tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic characteristics of women who died by suicide in India from 2014 to 2020: findings from surveillance data
Authors: Rakhi Dandona, Sibin George, G Anil Kumar
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2023)

BackgroundWomen in India have twice the suicide death rate (SDR) compared with the global average for women. The aim of this study is to present a systematic understanding of sociodemographic risk factors, reasons for suicide deaths, and methods of suicide among women in India at the state level over time.MethodsAdministrative data on suicide deaths among women by education level, marital status, and occupation, and reason for and method of suicide were extracted from the National Crimes Record Bureau reports for years 2014 to 2020. We extrapolated SDR at the population level for Indian women by education, marital status, and occupation to understand the sociodemography of these suicide deaths for India and its states. We reported the reasons for and methods of suicide deaths among Indian women at the state level over this period.FindingsSDR was higher among women with education of class 6 or more (10·2; 95% CI 10·1–10·4) than those with no education (3·8; 3·7–3·9) or education until class 5 (5·4; 5·2–5·5) in India in 2020, with similar patterns in most states. SDR declined between 2014 and 2020 for women with education until class 5. Women currently married accounted for 28 085 (63·1%) of 44 498 suicide deaths in India, 8336 (56·2%) of 14 840 in less developed states, and 19 661 (66·9%) of 29 407 in more developed states in 2020. For India, women currently married had a significantly higher SDR (8·1; 8·0–8·2) than those never married in 2014. However, women who never married had a significantly higher SDR (8·4; 8·2–8·5) in 2020 than those who were currently married. Many individual states in 2020 had similar SDR for women who never married and those who are currently married. Housewife as an occupation accounted for 50% or more of suicide deaths from 2014 to 2020 in India and its states. Family problems was the most common reason for suicide from 2014 to 2020, accounting for 16 140 (36·3%) of 44 498 suicide deaths in India, 5268 (35·5%) of 14 840 in less developed states, and 10 803 (36·7%) of 29 407 in more developed states in 2020. Hanging was the leading mean of suicide from 2014 to 2020. Insecticide or poison consumption was the second leading cause of suicide, accounting for 2228 (15·0%) of all 14 840 suicide deaths in less developed states and 5753 (19·6%) of 29 407 in more developed states, with a near 70·0% increase in the use of this method from 2014 to 2020.InterpretationThe higher SDR among women who have received an education, similar SDR between women currently married and never married, and variations in the reasons for and means of suicide at the state level highlight the need to incorporate sociological insights into how the external social environment can matter for women to better understand the complexity of suicide and determine how to effectively intervene.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Minimum legal drinking age—still an underrated alcohol control policy
Authors: Jürgen Rehm
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2023)

In their latest review of alcohol control policies, Babor and colleagues1 classify laws that involve increases to the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) as best practice with a high degree of clear and consistent evidence. The prime example for implementing such laws was the US increase in MLDA from age 18 years to age 21 years, which was associated with reduced night-time traffic fatalities, lower suicide mortality, and decreased arrest rates for various crimes.2 Similar results in other, mostly high-income countries corroborated the effects of increasing the MLDA.
DLP printed hDPSC-loaded GelMA microsphere regenerates dental pulp and repairs spinal cord
Authors: Ying Qian, Jiaxing Gong, Kejie Lu, Yi Hong, Ziyu Zhu, Jingyu Zhang, Yiwei Zou, Feifei Zhou, Chaoying Zhang, Siyi Zhou, Tianyi Gu, Miao Sun, Shaolong Wang, Jianxiang He, Yang Li, Junxin Lin, Yuan Yuan, Hongwei Ouyang, Mengfei Yu, Huiming Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2023)
Early switch to oral antimicrobials in brain abscess: a narrative review
Authors: Jacob Bodilsen, Henrik Nielsen
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2023)

Early switch to oral antimicrobials has been suggested as a treatment strategy in patients with brain abscess, but the practice is controversial.This review aimed to summarize the background, current evidence, and future perspectives for early transition to oral antimicrobials in patients with brain abscess.The review was based upon a previous systematic review carried out during the development of the ESCMID guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of brain abscess. The search used 'brain abscess' or 'cerebral abscess' as text or MESH terms in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Studies included in the review were required to be published in the English language within the last 25 years and to have a study population of ≥10 patients. Other studies known by the authors were also included.In this review, the background for some experts to suggest early transition to oral antimicrobials in patients with mild and uncomplicated brain abscess was clarified. Next, results from observational studies were summarized and limitations discussed. Indirect support for early oral treatment of brain abscess was described with reference to other serious central nervous system infections and general pharmacological considerations. Finally, variations within and between countries in the use of early transition to oral antimicrobials in patients with brain abscess were highlighted.Early transition to oral antimicrobials in patients with uncomplicated brain abscess may be of benefit for patients due to convenience of treatment and potential decreased risks associated with prolonged hospitalization and intravenous lines. The strategy may also confer a more rational allocation of healthcare resources and decrease expenses. However, the benefit/risk ratio for this strategy remains unresolved at present.
Engineered Compounds to Control Ice Nucleation and Recrystallization
Authors: Nishaka William, Sophia Mangan, Rob N. Ben, Jason P. Acker
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2023)

One of the greatest concerns in the subzero storage of cells, tissues, and organs is the ability to control the nucleation or recrystallization of ice. In nature, evidence of these processes, which aid in sustaining internal temperatures below the physiologic freezing point for extended periods of time, is apparent in freeze-avoidant and freeze-tolerant organisms. After decades of studying these proteins, we now have easily accessible compounds and materials capable of recapitulating the mechanisms seen in nature for biopreser-vation applications. The output from this burgeoning area of research can interact synergistically with other novel developments in the field of cryobiology, making it an opportune time for a review on this topic.
Worldwide emergence of fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis: current framework and future research roadmap
Authors: Farnaz Daneshnia, João N de Almeida Júnior, Macit Ilkit, Lisa Lombardi, Austin M Perry, Marilyn Gao, Clarissa J Nobile, Matthias Egger, David S Perlin, Bing Zhai, Tobias M Hohl, Toni Gabaldón, Arnaldo Lopes Colombo, Martin Hoenigl, Amir Arastehfar
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2023)

Candida parapsilosis is one of the most commen causes of life-threatening candidaemia, particularly in premature neonates, individuals with cancer of the haematopoietic system, and recipients of organ transplants. Historically, drug-susceptible strains have been linked to clonal outbreaks. However, worldwide studies started since 2018 have reported severe outbreaks among adults caused by fluconazole-resistant strains. Outbreaks caused by fluconazole-resistant strains are associated with high mortality rates and can persist despite strict infection control strategies. The emergence of resistance threatens the efficacy of azoles, which is the most widely used class of antifungals and the only available oral treatment option for candidaemia. The fact that most patients infected with fluconazole-resistant strains are azole-naive underscores the high potential adaptability of fluconazole-resistant strains to diverse hosts, environmental niches, and reservoirs. Another concern is the multidrug-resistant and echinocandin-tolerant C parapsilosis isolates, which emerged in 2020. Raising awareness, establishing effective clinical interventions, and understanding the biology and pathogenesis of fluconazole-resistant C parapsilosis are urgently needed to improve treatment strategies and outcomes.
Clinical Potential of Adrenomedullin Signaling in the Cardiovascular System
Authors: László Bálint, Nathan P. Nelson-Maney, Yanna Tian, Stephen D. Serafin, Kathleen M. Caron
Journal: Circulation Research (2023)

Numerous clinical studies have revealed the utility of circulating AM (adrenomedullin) or MR-proAM (mid-regional proAM 45-92) as an effective prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for a variety of cardiovascular-related pathophysiologies. Thus, there is strong supporting evidence encouraging the exploration of the AM-CLR (calcitonin receptor-like receptor) signaling pathway as a therapeutic target. This is further bolstered because several drugs targeting the shared CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide)-CLR pathway are already Food and Drug Administration-approved and on the market for the treatment of migraine. In this review, we summarize the AM-CLR signaling pathway and its modulatory mechanisms and provide an overview of the current understanding of the physiological and pathological roles of AM-CLR signaling and the yet untapped potentials of AM as a biomarker or therapeutic target in cardiac and vascular diseases and provide an outlook on the recently emerged strategies that may provide further boost to the possible clinical applications of AM signaling.
Indobufen versus aspirin in patients with acute ischaemic stroke in China (INSURE): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, active control, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Yuesong Pan, Xia Meng, Baoshi Yuan, S Claiborne Johnston, Hao Li, Philip M Bath, Qiang Dong, Anding Xu, Jing Jing, Jinxi Lin, Yong Jiang, Xuewei Xie, Aoming Jin, Yue Suo, Hongqin Yang, Yefang Feng, Yanhua Zhou, Qing Liu, Xueli Li, Bin Liu, Hui Zhu, Jinguo Zhao, Xuerong Huang, Haitao Li, Yunyun Xiong, Zixiao Li, Yilong Wang, Xingquan Zhao, Liping Liu, Yongjun Wang, Yongjun Wang, Yanxia Wang, Cunrui Wang, Yazhou Han, Ming Yu, Hongqin Yang, Guoping Zou, Aisheng Wu, Guiru Zhang, Ping Zhang, Mingzong Yan, Jia Zhang, Jingyan Zhao, Huitian Zhang, Qinde Qi, Jianling Zhang, Zhishan Zhu, Jinguo Zhao, Wenfeng Fan, Xueli Li, Liguo Chang, Lan Tan, Liang Zhao, Yanzhong Xue, Peiru Liu, Xiaohua Ju, Zuowen Zhang, Linwen Li, Feng Wei, Lixia Yang, Xuemei Li, Zhixiong Zheng, Hui Liang, Yan Wei, Ming Zhang, Ting Wang, Jianbo Yang, Qing Liu, Panbing Huang, Guojun Tan, Yongming Chen, Jin Zhou, Zhongping An, Chunlei Li, Guohua Chen, Runxiu Zhu, Xin Sun, Yong Liu, Mei Zhang, Yanguang Zhuo, Fanwen Meng, Hui Zhu, Kebo Li, Wei Zhang, Xiangting Chai, Ke Deng, Jianhua Li, Zhiyou Cai, Hailian Jin, Bo Li, Xiaomei Zhang, Beihai Ge, Wei Hu, Zhen Jiao, Lianmei Zhong, Lijie Ren, Xinyi Li, Songdi Wu, Yinguo Wan, Jinghua Zhang, Xiaoyan Ma, Jizheng Hu, Ge Zhang, Chunling Zheng, Jun Xu, YuAn Zou, Xuerong Huang, Zhihui Duan, Changxin Li, Qingxiu Zhang, Xiaoming Song, Zhengchang Jia, Chun Wang, Peining Shao, Jijun Teng, Hua Bao, Yangkun Chen, Yunfei Wei, Xu Zhang, Xisi Meng, Guangning Li, Yefang Feng, Pengke Pan, Aixia Zhuang, Qiang Dong, Xiaofei Chen, Yanhua Zhou, Jun Tang, Hongwei An, Shihao You, Wei Zhang, Yanyan Tang, Guilian Zhang, Hongyan Li, Miao Guo, Chunlei Yu, Ying Li, Haichao Liu, Pengfei Liang, Guangming Kang, Huijie Sun, Yu Che, Juan Tang, Dandan Li, Xiaopeng Feng, Yu Geng, Bin Liu, Huibing Wang, Ping Shen, Huaiping Zhu, Farong Li, Lifang Zhang, Minghua Cao, Yong You, Guiyun Cui, Jun Gu, Haitao Li, Xiangfeng Zhang, Xiaojun Liu, Houqin Chen, Yuehua Zhang, Hongnian Zhao, Ke Liang, Rui Zhi, Ling Ma, Yuanhua Wu, Yalan Geng, Ping Sun, Bing Zhong, Dongxue Li, Jingya Jiao, Yanlei Hao, Guozhong Li, Shaohua Su, Weiping Ju, Lianqiu Min, Liyan Guo, Yafei Shangguan, Yingdong Tai, Ying Xing, Hongshan Chang, Wenya Chen, Hongtao Tang, Shuchun Huang, Jingxian Fang, Donghui Yu, Hailong Zhao, Lei Xu, Aimei Wu, Hebin Wan, Hongliang Wang, Zhihui Shen, Qing Zhang, Qian Wang
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2023)
Microphysiological head and neck cancer model identifies novel role of lymphatically secreted monocyte migration inhibitory factor in cancer cell migration and metabolism
Authors: Ravi Chandra Yada, Danielle E. Desa, Amani A. Gillette, Emmett Bartels, Paul M. Harari, Melissa C. Skala, David J. Beebe, Sheena C. Kerr
Journal: Biomaterials (2023)
Fair domestic allocation of monkeypox virus countermeasures
Authors: Govind Persad, R J Leland, Trygve Ottersen, Henry S Richardson, Carla Saenz, G Owen Schaefer, Ezekiel J Emanuel
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2023)

Countermeasures for mpox (formerly known as monkeypox), primarily vaccines, have been in limited supply in many countries during outbreaks. Equitable allocation of scarce resources during public health emergencies is a complex challenge. Identifying the objectives and core values for the allocation of mpox countermeasures, using those values to provide guidance for priority groups and prioritisation tiers, and optimising allocation implementation are important. The fundamental values for the allocation of mpox countermeasures are: preventing death and illness; reducing the association between death or illness and unjust disparities; prioritising those who prevent harm or mitigate disparities; recognising contributions to combating an outbreak; and treating similar individuals similarly. Ethically and equitably marshalling available countermeasures requires articulating these fundamental objectives, identifying priority tiers, and recognising trade-offs between prioritising the people at the highest risk of infection and the people at the highest risk of harm if infected. These five values can provide guidance on preferable priority categories for a more ethically sound response and suggest methods for optimising allocation of countermeasures for mpox and other diseases for which countermeasures are in short supply. Properly marshalling available countermeasures will be crucial for future effective and equitable national responses to outbreaks.
Adoptive Cell Therapy for Nonhematologic Solid Tumors
Authors: Daniel J. Olson, Kunle Odunsi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

The long-term benefits demonstrated by immunotherapy in select tumors have failed to generalize to most nonhematologic solid tumors. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT)—a treatment on the basis of the isolation and engineering of living T cells and other immune cells—has shown early clinical advances. ACT, through tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy, has shown activity in traditionally immunogenic tumors such as melanoma and cervical cancers, and has the potential to improve immune reactivity in these tumor types where traditional therapies have failed. Engineered T-cell receptor and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies have also shown activity in select nonhematologic solid tumors. Through receptor engineering, and improved understanding of tumor antigens, these therapies have the potential to target poorly immunogenic tumors to deliver long-lasting responses. Additionally, non–T-cell therapies such as natural killer–cell therapy may allow for allogeneic forms of ACT. Each form of ACT has trade-offs that will likely limit their application to specific clinical settings. Key challenges with ACT include the logistical challenges of manufacturing, accurate antigen identification, and the risk of on-target, off-tumor toxicity. The successes of ACT are built on decades of advances in cancer immunology, antigen identification, and cell engineering. With continued refinements in these processes, ACT may extend the benefits of immunotherapy to more patients with advanced nonhematologic solid tumors. Herein, we review the major forms of ACT, their successes, and strategies to overcome the trade-offs of current ACTs.
Minimum legal drinking age and alcohol-attributable morbidity and mortality by age 63 years: a register-based cohort study based on alcohol reform
Authors: Juha Luukkonen, Lasse Tarkiainen, Pekka Martikainen, Hanna Remes
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2023)

BackgroundMinimum legal drinking age (MLDA) is an effective policy tool in preventing youth drinking and short-term alcohol-attributable harm, but studies concerning long-term associations are scarce.MethodsIn this register-based, national cohort study, we assessed alcohol-attributable morbidity and mortality of cohorts born in 1944–54 in Finland. Data were from the 1970 census, the Care Register for Healthcare (maintained by the Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare), and the Cause-of-Death Register (maintained by Statistics Finland). As MLDA was lowered from 21 years to 18 years in 1969, these cohorts were effectively allowed to buy alcohol from different ages (18–21 years). We used survival analysis to compare their alcohol-attributable mortality and hospitalisations with a 36-year follow-up.FindingsCompared with the first cohort (1951) allowed to buy alcohol from age 18, the hazard ratios (HRs) for alcohol-attributable morbidity and mortality were lower in cohorts who could not buy alcohol until age 20 or 21 years. For alcohol-attributable morbidity in those aged 21 years when the reform took place, HR was 0·89 (95% CI 0·86–0·93) for men and 0·87 (0·81–0·94) for women versus those aged 17 years. For alcohol-attributable mortality, HR was 0·86 (0·79–0·93) for men and 0·78 (0·66–0·92) for women aged 21 years when the reform took place. The outcomes of the later-born 1952–54 cohorts did not differ from the 1951 cohort.InterpretationEarlier cohorts had consistently lower alcohol-attributable mortality and morbidity; however, other simultaneous increases in alcohol availability probably contributed to increased alcohol-related harm among the younger cohorts. Overall, differences between cohorts born only a few years apart highlight late adolescence as a crucial period for the establishment of lifelong patterns of alcohol use and suggest that higher MLDA could be protective for health beyond young adulthood.FundingYrjö Jahnsson Foundation, Foundation for Economic Education, Emil Aaltonen Foundation, Academy of Finland, European Research Council, and NordForsk.
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Cardiovascular/Cardiometabolic Health
Authors: Matthew J. Mears, Harrison L. Hookfin, Priya Bandaru, Pablo Vidal, Kristin I. Stanford, Loren E. Wold
Journal: Circulation Research (2023)

The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems, specifically electronic cigarettes (e-cig), has risen dramatically within the last few years; the demographic purchasing these devices is now predominantly adolescents that are not trying to quit the use of traditional combustible cigarettes, but rather are new users. The composition and appearance of these devices has changed since their first entry into the market in the late 2000s, but they remain composed of a battery and aerosol delivery system that is used to deliver breakdown products of propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin, flavorings, and potentially nicotine or other additives. Manufacturers have also adjusted the type of nicotine that is used within the liquid to make the inhalation more palatable for younger users, further affecting the number of youth who use these devices. Although the full spectrum of cardiovascular and cardiometabolic consequences of e-cig use is not fully appreciated, data is beginning to show that e-cigs can cause both short- and long-term issues on cardiac function, vascular integrity and cardiometabolic issues. This review will provide an overview of the cardiovascular, cardiometabolic, and vascular implications of the use of e-cigs, and the potential short- and long-term health effects. A robust understanding of these effects is important in order to inform policy makers on the dangers of e-cigs use.
Nanomaterials with dual immunomodulatory functions for synergistic therapy of breast cancer brain metastases
Authors: Zhenhao Zhao, Chufeng Li, Yiwen Zhang, Chao Li, Yongchao Chu, Xuwen Li, Peixin Liu, Hongyi Chen, Yu Wang, Boyu Su, Qinjun Chen, Tao Sun, Chen Jiang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2023)

A long-standing paucity of effective therapies results in the poor outcomes of triple-negative breast cancer brain metastases. Immunotherapy has made progress in the treatment of tumors, but limited by the non-immunogenicity of tumors and strong immunosuppressive environment, patients with TNBC brain metastases have not yet benefited from immunotherapy. Dual immunoregulatory strategies with enhanced immune activation and reversal of the immunosuppressive microenvironment provide new therapeutic options for patients. Here, we propose a cocktail-like therapeutic strategy of microenvironment regulation-chemotherapy-immune synergistic sensitization and construct reduction-sensitive immune microenvironment regulation nanomaterials (SIL@T). SIL@T modified with targeting peptide penetrates the BBB and is subsequently internalized into metastatic breast cancer cells, releasing silybin and oxaliplatin responsively in the cells. SIL@T preferentially accumulates at the metastatic site and can significantly prolong the survival period of model animals. Mechanistic studies have shown that SIL@T can effectively induce immunogenic cell death of metastatic cells, activate immune responses and increase infiltration of CD8+ T cells. Meanwhile, the activation of STAT3 in the metastatic foci is attenuated and the immunosuppressive microenvironment is reversed. This study demonstrates that SIL@T with dual immunomodulatory functions provides a promising immune synergistic therapy strategy for breast cancer brain metastases.
Intestinal Lymphatic Dysfunction in Kidney Disease
Authors: Jianyong Zhong, Annet Kirabo, Hai-Chun Yang, Agnes B. Fogo, Elaine L. Shelton, Valentina Kon
Journal: Circulation Research (2023)

Kidney disease is associated with adverse consequences in many organs beyond the kidney, including the heart, lungs, brain, and intestines. The kidney-intestinal cross talk involves intestinal epithelial damage, dysbiosis, and generation of uremic toxins. Recent studies reveal that kidney injury expands the intestinal lymphatics, increases lymphatic flow, and alters the composition of mesenteric lymph. The intestinal lymphatics, like blood vessels, are a route for transporting potentially harmful substances generated by the intestines. The lymphatic architecture and actions are uniquely suited to take up and transport large macromolecules, functions that differentiate them from blood vessels, allowing them to play a distinct role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Here, we focus on the mechanisms by which kidney diseases result in deleterious changes in intestinal lymphatics and consider a novel paradigm of a vicious cycle of detrimental organ cross talk. This concept involves kidney injury-induced modulation of intestinal lymphatics that promotes production and distribution of harmful factors, which in turn contributes to disease progression in distant organ systems.