tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute Adrenal Insufficiency
Authors: Thep Himathongkam
Journal: JAMA (1974)

ACUTE adrenal insufficiency or "Addisonian crisis" is a life-threatening event in a patient whose physiological requirement for glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid steroid hormones exceeds available supply. Prior to the availability of steroid therapy, acute adrenal insufficiency was the culmination of end-stage Addison disease. With an increasing use of maintenance glucocorticoid therapy, acute adrenal insufficiency has become more commonly recognized among patients with bilateral adrenalectomy, hypophysectomy, and in those on long-term glucocorticoid therapy for other disease processes. Precipitating events are various stressful situations—surgery, severe infection, and trauma—where the requirement for corticosteroids is increased and not met by the fixed steroid dosage that the patient is taking. Acute adrenal insufficiency is generally characterized by one or more of the following signs and symptoms<sup>1,2</sup>: (1) hypotension, (2) nausea and vomiting, (3) severe weakness, (4) hyperthermia, (5) hypoglycemia, and (6) hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. In addition, the intravascular volume depletion secondary to mineralocorticoid deficiency may
Pitfalls in the Management of Acute Adrenocortical Insufficiency: Discussion Paper
Authors: A Waise, R J Young
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1989)

In patients with acute adrenocortical insufficiency prompt recognition and treatment may be life-saving. Treatment should be initiated immediately before confirmation of the diagnosis. As shown by these case reports, junior staff on acute medical and surgical services, to whom these patients usually first present, may not appreciate that (a) hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia, in the absence of renal failure, should immediately suggest the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency and (b) treatment should precede confirmation of the diagnosis. Attempts to correct hyperkalaemia due to adrenocortical insufficiency with insulin and infusions of dextrose is inappropriate and potentially dangerous but seems to be a not unusual mistake.
Medical Schools in the United States
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Cytarabine incorporation into DNA activates checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), induces S phase slowing, and leads to cytarabine resistance. The selective Chk1 inhibitor SCH 900776 overcomes CHK1 activation and enhances cytarabine cytotoxicity in acute leukemia cells in vitro. On this basis, Karp and colleagues conducted a phase I study of cytarabine and SCH 900776 in adults with resistant acute leukemias. The combination enhanced the DNA damaging effects of cytarabine in leukemic blasts and induced remissions in relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemias (AML). The data support a randomized phase II trial of cytarabine +/− SCH 900776 for adults with poor-risk AML.Deregulated FGFR expression plays an important role in driving many cancers. In this report, Zhang and colleagues identify FGFR1 gene amplification in a cohort of Chinese squamous cell carcinoma, in which effective treatment therapies are desperately needed. Utility for the novel and selective FGFR inhibitor, AZD4547, was shown through in vitro tumor cell proliferation studies, and importantly, translational significance was established by the observation of tumor stasis or regression effects in a panel of FGFR1-amplified squamous lung patient–derived tumor xenograft models, but not in nonamplified models. These data thus provide a strong rationale for the investigation of AZD4547 as a novel therapeutic option for NSCLC patients with tumors harboring FGFR1 amplification.Oncolytic viruses have been developed as a new class of therapeutics for cancer. Although their clinical safety profiles are encouraging, the efficacy of oncolytic viruses as single-agent therapy has been limited. Tysome and colleagues developed a novel therapeutic regime using a sequential combination of oncolytic adenovirus and vaccinia virus. Not only does this regimen eradicate established tumors in immunocompetent animal models, but strikingly it also results in long-lasting tumor-specific immunity. These findings provide proof-of-concept support for the sequential use of oncolytic adenovirus and vaccinia virus as a powerful antitumor therapeutic modality that could be directly translated for use in cancer patients.In this study, Grupp and colleagues show that autologous expanded T cells can provide productive host defense and can augment antibody responses to immunizations. This study improves our understanding of how patient-specific therapy could be offered to improve outcomes posttransplant in high-risk individuals.
Immunotherapy of Condyloma Acuminata
Authors: William W. Curtis
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The development of juvenile papillomatosis of the larynx has been one of many enigmas of medicine. The recent article by Cook and colleagues, "Maternal condylomata linked to lesions in babies" in MEDICAL NEWS (224:1475, 1973), reporting the increased chance of the development of papillomatosis of the larynx in children of pregnant women with<i>Condylomata acuminata</i>at the time of delivery suggested to us that a note of reminder of a valuable means of therapy would be most timely. Immunotherapy for the treatment of warts, eg, of the genital area, such as<i>C acuminata</i>, by autogenous vaccine was described as early as 1944 by Biberstein.<sup>1</sup>However, until the recent report by Powell et al,<sup>2</sup>it had apparently fallen into disuse. In the present communication, we report the treatment of<i>C acuminata</i>of the perineum of a 26-year-old woman. Wart tissue was obtained in sterile saline from the
The Pathogenesis of Cardiac Cachexia
Authors: Joseph G. Pittman, Phin Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE striking degree of malnutrition that may accompany chronic congestive heart failure has been termed cardiac cachexia. Hippocrates was perhaps the first to record this association between dropsy and cachexia: "The flesh is consumed and becomes water ... the abdomen fills with water; the feet and legs swell; the shoulders, clavicles, chest, and thighs melt away."1 The mechanisms that may underlie the development of cardiac cachexia have not been defined precisely. Although considerable knowledge has been gathered regarding the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure, it remains difficult to synthesize, from the many fragments of specialized information that are available, a . . .
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

