tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Biliary excretion of estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide in the rat
Authors: H TAKIKAWA
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Estradiol-17beta-glucuronide (E217G) is a cholestatic agent and is considered to be related to the pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. In the current study, we examined the mechanism of the biliary excretion of E217G and estradiol metabolites in rats. Biliary excretion of tracer doses of [3H]estradiol-17beta-glucuronide and [14C]estradiol or [3H]taurocholate and ]14C]vinblastine, a P-glycoprotein (P-GP) substrate, intravenously administered as a bolus to bile-drained control rats or EHBR was studied. Biliary excretion of E217G and estradiol metabolites EHBR was markedly delayed. Analyses of biliary metabolites after estradiol injection showed less polar conjugates in EHBR. In contrast, the excretion of taurocholate and vinblastine (VLB) was only slightly delayed in EHBR. Although phenothiazine treatment to induce the expression of P-GP increased biliary vinblastine excretion, it did not affect biliary excretion of a tracer dose of [3H]estradiol-17beta-glucuronide. However, phenothiazine treatment inhibited the cholestasis induced by E217G infused at the rate of 0.075 micromol/min/100g for 20 minutes and increased biliary E217G excretion. Sulfobromophthalein infusion (0.2 micromol/min/100 g body 0 weight) markedly inhibited the biliary excretion of E217G and estradiol metabolites, whereas dibromosulfophthalein (DBSP) at the same infusion rate had no effect. These findings indicate that EG17G is excreted into bile by a canalicular organic anion carrier for sulfobromopthalein (BSP), not for DBSP, under physiological conditions, and that P-GP influences E217G excretion only at a high dose. under physiological conditions, and that P-GP influence s E217G excretion only at a high dose. (Hepatology 1996 Mar;23(3):607-13)
Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Richard H. Griffey
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The water content of the sural nerve of diabetic patients was quantitatively defined by magnetic resonance proton imaging as a putative reflection of activity of the aldose-reductase pathway. Thirty-nine patients were evaluated, comparing group A, symptomatic diabetic men with sensory neuropathy; group B, similarly symptomatic diabetic men treated with aldose-reductase inhibition; group C, neurologically asymptomatic diabetic men; and group D, control nondiabetic men. Marked increase in hydration of the sural nerve was seen in more than half of the symptomatic diabetic patients. Two of 11 neurologically asymptomatic diabetics had increased nerve hydration, suggesting a presymptomatic alteration of the nerve. Symptomatic diabetics treated with aldose-reductase inhibitors had normal nerve water levels. Increased level of peripheral nerve water represents a new finding in diabetes mellitus. It seems to be related to aldose-reductase activity, involved in the development of neuropathy, and similar to events that occur in other target tissue in human diabetes. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:2872-2878)
LECTURES, DELIVERED AT THE LOCK HOSPITAL, LONDON
Authors: H. Lee
Journal: BMJ (1854)

WEzN syphilitic matter is artificially inoculated with the poit of a lancet, the following appearances may be ob- eved :-Within the first twenty-four hours, the inoculated point becomes red; from the second to the third day, it swells slightlly, and presents the appearance of a pimple sounded by a red areola.Between the third and the fourth day the epidermis, raised by a liquid more or less turbid, often appears as a vesicle, which at ijs summit presents a bli.ck point, the result of the dried blood effused from the prk of the lancet at the time of inoculation.From the fourth to the fifth day, the morbid secretion increases, and becoms puriform.After the fifth day, the subjacent tissues become infiltrated and hardened by the effusion of itic lymph.ginally, from the sixth day, the secretion mes thicker,,he pustule breaks4 fnd a scab forms on the surfiwe; wbcn this is removed, an ulcer. is left, sur- rounded by a fiardened base, which occupies the whole thickness of the skin.The thickening terminates abruptly, and does not gradually extend itself into the surrounding parts.The edges of the ulceration are clearly defined, and partaking of the induration often form a reddish brown rim, slightly elevated above the level of the skin.*But in certain states of the system a similar inoculation of syphilitic matter will be followed by different local symptoms.The day following the inoculation, instead of a pimple, a pustule will be making its appearance.On the third day, and sometimes earlier, this will be fully formed, and the fluid which it contains will consist of well formed pis ; when this is removed, the surface below will soon grnulate, and present in every way the same appearance as that which is left after a secondary pustular eruption.
THE COST OF BOOKS
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Highlights
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Studies of cardiopulmonary resuscitation have reported an increased risk of mortality in patients receiving endotracheal intubation.A trial by Jabre and colleagues that randomized 2043 patients with out-of-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest to receive bag-mask ventilation or endotracheal intubation was inconclusive.In an Editorial, Lewis and Gausche-Hill suggest that a more informative outcome for future studies of resuscitation would score the severity of neurological impairment.Editorial 771 CME jamanetwork.com/learning Antibiotics for Complicated Urinary Tract Infection 788Meropenem-vaborbactam has potent in vitro activity against antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.In a randomized trial that enrolled 550 patients with complicated urinary tract infections, Kaye and colleagues found meropenem-vaborbactam to be noninferior to piperacillin-tazobactam for the composite outcome of complete resolution or improvement of symptoms with microbial eradication. CME jamanetwork.com/learning American Football and Long-term Mortality 800Professional football players are well-conditioned athletes at risk for repetitive trauma and substance abuse.In a retrospective cohort study of 3812 retired US National Football League (NFL) players, Venkataramani and colleagues found that career participation in the NFL, compared with limited NFL exposure as a replacement player during a leaguewide strike, was not associated with a statistically signifi cant diff erence in long-term allcause mortality.In an Editorial, DeKosky and colleagues recommend that future studies of elite athletes should address their quality of life.
&lt;TITLE&gt;How much vitamin C do you need?&lt;/TITLE&gt;
Authors: Mi Hwang, Richard Glass, Jeff Molter
Journal: JAMA (1999)

public service of JAMA and the AMA.The information and recommendations appearing on this page are appropriate in most instances; but they are not a substitute for medical diagnosis.For specific information concerning your personal medical condition, JAMA and AMA suggest that you consult your physician.
Inhalation lipoid pneumonia from burning fats. A newly recognized industrial hazard
Authors: D. Oldenburger
Journal: JAMA (1972)

A 24-year-old man suffered from a slight nonproductive cough, runny nose, and general malaise for one month and, in addition, progressive shortness of breath and inspiratory chest pain for two weeks. These symptoms and chest x-ray films were consistent with inhalation lipoid pneumonia, which was later confirmed by biopsy. However, the patient did not use oily nose drops or mineral oil but had been exposed to the occupational inhalation of burning fats.
The pathologic basis of the strontium bone scan. Studies following administration of strontium chloride Sr 85 and strontium nitrate Sr 85
Authors: N. D. Charkes
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Bone biopsy specimens were obtained from 30 cancer patients who had been scanned following injection of strontium chloride Sr 85 or strontium nitrate Sr 85; autopsies were done in 4 additional patients. In 15 cases the<sup>85</sup>Sr concentration of the specimens was determined. Deposits of<sup>85</sup>Sr in actively proliferating new bone formed in reaction to tumor invasion. If strontium chloride Sr 85 or strontium nitrate Sr 85 is injected when the reactive process is completed, the scan is normal although the roentgenogram may be dense. Lesions which are radiolucent but scan-normal show no evidence of reactive bone formation. The scan depicts the activity of the reactive process, whereas the roentgenogram shows the net changes which have occurred, both destructive (radiolucencies) and reparative (radiodensities). Tumor cells were found in bone at the site of the abnormal scan in 22 of the 28 patients (79%).
SALIVARY CALCULI.
Authors: W. FREUDENTHAL
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Salivary calculi are, as a rule, easily recognized, although they are not of frequent occurrence. They are most frequently located near the buccal end of Wharton's or Steno's duct, and often have a definite outline and shape, rendering their detection by palpation usually easy. There are, however, a number of cases recorded in which their discovery was made by mere chance. Such an instance occurred in my practice. In two of my cases the diagnosis was easily made. It appears that the growth and formation of salivary calculi begin years before their detection, and in this respect their character is quite in contrast to the stones found imbedded in the nasal cavities, which latter reach a large size after sometimes a growth of only a few months. The secretory function of Steno's or Wharton's duct and of the nasal cavity proper are not only different, but the foreign bodies found
Gold Nephrosis
Authors: Hans van den Broek, Maung Tin Han
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE following case report describes the rare occurrence of the nephrotic syndrome after administration of gold salts.A 36-year-old Puerto Rican woman presented herself at the Arthritis Clinic with a 9-year history of rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment in the past had consisted of acetylsalicylic acid and corticosteroids; no gold salts had been given. She had had episodes of atopic dermatitis at 11 and 18 years of age. A course of intramuscular gold therapy was begun with 10 mg. of aurothioglucose (Solganal B Oleosum) on July 10, 1963, with increases to 25 mg. on July 17 and 50 mg. on July 24 . . .
Treatment of the agitated patient with an organic brain disorder
Authors: M. A. Fauman
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Agitated patients with organic brain disorders represent relatively common diagnostic and management problems. Therapeutic failures usually result from a failure to understand the patient's disturbed behavior, the staff's emotional response to the patient's behavior, or neglect of the biological cause and ineffective use of medication. Effective management depends on continued monitoring of the patient's mental status and physical condition.
The case of the receipted bill
Authors: C. L. Hudson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The title of my communication is in the best tradition of Erle Stanley Gardner. I have selected the subject to crystallize my own views and perhaps to stimulate discussion of a broader subject that involves our relationship with governmental financing mechanisms in general. First, I must state what I regard as the essential element of medical practice. Fifty years ago it would not have been necessary even to consider this subject. At that time one would immediately have said that it was the request of one person for medical assistance and the response of a physician in agreeing to help. As I look at it, the essence of that relationship has not changed: a two-man contract is the heart of medical practice. The development of new techniques and new forms of data collection and delivery of medical services might have beclouded the relationship for some people. Contributing to uncertainty also
Yoga
Authors: Enoch Haga
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Your letter and comment on "Yoga Foot Drop" (<b>217</b>:827, 1971) may leave some readers with a wrong impression of yoga. The use of the term "fantastic" is particularly unfortunate. While I am unable to check out your<i>Britannica</i>reference, in general it is not an especially valuable yoga resource. The commentary appears to confuse Hathayoga with Tantra or Kundilini ("serpent power") yoga, which does make extensive use of the chakras. I quote from the book,<i>Yoga</i>(Penguin Books Ltd), by Ernest Wood, who is an acknowledged authority: <i>Ha</i>and<i>tha</i>are taken usually to refer to the "sun and moon breaths," though by a few there is the interpretation of it as "the forceful yoga," from the word hatha, which means a stroke or blow.... (page 82). No yoga authority advocates the purposeless practice of yoga, and a guru is invariably recommended. The ultimate purpose of
Survey Research
Authors: Mark G. Perlroth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 April 1991Survey ResearchMark G. Perlroth, MDMark G. Perlroth, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-8-706_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editors: I applaud your choice of topic for the 1 January 1991 issue of Annals. A discussion of the state of internal medicine is most timely—in fact, overdue—and deserving of study and commentary.But I write not only to commend but to criticize. The lead article (1) reports results of a survey of the American College of Physicians in which the usable response rate was 57%. No mention is made of any attempts to validate the results against any truly random (that is, non-self-selected) sample. In other words, there is no assurance (nor even an attempt to measure)...Reference1. LewisProutChalmersLeake CDEB. How satisfying is the practice of internal medicine? A national survey. Ann Intern Med. 114;1991:1-5. LinkGoogle Scholar1. LewisProutChalmersLeake CDEB. How satisfying is the practice of internal medicine? A national survey. Ann Intern Med. 114;1991:1-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SchwartzLewisClancyKinosianRadanyKoplan JCCMMJ. Internists' practices in health promotion and disease prevention. A survey. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:46-53. LinkGoogle Scholar3. LewisClancyLeakeSchwartz CCBJ. The counseling practices of internists. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:54-8. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA 94305-5246 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 1991Volume 114, Issue 8Page: 706-706KeywordsSurvey research Issue Published: 15 April 1991 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Steroid injection gives best relief for tennis elbow
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Behavioural counselling in primary care leads to improvements in health behaviour Behavioural counselling in primary care leads to greater improvements in health behaviour than standard health education and advice in patients at increased risk of coronary heart disease.Previous studies of health promotion and lifestyle counselling in primary care have produced disappointing results.Steptoe et al (p 943) found in a randomised trial that brief behavioural counselling on the basis of the "stage of change" model stimulated greater reductions in dietary fat intake and number of cigarettes smoked, and greater increases in physical activity than did usual care.The results suggest that behavioural counselling in primary care may be a useful strategy in the prevention of coronary heart disease.
Lack of premature coronary calcification in young patients with homozygous homocystinuria Jean-Louis Megnien, J�r�me Gariepy, Anne Hernigou, Jean-Marie Saudubray, Gilles Chironi, Jaime Levenson, Alain Simon. H�pital Boussais, Paris, France
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
The Mallory body: Theories on development and pathological significance (part 2 of a literature survey)
Authors: K Jensen
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Drawing on data from a previously published literature survey on the clinical and experimental epidemiology of the Mallory body, we discuss current theories on its development in a pro et contra manner. Conclusions have been largely left open to the interpretations of the reader because many are still speculative. The main results of this study characterize Mallory bodies as stereotypical histological byproducts to diverse hepatic injuries (mostly alcohol associated) of questionable pathogenic importance. The temporal characteristics of Mallory bodies cast doubt on their role in hepatic neoplasia both as a disease marker and a causative agent, and prognosis studies suggest that they may be considered preterminal markers in some nonalcoholic liver diseases but remain prognostically unimportant in most studies on alcoholic patients. By similar line of inquiry, no consistent relationships may be found with disease severity or duration in alcoholic liver diseases. The roles of vitamin A deficiency and protein-calorie malnutrition are circumstantial. Drugs known to have calcium-antagonist properties and the physiological characteristics of the stress-response protein ubiquitin support the concept of defective protein systems in Mallory body pathogenesis. Disproportionate hepatic copper accumulation seems both epidemiologically and topographically associated with Mallory bodies, but these connections are largely unsupported by exposure studies. Many arguments still downplay the importance of uncoordinated changes in hepatic oxygen delivery and consumption, but ischemia-reperfusion studies suggest a role of oxygen-derived free radicals in the liver injuries under scrutiny. Finally, the role of Mallory bodies in the control system of hepatocyte function is addressed, and indirect evidence lends credence to a cybernetic approach in future study designs. It is reasonable to assume that different elements of a multifactorial setting operate with varying intensity over time as this may account for some of the controversies that exist. In conclusion, the biological significance of Mallory bodies is still mystery. It is not known whether Mallory bodies represent an epiphenomenon or play a role themselves in the initiation and continuation of liver damage.
Several research avenues may improve understanding of multiple sclerosis
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1988)

RESTLESS LEGS and lagging libidos are two problems associated with multiple sclerosis for which potential solutions were offered at the 40th annual meeting of the American Academy of Neurology in Cincinnati. Also newly reported is the value of magnetic resonance imaging in studying the progress of this disease. Frederick M. Vincent, MD, clinical associate professor of medicine and psychiatry at Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, presented preliminary data from a small group of patients that, he said, "appear quite promising" for helping to combat the chronic fatigue known to more than 90% of persons with multiple sclerosis. Vincent, who recently served as chief of neurology in the university's Department of Medicine, was treating a patient who did not respond well to amantadine hydrochloride (Symmetrel), the standard drug therapy for multiple sclerosis—associated fatigue. The patient, as it happened, was among the estimated 5% or so of the
Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, April 1 to May 1, 1966
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1966)

Journal Article Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, April 1 to May 1, 1966 Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 36, Issue 6, June 1966, Page 1211, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/36.6.1211-a Published: 01 June 1966
Head Injuries
Authors: Joseph Ransohoff
Journal: JAMA (1975)

IN 1970 there were an estimated 50,230,000 injuries of all varieties in the United States, with 114,000 accidental deaths. These fatalities exceed the ten-year total for the Vietnam War; head injury follows only heart disease, neoplasm, and stroke as a leading cause of death.<sup>1</sup> Accident prevention is clearly the long-term solution to the devastating problem of craniocerebral trauma. In the individial patient, however, the severity of the injury and the interval prior to adequate medical attention are factors that determine the outcome. Well-trained ambulance crews rendering initial therapy and rapid triage to adequately equipped hospitals are obviously of great importance. Once a patient has reached an emergency room, the following evaluation should be promptly performed. <h3>Initial Evaluation</h3><h3>Airway.—</h3> Adequate ventilation is essential for the preservation of cerebral function in the severely injured patient. The nose and mouth should be cleared of blood and mucus. Any clinical signs of upper
Ethical aspects of surrogate embryo transfer
Authors: L. Walters
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The article by Hodgen published in this issue ofThe Journal(p 2167) suggests that some infertile women who cannot produce fertilizable ova may one day be able to bear children. Such women may have ovaries that are functionally deficient in a critical respect, or they may lack ovaries entirely. For these women, bearing a child that is genetically "their own" is a physical impossibility. Any new technique that helps to reduce involuntary infertility is to be welcomed, provided that its benefits are not outweighed by safety considerations and social consequences. The present moment, when surrogate embryo transfer (SET) is being tested in primates and initially attempted in humans,<sup>1-3</sup>seems the appropriate time to inventory the ethical issues that the clinical use of this new technique may raise. Safety considerations in SET and accompanying techniques concern three biologic individuals—the oocyte or embryo donor, the embryo itself, and the embryo recipient.
Spontaneous Chylothorax
Authors: Julius Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Pleural effusion suddenly appeared in a 35-year-old caucasoid woman. Thoracentesis removed 300 cc. of creamy fluid which had all the physical and chemical characteristics of chyle. No treatment except bed rest was administered. Complete resorption of the remainder of the fluid in the chest ensued, and the patient made an uneventful recovery. The most common causes of chylothorax are neoplasm and trauma. In this patient there was no indication of any underlying malignancy and no history of trauma was obtained except extremely mild exercise performed the day before the onset of symptoms. It seems likely that on rare occasions minimal injury may cause chylothorax, which may take a mild clinical course and go unrecognized unless thoracentesis is performed.