tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The intention-behaviour gap in physical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the action control framework
Authors: Katharina Feil, Julian Fritsch, Ryan E Rhodes
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2023)

Objective Intention is the proximal antecedent of physical activity in many popular psychological models. Despite the utility of these models, the discrepancy between intention and actual behaviour, known as the intention-behaviour gap, is a central topic of current basic and applied research. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to quantify intention-behaviour profiles and the intention-behaviour gap. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Literature search was conducted in June 2022 and updated in February 2023 in five databases. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Eligible studies included a measure of physical activity, an assessment of physical activity intention and the employment of the intention-behaviour relationship into profile quadrants. Only papers published in the English language and in peer-reviewed journals were considered. Screening was assisted by the artificial intelligence tool ASReview. Results Twenty-five independent samples were selected from 22 articles including a total of N=29 600. Random-effects meta-analysis revealed that 26.0% of all participants were non-intenders not exceeding their intentions, 4.2% were non-intenders who exceeded their intentions, 33.0% were unsuccessful intenders and 38.7% were successful intenders. Based on the proportion of unsuccessful intenders to all intenders, the overall intention-behaviour gap was 47.6%. Conclusion The findings underscore that intention is a necessary, yet insufficient antecedent of physical activity for many. Successful translation of a positive intention into behaviour is nearly at chance. Incorporating mechanisms to overcome the intention-behaviour gap are recommended for clinical practice.
The rs1421085 variant within FTO promotes brown fat thermogenesis
Authors: Zhiyin Zhang, Na Chen, Nan Yin, Ruixin Liu, Yang He, Danjie Li, Muye Tong, Aibo Gao, Peng Lu, Yuxiao Zhao, Huabing Li, Junfang Zhang, Dan Zhang, Weiqiong Gu, Jie Hong, Weiqing Wang, Lu Qi, Guang Ning, Jiqiu Wang
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2023)
Fatty acid oxidation organizes mitochondrial supercomplexes to sustain astrocytic ROS and cognition
Authors: Brenda Morant-Ferrando, Daniel Jimenez-Blasco, Paula Alonso-Batan, Jesús Agulla, Rebeca Lapresa, Dario Garcia-Rodriguez, Sara Yunta-Sanchez, Irene Lopez-Fabuel, Emilio Fernandez, Peter Carmeliet, Angeles Almeida, Marina Garcia-Macia, Juan P. Bolaños
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2023)

Having direct access to brain vasculature, astrocytes can take up available blood nutrients and metabolize them to fulfil their own energy needs and deliver metabolic intermediates to local synapses
Risk of serious infection between belimumab and oral immunosuppressants for non‐renal systemic lupus erythematosus: comment on the article by Materne et al
Authors: Yuan‐Ti Lee, Chun‐Chieh Chen, Shiuan‐Chih Chen
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2023)

Disclosure form Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Unknown Risk of Sub-Radiographic Subtrochanteric Femur Fracture After Cephalomedullary Nail Fixation: Brief Report
Authors: Humaid Al Farii, Humaid Al Farii
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

73 years old femur who had right thigh soft tissue sarcoma and had neoadjuvant chemoradiation and scheduled for soft tissue wide resection and prophylactic femur nail in the presence of risks for post operative fracture. During surgery and after tumor wide resection and cephalomedullary nail placement that both went uneventful, noted to have longitudinal subtrochanteric fracture of about 5 cm extended from lag screw down. While the usual placement for nail through radiographic guided, we inserted our nail during open procedure after sarcoma wide resection and would not recognize the presence of fracture if still through minimal invasive radiographic guided. With that, I am raising the fact how many times we instrumented the femur with unknown sequences of sub-radiographic fracture? And what are the implications?
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of IDegLira Versus Basal-Bolus in Patients With Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes and Very High HbA1c ≥9–15%: DUAL HIGH Trial
Authors: Rodolfo J. Galindo, Bobak Moazzami, Maria F. Scioscia, Cesar Zambrano, Bonnie S. Albury, Jarrod Saling, Priyathama Vellanki, Francisco J. Pasquel, Georgia M. Davis, Maya Fayfman, Limin Peng, Guillermo E. Umpierrez
Journal: Diabetes Care (2023)

OBJECTIVE In participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and HbA1c &amp;gt;9.0–10.0%, guidelines recommend treatment with basal-bolus insulin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This randomized trial compared the efficacy and safety of insulin degludec and liraglutide (IDegLira) and basal-bolus among participants with high HbA1c ≥9.0–15.0%, previously treated with 2 or 3 oral agents and/or basal insulin, allocated (1:1) to basal-bolus (n = 73) or IDegLira (n = 72). The primary end point was noninferiority (0.4%) in HbA1c reduction between groups. RESULTS Among 145 participants (HbA1c 10.8% ± 1.3), there was no statistically significant difference in HbA1c reduction (3.18% ± 2.29 vs. 3.00% ± 1.79, P = 0.65; estimated treatment difference (ETD) 0.18%, 95% CI −0.59, 0.94) between the IDegLira and basal-bolus groups. IDegLira resulted in significantly lower rates of hypoglycemia &amp;lt;70 mg/dL (26% vs. 48%, P = 0.008; odds ratio 0.39, 95% CI 0.19, 0.78), and less weight gain (1.24 ± 8.33 vs. 5.84 ± 6.18 kg, P = 0.001; ETD −4.60, 95% CI −7.33, −1.87). CONCLUSIONS In participants with T2D and HbA1c ≥9.0–15.0%, IDegLira resulted in similar HbA1c reduction, less hypoglycemia, and less weight gain compared with the basal-bolus regimen.
Targeting N6-methyladenosine reader YTHDF1 with siRNA boosts antitumor immunity in NASH-HCC by inhibiting EZH2-IL-6 axis
Authors: Lina Wang, Lefan Zhu, Cong Liang, Xiang Huang, Ziqin Liu, Jihui Huo, Ying Zhang, Yifan Zhang, Lili Chen, Hongzhi Xu, Xiaoxing Li, Lixia Xu, Ming Kuang, Chi Chun Wong, Jun Yu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2023)

RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) reader protein YTHDF1 has been implicated in cancer; however, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-associated HCC (NASH-HCC), remains unknown. Here, we investigated the functional role of YTHDF1 in NASH-HCC and its interplay with the tumor immune microenvironment.Hepatocyte-specific Ythdf1-overexpressing mice were subjected to a NASH-HCC-inducing diet. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells were profiled with single-cell RNA-sequencing, flow cytometry, and immunostaining. The molecular target of YTHDF1 was elucidated with RNA-sequencing, m6A-sequencing, YTHDF1 RNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing, proteomics, and ribosome-profiling. Ythdf1 in NASH-HCC models was targeted by lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated small-interfering Ythdf1.YTHDF1 is overexpressed in tumor tissues compared to adjacent peri-tumor tissues from patients with NASH-HCC. Liver-specific Ythdf1 overexpression drives tumorigenesis in dietary models of spontaneous NASH-HCC. Single-cell RNA-sequencing and flow cytometry revealed that Ythdf1 induced accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and suppressed cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell function. Mechanistically, Ythdf1 expression in NASH-HCC cells induced the secretion of IL-6, which mediated MDSC recruitment and activation, leading to CD8+ T-cell dysfunction. EZH2 mRNA was identified as a key YTHDF1 target. YTHDF1 binds to m6A-modified EZH2 mRNA and promotes EZH2 translation. EZH2 in turn increased expression and secretion of IL-6. Ythdf1 knockout synergized with anti-PD-1 treatment to suppress tumor growth in NASH-HCC allografts. Furthermore, therapeutic targeting of Ythdf1 using LNP-encapsulated small-interfering RNA significantly increased the efficacy of anti-PD-1 blockade in NASH-HCC allografts.We identified that YTHDF1 promotes NASH-HCC tumorigenesis via EZH2-IL-6 signaling, which recruits and activates MDSCs to cause cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell dysfunction. YTHDF1 may be a novel therapeutic target to improve responses to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in NASH-HCC.YTHDF1, a N6-methyladenosine reader, is upregulated in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, its role in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment in NASH-HCC remains unclear. Here, we show that Ythdf1 mediates immunosuppression in NASH-HCC and that targeting YTHDF1 in combination with immune checkpoint blockade elicits robust antitumor immune responses. Our findings suggest novel therapeutic targets for potentiating the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in NASH-HCC and provide the rationale for developing YTHDF1 inhibitors for the treatment of NASH-HCC.
Artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning: Potential resources for the infection clinician
Authors: Anastasia A. Theodosiou, Robert C. Read
Journal: Journal of Infection (2023)

BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI), machine learning and deep learning (including generative AI) are increasingly being investigated in the context of research and management of human infection.ObjectivesWe summarise recent and potential future applications of AI and its relevance to clinical infection practice.Methods1,617 PubMed results were screened, with priority given to clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. This narrative review focusses on studies using prospectively collected real-world data with clinical validation, and on research with translational potential, such as novel drug discovery and microbiome-based interventions.ResultsThere is some evidence of clinical utility of AI applied to laboratory diagnostics (e.g. digital culture plate reading, malaria diagnosis, antimicrobial resistance profiling), clinical imaging analysis (e.g. pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis), clinical decision support tools (e.g. sepsis prediction, antimicrobial prescribing) and public health outbreak management (e.g. COVID-19). Most studies to date lack any real-world validation or clinical utility metrics. Significant heterogeneity in study design and reporting limits comparability. Many practical and ethical issues exist, including algorithm transparency and risk of bias.ConclusionsInterest in and development of AI-based tools for infection research and management are undoubtedly gaining pace, although the real-world clinical utility to date appears much more modest.
Skin of color repigmentation after phenol-croton oil chemical peel
Authors: Marcelo L. Paiva, Aline S. Justo, Bruna M. Lemes, Anna Claudia M.O. Capote, Mayra Buainain de Castro Maymone, Leandro C. Lipinski, Peter P. Rullan, Flávio Luís Beltrame, Helio A. Miot, Carlos G. Wambier
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2023)
Bifidobacterium pseudolongum-generated acetate suppresses non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Qian Song, Xiang Zhang, Weixin Liu, Hong Wei, Wei Liang, Yunfei Zhou, Yanqiang Ding, Fenfen Ji, Alvin Ho-Kwan Cheung, Nathalie Wong, Jun Yu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2023)

Recent studies have highlighted the role of the gut microbiota and their metabolites in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (NAFLD-HCC). We aimed to identify specific beneficial bacterial species that could be used prophylactically to prevent NAFLD-HCC.
Phenotype and genetic analysis of data collected within the first year of NeuroDev
Authors: Patricia Kipkemoi, Heesu Ally Kim, Bjorn Christ, Emily O’Heir, Jake Allen, Christina Austin-Tse, Samantha Baxter, Harrison Brand, Sam Bryant, Nick Buser, Victoria de Menil, Emma Eastman, Serini Murugasen, Alice Galvin, Martha Kombe, Alfred Ngombo, Beatrice Mkubwa, Paul Mwangi, Collins Kipkoech, Alysia Lovgren, Daniel G. MacArthur, Brigitte Melly, Katini Mwangasha, Alicia Martin, Lethukuthula L. Nkambule, Alba Sanchis-Juan, Moriel Singer-Berk, Michael E. Talkowski, Grace VanNoy, Celia van der Merwe, Charles Newton, Anne O’Donnell-Luria, Amina Abubakar, Kirsten A. Donald, Elise B. Robinson
Journal: Neuron (2023)

