tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lack of concordance between reporting guidelines and risk of bias assessments of preclinical studies: a call for integrated recommendations
Authors: Koohyar Ahmadzadeh, Shayan Roshdi Dizaji, Mahmoud Yousefifard
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Physiology Research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Our manuscript is a correspondence, and no original research has been performed and thus this submission has no related data to present. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, P.O Box: 14665-354, Tehran, Iran; Phone/Fax: +982186704771. E-mail address: [email protected], [email protected] (M. Yousefifard). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives License 4.0, which allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to the author. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
A commentary on ‘Why public health cannot be led by doctors only’
Authors: Si-Un Frank Chiu, Kuo-Chuan Hung, Chong-Chi Chiu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

aDepartment of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, US bDepartment of Economics, Brown University, Providence, US cDepartment of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan dDepartment of Hospital and Health Care Administration, College of Recreation and Health Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan eDepartment of General Surgery, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan fSchool of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan gDepartment of Medical Education and Research, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. TAIWAN. E-mail address: [email protected] (C.C. Chiu) This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Long-Term Impact of Trauma in Twins
Authors: Timothy A. Pritts
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Sex Differences in Post–Heart Attack Rehospitalizations
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Women were 1.65 times more likely than men to be rehospitalized in the 12 months after a heart attack, according to an analysis of 2979 participants aged 18 to 55 years from 103 US hospitals. The rate of hospitalization for any cause was 34.8% in women compared with 23% in men.
Race-based Reference Equation for Lung Function Testing in African Americans
Authors: Marilyn G. Foreman, Muhammed Y. Idris, Priscilla Pemu, Stephanie Miles-Richardson, Eric L. Flenaugh, Rick Kittles
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

"Race-Based Reference Equation for Lung Function Testing in African Americans." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
Errors in Table 1
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Zaeema Naveed, MBBS, PhD; Héctor A. Velásquez García, MD, PhD; Stanley Wong, MS; James Wilton, MPH; Geoffrey McKee, MD; Bushra Mahmood, PhD; Mawuena Binka, PhD; Drona Rasali, PhD; Naveed Z. Janjua, MBBS, DrPH
Association of Trauma With Long-Term Risk of Death and Immune-Mediated or Cancer Disease in Same-Sex Twins
Authors: Trine O. Eskesen, Martin Sillesen, Jacob Krabbe Pedersen, Dorthe Almind Pedersen, Kaare Christensen, Lars S. Rasmussen, Jacob Steinmetz
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Immediate consequences of trauma include a rapid and immense activation of the immune system, whereas long-term outcomes include premature death, physical disability, and reduced workability.
Assessment of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Survival and Cardiovascular Outcomes of Patients With Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer in Taiwan
Authors: Wei-Ting Chang, Hui-Wen Lin, Ting-Chia Chang, Sheng-Hsiang Lin, Yi-Heng Li
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been recognized as the standard treatment for patients with non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) sequence variation. Although TKIs have been reported to cause cardiotoxicity, they are widely administered owing to the high prevalence of EGFR sequence variation in Taiwan. Objective To compare the outcomes of death and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events among patients with NSCLC who use and do not use TKIs in a national cohort. Design, Setting, and Participants Using data from the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database and National Cancer Registry, patients treated for NSCLC from 2011 to 2018 were identified, and their outcomes were analyzed, including death and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs; such as heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke) after adjusting for age, sex, cancer stage, comorbidities, anticancer therapies, and cardiovascular drugs. The median follow-up duration was 1.45 years. The analyses were performed from September 2022 to March 2023. Exposures TKIs. Main Outcomes and Measures Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate death and MACCEs in patients treated with and without TKIs. Given that death may reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events, the competing risk method was used to calculate the MACCE risk after adjustment for all potential confounders. Results Overall, 24 129 patients treated with TKIs were matched with 24 129 patients who did not receive TKIs (24 215 [50.18%] were female; and the mean [SD] age was 66.93 [12.37] years). Compared with those not receiving TKIs, the TKI group presented with a significantly lower hazard ratio (HR) of all-cause death (adjusted HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.75-0.78; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), and the reason for death was primarily cancer. In contrast, the HR of MACCEs significantly increased (subdistribution HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.16-1.29; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) in the TKI group. Furthermore, afatinib use was associated with a significantly reduced risk of death among patients receiving various TKIs (adjusted HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85-0.94; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) compared with those receiving erlotinib and gefitinib, although the outcomes of MACCEs were similar between the 2 groups. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of patients with NSCLC, TKI use was associated with reduced HRs of cancer-related death but increased HRs of MACCEs. These findings suggest the importance of close monitoring of cardiovascular problems in individuals receiving TKIs.
Refining Incidence and Characteristics of Inflammatory Myopathies: A <scp>Quadruple‐Source Capture–Recapture</scp> Survey Using the 2017 <scp>European League Against Rheumatism</scp>/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria
Authors: Léa Debrut, Margherita Giannini, Delphine Klein, Lionel Spielmann, Philippe Mertz, Thierry Martin, Aleksandra Nadaj‐Pakleza, Sandrine Hirschi, Benoit Nespola, Béatrice Lannes, Joëlle Terzic, Olivier Hinschberger, Benjamin Dervieux, Dan Lipsker, Laurent Arnaud, Jacques‐Eric Gottenberg, Jean François Kleinmann, Bernard Geny, François Séverac, Michel Velten, Jean Sibilia, Alain Meyer
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2023)

Objective Inflammatory myopathies (IM), characterized by muscle inflammation and weakness, are rare systemic diseases. Our previous study estimated an IM incidence rate of 7.98 cases per million people per year (95% confidence interval 7.38–8.66) and highlighted important variations that were likely because of methodologic issues rather than true epidemiologic differences. In this study, we aimed to refine the incidence of IM, using the 2017 European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for IM and a quadruple‐source capture–recapture method during a 6‐year period in Alsace, France, a region with a population of 2 million having benefits of good access to health care and accredited IM referral centers. Methods Clinical data of potential IM patients were obtained from 4 sources (general practitioners and community specialists, public and private hospital records, public and private laboratories, and archives from the pathology department). Patients residing in Alsace and who fulfilled the 2017 EULAR/ACR criteria for IM between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2013, were included. We corrected potentially incomplete ascertainment of cases with capture–recapture analyses. We studied both spatial and temporal distributions of incidence of IM. We also assessed systemic manifestations of the disease. Results Our review of 1,742 potential cases identified 106 patients with IM. No spatial or temporal heterogeneity was observed. Use of log‐linear models showed an estimated 14.9 additional missed cases. Thus, the incidence rate of IM was 8.22 new cases per million inhabitants per year (95% confidence interval 6.76–9.69). Extramuscular manifestations other than dermatomyositis rash were frequently recorded. Conclusion The stringent methodology used in our study provides an accurate estimation of the incidence of IM. This study also demonstrates, in a population‐based cohort, the systemic nature of IM. image
Evaluating the effect of weekly patient-reported symptom monitoring on trial outcomes: results of the Eczema Monitoring Online randomized controlled trial
Authors: Arabella Baker, Eleanor J Mitchell, Christopher Partlett, Kim S Thomas
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are commonly used in eczema clinical trials. Several trials have used PROMs weekly for symptom monitoring. However, the increased frequency of patient-reported symptom monitoring may prompt participants to enhance the self-management of eczema and increase standard topical treatment use that can lead to improvements in outcomes over time. This is concerning as weekly symptom monitoring may constitute an unplanned intervention, which may mask small treatment effects and make it difficult to identify changes in the eczema resulting from the treatment under investigation.To evaluate the effect of weekly patient-reported symptom monitoring on participants' outcomes and to inform the design of future eczema trials.This was an online parallel-group nonblinded randomized controlled trial. Parents/carers of children with eczema and young people and adults with eczema were recruited online, excluding people scoring < 3 points on the Patient Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), to avoid floor effects. Electronic PROMs were used for data collection. Participants were allocated using online randomization (1 : 1) to weekly POEM for 7 weeks (intervention) or no POEM during this period (control). The primary outcome was change in eczema severity based on POEM scores, assessed at baseline and week 8. Secondary outcomes included change in standard topical treatment use and data completeness at follow-up. Analyses were conducted according to randomized groups in those with complete data at week 8.A total of 296 participants were randomized from 14 September 2021 to 16 January 2022 (71% female, 77% white, mean age 26.7 years). The follow-up completion rate was 81.7% [n = 242; intervention group, n = 118/147 (80.3%); control group n = 124/149 (83.2%)]. After adjusting for baseline disease severity and age, eczema severity improved in the intervention group (mean difference in POEM score -1.64, 95% confidence interval -2.91 to -0.38; P = 0.01). No between-group differences were noted in the use of standard topical treatments and data completeness at follow-up.Weekly patient-reported symptom monitoring led to a small perceived improvement in eczema severity.
Nasal administration of recombinant<i>Neospora caninum</i>secreting IL-15/IL-15Rα inhibits metastatic melanoma development in lung
Authors: Arthur Battistoni, Louis Lantier, Anne di Tommaso, Céline Ducournau, Laurie Lajoie, Mahtab Samimi, Loïs Coënon, Clément Rivière, Mathieu Epardaud, Leslie Hertereau, Agathe Poupée-Beaugé, Juliette Rieu, Marie-Noëlle Mévélec, Gordon Scott Lee, Nathalie Moiré, Stephanie Germon, Isabelle Dimier-Poisson
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2023)

Background Metastases are the leading cause of mortality in many cancer types and lungs are one of the most common sites of metastasis alongside the liver, brain, and bones. In melanoma, 85% of late-stage patients harbor lung metastases. A local administration could enhance the targeting of metastases while limiting the systemic cytotoxicity. Therefore, intranasal administration of immunotherapeutic agents seems to be a promising approach to preferentially target lung metastases and decrease their burden on cancer mortality. From observations that certain microorganisms induce an acute infection of the tumor microenvironment leading to a local reactivating immune response, microbial-mediated immunotherapy is a next-generation field of investigation in which immunotherapies are engineered to overcome immune surveillance and escape from microenvironmental cancer defenses. Methods The goal of our study is to evaluate the potential of the intranasal administration of Neospora caninum in a syngeneic C57BL6 mouse model of B16F10 melanoma lung metastases. It also compares the antitumoral properties of a wild-type N. caninum versus N. caninum secreting human interleukin (IL)-15 fused to the sushi domain of the IL-15 receptor α chain, a potent activator of cellular immune responses. Results The treatment of murine lung metastases by intranasal administration of an N. caninum engineered to secrete human IL-15 impairs lung metastases from further progression with only 0,08% of lung surface harboring metastases versus 4,4% in wild-type N. caninum treated mice and 36% in untreated mice. The control of tumor development is associated with a strong increase in numbers, within the lung, of natural killer cells, CD8 + T cells and macrophages, up to twofold, fivefold and sixfold, respectively. Analysis of expression levels of CD86 and CD206 on macrophages surface revealed a polarization of these macrophages towards an antitumoral M1 phenotype. Conclusion Administration of IL-15/IL-15Rα-secreting N. caninum through intranasal administration, a non-invasive route, lend further support to N. caninum -demonstrated clear potential as an effective and safe immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of metastatic solid cancers, whose existing therapeutic options are scarce. Combination of this armed protozoa with an intranasal route could reinforce the existing therapeutic arsenal against cancer and narrow the spectrum of incurable cancers.
KIDS SAVE LIVES: Basic Life Support Education for Schoolchildren: A Narrative Review and Scientific Statement From the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation
Authors: Daniel C. Schroeder, Federico Semeraro, Robert Greif, Janet Bray, Peter Morley, Michael Parr, Naomi Kondo Nakagawa, Taku Iwami, Simon-Richard Finke, Carolina Malta Hansen, Andrew Lockey, Marina Del Rios, Farhan Bhanji, Comilla Sasson, Stephen M. Schexnayder, Tommaso Scquizzato, Wolfgang A. Wetsch, Bernd W. Böttiger
Journal: Circulation (2023)

Basic life support education for schoolchildren has become a key initiative to increase bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rates. Our objective was to review the existing literature on teaching schoolchildren basic life support to identify the best practices to provide basic life support training in schoolchildren.After topics and subgroups were defined, a comprehensive literature search was conducted. Systematic reviews and controlled and uncontrolled prospective and retrospective studies containing data on students <20 years of age were included.Schoolchildren are highly motivated to learn basic life support. The CHECK-CALL-COMPRESS algorithm is recommended for all schoolchildren. Regular training in basic life support regardless of age consolidates long-term skills. Young children from 4 years of age are able to assess the first links in the chain of survival. By 10 to 12 years of age, effective chest compression depths and ventilation volumes can be achieved on training manikins. A combination of theoretical and practical training is recommended. Schoolteachers serve as effective basic life support instructors. Schoolchildren also serve as multipliers by passing on basic life support skills to others. The use of age-appropriate social media tools for teaching is a promising approach for schoolchildren of all ages.Schoolchildren basic life support training has the potential to educate whole generations to respond to cardiac arrest and to increase survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Comprehensive legislation, curricula, and scientific assessment are crucial to further develop the education of schoolchildren in basic life support.
Rates of National Institutes of Health Funding for Surgeon-Scientists, 1995-2020
Authors: Mytien Nguyen, Luis Gonzalez, Ashley Newman, Ashley Cannon, Shenika A. Zarebski, Sarwat I. Chaudhry, Bohdan Pomahac, Dowin Boatright, Alan Dardik
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Importance Surgeon-scientists are uniquely positioned to facilitate translation between the laboratory and clinical settings to drive innovation in patient care. However, surgeon-scientists face many challenges in pursuing research, such as increasing clinical demands that affect their competitiveness to apply for National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding compared with other scientists. Objective To examine how NIH funding has been awarded to surgeon-scientists over time. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used publicly available data from the NIH RePORTER (Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results) database for research project grants awarded to departments of surgery between 1995 and 2020. Surgeon-scientists were defined as NIH-funded faculty holding an MD or MD-PhD degree with board certification in surgery; PhD scientists were NIH-funded faculty holding a PhD degree. Statistical analysis was performed from April 1 to August 31, 2022. Main Outcome National Institutes of Health funding to surgeon-scientists compared with PhD scientists, as well as NIH funding to surgeon-scientists across surgical subspecialties. Results Between 1995 and 2020, the number of NIH-funded investigators in surgical departments increased 1.9-fold from 968 to 1874 investigators, corresponding to a 4.0-fold increase in total funding (1995, $214 million; 2020, $861 million). Although the total amount of NIH funding to both surgeon-scientists and PhD scientists increased, the funding gap between surgeon-scientists and PhD scientists increased 2.8-fold from a $73 million difference in 1995 to a $208 million difference in 2020, favoring PhD scientists. National Institutes of Health funding to female surgeon-scientists increased significantly at a rate of 0.53% (95% CI, 0.48%-0.57%) per year from 4.8% of grants awarded to female surgeon-scientists in 1995 to 18.8% in 2020 ( P &amp;amp;lt; .001). However, substantial disparity remained, with female surgeon-scientists receiving less than 20% of NIH grants and funding dollars in 2020. In addition, although there was increased NIH funding to neurosurgeons and otolaryngologists, funding to urologists decreased significantly from 14.9% of all grants in 1995 to 7.5% in 2020 (annual percent change, −0.39% [95% CI, −0.47% to −0.30%]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Despite surgical diseases making up 30% of the global disease burden, representation of surgeon-scientists among NIH investigators remains less than 2%. Conclusion and Relevance This study suggests that research performed by surgeon-scientists continues to be underrepresented in the NIH funding portfolio, highlighting a fundamental need to support and fund more surgeon-scientists.