tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lyme Disease—United States, 1995
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Children
Authors: Huey-Ling Chen
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To study the seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children 10 years after a mass hepatitis B vaccination program was begun in Taiwan. <h3>Design.</h3> —Cross-sectional seroprevalence survey. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Cheng-Chung/Chung-Cheng District, Taipei, Taiwan, 1994. <h3>Subjects and Methods.</h3> —Serum samples from 1515 healthy children younger than 12 years were tested for HBV markers. The results were compared with a baseline seroepidemiologic study conducted just before the vaccination program was launched in 1984 and with a subsequent study in 1989 in the same area. <h3>Main Results.</h3> —Eighty-seven percent of the children had received at least 3 doses of HBV vaccine. The overall prevalence rate of hepatitis B surface antigenemia decreased from 9.8% in 1984 to 1.3% in 1994. A statistically significant decrease was observed in every age group from 1 to 10 years. The overall prevalence rate of hepatitis B core antibody was 26% in 1984, 15% in 1989, and 4.0% in 1994. This suggests that the risk of horizontal HBV infection has decreased over time, not only because of the protective effect of the vaccine but also because the infection source has diminished. A high prevalence rate of hepatitis B surface antibody (79%) was noted in 1994 as anticipated. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The Taiwanese mass vaccination program has protected most children younger than 10 years from becoming carriers, reducing both perinatal and horizontal HBV transmission. Mass HBV vaccination has proved to be a successful method to control HBV infection in this hyperendemic area.
Joint Study of Extracranial Arterial Occlusion
Authors: William S. Fields
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Among 6,534 patients admitted to the study, 17% showed evidence of subclavian or innominate arterial occlusion or stenosis of 30% or more. Only 168 fulfilled the criteria of "subclavian steal" and more than 80% of these had associated lesions of other extracranial vessels. Differences were noted in operative mortality for various surgical procedures, and complications were higher when the thorax was opened. Mortality and morbidity from stroke were exceedingly high in the surgical group. No significant differences in survival were noted between the medically and surgically treated groups. Patients with subclavian artery disease only did not have strokes during the follow-up period whether they were treated medically, surgically, or not at all.
The Arabidopsis APOLO and human UPAT sequence-unrelated long noncoding RNAs can modulate DNA and histone methylation machineries in plants
Authors: Camille Fonouni-Farde, Aurélie Christ, Thomas Blein, María Florencia Legascue, Lucía Ferrero, Michaël Moison, Leandro Lucero, Juan Sebastián Ramírez-Prado, David Latrasse, Daniel Gonzalez, Moussa Benhamed, Leandro Quadrana, Martin Crespi, Federico Ariel
Journal: Genome biology (2022)

Abstract Background RNA-DNA hybrid (R-loop)-associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), including the Arabidopsis lncRNA AUXIN-REGULATED PROMOTER LOOP ( APOLO ), are emerging as important regulators of three-dimensional chromatin conformation and gene transcriptional activity. Results Here, we show that in addition to the PRC1-component LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1), APOLO interacts with the methylcytosine-binding protein VARIANT IN METHYLATION 1 (VIM1), a conserved homolog of the mammalian DNA methylation regulator UBIQUITIN-LIKE CONTAINING PHD AND RING FINGER DOMAINS 1 (UHRF1). The APOLO -VIM1-LHP1 complex directly regulates the transcription of the auxin biosynthesis gene YUCCA2 by dynamically determining DNA methylation and H3K27me3 deposition over its promoter during the plant thermomorphogenic response. Strikingly, we demonstrate that the lncRNA UHRF1 Protein Associated Transcript ( UPAT ), a direct interactor of UHRF1 in humans, can be recognized by VIM1 and LHP1 in plant cells, despite the lack of sequence homology between UPAT and APOLO . In addition, we show that increased levels of APOLO or UPAT hamper VIM1 and LHP1 binding to YUCCA2 promoter and globally alter the Arabidopsis transcriptome in a similar manner. Conclusions Collectively, our results uncover a new mechanism in which a plant lncRNA coordinates Polycomb action and DNA methylation through the interaction with VIM1, and indicates that evolutionary unrelated lncRNAs with potentially conserved structures may exert similar functions by interacting with homolog partners.
Polyphenol‐Functionalized Cubosomes as Thrombolytic Drug Carriers
Authors: Haitao Yu, Jason S. Palazzolo, Yi Ju, Be'eri Niego, Shuaijun Pan, Christoph E. Hagemeyer, Frank Caruso
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

