tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Funding Opportunities Designed to Promote Antiracist Change Across a Health Sciences University
Authors: Constance R. Tucker, Elizabeth Lahti, Patricia A. Carney
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

As health professionals acknowledge the historic and current influences racism has on patient care and health outcomes, leaders must develop antiracist activities to disrupt current narratives.To examine the outcomes of antiracism funding opportunities for development, implementation, and evaluation of initiatives across a multi-health professions academic university.This mixed-methods cohort study involved the evaluation of 17 antiracism projects conducted at a midsize single academic university in the Pacific Northwest with schools of dentistry, medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and public health. Projects were designed by students, faculty, staff, and community members, many of whom were from diverse backgrounds. Data collection and analyses were conducted between January and December 2022.Influence and reach of institutionally funded antiracist projects and best practices for funding them. Key metrics included project types, allocation of funds, level of community engagement, number of individuals engaged, demographic characteristics of project leaders, and project facilitators and barriers.Forty-two proposals were submitted, and 17 were selected for funding, representing 3 of 5 health profession schools. Study teams included women (15 of 19 [79%]), gender queer (1 [5%]), Asian American (5 [26%]), Black or African American (2 [11%]), Hispanic or Latinx (1 [5%]), Middle Eastern, North African, or biracial (4 [21%]) and White (7 [37%]) individuals. Four of 17 teams (24%) returned funds because their proposed projects exceeded their workload. Eight projects (47%) were fully implemented, most in the School of Medicine. Community engagement surveys were completed by 10 projects (59%), and 1741 participants engaged in 1 or more funded events. Two focus groups were attended by 7 of 17 projects (41%), which reflected diversity among grantees. Participants noted that facilitators of antiracist activities included strong community engagement, improved well-being, and sense of support by both the community and the institution. Barriers to advancing antiracist initiatives included restrictive timelines, being unprepared for the time needed for their efforts, distrust from community members due to previous experiences with diversity and inclusion projects, and difficulties navigating complex institutional systems and processes.The findings of this study suggest that efforts needed to implement antiracist change should not be underestimated. Engagement should be inclusive across academic health centers and communities. Future efforts need to support innovator full-time equivalent support, individual mentorship, and institutional sponsorship.
Ongoing Challenges in the Diagnosis of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody–Associated Disease
Authors: Patrick Lipps, Ana Beatriz Ayroza Galvão Ribeiro Gomes, Laila Kulsvehagen, Matthias Anthony Mutke, Jens Kuhle, Athina Papadopoulou, Anne-Katrin Pröbstel
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

This cross-sectional study examines whether proposed myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–associated disease (MOGAD) diagnostic criteria can exclude other diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, and rely on results of cell-based assays.
Tregs tame skin bacteria and IFN-γ–associated pathology
Authors: Michail S. Lionakis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2023)

Mibrobial dysbiosis worsens cutaneous leishmaniasis. In this issue of JEM, Singh et al. (2023. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20230558) show that Rorγt+ regulatory T cells suppress pathogenic IFN-γ responses to control Staphylococcus aureus growth and limit S. aureus– and Leishmamia braziliensis–associated immunopathology at the skin barrier.
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination–induced immunological memory in human nonlymphoid and lymphoid tissues
Authors: Vanessa Proß, Arne Sattler, Sören Lukassen, Laura Tóth, Linda Marie Laura Thole, Janine Siegle, Carolin Stahl, An He, Georg Damm, Daniel Seehofer, Christina Götz, Christian Bayerl, Pia Jäger, Alexander Macke, Stephan Eggeling, Bernadette Kirzinger, Thomas Mayr, Hermann Herbst, Katharina Beyer, Dominik Laue, Jan Krönke, Jan Braune, Friederike Rosseck, Beatrice Kittner, Frank Friedersdorff, Mandy Hubatsch, Sarah Weinberger, Nils Lachmann, Veit Maria Hofmann, Eva Schrezenmeier, Carolin Ludwig, Hubert Schrezenmeier, Katharina Jechow, Christian Conrad, Katja Kotsch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2023)

