tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic Variation in Early Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccine and Parental Intent and Attitudes Toward Vaccination of Children Aged 6 Months–4 Years — United States, July 1–29, 2022
Authors: Tammy A. Santibanez, Tianyi Zhou, Carla L. Black, Tara M. Vogt, Bhavini Patel Murthy, Vicki Pineau, James A. Singleton
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2022)

COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective for infants and young children, and on June 18, 2022, CDC recommended COVID-19 vaccination for infants and children (children) aged 6 months-4 years (1,2).As of November 9, 2022, based on administrative data reported to CDC,* 5.9% of children aged <2 years and 8.8% of children aged 2-4 years had received ≥1 dose.To better understand reasons for low coverage among children aged <5 years, CDC analyzed data from 4,496 National Immunization Survey-Child COVID Module (NIS-CCM) interviews conducted during July 1-29, 2022, to examine variation in receipt of ≥1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine and parental intent to vaccinate children aged 6 months-4 years by sociodemographic characteristics and by parental beliefs about COVID-19; type of vaccination place was also reported.Among children aged 6 months-4 years, 3.5% were vaccinated; 59.3% were unvaccinated, but the parent was open to vaccination; and 37.2% were unvaccinated, and the parent was reluctant to vaccinate their child.Openness to vaccination was higher among parents of Hispanic or Latino (Hispanic) (66.2%), non-Hispanic Black or African American (Black) (61.1%), and non-Hispanic Asian (Asian) (83.1%) children than among parents of non-Hispanic White (White) (52.9%) children and lower among parents of children in rural areas (45.8%) than among parents of children in urban areas (64.1%).Parental confidence in COVID-19 vaccine safety and receipt of a provider recommendation for COVID-19 vaccination were lower among unvaccinated than vaccinated children.COVID-19 vaccine recommendations from a health care provider, along with dissemination of information about the safety of COVID-19 vaccine by trusted persons, could increase vaccination coverage among young children.NIS-CCM † is an ongoing, national random-digit-dialed mobile telephone survey of households that include children and adolescents aged 6 months-17 years (3,4).The survey respondent was a parent or guardian (parent) who indicated they were knowledgeable about the child's vaccination history.COVID-19 vaccination status was based on the parent's * Reported vaccination coverage estimates are by single year of age and, despite the vaccination recommendation targeting children aged 6 months to <5 years, population estimates for all children aged <5 years were used as the denominator.https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccination-demographic;https:// covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccination-demographics-trends
Brave new world: Imaginative fictions offer simulated safety and actual benefits
Authors: Jenny E Nissel, Jacqueline D Woolley
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract Human engagement with imaginary worlds pervades history (e.g., Paleolithic cave paintings) and development (e.g., 18-month-olds pretend). In providing a safe environment, separate from the real world, fiction offers the opportunity for simulated exploration regardless of external circumstances. Thus, engagement with imaginary worlds in fiction may afford individuals opportunities to reap benefits and transfer these benefits back to the real world.
Simulation, stories, and fictional worlds
Authors: Patrick Colm Hogan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract The authors explain our attraction to strange, literary places as resulting from our attraction to strange places in real life. I believe this is correct and important. The aim of the following commentary is to show that their main conclusion is closely related to – even (retrospectively) predictable from – the operation of simulation and the consequences of that operation for storytelling.
Telomeres expand sphere of influence: emerging molecular impact of telomeres in non-telomeric functions
Authors: Soujanya Vinayagamurthy, Sulochana Bagri, Jean-Louis Mergny, Shantanu Chowdhury
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2022)

