tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
State Public Assistance Spending and Survival Among Adults With Cancer
Authors: Justin M. Barnes, Kenton J. Johnston, Kimberly J. Johnson, Fumiko Chino, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Social determinants of health contribute to disparities in cancer outcomes. State public assistance spending, including Medicaid and cash assistance programs for socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals, may improve access to care; address barriers, such as food and housing insecurity; and lead to improved cancer outcomes for marginalized populations. Objective To determine whether state-level public assistance spending is associated with overall survival (OS) among individuals with cancer, overall and by race and ethnicity. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included US adults aged at least 18 years with a new cancer diagnosis from 2007 to 2013, with follow-up through 2019. Data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Data were analyzed from November 18, 2021, to July 6, 2023. Exposure Differential state-level public assistance spending. Main Outcome and Measure The main outcome was 6-year OS. Analyses were adjusted for age, race, ethnicity, sex, metropolitan residence, county-level income, state fixed effects, state-level percentages of residents living in poverty and aged 65 years or older, cancer type, and cancer stage. Results A total 2 035 977 individuals with cancer were identified and included in analysis, with 1 005 702 individuals (49.4%) aged 65 years or older and 1 026 309 (50.4%) male. By tertile of public assistance spending, 6-year OS was 55.9% for the lowest tertile, 55.9% for the middle tertile, and 56.6% for the highest tertile. In adjusted analyses, public assistance spending at the state-level was significantly associated with higher 6-year OS (0.09% [95% CI, 0.04%-0.13%] per $100 per capita; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), particularly for non-Hispanic Black individuals (0.29% [95% CI, 0.07%-0.52%] per $100 per capita; P = .01) and non-Hispanic White individuals (0.12% [95% CI, 0.08%-0.16%] per $100 per capita; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). In sensitivity analyses examining the roles of Medicaid spending and Medicaid expansion including additional years of data, non-Medicaid spending was associated with higher 3-year OS among non-Hispanic Black individuals (0.49% [95% CI, 0.26%-0.72%] per $100 per capita when accounting for Medicaid spending; 0.17% [95% CI, 0.02%-0.31%] per $100 per capita Medicaid expansion effects). Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study found that state public assistance expenditures, including cash assistance programs and Medicaid, were associated with improved survival for individuals with cancer. State investment in public assistance programs may represent an important avenue to improve cancer outcomes through addressing social determinants of health and should be a topic of further investigation.
Epigenetics of Early-Life Socioeconomic Stressors and the Impact on Childhood Body Mass Index—Potential Mechanism and Biomarker?
Authors: Unjali P. Gujral, Shari Barkin, K. M. Venkat Narayan
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Epidemiologic, Public Health, and Clinical Implications of Death Among Preterm Infants in the US
Authors: Heather H. Burris
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Pharmacy e-Prescription Dispensing Before and After CancelRx Implementation
Authors: Samantha I. Pitts, Sarah Olson, Lisa R. Yanek, Nae-Yuh Wang, Taylor Woodroof, Allen R. Chen
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

An estimated 1.5% to nearly 5% of medications are dispensed after discontinuation in the electronic health record (EHR), with 34% meeting criteria for high risk of potential harm.
The YAP–TEAD complex promotes senescent cell survival by lowering endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Carlos Anerillas, Krystyna Mazan-Mamczarz, Allison B. Herman, Rachel Munk, Kwan-Wood Gabriel Lam, Miguel Calvo-Rubio, Amanda Garrido, Dimitrios Tsitsipatis, Jennifer L. Martindale, Gisela Altés, Martina Rossi, Yulan Piao, Jinshui Fan, Chang-Yi Cui, Supriyo De, Kotb Abdelmohsen, Rafael de Cabo, Myriam Gorospe
Journal: Nature Aging (2023)
A Cell Surface-Binding Antibody Atlas Nominates a MUC18-Directed Antibody–Drug Conjugate for Targeting Melanoma
Authors: Jing Shi, Tao Jiao, Qian Guo, Weining Weng, Linjie Ma, Qing Zhang, Lijun Wang, Jianjian Zhang, Caiwei Chen, Yaling Huang, Mingqiao Wang, Rong Pan, Yanfang Tang, Wenhao Hu, Tao Meng, Shu-Hui Liu, Jun Guo, Yan Kong, Xun Meng
Journal: Cancer Research (2023)

Recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy have substantially improved the treatment of melanoma. However, therapeutic strategies are still needed for unresponsive or treatment-relapsed patients with melanoma. To discover antibody-drug conjugate (ADC)-tractable cell surface targets for melanoma, we developed an atlas of melanoma cell surface-binding antibodies (pAb) using a proteome-scale antibody array platform. Target identification of pAbs led to development of melanoma cell killing ADCs against LGR6, TRPM1, ASAP1, and MUC18, among others. MUC18 was overexpressed in both tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating blood vessels across major melanoma subtypes, making it a potential dual-compartment and universal melanoma therapeutic target. AMT-253, an MUC18-directed ADC based on topoisomerase I inhibitor exatecan and a self-immolative T moiety, had a higher therapeutic index compared with its microtubule inhibitor-based counterpart and favorable pharmacokinetics and tolerability in monkeys. AMT-253 exhibited MUC18-specific cytotoxicity through DNA damage and apoptosis and a strong bystander killing effect, leading to potent antitumor activities against melanoma cell line and patient-derived xenograft models. Tumor vasculature targeting by a mouse MUC18-specific antibody-T1000-exatecan conjugate inhibited tumor growth in human melanoma xenografts. Combination therapy of AMT-253 with an antiangiogenic agent generated higher efficacy than single agent in a mucosal melanoma model. Beyond melanoma, AMT-253 was also efficacious in a wide range of MUC18-expressing solid tumors. Efficient target/antibody discovery in combination with the T moiety-exatecan linker-payload exemplified here may facilitate discovery of new ADC to improve cancer treatment.Discovery of melanoma-targeting antibodies using a proteome-scale array and use of a cutting-edge linker-payload system led to development of a MUC18-targeting antibody-exatecan conjugate with clinical potential for treating major melanoma subtypes.
<i>Is it new, is it true and do we care—</i>the role of prospective review registration
Authors: Madelon van Wely, Julie M Hastings, Basil Tarlatzis, Arne Sunde
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2023)

At Human Reproduction Update, we love reviews.They can be educational, provide an in-depth overview, or contribute to clinical decision-making.But at ESHRE 2023 in Copenhagen, several people complained about the abundance of reviews, particularly systematic reviews and meta-analyses.In some areas, it is indeed hilarious with more systematic reviews than clinical trials.So how can we separate the wheat from the chaff?The adage of the former Editor in Chief of Human Reproduction, Professor Hans Evers, for any incoming study was Is it new, is it true and do we care.We still feel the presence of Hans Evers' spirit in the ESHRE Journals' Editorial Office.Indeed, Human Reproduction Update checks both narrative and systematic reviews on Is it new, is it true and do we care such that we do not publish duplicates.Human Reproduction Update only publishes original reviews that are a good read, interesting, educational, and at times, even thought-provoking.Is it new concerns originality.If similar reviews exist then we should not publish it, unless sufficient new evidence is presented.At Human Reproduction Update, many review proposals are rejected because they focus on a study question on which a similar review was recently published.We want a review to be sufficiently original and new; this implies that just the inclusion of a few more studies
Performance and effectiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma screening in individuals with HBsAg seropositivity in China: a multicenter prospective study
Authors: Hongmei Zeng, Maomao Cao, Changfa Xia, Dongmei Wang, Kun Chen, Zheng Zhu, Ruiying Fu, Shaokai Zhang, Jinyi Zhou, Huadong Wang, Xianyun Qi, Shuguang Dai, Yong Chen, Zhong Sun, Hao Ding, Qingwen Li, Hui Zhao, Xuehong Zhang, Jakub Morze, John S. Ji, Feng Sun, Xueqin Yu, Chunfeng Qu, Wanqing Chen
Journal: Nature Cancer (2023)
Incorrect Affiliations and Degrees
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Reshma Jagsi, MD, DPhil; Kent Griffith, MS, MPH; Chris Krenz, BA; Rochelle D. Jones, MS; Christina Cutter, MD, MSc, MS; Eva L. Feldman, MD, PhD; Clare Jacobson, MD; Eve Kerr, MD, MPH; Kelly C. Paradis, PhD; Kanakadurga Singer, MD, MA; Nancy D. Spector, MD; Abigail J. Stewart, PhD; Dana Telem, MD; Peter A. Ubel, MD; Isis Settles, PhD
Blood Pressure Management After Successful Thrombectomy
Authors: Amrou Sarraj
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Could an Eye-Tracking Test Aid Clinicians in Making an Autism Diagnosis?
Authors: Geraldine Dawson
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gut microbiota from patients with COVID-19 cause alterations in mice that resemble post-COVID symptoms
Authors: Viviani Mendes de Almeida, Daiane F. Engel, Mayra F. Ricci, Clênio Silva Cruz, Ícaro Santos Lopes, Daniele Almeida Alves, Mirna d’ Auriol, João Magalhães, Elayne C. Machado, Victor M. Rocha, Toniana G. Carvalho, Larisse S. B. Lacerda, Jordane C. Pimenta, Mariana Aganetti, Giuliana S. Zuccoli, Bradley J. Smith, Victor C. Carregari, Erika da Silva Rosa, Izabela Galvão, Geovanni Dantas Cassali, Cristiana C. Garcia, Mauro Martins Teixeira, Leiliane C. André, Fabiola Mara Ribeiro, Flaviano S. Martins, Rafael Simone Saia, Vivian Vasconcelos Costa, Daniel Martins-de-Souza, Philip M. Hansbro, João Trindade Marques, Eric R. G. R. Aguiar, Angélica T. Vieira
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

