, Edward L. Hannan, Jane W. Newburger, Marshall L. Jacobs, Emile A. Bacha, Christopher J. Petit, Robert Vincent, Kathleen Walsh-Spoonhower, Ralph Mosca, T. K. Susheel Kumar, Neil Devejian, Steven A. Kamenir, George M. Alfieris, Michael F. Swartz, David Meyer, Erin A. Paul, John Billings, Brett R. Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)
Clinical and Prognostic Relevance of Cardiac Wasting in Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Alessia Lena, Ursula Wilkenshoff, Sara Hadzibegovic, Jan Porthun, Lukas Rösnick, Ann-Kathrin Fröhlich, Tanja Zeller, Mahir Karakas, Ulrich Keller, Johann Ahn, Lars Bullinger, Hanno Riess, Stuart D. Rosen, Alexander R. Lyon, Thomas F. Lüscher, Matthias Totzeck, Tienush Rassaf, Daniel Burkhoff, Mandeep R. Mehra, Jeroen J. Bax, Javed Butler, Frank Edelmann, Wilhelm Haverkamp, Stefan D. Anker, Milton Packer, Andrew J.S. Coats, Stephan von Haehling, Ulf Landmesser, Markus S. Anker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)

Body wasting in patients with cancer can affect the heart. The frequency, extent, and clinical and prognostic importance of cardiac wasting in cancer patients is unknown. This study prospectively enrolled 300 patients with mostly advanced, active cancer but without significant cardiovascular disease or infection. These patients were compared with 60 healthy control subjects and 60 patients with chronic heart failure (ejection fraction <40%) of similar age and sex distribution. Cancer patients presented with lower left ventricular (LV) mass than healthy control subjects or heart failure patients (assessed by transthoracic echocardiography: 177 ± 47 g vs 203 ± 64 g vs 300 ± 71 g, respectively; P < 0.001). LV mass was lowest in cancer patients with cachexia (153 ± 42 g; P < 0.001). Importantly, the presence of low LV mass was independent of previous cardiotoxic anticancer therapy. In 90 cancer patients with a second echocardiogram after 122 ± 71 days, LV mass had declined by 9.3% ± 1.4% (P < 0.001). In cancer patients with cardiac wasting during follow-up, stroke volume decreased (P < 0.001) and resting heart rate increased over time (P = 0.001). During follow-up of on average 16 months, 149 patients died (1-year all-cause mortality 43%; 95% CI: 37%-49%). LV mass and LV mass adjusted for height squared were independent prognostic markers (both P < 0.05). Adjustment of LV mass for body surface area masked the observed survival impact. LV mass below the prognostically relevant cutpoints in cancer was associated with reduced overall functional status and lower physical performance. Low LV mass is associated with poor functional status and increased all-cause mortality in cancer. These findings provide clinical evidence of cardiac wasting–associated cardiomyopathy in cancer.