tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantification of myocardial extracellular volume without blood sampling
Authors: Wensu Chen, Alessandro Faragli, Collin Goetze, Victoria Zieschang, Karl Jakob Weiss, Djawid Hashemi, Rebecca Beyer, Lorena Hafermann, Philipp Stawowy, Sebastian Kelle, Patrick Doeblin
Journal:  (2023)

Aims Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) T1 relaxation time mapping is an established technique primarily used to identify diffuse interstitial fibrosis and oedema. The myocardial extracellular volume (ECV) can be calculated from pre- and post-contrast T1 relaxation times and is a reproducible parametric index of the proportion of volume occupied by non-cardiomyocyte components in myocardial tissue. The conventional calculation of the ECV requires blood sampling to measure the haematocrit (HCT). Given the high variability of the HCT, the blood collection is recommended within 24 h of the CMR scan, limiting its applicability and posing a barrier to the clinical routine use of ECV measurements. In recent years, several research groups have proposed a method to determine the ECV by CMR without blood sampling. This is based on the inverse relationship between the T1 relaxation rate (R1) of blood and the HCT. Consequently, a ‘synthetic’ HCT could be estimated from the native blood R1, avoiding blood sampling. Methods and results We performed a review and meta-analysis of published studies on synthetic ECV, as well as a secondary analysis of previously published data to examine the effect of the chosen regression modell on bias. While, overall, a good correlation and little bias between synthetic and conventional ECV were found in these studies, questions regarding its accuracy remain. Conclusion Synthetic HCT and ECV can provide a ‘non-invasive’ quantitative measurement of the myocardium’s extracellular space when timely HCT measurements are not available and large alterations in ECV are expected, such as in cardiac amyloidosis. Due to the dependency of T1 relaxation times on the local setup, calculation of local formulas using linear regression is recommended, which can be easily performed using available data.
Genomic Staging of Multifocal Lung Squamous Cell Carcinomas Is Independent of the Comprehensive Morphologic Assessment
Authors: Sanja Dacic, Xuanye Cao, Neus Bota-Rabassedas, Beatriz Sanchez-Espiridion, Sabina Berezowska, Yuchen Han, Jin-Haeng Chung, Mary Beth Beasley, Lin Dongmei, David Hwang, Mari Mino-Kenudson, Yuko Minami, Mauro Papotti, Natasha Rekhtman, Anja C. Roden, Erik Thunnissen, Ming-Sound Tsao, Yasushi Yatabe, Akihiko Yoshida, Linghua Wang, Douglas J. Hartman, Jacob A. Jerome, Humam Kadara, Teh-Ying Chou, Ignacio I. Wistuba
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2023)
Field Cancerization Is Associated with Tumor Development, T-cell Exhaustion, and Clinical Outcomes in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Trine Strandgaard, Iver Nordentoft, Karin Birkenkamp-Demtröder, Liina Salminen, Frederik Prip, Julie Rasmussen, Tine Ginnerup Andreasen, Sia Viborg Lindskrog, Emil Christensen, Philippe Lamy, Michael Knudsen, Torben Steiniche, Jørgen Bjerggaard Jensen, Lars Dyrskjøt
Journal: European Urology (2023)

Field cancerization is characterized by areas of normal tissue affected by mutated clones. Bladder field cancerization may explain the development and recurrence of bladder cancer and may be associated with treatment outcomes.
Completeness of Resection and Long-Term Survival of Patients Undergoing Resection for Pathologic T3 NSCLC: An International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Analysis
Authors: Paula A Ugalde Figueroa, Edouard Marques, Vanessa J Cilento, Dorothy J Giroux, Katherine K Nishimura, Frank C Detterbeck, Paul Van Schil, Pietro Bertoglio, Chi-Fu Jeffrey Yang, Wentao Fang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2023)
Modulating glucocorticoid receptor actions in physiology and pathology: Insights from coregulators
Authors: Lina Fadel, Marija Dacic, Vlera Fonda, Baila A. Sokolsky, Fabiana Quagliarini, Inez Rogatsky, N. Henriette Uhlenhaut
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2023)

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a class of steroid hormones that regulate key physiological processes such as metabolism, immune function, and stress responses. The effects of GCs are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor that activates or represses the expression of hundreds to thousands of genes in a tissue- and physiological state-specific manner. The activity of GR is modulated by numerous coregulator proteins that interact with GR in response to different stimuli assembling into a multitude of DNA-protein complexes and facilitate the integration of these signals, helping GR to communicate with basal transcriptional machinery and chromatin. Here, we provide a brief overview of the physiological and molecular functions of GR, and discuss the roles of GR coregulators in the immune system, key metabolic tissues and the central nervous system. We also present an analysis of the GR interactome in different cells and tissues, which suggests tissue-specific utilization of GR coregulators, despite widespread functions shared by some of them.
Regulating Size and Charge of Liposomes in Microneedles to Enhance Intracellular Drug Delivery Efficiency in Skin for Psoriasis Therapy
Authors: Fei Qu, Yufeng Sun, Duohang Bi, Siyu Peng, Min Li, Hongmei Liu, Lianbin Zhang, Juan Tao, Yijing Liu, Jintao Zhu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract The stratum corneum (SC) and cell membrane are two major barriers that hinder the therapeutic outcomes of transdermal drug delivery for the treatment of skin diseases. While microneedles (MNs) can efficiently penetrate the SC to deliver nanomedicines, the optimization of physicochemical properties of nanomedicines in MNs to enhance their in vivo cellular delivery efficiency remains unclear. Here, how the size and surface charge of drug‐loaded liposomes in MNs influence the retention time and cellular delivery in psoriatic skin is systematically investigated. The results indicate that while 100 nm negatively‐charged liposomes in MNs show higher cellular uptake in vitro, 250 and 450 nm liposomes could enhance skin retention and the long‐term in vivo cellular delivery efficiency of drugs. Moreover, 250 nm cationic liposomes with a stronger positive charge show an extraordinarily long skin retention time of 132 h and significantly higher in vivo cellular internalization. In the treatment study, dexamethasone (dex)‐loaded cationic liposomes‐integrated MNs show better therapeutic outcomes than dex‐loaded anionic liposomes‐integrated MNs in a psoriasis‐like animal model. The design principles of liposomes in MN drug delivery systems explored in the study hold the potential for enhancing the therapeutic outcomes of psoriasis and are instrumental for successful translation.
Smart antioxidant function enhancing (SAFE) nucleic acid therapy for ROS-related chronic diseases and comorbidities
Authors: Zhiguo Lu, Ruichen Zhao, Yi Li, Jianze Wang, Jing Guo, Chaobo Bai, Jing Chen, Jun Yang, Yiwan Geng, Tianlu Zhang, Yanyue Wu, Xiyue Jiao, Yining Wang, Junliang Yuan, Xin Zhang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2023)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress exacerbates chronic diseases such as organ damage and neurodegenerative disorders. The Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway is a widely distributed endogenous antioxidant system. However, ROS under redox homeostasis regulates a wide range of life activities. Therefore, smart scavenging of excess ROS under pathological conditions is essential to treat chronic diseases safely. This study reports a smart antioxidant function enhancement (SAFE) strategy. On-demand release of nucleic acid drugs in a pathological ROS environment smartly activates the endogenous antioxidant system, thereby smartly alleviating oxidative stress in an exogenous antioxidant-independent manner. Through structural modulation and ligand modification, we develop SAFE nanoparticles based on nanohybrid complexes (SAFE-complex) adapted to brain delivery of nucleic acid drugs. SAFE-complex with homogeneous monodisperse structure efficiently treat ROS-related neurodegenerative diseases while protecting the major organ from oxidative stress damage. Moreover, SAFE-complex can stabilize storage in the form of freeze-dried powder. These data indicate that SAFE nanoparticles hold promise for treating ROS-related chronic diseases and comorbidities through rational transformation.
An Adaptable Nanoprobe Integrated with Quantitative T<sub>1</sub>‐Mapping MRI for Accurate Differential Diagnosis of Multidrug‐Resistant Lung Cancer
Authors: Aijun Shen, Yanhong Sun, Gangmin Wang, Xianfu Meng, Xihui Ren, Qingxuan Wan, Qi Lv, Xiangbin Wang, Jiong Ni, Minghua Li, Xiaolong Ma, Yun Xu, Yutao Jiang, Fang Wang, YingSheng Cheng, Peijun Wang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major factors causing failure of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) chemotherapy. Real‐time and accurate differentiation between drug‐resistant and sensitive NSCLC is of primary importance for guiding the subsequent treatments and improving the therapeutic outcome. However, there is no effective method to provide such an accurate differentiation. This study creates an innovative strategy of integrating H 2 O 2 ‐responsive nanoprobes with the quantitative T 1 ‐mapping magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to achieve an accurate differential diagnosis between drug‐resistant and sensitive NSCLC in light of differences in H 2 O 2 content in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The result demonstrates that the synthesized MIL‐53(Fe)@MnO 2 nanocomposites possess an excellent capability of shortening the cancer longitudinal relaxation time (T 1 ) when meeting H 2 O 2 in TME. T 1 ‐mapping MRI could sensitively detect this T 1 variation (about 2.6‐fold that of T1‐weighted imaging (T 1 WI)) to accurately differentiate the H 2 O 2 content between drug‐resistant and sensitive NSCLC. In addition, the quantitative data provided by the T 1 ‐mapping MRI dedicates correct comparison across imaging tests and is more reliable than T 1 WI, thus giving it a chance for precise assessment of the anti‐cancer effect. This innovative strategy of merging TME adaptable nanoprobes with the quantitative MRI technique provides a new approach for the precise diagnosis of multidrug‐resistant NSCLC.
Transjejunal ERCP through an endoscopic ultrasound-guided jejuno-duodenal anastomosis in a patient with gastric bypass without excluded stomach
Authors: Nada El-Domiaty, Hadrien Alric, Alessandro Di Gaeta, Elena Tenorio-González, Christophe Cellier, Gabriel Rahmi, Enrique Pérez-Cuadrado-Robles
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Gallbladder stones after bariatric surgery are not uncommon. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) renders standard endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) unfeasible. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE) using a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) is gaining ground in this setting [1] [2] and has been proposed in recent European guidelines [3]. In addition, more is known about how to perform EDGE in patients with a standard RYGB anatomy [4], than in patients with non-RYGB [5] or atypical gastric bypass such as those without remnant stomach. This case shows a modified EDGE procedure in this latter scenario.
Two-step traction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection for a gastric neoplasm using a clip with a traction band and thread
Authors: Kei Nishioka, Mitsuru Esaki, Tsutomu Iwasa, Yosuke Minoda, Noriko Shiga, Haruei Ogino, Eikichi Ihara
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

The traction technique is a common assistance method for gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) [1] [2] [3]. We previously developed intralesional traction-assisted ESD (ILT-ESD) [4] [5]. Although this provides a favorable clear view of the submucosal layer by achieving intralesional elevation using clips with a traction band, there is one problem to be solved. The traction force decreases because of the reduced area of lesion attachment as submucosal dissection progresses. To resolve this problem, we further developed a two-step traction-assisted ESD (TT-ESD), where intralesional traction is performed in the first half and clip-with-thread traction is applied in the latter half of the submucosal dissection ([Video 1]).
Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection using a gas-free saline-immersion dissection technique
Authors: Tatsuma Nomura, Shinya Sugimoto, Yoshikazu Hayashi, Ryutaro Matsushima, Jun Oyamada, Keiichi Ito, Tomonori Yano
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Recently, a new technique for performing underwater endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in a saline solution has been reported [1] [2]. Although using a tapered hood is considered beneficial for underwater ESD in saline immersion, the bubbles generated during ESD can hinder smooth dissection [3]. We describe a gas-free saline-immersion technique for ESD, in which a tapered hood is filled with saline by pressing an air/water valve button, thus moving the bubbles to outside the hood.
Novel removable endoscopic clip: Usefulness in failure of traction method during endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Nobukazu Agatsuma, Takahiro Utsumi, Hirokazu Higuchi, Takahiro Inoue, Yukari Tanaka, Yuki Nakanishi, Hiroshi Seno
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Endoscopic clips, which are widely used for hemostasis and closure [1] [2], have recently been applied to other indications such as traction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) [3]. Repositionable clips have been reported to be a promising option for any indication [4] [5]. Despite the adoption of clips that allow repeated opening and closing before clip deployment, endoscopists still encounter situations in which they want to remove the placed clip. Here, we present a novel removable clip (hemoclip, AG-51044-2300-090-16; Hangzhou AGS MedTech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China) that is repositionable and rotatable. The clip was detached by squeezing the thinning point at the end of the clip stem using a polypectomy snare ([Fig. 1]).
Advantages of the dual-channel multi-bending endoscope for ERCP in patients with Billroth II reconstruction
Authors: Haruka Toyonaga, Tsuyoshi Hayashi, Masayo Motoya, Toshifumi Kin, Kuniyuki Takahashi, Akio Katanuma
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is challenging in patients with surgically altered anatomy; in these cases, balloon-enteroscope-assisted ERCP can be performed [1] [2] [3]. In patients who have undergone distal gastrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction, the duodenal papilla is within the range of a normal endoscope. The dual-channel multi-bending scope (M-scope – GIF-2TQ260M; Olympus Corp., Tokyo, Japan) ([Fig. 1]) has reported efficacy for ERCP in these patients [4]; however, precise techniques and methodologies are lacking. Herein, we describe the advantages of using the M-scope in patients with Billroth II anatomy ([Video 1]).
Bile aspiration technique for successful guidewire manipulation in endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy with antegrade stenting
Authors: Yuichi Takano, Masataka Yamawaki, Jun Noda, Tetsushi Azami, Fumitaka Niiya, Fumiya Nishimoto, Masatsugu Nagahama
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

The greatest technical challenge in endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided hepaticogastrostomy with antegrade stenting is breaching the bile duct stricture with guidewire [1] [2]. Herein, we report a case in which a novel bile aspiration technique achieved smooth guidewire breaching of the biliary stricture.
Multipolar traction with an eight-point adaptive traction device allowed comfortable resection of a challenging giant rectal lesion in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Elena De Cristofaro, Jérôme Rivory, Louis-Jean Masgnaux, Jean Grimaldi, Clara Yzet, Sarah Leblanc, Mathieu Pioche
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Current guidelines recommend endoscopic resection for superficial colorectal neoplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), especially for clearly visible colitis-associated neoplasia [1]. However, endoscopic removal is technically challenging in UC, particularly for giant lesions. The major limitations to the widespread use of endoscopic submucosal dissection are the long procedure duration and the technical difficulty, particularly in the presence of fibrosis [2]. Several devices and techniques have been described to facilitate and speed up the procedure [1], and traction strategies have been increasingly implemented to improve the efficiency of dissection [3].
Complete resection of a circumferential distal duodenum lesion by endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Masami Omae, Francisco Baldaque-Silva, Naining Wang, Toshio Uraoka
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

A 71-year-old woman with a lesion extending around the entire luminal circumference along a 10-cm length of the distal duodenum was referred to us at Karolinska University Hospital. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealed an irregular, heterogeneous, flat lesion ([Fig. 1], [Fig. 2]). The surface structure had an irregular microsurface pattern but without irregular microvascular pattern. These findings were compatible with superficial duodenal adenoma with low grade dysplasia (LGD). Biopsy specimen confirmed adenoma with LGD. Multidisciplinary conference recommended endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).
Percutaneous cholangioscopy with biodegradable stent placement for stone disease on a background of a postanastomotic biliary stricture
Authors: Apostolis Papaefthymiou, An Thang Ngo, George J. Webster
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Biliary access in patients with altered anatomy represents a limitation of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), with Roux-en-Y reconstruction being one of the most challenging postoperative variants [1]. In the setting of benign stricturing, the use of plastic or metal stents may be precluded by difficult access for their removal. Percutaneous cholangioscopy combined with biodegradable stents may provide a solution [2].
Totally endoscopic treatment of duodenal diverticulum
Authors: Mario Capasso, Lorenzo Dioscoridi, Edoardo Forti, Francesco Pugliese, Marcello Cintolo, Giulia Bonato, Massimiliano Mutignani
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Intraluminal duodenal diverticulum, also called "windsock" diverticulum, is an extremely rare congenital abnormality [1]. It is mostly asymptomatic but in 10 % of cases it can cause epigastric pain, upper gastrointestinal mechanical obstruction, and, less commonly, weight loss and biliopancreatic symptoms [2]. Surgery is considered the gold standard treatment for selected symptomatic cases [3]. Endoscopic excision is not standardized in the literature and only case reports have been published [4].
Electrohydraulic lithotripsy with direct peroral cholangioscopy via double-balloon enteroscopy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a liver transplant recipient
Authors: Nicoletta Nandi, Gian Eugenio Tontini, Lucia Scaramella, Andrea Sorge, Tommaso Pessarelli, Matilde Topa, Luca Elli
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

We present a case of a 36-year-old liver-retransplant recipient with a Roux-en-Y biliary-enteric anastomosis, admitted for cholangitis due to a large bile stone and successfully treated by electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) with direct peroral cholangioscopy (DPCS) through double-balloon enteroscopy-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (DBE-ERCP).
Confocal laser endomicroscopy tears up the mask of protein-losing enteropathy
Authors: Jie Xu, Lili Cai, Bota Cui
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

A 35-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a history of edema and hypoproteinemia for 27 months. Laboratory analysis revealed severe hypoalbuminemia, with a serum albumin level of 1.25 g/dL (normal range 4–5.5 g/dL). Other laboratory and imaging examinations revealed hypoproteinemia with no evidence of protein loss due to renal, hepatic, or autoimmune disease. Capsule endoscopy was performed to confirm there were no lesions in the small intestine and no lesions were visible under white-light endoscopy ([Fig. 1]).
Endoscopic resection of an Epstein-Barr virus positive inflammatory follicular dendritic cell sarcoma
Authors: Ou Chen, Liansong Ye, Liu Que, Bing Hu
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

A 51-year-old woman was referred to our hospital to check on the 0.5-cm polypoid lesion in the transverse colon that had been detected 2 years previously ([Fig. 1a]). The patient had refused to undergo endoscopic resection of the lesion owing to its small size. She reported no significant discomfort and her medical history was unremarkable. We performed colonoscopy, this time detecting a 3.0-cm pedunculated polypoid lesion in the transverse colon, with congestion and white material on its surface ([Fig. 1b]). A subsequent computed tomography scan showed the lesion to be enhancing ([Fig. 2]). Endoscopic mucosal resection was performed to completely resect the lesion ([Video 1]).
Endoscopic mucosal resection with a dedicated bipolar soft snare for large flat colonic polyps
Authors: Shunsuke Yamamoto, Miho Kozuki, Kensuke Matsushima, Yuko Sakakibara, Ryotaro Sakamori, Eiji Mita
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

When removing large flat colonic polyps (LFCPs) en bloc endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) may be suitable; however, it requires significant expertise and a long procedural time. The use of a conventional monopolar snare for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of large lesions increases the risk of deep mural injury [1]. Bipolar snares are safer than monopolar snares because the current passes only through the tissue between the two electrodes, so causing minimal damage to the muscle layer [2].
A homemade snare device for removing large foreign bodies
Authors: Bo Wu, Qun Zhu, Xincheng Xie, Fulong Zhang, Chunhua Zhou, Yuandong Zhu
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

A 20-year-old man accidentally inserted a rectal massager completely into the rectum and was unable to remove it himself, so he came to our hospital. Abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a rectal foreign body obstructing the intestinal tract ([Fig. 1]). Emergency surgery attempted to retrieve the item using forceps, but this ultimately failed due to the inability to pass the gap between the foreign body and the intestine.
Successful removal of a biliary metal stent using the stent-in-stent-in-stent technique
Authors: Masato Matsuyama, Takeshi Okamoto, Tsuyoshi Takeda, Akiyoshi Kasuga, Takashi Sasaki, Masato Ozaka, Naoki Sasahira
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

A 60-year-old woman with unresectable pancreatic cancer underwent endoscopic biliary stenting with a covered self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) with an antireflux valve ([Fig. 1]). She was readmitted 15 months later due to cholangitis. Cholangiography revealed contrast defect inside the stent, suspected to be the result of tumor invasion. As the stent could not be removed, the stent was trimmed below the ampulla. The removal attempt led to severe biliary hemorrhage that completely obstructed the endoscopic view, and therefore a covered SEMS was deployed under fluoroscopic guidance, leading to successful hemostasis and biliary drainage ([Fig. 2]). The two stents could not be removed when cholangitis recurred just 1 month later, possibly owing to the short duration of the stent-in-stent configuration. Another covered SEMS with an antireflux valve was deployed inside the two existing stents, as the patient clearly had longer time to recurrent biliary obstruction when an antireflux value was present ([Fig. 3]).
COVID-19 boosters versus primary series: update to a living review
Authors: Nana Wu, Keven Joyal-Desmarais, Ariany Marques Vieira, Comfort Sanuade, Mohit Jagwani, Laurence Paquet, Paula A B Ribeiro, Jovana Stojanovic, Doro Yip, Simon L Bacon
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2023)