tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mobility and Localization of Proteins in Excitable Membranes
Authors: M-m Poo
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1985)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Epilepsy Handbook
Authors: Frederick E. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Two professors of neurology for the University of Illinois, Drs. Boshes and Gibbs, have written a second edition to Dr. Stamp's original<i>Epilepsy Handbook</i>. It is small and concise with 33 short chapters covering the various types of epilepsy. This includes a chapter on mental retardation in epilepsy and chapters on the medical and surgical management of epilepsy, including the treatment of status epilepticus. The 17 figures are graphs. I found this book to be an extremely interesting and up-to-date (1972) review of what is practical and significant in the management of patients with epilepsy. The mental retardation often associated with hypsarrhythmia is well described as is the ominous prognosis in untreated infantile hypsarrhythmia patients who do not receive ACTH (11% of these die before the third year of life and 80% of those who live are severely mentally retarded). The chapter on the medical treatment of epilepsy is concise.
Public Health Service Report on Fluoride Benefits and Risks
Journal: JAMA (1991)

This report, "Public Health Service Report on Fluoride Benefits and Risks" is a summary of the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of Review of Fluoride Benefits and Risks: Report of the Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Fluoride of the Committee to Coordinate Environmental Health and Related Programs, published in February 1991. The full report was prepared by an ad hoc subcommittee of the United States Public Health Service's Committee to Coordinate Environmental Health and Related Programs (CCEHRP) at the request of the Assistant Secretary for Health. The full report can be obtained from the Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services.
VASCULAR REACTIONS IN URTICARIA
Authors: LENNART JUHLIN, G.E.R.D. MICHAELEON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

THE tirticarial weal is the result of a local leakage of plasma from the minute vessels into the connective tissue of the dermjs. These events were carefully studied in factitious urticaria by Sir Thomas Lewis in the 1920s. He developed the Unitarian theory that the last link iti the chain of events which leads to weal formation is the liberation of histamine (the H-substance). Today we know that his contention probably is correct for the acute and factitial types of urticaria. In chronic and eliolinergic urticaria other mediators seem to dominate although even here histamine is probably involved in some of the stages. Excellent reviews of urtiearial reactions have been published by Beall (1964) and Oalnan (1964). In the following, mediators of urticarial reactions and changes in microeirculation will be considered.
Major Outcomes in High-Risk Hypertensive Patients Randomized to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Calcium Channel Blocker vs Diuretic: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)—Correction
Authors: Jonelle Wright, Donald Reynolds, Garth Willis, Marilyn Edwards, Donald Parker, Christie Burgin
Journal: JAMA (2004)

absorption, and metabolism further increase demand and decrease utilization of critical nutrients.When restricted diets are necessary, alternative methods of delivering essential nutrients should be considered.
Abstract 733: Characterizing the genetic profile of endometrioid ovarian carcinoma using exome sequencing
Authors: William E. Pierson, Pamela Peters, David A. Quigley, Lee-may Chen, Jocelyn S. Chapman
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Objective: Endometrioid ovarian carcinoma is poorly understood at the genomic level. Prior sequencing investigations have been limited to small gene panels. In order to characterize the etiology of this disease and identify potential therapeutic targets, we sought to build an unbiased genetic profile of coding gene alterations in endometriod ovarian tumors. Methods: We sequenced the exomes of primary endometrioid ovarian tumors obtained from our institutional gynecologic oncology tissue bank from 1996 - 2011. We analyzed somatic point mutations, copy number alterations, structural variations and mutational signatures and integrated these data to determine genetic drivers. Demographic and clinical data were collected by retrospective chart review. Results: Seventeen primary endometrioid ovarian tumors were sequenced. Median age at surgical resection was 51 years (range 33-77 years). The majority of patients presented with early stage disease (71%), many had a history of endometriosis (47%) and 19% had a synchronous primary uterine carcinoma. Microsatellite instability (MSI) was present in 18% (3/17) tumors. All three of these tumors with MSI exhibited a high tumor mutational burden with an average of 174 mutations per megabase of DNA, and two of them had confirmed loss or inactivation of mismatch repair proteins. Approximately half of all cases (47%) had inactivation or truncating mutations in PTEN. 59% of cases (10/17) had alterations in WNT pathway genes, including 6/17 (35%) with missense mutations in the regulatory domain of beta catenin (CTNNB1). 2/17 (12%) had TP53 mutations. We identified one case with a mutation in the exonuclease domain of POLE (P286R), which also exhibited a characteristic POLE-mutant mutation signature. Conclusion: Using whole exome sequencing, we identified that endometrioid ovarian carcinomas are commonly hypermutated and often harbor microsatellite instability. These findings highlight the importance of genetic sequencing to determine which patients may benefit from targeted immunotherapies. Citation Format: William E. Pierson, Pamela Peters, David A. Quigley, Lee-may Chen, Jocelyn S. Chapman. Characterizing the genetic profile of endometrioid ovarian carcinoma using exome sequencing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 733.
Oral Succimer Decreases the Gastrointestinal Absorption of Lead in Juvenile Monkeys
Authors: John D. Cremin, Melissa L. Luck, Nellie K. Laughlin, Donald R. Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Although succimer (Chemet, meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, DMSA) is considered to be a safe and effective chelating agent for the treatment of lead poisoning in humans, there is concern that it may increase the gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and retention of Pb from exposures suffered concurrent with treatment. This concern is justified because the availability of Pb-safe housing during outpatient treatment with oral succimer is limited. We used a juvenile nonhuman primate model of moderate childhood Pb intoxication and a sensitive double stable Pb isotope tracer methodology to determine whether oral succimer chelation affects the GI absorption and whole-body retention of Pb. Infant rhesus monkeys (n = 17) were exposed to Pb daily for 1 year postpartum to reach and maintain a target blood lead (BPb) level of 35-40 microg/dL. Animals were administered succimer (n = 9) or vehicle (n = 8) over two successive 19 day succimer treatment regimens beginning at 53 and 65 weeks of age. The present study was conducted over the second chelation regimen only. Animals received a single intravenous (iv) dose of stable (204)Pb tracer (5 microg, 24.5 nmol) followed by a single oral dose of stable (206)Pb tracer (72.6 microg, 352 nmol) immediately before chelation, in order to specifically evaluate GI Pb absorption and whole-body Pb retention with treatment. We collected complete urine and fecal samples over the first 5 days and whole blood over the first 8 days of treatment for analyses of stable Pb isotopes using magnetic sector inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results indicate that succimer significantly reduced the GI absorption of Pb (vehicle, 64.9% +/- 5.5; succimer, 37.0% +/- 5.8; mean +/- SEM). Succimer also significantly increased the urinary excretion of endogenous Pb by approximately 4-fold over the vehicle treatment, while endogenous fecal Pb excretion was decreased by approximately 33%. Finally, although succimer reduced the whole-body retention of endogenous Pb by approximately 10% compared to vehicle, the majority (77%) of the administered internal dose of Pb tracer was retained in the body when assessed after 5 days of treatment. These data do not support the concern that succimer treatment increases GI Pb absorption.
Abstract 2567: TRACERx: Intra-tumor subclonal driver mutation results in defective DNA damage response (DDR) and genome instability
Authors: Wei-ting Lu, Lykourgos-Panagiotis Zalmas, Thomas Webber, Nnennaya Kanu, Charles Swanton
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract TRACERx is a longitudinal clinical study, which explores the evolutionary trajectories of NSCLC by temporally dissecting genomic aberrations through multi-region sequencing. Analysis of the first 100 patients revealed extensive intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) and chromosomal instability (CIN), manifesting as subclonal somatic mutations and copy number aberrations. Although mutations in “trunk” clonal drivers such as Ras, C-Myc, p53 or MAPK pathway have been thoroughly characterized after the herculean efforts of TCGA consortium, the roles of sub-clonal drivers remain largely obscure as their identification is only made possible by multi-region sequencing. Harnessing the power of the TracerX consortium, we investigate the molecular mechanisms that underpins the role of sub-clonal drivers in ITH. By means of high content imaging of DNA damage markers and tracking human artificial chromosome loss, we aim to elucidate the link between subclonal drivers and CIN events (Zalmas et al, in press). Importantly, we found the ablation of a large proportion of subclonal drivers result in genomic instability. This suggests that genome instability is not merely a standalone hallmarks of cancer, but also a major step that drivers sub-clonal expansion and functionally connect genome instability to tumor evolution. However, the molecular pathways directly linking genome maintenance, chromosomal instability events and cancer evolution is unclear. More intriguingly, only a fraction of these subclonal drivers has been previously reported to be involved in canonical DNA damage response (DDR). This suggests the error-prone DNA repair is favored during tumor clonal evolution. Here, we present previously uncharacterized subclonal driver that are important for error-free DNA repair pathway. The ablation of these genes causes mis-localization of key homologous repair (HR) proteins, such as BRCA1 and Rad51, to DNA damage sites after IR irradiation. Strikingly, early signaling events such as ATM phosphorylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitylation of histone H2A.X, and 53BP1 localization remain unaffected. The exact molecular mechanism the leads to DNA repair pathway selection will be discussed. Citation Format: Wei-ting Lu, Lykourgos-Panagiotis Zalmas, Thomas Webber, Nnennaya Kanu, Charles Swanton. TRACERx: Intra-tumor subclonal driver mutation results in defective DNA damage response (DDR) and genome instability [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2567.
Biomonitoring Brevetoxin Exposure in Mammals Using Blood Collection Cards
Authors: Elizabeth R. Fairey, Noah G. Shuart, Mark Busman, Peter D. R. Moeller, John S. Ramsdell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

A method has been tested in laboratory mice to monitor for the presence of brevetoxins in blood after exposure. The use of blood collection cards is an adaptation of a method employed for routine diagnostic and genetic testing of newborns. Blood is collected and applied to a 0.5-inch diameter circle on a specially prepared blood collection card and allowed to dry. The blood spots are then extracted and the presence of toxin activity is first screened using a high throughput receptor binding assay. Positive samples are then examined for specific brevetoxin congeners by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Preliminary experiments tested the efficiency and linearity of toxin extraction from blood spiked with brevetoxin-3 (PbTx-3). Blood from treated mice was tested for the presence of brevetoxin at different times following exposure to a sublethal dose (180 microg/kg PbTx-3). Brevetoxin activity determined by receptor assay increased to 25 +/- 7.4 nM PbTx-3 equivalents within 4 hr after exposure and was still detectable in three of four animals 24 hr after exposure. Tandem mass spectrometry provided confirmation of PbTx-3, which also increased for the time points between 0.5 and 4.0 hr exposure. However, PbTx-3 was not detected at 24 hr, which suggested the formation of a biologically active metabolite. We anticipate that this approach will provide a method to biomonitor brevetoxins in living marine resources (e.g., finfish), protected species, and humans.
The impact of universal access to DAA and real-world treatment outcome amongst genotype 3 hepatitis C virus-infected prisoners
Authors: Yu Jun Wong, Fria May Gloriba Manejero, Kim Wei Lim, Sin Yoong Chong, Linn War Mai, Rahul Kumar, Eng Kiong Teo, Jessica Tan, John Chen Hsiang, Prem Harichander Thurairajah
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Biotechnology and the American agricultural industry. Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To meet the needs of a rapidly growing population and minimize the toxic influences of traditional farming practices on the environment, the American agricultural industry has applied molecular technology to the development of food crops and livestock. By placing genes specific for highly desirable phenotypes into the DNA of plants, animals, and bacteria, farmers have increased crop and livestock survival, enhanced the nutritional quality of foods, increased industry productivity, and reduced the need for toxic pesticides and herbicides. However, introduction of genetically modified foods into the marketplace has raised a spectrum of public health issues. Physicians, as the most proximal scientific resource for most individuals, are uniquely positioned to address patient concerns regarding the safety of genetically altered foods. This report provides an overview of the inherent risks and benefits of "agrogenetics" and offers a series of recommendations designed to promote the education of the medical community and dispel public misconception regarding genetic manipulation.The application of molecular technology to agriculture and animal husbandry and the introduction of genetically modified foods into the marketplace have raised questions in the minds of regulators and consumers. Physicians, as the scientifically-trained individuals most accessible to the general public, are in a position to influence the acceptance of genetically altered foods. This report summarizes the risks and benefits of agricultural genetics and offers five recommendations concerning American Medical Association activities that will enable physicians to educate the public and government officials about the benefits of agricultural biotechnology. A glossary of terms concludes the report.