The work of Julien and colleagues represents the joint effort of a public/private consortium to characterize a new collection of patient-derived colorectal cancer models and evaluate drug sensitivity as a means to improve the standard of care. Maintenance of this repository of clinical features, even with the highly heterogeneous colorectal cancers, is allowing correlation with drug sensitivity and patient clinical history. Beyond the cetuximab sensitivity shown to be associated with KRAS status, this collection opens up new avenues to evaluate new targeted therapies or biomarkers in experimental phase II trials. Moreover, the occurrence of metastases emphasizes the value of patient-derived xenograft models as preclinical models relevant for translational research.System xC− plays an important role in growth and progression of cancer and glutathione-based drug resistance. The xCT subunit of system xC− is stabilized by CD44 enabling better regulation of redox status. Baek and colleagues conducted an exploratory clinical trial with (4S)-4-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-L-glutamate ([18F]FSPG) in patients with non–small cell lung or breast cancer. The authors observed a high cancer detection rate of [18F]FSPG positron emission tomography (PET) and a correlation of [18F]FSPG uptake with the expression of the xCT subunit of system xC− together with CD44. These findings suggest that [18F]FSPG PET can be used to assess xC− transporter activity in cancer patients.Mixed bacterial vaccine (MBV; Coley's toxins) is a historical, vaguely defined preparation of heat-inactivated Streptococcus pyogenes and Serratia marcescens used as nonspecific immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer. Karbach and colleagues revisit Coley's toxins with a phase I clinical trial examining the immune-modulatory and clinical effects of a new, biochemically well-defined and cGMP-compliant MBV preparation. The study shows safety and evidence of in vivo MBV effects through the production of inflammatory cytokines. These findings clearly indicate that a strong “danger signal” evokes measurable inflammatory immune responses that render MBV as a potent adjuvant treatment in combination with different strategies to treat cancer, including cancer vaccines.Normal tissues are typically more sensitive to the size of daily doses (fractions) of radiotherapy than cancers are. However, recent evidence indicates that breast and prostate cancer are more sensitive to fraction size than is commonly assumed. Using human epidermis as a model, Somaiah and colleagues show that homologous recombination repair of radiation-induced DNA breaks is progressively activated during a course of radiotherapy. This finding correlates with the loss of fractionation sensitivity seen clinically. Adoption of homologous recombination, due to its high fidelity, may explain the loss of fractionation sensitivity in rapidly cycling normal and malignant tissues and suggests a potential approach to individualized treatment.
Kurzes Lehrbuch der chemischen Physiologie.
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hepatitis B Infection in Other Hospital Personnel
Authors: W. James Alexander
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We recently participated in a multicenter study of risk factors associated with the diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis.<sup>1</sup>Francis et al found that of the acute type B hepatitis infections reported to the five centers participating in this study, 12% occurred in persons employed in medical care work settings. It has long been recognized that among medical care workers, hospital personnel have an increased risk of type B hepatitis, but not type A hepatitis, because of occupational contact with blood and other serum-containing patient secretions. Apart from the obvious risk to nurses, medical laboratory technicians, and certain physicians, little information is available on risk of type B hepatitis in hospital ancillary personnel who do not have routine patient or specimen contact. Between Jan 1, 1980, and Dec 31, 1983, there were 459 cases of acute type B hepatitis in Jefferson County, Alabama residents reported to the
Diseases of the Stomach, Intestines and Pancreas.
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Successful development of targeted therapeutics now and in the future will hinge on defining patient subsets that are most likely to benefit from new drug candidates. Walter and colleagues combined microfluidics-based gene expression analysis and genome-wide methylation profiling to determine if DNA methylation patterns could classify clinically relevant phenotypic subsets of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). DNA methylation patterns divided NSCLC cell lines and tumors into epithelial-like and mesenchymal-like subtypes. These findings show that DNA methylation profiles can serve as surrogates for gene expression profiles and provide proof-of-principle that DNA methylation differences can be used as a platform for predictive biomarker discovery and development.Overexpression of Auroras is implicated in oncogenic transformation associated with chromosomal instability in human malignancy. In mantle cell lymphoma, Aurora A and B are prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. To investigate Auroras as therapeutic targets, Mahadevan and colleagues evaluated the synergistic combination of MLN8237 with vincristine (MV) in a mouse xenograft model of mantle cell lymphoma and observed that the combination led to tumor regression. However, the tumors returned 2 weeks after treatment. Addition of rituximab to MV resulted in tumor regression and cure, with no relapses 120 days after treatment. Hence, rituximab has synthetic lethality with the MV regimen. A phase I/II study is evaluating MV combined with rituximab in relapsed refractory B-cell lymphoma.The dual-targeting strategy involving phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT and RAS/MEK pathways in cancer treatment is particularly intriguing because there is evidence that both pathways are extensively interconnected. Shimizu and colleagues found, through an analysis from a phase I database, that dual inhibition of both pathways may show favorable efficacy compared with single inhibition of either pathway alone, at the expense of greater toxicity in a clinical setting. They also report potentially promising clinical benefits in patients who were treated with combination drug regimens simultaneously targeted to both pathways. These data could provide a platform for further in-depth investigation of molecular profiling and matching of patients with combinations of these targeted drugs for personalized treatment.Diagnostic evaluation of advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) could be aided considerably by robust circulating biomarkers. Punnoose and colleagues showed that evaluation of circulating tumor cells (CTC) and circulating tumor DNA can provide information about the molecular characteristics of a patient's tumor from a noninvasive blood draw. They found that mutational analysis of cell-free DNA from blood was more sensitive than analyses of captured CTCs for determining the epidermal growth factor receptor genotype. Moreover, decreases in CTC numbers during treatment of advanced NSCLC patients with targeted therapies were associated with antitumor activity based on imaging endpoints and progression-free survival.
Severe Metabolic Complications in a Cross-Country Runner With Sickle Cell Trait
Authors: Kathy J. Helzlsouer
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A 17-year-old black male with sickle cell trait collapsed after completion of a 5,000-m cross-country race. He manifested CNS dysfunction, disseminated intravascular coagulation, rhabdomyolysis, renal insufficiency, and deep venous thrombosis. Sickle cell crisis may have been etiologic in the pathogenesis of this constellation of abnormalities. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:777-779)
A Complement-Fixation Test for the Bovine Leukemia (C-Type) Virus
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

A complement-fixation (CF) testwas developed for identification of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) in various tissue-culture preparations; serum from a sheep with an experimentally induced infection was used as the source of antibody. Virus antigen was successfully demonstrated in short-term lymphocyte suspension cultures from infected cattle, in fetal lamb spleen monolayer cultures infected in vitro, and in cell lines established from bovine lymphosarcomas. Specificity of the antiserum for BLV was determined by its failure to react with other syncytium-producing agents of cattle (bovine syncytial, herpes-like, and visna-Iike viruses). A modified CF test detected BLV antibodies in cattle sera. The changes were addition of 5% unheated normal bovine serum to the guinea pig complement and extension of the incubation period to 16 hours. Antibodies then were detected in 47 of 52 sera from cattle with lymphosarcoma. Titers ranged from 1∶4 to 1∶2048. All but one of the reacting sera also contained precipitating antibodies, as determined by agar gel immunodiffusion tests.
Abstracts of the 23rd Annual Conference of the International Society of Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE). September 13 - 16, 2011, Barcelona, Spain
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

The International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE) is an international organization with almost 1000 members from more than 60 countries. The annual international conference brings together many members and non-members and provides an excellent forum for the discussion of problems and benefits related to the environment and human health. Specific themes for the 23rd Annual Conference include: Sustainable transport and health: Impact of transport on health and approaches to reduce health impacts, Impact of climate change: from water scarcity to Saharan dust episodes, Early exposure - later life: in utero and early life exposures and effects in later life, New methods and technologies.
Gluten enteropathy and skeletal disease
Authors: J. R. Ross
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This exhibit illustrates our experience with the problem of a primary absorption defect commonly recognized as gluten enteropathy, and it focuses attention principally on one of its least emphasized manifestations which relates directly to skeletal abnormalities. <h3>Scope</h3> Gluten enteropathy, an entity variously termed nontropical sprue, celiac disease of adults and children, and idiopathic steatorrhea, is primary malabsorption usually associated with inflammation and villous atrophy of the small-bowel mucosa. Although gluten enteropathy is frequently observed in childhood, the symptoms of the disease may appear for the first time in adult life. The mucosal changes appear to result from local toxicity caused by gliadin, the water-soluble fraction obtained from the alcohol extraction of gluten, a protein found primarily in wheat, barley, oats, and rye. The mechanism of this mucosal toxicity has not been established, but current knowledge suggests that an inborn error of metabolism exists which is manifested as a deficiency of
Influence of Age and Sex on Hepatic Lesions Induced by Chemical Carcinogens: Ingestion of 3′-Methyl-4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene by Buffalo Strain Rats
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Groups of 13–16 inbred Buffalo male and female rats 5, 8, 12, 24, and 52 weeks of age ingested 0.06% 3′-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene in the diet. The carcinogen-containing diet was ingested for 4-week periods, followed by 1 week on the basal diet, until the carcinogen had been administered for 12 weeks. The incidence of carcinomas and cirrhosis of the liver was the same for 5- and 8-week-old males and females. Male rats 12, 24, or 52 weeks old were more susceptible than females of the same ages to the development of hepatic lesions. Differences in tumor incidence with respect to age were observed for the females 12 weeks of age and those 24 and 52 weeks old, and between males 24 and 52 weeks of age. Younger animals developed more cholangiocellular and hepatocellular carcinomas per liver as well as larger carcinomas. There were more metastases from the cholangiocellular carcinomas in the younger animals.
Studies in the History of Science
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal