tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Somatostatin Receptor PET Imaging in Diffuse Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Qian Zhao, Aisheng Dong, Tianlin He, Changjing Zuo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Somatostatin receptor imaging findings of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with diffuse involvement of the pancreas are rarely reported. We present somatostatin receptor PET imaging findings in 3 cases of diffuse pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. One case showed diffuse swelling and diffusely intense activity of the pancreas with multiple metastases in the peripancreatic lymph nodes and liver. The other 2 cases showed diffusely intense activity of the pancreas without metastasis. The pancreatic tumor extended into the duodenum in all the 3 cases. Familiarity with this rare pattern of radiotracer uptake in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor may be helpful for the diagnosis.
Somatostatin Receptor-Directed PET/CT for Therapeutic Decision-Making and Disease Control in Patients Affected With Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Sebastian E. Serfling, Philipp E. Hartrampf, Yingjun Zhi, Takahiro Higuchi, Aleksander Kosmala, Julia Serfling, Andreas Schirbel, Anna Hörning, Andreas K. Buck, Alexander Weich, Rudolf A. Werner
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-targeted PET/CT is used for patients affected with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), but the clinical impact has not been elucidated yet. We aimed to determine whether SSTR PET/CT can trigger relevant therapeutic management changes in patients with SCLC and whether those modifications achieve disease control and are associated with prolonged survival.One hundred patients with SCLC received SSTR PET/CT. In a retrospective setting, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of PET versus CT and compared therapies before and after PET/CT to determine the impact of molecular imaging on treatment decision. We also determined the rate of disease control after therapeutic modifications and assessed survival in patients with and without changes in the therapeutic regimen.Relative to CT, SSTR PET alone was superior for assessing bone lesions in 19 of 39 instances (49%). Treatment was modified in 59 of 100 (59%) after SSTR PET/CT. Forty of 59 (74.6%) received systemic treatment after hybrid imaging, with the remaining 15 of 59 (25.4%) scheduled for nonsystemic therapy. In the latter group, 13 of 15 (86.7%) received local radiation therapy or active surveillance (2/15 [13.3%]). Individuals scheduled for systemic treatment after imaging received peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in 28 of 44 (63.6%), followed by chemotherapy in 10 of 44 (22.7%), change in chemotherapy regimen in 3 of 44 (6.8%), and initiation of tyrosine kinase inhibitor in the remaining 3 of 44 (6.8%). Among patients with modified treatment, follow-up was available in 53 subjects, and disease control was achieved in 14 of 53 (26.4%). However, neither change to systemic treatment (155 days; hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.53-1.67) nor change to nonsystemic treatment (210 days; hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.34-1.34) led to a prolonged survival when compared with subjects with no change (171 days, P ≥ 0.22, respectively).In patients with SCLC, SSTR-targeted hybrid imaging provides complementary information on the disease status. PET/CT led to management changes in 59% (mainly PRRT), achieving disease control in >26%. The high fraction of patients scheduled for PRRT may lay the foundation for combination strategies to achieve synergistic antitumor effects, for example, by combining PRRT plus recently introduced RNA polymerase II inhibitors.
68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in Metastatic Papillary Renal Cell Cancer
Authors: Caner Civan, Emine Goknur Isik, Seyfullah Karadogan, Yasemin Sanli, Serkan Kuyumcu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Papillary renal cell cancer is a rare malignancy with limited treatment options in the advanced stage of the disease. We present the case of a 62-year-old man with progressive left-sided papillary renal cell carcinoma who underwent 68 Ga-FAPI (fibroblast activated protein inhibitor)-04 and 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging. 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT demonstrated variable FAP expression in all metastatic lesions detected by 18 F-FDG PET/CT, including multiple lymph nodes, bone, and thyroid. This case highlights that FAP-targeted imaging can be a promising modality for diagnostic and theranostic use in papillary renal cell carcinoma.
Are We Approaching a Change in Paradigm in PET/CT Imaging of Solid Gastrointestinal (or Digestive) Tract Tumors With the Clinical Application of FAPI Imaging?
Authors: Roberto C. Delgado Bolton, Adriana K. Calapaquí Terán, Ken Herrmann, Stefano Fanti, Francesco Giammarile
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Studies with [ 68 Ga]Ga-labeled or [ 18 F]F-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor compounds have demonstrated favorable characteristics for PET/CT imaging, making them especially interesting for digestive tumors. In this review, the recent evidence in this field and its potential clinical applications are discussed.
Superiority of 18F-FDG PET/CT to 68GA-FAPI PET/CT in Adrenocortical Tumor Imaging
Authors: İhsan Kaplan, Canan Can, Ferat Kepenek, İbrahim Ibiloğlu, Yunus Güzel
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract 18 F-FDG PET/CT was performed to evaluate the response to treatment in a 62-year-old female patient who was operated for adrenocortical carcinoma. High FDG uptake was observed in recurrent lesion in the left adrenal gland site and metastatic lesions. In the 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT study, low FAPI uptake was observed in both recurrences and metastases. In this case, we demonstrated the superiority of 18 F-FDG PET/CT over 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in the evaluation of adrenocortical carcinoma.
“Slow walk” mimetic tensile loading maintains human meniscus tissue resident progenitor cells homeostasis in photocrosslinked gelatin hydrogel
Authors: Jing Sun, Yau Tsz Chan, Ki Wai Kevin Ho, Li Zhang, Liming Bian, Rocky S. Tuan, Yangzi Jiang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2023)

Meniscus, the cushion in knee joint, is a load-bearing tissue that transfers mechanical forces to extracellular matrix (ECM) and tissue resident cells. The mechanoresponse of human tissue resident stem/progenitor cells in meniscus (hMeSPCs) is significant to tissue homeostasis and regeneration but is not well understood. This study reports that a mild cyclic tensile loading regimen of ∼1800 loads/day on hMeSPCs seeded in 3-dimensional (3D) photocrosslinked gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel is critical in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Experimentally, a "slow walk" biomimetic cyclic loading regimen (10% tensile strain, 0.5 Hz, 1 h/day, up to 15 days) is applied to hMeSPCs encapsulated in GelMA hydrogel with a magnetic force-controlled loading actuator. The loading significantly increases cell differentiation and fibrocartilage-like ECM deposition without affecting cell viability. Transcriptomic analysis reveals 332 mechanoresponsive genes, clustered into cell senescence, mechanical sensitivity, and ECM dynamics, associated with interleukins, integrins, and collagens/matrix metalloproteinase pathways. The cell-GelMA constructs show active ECM remodeling, traced using a green fluorescence tagged (GFT)-GelMA hydrogel. Loading enhances nascent pericellular matrix production by the encapsulated hMeSPCs, which gradually compensates for the hydrogel loss in the cultures. These findings demonstrate the strong tissue-forming ability of hMeSPCs, and the importance of mechanical factors in maintaining meniscus homeostasis.
Incidental Adiposis Dolorosa (Dercum’s Disease) Detected on 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT
Authors: Ebtesam Mardasi, Andrew Russon, Victor Mansberg, Chuong Bui, Robert Mansberg
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

A 64-year-old man with recently diagnosed prostate adenocarcinoma and Gleason score 4 + 3 = 7 with a mildly elevated prostate-specific antigen of 5.17 μg/L was referred for 18 F-DCFPyL PET/CT for primary staging. The scan demonstrated incidental innumerable moderately avid subcutaneous nodules due to adiposis dolorosa (Dercum's disease), which is a rare adipose tissue disease.
Use of cidofovir in a patient with severe mpox and uncontrolled HIV infection
Authors: Adam Stafford, Stephanie Rimmer, Mark Gilchrist, Kristi Sun, Ella P Davies, Claire S Waddington, Christopher Chiu, Darius Armstrong-James, Thomas Swaine, Frances Davies, Carlos H M Gómez, Vagish Kumar, Ahmad ElHaddad, Zaid Awad, Christopher Smart, Borja Mora-Peris, David Muir, Paul Randell, Joanna Peters, Meera Chand, Clare E Warrell, Tommy Rampling, Graham Cooke, Sara Dhanji, Vivienne Campbell, Carys Davies, Sana Osman, Aula Abbara
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2023)

A 48-year-old man with poorly controlled HIV presented with severe human monkeypox virus (hMPXV) infection, having completed 2 weeks of tecovirimat at another hospital. He had painful, ulcerating skin lesions on most of his body and oropharyngeal cavity, with subsequent Ludwig's angina requiring repeated surgical interventions. Despite commencing a second, prolonged course of tecovirimat, he did not objectively improve, and new lesions were still noted at day 24. Discussion at the UK National Health Service England High Consequence Infectious Diseases Network recommended the use of 3% topical and then intravenous cidofovir, which was given at 5 mg/kg; the patient made a noticeable improvement after the first intravenous dose. He received further intravenous doses at 7 days and 21 days after the dose and was discharged at day 52. Cidofovir is not licensed for use in treatment of hMPXV infection. Data for cidofovir use in hMPXV are restricted to studies in animals. Four other documented cases of cidofovir use against hMPXV have been reported in the USA in 2022, but we present its first use in the UK. The scarcity of studies into the use of cidofovir in this condition clearly shows the need for robust studies to assess efficacy, optimum dosage, timing, and route of administration.
Impact of 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT Findings on Failure-Free Survival in Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer Following Salvage Radiation Therapy
Authors: Ismaheel O. Lawal, Charles Marcus, David M. Schuster, Subir Goyal, Omotayo A. Adediran, Vishal R. Dhere, Shreyas S. Joshi, Olayinka A. Abiodun-Ojo, Viraj A. Master, Pretesh R. Patel, Bridget Fielder, Mark Goodman, Joseph W. Shelton, Omer Kucuk, Bruce Hershatter, Raghuveer K. Halkar, Ashesh B. Jani
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Purpose We aimed to evaluate the impact of 18 F-fluciclovine PET/CT imaging on failure-free survival (FFS) post–salvage radiotherapy (SRT) for prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence. Methods Seventy-nine patients were recruited in a phase 2/3 clinical trial to undergo 18 F-fluciclovine PET/CT before SRT for PCa. Four patients with extrapelvic disease were excluded. All patients were followed up at regular intervals up to 48 months. Treatment failure was defined as a serum prostate-specific antigen level of ≥0.2 ng/mL above the nadir after SRT, confirmed with an additional measurement, requiring systemic treatment or clinical progression. Failure-free survival was computed and compared between patients grouped according to 18 F-fluciclovine PET/CT imaging findings. Results Eighty percent (60/75) of patients had a positive finding on 18 F-fluciclovine PET/CT, of which 56.7% (34/60) had prostate bed-only uptake, whereas 43.3% (26/60) had pelvic nodal ± bed uptake. Following SRT, disease failure was detected in 36% (27/75) of patients. There was a significant difference in FFS between patients who had a positive versus negative scan (62.3% vs 92.9% [ P &lt; 0.001] at 36 months and 59.4% vs 92.9% [ P &lt; 0.001] at 48 months). Similarly, there was a significant difference in FFS between patients with uptake in pelvic nodes ± bed versus prostate bed only at 36 months (49.8% vs 70.7%; P = 0.003) and at 48 months (49.8% vs 65.6%; P = 0.040). Failure-free survival was also significantly higher in patients with either negative PET/CT or prostate bed-only disease versus those with pelvic nodal ± prostate bed disease at 36 (78% vs 49.8%, P &lt; 0.001) and 48 months (74.4% vs 49.8%, P &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Findings on pre-SRT 18 F-fluciclovine PET/CT imaging, even when acted upon to optimize the treatment decisions and treatment planning, are predictive of post-SRT FFS in men who experience PCa recurrence after radical prostatectomy. A negative 18 F-fluciclovine PET/CT is most predictive of a lower risk of failure, whereas the presence of pelvic nodal recurrence portends a higher risk of SRT failure.
Maternal mRNA covid-19 vaccination during pregnancy and delta or omicron infection or hospital admission in infants: test negative design study
Authors: Sarah C J Jorgensen, Alejandro Hernandez, Deshayne B Fell, Peter C Austin, Rohan D’Souza, Astrid Guttmann, Kevin A Brown, Sarah A Buchan, Jonathan B Gubbay, Sharifa Nasreen, Kevin L Schwartz, Mina Tadrous, Kumanan Wilson, Jeffrey C Kwong
Journal: BMJ (2023)

To estimate the effectiveness of maternal mRNA covid-19 vaccination during pregnancy against delta and omicron severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and hospital admission in infants.Test negative design study.Community and hospital testing in Ontario, Canada.Infants younger than six months of age, born between 7 May 2021 and 31 March 2022, who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 between 7 May 2021 and 5 September 2022.Maternal mRNA covid-19 vaccination during pregnancy.Laboratory confirmed delta or omicron infection or hospital admission of the infant. Multivariable logistic regression estimated vaccine effectiveness, with adjustments for clinical and sociodemographic characteristics associated with vaccination and infection.8809 infants met eligibility criteria, including 99 delta cases (4365 controls) and 1501 omicron cases (4847 controls). Infant vaccine effectiveness from two maternal doses was 95% (95% confidence interval 88% to 98%) against delta infection and 97% (73% to 100%) against infant hospital admission due to delta and 45% (37% to 53%) against omicron infection and 53% (39% to 64%) against hospital admission due to omicron. Vaccine effectiveness for three doses was 73% (61% to 80%) against omicron infection and 80% (64% to 89%) against hospital admission due to omicron. Vaccine effectiveness for two doses against infant omicron infection was highest with the second dose in the third trimester (53% (42% to 62%)) compared with the first (47% (31% to 59%)) or second (37% (24% to 47%)) trimesters. Vaccine effectiveness for two doses against infant omicron infection decreased from 57% (44% to 66%) between birth and eight weeks to 40% (21% to 54%) after 16 weeks of age.Maternal covid-19 vaccination with a second dose during pregnancy was highly effective against delta and moderately effective against omicron infection and hospital admission in infants during the first six months of life. A third vaccine dose bolstered protection against omicron. Effectiveness for two doses was highest with maternal vaccination in the third trimester, and effectiveness decreased in infants beyond eight weeks of age.
Antiviral and bivalent vaccine efficacy against an omicron XBB.1.5 isolate
Authors: Ryuta Uraki, Mutsumi Ito, Maki Kiso, Seiya Yamayoshi, Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Yuri Furusawa, Yuko Sakai-Tagawa, Masaki Imai, Michiko Koga, Shinya Yamamoto, Eisuke Adachi, Makoto Saito, Takeya Tsutsumi, Amato Otani, Tetsuhiro Kikuchi, Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi, Peter J Halfmann, Andrew Pekosz, Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2023)
Increased 68Ga-FAPI Activity in Benign Pulmonary Nodules
Authors: Dan Su, Zhuoyuan Li, Jia Deng, Chen Qiu, Yue Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract A 68-year-old man who had recently been diagnosed with pulmonary nodules underwent both 18 F-FDG and 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT. Both studies showed increased uptake in pulmonary nodules, which are suspected to be malignant. However, based on the histopathological findings after surgery, this is ultimately diagnosed as a benign pulmonary nodule. Our case suggests that pulmonary nodules with intense 68 Ga-FAPI uptake may be benign as well.
Universal chimeric Fcγ receptor T cells with appropriate affinity for IgG1 antibody exhibit optimal antitumor efficacy
Authors: Wen Zhu, Yang Wang, Liangyin Lv, Hui Wang, Wenqiang Shi, Zexin Liu, Mingzhe Zhou, Jianwei Zhu, Huili Lu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2023)

Developing universal CARs with improved flexible targeting and controllable activities is urgently needed. While several studies have suggested the potential of CD16a in tandem with monoclonal antibodies to construct universal CAR-T cells, the weak affinity between them is one of the limiting factors for efficacy. Herein, we systematically investigated the impact of Fcγ receptor (FcγR) affinity on CAR-T cells properties by constructing universal CARs using Fcγ receptors with different affinities for IgG1 antibodies, namely CD16a, CD32a, and CD64. We demonstrated that the activities of these universal CAR-T cells on tumor cells could be redirected and regulated by IgG1 antibodies. In xenografted mice, 64CAR chimeric Jurkat cells with the highest affinity showed significant antitumor effects in combination with herceptin in the HER2 low expression U251 MG model. However, in the CD20 high expression Raji model, 64CAR caused excessive activation of CAR-T cells, which resulted in cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and the decline of antitumor activity, and 32CAR with a moderate affinity brought the best efficacy. Our work extended the knowledge about FcγR-based universal CAR-T cells and suggested that only the FcγRCAR with an appropriate affinity can offer the optimal antitumor advantages of CAR-T cells.
Biomineralization inspired 3D printed bioactive glass nanocomposite scaffolds orchestrate diabetic bone regeneration by remodeling micromilieu
Authors: Zeqian Xu, Xuanyu Qi, Minyue Bao, Tian Zhou, Junfeng Shi, Zhiyan Xu, Mingliang Zhou, Aldo R. Boccaccini, Kai Zheng, Xinquan Jiang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2023)

Type II diabetes mellitus (TIIDM) remains a challenging clinical issue for both dentists and orthopedists. By virtue of persistent hyperglycemia and altered host metabolism, the pathologic diabetic micromilieu with chronic inflammation, advanced glycation end products accumulation, and attenuated biomineralization severely impairs bone regeneration efficiency. Aiming to "remodel" the pathologic diabetic micromilieu, we 3D-printed bioscaffolds composed of Sr-containing mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (Sr-MBGNs) and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA). Sr-MBGNs act as a biomineralization precursor embedded in the GelMA-simulated extracellular matrix and release Sr, Ca, and Si ions enhancing osteogenic, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory properties. In addition to angiogenic and anti-inflammatory outcomes, this innovative design reveals that the nanocomposites can modulate extracellular matrix reconstruction and simulate biomineralization by activating lysyl oxidase to form healthy enzymatic crosslinked collagen, promoting cell focal adhesion, modulating osteoblast differentiation, and boosting the release of OCN, the noncollagenous proteins (intrafibrillar mineralization dependent), and thus orchestrating osteogenesis through the Kindlin-2/PTH1R/OCN axis. This 3D-printed bioscaffold provides a multifunctional biomineralization-inspired system that remodels the "barren" diabetic microenvironment and sheds light on the new bone regeneration approaches for TIIDM.
Normalized Echocardiographic Values From Guideline-Directed Dedicated Views for Cardiac Dimensions and Left Ventricular Function
Authors: Torfinn Eriksen-Volnes, Jahn Frederik Grue, Sindre Hellum Olaisen, Jon Magne Letnes, Bjarne Nes, Lasse Løvstakken, Ulrik Wisløff, Havard Dalen
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2023)

Continuous technologic development and updated recommendations for image acquisitions creates a need to update the current normal reference ranges for echocardiography. The best method of indexing cardiac volumes is unknown. The authors used 2- and 3-dimensional echocardiographic data from a large cohort of healthy individuals to provide updated normal reference data for dimensions and volumes of the cardiac chambers as well as central Doppler measurements. In the fourth wave of the HUNT (Trøndelag Health) study in Norway 2,462 individuals underwent comprehensive echocardiography. Of these, 1,412 (55.8% women) were classified as normal and formed the basis for updated normal reference ranges. Volumetric measures were indexed to body surface area and height in powers of 1 to 3. Normal reference data for echocardiographic dimensions, volumes, and Doppler measurements were presented according to sex and age. Left ventricular ejection fraction had lower normal limits of 50.8% for women and 49.6% for men. According to sex-specific age groups, the upper normal limits for left atrial end-systolic volume indexed to body surface area ranged from 44 mL/m2 to 53 mL/m2, and the corresponding upper normal limit for right ventricular basal dimension ranged from 43 mm to 53 mm. Indexing to height raised to the power of 3 accounted for more of the variation between sexes than indexing to body surface area. The authors present updated normal reference values for a wide range of echocardiographic measures of both left- and right-side ventricular and atrial size and function from a large healthy population with a wide age-span. The higher upper normal limits for left atrial volume and right ventricular dimension highlight the importance of updating reference ranges accordingly following refinement of echocardiographic methods.
Excessive Trabeculation of the Left Ventricle
Authors: Steffen E. Petersen, Bjarke Jensen, Nay Aung, Matthias G. Friedrich, Colin J. McMahon, Saidi A. Mohiddin, Ricardo H. Pignatelli, Fabrizio Ricci, Robert H. Anderson, David A. Bluemke
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2023)

Excessive trabeculation, often referred to as “noncompacted” myocardium, has been described at all ages, from the fetus to the adult. Current evidence for myocardial development, however, does not support the formation of compact myocardium from noncompacted myocardium, nor the arrest of this process to result in so-called noncompaction. Excessive trabeculation is frequently observed by imaging studies in healthy individuals, as well as in association with pregnancy, athletic activity, and with cardiac diseases of inherited, acquired, developmental, or congenital origins. Adults with incidentally noted excessive trabeculation frequently require no further follow-up based on trabecular pattern alone. Patients with cardiomyopathy and excessive trabeculation are managed by cardiovascular symptoms rather than the trabecular pattern. To date, the prognostic role of excessive trabeculation in adults has not been shown to be independent of other myocardial disease. In neonates and children with excessive trabeculation and normal or abnormal function, clinical caution seems warranted because of the reported association with genetic and neuromuscular disorders. This report summarizes the evidence concerning the etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical relevance of excessive trabeculation. Gaps in current knowledge of the clinical relevance of excessive trabeculation are indicated, with priorities suggested for future research and improved diagnosis in adults and children.
Myocardial Perfusion PET for the Detection and Reporting of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
Authors: Thomas H. Schindler, William F. Fearon, Matthieu Pelletier-Galarneau, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Udo Sechtem, Terrence D. Ruddy, Krishna K. Patel, Deepak L. Bhatt, Timothy M. Bateman, Henry Gewirtz, Jamshid Shirani, Juhani Knuuti, Robert J. Gropler, Panithaya Chareonthaitawee, Riemer H.J.A. Slart, Stephan Windecker, Philipp A. Kaufmann, Maria R. Abraham, Viviany R. Taqueti, Thomas J. Ford, Paolo G. Camici, Heinrich R. Schelbert, Vasken Dilsizian
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2023)