tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infections of the Hand: A Guide to the Surgical Treatment of Acute and Chronic Suppurative Processes in the Fingers, Hand and Forearm.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
At Mayo Clinic, the latest word in computed tomographic systems
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Clinical v^linical research studies have begun with a new one-of-a-kind scanner that resembles a giant pencil sharpener. Called the dynamic spatial reconstructor, this highspeed computed tomographic (CT) system reconstructs a moving, three-dimensional, life-size image of all or part of an internal organ from any view desired. At the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn, where the 15.3-metric ton research device was installed in August 1979, investigators have been making scans of various parts of dogs and monkeys for 13 months. Initial human studies will focus on the heart, lungs, and large blood vessels. Two of the institutes at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md, already have invested $5.2 million in the new tool. Erik L. Ritman, MD, PhD, heads the Mayo biodynamics research unit that has been developing the system for seven years. Because a patient area where preparations, such as the introduction of contrast media, are to be carried
Transdermal Glyceryl Trinitrate to Allow Peripheral Total Parenteral Nutrition: A Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Feasibility Study
Authors: H T Khawaja, J D Williams, P C Weaver
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1991)

Seventy-two consecutive patients requiring total parenteral nutrition (TPN) were randomized to two groups. Group A received daily a peripheral intravenous regimen which provided 10 g nitrogen and 1400 non-nitrogen kcal (5.9 MJ). Group B received daily a peripheral intravenous regimen which delivered 9.4 g nitrogen and 1900 non-nitrogen kcal (8.0 MJ). Each group was further randomized to receive a self-adhesive patch of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) or an identical placebo. Infusion survival was the main end-point. For group A, the median time of infusion survival was 74 h (range: 58–100) in the control group compared with 108 h (range: 68–156) in the group that received transdermal GTN (P &lt; 0.001). For group B, the median infusion survival was 67 h (range: 46–92) in the control group compared with 103 h (range: 66–151) in the treatment group (P &lt; 0.001). TPN is feasible via peripheral veins and the incidence of infusion failure can be effectively reduced by transdermal GTN.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Recurrent malignant gliomas carry a poor prognosis, and targeted therapy is an area of active investigation. A noninvasive biomarker that accurately assesses the treatment response with prognostic value is critically needed. Schwarzenberg and colleagues examine the amino-acid-analogue L-3,4-dihydroxy-6-18F-fluorophenyl-alanine (18F-FDOPA) PET imaging in patients with recurrent high-grade malignant gliomas on antiangiogenic treatment with bevacizumab. This biomarker predicted treatment response successfully as early as 1 to 2 weeks after starting therapy and provided prognostic information. The results of the study can guide the selection of treatment for these patients by identifying responders from nonresponders at an early time after starting therapy.The identification of mutated tumor antigens, which have been found in many cases to represent the predominant targets of tumor-reactive T cells, remains a challenging and time-consuming process. In an attempt to streamline this process, Lu and colleagues developed a novel genetic strategy that involved the screening of tandem minigene libraries encoding nonsynonymous mutations identified by whole-exome sequencing. Use of this approach, which resulted in the identification of mutated antigens recognized by the two populations of melanoma-reactive T cells that were initially evaluated, may facilitate the development of new adoptive cell therapies that target mutated antigens.One of the immunotherapy approaches for cancer is the blocking of immunoinhibitory pair PD-1 and PD-L1 on the surface of lymphocytes and tumor cells. In a large panel of melanoma cell lines, Atefi and colleagues investigated the effect of targeted therapy drugs on expression of PD-L1 and provided indications that different mechanisms of resistance to the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib may have differential effects on expression of PD-L1. Moreover, they provided evidences for combinatorial effects of targeted and immune therapy by indicating the paradoxical effect of vemurafenib on restoring activity of the MAPK pathway and cytokine production in PD-L1 exposed lymphocytes.The development of new drugs and the evolution of mutations that lead to treatment resistance both require longitudinal response assessment. Accurate assessment can decrease exposure to the toxicities of futile treatments and speed access to beneficial alternatives. Zhao and colleagues characterized variability in measuring tumor change on CT in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma. They found that computer-aided analysis produced total system variability of 11% for longest diameters, 19% for bidimensional measurements, and 22% for whole tumor volumes. Any changes exceeding these values are likely to be biologically meaningful and can serve as indications to refine patient management.
Endoscopy International Open – recently published
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

See also: Observer agreement for diagnosis of colorectal lesions with analysis of the vascular pattern by image-enhanced endoscopyEndosc Int Open 2015; 3(03): E240-E245DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1391667 See also: Colon adenocarcinoma with dome-like phenotype: characteristic endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) findingsEndosc Int Open 2015; 3(04): E359-E362DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1392019 See also: Evaluation of anesthesia management, feasibility and efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for achalasia performed in the endoscopy unitEndosc Int Open 2015; 3(04): E289-E295DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1391965
Stenosis of Ileum Due to Mesenteric Laceration
Authors: Clifford H. Urban
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Stenosis of the ileum developed as the result of vascular insufficiency due to laceration of the mesentery after blunt abdominal trauma. Although this entity has been mentioned in the literature, detailed case reports in English are rare, such as the single case in a series of infective granulomas reported by Mock<sup>1</sup>in 1931. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 26-year-old white man in good health was thrown from an automobile moving at approximately 45 mph. The patient sustained a fracture of the left pubic ramus, a bladder laceration, and a retroperitoneal hemorrhage. During the 19 days of hospitalization for treatment of the injuries, one episode of adynamic ileus developed which cleared promptly when treated by intubation. Fortynine days after the original injury, the patient was readmitted with a history of progressively poor appetite, abdominal discomfort, constipation, and flatulence. There had been two days of nausea, anorexia, and
Successful Immunization of Children With and Without Maternal Antibody by Aerosolized Measles Vaccine
Authors: Albert B. Sabin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Inhalation of undiluted, aerosolized measles vaccine was immunogenic in 100% of 4- to 6-month-old and older children with and without residual maternal antibody when the human diploid cell (HDC) vaccine containing the Ikić (Edmonston-Zagreb) strain and 1% human albumin was used but in a smaller percentage of infants given a chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) vaccine, which contained the Edmonston-Schwarz strain, ten times more virus, and hypertonic sugar solution but no added protein. Prevaccination residual placentally transmitted plaque-neutralizing antibody titers of 25 to 512 that can prevent an immune response after subcutaneous injection of measles vaccine did not prevent an immune response after inhalation of aerosolized vaccine. There were no immediate clinical reactions in the 160 children who inhaled the aerosolized vaccines, and no significant subsequent reactions among the 96 children who were successfully immunized. There were no contact infections. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:2651-2662)
Effect of Some Fatty Acid Methyl Esters on Gastrointestinal Carcinogenesis by &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Methyl-&lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;′-nitro-&lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-nitrosoguanidine in Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Arffmann, Erik J. L., Rasmussen, Kurt S., Hansen, Finn N.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Journal Article Effect of Some Fatty Acid Methyl Esters on Gastrointestinal Carcinogenesis by N-Methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Rats Get access Erik J. L. Arffmann, Erik J. L. Arffmann Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kurt S. Rasmussen, Kurt S. Rasmussen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Finn N. Hansen Finn N. Hansen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 67, Issue 5, November 1981, Pages 1071–1075, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/67.5.1071 Published: 01 November 1981 Article history Received: 14 November 1980 Revision received: 02 June 1981 Accepted: 19 June 1981 Published: 01 November 1981
TO DILATE OR NOT TO DILATE
Authors: Ephraim Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

It is generally accepted that examination of the ocular fundus is an important part of a complete physical examination. An adequate examination through an undilated pupil is, however, difficult, and significant systemic and ocular disease often goes unrecognized. Most physicians, wary of precipitating acute glaucoma are, therefore, reluctant to dilate the pupil in order to facilitate ophthalmoscopy. This is the unfortunate result of a lack of understanding of the natural history of angle closure glaucoma and confusion as to the difference between open angle glaucoma and angle closure glaucoma. The more common of the two diseases, open angle glaucoma, is chronic, asymptomatic, and a major cause of blindness. It is not seriously affected by mydriatic drops instilled for a single examination. Angle closure glaucoma, a much less common disease, characterized by acute episodes of pain and blurred vision, can be precipitated by dilating the pupil. These attacks, whether spontaneous or
Positive Lyme Serology in Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
Authors: Alan T. Kaell
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Lyme borreliosis is a multisystem inflammatory disorder caused by the tick-borne spirochete<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>. Clinical manifestations are protean, involving the skin, joints, peripheral and central nervous systems, and the heart. However, the presentation of Lyme disease often overlaps with that of other conditions. We describe four patients from a region endemic for Lyme disease who had elevated levels of antibodies reactive to<i>B burgdorferi</i>and whose signs and symptoms were initially attributed to Lyme borreliosis but whose subsequent blood cultures established a diagnosis of nonspirochetal subacute bacterial endocarditis. Although immunoblots on serum samples from three of the four patients were consistent with prior infection from<i>B burgdorferi</i>, a positive immunoblot does not establish active infection. Similarly, seropositivity to<i>B burgdorferi</i>only indicates possible exposure to this organism. The occurrence of positive serologies to<i>B burgdorferi</i>in the presence of other diseases can lead to diagnostic confusion. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:2916-2918)
The Physician and the Clinical Psychologist
Authors: Herman A. Dickel
Journal: JAMA (1966)