1351 CONTRIBUTION OF VISCERAL FAT AND HEPATIC FAT TO METABOLIC DERANGEMENTS AND LIVER DAMAGE IN NAFLD PATIENTS
Authors: L. Mezzabotta, E. Vanni, C. Rosso, S. Carenzi, R. Gambino, M. Gaggini, D. Lucarelli, R. Faletti, M. Cassader, A. Smedile, M. Rizzetto, A. Gastaldelli, E. Bugianesi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Hypouricaemia and Proximal Renal Tubular Dysfunction in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: D Carleton Gajdusek, Mr Patel, -Elizabeth Clements, M Rimmer, H Bradfield, B Logan, M Fryer, C Church, Suzanne Powrie, A Walker
Journal: BMJ (1974)

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Dentine Lead Levels in Asymptomatic Philadelphia School Children: Subclinical Exposure in High and Low Risk Groups
Authors: Herbert L. Needleman, Irving M. Shapiro
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Dentine lead levels were measured in 760 asymptomatic school children from two school districts, one considered high risk for lead exposure, one considered low risk.Elevated levels were found in black children living in deteriorated housing and in those white children from housing in good repair who lived and attended school in proximity to major manufacturer of paint and lead products.
Fixed vs Variable Costs of Hospital Care
Authors: Alan H. Rosenstein
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in Japan
Authors: H. Ueshima
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The population of Japan has a lower mortality rate due to coronary heart disease than does the population of other industrialized countries. We surveyed high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels of six Japanese population-groups with different life-styles (1,804 men and 1,561 women). We found that the HDL-cholesterol levels of Japanese men aged 40 to 69 years were approximately 55 mg/dL, or about 10 mg/dL higher than those of American men. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1985-1987)
Notes on New Names
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Modifications in prostate cancer operation preserve potency
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A new technique for performing radical prostatectomy, a cancer treatment that long has been considered almost worse than the disease because of its effect on sexual potency, has been developed by Patrick C. Walsh, MD, chair of the Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and director of its James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute. Since April 1982, Walsh has performed modified radical retropubic prostatectomies on 50 men between the ages of 44 and 68 years with stage B adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland. Half underwent surgery less than three months ago and, because the time to return of potency varies with the patient's prior condition and the degree of neural trauma, results for these patients are not yet available. For the other 25 men—whom Walsh has followed for three to 12 months, who were potent preoperatively, and who have sexual partners—results are promising. At three months and
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin levels in adipose tissue of exposed and control persons in Missouri. An interim report
Authors: D. G. Patterson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The compound 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, commonly known as dioxin, was measured in the adipose tissue of 39 persons with a history of residential, recreational, or occupational exposure in Missouri and in 57 persons in a control group. All participants had detectable levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in their adipose tissue, but the exposed group had significantly higher levels. Levels of six of the exposed persons were more than five times greater than the level of the highest control. Measuring 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in adipose tissue provides a much improved index of exposure, an important advance for research studies evaluating the possible health effects of this compound. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:2683-2686)
Focal bone pain. Infection or infarction?
Authors: L. G. Lutzker
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A LIMPING child complains of pain in a lower extremity, is febrile, and has localized soft tissue swelling and tenderness to deep palpation over the bone. Laboratory studies disclose a normal or slightly elevated white blood cell (WBC) count and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Results of a roentgenographic examination demonstrate no pathologic findings. This is a relatively common presentation in a pediatric emergency room. Does the child have osteomyelitis? Cellulitis? Bone infarct? Although blood cultures will be done, it is not desirable to delay therapy of bone infection while waiting for the results. Roentgenographic studies are not helpful since they may not show positive findings for a week or more. The following cases illustrate the usefulness of radionuclide bone imaging in situations of this type. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 10-year-old boy had a limp and a swollen, hot, tender, painful left ankle of four days' duration
Comment: radionuclide carcinogenesis and sinus carcinoma
Authors: P. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Radiation-induced tumors (ie, osteogenic sarcomas or leukemias) relate more to the ingestion or injection of radioactive materials than they do to exposure to external radiation sources. However, the most common cancers induced by radionuclides are cancers about the paranasal sinuses. Human experience with radionuclide carcinogenesis is popularly related to radium dial painters who unwittingly ingested significant amounts of radium while wetting their brushes with the luminescent radium paint. Now, patients receiving radium salts, intravenously, persons drinking various radioactive nostrums, and chemists inhaling compounds during work are also included in this category. With the advent of the atomic era, concern with late induction neoplasms after exposure to radioactive materials has understandably increased. A large number of experimental and practical investigations into the neoplastic effects of bone seeking radionuclides have been carefully recorded.<sup>45</sup> The dosimetry of radionuclides deposited in bones is a complex problem. Calculation of various concentrations of radium and