The safe administration of thrombolytic agents is a challenge for the treatment of acute thrombosis. Lipid-based nanoparticle drug delivery technologies present opportunities to overcome the existing clinical limitations and deliver thrombolytic therapy with enhanced therapeutic outcomes and safety. Herein, lipid cubosomes are examined as nanocarriers for the encapsulation of thrombolytic drugs. The lipid cubosomes are loaded with the thrombolytic drug urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and coated with a low-fouling peptide that is incorporated within a metal-phenolic network (MPN). The peptide-containing MPN (pep-MPN) coating inhibits the direct contact of uPA with the surrounding environment, as assessed by an in vitro plasminogen activation assay and an ex vivo whole blood clot degradation assay. The pep-MPN-coated cubosomes prepared with 22 wt% peptide demonstrate a cell membrane-dependent thrombolytic activity, which is attributed to their fusogenic lipid behavior. Moreover, compared with the uncoated lipid cubosomes, the uPA-loaded pep-MPN-coated cubosomes demonstrate significantly reduced nonspecific cell association (<10% of the uncoated cubosomes) in the whole blood assay, a prolonged circulating half-life, and reduced splenic uPA accumulation in mice. These studies confirm the preserved bioactivity and cell membrane-dependent release of uPA within pep-MPN-coated lipid cubosomes, highlighting their potential as a delivery vehicle for thrombolytic drugs.
Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of an Escherichia coli-produced Human Papillomavirus (16 and 18) L1 virus-like-particle vaccine: end-of-study analysis of a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Fang-Hui Zhao, Ting Wu, Yue-Mei Hu, Li-Hui Wei, Ming-Qiang Li, Wei-Jin Huang, Wen Chen, Shou-Jie Huang, Qin-Jing Pan, Xun Zhang, Ying Hong, Chao Zhao, Qing Li, Kai Chu, Yun-Fei Jiang, Ming-Zhu Li, Jie Tang, Cai-Hong Li, Dong-Ping Guo, Li-Dong Ke, Xin Wu, Xing-Mei Yao, Jian-Hui Nie, Bi-Zhen Lin, Yu-Qian Zhao, Meng Guo, Jun Zhao, Feng-Zhu Zheng, Xiao-Qian Xu, Ying-Ying Su, Qiu-Fen Zhang, Guang Sun, Feng-Cai Zhu, Shao-Wei Li, Yi-Min Li, Hui-Rong Pan, Jun Zhang, You-Lin Qiao, Ning-Shao Xia
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2022)
Tailored Biocompatible Polyurethane‐Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogels as a Versatile Nonfouling Biomaterial
Authors: Alessondra T. Speidel, Phillip R. A. Chivers, Christopher S. Wood, Derrick A. Roberts, Inês P. Correia, April S. Caravaca, Yu Kiu Victor Chan, Catherine S. Hansel, Johannes Heimgärtner, Eliane Müller, Jill Ziesmer, Georgios A. Sotiriou, Peder S. Olofsson, Molly M. Stevens
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Polyurethane-based hydrogels are relatively inexpensive and mechanically robust biomaterials with ideal properties for various applications, including drug delivery, prosthetics, implant coatings, soft robotics, and tissue engineering. In this report, a simple method is presented for synthesizing and casting biocompatible polyurethane-poly(ethylene glycol) (PU-PEG) hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties, nonfouling characteristics, and sustained tolerability as an implantable material or coating. The hydrogels are synthesized via a simple one-pot method using commercially available precursors and low toxicity solvents and reagents, yielding a consistent and biocompatible gel platform primed for long-term biomaterial applications. The mechanical and physical properties of the gels are easily controlled by varying the curing concentration, producing networks with complex shear moduli of 0.82-190 kPa, similar to a range of human soft tissues. When evaluated against a mechanically matched poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) formulation, the PU-PEG hydrogels demonstrated favorable nonfouling characteristics, including comparable adsorption of plasma proteins (albumin and fibrinogen) and significantly reduced cellular adhesion. Moreover, preliminary murine implant studies reveal a mild foreign body response after 41 days. Due to the tunable mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility, and sustained in vivo tolerability of these hydrogels, it is proposed that this method offers a simplified platform for fabricating soft PU-based biomaterials for a variety of applications.
Posttranslational control of lipogenesis in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Yahui Zhu, Xingrong Lin, Xiaojun Zhou, Edward V. Prochownik, Fubing Wang, Youjun Li
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2022)

Abstract Metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells within the tumor microenvironment typically occurs in response to increased nutritional, translation and proliferative demands. Altered lipid metabolism is a marker of tumor progression that is frequently observed in aggressive tumors with poor prognosis. Underlying these abnormal metabolic behaviors are posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of lipid metabolism-related enzymes and other factors that can impact their activity and/or subcellular localization. This review focuses on the roles of these PTMs and specifically on how they permit the re-wiring of cancer lipid metabolism, particularly within the context of the tumor microenvironment.
Multiple genome alignment in the telomere-to-telomere assembly era
Authors: Bryce Kille, Advait Balaji, Fritz J. Sedlazeck, Michael Nute, Todd J. Treangen
Journal: Genome biology (2022)

Abstract With the arrival of telomere-to-telomere (T2T) assemblies of the human genome comes the computational challenge of efficiently and accurately constructing multiple genome alignments at an unprecedented scale. By identifying nucleotides across genomes which share a common ancestor, multiple genome alignments commonly serve as the bedrock for comparative genomics studies. In this review, we provide an overview of the algorithmic template that most multiple genome alignment methods follow. We also discuss prospective areas of improvement of multiple genome alignment for keeping up with continuously arriving high-quality T2T assembled genomes and for unlocking clinically-relevant insights.
Simultaneous crosslinking of CD20 and CD38 receptors by drug-free macromolecular therapeutics enhances B cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: M. Tommy Gambles, Jiahui Li, D. Christopher Radford, Douglas Sborov, Paul Shami, Jiyuan Yang, Jindřich Kopeček
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2022)
Correction: Alzheimer risk gene product Pyk2 suppresses tau phosphorylation and phenotypic effects of tauopathy
Authors: A. Harrison Brody, Sarah Helena Nies, Fulin Guan, Levi M. Smith, Bandhan Mukherjee, Santiago A. Salazar, Suho Lee, Tu Kiet T. Lam, Stephen M. Strittmatter
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2022)
Tea Consumption and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in the UK Biobank
Authors: Maki Inoue-Choi, Yesenia Ramirez, Marilyn C. Cornelis, Amy Berrington de González, Neal D. Freedman, Erikka Loftfield
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Tea is frequently consumed worldwide, but the association of tea drinking with mortality risk remains inconclusive in populations where black tea is the main type consumed.To evaluate the associations of tea consumption with all-cause and cause-specific mortality and potential effect modification by genetic variation in caffeine metabolism.Prospective cohort study.The UK Biobank.498 043 men and women aged 40 to 69 years who completed the baseline touchscreen questionnaire from 2006 to 2010.Self-reported tea intake and mortality from all causes and leading causes of death, including cancer, all cardiovascular disease (CVD), ischemic heart disease, stroke, and respiratory disease.During a median follow-up of 11.2 years, higher tea intake was modestly associated with lower all-cause mortality risk among those who drank 2 or more cups per day. Relative to no tea drinking, the hazard ratios (95% CIs) for participants drinking 1 or fewer, 2 to 3, 4 to 5, 6 to 7, 8 to 9, and 10 or more cups per day were 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91 to 1.00), 0.87 (CI, 0.84 to 0.91), 0.88 (CI, 0.84 to 0.91), 0.88 (CI, 0.84 to 0.92), 0.91 (CI, 0.86 to 0.97), and 0.89 (CI, 0.84 to 0.95), respectively. Inverse associations were seen for mortality from all CVD, ischemic heart disease, and stroke. Findings were similar regardless of whether participants also drank coffee or not or of genetic score for caffeine metabolism.Potentially important aspects of tea intake (for example, portion size and tea strength) were not assessed.Higher tea intake was associated with lower mortality risk among those drinking 2 or more cups per day, regardless of genetic variation in caffeine metabolism. These findings suggest that tea, even at higher levels of intake, can be part of a healthy diet.National Cancer Institute Intramural Research Program.
Carbamylation of Integrin α IIb β 3: The Mechanistic Link to Platelet Dysfunction in ESKD
Authors: Veronika Binder, Barbara Chruścicka-Smaga, Brith Bergum, Stéphane Jaisson, Philippe Gillery, Joar Sivertsen, Tor Hervig, Marta Kaminska, Ronak Tilvawala, Venkatesh V. Nemmara, Paul R. Thompson, Jan Potempa, Hans-Peter Marti, Piotr Mydel
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2022)

