tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Life Expectancy for White, Black, and Hispanic Race/Ethnicity in U.S. States: Trends and Disparities, 1990 to 2019
Authors: Catherine O. Johnson, Alexandra S. Boon-Dooley, Nicole K. DeCleene, Kiana F. Henny, Brigette F. Blacker, Jason A. Anderson, Ashkan Afshin, Aleksandr Aravkin, Matthew W. Cunningham, Joseph L. Dieleman, Rachel G. Feldman, Emmanuela Gakidou, Ali H. Mokdad, Mohsen Naghavi, Cory N. Spencer, Joanna L. Whisnant, Hunter Wade York, Rahul R. Zende, Peng Zheng, Christopher J.L. Murray, Gregory A. Roth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Life expectancy (LE) differences within and between states by race/ethnicity have not been examined.To estimate LE for selected race/ethnicity groups in states from 1990 to 2019.Cross-sectional time-series analysis.United States.Deidentified death records and Census data were used to construct regression models with smoothed time series of mortality from 1990 to 2019.LE at birth, by sex and year, for subgroups of people reporting Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, or non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity.Disparities in LE across states were 8.0 years for females and 12.2 years for males in 1990 and 7.9 years for females and 7.8 years for males in 2019. When race/ethnicity groups were accounted for, disparities across states were 20.7 years for females and 24.5 years for males in 1990, decreasing to 18.5 years for females and 23.7 years for males in 2019. Disparities across states increased within each race/ethnicity group between 1990 and 2019, with the largest increase for non-Hispanic White males and the smallest for Hispanic females. The disparity between race/ethnicity groups within states decreased for most of the 23 states with estimates for all 3 groups but increased for females in 7 states and males in 5 states.Because of small sample size, LE was not estimated for 37 of 153 state-race/ethnicity groups.Disparity in LE across states was greater when race/ethnicity groups were considered. Disparities across all state-race/ethnicity groups in general have decreased over the past 3 decades. Within each race/ethnicity group, disparities across states have increased. Although racial/ethnic disparities decreased in most of the 23 states for which LE was estimated for all 3 groups, they increased for females in 7 states and males in 5 states.National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
AB0519 ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC ALTERATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND CONTROLS.
Authors: M. A. Balderas-Palacios, J. R. Azpiri-López, D. Á. Galarza-Delgado, I. J. Colunga-Pedraza, A. N. Garza-Cisneros, A. Garcia-Heredia, N. Guajardo-Jauregui, A. B. Rodriguez-Romero, A. Cárdenas
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a high prevalence worldwide. Patients with SLE have a higher frequency of developing cardiovascular disease than the general population. There is little evidence on conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias in patients with SLE(1). Objectives The aim of this study is to compare electrocardiogram alterations in patients with SLE and a control group. Methods A cross-sectional, observational, comparative study was performed. A total of 70 patients with SLE, and 70 controls matched for age (± 5 years) and gender were recruited. An electrocardiogram was performed in all study subjects. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for distribution analysis. Comparisons were performed by Chi-square test for qualitative variables and Student’s t-test or Mann Whitney U test for quantitative variables. A p value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results In electrocardiogram findings, a significant difference was found in QRS segment duration (84.00 vs 89.50 ms, p=0.012), QT segment duration (397.01 vs 384.44 ms, p=0.016) and heart rate (68.60 vs 74.77, p=0.03) (Table 1). Table 1. ECG comparison between SLE and controls. Characteristics Pacientes with SLE(n=70) Controls(n=70) P Age (years), median (p25-p75) 35.0 (25.0-50.2) 35.0 (22.7-50.2) NS Female, n (%) 63 (90) 64 (91.4) NS QRS (ms), median(p25-p75) 89.50 (84.75-95.50) 84.00 (80.00-90.00) 0.012 QT (ms), mean ± SD 384.44 ± 30.84 397.01 ± 30.21 0.016 HR (Bpm), mean ± SD 74.77 ± 12.93 68.60 ± 11.25 0.003 ECG; electrocardiogram, SLE; systemic lupus erythematosus, NS; not significant, HR; heart rate, MS; milliseconds, BPM; beats per minute. Conclusion The results suggest that patients with SLE have increased QRS segment, increased heart rate and decreased QT segment duration, which may be related to disturbances of the conduction system. References [1]Tselios K, Gladman DD, Harvey P, Su J, Urowitz MB. Severe brady-arrhythmias in systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalence, etiology and associated factors. Lupus. 2018;27(9):1415–23. Disclosure of Interests None declared
Research priorities towards precision antibiotic therapy to improve patient care
Authors: Zackery P Bulman, Sebastian G Wicha, Elisabet I Nielsen, Justin R Lenhard, Roger L Nation, Ursula Theuretzbacher, Hartmut Derendorf, Thomas Tängdén, Markus Zeitlinger, Cornelia B Landersdorfer, Jürgen B Bulitta, Lena E Friberg, Jian Li, Brian T Tsuji
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2022)

Antibiotic resistance presents an incessant threat to our drug armamentarium that necessitates novel approaches to therapy. Over the past several decades, investigation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PKPD) principles has substantially improved our understanding of the relationships between the antibiotic, pathogen, and infected patient. However, crucial gaps in our understanding of the pharmacology of antibacterials and their optimal use in the care of patients continue to exist; simply attaining antibiotic exposures that are considered adequate based on traditional targets can still result in treatment being unsuccessful and resistance proliferation for some infections. It is this salient paradox that points to key future directions for research in antibiotic therapeutics. This Personal View discusses six priority areas for antibiotic pharmacology research: (1) antibiotic-pathogen interactions, (2) antibiotic targets for combination therapy, (3) mechanistic models that describe the time-course of treatment response, (4) understanding and modelling of host response to infection, (5) personalised medicine through therapeutic drug management, and (6) application of these principles to support development of novel therapies. Innovative approaches that enhance our understanding of antibiotic pharmacology and facilitate more accurate predictions of treatment success, coupled with traditional pharmacology research, can be applied at the population level and to individual patients to improve outcomes.
Atezolizumab With Neoadjuvant Anti–Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Therapy and Chemotherapy in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Early Breast Cancer: Primary Results of the Randomized Phase III IMpassion050 Trial
Authors: Jens Huober, Carlos H. Barrios, Naoki Niikura, Michał Jarząb, Yuan-Ching Chang, Shannon L. Huggins-Puhalla, José Pedrini, Lyudmila Zhukova, Vilma Graupner, Daniel Eiger, Volkmar Henschel, Nino Gochitashvili, Chiara Lambertini, Eleonora Restuccia, Hong Zhang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

Combining standard of care (pertuzumab-trastuzumab [PH], chemotherapy) with cancer immunotherapy may potentiate antitumor immunity, cytotoxic activity, and patient outcomes in high-risk, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive early breast cancer. We report the phase III IMpassion050 primary analysis of neoadjuvant atezolizumab, PH, and chemotherapy in these patients.Patients with a primary tumor of > 2 cm and histologically confirmed, positive lymph node status (T2-4, N1-3, M0) were randomly assigned 1:1 to atezolizumab/placebo with dose-dense doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide, followed by paclitaxel, and PH. After surgery, patients were to continue atezolizumab/placebo and PH (total: 1 year of HER2-targeted therapy); those with residual disease could switch to ado-trastuzumab emtansine with atezolizumab/placebo. Coprimary efficacy end points were pathologic complete response (pCR; ypT0/is ypN0) rates in intention-to-treat (ITT) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive populations.At clinical cutoff (February 5, 2021), pCR rates in the placebo and atezolizumab groups in the ITT populations were 62.7% (n = 143/228) and 62.4% (n = 141/226), respectively (difference -0.33%; 95% CI, -9.2 to 8.6; P = .9551). The pCR rates in the placebo and atezolizumab groups in patients with PD-L1-positive tumors were 72.5% (n = 79/109) and 64.2% (n = 70/109), respectively (difference -8.26%; 95% CI, -20.6 to 4.0; P = .1846). Grade 3-4 and serious adverse events were more frequent in the atezolizumab versus placebo group. Five grade 5 adverse events occurred (four neoadjuvant, one adjuvant; two assigned to study treatment), all with atezolizumab. Overall, the safety profile was consistent with that of atezolizumab in other combination studies.Atezolizumab with neoadjuvant dose-dense doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide-paclitaxel and PH for high-risk, HER2-positive early breast cancer did not increase pCR rates versus placebo in the ITT or PD-L1-positive populations. PH and chemotherapy remains standard of care; longer follow-up may help to inform the long-term impact of atezolizumab.
POS0826 CIRCULAR RNA EXPRESSION PROFILES AND IDENTIFICATION OF HSA_CIRC_0028381 AS A POTENTIAL BIOMARKER OF ANTI-NEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODY-ASSOCIATED VASCULITIS
Authors: Y. Liu, L. Jiang, X. Zhang
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)

Background Growing evidence indicated that dysregulated circRNAs play a vital role in autoimmune diseases. However, their role in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) has never been illustrated. Objectives This study aims to determine the expression profiles of circRNA in plasma of AAV patients and explore the potential of circRNA as biomarker of AAV. Methods RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to identify the circRNAs and mRNAs expression profiles in plasma from 5 AAV patients and 5 healthy controls (HCs). Hsa_circ_0028381, one of the four candidate circRNAs were validated by quantitative reverse-transcription (qRT)-PCR in a validation cohort of 51 AAV patients and 30 HCs and was confirmed to be significantly upregulated. And it was further verified in other connective tissue diseases (CTDs) by qRT-PCR. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic value. Results RNA expression profiles revealed that 143 circRNAs and 304 mRNAs were aberrantly expressed, among which, 62 circRNAs were upregulated and 81 circRNAs were downregulated in AAV patients compared to HCs. The result of qRT-PCR verification suggested that hsa_circ_0028381 was significantly increased in plasma from AAV patients compared to that in HCs and CTDs. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis showed has_circ_0028381 had a good diagnostic value to distinguish AAV patients from controls (HCs and other CTDs) with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81. In addition, has_circ_0028381 was associated with renal involvement. Most importantly, increased baseline level of has_circ_0028381 had a predictive value for renal progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Conclusion RNA-seq revealed that circRNAs were aberrantly expressed in plasma of AAV patients. Has_circ_0028381 might function as a potential biomarker for AAV diagnosis and renal prognosis. References [1]Jennette, J.C., et al., 2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum, 2013. 65 (1): p. 1-11. [2]Li, Y., et al., Circular RNA is enriched and stable in exosomes: a promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis. Cell Res, 2015. 25(8): p. 981-4. [3]Li, L.J., et al., Circular RNA expression profile and potential function of hsa_circ_0045272 in systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology, 2018. 155(1): p. 137-149. [4]Gou, S.J., et al., Alternative complement pathway activation products in urine and kidneys of patients with ANCA-associated GN. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 2013. 8(11): p. 1884-91. Disclosure of Interests None declared
AB0561 LONG-TERM PERSISTENCE OF ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES ANDASSESMENT RISK PROFILE IN WOMEN
Authors: I. Starodubtseva, N. Vereina, V. Chulkov, V. Chulkov, S. Sinitsin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)

Background The evidence supporting the prognostic role of risk assessment in antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) positive patients has been obtained from several studies. Objectives to assess the association of the persistence of APA ≥ 12 weeks in women with an initial score on the aGAPSS scale, the presence of double and triple antibodies and a history of thrombosis or obstetric events. Methods A total of 117 women were included in the case-control study: 44 patients with persistence ≥ 1 antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) for 12 or more weeks (сases); 73 patients with transient circulation of APA less than 12 weeks (controls). An initial examination of women with a subsequent persistence of antiphospholipid antibodies ≥ 12 weeks compared with their transient circulation revealed. Results A higher incidence of arterial and venous thrombosis events, and a history of placenta-associated obstetric complications were observed in women with persistence of APA ≥ 12 weeks compared to transient circulation of APA, as well as a higher laboratory risk profile (double and triple positivity of APA. Overall, significantly higher aGAPSS were seen in women with persistence of APA ≥ 12 weeks compared to those with transient circulation of APA (7.37 ± 3.5 vs. 4.8 ± 0.6, p&lt;0.05). Conclusion The aGAPSS scale is an additional tool available in clinical practice to clarify the risk profile in patients with APA-positivity in order to choose an adequate antithrombotic strategy. Future studies should evaluate the informativeness of the scale and determine cut-off points for predicting thrombosis and obstetric events. Disclosure of Interests None declared
SARS-CoV-2 exposures of healthcare workers from primary care, long-term care facilities and hospitals: a nationwide matched case-control study
Authors: Martin Belan, Tiffany Charmet, Laura Schaeffer, Sarah Tubiana, Xavier Duval, Jean-Christophe Lucet, Arnaud Fontanet, Gabriel Birgand, Solen Kernéis
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2022)
AB1259 THE NEUTROPHIL-TO-LYMPHOCYTE AND THE PLATELET-TO-LYMPHOCYTE RATIOS AS INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS
Authors: D. Ben Nessib, R. Ben Aissa, H. Ferjani, A. Dghaies, W. Triki, K. Maatallah, D. Kaffel, W. Hamdi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)

Background The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have recently emerged as potential indicators of systemic inflammation in chronic rheumatic diseases such as polymyalgia rheumatica, rheumatoid arthritis, and spondyloarthritis. Objectives To investigate the value of NLR and PLR as inflammatory markers in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and to explore possible associations with disease activity parameters. Methods We enrolled 29 patients with JIA according to International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) criteria. Tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC) and laboratory tests were retrospectively collected from medical records. Disease activity was also assessed by the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS). All data were checked for normality by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The Spearman correlation was used for data analysis and p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results A total of 54 consultations (29 at baseline and 25 at the last follow-up consultations) of 29 patients were included in our study. The mean age was 13.1±4.2 years [4-21] and the sex ratio of males to females was 1.07. JIA subtypes were: enthesis-related arthritis (n=12), polyarthritis (n=7), oligoarthritis (n=6), undifferentiated (n=3) and psoriatic arthritis (n=1). At baseline 51,73% of the patients were not under treatment, 34.49% were under non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and 13.8% under methotrexate (MTX). At the last follow-up consultation 41.38% of the patients were under MTX, 34.49% under NSAIDS and 10.35% under Etanercept. At baseline, NLR1 was positively correlated with TJC1 (p=0.022, r=0.424) and SJC1 (p=0.014, r=0.453) but not with C-reactive protein CRP1 (p=0.512) neither erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR1 (0.096) nor disease activity scores JADAS-CRP1 (p=0.063) and JADAS-ESR1 (p=0.091). PLR1 was positively correlated with SJC1 (p=0.004, r=0.521) and both disease activity scores JADAS-CRP1 (p=0.026, r=0.462) and JADAS-ESR1 (p=0.052, r=0.364). At the follow-up consultations only PLR2 was positively correlated to CRP2 (p=0.045, r=0.404). No correlation was noted between NLR2 and PLR2 and JADAS-CRP2 (p=0.281, p=0.063) and JADAS-ESR2 (p=0.324, p=0.082). Conclusion Our study suggests that NLR and PLR may be used as assessment tools of disease activity in patients with JIA. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results and to explore the value of these ratios in the follow-up and the prognosis of JIA. Disclosure of Interests None declared
AB0431 THE EFFICACY OF BELIMUMAB (BEL) AS A SPARING CORTICOSTEROID AGENCY IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE)
Authors: K. Inoue, K. Misaki, N. Dobashi, M. Yabe, Y. Mako, Y. Tarutani, Y. Imaizumi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)

Background Patients with SLE are recommended to continue the maintenance therapy with as less glucocorticoid as possible.1) However, tapering glucocorticoid often results in the recurrence of SLE. Current reports suggested that adding BEL to the standard therapy could lead to the reduction of glucocorticoid and the recurrence of SLE.2) Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of BEL as co-treatment in the standard therapy of SLE. Methods Fourteen patients receiving the maintenance therapy of SLE were enrolled in this study. Dose of prednisolone (PSL), titer of anti-DNA antibody, WBC count, serum complement and SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) were examined retrospectively at baseline and 24 months after administration of BEL. Results At the baseline, the mean age of patients was 48 years old, 11 patients were female, and the mean disease duration was 8.6 years. The mean dose of PSL was significantly reduced (meansease apre-administration of BEL:6.1±1.1 mg/day, 24 months after administration of BEL: 1.2 the baseline, p=0.001 ). Furthermore, six patients (43 %) could withdraw PSL without the flare of the disease. There were also statistical significance about SLEDAI between baseline and after treatment by BEL(2.1patients (43 %) c p=0.03 ) and the titer of anti-DNA antibody (6.8 withdraw PSL without t p=0.03 ). There were no statistical significant in WBC count (6177out the fla7e of the d p=0.24 ) and serum complement (C3 87significant in WBC count (61 p=0.78 , C4 20erum complement (C3 87signif p=0.54 ). As for adverse event, bacterial pneumonia (n=1) and pulmonary cryptococcosis (n=1) was revealed. Conclusion Our study is suggested that co-treatment with BEL on standard SLE therapy was enable to prevent the flare of SLE and reduce the dose of PSL with statistical significance among the patients under the maintenance treatment of SLE. In almost half of the cases, patients could withdraw PSL without the flare. References [1] Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78: 736-745. [2] Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77: 355-745. Disclosure of Interests None declared
AB0276 COMPARISON OF METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION-ASSOCIATED FATTY LIVER DISEASE WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN IDENTIFYING CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN CHINESE INDIVIDUALS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Y. W. Zou, Q. H. Li, J. W. Gao, J. Pan, J. D. Ma, L. F. Chen, J. Lin, Y. Mo, X. Zhang, P. M. Liu, L. Dai
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)

Background The nomenclature from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is considered to identify more cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in general population, and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) carry an excess risk for CVD. Objectives To compare MAFLD with NAFLD in identifying CVD risk in RA patients. Methods Clinical data from a Chinese RA cohort were retrospectively analyzed. Hepatic steatosis was defined by abdominal ultrasound examination. CVD risk in RA patients was estimated by the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China. Results Among 513 included RA patients, 78.4% were female and the mean ± SD age was 51.8 ± 12.6 years. The prevalence of MAFLD and NAFLD was 21.4% and 20.5%, respectively. 10.9% RA patients concomitated with CVD events and 32.4% had a high 10-year CVD risk. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that both MAFLD and NAFLD were associated with an increase in CVD events (MAFLD: AOR = 2.303 [95% CI 1.197, 4.429]; NAFLD: AOR = 2.478 [95% CI 1.185, 4.779] and high 10-year CVD risk (MAFLD: AOR = 3.184 [95% CI 1.777, 5.705]; NAFLD: AOR = 2.870 [95% CI 1.597, 5.156]; all p &lt; 0.05). The NRI and IDI was -0.011 (95% CI -0.025, 0.003) and -0.002 (95% CI -0.007, 0.002) for CVD events, and 0.012 (95% CI -0.014, 0.038) and 0.005 (95% CI -0.003, 0.013; all p &gt; 0.05) for high 10-year CVD risk, which indicated no additional CVD events and high 10-years CVD risk were identified when replacing NAFLD with MAFLD in RA patients. Conclusion Both MAFLD and NAFLD are associated with an increased CVD risk which implies the importance of early detection and management of MAFLD or NAFLD in RA patients. However, new nomenclature of MAFLD identify no additional CVD risk in RA patients. Financial support: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81971527, 82171780 and 82101892), Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (No. 202102010188 and 201904010088), and Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No. 2019A1515011928 and 2020A1515110061). Figure 1. The prevalence of MAFLD and NAFLD in RA patients with different stratification. The prevalence in different genders (A) and ages groups (B); The prevalence in different disease activity groups (C) and disease duration (D); remission (CDAI ≤ 2.8); active (CDAI &gt; 2.8). Disclosure of Interests None declared