tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reply: Alcohol-induced extracellular ASC specks perpetuate liver inflammation and damage in alcohol-associated hepatitis even after alcohol cessation
Authors: Marcelle de Carvalho Ribeiro, Mrigya Babuta, Gyongyi Szabo
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

We have read with great interest the Letter to the Editor from Shen and colleagues and appreciate all their comments. First, we acknowledge that our study has not fully exploited NLRP3 inflammasome differences between macrophages and hepatocytes. A possible explanation is that adaptor molecule apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) specks in hepatocytes could activate caspase-8 instead of caspase-1, as previously demonstrated in bone marrow–derived macrophages.1 Furthermore, because of the increased abundance of bone marrow–derived monocytes and neutrophils in the liver in alcoholic hepatitis, ex-ASC specks would amplify inflammation even if restricted to innate immune cells and independent of hepatocytes. We agree that evaluating the effect of ASC specks derived from NLRP3-deficient macrophages on inflammation activation in both macrophages and hepatocytes could strengthen our findings. However, it was demonstrated that MCC950 selectively inhibits NLRP3 by directly interacting with this sensor, preventing NLRP3 oligomerization and activation.2 Moreover, studies have shown that NLRP3 knockouts THP-1 cells do not form ASC-specks.3 Second, we agree that assessing ex-ASC specks oligomerization could clarify the difference between macrophage and hepatocyte-derived ASC specks. We would like to respectfully point out that we could not be aware of the articles on the degree of ASC oligomerization published in 2023 because our manuscript was accepted in December 2022. Finally, regarding the contribution of other tissues to the release of ex-ASC specks to circulation in our model, previous studies showed that NLRP3 expression is low in hepatocytes but high in macrophages and KCs.4 Furthermore, 20%–35% of hepatic nonparenchymal liver cells are macrophages, which account for 80%–90% of total host macrophages.5 Therefore, we speculate that the inhibition of NLRP3 will have a huge impact on the release of ASC specks by the liver, inhibiting systemic and hepatic inflammation. We previously demonstrated that the absence of NLRP3 decreases alcohol-induced liver damage. Nonetheless, alcohol-induced ex-ASC formation in tissues other than the liver remains to be explored. In summary, we believe that our study elegantly demonstrates the role of ex-ASC specks in sustained inflammation in AH and encourages further studies on the role ex-ASC specks in AH.
A novel capsid-XL32-derived adeno-associated virus serotype prompts retinal tropism and ameliorates choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Lin-Lin Luo, Jie Xu, Bing-Qiao Wang, Chen Chen, Xi Chen, Qiu-Mei Hu, Yu-Qiu Wang, Wan-Yun Zhang, Wan-Xiang Jiang, Xin-Ting Li, Hu Zhou, Xiao Xiao, Kai Zhao, Sen Lin
Journal: Biomaterials (2023)
Custom-engineered hydrogels for delivery of human iPSC-derived neurons into the injured cervical spinal cord
Authors: V.M. Doulames, L.M. Marquardt, M.E. Hefferon, N.J. Baugh, R.A. Suhar, A.T. Wang, K.R. Dubbin, J.M. Weimann, T.D. Palmer, G.W. Plant, S.C. Heilshorn
Journal: Biomaterials (2023)
When I use a word . . . Medicines regulation—the Sale of Arsenic Regulation Act
Authors: Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Arsenic is an ambiguous term that has been used to describe not only the metalloid element of that name but a wide range of derivatives, such as arsenic trioxide, arsenic monosulphide, and arsenic trisulphide. Arsenicals have been used for hundreds of years for medicinal and industrial purposes and as poisons, often with murderous intent. It is still in use in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia in patients who have relapsed or failed to respond to previous treatment with a retinoid and chemotherapy. In 1851, following public disquiet about the criminal uses of poisons, the UK government introduced the Sale of Arsenic Regulation Act, which regulated the sale of arsenic and mandated the addition of colouring agents to it.
Ethnic disparity in diagnosing asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis using machine learning
Authors: Cameron Celeste, Dion Ming, Justin Broce, Diandra P. Ojo, Emma Drobina, Adetola F. Louis-Jacques, Juan E. Gilbert, Ruogu Fang, Ivana K. Parker
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2023)

Abstract While machine learning (ML) has shown great promise in medical diagnostics, a major challenge is that ML models do not always perform equally well among ethnic groups. This is alarming for women’s health, as there are already existing health disparities that vary by ethnicity. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal syndrome among women of reproductive age and has clear diagnostic differences among ethnic groups. Here, we investigate the ability of four ML algorithms to diagnose BV. We determine the fairness in the prediction of asymptomatic BV using 16S rRNA sequencing data from Asian, Black, Hispanic, and white women. General purpose ML model performances vary based on ethnicity. When evaluating the metric of false positive or false negative rate, we find that models perform least effectively for Hispanic and Asian women. Models generally have the highest performance for white women and the lowest for Asian women. These findings demonstrate a need for improved methodologies to increase model fairness for predicting BV.
Towards richer knowledge partnerships between ecology and ethnoecology
Authors: Zsolt Molnár, Yildiz Aumeeruddy-Thomas, Dániel Babai, Sandra Díaz, Stephen T. Garnett, Rosemary Hill, Peter Bates, Eduardo S. Brondízio, Joji Cariño, László Demeter, Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares, Maximilien Guèze, Pamela McElwee, Kinga Öllerer, Andy Purvis, Victoria Reyes-García, Aibek Samakov, Ranjay K. Singh
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2023)
Correction: Recommended reporting items for epidemic forecasting and prediction research: The EPIFORGE 2020 guidelines
Authors: Simon Pollett, Michael A. Johansson, Nicholas G. Reich, David Brett-Major, Sara Y. Del Valle, Srinivasan Venkatramanan, Rachel Lowe, Travis Porco, Irina Maljkovic Berry, Alina Deshpande, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, David L. Blazes, Wirichada Pan-ngum, Alessandro Vespigiani, Suzanne E. Mate, Sheetal P. Silal, Sasikiran Kandula, Rachel Sippy, Talia M. Quandelacy, Jeffrey J. Morgan, Jacob Ball, Lindsay C. Morton, Benjamin M Althouse, Julie Pavlin, Wilbert van Panhuis, Steven Riley, Matthew Biggerstaff, Cecile Viboud, Oliver Brady, Caitlin Rivers
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2023)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003793.].
Unexpected Symmetrical Uptake of 18F-FDG of Distal Peripheral Bones in a Patient With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Cansu Güneren, Kübra Şahin, Kerim Sönmezoğlu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract A 74-year-old woman was referred for 18 F-FDG PET/CT scanning to investigate an underlining etiology due to recently developed unexplained bone pains and lack of walking capacity. On the initial PET/CT scan, we have noted a highly symmetrical and apparent intramedullary FDG uptake of the distal parts of appendicular skeleton system including the bilateral elbows, wrists, and foot ankles in addition to a lymphadenomegaly in the right groin. The excisional biopsy from the lymph node of right groin revealed a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Fertility Preservation in Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer: A Case-Based Review
Authors: Karen Burns, Alison W. Loren
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

Adolescent and young adult (AYA) oncology patients are unique in many aspects of their care; fertility preservation (FP) is one of the most complex to address. In addition to the newly diagnosed AYA patient, there are growing numbers of AYA survivors of childhood cancer who present with concerns about their fertility. Emerging independence, emotional and intellectual growth, and development of an adult mindset are hallmarks of the AYA population; these transitions heighten the intrinsic medical, social, and financial challenges of a cancer diagnosis. FP is extraordinarily important in AYA oncology and can be addressed in many ways: experimental options as well as standard of care, with key differences on the basis of pubertal development, cancer diagnosis, and urgency of cancer-directed therapy. Options exist both at diagnosis and throughout the survivorship journey. It is imperative that oncologists recognize the challenges in this age group, as well as opportunities to pursue FP. The field has evolved significantly in the past 25 years and will continue to evolve as we incorporate more immune-based and targeted therapies into our treatment regimens. This case-based review will explore opportunities to preserve fertility in this unique patient population.
Regulation of kynurenine metabolism by blood donor genetics and biology impacts red cell hemolysis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Travis Nemkov, Daniel Stephenson, Christopher Erickson, Monika Dzieciatkowska, Alicia Key, Amy Moore, Eric J. Earley, Grier P. Page, Ian S. Lacroix, Mars Stone, Xutao Deng, Thomas Raife, Steven Kleinman, James C. Zimring, Nareg Roubinian, Kirk C. Hansen, Michael P. Busch, Philip J. Norris, Angelo D’Alessandro
Journal: Blood (2023)
FDG PET/CT in a Case of Primary Lymphoma of the Ureter
Authors: Pengcheng Ran, Wenyang Zhou, Xiaoyao Zhang, Jieqin Lv, Aisheng Dong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Primary lymphoma of the ureter is extremely rare. We describe the contrast-enhanced CT and FDG PET/CT findings in a case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma transformed from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma limited to the left ureter. Contrast-enhanced CT showed 2 short-segment circumferential thickening and enhancement of the left pelvic and intramural ureteral wall. The thickened ureteral wall showed significantly increased FDG uptake mimicking urothelial carcinoma.
