tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Highlights from this issue
Authors: Andrew Bush, Ian Pavord
Journal: Thorax (2012)

The fourth monkeyWe all know of the three monkeys, who respectively see no evil, hear no evil and do no evil.The fourth monkey, not (as far as we know, infiltrated into MI5) has asthma but perceives no evil.This is a major problem in paediatric practiceasthmatic children may not perceive that they are bronchoconstricting, so they may not take their reliever medication or indeed realise they are on the verge of a serious asthma attack.This has important implications for the use of questionnaire scores, no matter how well validated, for the assessment of asthma control.Feldman et al gave children from the Bronx a device which automatically recorded their peak flow; half were blinded to the results, half received immediate feedback (Editor's Choice, page 1040).These children were found to be at high risk, both from underperception of symptoms and (unsurprisingly) poor adherence.However the feedback group, who estimated their peak flow and then found out immediately how wrong they were, not merely improved their perception over time (presumably harnessing the innate spirit of competition, I won't be beaten by a machine) but also took their medication more frequently.In an accompanying editorial, Paton (page 1023) highlights some of the problems of the study, but also highlights the new technological options such as the devices used in the present studies, which we should be using to try to improve control.Those who believe Flicker is what candles do should turn the page, but the more technology-savvy should ponder the use of novel methods for a new e-age.
Pentazocine Abuse
Authors: Irwin S. Finkelstein
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Established case examples of pentazocine abuse have been difficult to find in the literature. The drug inserts and the<i>AMA Drug Evaluations 1971</i>fail to describe this medication as addicting but refers to it as possibly habituating and relatively harmless. I was naturally pleased to read of Dr. Halliday's two cases, (223:801, 1973) which bear a close resemblance to one of my own. The patient is a 26-year-old Vietnam war veteran and amputee, who lost his left lower limb after being hit by a mortar while serving as a medic. Following introduction and experiencing many "pain killers," he finally stayed with pentazocine ("injectable Talwin") as providing the most acceptable "buzz" for him. He presently mainlines four to seven 30-mg ampules per day with minimal ill effects. Interestingly enough, he has been most active in developing and leading teenage groups at rap and drug centers in their self-help
USE OF A NOVEL SEPTAL OCCLUDER DEVICE FOR LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE CLOSURE IN PATIENTS WITH POST-SURGICAL AND POST-LARIAT LEAKS ORANATOMIES UNSUITABLE FOR CONVENTIONAL PERCUTANEOUS OCCLUSION
Authors: Domenico Giovanni Della Rocca, Rodney Horton, Nicola Tarantino, Ashkan Ahmadian-Tehrani, Luigi Di Biase, Chintan Trivedi, Sanghamitra Mohanty, Carola Gianni, Ghulam Murtaza, Krishna Akella, Mohamed Bassiouny, Amin Al-Ahmad, John Burkhardt, Dhanunjaya R. Lakkireddy, Andrea Natale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Issue Highlights
Journal: Circulation (2005)

National health policy planners set an ambitious agenda in Healthy People 2010 by committing to decreasing death and disability in the United States by 25% by 2010.One of the fundamental goals essential to achieving this objective is to eliminate healthcare disparities.In this issue of Circulation, Dr Mensah and colleagues provide the Centers for Disease Control's most recent data on the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors by race and ethnicity.The investigators report that racial/ethnic disparities in cardiovascular disease and risk factors are ubiquitous regionally and nationally.Obesity is common in all Americans but is particularly prevalent in African American women (48.4%) and Mexican American men with a high school education (29.7%).Hypertension prevalence was high in African Americans (41.2%), whereas hypercholesterolemia was high among whites.Hospitalizations for heart failure and stroke were more common in the southeast and in African Americans.Midway in the first decade of the 21st century, the reported data underscore that the United States has tremendous persistent racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and regional disparities in cardiovascular disease.If we are to continue to make major advances in reducing death and disability from cardiovascular disease, we must overcome the extensively documented racial/ ethnic and socioeconomic health disparities.See p 1233.
The place of surgery in Wilms' tumors
Authors: J. K. Lattimer
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The survival rate of patients treated for Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma) has increased steadily over the past three decades. Ladd and White<sup>21</sup>were the first to show that prompt and thorough surgery, in conjunction with better preoperative and postoperative care, improved the survival rate. This was the first of three important advances in the treatment of this malignancy, and the evidence still favors the concept that surgical removal of the tumor mass should be the first step carried out, in order to insure the best results from radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Surgery alone has been effective in a few cases. For instance, in the series from Squier Urological Clinic, published in 1959,<sup>22</sup>four of the five patients treated with nephrectomy alone survived more than five years (Table 2). The larger collected series of Klapproth,<sup>23</sup>however, showed that the results of nephrectomy alone were not as good as those obtained
Biliary copper excretion in acutely and chronically copper-loaded rats
Authors: M Harada
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Biliary copper excretion was examined in rats with acute, continuous and chronic copper loads. Copper was excreted into bile, and the concentration peaked 40 min after a venous injection of copper sulfate (127 ng/gm body weight). The excretion was significantly inhibited by colchicine. Therefore some copper may be transported in hepatocytes by a vesicular pathway and excreted into bile. Biliary copper output increased over time and reached a plateau 180 min after a continuous venous infusion of copper sulfate (318 ng/gm body weight/hr) had started, when the concentration of copper in bile was much higher than that in plasma; the bile/plasma ratio of copper concentrations was 4.32 ± 0.46. These data support the idea that copper transport involves a specific uptake and transport system. In chronically copper-loaded rats, hepatic copper content was significantly increased compared with controls, and reaction products for copper were observed in hepatocyte granules by light microscopic examination with p-dimethylaminobenzylidene rhodanine stain. The number of lysosomes in hepatocytes increased and the shape changed. In chronically copper-loaded rats the number of tubular lysosomes was very high. However, other organelles appeared to be normal. In these rats biliary excretion of not only copper but also acid phosphatase, a Iysosomal enzyme, was significantly greater than the control. Therefore hepatocyte lysosomes may play an important role in biliary copper excretion. Furthermore, when biliary Iysosomal excretion increases, the tubular lysosomes actively participate in this excretion. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;17:111–117.)
Science, Money, Politics
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Labetalol and urinary catecholamines.
Authors: D Harris, D A Richards
Journal: BMJ (1977)

susceptible to obstruction as a result of lymnphoid hyperplasia until involution of this lymphoid tissue occurs.This relationship would account for the characteristic age distribution of acute appendicitis.On this basis lymphoid hyperplasia occurring during viral exanthemata and bacterial infections could lead to appendicitis.However, one study has shown that there is no greater incidence of acute appendicitis in children with these infections than there is in children who are otherwise well."An alternative explanation is that obstruction is due to muscular spasm in the appendix associated with a low-fibre diet, as is thought to occur in the colon, and this would account for the geographical distribution of the disease.
TMOD-31. ADAPTING ENGINEERED CELL THERAPIES TO UNDERSTAND AND OVERCOME GLIOBLASTOMA RESISTANCE USING INTEGRATED IN VIVO AND EX VIVO MODELS
Authors: Andrew Satterlee, Denise Dunn, Scott Floyd, Shawn Hingtgen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract Genetically engineered neural stem cells (NSCs) are a promising therapy for the highly aggressive brain cancer glioblastoma (GBM), yet treatment durability remains a major challenge. We sought to define the events that contribute to dynamic adaption of GBM during NSC treatment and develop strategies to convert initial tumor kill into sustained GBM suppression. Using a unique hybrid tumor model treated with human skin-derived induced NSCs (iNSCs) releasing the pro-apoptotic agent TRAIL, we investigated how spatial distribution of tumor and iNSCs affects GBM adaption throughout recurrence. Serial bioluminescent imaging (BLI) was used to track tumor volumes in vivo, while a subset of mice were sacrificed 6, 13, and 20 days post-treatment to harvest brains and generate living ex vivo tissue slices. Live animal imaging showed iNSC-TRAIL treatment rapidly decreased tumor volumes when delivered into the primary tumor mass; however, minimal impact on tumor growth was observed when cells were delivered into distal regions of the brain. In contrast, high-resolution imaging of living brain sections showed extensive impacts of iNSC-TRAIL therapy that could not be visualized with BLI. The living slices showed iNSC-TRAIL treatment into the primary tumor decreased the solid, but not the invasive, tumor burden. Treatment into the lateral ventricles did impact tumor kill and was more effective at treating the invasive tumor burden and maintaining inhibition than treatment into the contralateral parenchyma. We next utilized the living tissue slices to explore the sensitivity of the recurrent tumors to TRAIL. When therapy was applied to slices harboring recurrent tumor, treatment again significantly reduced tumor volumes, suggesting that tumors had not acquired TRAIL resistance. These results informed an additional in vivo survival study and subsequent PCR analysis of untreated and recurrent tumors, and combine the fidelity of in vivo studies with the speed and spatial resolution of living brain slice technology.
Exploratory analysis of survival benefit and prior docetaxel (D) treatment in COU-AA-301, a phase III study of abiraterone acetate (AA) plus prednisone (P) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).
Authors: Kim N. Chi, Howard I. Scher, Arturo Molina, Christopher Logothetis, Robert J. Jones, John Staffurth, Scott A. North, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, Fred Saad, Paul N. Mainwaring, Stephen John Harland, Jinhui Li, Thian San Kheoh, Christopher M. Haqq, Karim Fizazi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

15 Background: AA, a selective androgen biosynthesis inhibitor, blocks the action of CYP17, thereby inhibiting adrenal and intratumoral androgen synthesis. AA has demonstrated improved overall survival (OS) by 4.6 months (mos) vs placebo (HR=0.74) in patients (pts) previously treated with D. Methods: COU-AA-301 is a randomized double-blind study of AA (1 g) + P (5 mg po BID) vs placebo + P administered to mCRPC pts post-D with a primary endpoint of OS. To evaluate the robustness of the primary survival results, we performed post hoc exploratory analyses to assess whether the timing of first and last dose of D and reason for D discontinuation impacted OS. Results: At the time of randomization, treatment arms were balanced with respect to baseline characteristics, prior D use, and reasons for discontinuation. In both arms, almost half (45%) discontinued D due to progressive disease (PD); the remainder discontinued D as part of planned treatment (37%), toxicity (12%), or for other reasons (5%) per investigator reporting. Median OS from first and last dose of D were longer with AA vs placebo (Table). Median OS was longer with AA vs placebo in pts who discontinued D for PD or for all other reasons. Conclusions: These exploratory analyses suggest that the survival benefit of AA in mCRPC was maintained when calculated from first or last dose of prior D, and whether or not pts discontinued D for PD. Pts in the AA arm of this study had a prolonged median OS of &gt; 32 mos from the time of initial D therapy. Congruity among these analyses demonstrates the robustness of the primary survival result. [Table: see text]
Highlights
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Treatment Strategies for Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis 461Magnetic resonance imaging is a sensitive measure of joint infl ammation and damage.Møller-Bisgaard and colleagues randomized 200 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and found that a magnetic resonance imaging-guided treatment strategy was not superior to a conventional treatment strategy for improving remission rates or reducing radiographic progression.In an Editorial, Aletaha and Smolen suggest that imagingguided therapy can lead to costly, unnecessary, and potentially harmful therapies.Editorial 457 CME jamanetwork.com/learning Anesthesia and Postoperative Delirium 473Electroencephalogram suppression during general anesthesia may be associated with postoperative delirium.In a randomized trial by Wildes and colleagues for the ENGAGES Research Group that enrolled 1232 adults aged 60 years and older undergoing major surgery with general anesthesia, electroencephalography-guided anesthetic administration, compared with usual care, did not decrease the incidence of postoperative delirium.In an Editorial, Abbott and Pearse suggest that if the fi ndings of this trial are replicated by other, ongoing trials, then the role of this technology seems uncertain.
Allergy to Cottonseed and Other Oil-Seeds and Their Edible Derivatives
Journal: JAMA (1949)

oped adrenal cortex and, secondarily, as a conditioning and predisposing mechanism, iodine deficiency disease or hypo- thyroidism."He suggests the routine feeding of iodized milk to infants and children in goiter areas.An effort is made, at the end of each section, to list the multitude of pharmaceutical preparations of hormones.The outline will provide a useful and readily accessible array of information for the general practitioner who will find its therapeutic advice usually sound.Some of the opin- ions expressed in discussion should be accepted with caution.
What's new in the other general journals
Authors: Alison Tonks
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Statins work well in the long term, reducing serum concentrations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and protecting patients from heart attacks, strokes, and death. There's some evidence that they also reduce vascular inflammation and stabilise vascular endothelium, although these fast acting physiological effects don't seem to translate into better short term outcomes for patients with acute coronary syndromes. In a meta-analysis of 12 randomised controlled trials, early treatment with statins did not reduce patients' short term risk of heart attack, stroke, or death compared with a placebo or usual care. The authors found a modest reduction in the risk of unstable angina four months after symptoms had started (206/4268, 4.8% v 256/4238, 6.0%; relative risk 0.80, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.00) but no other clinical benefits. The patients were mostly men with a mean age of 55-70 years who had been admitted to hospital with a heart attack or unstable angina. They began treatment 1-10 days after admission, and for this analysis they were followed up for four months. Despite these negative findings, it's still a good idea to prescribe statins earlier rather than later, say the authors. It does no harm, benefits will accumulate eventually, and it's likely that starting treatment in hospital improves adherence. JAMA2006;295: 2046–56 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Worldwide, more than three million babies are born dead each year, according to recent estimates. Ninety nine per cent are born in developing countries. Half are born in India, China, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, and most of the rest in sub-Saharan Africa. Overall, the rate of stillbirths is five times higher in poor than in rich countries (25.5 v 5.3 per 1000 deliveries). Stillbirths are hard to count, particularly in countries with a poor health infrastructure and the highest rates of stillbirth. These researchers used whatever data they could find in birth and … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%26rft.stitle%253DJAMA%26rft.issn%253D0002-9955%26rft.aulast%253DBriel%26rft.auinit1%253DM.%26rft.volume%253D295%26rft.issue%253D17%26rft.spage%253D2046%26rft.epage%253D2056%26rft.atitle%253DEffects%2Bof%2Bearly%2Btreatment%2Bwith%2Bstatins%2Bon%2Bshort-term%2Bclinical%2Boutcomes%2Bin%2Bacute%2Bcoronary%2Bsyndromes%253A%2Ba%2Bmeta-analysis%2Bof%2Brandomized%2Bcontrolled%2Btrials.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjama.295.17.2046%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F16670413%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/jama.295.17.2046&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=16670413&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fbmj%2F332%2F7550%2F1146.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000237225100021&link_type=ISI
Ueber den Kaiserschnitt zur aseptischen Geburt.
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Molecular and clinical characterization of a claudin (CLDN)-low subtype of gastric cancer (GC).
Authors: Tomohiro F. Nishijima, Jordan Kardos, Shengjie Chai, Christof C Smith, Dante S. Bortone, Lisle E. Mose, Sara R. Selitsky, Hanna Kelly Sanoff, Joel S. Parker, Michael Sangmin Lee, Benjamin Garrett Vincent
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

67 Background: A CLDN-low subtype has been identified in breast and bladder cancers and is characterized by low expression of tight junction proteins CLDN, enrichment for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor initiating cell (TIC) features. Given the genomically stable (GS) subtype of GC defined by TCGA has features suggestive of CLDN-low tumors, we evaluated whether the CLDN-low subtype also exists in GC. Methods: 415 tumors from TCGA GC mRNA dataset were clustered on the CLDN, EMT and TIC gene sets with significance testing using SigClust2 to identify CLDN-low GC. A minimal set of genes that could accurately classify CLDN-low GC was defined by prediction analysis of microarrays (PAM). Tumors identified by SigClust2 or the PAM were called CLDN-low GC regardless of the original subtype call. The 300 GCs in the Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG) dataset [GSE62254] were used to validate the predictor. We characterized clinical and molecular (gene expression, mutation and copy number alteration) features of CLDN-low GC. Results: We identified 46 tumors that had consensus enrichment for CLDN-low features in TCGA. CLDN-low tumors were most commonly diffuse (35/42=83%, 4 tumors=mixed) and GS (36/46=78%). CLDN-low GC showed high expression of immune gene signatures including T and NK cell signatures, but not an immunosuppression signature. Compared to GS subtype, CLDN-low GC had increased frequency of CD44, GATA4, and GATA6 amplification. In ACRG, 28/300 GCs were CLDN-low using the PAM predictor. The CLDN-low GC in ACRG was phenotypically similar to the CLDN-low GC in TCGA based on the CLDN, EMT and TIC gene signatures. Clinically, CLDN-low GC was associated with the shortest overall survival of the 5 subtypes (CLDN-low plus TCGA defined 4 subtypes). Notably, a hazard ratio comparing CLDN-low GC vs GS was 2.10 (95%CI; 1.07-4.11) in TCGA and 2.32 (95%CI; 1.18-4.55) in ACRG cohort, adjusting for age and pathological stage. Conclusions: We identified a CLDN-low GC which has a poor prognosis likely related to the resistance to conventional chemotherapy due to its EMT and TIC-like properties. Further development of targeted therapies against these molecular features is warranted to improve the outcome of CLDN-low GC.