tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Functional Alterations Due to COVID-19 Lung Lesions—Lessons From a Multicenter V/Q Scan-Based Registry
Authors: Pierre-Benoît Bonnefoy, Achraf Bahloul, Benoit Denizot, Bertrand Barres, Caroline Moreau-Triby, Astrid Girma, Amandine Pallardy, Quentin Ceyra, Laure Sarda-Mantel, Micheline Razzouk-Cadet, Reka Zsigmond, Florent Cachin, Gilles Karcher, Pierre-Yves Salaun, Pierre-Yves Le Roux
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Purpose In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, clinical manifestations as well as chest CT lesions are variable. Lung scintigraphy allows to assess and compare the regional distribution of ventilation and perfusion throughout the lungs. Our main objective was to describe ventilation and perfusion injury by type of chest CT lesions of COVID-19 infection using V/Q SPECT/CT imaging. Patients and Methods We explored a national registry including V/Q SPECT/CT performed during a proven acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Chest CT findings of COVID-19 disease were classified in 3 elementary lesions: ground-glass opacities, crazy-paving (CP), and consolidation. For each type of chest CT lesions, a semiquantitative evaluation of ventilation and perfusion was visually performed using a 5-point scale score (0 = normal to 4 = absent function). Results V/Q SPECT/CT was performed in 145 patients recruited in 9 nuclear medicine departments. Parenchymal lesions were visible in 126 patients (86.9%). Ground-glass opacities were visible in 33 patients (22.8%) and were responsible for minimal perfusion impairment (perfusion score [mean ± SD], 0.9 ± 0.6) and moderate ventilation impairment (ventilation score, 1.7 ± 1); CP was visible in 43 patients (29.7%) and caused moderate perfusion impairment (2.1 ± 1.1) and moderate-to-severe ventilation impairment (2.5 ± 1.1); consolidation was visible in 89 patients (61.4%) and was associated with moderate perfusion impairment (2.1 ± 1) and severe ventilation impairment (3.0 ± 0.9). Conclusions In COVID-19 patients assessed with V/Q SPECT/CT, a large proportion demonstrated parenchymal lung lesions on CT, responsible for ventilation and perfusion injury. COVID-19–related pulmonary lesions were, in order of frequency and functional impairment, consolidations, CP, and ground-glass opacity, with typically a reverse mismatched or matched pattern.
Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019: a systematic analysis
Authors: You Li, Xin Wang, Dianna M Blau, Mauricio T Caballero, Daniel R Feikin, Christopher J Gill, Shabir A Madhi, Saad B Omer, Eric A F Simões, Harry Campbell, Ana Bermejo Pariente, Darmaa Bardach, Quique Bassat, Jean-Sebastien Casalegno, Giorgi Chakhunashvili, Nigel Crawford, Daria Danilenko, Lien Anh Ha Do, Marcela Echavarria, Angela Gentile, Aubree Gordon, Terho Heikkinen, Q Sue Huang, Sophie Jullien, Anand Krishnan, Eduardo Luis Lopez, Joško Markić, Ainara Mira-Iglesias, Hannah C Moore, Jocelyn Moyes, Lawrence Mwananyanda, D James Nokes, Faseeha Noordeen, Evangeline Obodai, Nandhini Palani, Candice Romero, Vahid Salimi, Ashish Satav, Euri Seo, Zakhar Shchomak, Rosalyn Singleton, Kirill Stolyarov, Sonia K Stoszek, Anne von Gottberg, Danielle Wurzel, Lay-Myint Yoshida, Chee Fu Yung, Heather J Zar, Michael Abram, Jeroen Aerssens, Annette Alafaci, Angel Balmaseda, Teresa Bandeira, Ian Barr, Ena Batinović, Philippe Beutels, Jinal Bhiman, Christopher C Blyth, Louis Bont, Sara S Bressler, Cheryl Cohen, Rachel Cohen, Anna-Maria Costa, Rowena Crow, Andrew Daley, Duc-Anh Dang, Clarisse Demont, Christine Desnoyers, Javier Díez-Domingo, Maduja Divarathna, Mignon du Plessis, Madeleine Edgoose, Fausto Martín Ferolla, Thea K Fischer, Amanuel Gebremedhin, Carlo Giaquinto, Yves Gillet, Roger Hernandez, Come Horvat, Etienne Javouhey, Irakli Karseladze, John Kubale, Rakesh Kumar, Bruno Lina, Florencia Lucion, Rae MacGinty, Federico Martinon-Torres, Alissa McMinn, Adam Meijer, Petra Milić, Adrian Morel, Kim Mulholland, Tuya Mungun, Nickson Murunga, Claire Newbern, Mark P Nicol, John Kofi Odoom, Peter Openshaw, Dominique Ploin, Fernando P Polack, Andrew J Pollard, Namrata Prasad, Joan Puig-Barberà, Janine Reiche, Noelia Reyes, Bishoy Rizkalla, Shilpa Satao, Ting Shi, Sujatha Sistla, Matthew Snape, Yanran Song, Giselle Soto, Forough Tavakoli, Michiko Toizumi, Naranzul Tsedenbal, Maarten van den Berge, Charlotte Vernhes, Claire von Mollendorf, Sibongile Walaza, Gregory Walker, Harish Nair
Journal: The Lancet (2022)
The Contribution of Chest Radiography to the Clinical Management of Children Exposed to Tuberculosis
Authors: Chuan-Chin Huang, Qi Tan, Mercedes C. Becerra, Roger Calderon, Silvia S. Chiang, Carmen Contreras, Leonid Lecca, Judith Jimenez, Carlos M. Perez-Velez, Claudia L. Roya-Pabon, Rosa Yataco, Hai Xu, Zibiao Zhang, Megan Murray
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

Rationale: Although World Health Organization guidelines emphasize contact investigation for tuberculosis (TB)-exposed children, data that support chest radiography as a useful tool are lacking. Objectives: We evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic information of chest radiography in children exposed to TB and measured the efficacy of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in those with relevant radiographic abnormalities. Methods: Between September 2009 and August 2012, we enrolled 4,468 TB-exposed children who were screened by tuberculin skin testing, symptom assessment, and chest radiography. Those negative for TB disease were followed for 1 year for the occurrence of new TB diagnoses. We assessed the protective efficacy of IPT in children with and without abnormal chest radiographs. Measurements and Main Results: Compared with asymptomatic children with normal chest films, asymptomatic children with abnormal radiographs were 25.1-fold more likely to have coprevalent TB (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-613.76) and 26.7-fold more likely to be diagnosed with incident TB disease during follow-up (95% CI, 10.44-68.30). Among the 29 symptom-negative and CXR-abnormal child contacts, 20% (3/15) of the isoniazid recipients developed incident TB, compared with 57% (8/14) of those who did not receive IPT (82% IPT efficacy). Conclusions: Our results strongly support the use of chest radiography as a routine screening tool for the evaluation of child TB contacts, which is readily available. Radiographic abnormalities not usually considered suggestive of TB may indicate incipient or subclinical disease, although TB preventive treatment is adequate in most cases.
Lung Cancer and Radon: Pooled Analysis of Uranium Miners Hired in 1960 or Later
Authors: David B. Richardson, Estelle Rage, Paul A. Demers, Minh T. Do, Nora Fenske, Veronika Deffner, Michaela Kreuzer, Jonathan Samet, Stephen J. Bertke, Kaitlin Kelly-Reif, Mary K. Schubauer-Berigan, Ladislav Tomasek, Lydia B. Zablotska, Charles Wiggins, Dominique Laurier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2022)

Background: Despite reductions in exposure for workers and the general public, radon remains a leading cause of lung cancer. Prior studies of underground miners depended heavily upon information on deaths among miners employed in the early years of mine operations when exposures were high and tended to be poorly estimated. Objectives: To strengthen the basis for radiation protection, we report on the follow-up of workers employed in the later periods of mine operations for whom we have more accurate exposure information and for whom exposures tended to be accrued at intensities that are more comparable to contemporary settings. Methods: We conducted a pooled analysis of cohort studies of lung cancer mortality among 57,873 male uranium miners in Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, and the United States, who were first employed in 1960 or later (thereby excluding miners employed during the periods of highest exposure and focusing on miners who tend to have higher quality