68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and 64CuCl2 PET/CT Help in Identifying Rare Metastatic Site of Penile Shaft in a Patient of Carcinoma Prostate
Authors: Priyanka Verma, Aamir Nazar, Sonali Jadhav, Sandip Basu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract A 71-year-old man, presenting with complaints of burning sensation and pain during urination, finally diagnosed with prostate carcinoma. Ultrasonography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed prostatomegaly. Serum PSA level was elevated, and TRUS-guided biopsy demonstrated acinar adenocarcinoma (Gleason score: 5 + 4 = 9). 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for initial staging showed PSMA-avid enlarged prostate, pelvic lymphadenopathy, and focal PSMA uptake in the left side of the shaft of the penis. The patient also underwent a 64 CuCl 2 PET/CT, which demonstrated similar findings of enlarged prostate and adenopathy with focally increased tracer uptake in the shaft of the penis coinciding with the lesion observed on 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, thereby detecting a rare metastatic site from carcinoma prostate.
Incidental Tongue Cancer Detected With Total-Body 13N-NH3 PET/CT
Authors: Xiaofeng Yu, Lian Xu, Lijing Zhu, Jianjun Liu, Yumei Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract A 68-year-old man with chest tightness underwent cardiac blood perfusion imaging on total-body 13 N-NH 3 PET/CT. Incidentally, mildly increased 13 N-NH 3 activity was observed in the left side of the body of the tongue. Pathological diagnosis proved to be mucosal squamous cell carcinoma.
Extending the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium Model of Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Charlotte C. Gard, Jeffrey A. Tice, Diana L. Miglioretti, Brian L. Sprague, Michael C.S. Bissell, Louise M. Henderson, Karla Kerlikowske
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

We extended the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) version 2 (v2) model of invasive breast cancer risk to include BMI, extended family history of breast cancer, and age at first live birth (version 3 [v3]) to better inform appropriate breast cancer prevention therapies and risk-based screening.
68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FDG Uptake in a Patient With Esophageal Candida Infection
Authors: Xi Chen, Mengna Liu, Liping Yang, Qiaoqiao Shu, Liang Cai
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract A 67-year-old woman presented with dysphagia for 2 months. Enhanced chest CT suggested thickening of the esophageal wall, which was suspected to be a malignancy. The patient then underwent 18 F-FDG and 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT. Increased uptake was observed in both tracers in the thickened esophageal wall. However, biopsy demonstrated candida infection of esophagus. After treatment, the symptoms of the patient were relieved.
Complete Response to 177Lu-DOTATATE PRRT in a 9-Year-Old Child With Metastatic Carotid Body Paraganglioma
Authors: Madhav Prasad Yadav, Shobhana Raju, Sanjana Ballal, Chandrasekhar Bal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract We present a case involving a 9-year-old boy diagnosed with metastatic carotid body paraganglioma. The metastases were detected in cervical lymph nodes and lungs using 68 Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT imaging. The patient received peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 177 Lu-DOTATATE. Following 3 treatment cycles, a significant improvement was observed in the metastatic lesions. After 4 cycles, the patient achieved a complete response, with a cumulative administered activity of 16.65 GBq during the therapy. This case underscores the effectiveness of using 177 Lu-DOTATATE in managing metastatic carotid body paraganglioma, offering promising results in terms of tumor regression and overall therapeutic response.
Pretransfusion hemoglobin level and mortality in adults with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia
Authors: Khaled M. Musallam, Susanna Barella, Raffaella Origa, Giovanni Battista Ferrero, Roberto Lisi, Annamaria Pasanisi, Filomena Longo, Barbara Gianesin, Gian Luca Forni
Journal: Blood (2023)
Pulmonary Arterial Tumor Embolism From Recurrent Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Margit V. Szabari, Chiayi Ni, Diego Davila, Karoly Viragh
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

A 55-year-old man with renal cell carcinoma extending into the renal vein/inferior vena cava (status post nephrectomy and inferior vena cava thrombectomy, pT3bN0M0), and perioperative pulmonary bland thromboembolism (resolved with 3-month of anticoagulation), followed by 3.5 years of complete remission, developed new incidental pulmonary arterial filling defects on a surveillance CT examination (asymptomatic, normal d-dimer, no deep vein thrombosis). Despite anticoagulation, the filling defects not only persisted but also demonstrated intense FDG activity on a restaging PET/CT performed 4 months later for new pulmonary oligometastasis. The FDG activity resolved after systemic immunotherapy, which suggested the retrospective diagnosis of pulmonary arterial tumor emboli, a rare finding.
Sequential antigen loss and branching evolution in lymphoma after CD19- and CD20-targeted T-cell–redirecting therapy
Authors: Johannes Duell, Alexander M. Leipold, Silke Appenzeller, Viktoria Fuhr, Hilka Rauert-Wunderlich, Matteo Da Via, Oliver Dietrich, Christophe Toussaint, Fabian Imdahl, Florian Eisele, Nazia Afrin, Lars Grundheber, Hermann Einsele, Niels Weinhold, Andreas Rosenwald, Max S. Topp, Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba, Leo Rasche
Journal: Blood (2023)
Characterization of reverse-engineered anti-PF4 stereotypic antibodies derived from serum of patients with VITT
Authors: Jing Jing Wang, Marijn van der Neut Kolfschoten, Lucy Rutten, Bridie Armour, Chee Wee Tan, Tim Chataway, Rinke Bos, Annemart Koornneef, Pravien Abeywickrema, Rick Kapur, Leendert Porcelijn, Midia Khalifa, Ava Sadi, Pascale Bouchier, Eleni Kourkouta, Aditya Perkasa, Ted Kwaks, Roland Zahn, Laura Solforosi, Tom P. Gordon
Journal: Blood (2023)
FDG PET/CT in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Arising From a Heterotopic Pancreas of the Pylorus
Authors: Xia Ji, Aisheng Dong, Yang Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Malignant transformation of heterotopic pancreas is extremely rare. We describe FDG PET/CT findings in a case of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma arising from a heterotopic pancreas in the submucosa of the pylorus with peripyloric lymph node metastasis and elevated serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level. The heterotopic pancreatic adenocarcinoma showed intense FDG uptake, and the peripyloric lymph node metastasis showed mild FDG uptake. This case indicates that heterotopic pancreatic adenocarcinoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of FDG-avid gastric submucosal lesions, especially in patients with elevated serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level.
Perspective on Management of Low-Dose Computed Tomography Findings on Low-Dose Computed Tomography Examinations for Lung Cancer Screening. From the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Early Detection and Screening Committee
Authors: Claudia Henschke, Rudolf Huber, Long Jiang, Dawei Yang, Milena Cavic, Heidi Schmidt, Ella Kazerooni, Javier J. Zulueta, Ricardo Sales dos Santos, Luigi Ventura, Dawei Yang, Javier J. Zulueta, Lucia Viola, Anant Mohan, Choon-Taek Lee, Milena Cavic, Heidi Schmidt, Ella Kazerooni, Ricardo Sales dos Santos, Anna Kerpel-Fronius, Claudia Henschke, Luigi Ventura, Long Jiang, Gabriella Sozzi, Martin Tammemägi, Stephen Lam, Rudolf Huber
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2023)
Value of Quantitative Salivary Gland SPECT/CT for the Detection of Saliva Leakage
Authors: Ji-Young Kim, Han Su Kim, Seo Young Kang, Byung Seok Moon, Bom Sahn Kim, Hai-Jeon Yoon
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract A 47-year-old woman presented to our emergency department with a 10-day history of pain, halitosis, and swelling below the left jaw. The patient was diagnosed with left sialadenitis and left submandibular abscess by tissue biopsy. An otolaryngologist performed transcervical incision and drainage of the abscess 1 day after admission. Postoperatively, the patient complained of a sensation of fluid leakage from the mouth, and a continuous purulent discharge was observed. One month postoperatively, a salivary gland scan and SPECT/CT were performed to investigate the sialorrhea and the cause of the discharge. Salivary gland SPECT/CT images localized the saliva leakage site.
“Hepatic Superscan” Revealed on 18F-FDG PET Due to Drug-Induced Fulminant Hepatitis
Authors: Guigang Qiu, Fuqiang Shao, Peng Xie
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract “Hepatic superscan” could be caused by a variety of etiologies. Here we report a 68-year-old woman with a medication history of cefoperazone and azithromycin for pneumonia recently who underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT to detect underlying malignancy due to unexplained liver damage and fever of unknown origin. Unexpectedly, “hepatic superscan” without morphologic changes was noted. Unfortunately, aggressive treatment did not reverse the damaged liver function, and the patient rapidly died. Drug-induced fulminant hepatitis was diagnosed clinically. Our case demonstrates that fulminant hepatitis could result in “hepatic superscan” on 18 F-FDG PET despite negative findings on the ultrasonography, CT, and MRI.
Mathematical modeling of cardio-oncology: Modeling the systemic effects of cancer therapeutics on the cardiovascular system
Authors: Camara L. Casson, Sofia A. John, Meghan C. Ferrall-Fairbanks
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2023)

Cardiotoxicity is a common side-effect of many cancer therapeutics; however, to-date there has been very little push to understand the mechanisms underlying this group of pathologies. This has led to the emergence of cardio-oncology, a field of medicine focused on understanding the effects of cancer and its treatment on the human heart. Here, we describe how mechanistic modeling approaches have been applied to study open questions in the cardiovascular system and how these approaches are being increasingly applied to advance knowledge of the underlying effects of cancer treatments on the human heart. A variety of mechanistic, mathematical modeling techniques have been applied to explore the link between common cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, and cardiotoxicity, nevertheless there is limited coverage in the different types of cardiac dysfunction that may be associated with these treatments. Moreover, cardiac modeling has a rich heritage of mathematical modeling and is well suited for the further development of novel approaches for understanding the cardiotoxicities associated with cancer therapeutics. There are many opportunities to combine mechanistic, bottom-up approaches with data-driven, top-down approaches to improve personalized, precision oncology to better understand, and ultimately mitigate, cardiac dysfunction in cancer patients.
“Wandering Spleen” With Lymphomatous Involvement
Authors: Feyza Cagliyan, Zeynep Ceren Balaban Genc, Fuat Dede, Tanju Yusuf Erdil
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Wandering spleen is a rare condition caused by either lack or the laxity of ligaments, which results malposition in the lower abdomen or pelvis. FDG PET/CT is the cornerstone of the staging procedures in the management of lymphomas leading to upstaging and picking up occult lesions in the spleen and extranodal sites. Herein, we reported initial staging 18 F-FDG PET/CT findings of a woman with Hodgkin lymphoma whose spleen was absent in normal position and multiple intense heterogenous hypermetabolism in a pelvic mass raised a suspicion of wandering splenic involvement. The confirmation was made with selective spleen SPECT/CT images thereafter.
The relationship between multiple sleep dimensions and obesity in adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Emma Louise Gale, Andrew James Williams, Joanne E. Cecil
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2023)

Sleep is an involuntary behaviour, biologically fundamental to survival and wellbeing. However, sleep is increasingly neglected, with significant health implications. Recent research has identified associations between sleep duration, quality, timing and risk of overweight/obesity in children and adults. The aim of this review was to systematically identify and examine research that investigates the relationships between multiple objective and subjective sleep outcomes and objective adiposity measures in adolescents. A systematic review of literature, published to December 2022, was conducted using ten bibliographic databases. Search terms included objective and subjective sleep/circadian rhythm outcomes, objective adiposity measurements, and adolescents aged 8-18 years. Eighty-nine studies were included in the final review. Sleep outcomes were synthesized into three sleep domains: pre-sleep, during sleep and post-sleep outcomes. In summary, pre-sleep outcomes (including poor sleep hygiene, later chronotype and increased variability and later sleep timings) and increased sleep disturbance are consistently significantly associated with increased obesity and adiposity in adolescents. The relationship between during-sleep outcomes (sleep quality and efficiency) with adiposity and obesity measures was mixed. These findings suggest that adapting an individual's schedule to best suit chronotype preference and improving sleep hygiene, including a consistent bedtime routine, could reduce adiposity and obesity in adolescents.
Atypical Layering of FDG in Pleural Effusion
Authors: Eun Ji Han, Hyukjin Yoon, Woo Hee Choi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Radiopharmaceuticals can accumulate in malignant or nonmalignant pleural effusion on γ and PET imaging, and effusion shows a pattern of diffusely or focally increased activity. Herein, we report atypical layering of FDG in pleural effusion on PET/CT of 3 patients with metastatic gynecological cancer.