Long-term sequelae of coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 are frequent and of major concern. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection affects the host gut microbiota, which is linked to disease severity in patients with COVID-19. Here, we report that the gut microbiota of post-COVID subjects had a remarkable predominance of Enterobacteriaceae strains with an antibiotic-resistant phenotype compared to healthy controls. Additionally, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were reduced in feces. Fecal transplantation from post-COVID subjects to germ-free mice led to lung inflammation and worse outcomes during pulmonary infection by multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. transplanted mice also exhibited poor cognitive performance. Overall, we show prolonged impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the gut microbiota that persist after subjects have cleared the virus. Together, these data demonstrate that the gut microbiota can directly contribute to post-COVID sequelae, suggesting that it may be a potential therapeutic target.
Emergency Department Pediatric Readiness and the Search for Solutions That Promote Child Health Equity
Authors: Colleen K. Gutman, Jeanine E. Hall, K. Casey Lion
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Peter C. Jenkins, MD, MSc; Amber Lin, MS; Stefanie G. Ames, MD, MS; Craig D. Newgard, MD, MPH; Benjamin Lang, MD, MPH; James E. Winslow, MD, MPH; Jennifer R. Marin, MD, MSc; Jennifer N. B. Cook, GCPH; Jeremy D. Goldhaber-Fiebert, PhD; Linda Papa, MD, MSc; Mark R. Zonfrillo, MD, MSCE; Matthew Hansen, MD, MCR; Stephen P. Wall, MD, MSHS, MAEd; Susan Malveau, MS; Nathan Kuppermann, MD, MPH; Pediatric Readiness Study Group; Nina Glass; Clay Mann; Avery Nathens; John McConnell; Marianne Gausche; Angela Child; Mengtao Dai; Apoorva Salvi; Brendan Carr; Kate Remick; Ryan Mutter; Hilary Hughes; Randall Burd; Rachel Ford
Cost-Related Barriers and Ensuring Equitable Access to Vaccines in the US
Authors: Utibe R. Essien, Stacie B. Dusetzina
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

This Viewpoint discusses policies toward increasing access to effective COVID-19 vaccines, advancing vaccine equity, strengthening reimbursement policies, and increasing federal incentives for insurers and health systems to improve COVID-19 vaccine uptake.
Early Pregnancy Loss—Reply
Authors: Sara N. Neill
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Early Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Alizée Froeliger, Catherine Deneux-Tharaux, Loïc Sentilhes
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Polyethylenimine (PEI) in gene therapy: Current status and clinical applications
Authors: Jens Casper, Susanne H. Schenk, Elahehnaz Parhizkar, Pascal Detampel, Ali Dehshahri, Jörg Huwyler
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2023)

Polyethlyenimine (PEI) was introduced 1995 as a cationic polymer for nucleic acid delivery. PEI and its derivatives are extensively used in basic research and as reference formulations in the field of polymer-based gene delivery. Despite its widespread use, the number of clinical applications to date is limited. Thus, this review aims to consolidate the past applications of PEI in DNA delivery, elucidate the obstacles that hinder its transition to clinical use, and highlight potential prospects for novel iterations of PEI derivatives. The present review article is divided into three sections. The first section examines the mechanism of action employed by PEI, examining fundamental aspects of cellular delivery including uptake mechanisms, release from endosomes, and transport into the cell nucleus, along with potential strategies for enhancing these delivery phases. Moreover, an in-depth analysis is conducted concerning the mechanism underlying cellular toxicity, accompanied with approaches to overcome this major challenge. The second part is devoted to the in vivo performance of PEI and its application in various therapeutic indications. While systemic administration has proven to be challenging, alternative localized delivery routes hold promise, such as treatment of solid tumors, application as a vaccine, or serving as a therapeutic agent for pulmonary delivery. In the last section, the outcome of completed and ongoing clinical trials is summarized. Finally, an expert opinion is provided on the potential of PEI and its future applications. PEI-based formulations for nucleic acid delivery have a promising potential, it will be an important task for the years to come to introduce innovations that address PEI-associated shortcomings by introducing well-designed PEI formulations in combination with an appropriate route of administration.
National Trends in Preterm Infant Mortality in the United States by Race and Socioeconomic Status, 1995-2020
Authors: Tim Venkatesan, Philippa Rees, Julian Gardiner, Cheryl Battersby, Mitana Purkayastha, Chris Gale, Alastair G. Sutcliffe
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Inequalities in preterm infant mortality exist between population subgroups within the United States.
Salivary Epigenetic Measures of Body Mass Index and Social Determinants of Health Across Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Laurel Raffington, Lisa Schneper, Travis Mallard, Jonah Fisher, Liza Vinnik, Kelseanna Hollis-Hansen, Daniel A. Notterman, Elliot M. Tucker-Drob, Colter Mitchell, K. Paige Harden
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Children who are socioeconomically disadvantaged are at increased risk for high body mass index (BMI) and multiple diseases in adulthood. The developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis proposes that early life conditions affect later-life health in a manner that is only partially modifiable by later-life experiences.
US Hepatitis C Elimination Plan—Reply
Authors: Rachael L. Fleurence, Francis S. Collins
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal