tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The impact of heat waves and cold spells on mortality rates in the Dutch population.
Authors: M M Huynen, P Martens, D Schram, M P Weijenberg, A E Kunst
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

We conducted the study described in this paper to investigate the impact of ambient temperature on mortality in the Netherlands during 1979-1997, the impact of heat waves and cold spells on mortality in particular, and the possibility of any heat wave- or cold spell-induced forward displacement of mortality. We found a V-like relationship between mortality and temperature, with an optimum temperature value (e.g., average temperature with lowest mortality rate) of 16.5 degrees C for total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality, and mortality among those [Greater and equal to] 65 year of age. For mortality due to malignant neoplasms and mortality in the youngest age group, the optimum temperatures were 15.5 degrees C and 14.5 degrees C, respectively. For temperatures above the optimum, mortality increased by 0.47, 1.86, 12.82, and 2.72% for malignant neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, respiratory diseases, and total mortality, respectively, for each degree Celsius increase above the optimum in the preceding month. For temperatures below the optimum, mortality increased 0.22, 1.69, 5.15, and 1.37%, respectively, for each degree Celsius decrease below the optimum in the preceding month. Mortality increased significantly during all of the heat waves studied, and the elderly were most effected by extreme heat. The heat waves led to increases in mortality due to all of the selected causes, especially respiratory mortality. Average total excess mortality during the heat waves studied was 12.1%, or 39.8 deaths/day. The average excess mortality during the cold spells was 12.8% or 46.6 deaths/day, which was mostly attributable to the increase in cardiovascular mortality and mortality among the elderly. The results concerning the forward displacement of deaths due to heat waves were not conclusive. We found no cold-induced forward displacement of deaths.
Arsenite of Copper in Bowel Troubles.
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Privileged Communication and Confidentiality in the Research Situation
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rheumatic fever in Mississippi. 104 Cases seen over a decade
Authors: V. R. Pilapil
Journal: JAMA (1971)

One hundred and four cases of rheumatic fever occurring in patients below the age of 16 years were seen during a ten-year period. The disease was more common in girls and in Negroes. The major findings were carditis, arthritis, and chorea. The disease was severe in many patients, and the mortality was 34% (24 patients) for those with carditis. There were some indications that poor socioeconomic conditions were significant in the occurrence of the disease and its frequent severity among the patients seen.
Book Review Researches in Polynesia and Melanesia . An Account of Investigations in Samoa, Tonga, the Ellice Group, and the New Hebrides, in 1924, 1925. Parts V-VII. By Patrick A. Buxton, M.R.C.S., D.T.M. &amp; H. Published by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, W. C. 1, November, 1928.
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1929)
Soviets attack alcohol problem anew, this time armed with 'perestroika'
Authors: T. F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1987)

IN MAY 1985, barely two months after entering office, General Secretary of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Mikhail Gorbachev signed into law the resolution "On Measures to Overcome Drunkenness and Alcoholism." Shortly thereafter, the Council of Ministers created a new government agency, the All-Union Voluntary Temperance Promotion Society. As some of the first acts of his administration, those measures have become a major symbol of Gorbachev's revolutionary reforms designed to restructure Soviet society, Soviet specialists say. James West, MD, a general surgeon who helped perform the world's first organ transplant, is standing on the platform at the gleaming white train station in Simferopol, the largest city in the Crimea. Together with four compatriots, West, the personal emissary of former First Lady Betty Ford, is being met by an official delegation. (West, 73, is now medical director of the Betty Ford Center, Rancho Mirage, Calif.) It is 6:30 in the
'Decade of brain' holds promise for answers to schizophrenia
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1990)

THE "Decade of the Brain" decreed by Congress (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:2201) lies ahead. Before the decade ushers in a new millennium, answers will be found to many of the questions surrounding schizophrenia. Or at least that is the hope of researchers, as expressed in Tulsa, Okla, at the inaugural symposium ("Schizophrenia: New Frontiers in Research and Treatment") of Laureate Psychiatric Clinic and Hospital (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:2028). The site of the symposium is the nation's newest psychiatric and substance-abuse care facility for adults, adolescents, and children, which just began admitting patients this year. Dwight Holden, MD, is chief executive officer and medical director, and Laureate has the support of the William K. Warren Foundation, named for the late Tulsa oil executive. <h3>Many Answers Needed</h3> As far as schizophrenia is concerned, it remains to be seen, of course, whether research in the next few years will provide the "mosaic of many answers" that National
Dietary intake and cell membrane levels of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk of primary cardiac arrest
Authors: D. S. Siscovick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess whether the dietary intake of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from seafood, assessed both directly and indirectly through a biomarker, is associated with a reduced risk of primary cardiac arrest. <h3>Design.</h3> —Population-based case-control study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Seattle and suburban King County, Washington. <h3>Participants</h3> —A total of 334 case patients with primary cardiac arrest, aged 25 to 74 years, attended by paramedics during 1988 to 1994 and 493 population-based control cases and controls, matched for age and sex, randomly identified from the community. All cases and controls were free of prior clinical heart disease, major comorbidity, and use of fish oil supplements. <h3>Measures of Exposure.</h3> —Spouses of case patients and control subjects were interviewed to quantify dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake from seafood during the prior month and other clinical characteristics. Blood specimens from 82 cases (collected in the field) and 108 controls were analyzed to determine red blood cell membrane fatty acid composition, a biomarker of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake. <h3>Results.</h3> —Compared with no dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (C<sub>20:5n-3</sub>) and docosahexaenoic acid (C<sub>22:6n-3</sub>), an intake of 5.5 g of n-3 fatty acids per month (the mean of the third quartile and the equivalent of one fatty fish meal per week) was associated with a 50% reduction in the risk of primary cardiac arrest (odds ratio [OR], 0.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4 to 0.8), after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Compared with a red blood cell membrane n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid level of 3.3% of total fatty acids (the mean of the lowest quartile), a red blood cell n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid level of 5.0% of total fatty acids (the mean of the third quartile) was associated with a 70% reduction in the risk of primary cardiac arrest (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.6). <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from seafood is associated with a reduced risk of primary cardiac arrest. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1363-1367)
When Are Studies Adequate for Regulatory Purposes? View of One Regulated
Authors: Merle Bundy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

The question of adequacy of studies for regulatory purposes has been debated for years. Nine questions need answers to determine adequacy: (1) Does the study deal with a defined problem or a defined segment of it? (2) Do the study data justify the conclusions drawn? (3) Were appropriate statistical analyses used? Is there evidence of bias versus objectivity in the collection or analysis of data? (4) Does the study support, supplement (or complement) or refute information in the literature? Is the study truly new information? (5) Does the study conform to the Interagency Regulatory Liaison Group (IRLG) guidelines for documentation of Epidemiologic Studies? (6) Does the study stand up to peer review? (7) Have other investigators been able to confirm the findings by duplicating the study? (8) Is the study acceptable or can it be made acceptable for publication in a reputable scientific journal? (9) Is the problem of such magnitude or significance that regulation is required? Because there is no such thing as a risk-free environment or absolute safety and there is no definitive "yes" answer to each of the questions, the regulated would hope--yes, insist--that the regulators exercise judgement with great skill in promulgation of rules or regulations. The application of safety factors and the determination of acceptable levels of risk should be social decisions. A discussion of instances where the "regulated" believes that studies have not been adequate, or others habe been ignored, or misinterpreted for regulatory purposes in included.A method of settling controversial questions to eliminate the litigation route is proposed. Judgment which is so often eliminated by regulation needs to find its way back into the regulatory process. The regulated recognize the need for regulations. However, when these regulations are based on less than good scientific judgment, harm will be done to the regulatory process itself in the long run.
King
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Changes in the Hearing of Personnel Exposed to High Intensity Continuous Noise
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
1965-1995: Medicare at a crossroads
Authors: B. Thomas
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>How Medicare Grew</h3> In 1965, after years of debate, Republicans and Democrats joined to pass legislation establishing the Medicare program. Designed originally to provide health insurance coverage for America's low-income elderly, the program has since been expanded beyond its initial scope. Medicare now covers nearly all Americans over the age of 65 and includes benefits not envisioned by the original intent of the program, which have increased costs to the taxpayer and skewed the original sharing formula between the government and beneficiary. We are to the point now where on the 30th anniversary of the establishment of Medicare we are faced with a fundamental challenge: how to make the Medicare Hospital Trust Fund solvent and improve the program through additional choices for our Medicare beneficiaries. Medicare Part A was designed originally in 1965 to pay for the in-hospital expenses of America's seniors. It was set up to be a self-supporting
The Principles of Treatment and Their Application in Practical Medicine.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DRUG AD 'DATA ON FILE' NEED SCRUTINY
Authors: None J.S.
Journal: JAMA (1997)

A FEW YEARS ago, Andrew Herxheimer, FRCP, of the United Kingdom Cochrane Centre in London, England, became curious about the fine print in the many pharmaceutical advertisements that cite references to unpublished material, labeled "data on file," to support claims made in the ads. He wondered about what kind of data were being referenced to support the ads' claims and how easy it would be for the average reader of the journals carrying the ads to obtain the information. To investigate, he combed through recent issues of medical journals, mostly 2 publications aimed at general practitioners in the United Kingdom, Hospital Doctor and Prescriber. He found 38 different full-page ads from 28 companies that cited between 1 and 3 references to "data on file" to support claims made in the text of the ad. "Unpublished material from companies is not readily accessible and hasn't to my knowledge been examined systematically,"
<i>Announcement:</i> World Water Day — March 22, 2017
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

World Water Day is sponsored by the United Nations and observed each year on March 22. This year, World Water Day focuses on wastewater, which includes sewage, storm water, and discarded water used in the community (1). Many developing countries have inadequate wastewater management strategies because they lack resources, infrastructure, available technology, or space. Untreated wastewater in these countries is often disposed of directly into rivers, lakes, or oceans, polluting the environment and increasing the risk for disease transmission (2).
Mortality and Ambient Fine Particles in Southwest Mexico City, 1993-1995
Authors: Victor H. Borja-Aburto, Margarita Castillejos, Diane R. Gold, Silvia Bierzwinski, Dana Loomis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Children are highly susceptible to deleterious effects of environmental toxins. Those who live in underserved communities may be particularly at risk because environmental pollution has been found to be disproportionately distributed among communities. Mounting evidence suggests that asthma rates are rising and that this disease can be caused or aggravated by air pollution. Although ambient air quality has generally improved, these improvements have not reached minority communities in equal proportions. This and other data has fueled the concept of environmental justice or environmental equity, which has led to community activism and government actions. One possible example of environmental inequity and its consequences is the Hunt's Point community, in the South Bronx, New York. This community experiences a high pollution burden with the siting of facilities that emit hazardous wastes into the air. Our approach to this problem has been the formation of mechanisms for bidirectional communication between community residents, government entities, and academic institutions such as Mount Sinai Medical Center. As a result of this experience, we believe that the key to achieving environmental health, especially in communities of color where many children are at risk, is to empower residents to take charge of their environment by providing relevant educational opportunities. Strategies for environmental health education include multitiered training approaches that include community residents, parent education, direct children education, and community education through professional counselors and train-the-trainer approaches. We propose that academic researchers must use community residents not just as subjects of our studies, but to increase our mutual understanding of environmental health, resulting in active participation of community members in research design, data collection, analysis, and dissemination of results in order to make intervention strategies more effective.
The Officers of the Massachusetts Medical Society
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1933)

cess, which must be economical, if the result corresponds with the account of the inventor.He introduces eighteen parts of prussiate of potass and iron, reduced to a very fine powder, into a small tubulated glass retort, taking care not to soil the neck or side.He adapts to this vessel a very small tubulated balloon, furnished with a conducting tube, which he plunges into the first flask, containing a little distilled water.The rest of the appa- ratus is contrived so as to avoid absorption.This being done, he pours into the retort a cold mixture, of nine parts of concen- trated sulphuric acid and twelve parts of water.The tube of the retort is to be hermetically secured ; the whole left at rest for twelve hours, at the commencement of which the balloon is to be surrounded with ice ; the neck of the retort is to be con- stantly cooled with wet cloths ; afterwards the materials are to- be heated with some burning charcoal, and preserved in this state until the streaks, which are observed in the neck of the retort, become more rare, and until a blue vapour arises, which threatens to pass into the receiver.At this point, the heat is immediately discontinued ; the apparatus is allowed to cool en- tirely, and the contents of the receiver are poured into a proper vessel.The hydrocyanic acid obtained by this process has a strong and penetrating odour; the specific gravity is from 0.898 to 0.900, at the temperature of 13 or 14 of Reaumur; it like- wise possesses, according to M. Pessena, all the properties of the purest prussic acid.'-(Giornalede Física, 1822.)M.