As is well illustrated in the reports that appear from time to time,<sup>1</sup>there is an increasing enlargement in the number of people, disciplines, and interested groups who involve themselves in the general field of health. These individuals and their groups, known as the paramedical groups, are often inadequately known to the physician. A more clear and sound understanding of these groups should exist. There are obvious basic differences between these groups and the medically trained physician. Yet, with time and advancements in the knowledge of health and disease, there is a point at which the various groups do approximate one another in their training and must necessarily overlap in the services that they render the patient, his illnesses, and his community. <h3>Gaps in the Realm of Responsibility</h3> One of the areas of health presently receiving most careful consideration is that of mental health. During the past century, for several
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Scribble (SCRIB) is a tumor suppressor, which, when overexpressed, promotes epithelial differentiation.Feigin and colleagues show that SCRIB is frequently amplified, overexpressed, and mislocalized from cell-cell junctions in human breast cancer.Its high expression was correlated with poor prognosis.Transgenic mice expressing mutant SCRIB unable to localize to cell-cell junctions in breast epithelium developed basal tumors, suggesting that mislocalization of SCRIB drives mammary tumorigenesis.SCRIB interacted with PTEN, and mutant SCRIB increased levels of PTEN.Overexpression of mutant but not wild-type SCRIB activated PI3K signaling.SCRIB amplification and overexpression also activated PI3K in human breast tumors.Thus, high levels of mislocalized SCRIB promoted mammary tumorigenesis, possibly through sequestration of PTEN and activation of PI3K.
Plant Proteins in Child Feeding
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A New Dimension of the Youth Culture
Authors: Armand M. Nicholi
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

Focusing on 17 college students who experienced what they called "religious conversion," the author explores the recent perplexing religious preoccupation among youth. He describes the onset of this phenomenon, delineates its social and psychological determinants, traces its relationship to the drug culture, and, comparing the functioning of these students before and after conversion, discusses whether the experience promotes adaptation or tends to be isolating and destructive.
Effects of Retinoic Acid Versus Dimethyl Sulfoxide on Friend Erythroleukemia Cell Growth. I. Cell Proliferation, RNA Content, and Protein Content&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Frank Traganos, Connie Bueti, Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, Myron R. Melamed
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The effect of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), an oxidative product of vitamin A, on cell growth, cell cycle kinetics, RNA content, and protein content of exponentially growing Friend erythroleukemia (FL) cells was determined and compared with the results obtained with dimethyl sulfoxide [(DMSO) CAS: 67-68-5; methyl sulfoxide], an inducer of differentiation, and α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a potent inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) activity. Growth inhibition of FL cells was observed only during continuous treatment with RA. While RA did not prevent growth to a high cell density, if cultures were maintained in exponential growth, cell number was reduced by 37, 67.4, and 72.2% after 6-day exposure to 10−7, 10−6, and 10−5M RA, respectively. In comparison, 280 mM (2%) DMSO and 5 mM DFMO inhibited growth over the same time course by 92 and 97.3%, respectively. DMSO resulted in an early, transient (18–24 hr) accumulation of cells in G1 phase followed by a later (5 day), irreversible accumulation of G1 cells. RA required several cell generations (48–72 hr) before a dose-dependent G1 accumulation was observed. Two populations of RA-treated FL cells could be identified: one with an intermediate RNA content (T-cells) similar to near-plateau-phase control cultures and the other with low RNA content (Q-cells) similar to that observed for DMSO-differentiated (D) cells. The kinetics of the decrease in RNA content of Q-cells paralleled those of D-cells in DMSO-treated cultures; the proportion of Q- versus T-cells in RA-treated cultures was dependent on both concentration and length of exposure. DFMO treatment did not give rise to low-RNA-containing Q-cells. Protein content of RA-treated cells was also diminished and approached that observed for hemoglobin-containing D-cells. FL cells were recoverable from long-term (> 5 days) treatment with RA, though 2–3 days were required for reestablishment of exponentially growing cultures; apparently only moderate RNA-containing T-cells repopulated the culture. Neither RA nor DFMO treatment gave rise to benzedine-positive, hemoglobin-containing cells as compared to DMSO that induced differentiation in these cultures.
The Decision to Be Tested for Huntington's Disease
Authors: Kimberly A. Quaid
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Predictive testing for Huntington's disease (HD) using restriction-fragment length polymorphism markers is being conducted at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. During the development of this genetic linkage test, surveys of those at risk for HD indicated that the majority of those asked, between 73%<sup>1</sup>and 77%,<sup>2</sup>would make use of a safe and reliable predictive test. In the only population-based survey of at-risk individuals, the proportion indicating a desire for testing was 56%.<sup>3</sup>Surveys undertaken since the announcement of the predictive test suggest that the number of at-risk individuals intending to make use of this test remains high.<sup>4</sup>Our experience to date suggests that, when actually offered the opportunity to discover whether they have inherited the marker for HD, the number of people opting for testing is significantly lower than the population-based survey suggests. <h3>Study.—</h3> In November 1986, we mailed letters announcing a research
Monitoring Quality of Care in the Medicare Program
Authors: Robert H. Brook
Journal: JAMA (1987)

TWENTY years ago, when much of the methods work in quality assessment began,<sup>1</sup>an age of optimism about the provision of health services in the nation appeared to have dawned. Resources seemed unlimited, and legislation to increase access to services for the underserved was at last being enacted. Measures of quality and health status were seen as crucial aids in knowing where to put additional funds to make Americans as healthy as possible, and it was believed that more resources would be available to develop the best possible methods for assessing quality and health status. As we now know, events did not unfold as had been so expansively expected. Even as access to care improved, costs of health care escalated beyond all imagined levels. In this environment, the field of quality assessment did not flourish as its proponents had hoped. Apparently unlimited resources and rapid technologic changes were, perhaps,
POS0348 DEVELOPING A WHOLE MOUNT FLUORESCENT OSTEOCLAST ACTIVITY ASSAY USING THE ELF97 PHOSPHATASE SUBSTRATE TO VISUALISE AND QUANTIFY IN SITU OSTEOCLAST ACTIVITY IN ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO)
Authors: E. L. S. Fong, E. L. Prabha, T. Carney
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)

Background Osteoporosis is a mineral bone disease arising from the predominance of osteoclastic bone resorption. Bisphosphonates which inhibit osteoclasts are commonly used in osteoporosis treatment, but are not without severe adverse effects like osteonecrosis of the jaw. The mechanisms behind the development of such phenomena is not well understood. Bone homeostasis is achieved through an intimate cross-talk between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Thus, it is important to visualise activities of these cells simultaneously in situ. Currently, there are means to visualise osteoclast shape and numbers with tartrate-resistant alkaline phosphatase (TRAP) staining but no practical and accurate methods to quantify osteoclast activity in situ . Objectives This investigation aims to establish the use of ELF97, a substrate of TRAP, to visualise and quantify osteoclast activity. This provides vital clues to mechanisms of various bone disorders. TRAP dephosphorylation of ELF97 results in a detectable fluorescent product at areas of osteoclast activity. Methods Osteoclastic activity was initiated in zebrafish by inducing crush injuries in tail fin rays. Colocalisation of ELF97 fluorescence with osteoclast-specific DsRed in transgenic zebrafish, visualised under confocal microscopy, is used to further establish the specificity of ELF97 to sites of osteoclastic activity. Quantification is established by comparing fluorescence between wild type, osteoclast-deficient mutants and bisphosphonate-treated zebrafish. The utility of ELF97 will also be investigated in terms of the stability of the florescent product. Results The investigation revealed that ELF97 and DsRed fluorescence were found commonly at crush sites with osteoclastic activity. Wild type zebrafish had greater fluorescence compared to osteoclast-deficient (p&lt;0.0001) and bisphosphonate-treated zebrafish (p&lt;0.0001) after 7 and 14 days post-crush, revealing that fluorescence from ELF97 corresponds to expected osteoclastic activity. Fluorescence of tail fins treated with ELF97 did not diminish over a period of 21 days of storage, demonstrating its stability. Conclusion ELF97 is thus a useful means to visualise osteoclast activity, potentially crucial in more advanced investigations to understand bone disorders. It could be used in combination with other cellular markers in whole biological samples to study and experimentally manipulate bone remodelling. Disclosure of Interests None declared