assessments of radon progeny exposures). We derived estimates of excess relative rate per 100 working level months (ERR/100 WLM) for mortality from lung cancer. Results: The analysis included 1.9 million person-years of observation and 1,217 deaths due to lung cancer. The relative rate of lung cancer increased in a linear fashion with cumulative exposure to radon progeny (ERR/100 WLM=1.33; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.88). The association was modified by attained age, age at exposure, and annual exposure rate; for attained ages <55 y, the ERR/100 WLM was 8.38 (95% CI: 3.30, 18.99) among miners who were exposed at ≥35 years of age and at annual exposure rates of <0.5 working levels. This association decreased with older attained ages, younger ages at exposure, and higher exposure rates. Discussion: Estimates of association between radon progeny exposure and lung cancer mortality among relatively contemporary miners are coherent with estimates used to inform current protection guidelines. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10669
Short‐term effects of dapagliflozin on maximal functional capacity in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (<scp>DAPA‐VO<sub>2</sub></scp>): a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Patricia Palau, Martina Amiguet, Eloy Domínguez, Clara Sastre, Anna Mollar, Julia Seller, Jose Manuel Garcia Pinilla, Ainoha Larumbe, Alfonso Valle, Juan Jose Gómez Doblas, Rafael de la Espriella, Gema Miñana, Ainhoa Robles Mezcua, Enrique Santas, Vicent Bodí, Juan Sanchis, Domingo Pascual‐Figal, Jose Luis Górriz, Antonio Baýes‐Genís, Julio Núñez
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2022)
Selinexor Combined with Ibrutinib Demonstrates Tolerability and Safety in Advanced B-Cell Malignancies: A Phase I Study
Authors: Deborah M. Stephens, Ying Huang, Amy S. Ruppert, Janek S. Walker, Daniel Canfield, Casey B. Cempre, Qiang Fu, Sharyn Baker, Boyu Hu, Harsh Shah, Renee Vadeboncoeur, Kerry A. Rogers, Seema Bhat, Samantha M. Jaglowski, Hank Lockman, Rosa Lapalombella, John C. Byrd, Jennifer A. Woyach
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Purpose: Dual blockade of Bruton's tyrosine kinase with ibrutinib and selinexor has potential to deepen responses for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Patients and Methods: In this phase I study (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02303392), adult patients with CLL/NHL, relapsed/refractory to ≥1 prior therapy were enrolled. Patients received weekly oral selinexor and daily oral ibrutinib in 28-day cycles until progression or intolerance. Primary objective was to determine MTD. Results: Included patients had CLL (n = 16) or NHL (n = 18; 9 Richter transformation, 6 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and 3 mantle cell lymphoma). Median prior therapies were 4 (range = 1–14) and 59% previously received ibrutinib. The established MTD was 40 mg of selinexor (days 1, 8, 15) and 420 mg daily ibrutinib. Common nonhematologic adverse events were fatigue (56%), nausea (53%), anorexia (41%), and diarrhea (41%) and were mostly low grade. Overall response rate was 32%. An additional 47% achieved stable disease (SD), some prolonged (up to 36 months). Median progression-free survival for patients with CLL and NHL was 8.9 [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.9–16.1] and 2.7 (95% CI, 0.7–5.4) months, respectively. For patients with CLL who did not receive prior ibrutinib, only 20% (1/5) progressed. Estimated 2-year overall survival was 73.7% (95% CI, 44.1–89.2) and 27.8% (95% CI, 10.1–48.9) for patients with CLL and NHL, respectively. Conclusions: The selinexor and ibrutinib combination has demonstrated tolerability in patients with relapsed/refractory CLL/NHL. Responses were durable. Notable responses were seen in patients with CLL with minimal prior therapy. Future study of this combination will focus on efforts to deepen remissions in patients with CLL receiving ibrutinib therapy.
