tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Over time, the pages of<i>JAMA</i>have allotted substantial space to the matter of immunotherapy of neoplastic diseases, an "in thing," somewhat nebulous still, but promising and deserving further research. Before the advent of antibacterial agents, it used to be said that the mortality of bacterial endocarditis was 99%. Yet, who witnessed the one patient in 100 who recovered spontaneously from that disease? So, too, there was vague talk of an occasional case of cancer that underwent spontaneous remission. In retrospect, if such reports were true, how could they be explained except by an extraordinary immune body defense against diseases otherwise uniformly fatal? Bacterial endocarditis has faded from view as a subject of immune mechanisms because effective therapy has solved the problem except in a scattering of cases. Not so, the malignant neoplastic diseases, which now are on center stage. Earlier efforts to control the latter diseases centered on attempts
Drug problems.
Journal: BMJ (1970)

BRJOURNL 3 stigma they are trying to remove.The report unfortunately sidetracks the controversial issue of the driving licence.Again, the expert teams and the special centres are important conceptions, but where is the finance to establish, maintain, and staff these centres when the whole hospital service is cry- ing out for more money to keep in existence?Like its pre- decessors this committee has posed more questions than it answers.Even so, if most of its recommendations were to be met about 33,000 people developing epilepsy each year would have a better chance of accurate diagnosis, effective therapy, and of finding an acceptable place in the community.
Emerging medical services legislation
Authors: W. E. Burnette
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The management of medical emergencies, whether from traffic accidents or sudden illnesses, has been a concern of the medical community for many years. Physicians, hospitals, nurses, and allied health personnel have been quietly but steadfastly working to improve emergency medical service care and have made great strides. This is not to say that the task is completed, but neither is it in a holding pattern. The American Medical Association has been working with other groups to improve the design of ambulances, the training of ambulance personnel, the categorization of hospital emergency capabilities, the development of disaster plans, the promotion of community councils for emergency medical services, and the promotion of scientific programs to increase the emergency skills of the physician. We are indebted to all medical and lay groups that have helped. The entire medical community looks on this task as a Constant and ongoing endeavor. Advances in medicine and
Abstract PR002: STAT3 in cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in PDAC
Authors: Julia E. Lefler, Katie MarElia, Michael C. Ostrowski
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract One of the defining characteristics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the formation of a dense stroma comprised of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and immune cell populations. This stroma is immunosuppressive and can act as a physical barrier against common therapeutic treatments. Attempts to therapeutically target the PDAC stroma have yielded contradictory results, suggesting both tumor promoting and tumor limiting roles for CAFs. These studies emphasize the need to understand important transsignaling pathways between CAFs, tumor cells, and the immune microenvironment. IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in several physiological functions and its increased expression is strongly associated with poor survival rates in PDAC patients. STAT3 is a major downstream target of IL-6, and its aberrant activation has been implicated in PDAC tumor progression and immune evasion. IL-6 expression and the IL-6/STAT3 signaling axis in PDAC has been characterized in epithelial tumor cells, however its stromal-specific function on PDAC has yet to be elucidated. We hypothesized that the STAT3 signaling axis in pancreatic CAFs contributes to the immunosuppressive and fibrotic phenotype seen with disease progression. Employing CreLoxP technology, the fibroblast specific protein-1 (Fsp-Cre) transgene was used to conditionally delete STAT3 in fibroblasts in the PdxFlp; KrasG12D; p53frt/frt (KPF) PDAC mouse model developed by our lab. Deletion of STAT3 in fibroblasts significantly increased the survival in a cohort of KPF mice compared to those with intact STAT3. Loss of fibroblast STAT3 also resulted in a significant decrease in ECM deposition in the pancreas. In preliminary investigations into the immune microenvironment, we found an increase in overall T cell infiltration and decrease in regulatory T cell populations in the STAT3 deleted cohort. Further, STAT3 deletion resulted in an increase in the ratio of M1 to M2 macrophages within the PDAC stroma, suggesting CAF STAT3 signaling is important to maintaining an immune microenvironment conducive to tumor progression. Ultimately, these preliminary results suggest STAT3 signaling in PDAC CAFs contributes to an overall survival disadvantage, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and an increase in ECM deposition. Citation Format: Julia E. Lefler, Katie MarElia, Michael C. Ostrowski. STAT3 in cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in PDAC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on the Evolving Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities; in association with the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Working Group; 2021 Jan 11-12. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(5 Suppl):Abstract nr PR002.
Prospective randomized trial of chemoembolization versus intra-arterial injection of 131I-labeled-iodized oil in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: J Raoul
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Intra-arterial injection of radioactive Lipiodol has shown promising results in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and portal obstruction. The aim of this prospective, randomized trial was to compare the efficacy and tolerance of 131I-labeled Lipiodol and chemoembolization for the treatment of patients with HCC. From September 1990 to September 1993, 142 patients (135 men, 7 women; age: 65 +/- 6.6 years) were randomly assigned to treatment groups and given either intra-arterial injections of 131I-labeled Lipiodol (60 mCi; 2.2 GBq) (n = 73) or chemoembolization (70 mg cisplatin) (n = 69). Subsequent injections were given at 2, 5, 8, 12, and 18 months. Tumor response was assessed on the basis of tumor size and serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. Patient tolerance was assessed clinically and angiographically. Survival rate was the main end-point. A total of 129 patients (65 in the 131I-labeled Lipiodol group and 64 in the chemoembolization group) were available for analysis; 13 were excluded, mainly because of portal vein thrombosis. The two groups were comparable. Actuarial survival curves were not significantly different between the two groups. Overall survival rates at 6 months, 1, 2, 3, and 4 years were 69%, 38%, 22%, 14%, and 10%, and 66%, 42%, 22%, 3%, and 0% in the 131I-labeled Lipiodol and chemoembolization groups, respectively. Reduction in tumor size was similar for the two groups, with complete response in 1 and 0 patients and partial response in 15 and 16 patients in the 131I-labeled Lipiodol and chemoembolization groups, respectively. Tolerance was significantly better in the 131I- labeled Lipiodol group both clinically (3 severe side effects vs. 29 in the chemoembolization group; P < .001) and angiographically (1 arterial thrombosis vs. 10 in the chemoembolization group; P < .01). In terms of patient survival and tumor response, radioactive 131I-labeled Lipiodol and chemoembolization were equally effective in the treatment of HCC, but tolerance to 131I-labeled Lipiodol was significantly better. (Hepatology 1997 Nov;26(5):1156-61)
SUICIDES AND THE WEATHER
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A simplified method for monitoring respiratory impedance during continuous positive airway pressure
Authors: D. Navajas, C. Duvivier, R Farré, R Peslin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

The forced oscillation technique is useful in detecting changes in upper airway obstruction in patients with sleep apnoea undergoing continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation. The aim of this study was to implement and evaluate a method for estimating respiratory impedance (Zrs) from the pressure and flow recorded at the inlet of the CPAP tubing. The method is based on correcting impedance measured at the inlet of the CPAP tubing (Zi) for the effect of the tubing and the exhalation port. The method was evaluated in mechanical analogues and in a healthy subject. Sinusoidal oscillation of 5, 10 and 20 Hz were superimposed on CPAP (5-15 cmH2O). At 5 Hz, the changes in airflow obstruction were substantially underestimated by Zi. Furthermore, Zi exhibited a negative dependence on Zrs at 20 Hz. The assessment of Zrs was greatly improved after correcting Zi for the effects of the CPAP tubing and the exhalation port. Zrs was well estimated at low frequencies, reaching very high values during total occlusion (&gt;60 cmH2O x s x L(-1) at 5-10 Hz). These results indicate that changes in airflow obstruction can be detected using the forced oscillation technique from pressure and flow recorded on the continuous positive airway pressure device. This facilitates the clinical application of the forced oscillation technique for monitoring upper airway patency during sleep.
McCune-Albright syndrome. Long-term follow-up
Authors: P. A. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This article describes clinical follow-up of 15 patients—13 females and two males—with McCune-Albright syndrome. Osseous fractures occurred only during childhood, while hearing impairment due to temporal bone involvement occurred in four of six adults. Four females with precocious puberty had final heights that were not different from the mean for normal females; they eventually developed regular menses, and two had children. Persistent hyperthyroidism requiring ablative therapy occurred in three subjects, while hypophosphatemia occurred in three subjects. The protean manifestations of this disorder suggest that it results from a basic defect of cellular regulation. We postulate that its varied endocrine abnormalities result from altered regulation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate effects. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:2980-2984)
Error in Figure in Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography
Authors: Christine Sinsky, David Dugdale
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

changes at a faster rate than the knowledge base required to perform a screening colonoscopy.Finally, Rustgi and colleagues suggest that performing a screening colonoscopy is a more intense work effort than the management of complex chronic illnesses.To our knowledge, there is no scientifically accepted methodology for comparing intensity across physician services.However, burnout rates, which could be a marker of intensity, are among the highest in primary care specialties. 3 In addition, medical student and resident preference for the fields such as gastroenterology over generalist fields, citing greater workload and stress in primary care, 4 would argue against greater intensity of work in performing a screening colonoscopy than in providing complex chronic illness care
Pump and Circumstance
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dupuytren's
Authors: Veneta Masson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2017)

Ad Libitum20 June 2017Dupuytren'sVeneta Masson, RN, MAVeneta Masson, RN, MAFrom Washington, DC.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M17-0372 Audio Reading - “Dupuytren's” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Dupuytren's," by V. Masson. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail It's this thing with my writing hand,my other voice—what I thought was a callus fromgripping my penturns out to be Dupuytren's.Over time it spreadsleaving me with a corded palmgimpy thumbbent pinkyheart lineand life lineimpossible to read.I manage to writein spite of the cramps,to relay my thoughtsdespite a damagedtransmitter.Now my other handopen, guilelessfor so many yearsslowly beginsto contract.Soon it, too,will tell its knotty tale. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Washington, DC.Current Author Address: Veneta Masson, RN, MA; e-mail, veneta.[email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Dupuytren's” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Dupuytren's," by V. Masson. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 June 2017Volume 166, Issue 12Page: 900KeywordsHand strengthHeart ePublished: 20 June 2017 Issue Published: 20 June 2017 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2017 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The introduction of low-osmolar contrast agents in radiology. Medical, economic, legal, and public policy issues
Authors: P. D. Jacobson
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This case study of the public policy implications of introducing a new technology in radiology, namely, low-osmolar contrast media (LOCM), raises the issues of whether and how to place appropriate limits on new technologies. Although these contrast media represent small episodic costs, they may add up to an aggregate expenditure of nearly $1 billion per year if used for all contrast injections. As a result, this technology raises a number of important medical, economic, legal, and public policy questions. Our cost-effectiveness analysis and an analysis of the medical evidence suggest that LOCM should be limited to high-risk patients. We discuss in this article how the legal system might respond to such limitations, and we consider various public policy options for adopting restrictions on use. We conclude that the medical profession should take the lead in developing protocols for appropriate assessment, reimbursement, and use of LOCM. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:1586-1592)
'Desperate use' gene therapy guidelines ready
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE RECOMBINANT DNA Advisory Committee, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md, has sent to the director an outline of the circumstances under which experimental human gene therapies may be approved in certain emergency situations. Director Bernadine Healy, MD, had asked the committee to develop a procedure for expeditiously approving gene therapy in dying patients. The principal points made in the proposal are the following: At all times, committee review of emergency protocols is preferred over internal review by NIH, but circumstances may arise in which this may not be feasible. A specific protocol for a terminally ill patient can be approved after internal review if undue delay is likely to result from sending the protocol to the committee. For example, if the next scheduled meeting of the committee were several weeks or months ahead, the patient would in effect be denied any benefit from the procedure since death would
The Relations of Psychology to Medicine and the Recognition and Treatment of Commoner Affective Disorders.
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cancer
Authors: Grantley W. Taylor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

AS a result of public interest, large sums of money have become available in the field of cancer, from state and federal sources and from charitable foundations, and it seems probable that the interest and funds will continue for a long time. The money has been used for stimulation of research, for cancer education among the laity and the medical profession and for direct service to the patient in the form of improved diagnostic and therapeutic facilities.ResearchThe literature of laboratory cancer research has become so voluminous that it is virtually impossible for anyone to undertake to digest it . . .
Glutathione Reverses Endothelial Damage From Peroxynitrite, the Byproduct of Nitric Oxide Degradation, in Crystalloid Cardioplegia
Authors: Masanori Nakamura, Vinod H. Thourani, Russell S. Ronson, Daniel A. Velez, Xin-Liang Ma, Sara Katzmark, Jill Robinson, L. Susan Schmarkey, Zhi-Qing Zhao, Ning-Ping Wang, Robert A. Guyton, Jakob Vinten-Johansen
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —NO has been advocated as an adjunct to cardioplegia solutions. However, NO undergoes a rapid biradical reaction with superoxide anions to produce peroxynitrite (ONOO − ). ONOO − in crystalloid cardioplegia solution induces injury to coronary endothelium and to systolic function after cardioplegia and reperfusion. However, ONOO − may be degraded to less lethal or cardioprotective intermediates with glutathione (GSH) in reactions separate from its well known antioxidant effects. We hypothesized that GSH detoxifies ONOO − and reverses defects in endothelial function and systolic function when present in crystalloid cardioplegia. Methods and Results —In anesthetized dogs on cardiopulmonary bypass, a 45-minute period of global normothermic ischemia was followed by 60 minutes of intermittent cold crystalloid cardioplegia (Plegisol) and 2 hours of reperfusion. The cardioplegia solution contained 5 μmol/L authentic ONOO − ; catalase was included to attenuate the potential antioxidant effects of GSH and to unmask the effects on ONOO − . In 1 group (CP+GSH, n=5), the cardioplegia contained 500 μmol/L GSH, whereas 1 group received crystalloid cardioplegia without GSH (CCP, n=6). There were no group differences in postcardioplegia left ventricular systolic function (end-systolic pressure-volume relation, impedance catheter: CCP 10.0±2.4 versus CP+GSH 10.6±1.3 mm Hg/mL) or diastolic chamber stiffness (β-coefficient: CCP 0.35±0.2 versus CP+GSH 0.31±0.18). Myocardial neutrophil accumulation (myeloperoxidase activity) was attenuated in CP+GSH versus CCP (2.2±0.7 versus 5.4±1.2, P &lt;0.05). In postexperimental coronary arteries, maximal endothelium-dependent relaxation was greater in CP+GSH than in CCP (118±6% versus 92±5%, P &lt;0.05), with a smaller EC 50 value (−7.10±0.05 versus −6.98±0.03, respectively, P &lt;0.05). Smooth muscle relaxation was complete in both groups. The adherence of neutrophils to postexperimental coronary arteries as a measure of endothelial function was less in CP+GSH than in CCP (98±18 versus 234±36 neutrophils/mm 2 , P &lt;0.05). Nitrosoglutathione, a byproduct of the reaction between ONOO − and GSH, was greater in CP+GSH than in CCP (4.1±2.3 versus 0.4±0.2 μg/mL, P &lt;0.05). Conclusions —GSH in crystalloid cardioplegia detoxifies ONOO − and forms cardioprotective nitrosoglutathione, resulting in attenuated neutrophil adherence and selective endothelial protection through the inhibition of neutrophil-mediated damage.