Although the impact of telomeres on physiology stands well established, a question remains: how do telomeres impact cellular functions at a molecular level? This is because current understanding limits the influence of telomeres to adjacent subtelomeric regions despite the wide-ranging impact of telomeres. Emerging work in two distinct aspects offers opportunities to bridge this gap. First, telomere-binding factors were found with non-telomeric functions. Second, locally induced DNA secondary structures called G-quadruplexes are notably abundant in telomeres, and gene regulatory regions genome wide. Many telomeric factors bind to G-quadruplexes for non-telomeric functions. Here we discuss a more general model of how telomeres impact the non-telomeric genome - through factors that associate at telomeres and genome wide - and influence cell-intrinsic functions, particularly aging, cancer, and pluripotency.
Abundance of viral gastroenteritis before and after the emergence of COVID-19: Molecular evidence on wastewater
Authors: Sheikh Ariful Hoque, Tomohiro Kotaki, Ngan Thi Kim Pham, Yuko Onda, Shoko Okitsu, Shintaro Sato, Yoshikazu Yuki, Takeshi Kobayashi, Niwat Maneekarn, Hiroshi Kiyono, Satoshi Hayakawa, Hiroshi Ushijima
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Early Increase of Circulating Transitional B Cells and Autoantibodies to <scp>Joint‐Related</scp> Proteins in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma Developing Checkpoint Inhibitor–Induced Inflammatory Arthritis
Authors: Mariele Gatto, Sara Bjursten, Charlotte A. Jonsson, Monica Leu Agelii, Caroline Jonell, Sarah McGrath, Erik Lönnblom, Outi Sareila, Rikard Holmdahl, Anna Rudin, Max Levin, Inger Gjertsson
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2022)

Objective To investigate potential associations between B cell–related immunologic changes and development of inflammatory arthritis (IA) after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methods Patients who developed ICI‐induced IA (ICI‐IA) and patients who did not develop immune‐related adverse events (non‐IRAE) after receiving ICIs to treat metastatic melanoma were consecutively recruited. Blood samples were collected at the time of ICI‐IA occurrence and at different time points during treatment. Peripheral blood B cell subsets during ICI treatment were analyzed by flow cytometry. Rheumatoid factor, anti–citrullinated protein antibodies, and antibodies against joint‐related proteins were measured. Results Proportions of CD19+ B cells were higher in patients with ICI‐IA (n = 7) compared to patients with non‐IRAE (n = 15) (median 11.7% [interquartile range (IQR) 9.7–16.2%] versus 8.1% [IQR 5.7–11.0%]; P = 0.03). The proportion and absolute numbers of transitional CD19+CD10+CD24 high CD38 high B cells were increased in patients with ICI‐IA compared to non‐IRAE patients (median 8.1% [IQR 4.9–12.1%] versus 3.6% [IQR 1.9–4.9%]; median 10.7 cells/μl [IQR 8.9–19.6] versus 4.4 cells/μl [IQR 2.3–6.6]; P &lt; 0.01 for both). In addition, higher levels of transitional B cells were associated with development of ICI‐IA (odds ratio 2.25 [95% confidence interval 1.03–4.9], P = 0.04). Transitional B cells increased before the onset of overt ICI‐IA and decreased between the active and quiescent stages of ICI‐IA ( P = 0.02). Autoantibodies to type II collagen epitopes were detected in up to 43% of ICI‐IA patients compared to none of the non‐IRAE patients ( P = 0.02). Conclusion Development of ICI‐IA is accompanied by an increase in transitional B cells and by production of autoantibodies to joint‐related proteins. Monitoring of B cell–driven abnormalities upon ICI treatment may help earlier recognition of ICI‐IA. image
All non-real worlds provide exploration: Evidence from developmental psychology
Authors: Katherine E Norman, Thalia R Goldstein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract While Dubourg and Baumard argue that predisposition toward exploration draws us to fictional environments, they fail to answer their titular question: “Why Imaginary Worlds?” Research in pretend play, psychological distancing, and theatre shows that being “imaginary” (i.e., any type of unreal, rather than only fantastically unreal) makes exploration of any fictional world profoundly different than that of real-life unfamiliar environments.
Am I present in imaginary worlds? Intentions, actions, and flow in mediated experiences and fiction
Authors: Federico Pianzola, Giuseppe Riva, Karin Kukkonen, Fabrizia Mantovani
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract We support the idea of applying cultural evolution theory to the study of storytelling, and fiction in particular. However, we suggest that a more plausible link between real and imaginary worlds is the feeling of “presence” we can experience in both of them: we feel present when we are able to correctly and intuitively enact our embodied predictions.
Sequencing and titrating approach of therapy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction following the 2021 European Society of Cardiology guidelines: an international cardiology survey
Authors: Charles Fauvel, Guillaume Bonnet, Wilfried Mullens, Clara Ines Saldarriaga Giraldo, Anja Zupan Mežnar, Anders Barasa, Mariya Tokmakova, Anastasia Shchendrygina, Francisco Moscoso Costa, Massimo Mapelli, Filip Zemrak, Laurens F. Tops, Nina Jakus, Arian Sultan, Fadel Bahouth, Chahr‐eddine Hadjseyd, Muriel Salvat, Matteo Anselmino, Daniel Messroghli, Vanessa Weberndörfer, Ilya Giverts, Thomas Bochaton, Pierre Yves Courand, Emmanuelle Berthelot, Damien Legallois, Florence Beauvais, Fabrice Bauer, Nicolas Lamblin, Thibaud Damy, Nicolas Girerd, Laurent Sebbag, Théo Pezel, Alain Cohen‐Solal, Giuseppe Rosano, François Roubille, Nathan Mewton
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2022)

Abstract Aims In symptomatic patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), recent international guidelines recommend initiating four major therapeutic classes rather than sequential initiation. It remains unclear how this change in guidelines is perceived by practicing cardiologists versus heart failure (HF) specialists. Methods and results An independent academic web‐based survey was designed by a group of HF specialists and posted by email and through various social networks to a broad community of cardiologists worldwide 1 year after the publication of the latest European HF guidelines. Overall, 615 cardiologists (38 [32–47] years old, 63% male) completed the survey, of which 58% were working in a university hospital and 26% were HF specialists. The threshold to define HFrEF was ≤40% for 61% of the physicians. Preferred drug prescription for the sequential approach was angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors first (74%), beta‐blockers second (55%), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists third (52%), and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (53%) fourth. Eighty‐four percent of participants felt that starting all four classes was feasible within the initial hospitalization, and 58% felt that titration is less important than introducing a new class. Age, status in training, and specialization in HF field were the principal characteristics that significantly impacted the answers. Conclusion In a broad international cardiology community, the ‘historical approach’ to HFrEF therapies remains the preferred sequencing approach. However, accelerated introduction and uptitration are also major treatment goals. Strategy trials in treatment guidance are needed to further change practices.
The evolution of imagination and the adaptive value of imaginary worlds
Authors: Richard Moore, Thomas Hills
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract Characterizing the cultural evolution of imaginary worlds as a hedonic but non-adaptive exaptation from evolved exploratory tendencies, Dubourg and Baumard defend too narrow a conception of the adaptive evolution of imaginary worlds. Imagination and its imaginary worlds are ancient and adaptive, allowing deliberation over actions, consequences, and futures worth aspiring to, often engendering the world we see around us.
Imaginary worlds through the evolutionary lens: Ultimate functions, proximate mechanisms, cultural distribution
Authors: Edgar Dubourg, Nicolas Baumard
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract We received several commentaries both challenging and supporting our hypothesis. We thank the commentators for their thoughtful contributions, bringing together alternative hypotheses, complementary explanations, and appropriate corrections to our model. Here, we explain further our hypothesis, using more explicitly the framework of evolutionary social sciences. We first explain what we believe is the ultimate function of fiction in general (i.e., entertainment) and how this hypothesis differs from other evolutionary hypotheses put forward by several commentators. We then turn to the proximate features that make imaginary worlds entertaining and, therefore, culturally successful. We finally explore how these insights may explain the distribution of imaginary worlds across time, space, age, and social classes.
Assessment of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Outcomes of Pediatric Hospitalizations for Sepsis Across the United States
Authors: Erica Li, Ayesha P. Ng, Catherine G. Williamson, Zachary Tran, Myke D. Federman, Peyman Benharash
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

This cross-sectional study examines mortality, prevalence of complex chronic conditions, and admission rates by race and ethnicity of hospitalized children.
The familiar appeal of imaginary worlds
Authors: Andrew Shtulman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract Imaginary worlds may satisfy our need to explore, but it's an open question what we are searching for. Research on imagination suggests that if we are searching for something extraordinary – something that violates our intuitions about real-world causality – then we seek it in small doses and in contexts that ultimately confirm our intuitions. Imaginary worlds allow for true novelty, but we may actually prefer ideas that are novel on their surface but familiar at their core.
Aberrant Naive <scp>CD4</scp>–Positive T Cell Differentiation in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Committed to B Cell Help
Authors: Julia Kuehn, Susanne Schleifenbaum, Michaela Hendling, Sandra Siebenhandl, Julie Krainer, Sabrina Fuehner, Antje Hellige, Carolin Park, Claas Hinze, Helmut Wittkowski, Dirk Holzinger, Lorenz Thurner, Andreas Weinhäusel, Dirk Foell, Christoph Kessel
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2022)

Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) features characteristics of autoinflammation and autoimmunity, culminating in chronic arthritis. In this study, we hypothesized that aberrant or incomplete polarization of T helper cells contributes to disease pathology.Cells or serum samples were obtained from healthy controls (n = 72) and systemic JIA patients (n = 171). Isolated naive T helper cells were cultured under Th1, Th17, and T follicular helper (Tfh) or T peripheral helper (Tph)-polarizing conditions and were partly cocultured with allogenic memory B cells. Cell samples were then analyzed for surface marker, transcription factor, and cytokine expression, as well as plasmablast generation. Serum samples were subjected to multiplexed bead and self-antigen arrays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and all data were compared to retrospective RNA profiling analyses.Differentiation of systemic JIA-naive T helper cells toward Th1 cells resulted in low expression levels of interferon-γ (IFNγ) and eomesodermin, which was associated in part with disease duration. In contrast, developing Th1 cells in patients with systemic JIA were found to produce elevated levels of interleukin-21 (IL-21), which negatively correlated with cellular expression of IFNγ and eomesodermin. In both in vitro and ex vivo analyses, IL-21 together with programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS), and CXCR5 expression induced naive T helper cells from systemic JIA patients to polarize toward a Tfh/Tph cell phenotype. Retrospective analysis of whole-blood RNA-sequencing data demonstrated that Bcl-6, a master transcription factor in Tfh/Tph cell differentiation, was overexpressed specifically in patients with systemic JIA. Naive T helper cells from systemic JIA patients which were stimulated in vitro promoted B cellular plasmablast generation, and self-antigen array data indicated that IgG reactivity profiles of patients with systemic JIA differed from those of healthy controls.In the pathogenesis of systemic JIA, skewing of naive T helper cell differentiation toward a Tfh/Tph cell phenotype may represent an echo of autoimmunity, which may indicate the mechanisms driving progression toward chronic destructive arthritis.
Human rights and the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective and prospective analysis
Authors: Lawrence O Gostin, Eric A Friedman, Sara Hossain, Joia Mukherjee, Saman Zia-Zarifi, Chelsea Clinton, Umunyana Rugege, Paulo Buss, Miriam Were, Ames Dhai
Journal: The Lancet (2022)

When the history of the COVID-19 pandemic is written, the failure of many states to live up to their human rights obligations should be a central narrative. The pandemic began with Wuhan officials in China suppressing information, silencing whistleblowers, and violating the freedom of expression and the right to health. Since then, COVID-19's effects have been profoundly unequal, both nationally and globally. These inequalities have emphatically highlighted how far countries are from meeting the supreme human rights command of non-discrimination, from achieving the highest attainable standard of health that is equally the right of all people everywhere, and from taking the human rights obligation of international assistance and cooperation seriously. We propose embedding human rights and equity within a transformed global health architecture as the necessary response to COVID-19's rights violations. This means vastly more funding from high-income countries to support low-income and middle-income countries in rights-based recoveries, plus implementing measures to ensure equitable distribution of COVID-19 medical technologies. We also emphasise structured approaches to funding and equitable distribution going forward, which includes embedding human rights into a new pandemic treaty. Above all, new legal instruments and mechanisms, from a right to health treaty to a fund for civil society right to health advocacy, are required so that the narratives of future health emergencies-and people's daily lives-are ones of equality and human rights.
Not just a hijack: Imaginary worlds can enhance individual and group-level fitness
Authors: Danica Wilbanks, Jordan W Moon, Brent Stewart, Kurt Gray, Michael E W Varnum
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract Why has fiction been so successful over time? We make the case that fiction may have properties that enhance both individual and group-level fitness by (a) allowing risk-free simulation of important scenarios, (b) effectively transmitting solutions to common problems, and (c) enhancing group cohesion through shared consumption of fictive worlds.
Diversity and Clonality of T Cell Receptor Repertoire and Antigen Specificities in Small Joints of Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Sara Turcinov, Erik af Klint, Bertrand Van Schoubroeck, Arlette Kouwenhoven, Sohel Mia, Karine Chemin, Hans Wils, Carl Van Hove, An De Bondt, Ken Keustermans, Jeroen Van Houdt, Joke Reumers, Nathan Felix, Navin L. Rao, Pieter Peeters, Frederik Stevenaert, Lars Klareskog, Murray McKinnon, Daniel Baker, Anish Suri, Vivianne Malmström
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2022)

