tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Updated Guidelines for the Use of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Guidelines for the use of nucleic acid amplification (NAA) tests for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) were published in 1996 and updated in 2000. Since then, NAA testing has become a routine procedure in many settings because NAA tests can reliably detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria in specimens 1 or more weeks earlier than culture. Earlier laboratory confirmation of TB can lead to earlier treatment initiation, improved patient outcomes, increased opportunities to interrupt transmission, and more effective public health interventions. Because of the increasing use of NAA tests and the potential impact on patient care and public health, in June 2008, CDC and the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) convened a panel of clinicians, laboratorians, and TB control officials to assess existing guidelines and make recommendations for using NAA tests for laboratory confirmation of TB. On the basis of the panel's report and consultations with the Advisory Council for the Elimination of TB (ACET),* CDC recommends that NAA testing be performed on at least one respiratory specimen from each patient with signs and symptoms of pulmonary TB for whom a diagnosis of TB is being considered but has not yet been established, and for whom the test result would alter case management or TB control activities, such as contact investigations. These guidelines update the previously published guidelines.
A Correction
Authors: A Addison, F Alderson, R Anderson, E Berdoe, Mr Bryce, London Barratt, L Bidwell, Mlr Bush, Mr Blackett, Rotherham Baldwin, B Bramwell, J Batterham, St Leonards, Messrs Burroughs, Lancaster- Barling, Bournemouth Clarke, Mr Cymro, Woodstock Caudwell, F Cresswell, A Coles, Bournemouth Mr, C Clark, Dyce Duckworth, ; Distin, Messrs Dawbarn, ; London, Ashton-Under-Lyne Duncan, A Davies, : London, Aberdeen Duncan, C Dukes, C Douglas, H Dyer, Pen- Zance Evershed, Bolton Flitcroft, W Frew, W Farquharson, E Gwynn, Mr Gabe, Warwick Gardner, F Grant, C Gott, Paris Mr, Weymouth Granger, G Gulland, F Hinds, G Halley, London Haughton, London Hartz- Horne, L Henry, Mr Hunter, J Henry, Kingston-On-Thames-; Hereford, W Hudson, Bournemouth Johns, F Jordan, J Johnston, R Jardine, R Jones, -Woodford Bridge, G Keith, Lonidon Loch, E Leward, J Little, London Lint, ; Leask, W Law, Barmouth Lloyd, Messrs Sons, Mr Macgregor, M Matthews, Miss Mallet, E Moore, A Martin, Mr Madden, R Mccraith, J Pringle, Co Davis, C Porter, ;-Mr Perkins
Journal: BMJ (1898)

quinine with meals, and a tiny dose of potassium iodide and sodium bicarbonate at bedtime, dry cupping in extreme pain in sciatica or lumbago.Of course, care in minor matters is presumed, such as having bedclothes and underwear well aired, that is, dried and warmed.After three or four weeks of hydrotherapeutics, " Member's " instincts will lead him to golf or cycliikg and to a square neal.DDR.B. ADDY (Birkdale) writes: I suffered for years in a similar way.In my opinion the muscles become stiff and painful from their quiescent state during the night.For medicinal treatment I found potassium iodide witlh ammoniated tincture of guaiacum 3ss taken regularly most efficacious.I order guaiacum very freely, and rarely find it fail to give relief in rheumatic and gouty affections.My sciatica was benefited by the hot douches at Bath whilst immersed in the bath applied for 15 minutes along the sciatic nerve.As to diet, avoid animal food as much as possible; in fact.Dr. Haig's views on diet meet with my strongest personal approval, anld I have largely followed them.CIVIL Oil MILITARY?NAVY.-In answer to our corresponident, who wants advice as to whether! he should eniter one of the public services-for a limited time before beginning private practice, we reply: He is not too old at 24 to enter, although he would lhave had a better start at 22, if making it a life career; but we have grave doubts if, as he proposes, twelve years' ser- vice in the navy or army, and retirement by gratuity, is likely to prove *;a good introduction to private practice.He would be close on 4o before he could begin, and at that a-e a practitioner who begins early has -either made or marred his civit career.VWe would rather advise him to choose quickly and defilnitively, as a life career.either one of the public services or civil practice.The system which he proposes was tried in the army about twenty years ago, amonlg the so-called "thousand pounders," and did not prove a success.
Medical News
Journal: JAMA (1924)

(Physicians will confer a favor by sending for this department items of news of more or less general interest: such as relate to society activities, new hospitals, education, public health, etc.) <h3>ALABAMA</h3><h3>Another Kind of Quack.</h3> —W. B. Mason, Anniston, a negro, was arrested, August 9, for practicing medicine without a license, it is reported. Mason admitted that he had performed "many medicinal deeds," when his instruments were presented in court, but claimed he had neither received nor asked any fees. His greatest trouble in life, he said, is generosity, but when asked to cite a specific case his memory failed. <h3>CALIFORNIA</h3><h3>Chiropractor Treats Smallpox.</h3> —E. W. Davidson, Wilmar, a chiropractor, was recently fined $100 for failing to report contagious disease, it is reported. It was brought out at the trial that Davidson treated two cases of smallpox. <h3>Osteopathic License Revoked.</h3> —The osteopathic license issued to Arthur E. Pike, Long
Strategies to Control Tobacco Use in the United States: A Blueprint for Public Health Action in the 1990's
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Strategies to Control Tobacco Use in the United States: A Blueprint for Public Health Action in the 1990's Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 21, 3 November 1993, Page 1770, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.21.1770 Published: 03 November 1993
Informed consent.
Authors: P Barlow
Journal: BMJ (1993)

EDITOR,-D D Kerrigan and colleagues report that giving patients detailed information before hernia repair did not significantly increase their anxiety but say that it would help in subsequent litigation.'Although I accept the philosophy behind their conclusion, elective hernia repair is unlikely to give rise to many cases of litigation.Anxiety may be associated with practically every operation.It is doctors' utmost duty to warn of the most serious and most common complications: the Sidaway case in the English courts is a precedent.2Lord Bridge stated that if a complication occurs in more than 10% of cases the patient must be told.In the case of specific risks, such as death, paralysis, and blindness, the patient must also be told even if the risk is less than 1%.This common law, also quoted by the NHS Management Executive's Guide to Consent for Examination or Treatment,3 is not applicable in Kerrigan and colleagues' study: complications do not occur in more than 10% of patients after elective hernia repair, nor are there specific risks of death, paralysis, or blindness.Thus the choice of this procedure for examining consent is not appropriate.The information sheets given to both groups in the study were inadequate and did not satisfy the Department of Health's guidelines3 as they did not mention possible alternatives to elective hernia repair.Doctors should make their own judgment as to how much information each patient needs.There is no point in loading patients with all possible information available.
STREPTOMYCIN
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Levels of Lead and Other Metals in Human Blood: Suggestive Relationships, Determining Factors
Authors: R. L. Zielhuis, P. del Castilho, R. F. M. Herber, A. A. E. Wibowo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Epidemiological studies on metal levels in blood were carried out. Evidence suggested the existence of a different trend in serum-iron levels in relation to blood lead levels in nonoccupationally exposed males (negative trend) and females (positive trend). There was a positive relation between blood lead levels and blood manganese levels in children and occupationally exposed male workers. Blood metal levels increased with age in young children. There was evidence for an influence of socioeconomic class on blood lead levels in children. A direct and an indirect effect of smoking was found on blood lead levels and on the activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in erythrocytes in adult nonoccupationally exposed females.
Book Review
Authors: Eric J. Seifter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Book Review Get access The Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas . Ian T. Magrath , ed. Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins , 1990 , 430 pp. $72.50. Eric J. Seifter Eric J. Seifter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 22, 21 November 1990, Page 1781, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.22.1781 Published: 21 November 1990 Article history Received: 01 March 1990 Revision received: 28 August 1990 Accepted: 06 September 1990 Published: 21 November 1990
Hypercalcemic Crisis
Authors: REINHARD ZIEGLER
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Abstract. Hypercalcemia may decompensate from a more or less chronic status into a critical and life-threatening condition, hypercalcemic crisis. In the majority of cases, primary hyperparathyroidism is the cause; humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy or rarer conditions of hypercalcemia will decompensate less often. The leading symptoms that characterize the crisis are oliguria and anuria as well as somnolence and coma. After a hypercalcemic crisis is recognized, an emergency diagnostic program has to be followed either to prove or to exclude primary hyperparathyroidism. In the first case, surgical neck exploration is the only way to avoid fatal outcome. The diagnostic program should be performed within hours; during this time, serum calcium should be lowered. Treatment of choice is hemodialysis against a calcium-free dialysate. Bisphosphonates could be useful as adjuvant drugs.
Tests in the Diagnosis of Cancer
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clues and Cure Sought for HCV in Hispanics
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1991)

HISPANICS have a four times higher incidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis than whites or blacks in the United States (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:2231-2235). There are no clues as to why, says Miriam Alter, PhD, chief of hepatitis epidemiology at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, Ga, and first author of the study. In fact, since the start this past year of blood bank screening for the hepatitis C virus (HCV), the cause of most non-A, non-B hepatitis, the transmission route of 40% of infections cannot be deduced. More pressing is the question of who should be treated, since a Food and Drug Administration advisory panel has recommended approval for interferon alfa therapy. With a 6-month course of 3 million units of interferon alfa three times a week, 38% to 50% of patients respond with normalized transaminase levels and histologic improvement within 12 weeks vs 3% to 5% improvement for untreated controls.
In Reply
Authors: Anna D. Wagner, Wolfgang E. Fleig, Johannes Haerting
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

anthracyclines.It is disappointing that the authors failed to suggest a trial of epirubicin ϩ CF (this is just one example of a relevant combination) versus CF, but I am not surprised.What about developing one global standard for advanced gastric cancer?It would be naı ¨ve to assume that this is truly possible.Even for common malignancies such as breast, lung and colon cancers, such globally accepted standards are not in place.The reasons for these are beyond the data emerging from properly conducted trials and span from availability of agents, cultural differences in approach to patients, physician/patient habits/expectations, and reimbursement issues.In the future oncology worlds of individualization of therapy, the "standards" will disappear anyway.The authors have successfully taken us back to the darker ages by using the meta-analysis as a tool to suggest a standard of care.A perfect meta-analysis would utilize individual patient data from large wellconceived and well-conducted trials that are identified prospectively.Any shortcomings to that approach (as evident in this article) results in uninterpretable conclusions.It is also subject to substantial publication bias.Wagner et al 1 managed to collect a handful of studies conducted over a span of 25 years using substantially heterogeneous (and often suboptimal) clinical methodologies in design and conduct.They have included randomized studies of even less than 50 patients (for example, their reference 25 that substantially skews the results in their Fig 3) 2 and developed an untenable message.May I remind them that individual trials with more than 1,000 patients have been completed or are being completed? 3e should focus our energies on exploiting the emerging frontier of biochemotherapy, molecular biology, and patient genetics to develop efficacious therapy for our patients and forget about spending our efforts on ill-conceived retrospective analyses that are nothing but depressing, inaccurate, present a view that is disappointing, and weaken our rigor for conducting good prospective clinical research.
Transmigration of Ingested Asbestos
Authors: M. E. Meek
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

There has been speculation that the ingestion of asbestos in food and drinking water may play some role in the etiology of cancer of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. An important question in the evaluation of the possible human cancer risk associated with asbestos ingestion is whether fibers can penetrate into and through the GI tract in sufficient numbers to cause adverse systemic or local effects. Factors that complicate interpretation of the available data on the transmigration of ingested asbestos are discussed, and the preliminary results of our ongoing investigation of the penetration of amosite fibers into the normal and abnormal intestinal mucosa of the Wistar rat are reported.
THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PROFESSION.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abortion
Authors: S. A. Nigro
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The authors have failed to note the most obvious reason for the differences which appeared. This is the fact that the women interviewed and tested prior to abortion were all desirous of obtaining an abortion by reason of their mental health, and in the follow-up evaluation this motivation was no longer present. Evidence for this is seen in the average Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) scores which are shown in graphic form in the article. Comment was made on the significant reduction in six of the clinical scales, but there was no mention of the significant reduction which appeared in the F scale. This scale is generally considered to be an indication of the number of false statements made on the test. It is also certainly inconsistent to state that improvement in the MMPI scores of 19 women "confirmed the clinical impression that... the abortion had been
Table of Contents
Authors: Joo-Pin Foo, Ole-Petter Hamnvik, Christos Mantzoros, Anastazia Kei, Theodosios Filippatos, Vasilios Tsimihodimos, Moses Elisaf, Vassos Neocleous, Nicos Skordis, Christos Shammas, Elisavet Efstathiou, Nikolaos Mastroyiannopoulos, Leonidas Phylactou, Nicholas Burd, Bart Groen, Milou Beelen, Joan Senden, Annemie Gijsen, Luc Van Loon, Steven Heymsfield, Diana Thomas, Corby Martin, Leanne Redman, Boyd Strauss, Anja Bosy-Westphal, Manfred Müller, Wei Shen, Allison Nguyen, Takuma Tsuchida, Muneshige Shiraishi, Tetsuya Ohta, Kaoru Sakai, Shinichi Ishii, Juan Zheng, Lu-Lu Chen, Hao-Hao Zhang, Xiang Hu, Wen Kong, Di Hu, Maarten Soeters, Mireille Serlie, Hans Sauerwein, Marinus Duran, Jos Ruiter, Willem Kulik, Mariëtte Ackermans, Paul Minkler, Charles Hoppel, Ronald Wanders, Sander Houten, Michishige Terasaki, Masaharu Nagashima, Takuya Watanabe, Kyoko Nohtomi, Yusaku Mori, Akira Miyazaki, Tsutomu Hirano, Jelena Stamenkovic, Anders Olsson, Cecilia Nagorny, Siri Malmgren, Marloes Dekker-Nitert, Charlotte Ling, Hindrik Mulder
Journal: Metabolism (2012)
Systemic abnormalities and the intracellular site of infections of the stratum corneum
Authors: L. F. Montes
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In superficial infections, microbiologic studies have helped to more clearly define some of the causative agents and clinical investigations have demonstrated the association of systemic abnormalities. Ultrastructural studies of the host-parasite relationship have revealed the intracellular nature of the disease process. The presence of microorganisms within host cells suggests (1) epithelial tissues may lack an adequate immunologic mechanism to account for their inability to combat the invasion; and (2) no systemic antimicrobial treatment would be completely successful unless the organisms are effectively attacked at the intracellular level.
Follow-up of Children Overexposed to Lead
Authors: R. E. Albert, R. E. Shore, A. J. Sayers, C. Strehlow, T. J. Kneip, B. S. Pasternack, A. J. Friedhoff, F. Covan, J. A. Cimino
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

The purpose of this study is to assess the nature and magnitude of the deleterious health effects of subclinical over-exposure to lead in children. The study stems from concerns about the impact on the health of children in city slums who ingest leaded paint without overt evidence of poisoning and the health implication of rising levels of lead in the environment from automotive emissions. The study sample was derived mainly from a registry of children on whom blood lead determinations had been made by the New York City Department of Health and was supplemented by siblings of the registry cases and children from a lead belt area who had extractions of deciduous teeth in dental clinics. Information was obtained through parental interview, medical records, and psychometric evaluation. The data show that deleterious health effects occur in children who were treated for severe lead poisoning and in children without diagnosed lead poisoning who had elevated blood leads (≥0.06 mg-%). In the absence of diagnosed lead poisoning or elevated blood leads, excess lead exposure, measured in terms of high levels of lead in teeth, was not associated with deleterious health effects.
Laryngeal chondrosarcoma after thyroid irradiation
Authors: S. H. Ghalib
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the report entitled "Failure of Renal Transplantation in Primary Oxalosis," (<b>209</b>: 551, 1969), I overlooked that there is a statement which says, "We believe that transplants should not be performed in primary oxalosis." I do not think that this particular case proves this point. At autopsy, there was listed moderate stenosis of the right renal vein at the site of the anastomosis. I do not believe that we can conclude that the loss of the kidney was solely due to the deposit of oxalate crystals within the substance of the kidney alone. It is certainly possible that Dr. Solomons' work on calcium carbimide might save transplants in this condition.
Notes and news
Authors: Hiroshi Nakajima
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

has chosen the theme 'Environment and health' for World Health Day, which is on the 7 April 1990.The World Health Organisation intends to spotlight the measures that individuals, communities, and nations may take to halt further deterioration to the health of our planet because as he points out not only our own health but that of future generations depends on it.Among other things, he mentions the problems arising from pollution from cars and chemicals and the need to increase the number of trees planted.The safety of dumping sites requires particular attention, and he makes a plea for clearing up rubbish in everybody's area because this may harbour pests and diseases.Another point that he makes is the importance of educating children in the future, the proper storage of chemicals, and the importance of organising discussion on environmental priorities.