tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Old enemies. Combating syphilis and gonorrhea in the 1990s
Authors: H. H. Handsfield
Journal: JAMA (1990)

A recent issue of<i>JAMA</i>carried a policy statement from the Council on Scientific Affairs of the American Medical Association that reaffirmed the Association's commitment to public health and to fostering cooperation between clinicians and public health professionals.<sup>1</sup>In an accompanying editorial,<sup>2</sup>Roger Bulger, MD, eloquently summarized the educational and philosophic differences that, at times, have inhibited collaboration between these two groups. Perhaps no health problems better exemplify the importance of an interactive partnership between clinicians and public health practitioners than sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). In this issue ofThe Journal, two reports from the Centers for Disease Control<sup>3,4</sup>present important recent developments in the epidemiology and treatment of syphilis and gonorrhea, the most common of the classic "old" STDs. Both reports describe national trends and have a relatively pure public health perspective. Is the information relevant to daily practice? What is the clinician's role in the
Prosper Menière (1799-1862)
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 572: Induction of NAD(P)H-Quinone oxidoreductase 1 by antioxidants in female ACI rats is associated with decrease in oxidative DNA damage and inhibition of estrogen-induced breast cancer
Authors: Hari K. Bhat, Bhupendra Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Exact mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of estrogen-related cancers are not clear. Literature evidence and our studies strongly support the role of estrogen metabolism-mediated oxidative stress in estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis. We have recently demonstrated that antioxidants vitamin C and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) or estrogen metabolism inhibitor α-naphthoflavone (ANF) inhibit 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced mammary tumorigenesis in female ACI rats. The objective of the current study was to identify the mechanism of antioxidant-mediated protection against E2-induced DNA damage and mammary tumorigenesis. Female ACI rats were treated with E2 in the presence or absence of vitamin C or BHA or ANF for up to 240 days. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and NAD(P)H-Quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) mRNA and protein levels were suppressed in E2-exposed mammary tissue and in mammary tumors after treatment of rats with E2 for 240 days. This suppression was overcome by co-treatment of rats with E2 and vitamin C or BHA. Vitamin C and BHA significantly increased NQO1 levels after 120 days. 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were higher in E2-exposed mammary tissue and in mammary tumors compared to age-matched controls. Vitamin C or BHA treatment significantly decreased E2-mediated increase in 8-OHdG levels in the mammary tissue. In vitro studies using silencer RNA confirmed the role of NQO1 in prevention of oxidative DNA damage. Our studies further demonstrate that NQO1 upregulation by antioxidants is mediated through NRF2. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 572. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-572
Caring for Dying Patients: What Is Right?
Authors: Mary Bretscher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

Article Tools THE ART OF ONCOLOGY: WHEN THE TUMOR IS NOT THE TARGET Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.1.233 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 10623715 Caring for Dying Patients: What Is Right? Mary BretscherxMary BretscherSearch for articles by this author Show More From the Springfield ClinicSpringfield, IL. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2000.18.1.233 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "Caring for Dying Patients: What Is Right?." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 18(1), p. 233© 2000 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Contents