Objective CD4+ T cells are implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathology from the strong association between RA and certain HLA class II gene variants. This study was undertaken to examine the synovial T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, T cell phenotypes, and T cell specificities in small joints of RA patients at time of diagnosis before therapeutic intervention. Methods Sixteen patients, of whom 11 patients were anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)–positive and 5 patients were ACPA–, underwent ultrasound‐guided synovial biopsy of a small joint (n = 13) or arthroscopic synovial biopsy of a large joint (n = 3), followed by direct sorting of single T cells for paired sequencing of the αβ TCR together with flow cytometry analysis. TCRs from expanded CD4+ T cell clones of 4 patients carrying an HLA–DRB1*04:01 allele were artificially reexpressed to study antigen specificity. Results T cell analysis demonstrated CD4+ dominance and the presence of peripheral helper T–like cells in both patient groups. We identified &gt;4,000 unique TCR sequences, as well as 225 clonal expansions. Additionally, T cells with double α‐chains were a recurring feature. We identified a biased gene usage of the V β chain segment TRBV20‐1 in CD4+ cells from ACPA+ patients. In vitro stimulation of T cell lines expressing selected TCRs with an extensive panel of citrullinated and viral peptides identified several different virus‐specific TCRs (e.g., human cytomegalovirus and human herpesvirus 2). Still, the majority of clones remained orphans with unknown specificity. Conclusion Minimally invasive biopsies of the RA synovium allow for single‐cell TCR sequencing and phenotyping. Clonally expanded, viral‐reactive T cells account for part of the diverse CD4+ T cell repertoire. TRBV20‐1 bias in ACPA+ patients suggests recognition of common antigens. image
Trends in the Concurrent Prescription of Opioids and Gabapentin in the US, 2006 to 2018
Authors: Evan D. Peet, Beth Dana, Flora Yaou Sheng, David Powell, Kanaka Shetty, Bradley D. Stein
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

This cohort study examines trends in concurrent gabapentin and opioid prescribing in the US, overall and by prescriber, patient, and county characteristics, between 2006 and 2018.
A Decade of Observing the Hospital Readmission Reductions Program—Time to Retire an Ineffective Policy
Authors: Jose F. Figueroa, Rishi K. Wadhera
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Amber K. Sabbatini, MD, MPH; Karen E. Joynt-Maddox, MD, MPH; Joshua M. Liao, MD, MSc; Anirban Basu, PhD; Canada Parrish, PhD, MSPH; William Kreuter, MPA; Brad Wright, PhD
Brentuximab vedotin plus nivolumab after autologous haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for adult patients with high-risk classic Hodgkin lymphoma: a multicentre, phase 2 trial
Authors: Alex F Herrera, Lu Chen, Yago Nieto, Leona Holmberg, Patrick Johnston, Matthew Mei, Leslie Popplewell, Saro Armenian, Thai Cao, Leonardo Farol, Firoozeh Sahebi, Ricardo Spielberger, Robert Chen, Auayporn Nademanee, Sandrine Puverel, Mary Nwangwu, Peter Lee, Joo Song, Alan Skarbnik, Neena Kennedy, Lacolle Peters, Steven T Rosen, Larry W Kwak, Stephen J Forman, Tatyana Feldman
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2022)