Tissue-resident lymphocytes provide organ-adapted protection against invading pathogens. Whereas their biology has been examined in great detail in various infection models, their generation and functionality in response to vaccination have not been comprehensively analyzed in humans. We therefore studied SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine-specific T cells in surgery specimens of kidney, liver, lung, bone marrow, and spleen compared with paired blood samples from largely virus-naive individuals. As opposed to lymphoid tissues, nonlymphoid organs harbored significantly elevated frequencies of spike-specific CD4+ T cells compared with blood showing hallmarks of tissue residency and an expanded memory pool. Organ-derived CD4+ T cells further exhibited increased polyfunctionality over those detected in blood. Single-cell RNA-Seq together with T cell receptor repertoire analysis indicated that the clonotype rather than organ origin is a major determinant of transcriptomic state in vaccine-specific CD4+ T cells. In summary, our data demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination entails acquisition of tissue memory and residency features in organs distant from the inoculation site, thereby contributing to our understanding of how local tissue protection might be accomplished.
Comparative Population Transcriptomics Provide New Insight into the Evolutionary History and Adaptive Potential of World Ocean Krill
Authors: Marvin Choquet, Felix Lenner, Arianna Cocco, Gaëlle Toullec, Erwan Corre, Jean-Yves Toullec, Andreas Wallberg
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2023)

Genetic variation is instrumental for adaptation to changing environments but it is unclear how it is structured and contributes to adaptation in pelagic species lacking clear barriers to gene flow. Here, we applied comparative genomics to extensive transcriptome datasets from 20 krill species collected across the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, and Southern Oceans. We compared genetic variation both within and between species to elucidate their evolutionary history and genomic bases of adaptation. We resolved phylogenetic interrelationships and uncovered genomic evidence to elevate the cryptic Euphausia similis var. armata into species. Levels of genetic variation and rates of adaptive protein evolution vary widely. Species endemic to the cold Southern Ocean, such as the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba, showed less genetic variation and lower evolutionary rates than other species. This could suggest a low adaptive potential to rapid climate change. We uncovered hundreds of candidate genes with signatures of adaptive evolution among Antarctic Euphausia but did not observe strong evidence of adaptive convergence with the predominantly Arctic Thysanoessa. We instead identified candidates for cold-adaptation that have also been detected in Antarctic fish, including genes that govern thermal reception such as TrpA1. Our results suggest parallel genetic responses to similar selection pressures across Antarctic taxa and provide new insights into the adaptive potential of important zooplankton already affected by climate change.
ChatGPT promotes healthcare: current applications and potential challenges
Authors: Xuewei Wu, Bin Zhang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding Author. Address: No. 613 Huangpu West Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510627, China. Tel: +86 15217921427; E-mail address: [email protected] (B. Zhang). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License 4.0 (CCBY-NC), where it is permissible to download, share, remix, transform, and buildup the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Antimicrobial-loaded biodegradable nanoemulsions for efficient clearance of intracellular pathogens in bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Jessa Marie V. Makabenta, Ahmed Nabawy, Aritra Nath Chattopadhyay, Jungmi Park, Cheng-Hsuan Li, Ritabrita Goswami, David C. Luther, Rui Huang, Muhammad Aamir Hassan, Vincent M. Rotello
Journal: Biomaterials (2023)
Hepatitis B virus infection disrupts homologous recombination in hepatocellular carcinoma by stabilizing resection inhibitor ADRM1
Authors: Ming Zeng, Zizhi Tang, Laifeng Ren, Haibin Wang, Xiaojun Wang, Wenyuan Zhu, Xiaobing Mao, Zeyang Li, Xianming Mo, Jun Chen, Junhong Han, Daochun Kong, Jianguo Ji, Antony M. Carr, Cong Liu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2023)

Many cancers harbor homologous recombination defects (HRDs). A HRD is a therapeutic target that is being successfully utilized in treatment of breast/ovarian cancer via synthetic lethality. However, canonical HRD caused by BRCAness mutations do not prevail in liver cancer. Here we report a subtype of HRD caused by the perturbation of a proteasome variant (CDW19S) in hepatitis B virus-bearing (HBV-bearing) cells. This amalgamate protein complex contained the 19S proteasome decorated with CRL4WDR70 ubiquitin ligase, and assembled at broken chromatin in a PSMD4Rpn10- and ATM-MDC1-RNF8-dependent manner. CDW19S promoted DNA end processing via segregated modules that promote nuclease activities of MRE11 and EXO1. Contrarily, a proteasomal component, ADRM1Rpn13, inhibited resection and was removed by CRL4WDR70-catalyzed ubiquitination upon commitment of extensive resection. HBx interfered with ADRM1Rpn13 degradation, leading to the imposition of ADRM1Rpn13-dependent resection barrier and consequent viral HRD subtype distinguishable from that caused by BRCA1 defect. Finally, we demonstrated that viral HRD in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma can be exploited to restrict tumor progression. Our work clarifies the underlying mechanism of a virus-induced HRD subtype.
Oncolytic virus M1 functions as a bifunctional checkpoint inhibitor to enhance the antitumor activity of DC vaccine
Authors: Jia Dan, Jing Cai, Yingqian Zhong, Chaoqun Wang, Shanyu Huang, Ying Zeng, Zhen Fan, Cuiying Xu, Linyi Hu, Jiayu Zhang, Jun Hu, Ying Liu, Xingwen Su, Wenbo Zhu, Guangmei Yan, Jiankai Liang, Yuan Lin
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2023)

Although promising, dendritic cell (DC) vaccines still provide limited clinical benefits, mainly due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and the lack of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Oncolytic virus therapy is an ideal strategy to overcome immunosuppression and expose TAAs; therefore, they may work synergistically with DC vaccines. In this study, we demonstrate that oncolytic virus M1 (OVM) can enhance the antitumor effects of DC vaccines across diverse syngeneic mouse tumor models by increasing the infiltration of CD8+ effector T cells in the TME. Mechanically, we show that tumor cells counteract DC vaccines through the SIRPα-CD47 immune checkpoint, while OVM can downregulate SIRPα in DCs and CD47 in tumor cells. Since OVM upregulates PD-L1 in DCs, combining PD-L1 blockade with DC vaccines and OVM further enhances antitumor activity. Overall, OVM strengthens the antitumor efficacy of DC vaccines by targeting the SIRPα-CD47 axis, which exerts dominant immunosuppressive effects on DC vaccines.
Drug-Induced Uveitis Related to Checkpoint Inhibitors and MAP-kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Thomas Thibault, Inès Ben Ghezala, Romane Freppel, Abdessamad Rajillah, Charlène Boulay, Pierre Brunel, Marina Atzenhoffer, Clément Auvens, Hervé Devilliers, Aurélie Grandvuillemin
Journal: Ophthalmology (2023)
IL-2-driven CD8+ T cell phenotypes: implications for immunotherapy
Authors: Veronika Niederlova, Oksana Tsyklauri, Marek Kovar, Ondrej Stepanek
Journal: Trends in Immunology (2023)

The therapeutic potential of interleukin (IL)-2 in cancer treatment has been known for decades, yet its widespread adoption in clinical practice remains limited. Recently, chimeric proteins of an anti-PD-1 antibody and suboptimal IL-2 variants were shown to stimulate potent antitumor and antiviral immunity by inducing unique effector CD8
Implantable Flexible Sensors for Health Monitoring
Authors: Aoxi Yu, Mingye Zhu, Congkai Chen, Yang Li, Haixia Cui, Shujuan Liu, Qiang Zhao
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Flexible sensors, as a significant component of flexible electronics, have attracted great interest the realms of human-computer interaction and health monitoring due to their high conformability, adjustable sensitivity, and excellent durability. In comparison to wearable sensor-based in vitro health monitoring, the use of implantable flexible sensors (IFSs) for in vivo health monitoring offers more accurate and reliable vital sign information due to their ability to adapt and directly integrate with human tissue. IFSs show tremendous promise in the field of health monitoring, with unique advantages such as robust signal reading capabilities, lightweight design, flexibility, and biocompatibility. Herein, a review of IFSs for vital signs monitoring is detailly provided, highlighting the essential conditions for in vivo applications. As the prerequisites of IFSs, the stretchability and wireless self-powered properties of the sensor are discussed, with a special attention paid to the sensing materials which can maintain prominent biosafety (i.e., biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioresorbability). Furthermore, the applications of IFSs monitoring various parts of the body are described in detail, with a summary in brain monitoring, eye monitoring, and blood monitoring. Finally, the challenges as well as opportunities in the development of next-generation IFSs are presented.
Risk of delayed bleeding after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: the Limoges Bleeding Score
Authors: Monica Enguita German, Jérémie Jacques, Jérémie Albouys, Sheyla Montori Pina, Safia Boukechiche, Eduardo Albéniz, Guillaume Vidal, Romain Legros, Martin Dahan, Hugo Lepetit, Mathieu Pioche, Marion Schaefer, Sophie Geyl, Paul Carrier, Veronique Loustaud-Ratti, Virginie Valgueblasse, Clémentine Brule, Rebecca Rodrigues
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Clinically significant delayed bleeding (CSDB) is a frequent, and sometimes severe, adverse event after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). We evaluated risk factors of CSDB after colorectal ESD.
One-device colonoscopy: feasibility, cost savings, and plastic waste reduction by procedure indication, when performed by a high detecting colonoscopist
Authors: Douglas K. Rex, Jackson A. Gallagher, Rachel E. Lahr, Krishna C. Vemulapalli, Prateek Sharma, Cesare Hassan
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Abstract Background Cold forceps and snares are each effective for removing polyps of 1–3 mm, while snares are more effective for polyps of 4–10 mm in size. If, in the same patient, polyps of 1–3 mm are removed with forceps and those of 4–10 mm with snares, two devices are used. If cold snares are used to resect all lesions of 1–10 mm (one-device colonoscopy), there is a potential for lower costs and less plastic waste. Methods A single high detecting colonoscopist prospectively measured the feasibility of cold snaring all colorectal lesions of ≤10 mm in size, along with the associated costs and plastic waste reduction. Results 677 consecutive lower gastrointestinal endoscopies (not for inflammatory bowel disease) were assessed. Of 1430 lesions of 1–3 mm and 1685 lesions of 4–10 mm in size, 1428 (99.9%, 95%CI 99.5%–100%) and 1674 (99.3%, 95%CI 98.8%–99.7%), respectively, were successfully resected using cold snaring. Among 379 screening and surveillance patients, universal cold snaring of lesions ≤10 mm saved 35 and 47 cold forceps per 100 screening and surveillance patients, respectively. Conclusion Cold snare resection of all lesions ≤10 mm (one-device colonoscopy) was feasible, and reduced costs and plastic waste.
2023 UN High-Level Meeting on tuberculosis
Authors: Talha Burki
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2023)

On Sept 22, 2023, the UN General Assembly hosted its second high-level meeting on tuberculosis. "For millennia, our ancestors have suffered and died with this disease, without knowing what it was, what caused it, or how to stop it", noted WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, in his remarks opening the summit. "Today, we have knowledge and tools they could only have dreamed of. We have political commitment. And we have an opportunity that no generation in the history of humanity has had: the opportunity to write the final chapter in the story of tuberculosis".
Representation and reporting of diverse groups in randomised controlled trials of pharmacological agents in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review
Authors: Mythili Menon Pathiyil, Anuraag Jena, Arvind Kumar Venkataramana Raju, Tina Aswani Omprakash, Vishal Sharma, Shaji Sebastian
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2023)
Multifunctional Nanoclay‐Based Hemostatic Materials for Wound Healing: A Review
Authors: Ya Tan, Qian Yang, Meng Zheng, Muhammad Tariq Sarwar, Huaming Yang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Bleeding to death accounts for around 30–40% of all trauma‐related fatalities. Current hemostatic materials are mainly mono‐functional or have insufficient hemostatic capacity. Nanoclay has been recently shown to accelerate hemostasis, improve wound healing, and provide the resulting multifunctional hemostatic materials antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, and healing‐promoting due to its distinctive morphological structure and physicochemical properties. Herein, the chemical design and action mechanism of nanoclay‐based hemostatic, antibacterial, and pro‐wound healing materials in the context of wound healing are discussed. The physiological processes of hemostasis and wound healing to elucidate the significance of nanoclay for functional wound hemostatic dressing design are outlined. A summary of the features of various nanoclay and product types used in wound hemostatic dressings is provided. Nanoclay can be antimicrobial due to the slow release of metal ions and has an abundant surface charge allowing for high affinity for proteins and cells, which can activate the coagulation reaction or facilitate tissue repair. Nanoclay with a microporous structure can be used as drug carriers to create composites critical for inhibiting bacterial growth on wounds or promoting the regeneration of vascular, muscle, and skin tissues. Directions for further research and innovation of nanoclay‐based multifunctional materials for hemostasis and tissue regeneration are explored.
Introduction to the Theme “Pharmacological Individuality: New Insights and Strategies for Personalized and Precise Drug Treatment”
Authors: Urs A. Meyer, Susan G. Amara, Terrence F. Blaschke, Paul A. Insel
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2023)

The reviews in Volume 64 of the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology cover diverse topics. A common theme in many of the reviews is the interindividual variability in the clinical response to drugs. Highlighted areas include emerging developments in pharmacogenomics that can predict the personal risk for drug inefficacy and/or adverse drug reactions. Other reviews focus on the use of circulating biomarkers to define drug metabolism phenotypes and the effect of circadian regulation on drug response. Another emerging technology, digital twins that model individual patients, is used to generate computational simulations of drug effects and identify optimal personalized treatments. Another variable that may affect clinical outcomes, the nocebo response (an adverse reaction to a placebo), complicates clinical trials. These reviews further document that pharmacological individuality is an essential component of the concepts of personalized medicine and precision medicine and will likely have an important impact on patient care. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 64 is January 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
HIV-1 drug resistance in people on dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy: a collaborative cohort analysis
Authors: Tom Loosli, Stefanie Hossmann, Suzanne M Ingle, Hajra Okhai, Katharina Kusejko, Johannes Mouton, Pantxika Bellecave, Ard van Sighem, Melanie Stecher, Antonella d'Arminio Monforte, M John Gill, Caroline A Sabin, Gary Maartens, Huldrych F Günthard, Jonathan A C Sterne, Richard Lessells, Matthias Egger, Roger D Kouyos
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2023)
Disclosure of Prediction Model
Authors: Frits I. Mulder, Noori A.M. Guman, Harry R. Buller, Nick Van Es
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

With great interest we read the work of Muñoz et al 1 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology presenting the ONCOTHROMB score, a promising prediction tool for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer.The score combines three clinical risk factors (BMI, cancer type, and cancer stage) with a germline polygenic risk score including nine genetic variants.This concept is innovative and addresses an unmet need as improvements in VTE prediction are needed to select patients with cancer at highest risk of VTE for pharmacological thromboprophylaxis. 2-4 When presenting a new prediction model, it is generally agreed to adhere to the international TRIPOD criteria for reporting of multivariable prediction models. 5Although the authors stated that these criteria were followed, it appears that not all items were reported.We respectfully believe that some of these points of the TRIPOD statement merit careful consideration as they might influence the internal and external validity of the score.
Reply to F.I. Mulder et al
Authors: Andrés Muñoz, Eduardo Salas, José Manuel Soria
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

Mulder et al 1 raised some questions/comments in relation to our study 2 on the ONCOTHROMB score, a clinical genetic prediction tool for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer that we have developed and validated.Regarding the first comment, the regression coefficients are not shown because they are considered intellectual property.We want to highlight that, as the most relevant point in our reply to Mulder et al, 1 we are very interested in collaborating with other researchers for publishing the results of the ONCOTHROMB score in other patient populations with cancer as we have done with the researchers from the VIENNA CATS study.In addition, other cohorts of patients with cancer are being analyzed to test the ONCOTHROMB score in ongoing collaborations.