tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Living-Donor Liver Transplant for Patients With End-stage Liver Disease—Reply
Authors: Whitney E. Jackson, John S. Malamon
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Reply
Authors: Shannon M. Vandriel, Binita M. Kamath
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

We thank Drs Singh and Mondia for their interest in our work and their comments regarding our article titled "Natural history of liver disease in a large international Cohort of children with Alagille syndrome: results from The GALA Study." We acknowledge the absence of detailed analyses of extrahepatic manifestations in our paper. Since Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is dominated by cholestatic liver disease, the focus of our first manuscript was to describe the natural history of liver disease in the largest real-world cohort of ALGS. Additional analyses into other organ systems were simply beyond the scope of this paper. However, we absolutely agree that as Hepatologists/Gastroenterologists, we must think beyond the liver, and through the rich and robust Global Alagille Alliance (GALA) data set, these analyses are finally possible. The suggested analyses are currently planned or in progress and will allow us to coordinate subspecialist care and provide evidenced-based holistic care. We look forward to sharing these results in upcoming publications. CONFLICT OF INTEREST Binita M. Kamath consults for and received grants from Mirum and Albireo. She consults for Audentes. Shannon M. Vandriel has no conflicts to report.
Delivery of nitric oxide with a pH-responsive nanocarrier for the treatment of renal fibrosis
Authors: Tsung-Ying Lee, Hung-Hsun Lu, Hui-Teng Cheng, Hsi-Chien Huang, Yun-Jen Tsai, I-Hsiang Chang, Chao-Peng Tu, Chieh-Wei Chung, Tsai-Te Lu, Chi-How Peng, Yunching Chen
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2023)
Living-Donor Liver Transplant for Patients With End-stage Liver Disease
Authors: Bhavin Vasavada
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Letter to the Editor: Contrast-enhanced CT and liver surface nodularity for the diagnosis of portosinusoidal vascular disorder: a case-control study
Authors: Zijin Liu, Mingjie Tan, Huiguo Ding
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

To the editor, We read with great interest the article entitled "Contrast-enhanced CT and liver surface nodularity (LSN) for the diagnosis of portosinusoidal vascular disorder (PSVD): a case-control study," by Valainathan et al.1 The authors do a great job in assessing the performance of liver surface nodularity and liver segment IV size for a PSVD diagnosis in patients with signs of portal hypertension, however, there are a few concerns that need to be addressed. First, the author claimed that normal or enlarged segment IV was independently associated with PSVD, however, this sign was judged by visual impression of the readers. Neither did they describe the criteria of this sign nor the method of measuring transversal size of segment IV. Second, lots of research proved that PSVD patients seldomly developed in HCC.2,3 As HCC could be recognized through CT scan, if HCC was not a study factor in this research, it should be regarded as a baseline factor and matched between cirrhosis and PSVD patients in a case-control study. As a result, liver cirrhosis patients with HCC were supposed to be excluded from control cohort. Third, the authors did not describe the selection process of variables entering multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. Lots of methods could be considered such as stepwise logistic regression, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and so on. Fourth, as past research proved that liver stiffness measurement could be a useful method to distinguish PSVD from cirrhosis, liver stiffness measurement results were supposed to be listed in Tables 1 or 2.4 On the contrary, the authors just briefly mentioned it in the results and discussion. Last but not least, the authors only described the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of the multivariable model, however, they did not show the calibration curve, which might help further in evaluating the accuracy and efficiency of the model in learning and validation cohort. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS Zijin Liu and Mingjie Tan wrote the letter. Huiguo Ding revised the letter. CONFLICT OF INTEREST The authors have no conflicts to report.
Revision of the Melanocytic Pathology Assessment Tool and Hierarchy for Diagnosis Classification Schema for Melanocytic Lesions
Authors: Raymond L. Barnhill, David E. Elder, Michael W. Piepkorn, Stevan R. Knezevich, Lisa M. Reisch, Megan M. Eguchi, Boris C. Bastian, Willeke Blokx, Marcus Bosenberg, Klaus J. Busam, Richard Carr, Alistair Cochran, Martin G. Cook, Lyn M. Duncan, Rosalie Elenitsas, Arnaud de la Fouchardière, Pedram Gerami, Iva Johansson, Jennifer Ko, Gilles Landman, Alexander J. Lazar, Lori Lowe, Daniela Massi, Jane Messina, Daniela Mihic-Probst, Douglas C. Parker, Birgitta Schmidt, Christopher R. Shea, Richard A. Scolyer, Michael Tetzlaff, Xiaowei Xu, Iwei Yeh, Artur Zembowicz, Joann G. Elmore
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance A standardized pathology classification system for melanocytic lesions is needed to aid both pathologists and clinicians in cataloging currently existing diverse terminologies and in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. The Melanocytic Pathology Assessment Tool and Hierarchy for Diagnosis (MPATH-Dx) has been developed for this purpose. Objective To revise the MPATH-Dx version 1.0 classification tool, using feedback from dermatopathologists participating in the National Institutes of Health–funded Reducing Errors in Melanocytic Interpretations (REMI) Study and from members of the International Melanoma Pathology Study Group (IMPSG). Evidence Review Practicing dermatopathologists recruited from 40 US states participated in the 2-year REMI study and provided feedback on the MPATH-Dx version 1.0 tool. Independently, member dermatopathologists participating in an IMPSG workshop dedicated to the MPATH-Dx schema provided additional input for refining the MPATH-Dx tool. A reference panel of 3 dermatopathologists, the original authors of the MPATH-Dx version 1.0 tool, integrated all feedback into an updated and refined MPATH-Dx version 2.0. Findings The new MPATH-Dx version 2.0 schema simplifies the original 5-class hierarchy into 4 classes to improve diagnostic concordance and to provide more explicit guidance in the treatment of patients. This new version also has clearly defined histopathological criteria for classification of classes I and II lesions; has specific provisions for the most frequently encountered low–cumulative sun damage pathway of melanoma progression, as well as other, less common World Health Organization pathways to melanoma; provides guidance for classifying intermediate class II tumors vs melanoma; and recognizes a subset of pT1a melanomas with very low risk and possible eventual reclassification as neoplasms lacking criteria for melanoma. Conclusions and Relevance The implementation of the newly revised MPATH-Dx version 2.0 schema into clinical practice is anticipated to provide a robust tool and adjunct for standardized diagnostic reporting of melanocytic lesions and management of patients to the benefit of both health care practitioners and patients.
US Religious Leaders’ Views on the Etiology and Treatment of Depression
Authors: Anna Holleman, Mark Chaves
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2023)

Importance Religious leaders commonly provide assistance to people with mental illness, but little is known about clergy views regarding mental health etiology and appropriate treatment. Objective To assess the views of religious leaders regarding the etiology and treatment of depression. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used the National Survey of Religious Leaders, which is a nationally representative survey of leaders of religious congregations in the United States, with data collected from February 2019 to June 2020. Data were analyzed in September and October 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures Views about causes of depression (chemical imbalance, genetic problem, traumatic experience, demon possession, lack of social support, lack of faith, and stressful circumstances) and appropriate treatments (seeing a mental health professional, taking prescribed medication, and addressing the situation through religious activity). Results The analytic sample was limited to congregations’ primary leaders (N = 890), with a 70% cooperation rate. Clergy primarily endorsed situational etiologies of depression, with 93% (95% CI, 90%-96%) endorsing stressful circumstances, 82% (95% CI, 77%-87%) endorsing traumatic experiences, and 66% (95% CI, 59%-73%) endorsing lack of social support. Most clergy also endorsed a medical etiology, with 79% (95% CI, 74%-85%) endorsing chemical imbalance and 59% (95% CI, 52%-65%) endorsing genetics. A minority of clergy endorsed religious causes: lack of faith (29%; 95% CI, 22%-35%) or demon possession (16%; 95% CI, 10%-21%). Almost all of the religious leaders who responded to the survey would encourage someone with depressive symptoms to see a mental health professional (90%; 95% CI, 85%-94%), take prescribed medication (87%; 95% CI, 83%-91%), and address symptoms with religious activity (84%; 95% CI, 78%-89%). A small but nontrivial proportion endorsed a religious cause of depression without also endorsing chemical imbalance (8%; 95% CI, 5%-12%) or genetics (20%; 95% CI, 13%-27%) as a likely cause. A similar proportion would encourage someone exhibiting depressive symptoms to engage in religious treatment without also seeing a mental health professional (10%; 95% CI, 5%-14%) or taking prescribed medication (11%; 95% CI, 8%-15%). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional survey, the vast majority of clergy embrace a medical understanding of depression’s etiology and treatment. When clergy employ a religious understanding, it most commonly supplements rather than replaces a medical view, although a nontrivial minority endorse only religious interpretations. This should encourage greater collaboration between medical professionals and clergy in addressing mental health needs.
Hepatocyte-to-cholangiocyte conversion occurs through transdifferentiation independently of proliferation in zebrafish
Authors: Seung-Hoon Lee, Juhoon So, Donghun Shin
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

Background and aims: Injury to biliary epithelial cells (BECs) lining the hepatic bile ducts leads to cholestatic liver diseases. Upon severe biliary damage, hepatocytes can convert to BECs, thereby contributing to liver recovery. Given a potential of augmenting this hepatocyte-to-BEC conversion as a therapeutic option for cholestatic liver diseases, it will be important to thoroughly understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the conversion process. Approach and results: Towards this aim, we have established a zebrafish model for hepatocyte-to-BEC conversion by employing Tg(fabp10a:CFP-NTR) zebrafish with a temporal inhibition of Notch signaling during regeneration. Cre/loxP-mediated permanent and H2B-mCherry-mediated short-term lineage tracing revealed that in the model, all BECs originate from hepatocytes. During the conversion, BEC markers are sequentially induced in the order of Sox9b, Yap/Taz, Notch activity/ epcam , and Alcama/ krt18 ; the expression of the hepatocyte marker Bhmt disappears between the Sox9b and Yap/Taz induction. Importantly, live time-lapse imaging unambiguously revealed transdifferentiation of hepatocytes into BECs: hepatocytes convert to BECs without transitioning through a proliferative intermediate state. In addition, using compounds and transgenic and mutant lines that modulate Notch and Yap signaling, we found that both Notch and Yap signaling are required for the conversion even in Notch- and Yap-overactivating settings. Conclusions: Hepatocyte-to-BEC conversion occurs through transdifferentiation independently of proliferation, and Notch and Yap signaling control the process in parallel with a mutually positive interaction. The new zebrafish model will further contribute to a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of the conversion process.
Association Between State Opioid Prescribing Limits and Duration of Opioid Prescriptions From Dentists
Authors: Kao-Ping Chua, Thuy D. Nguyen, Jennifer F. Waljee, Romesh P. Nalliah, Chad M. Brummett
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance In part to prevent the harms associated with dental opioid prescriptions, most states have enacted policies limiting the duration of opioid prescriptions for acute pain. Whether these limits are associated with changes in the duration of opioid prescriptions written by dentists is unclear. Objective To evaluate the association between state opioid prescribing limits and the duration of opioid prescriptions from dentists. Design, Setting, and Participants This difference-in-differences cross-sectional study used data from the IQVIA Longitudinal Prescription Database, an all-payer database reporting prescription dispensing from 92% of retail pharmacies in the US. The sample included opioid prescriptions from dentists dispensed to children aged 0 to 17 years and adults 18 years or older from January 2014 through February 2020. Treatment states were those that implemented limits between January 2016 and December 2018. Control states were those that did not implement limits during the study period. Data on opioid prescribing limits were derived from the Prescription Drug Abuse Policy System. Data were analyzed from January 1 to September 30, 2022. Exposures State opioid prescribing limits. Main Outcomes and Measures The outcome was opioid prescription duration, as measured by days’ supply. The association between limits and duration was evaluated using a linear model with a 2-way fixed-effects specification. Covariates included patient characteristics, prescription characteristics, and indicators of implementation of prescription drug monitoring program use mandates. Separate analyses of data from adults and children were conducted owing to differences in the number of treatment states and restrictiveness of limits by age. Results The adult analysis included 56 607 314 opioid prescriptions for 34 364 775 patients (18 448 788 females [53.7%]; mean [SD] age at the earliest fill, 44.0 [17.4] years) in 22 treatment states and 12 control states. The child analysis included 3 720 837 opioid prescriptions for 3 165 880 patients (1 740 449 females [55.0%]; mean [SD] age at the earliest fill, 14.4 [3.5] years) in 23 treatment states and 12 control states. In both analyses, the median (25th-75th percentile) duration of opioid prescriptions was 3.0 (2-5) days. Implementation of limits, most of which allowed up to a 7-day supply of opioids, was not associated with changes in the duration of opioid prescriptions for adults (mean days’ supply: −0.06 days; 95% CI, −0.11 to &amp;amp;lt;0.001 days) or children (mean days’ supply: −0.07 days; 95% CI, −0.15 to 0.02 days). Conclusions and Relevance In this study of national pharmacy dispensing data, opioid prescribing limits were not associated with changes in the duration of opioid prescriptions from dentists. Future research should investigate the potential role of alternative interventions in reducing opioid prescribing by dentists.
Disease Activity and <scp>Health‐Related</scp> Quality of Life Among Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis With Different Alcohol Consumption Habits
Authors: Lars Alfredsson, Lars Klareskog, Anna Karin Hedström
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2023)

Multiple studies have found a relationship between alcohol consumption and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), although reverse causation has been suggested to explain the association. We aimed to study the relationship between alcohol consumption and disease activity, disease progression, and health-related quality of life in patients with RA.We followed up 1,228 patients with newly diagnosed RA from a population-based case-control study, Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (EIRA). Drinkers and non-drinkers were compared to evaluate risk of unfavorable outcomes regarding disease activity and health-related quality of life. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using logistic regression models.Non-drinkers at baseline had higher disease activity and estimated their pain as more severe compared to drinkers. At 1 year of follow-up, non-drinkers reported higher swollen and tender joint counts and experienced more pain and fatigue, lower global health scores, and lower health-related quality of life. The inverse relationship between alcohol consumption and RA-specific outcomes was also observed when comparing drinkers and non-drinkers who had not changed their alcohol consumption habits at or after the year of disease onset. Those who stopped drinking postbaseline experienced higher disease activity, more pain, and lower health-related quality of life at 1 year of follow-up, compared to drinkers, although there was no difference in disease activity at baseline between drinkers who continued versus discontinued drinking. Our findings argue against bias due to reverse causation.Alcohol consumption was associated with lower disease activity and higher health-related quality of life in RA patients in a dose-dependent manner.
Budesonide as first-line treatment in patients with autoimmune hepatitis seems inferior to standard predniso(lo)ne administration
Authors: Álvaro Díaz-González, Manuel Hernández-Guerra, Indhira Pérez-Medrano, Víctor Sapena, Mar Riveiro-Barciela, Ana Barreira-Díaz, Elena Gómez, Rosa M Morillas, María Del Barrio, Laia Escudé, Beatriz Mateos, Diana Horta, Judith Gómez, Isabel Conde, Carlos Ferre-Aracil, Ismael El Hajra, Ana Arencibía, Javier Zamora, Ainhoa Fernández, Magdalena Salcedo, Esther Molina, Anna Soria, Pamela Estévez, Carmen López, Carmen Álvarez-Navascúes, Montserrat García-Retortillo, Javier Crespo, María-Carlota Londoño
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

Background and Aims: In patients with non-severe acute or chronic autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) without cirrhosis, clinical practice guidelines recommend indistinct use of prednisone or budesonide. However, budesonide is infrequently used in clinical practice. We aimed to describe its use and compare its efficacy and safety with prednisone as first-line options. Approach and Results: This was a retrospective, multicenter study of 105 naive AIH patients treated with budesonide as the first-line drug. The control group included 276 patients treated with prednisone. Efficacy was assessed using logistic regression and validated using inverse probability of treatment weighting propensity score. The median time to biochemical response (BR) was 3.1 months in patients treated with budesonide and 4.9 months in those with prednisone. The BR rate was significantly higher in patients treated with prednisone (87% vs. 49% of patients with budesonide, p &lt; 0.001). The probability of achieving BR, assessed using the inverse probability of treatment weighting propensity score, was significantly lower in the budesonide group (OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.11–0.38) at any time during follow-up, and at 6 (OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.29–0.89) and 12 months after starting treatment (0.41; 95% CI: 0.23–0.73). In patients with transaminases &lt;2 × upper limit of normal, BR was similar in both treatment groups. Prednisone treatment was significantly associated with a higher risk of adverse events (24.2% vs. 15.9%, p = 0.047). Conclusions: In the real-life setting, the use of budesonide as first-line treatment is low, and it is generally prescribed to patients with perceived less disease activity. Budesonide was inferior to prednisone as a first-line drug but was associated with fewer side effects.
Does Bariatric Surgery Increase the Risk of Gastroesophageal Cancer?
Authors: Piotr J. Gorecki, Michael E. Zenilman
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Polygenic Risk and Social Support in Predicting Depression Under Stress
Authors: Jennifer L. Cleary, Yu Fang, Laura B. Zahodne, Amy S.B. Bohnert, Margit Burmeister, Srijan Sen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2023)

Despite substantial progress in identifying genomic variation associated with major depression, the mechanisms by which genomic and environmental factors jointly influence depression risk remain unclear. Genomically conferred sensitivity to the social environment may be one mechanism linking genomic variation and depressive symptoms. The authors assessed whether social support affects the likelihood of depression development differently across the spectrum of genomic risk in two samples that experienced substantial life stress: 1,011 first-year training physicians (interns) in the Intern Health Study (IHS) and 435 recently widowed Health and Retirement Study (HRS) participants.