Enduring undetectable MRD and updated outcomes in relapsed/refractory CLL after fixed-duration venetoclax-rituximab
Authors: John F. Seymour, Thomas J. Kipps, Barbara F. Eichhorst, James D’Rozario, Carolyn J. Owen, Sarit Assouline, Nicole Lamanna, Tadeusz Robak, Javier de la Serna, Ulrich Jaeger, Guillaume Cartron, Marco Montillo, Clemens Mellink, Brenda Chyla, Anesh Panchal, Tong Lu, Jenny Q. Wu, Yanwen Jiang, Marcus Lefebure, Michelle Boyer, Arnon P. Kater
Journal: Blood (2022)

The MURANO trial (A Study to Evaluate the Benefit of Venetoclax Plus Rituximab Compared With Bendamustine Plus Rituximab in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [CLL]; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier #NCT02005471) reported superior progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with venetoclax-rituximab (VenR) vs bendamustine-rituximab (BR) in relapsed/refractory (R/R) CLL. Patients were randomized to 2 years of VenR (n = 194; rituximab for the first 6 months) or 6 months of BR (n = 195). Although undetectable minimal residual disease (uMRD) was achieved more often with VenR, the long-term implications of uMRD with this fixed-duration, chemotherapy-free regimen have not been explored. We report MRD kinetics and updated outcomes with 5 years' follow-up. Survival benefits with VenR vs BR were sustained (median PFS [95% confidence interval]: 53.6 [48.4, 57.0] vs 17.0 [15.5, 21.7] months, respectively, P < .0001; 5-year OS [95% confidence interval]: 82.1% [76.4, 87.8] vs 62.2% [54.8, 69.6], P < .0001). VenR was superior to BR, regardless of cytogenetic category. VenR-treated patients with uMRD at end of treatment (EOT; n = 83) had superior OS vs those with high-MRD+ (n = 12): 3-year post-EOT survival rates were 95.3% vs 72.9% (P = .039). In those with uMRD at EOT, median time to MRD conversion was 19.4 months. Of 47 patients with documented MRD conversion, 19 developed progressive disease (PD); median time from conversion to PD was 25.2 months. A population-based logistic growth model indicated slower MRD median doubling time post-EOT with VenR (93 days) vs BR (53 days; P = 1.2 × 10-7). No new safety signals were identified. Sustained survival, uMRD benefits, and durable responses support 2-year fixed-duration VenR treatment in R/R CLL.
Evaluation of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Physicians Compared With Nonphysicians
Authors: Maria C. Cusimano, Nancy N. Baxter, Rinku Sutradhar, Eric McArthur, Joel G. Ray, Amit X. Garg, Simone Vigod, Andrea N. Simpson
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Physicians may be at risk of pregnancy complications due to prolonged work hours, overnight shifts, occupational hazards, and older maternal age at first birth compared with nonphysicians. Observational studies of physicians, including comparisons across physician specialties, are needed. <h3>Objective</h3> To compare adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes between pregnant physicians and nonphysicians and between physicians of different specialties. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted in Ontario, Canada. Participants included physicians and nonphysician comparators residing in high-income areas who experienced a birth at 20 or more weeks' gestation from April 1, 2002, to November 26, 2018. Data analysis was performed from December 2020 to March 2022. <h3>Exposures</h3> Physician occupation and physician specialty. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Severe maternal morbidity (in pregnancy and up to 42 days' post partum) and severe neonatal morbidity (up to hospital discharge among live-born infants) were the primary outcomes. Logistic regression under a generalized estimating equations approach was used to compare outcomes between physicians and nonphysicians, accounting for potentially more than 1 pregnancy per woman. Odds ratios were adjusted (aOR) for maternal age, parity, previous preterm birth, calendar year, immigration status, comorbidities, multiple gestation, and mode of delivery. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 10 489 births occurred among 6161 licensed physicians, and 298 683 births occurred among 211 191 nonphysician counterparts. Physicians were older (median [IQR] age, 34 [31-36] vs 32 [29-35] years) and more likely to be nulliparous (5049 [48.1%] vs 128 961 [43.2%]) compared with nonphysicians. Severe maternal morbidity was more likely to occur among physicians than nonphysicians (unadjusted OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04-1.41) but not after adjusting for study covariates (aOR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.97-1.32). Severe neonatal morbidity was less likely to occur among infants of physicians than infants of nonphysicians (aOR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.72-0.87). Compared with family physicians, neither nonsurgical specialists (aOR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.82-1.53) nor surgical specialists (aOR, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.74-2.76) were at increased risk of severe maternal morbidity. Similar findings were observed for severe neonatal morbidity (nonsurgical specialists: aOR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.80-1.19; surgical specialists: aOR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.68-1.71). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The findings of this study suggest that female physicians may be at slightly higher risk of severe maternal morbidity. This association appeared to be mediated by their tendency to delay childbearing compared with nonphysicians. Newborns of physicians appear to experience less morbidity. Such differences were not observed between physician specialty groups.
Decline in Prolonged Acute Mechanical Ventilation, 2011–2019
Authors: Anica C. Law, Wei Tian, Yang Song, Jennifer P. Stevens, Allan J. Walkey
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

"Decline in Prolonged Acute Mechanical Ventilation, 2011–2019." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 206(5), pp. 640–644
Tumor-induced double positive T cells display distinct lineage commitment mechanisms and functions
Authors: Sara E. Schad, Andrew Chow, Levi Mangarin, Heng Pan, Jiajia Zhang, Nicholas Ceglia, Justina X. Caushi, Nicole Malandro, Roberta Zappasodi, Mathieu Gigoux, Daniel Hirschhorn, Sadna Budhu, Masataka Amisaki, Monica Arniella, David Redmond, Jamie Chaft, Patrick M. Forde, Justin F. Gainor, Matthew D. Hellmann, Vinod Balachandran, Sohrab Shah, Kellie N. Smith, Drew Pardoll, Olivier Elemento, Jedd D. Wolchok, Taha Merghoub
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2022)

Transcription factors ThPOK and Runx3 regulate the differentiation of “helper” CD4+ and “cytotoxic” CD8+ T cell lineages respectively, inducing single positive (SP) T cells that enter the periphery with the expression of either the CD4 or CD8 co-receptor. Despite the expectation that these cell fates are mutually exclusive and that mature CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) T cells are present in healthy individuals and augmented in the context of disease, yet their molecular features and pathophysiologic role are disputed. Here, we show DP T cells in murine and human tumors as a heterogenous population originating from SP T cells which re-express the opposite co-receptor and acquire features of the opposite cell type’s phenotype and function following TCR stimulation. We identified distinct clonally expanded DP T cells in human melanoma and lung cancer by scRNA sequencing and demonstrated their tumor reactivity in cytotoxicity assays. Our findings indicate that antigen stimulation induces SP T cells to differentiate into DP T cell subsets gaining in polyfunctional characteristics.
Effectiveness and Harms of Contraceptive Counseling and Provision Interventions for Women
Authors: Heidi D. Nelson, Amy Cantor, Rebecca M. Jungbauer, Karen B. Eden, Blair Darney, Katherine Ahrens, Amanda Burgess, Chandler Atchison, Rose Goueth, Rongwei Fu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

The effectiveness and harms of contraceptive counseling and provision interventions are unclear.
Embryonic Origins of the Hematopoietic System: Hierarchies and Heterogeneity
Authors: Chris S. Vink, Samanta A. Mariani, Elaine Dzierzak
Journal: HemaSphere (2022)

The hierarchical framework of the adult blood system as we know it from current medical and hematology textbooks, displays a linear branching network of dividing and differentiated cells essential for the growth and maintenance of the healthy organism. This view of the hierarchy has evolved over the last 75 years. An amazing increase in cellular complexity has been realized; however, innovative single-cell technologies continue to uncover essential cell types and functions in animal models and the human blood system. The most potent cell of the hematopoietic hierarchy is the hematopoietic stem cell. Stem cells for adult tissues are the long-lived self-renewing cellular component, which ensure that differentiated tissue-specific cells are maintained and replaced through the entire adult lifespan. Although much blood research is focused on hematopoietic tissue homeostasis, replacement and regeneration during adult life, embryological studies have widened and enriched our understanding of additional developmental hierarchies and interacting cells of this life-sustaining tissue. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of the hierarchical organization and the vast heterogeneity of the hematopoietic system from embryonic to adult stages.
Are Surgeons Really More Resilient Than Athletes?
Authors: Gregory A. Leya, Zachary M. Feldman, David C. Chang
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

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Gender Differences in Takotsubo Syndrome
Authors: Luca Arcari, Iván J Núñez Gil, Thomas Stiermaier, Ibrahim El-Battrawy, Federico Guerra, Giuseppina Novo, Beatrice Musumeci, Luca Cacciotti, Enrica Mariano, Pasquale Caldarola, Giuseppe Parisi, Roberta Montisci, Enrica Vitale, Matteo Sclafani, Massimo Volpe, Miguel Corbì-Pasqual, Manuel Martinez-Selles, Manuel Almendro-Delia, Alessandro Sionis, Aitor Uribarri, Ibrahim Akin, Holger Thiele, Natale Daniele Brunetti, Ingo Eitel, Francesco Santoro
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)