Authors: R Moreau, R Bataller, T Berg, S Lotersztajn, J Zucman-Rossi, R Jalan, J Walicki, G Marchesini, M Petroni, H Cortez-Pinto, R Dhiman, G Grover, M Premkumar, S Taneja, A Duseja, S Arora, S Rathi, S Satsangi, A Roy, Mmphcrf Investigators, S Faure-Dupuy, M Delphin, L Aillot, L Dimier, F Lebosse, J Fresquet, R Parent, M Matter, N Rivoire, A Bendriss-Vermare, D Salvetti, L Heide, K Flores, A Klumpp, F Lam, M Zoulim, D Heikenwa ¨lder, J Durantel, K Childs, C Davis, M Cannon, S Montague, A Filipe, L Tong, P Simmonds, D Smith, E Thomson, G Dusheiko, K Agarwal, E Degasperi, A Spinetti, A Lombardi, S Landonio, M Rossi, L Pasulo, P Pozzoni, A Giorgini, P Fabris, A Romano, L Lomonaco, M Puoti, M Vinci, F Gatti, G Carolo, A Zoncada, P Bonfanti, F Russo, A Aghemo, A Soria, R Centenaro, F Maggiolo, P Rovere, F Pasin, V Paon, G Faggiano, A Vario, G Grossi, R Soffredini, C Carriero, S Paolucci, F Noventa, A Alberti, P Lampertico, S Fagiuoli, C Rossi, D Jeong, S Wong, G Mckee, Z Butt, J Buxton, J Wong, M Darvishian, S Bartlett, H Samji, A Yu, M Binka, M Alvarez, P Adu, M Tyndall, M Krajden, N Janjua, M Sorribas, M Jakob, B Yilmaz, H Li, D Stutz, Y Noser, A Gottardi, S Moghadamrad, M Hassan, A Albillos, R France, O Juanola, I Spadoni, M Rescigno, R Wiest, M Serra-Burriel, I Graupera, P Tora, M Thiele, D Roulot, Wai-Sun Wong, I Neil Guha, N Fabrellas, A Arslanow, C Expo, R Herna ´ndez, Lai-Hung Wong, D Harman, S Darwish Murad, A Krag, G Pera, P Angeli, P Galle, G Aithal, L Caballeria, L Castera, P Gine, F Lammert, S.-L Zhou, Z.-J Zhou, Z.-Q Hu, C.-L Song, Y.-J Luo, C.-B Luo, H.-Y Xin, X.-R Yang, Y.-H Shi, Z Wang, X.-W Huang, Y Cao, J Fan, J Zhou, J Ricke, H Klu ¨mpen, H Amthauer, I Bargellini, P Bartenstein, E De Toni, A Gasbarrini, M Pech, M Peck-Radosavljevic, P Popovic, O Rosmorduc, E Schott, M Seidensticker, C Verslype, B Sangro, P Malfertheiner, F Tovoli, L Ielasi, A Casadei-Gardini, A Granito, F Foschi, G Rovesti, G Negrini, G Orsi, M Renzulli, F Piscaglia, L Barbier, J.-C Nault, F Dujardin, B Scotto, M Besson, A De Muret, P Bourlier, E Salame, Y Bacq
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
Release of [<sup>3</sup>H]Acetylcholine in Human Isolated Bronchi: Effect of Indomethacin on Muscarinic Autoinhibition
Authors: Ignaz Wessler, Heribert Bender, Peter Härle, Karl-Dieter Höhle, Gerhard Kirdorf, Holger Klapproth, Torsten Reinheimer, Jan Říčný, Klaus E. Schniepp-Mendelssohn, Kurt Racké
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Receptor-mediated regulation of acetylcholine release in the airways, particularly in humans, remains unclear. In the present study, the tissue content of acetylcholine and release of [3H]acetylcholine were measured in freshly dissected human bronchi obtained at thoracotomy. Large (main and lobar bronchi) and small (segmental and subsegmental bronchi) airways contained considerable amounts of endogenous acetylcholine (300 ± 50 pmol/100 mg wet weight), whereas significantly less was found in lung parenchyma (60 ± 30 pmol/100 mg). Isolated small bronchi incubated in an organ bath with the precursor [3H]choline synthesized significant amounts of [3H]acetylcholine (26,000 ± 4,000 dpm/100 mg). Subsequent transmural stimulation (four 20 s trains at 15 Hz) of radiolabeled bronchi caused an enhanced tritium outflow that was abolished by removal of extracellular calcium or by tetrodotoxin. HPLC analysis of the medium collected before, during, and after transmural stimulation showed that the electrically stimulated tritium outflow represented exclusively [3H]acetylcholine, whereas the outflow of [3H]choline and [3H]phosphorylcholine was not affected by electrical stimulation. Oxotremorine (0.1 and 1 μmol/L) inhibited evoked [3H]acetylcholine release in a concentration-related manner, whereas atropine (0.03 μmol/L) enhanced evoked [3H]acetylcholine release. Inactivation of cyclooxygenase activity by 3 3mol/L of indomethacin did not impair the inhibitory effect of 0.1 or 1 μmol/L of oxotremorine. In conclusion, the present experiments indicate a considerable cholinergic innervation of human large and small airways. Release of [3H]acetylcholine is under the inhibitory control of muscarinic autoreceptors; under the present in vitro conditions, the inhibitory mechanism of these neuronal receptors does not depend on cyclooxygenase activity.
Outcome and prognostic factors in stage III favorable histology Wilms tumor (FHWT): A report from the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) study AREN0532.
Authors: Conrad Vincent Fernandez, Elizabeth Anne Mullen, Peter F. Ehrlich, John A. Kalapurakal, Geetika Khanna, Yueh-Yun Chi, Elizabeth Perlman, Arnold Paulino, Thomas Edward Hamilton, Kenneth William Gow, Fernando Anthony Ferrer, Zelig Tochner, Qi An, Fredric A. Hoffer, Janice Withycombe, Robert C. Shamberger, James I. Geller, James Robert Anderson, Paul Edward Grundy, Jeffrey S. Dome
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

10010 Background: National Wilms Tumor Study 5 showed an inferior outcome for stage III FHWT patients with combined Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosomes 1p and 16q when treated with Regimen DD4A (vincristine/dactinomycin/doxorubicin/radiation therapy (RT)). Patients with combined LOH were thus treated with increased therapy on COG study AREN0533. We evaluated the outcomes and prognostic utility of clinical and biological variables for the remaining stage III FHWT patients. Methods: From October 2006 to August 2013, 583 eligible patients met COG stage III criteria on central review of pathology, diagnostic imaging and surgical reports. Forty patients found to have combined LOH 1p and 16q were excluded from the survival analysis. All patients received DD4A; those with anaplasia at delayed nephrectomy were removed from protocol therapy. Tumor 1p and 16q LOH status was determined by microsatellite analysis. Results: Median follow up was 42 months (1.5-90). Median age at diagnosis was 45 months (range 1.4-220); 381 (70%) were white. Median tumor weight was 550 grams (22-3140). The 4-year event-free survival (EFS) and OS estimates were 88% (95%CI: 85-91%) and 96% (95%CI 93-98%), respectively. Fifty-eight out of 62 events occurred in the first 2 years. Site of relapse: lung +/- other (n = 35), abdomen or pelvis (n = 5), liver (n = 5), other (n = 15). Causes of death: relapse (n = 12), toxicity (n = 2), second malignancy (n = 1), non-cancer death (n = 1), other (n = 1). 123/543 (23%) had delayed nephrectomy. Submitted delayed nephrectomy histology showed: Anaplasia (n = 8); Low Risk/completely necrotic (n = 5; 0 relapses), Intermediate risk (n = 54; 6 relapses), High-Risk/Blastemal Type (n = 4; 4 relapses) and Indeterminate (n = 2; 2 relapses). Other prognostic variables examined in the table below. Conclusions: Most stage III FHWT patients had very good EFS and OS with DD4A and RT. Lymph node status, post-chemotherapy histology, and LOH were predictive of EFS. Future trials should consider modifying therapy based on identified prognostic markers. Clinical trial information: NCT00352534. n EFS P value OS P value Lymph Nodes Negative 237 95% < 0.01 98% 0.18 Positive 152 83% 95% Gross residual disease Negative 394 89% 0.14 97% 0.39 Positive 134 85% 93% LOH Neither 382 92% < 0.01 97% 0.55 16q only 99 83% 97% 1p only 56 74% 93%
Status Change to Open Access After Publication
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Kathryn P. Goggin, MD; Veronica Gonzalez-Pena, PhD; Yuki Inaba, BS; Kim J. Allison, BSN; David K. Hong, MD; Asim A. Ahmed, MD; Desiree Hollemon, MSN, MPH; Sivaraman Natarajan, PhD; Ousman Mahmud, PhD; William Kuenzinger, BS; Sarah Youssef, MSc; Abigail Brenner, BS; Gabriela Maron, MD; John Choi, MD, PhD; Jeffrey E. Rubnitz, MD, PhD; Yilun Sun, MS; Li Tang, PhD; Joshua Wolf, MBBS, PhD, FRACP; Charles Gawad, MD, PhD
Diseases of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Samuel L. Gargill, Mark Falcon Lesses
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

SINCE 1942, when the last review of this subject appeared in the Journal, 1 there have been many important advances in the understanding of the biochemistry and physiology of the thyroid gland. In addition, a new group of substances that are goitrogenic and at the same time markedly depress thyroid function have been extensively investigated. Radio-iodine, which has been widely used in the investigation of thyroid physiology and iodine metabolism, has reached the stage of clinical usefulness in the treatment of toxic goiter. The value of blood iodine studies continues to be demonstrated, with chief emphasis on the protein-bound iodine of . . .
PTU-176 Central obesity and age predict cardia mucosal length in healthy volunteers: evidence for an acquired entity
Authors: E V Robertson, M H Derakhshan, A A Wirz, Y Y Lee, S A Hanvey, S A Ballantyne, J J Going, K E L McColl
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Oesophageal adenocarcinoma is thought to arise from columnar metaplasia of distal oesophageal mucosa caused by gastro-oesophageal reflux. Obesity is a risk factor for this process. There is some evidence that “normal” cardia may be an acquired mucosa arising through the same pathway and predisposing to adenocarcinoma development at this site. The influence of obesity on the aetiology of cardia mucosa is unknown. <h3>Methods</h3> 62 <i>H pylori</i> negative healthy volunteers (age 18–74 years) were recruited. BMI, waist circumference and gender were recorded. MRI (Phillips 1.5T) was performed for quantification of visceral and subcutaneous fat (average of three axial planes; L2, L3 and L4). Upper GI endoscopy was performed with biopsies of the gastrooesophageal junction. Biopsies were taken in a craniocaudal direction and targeted to include enough squamous mucosa to confirm position. Intra-procedure pathological feedback was available and two to three biopsies were taken to optimise accuracy. Junctional biopsies were assessed to determine cardia length, considered measurable provided there was consecutive squamous, cardia and oxyntic mucosal types present. Non-parametric correlations were examined between BMI, waist circumference and cardia length and between fat distribution quantified by MRI and cardia length. Regression analysis (Stepwise method) incorporating age, BMI, waist circumference and MRI total fat was used to determine predictors of cardia length. <h3>Results</h3> 37 of 62 volunteers had at least one junctional biopsy including squamous, cardia and oxyntic mucosa; median total length 6.5 mm (IQR 1.6). Median cardia mucosal length was 2.5 mm (IQR 1.5 mm). Length of cardia mucosa increased with age (R=0.457, p=0.004) and with waist circumference (R=0.466, p=0.004). A correlation was also seen with intra-abdominal fat (R=0.374, p=0.027) and total fat measured by MRI (R=0.389, p=0.021) but not with subcutaneous fat (p=0.091). There was no significant correlation with BMI. On regression analysis the independent predictors of cardia mucosa length were waist circumference (Standardised coefficient 0.342, p=0.035) and age (Standardised coefficient 0.322, p=0.046). Intestinal metaplasia at the cardia was seen in only 4 of 62 volunteers. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These findings suggest that cardia mucosa may be acquired with increasing age through a process of distal squamous columnar metaplasia accelerated by central obesity. A possible mechanism is opening of the distal portion of the lower oesophageal sphincter and short segment acid reflux. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Abstract 5272: Sensitive bioluminescent assays for monitoring changes in tumor and immune cell metabolism
Authors: Donna Marie Leippe, Natasha Karassina, Michael P. Valley, Gediminas Vidugiris, James J. Cali, Jolanta Vidugiriene
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract The tumor microenvironment is complex, containing diverse cell populations with individual nutrient requirements. Tumor and immune cells must respond to the dysregulated and changing conditions of the tumor microenvironment, as well as compete for fuels, to remain functional and viable. As metabolism is critical for proper cell function, e.g. for effective immune cell activity, understanding the metabolic needs of these cells is essential. We have developed a series of bioluminescent metabolite detection assays for monitoring cell metabolism. The assays share a common NAD(P)H bioluminescent detection technology that can be coupled with specific dehydrogenases to monitor key metabolic pathways such as: glycolysis with glucose and lactate detection; glutamine metabolism with glutamine and glutamate measurements; and lipolysis and lipogenesis with glycerol and triglyceride measurements. The assays were developed to have high sensitivity permitting detection of low levels of metabolites (femtomole detection limit), an important feature when samples contain only a few cells or small volumes. The assays can be used in a non-lytic format by analyzing metabolites in samples of collected cell culture medium. In this way changes over time can be monitored and the cells remain intact for additional measurements, such as multiplexing with viability or cytotoxicity assays. We have used these assays to study the metabolic activity of tumor cell lines and T cells. The induction of aerobic glycolysis is an early step in the activation of T cells. Here we present an example of detecting T cell activation in vitro by monitoring glycolysis and quantitating the increase in lactate secretion over time. Activation was observed only in the presence of both glucose and glutamine, confirming the requirements for both fuels and biochemical pathways for activation. In addition to understanding fuel requirements of cells, we also used the assays to follow changes of metabolic pathways in cancer cell lines treated with small molecule compounds. Treatment with such compounds could provide a means of manipulating tumor nutrient usage and metabolite secretion in the tumor microenvironment. In our experiments, metabolite levels were found to be altered by effectors of glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and glutamine metabolism. Multiplexing with viability and cytotoxicity assays provided information about cell health during the experiments. Citation Format: Donna Marie Leippe, Natasha Karassina, Michael P. Valley, Gediminas Vidugiris, James J. Cali, Jolanta Vidugiriene. Sensitive bioluminescent assays for monitoring changes in tumor and immune cell metabolism [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5272.
Male circumcision cuts risk of HIV by half
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Prophylaxis with heparin prevents pulmonary embolus in medical inpatientsAnticoagulant prophylaxis with unfractionated or low molecular weight heparins reduces the risk of pulmonary embolus by about half in selected medical inpatients, according to a meta-analysis of nine randomised trials.The trials included nearly 20 000 patients in total.Twenty of the 9915 (0.2%) patients given prophylaxis had a pulmonary embolus, compared with 49 of the 10 043 (0.49%) who had no prophylaxis (relative risk 0.43; 95% CI 0.26 to 0.71; absolute risk reduction 0.29%).The authors estimate that doctors would have to treat 345 inpatients to prevent one event.The treated patients, all of whom had currently recommended heparin regimens, were significantly less likely to have a fatal pulmonary embolus than controls (number needed to treat, 400).But the findings for symptomatic deep vein thrombosis were borderline.Prophylaxis had no impact on all cause mortality or incidence of major bleeding.So prophylaxis prevents both fatal and nonfatal pulmonary emboli.We still don't know, however, exactly who should get it and for how long.All the inpatients in these trials were described as "at risk," but there's no standard way of classifying risk among medical inpatients.The authors say that doctors should probably treat anyone who is immobile or has cancer, respiratory disease, sepsis, acute inflammatory disease, heart failure, or a history of venous thromboembolism.
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Authors: Takafumi Hiro, Takeshi Kimura, Takeshi Morimoto, Katsumi Miyauchi, Yoshihisa Nakagawa, Masakazu Yamagishi, Yukio Ozaki, Kazuo Kimura, Satoshi Saito, Tetsu Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki Daida, Masunori Matsuzaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INCIDENTAL STATIN USE AND SKELETAL MYOPATHIES IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS
Authors: Zsofia Drobni, Sean Murphy, Raza Alvi, Charlotte Lee, Jingyi Gong, Ramya Mosarla, Paula Rambarat, Sarah Hartmann, Hannah Gilman, Leyre Zubiri, Vineet Raghu, Ryan Sullivan, Amna Zafar, Daniel Zlotoff, Michael Dougan, Meghan Sise, Amanda Guidon, Kerry Reynolds, Tomas Neilan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
LONGEVITY IN IRELAND.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal