tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1726: Genome-Wide Cell-Specific Gene Expression Analysis Identifies the Involvement of the Adipocytokine Signalling Pathway in Atherosclerotic Plaque Rupture
Authors: Kelvin Lee, Tuomo Polvikoski, Daniel Birchall, Mauro Santibanez-Koref, Alexander D Mendelow, Bernard D Keavney
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The molecular mechanisms leading to plaque rupture are poorly understood. Genome-wide gene expression studies may reveal novel causal molecular pathways. METHODS: Snap-frozen human atherosclerotic plaques removed at carotid endarterectomy were designated as stable or ruptured using stringent clinical, radiological and histopathological criteria. Accurate gene expression profiling of macrophages in 5 ruptured and 6 stable plaques was conducted by employing Laser Micro-Dissection to specifically isolate this cell type from the plaques. High quality RNA was amplified and hybridised to the genome-wide Affymetrix U133plus2 microarray. RESULTS: Exploratory clustering by Principal Components Analysis showed the data to cluster into 2 distinct groups- stable and ruptured. We identified 889 statistically significant differentially expressed genes between the two groups (Fig.1 ). Genes involved in lipid processing, signalling, apoptosis, immune response and extracellular matrix were found to play a role in plaque rupture. Pathway analysis identified the Adipocytokine Signalling Pathway to be the most significantly represented cell signalling pathway (p&lt;0.0006). The microarray findings were technically validated by real-time qPCR (Pearson Correlation R=0.94) and biologically cross-validated on a larger number of samples successfully (n=25). Immunocytochemical staining confirmed the differential Leptin expression in macrophages of ruptured and stable plaques. CONCLUSION: The involvement of Leptin and the Adipocytokine Signalling Pathway in macrophages in plaque rupture has been implicated here for the first time and may be a potential therapeutic target. Figure 1. Heatmap of 889 statistically significant differentially expressed genes (red for high expression, green for low expression) with the top 20 most highly expressed genes in ruptured and stable groups listed.
Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus: Incidence and prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma in a North American urban population*1
Authors: M SHERMAN
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Objective: To prospectively determine the prevalence and annual incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B carriers in a heterogeneous urban North American population and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of tests used for screening for this cancer. Design: Prospective cohort study of 1,069 chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus using screening with a-fetoprotein alone or in combination with ultrasonography every 6 months. Results: The mean age of the cohort was 39 ± 12 years (± SD), 65% were men, 71% were Asians. At the first screening visit, serum α-fetoprotein was ≥20 μg/ L in 4%. In those subjects who were also screened by ultrasonography during the first visit, 9% were found to have focal lesions. Only 3 subjects were found to have hepatocellular carcinoma at the first screening, giving a prevalence of 281/100,000 chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus. The cohort was followed for 2,340 person-years (mean, 26 months follow-up, with a range from 6 to 60 months). During this period, 11 more subjects, 10 men and 1 woman, were diagnosed to have hepatocellular carcinoma (annual incidence, 470/100,000). In men only, the annual incidence was 657/100,000. During the study, 5 subjects died from hepatocellular carcinoma (annual mortality rate, 214/100,000). Sensitivity and specificity of serum α-fetoprotein > 20 μg/L were 64.3% and 91.4%, respectively. For ultrasonography, sensitivity was 78.8% and specificity 93.8%. Conclusions: These data suggest that the incidence and prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B carriers in our area, an urban North American setting, are as high as in countries where hepatitis B is endemic. Current screening tests have significant false-positive and false-negative rates, raising questions about the cost-benefit of screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in our study population.
Journal of Applied Physiology, Washington
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Safe and Sound?
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS
Authors: MAJOR H. C. FRENCH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1908)

Journal Article THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS Get access MAJOR H. C. FRENCH, R.A.M.C., Woolwich. MAJOR H. C. FRENCH, R.A.M.C., Woolwich. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 20, Issue 12, 1 December 1908, Pages 394–405, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1908.tb16541.x Published: 01 December 1908
Stab wounds of the spinal cord.
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Diuretics have revolutionised the management of patients with heart failure, and they are one of the most useful treatments for hypertension.They should be used, however, only where there is a good clinical indication and adequate facilities exist for clinical and biochemical follow-up.Potassium supplements or a potassium-conserving diuretic should be given to all patients receiving digitalis and diuretics concurrently, and the combination can probably be justified in most other elderly patients on diuretics.
Elastin and Collagen Degradation Products in Urine of Smokers With and Without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Phillip J. Stone, Daniel J. Gottlieb, George T. O'Connor, David E. Ciccolella, Raphael Breuer, Julianne Bryan-Rhadfi, Heather A. Shaw, Carl Franzblau, Gordon L. Snider
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

It has been hypothesized that emphysema results from damage to the elastic fiber network of the lungs as a result of elastase-antielastase imbalance. We used a new assay for urinary desmosine (DES) and isodesmosine (IDES), specific markers for the degradation of mature crosslinked elastin, and hydroxylysyl-pyridinoline (HP) and lysylpyridinoline (LP), specific markers for the degradation of mature crosslinked collagen, in order to examine elastin and collagen degradation in relation to current cigarette smoking and the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study sample consisted of 22 never-smokers (NSM group), 13 current smokers without airflow obstruction (SM group), and 21 patients with COPD (COPD group), including both current and former smokers. The relation between the creatinine-height index and FEV1 was used to correct for possible loss of muscle mass and decreased excretion of creatinine in the COPD group. Mean urinary excretion of elastin-derived crosslinks in the COPD group (DES, 11.8 ± 5.1 [mean ± SD]; IDES, 11.3 ± 5.0 μg/g creatinine) and in the SM group (DES, 11.0 ± 4.2; IDES, 10.2 ± 2.5 μg/g creatinine) was significantly higher than in the NSM group (DES, 7.5 ± 1.4; IDES, 6.9 ±1.3 μg/g creatinine). In multivariate analysis, current smoking and the presence of COPD were significantly and independently associated with higher urinary excretion of elastin degradation products, and there was no significant interaction between current smoking and the presence of COPD. Urinary excretion of HP and LP in the COPD group was significantly higher than in the SM and the NSM groups (51.5 ± 24.9, 31.1 ± 8.3, and 24.9 ± 6.1 nmol/mmol creatinine, respectively, for HP and 12.9 ± 5.9, 7.0 ± 1.5, and 4.9 ± 2.0 nmol/mmol creatinine, respectively, for LP). After adjusting for the effect of sex, urinary HP excretion in the SM group was significantly greater than in the NSM group. Because urinary LP is almost exclusively derived from bone collagen degradation, urinary LP can be used to calculate the relative amounts of bone and soft-tissue-derived HP. The excess HP excretion in the SM and the COPD groups was derived from bone collagen turnover. We conclude that COPD and current smoking are independently associated with elevated elastin and collagen degradation. The excess elastin and collagen degradation associated with COPD appears to persist even after the cessation of smoking.
Effects of Micronutrients on Metal Toxicity
Authors: Marjorie A. Peraza, Felix Ayala-Fierro, David S. Barber, Elizabeth Casarez, Leonard T. Rael
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

There is growing evidence that micronutrient intake has a significant effect on the toxicity and carcinogenesis caused by various chemicals.This paper examines the effect of micronutrient status on the toxicity of four nonessential metals: cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic.Unfortunately, few studies have directly examined the effect of dietary deficiency or supplementation on metal toxicity.More commonly, the effect of dietary alteration must be deduced from the results of mechanistic studies.We have chosen to separate the effect of micronutrients on toxic metals into three classes: interaction between essential micronutrients and toxic metals during uptake, binding, and excretion; influence of micronutrients on the metabolism of toxic metals; and effect of micronutrients on secondary toxic effects of metals.Based on data from mechanistic studies, the ability of micronutrients to modulate the toxicity of metals is indisputable.Micronutrients interact with toxic metals at several points in the body: absorption and excretion of toxic metals; transport of metals in the body; binding to target proteins; metabolism and sequestration of toxic metals; and finally, in secondary mechanisms of toxicity such as oxidative stress.Therefore, people eating a diet deficient in micronutrients will be predisposed to toxicity from nonessential metals.
THE YELLOW FEVER EPIDEMIC OF 1888.
Journal: JAMA (1889)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SAN FRANCISCO'S MAYOR AND BOARD OF HEALTH.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Different quasi-species of hepatitis C virus infect peripheral lymphocytes, intra-hepatic lymphocytes and hepatocytes JJ Jiang, M Gigou, D Samuel, M Reyn�s*, H Bismuth, . Hepato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Pathology*, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif 94800 France
Journal: Hepatology (1995)
UNGRATUITOUS SERVICES TO FELLOW PHYSICIANS.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
News About the Newborn and Unborn
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Second drug firm found guilty of “switching” patients to new drugs
Journal: BMJ (2004)

ConclusionsOur findings confirm advancing paternal age as a strong independent risk factor for schizophrenia and indicate that 15.5% of cases of schizophrenia in our cohort could be due to the patient having a father who was aged > 30 years at birth.We found a stronger association in subjects without a family history of schizophrenia, providing further evidence to support the theory that accumulating de novo mutations in the germ cells of older fathers might contribute to an increased risk of schizophrenia in their offspring.In England and Wales the average paternal age has increased from 29.2 years in 1980 to 32.1 in 2002. 20 Assuming a background annual incidence rate for schizophrenia of 10/100 000 21 and that the association is causal, our results suggest that the increase in paternal age since 1980 could account for 710 out of the 6633 new cases of schizophrenia diagnosed in the United Kingdom in 2002.
Population Registries and Other Record Resources for Epidemiologic Cancer Research in the United States and Japan
Authors: Tomio Hirohata
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

On the basis of the author's experience in epidemiologic studies on cancer in both the United States and Japan for the last 15 years, advantages and disadvantages of various record systems that can be utilized for epidemiologic cancer studies in these two countries are compared. Both countries are equally well provided with vital statistics and census records. Descriptive studies can be conducted without difficulties in both countries. For analytic studies, the Koseki record or family registration system in Japan provides an excellent tool in tracing subjects. However, Japanese record systems have problems as to management of hospital records, preservation of death certificates, etc. On the whole, restrospective cohort studies, particularly studies on patients, are more difficult in Japan than in the United States. There appear to be no material differences between these two countires as to case-control studies.
SARCOIDOSIS
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cartilage Structure as a Risk Factor for Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Sok Thim, Sun Meas, Sina Cambodian, Health Committee, Phnom Penh, Eunice Tsai, Julio Delgado, Adrienne Shapiro, Clifton Barry, Anne Goldfeld
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Comment.The CHC program achieved case detection rates among the highest in the world. 5CHC strategies to improve treatment compliance, case detection, and cure overcame numerous barriers presented by previous methods, including restricted access to health care facilities in rural areas, the economic burdens of hospitalization and travel to HHC, and low visibility of health workers in the community.To our knowledge, this program is unique in using poverty reduction as a component of community-based tuberculosis treatment.The village banks reduced poverty in the community at large and simultaneously increased the visibility of health workers and the CHC program, thus presumably increasing awareness of TB symptoms within the community, reducing diseaseassociated stigma, and improving case detection and treatment adherence in conjunction with patient supporters.Active case-finding by the CHC resulted in a marked increase in case detection, suggesting that in extremely highprevalence areas such as Cambodia this approach can be a productive component of TB programs, particularly in the initial stages of a program's expansion into a previously unserved area.The decreased time to diagnosis seen in Home DOTS is notable since earlier detection and treatment of TB leads to reduced disease transmission, improved pulmonary fitness, increased ability to work, and to other, unquantifiable, benefits.
Reply:
Authors: Zhiping Li
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

We appreciate the comment of Feng and colleagues regarding the effects of leptin on regulatory T cells (Tregs). We also believe that the hepatic Treg depletion in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is likely multifactorial, including increased oxidative stress and elevated leptin levels. A recent study shows that leptin suppresses proliferation of Tregs.1 Leptin-deficient ob/ob mice have increased number of Tregs in peripheral1 and lymphoid organs.2 However, ob/ob mouse may not be an ideal model to study the role of Tregs in NAFLD. The number of Tregs in the liver of ob/ob mice is the result of the combined effects of increased oxidative stress (which increases Treg apoptosis) and leptin deficiency (which increases Treg proliferation). Our results in a study with similar hepatic Treg proliferation in diet-induced steatosis indicated little impact of increased leptin on Treg proliferation.3 In fact, our preliminary results indicated there was no significant difference in the number of hepatic Tregs between ob/ob mice and their lean littermates (unpublished data). Unlike obese humans with elevated leptin levels, absence of leptin in ob/ob mice has a significant immunoregulatory response, as mentioned above. Mice with diet-induced obesity and NAFLD resemble the human model of metabolic syndrome. Zhiping Li M.D.*, * Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.