Genetic association studies have made significant contributions to our understanding of the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). However, these studies rarely focused on the African continent. The NeuroDev Project aims to address this diversity gap through detailed phenotypic and genetic characterization of children with NDDs from Kenya and South Africa. We present results from NeuroDev's first year of data collection, including phenotype data from 206 cases and clinical genetic analyses of 99 parent-child trios. Most cases met criteria for global developmental delay/intellectual disability (GDD/ID, 80.3%). Approximately half of the children with GDD/ID also met criteria for autism. Analysis of exome-sequencing data identified a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in 13 (17%) of the 75 cases from South Africa and 9 (38%) of the 24 cases from Kenya. Data from the trio pilot are publicly available, and the NeuroDev Project will continue to develop resources for the global genetics community.
Assessing the Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation on Pulmonary Inflammation in Male Mice Subchronically Exposed to Ambient Particulate Matter
Authors: Rui Zhang, Shen Chen, Ziwei Wang, Lizhu Ye, Yue Jiang, Miao Li, Xinhang Jiang, Hui Peng, Zhanyu Guo, Liping Chen, Rong Zhang, Yujie Niu, Michael Aschner, Daochuan Li, Wen Chen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2023)

Background: Chronic lung injury and dysregulated cellular homeostasis in response to particulate matter (PM) exposure are closely associated with adverse health effects. However, an effective intervention for preventing the adverse health effects has not been developed. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation on lung injury and elucidate the mechanism by which NMN improved immune function following subchronic PM exposure. Methods: Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were placed in a real-ambient PM exposure system or filtered air-equipped chambers (control) for 16 wk with or without NMN supplementation in drinking water (regarded as Con-H2O, Exp-H2O, Con-NMN and Exp-NMN groups, respectively) in Shijiazhuang City, China (n=20/group). The effects of NMN supplementation (500mg/kg) on PM-induced chronic pulmonary inflammation were assessed, and its mechanism was characterized using single-cell transcriptomic sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of whole lung cells. Results: The NMN-treated mice exhibited higher NAD+ levels in multiple tissues. Following 16-wk PM exposure, slightly less pulmonary inflammation and less collagen deposition were noted in mice with NMN supplementation in response to real-ambient PM exposure (Exp-NMN group) compared with the Exp-H2O group (all p<0.05). Mouse lung tissue isolated from the Exp-NMN group was characterized by fewer neutrophils, monocyte-derived cells, fibroblasts, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells induced by subchronic PM exposure as detected by scRNA-seq transcriptomic analysis. The improved immune functions were further characterized by interleukin-17 signaling pathway inhibition and lower secretion of profibrotic cytokines in the Exp-NMN group compared with the Exp-H2O group. In addition, reduced proportions of differentiated myofibroblasts and profibrotic interstitial macrophages were identified in the NMN-supplemented mice in response to PM exposure. Furthermore, less immune function suppression and altered differentiation of pathological cell phenotypes NMN was related to intracellular lipid metabolism activation. Discussion: Our novel findings suggest that NMN supplementation mitigated PM-induced lung injury by regulating immune functions and improving lipid metabolism in male mice, providing a putative intervention method for prevention of human health effects associated with PM exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12259
Circulating T cell profiles associate with enterotype signatures underlying hematological malignancy relapses
Authors: Nicolas Vallet, Maud Salmona, Jeanne Malet-Villemagne, Maxime Bredel, Louise Bondeelle, Simon Tournier, Séverine Mercier-Delarue, Stéphane Cassonnet, Brian Ingram, Régis Peffault de Latour, Anne Bergeron, Gérard Socié, Jérome Le Goff, Patricia Lepage, David Michonneau
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2023)
Lymph node medulla regulates the spatiotemporal unfolding of resident dendritic cell networks
Authors: Milas Ugur, R. Jacob Labios, Chloe Fenton, Konrad Knöpper, Katarzyna Jobin, Fabian Imdahl, Gosia Golda, Kathrin Hoh, Anika Grafen, Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba, Dominic Grün, Georg Gasteiger, Marc Bajénoff, Wolfgang Kastenmüller
Journal: Immunity (2023)

Unlike macrophage networks composed of long-lived tissue-resident cells within specific niches, conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) that generate a 3D network in lymph nodes (LNs) are short lived and continuously replaced by DC precursors (preDCs) from the bone marrow (BM). Here, we examined whether specific anatomical niches exist within which preDCs differentiate toward immature cDCs. In situ photoconversion and Prtn3-based fate-tracking revealed that the LN medullary cords are preferential entry sites for preDCs, serving as specific differentiation niches. Repopulation and fate-tracking approaches demonstrated that the cDC1 network unfolded from the medulla along the vascular tree toward the paracortex. During inflammation, collective maturation and migration of resident cDC1s to the paracortex created discontinuity in the medullary cDC1 network and temporarily impaired responsiveness. The decrease in local cDC1 density resulted in higher Flt3L availability in the medullary niche, which accelerated cDC1 development to restore the network. Thus, the spatiotemporal development of the cDC1 network is locally regulated in dedicated LN niches via sensing of cDC1 densities.
A Nested Case–Control Study of Serum Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Testicular Germ Cell Tumors among U.S. Air Force Servicemen
Authors: Mark P. Purdue, Jongeun Rhee, Hristina Denic-Roberts, Katherine A. McGlynn, Celia Byrne, Joshua Sampson, Julianne Cook Botelho, Antonia M. Calafat, Jennifer Rusiecki
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2023)

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a component of firefighting foams used at military installations. Although high PFAS exposures have been related to cancer risks among civilian populations, the effects for military personnel are unclear.We investigated associations between serum PFAS concentrations and testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) among U.S. Air Force servicemen.This nested case-control study involved active-duty Air Force servicemen with sera from the Department of Defense Serum Repository. We selected 530 cases and 530 controls individually matched on birth date, race and ethnicity, year entered the service, and year of sample collection, with prediagnostic serum samples collected between 1988 and 2017. A second prediagnostic sample, collected a median of 4 y after the first, was selected for 187 case-control pairs. Seven PFAS were quantified using isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from conditional logistic regression adjusting for military grade, number of deployments, and, in some models, other PFAS, estimated associations between PFAS concentrations (categorized using quartiles among controls) and TGCT.Elevated concentrations of some PFAS were observed for military employment in firefighting [perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid] and service at a base with high PFAS concentrations in drinking water (PFHxS). Elevated PFOS concentrations in the second sample were positively associated with TGCT [OR for fourth vs. first quartile (ORQ4)=2.6, 95% CI: 1.1, 6.4; ptrend=0.02], including after adjustment for other PFAS (ORQ4=4.6, 95% CI: 1.4, 15.1; ptrend=0.009). Associations with PFOS in the first/only samples were weak and not statistically significant. Elevated concentrations of perfluorononanoic acid were inversely associated with TGCT, whereas results were null for other PFAS.We identified service-related predictors of PFAS concentrations and increased TGCT relative risks with elevated PFOS concentrations among Air Force servicemen. These findings warrant further investigation in other populations and military service branches. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12603.
Picolinic acid is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of enveloped virus entry that restricts SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus in vivo
Authors: Rohan Narayan, Mansi Sharma, Rajesh Yadav, Abhijith Biji, Oyahida Khatun, Sumandeep Kaur, Aditi Kanojia, Christy Margrat Joy, Raju Rajmani, Pallavi Raj Sharma, Sharumathi Jeyasankar, Priya Rani, Radha Krishan Shandil, Shridhar Narayanan, Durga Chilakalapudi Rao, Vijaya Satchidanandam, Saumitra Das, Rachit Agarwal, Shashank Tripathi
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2023)

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights an urgent need for effective antivirals. Targeting host processes co-opted by viruses is an attractive antiviral strategy with a high resistance barrier. Picolinic acid (PA) is a tryptophan metabolite endogenously produced in mammals. Here, we report the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of PA against enveloped viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A virus (IAV), flaviviruses, herpes simplex virus, and parainfluenza virus. Mechanistic studies reveal that PA inhibits enveloped virus entry by compromising viral membrane integrity, inhibiting virus-cellular membrane fusion, and interfering with cellular endocytosis. More importantly, in pre-clinical animal models, PA exhibits promising antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and IAV. Overall, our data establish PA as a broad-spectrum antiviral with promising pre-clinical efficacy against pandemic viruses SARS-CoV-2 and IAV.