Bleeding diatheses, common among patients with ESKD, can lead to serious complications, particularly during invasive procedures. Chronic urea overload significantly increases cyanate concentrations in patients with ESKD, leading to carbamylation, an irreversible modification of proteins and peptides.To investigate carbamylation as a potential mechanistic link between uremia and platelet dysfunction in ESKD, we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to quantify total homocitrulline, and biotin-conjugated phenylglyoxal labeling and Western blot to detect carbamylated integrin αIIbβ3 (a receptor required for platelet aggregation). Flow cytometry was used to study activation of isolated platelets and platelet-rich plasma. In a transient transfection system, we tested activity and fibrinogen binding of different mutated forms of the receptor. We assessed platelet adhesion and aggregation in microplate assays.Carbamylation inhibited platelet activation, adhesion, and aggregation. Patients on hemodialysis exhibited significantly reduced activation of αIIbβ3 compared with healthy controls. We found significant carbamylation of both subunits of αIIbβ3 on platelets from patients receiving hemodialysis versus only minor modification in controls. In the transient transfection system, modification of lysine 185 in the β3 subunit was associated with loss of receptor activity and fibrinogen binding. Supplementation of free amino acids, which was shown to protect plasma proteins from carbamylation-induced damage in patients on hemodialysis, prevented loss of αIIbβ3 activity in vitro.Carbamylation of αIIbβ3-specifically modification of the K185 residue-might represent a mechanistic link between uremia and dysfunctional primary hemostasis in patients on hemodialysis. The observation that free amino acids prevented the carbamylation-induced loss of αIIbβ3 activity suggests amino acid administration during dialysis may help to normalize platelet function.
Effects of ixekizumab treatment on structural changes in the sacroiliac joint: MRI assessments at 16 weeks in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Walter P Maksymowych, Xenofon Baraliakos, Robert G Lambert, Robert Landewé, David Sandoval, Hilde Carlier, Jeffrey Lisse, Xiaoqi Li, Maja Hojnik, Mikkel Østergaard
Journal: The Lancet Rheumatology (2022)
2022 ACC/AHA Key Data Elements and Definitions for Chest Pain and Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: H.V. (“Skip”) Anderson, Sofia Carolina Masri, Mouin S. Abdallah, Anna Marie Chang, Mauricio G. Cohen, Islam Y. Elgendy, Martha Gulati, Kathleen LaPoint, Nidhi Madan, Issam D. Moussa, Jorge Ramirez, April W. Simon, Vikas Singh, Stephen W. Waldo, Marlene S. Williams
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
In-Hospital Hyperglycemia Is Associated With Worse Outcomes in Patients Admitted With COVID-19
Authors: Angela Lombardi, Shivani Agarwal, Clyde Schechter, Yaron Tomer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

Diabetes and the outpatient diabetes treatment regimen have been identified as risk factors for poor outcomes in patients with sepsis. However, little is known about the effect of tight inpatient glycemic control in the setting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, we examined the effect of hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes hospitalized because of COVID-19.We analyzed data from 1,938 COVID-19 patients with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19 from March to May 2020 at a large academic medical center in New York City. Patients were divided into two groups based on their inpatient glycemic values, and a Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the independent association of inpatient glucose levels with mortality (primary outcome) and the risk of requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) (secondary outcome).In our analysis, 32% of the patients were normoglycemic and 68% hyperglycemic. Moreover, 31% of the study subjects died during hospitalization, and 14% required MV, with inpatient hyperglycemia being significantly associated with both mortality and the requirement for MV. Additionally, in the Cox regression analysis, after adjustment for potential confounders, including age, sex, race, BMI, HbA1c, comorbidities, inflammatory markers, and corticosteroid therapy, patients with uncontrolled hyperglycemia had a higher risk of dying (hazard ratio [HR] 1.54, 95% CI 1.00-2.36, P = 0.049) and of requiring MV (HR 4.41, 95% CI 1.52-2.81, P = 0.006) than those with normoglycemia.A tight control of inpatient hyperglycemia may be an effective method for improving outcomes in patients with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19.
Timelines for successful endoscopic eradication therapy in Barrett’s esophagus-related neoplasia: what are we aiming for?
Authors: Rehan Haidry
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Just over 10 years ago, endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) for Barrett’s esophagus (BE)-related neoplasia came to the fore. Interventional endoscopists and BE specialists worldwide were excited but still slightly unsure about which patients fitted the treatment criteria and how best to treat them. Patients were excited because historic interventions had poor outcomes, and surgeons remained skeptical about the long-term oncological consequences of local treatment and organ-preserving therapies.
Enfortumab Vedotin Plus Pembrolizumab in Previously Untreated Advanced Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Christopher J. Hoimes, Thomas W. Flaig, Matthew I. Milowsky, Terence W. Friedlander, Mehmet Asim Bilen, Shilpa Gupta, Sandy Srinivas, Jaime R. Merchan, Rana R. McKay, Daniel P. Petrylak, Carolyn Sasse, Blanca Homet Moreno, Yao Yu, Anne-Sophie Carret, Jonathan E. Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

Cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy remains the standard of care for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (la/mUC); however, toxicity is substantial, responses are rarely durable, and many patients with la/mUC are ineligible. Each enfortumab vedotin and pembrolizumab have shown a survival benefit versus chemotherapy in UC, are not restricted by cisplatin eligibility, and warrant investigation as a first-line (1L) combination therapy in patients ineligible for cisplatin.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor–Prolyl Hydroxyl Domain Inhibitors: From Theoretical Superiority to Clinical Noninferiority Compared with Current ESAs?
Authors: Francesco Locatelli, Lucia Del Vecchio
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2022)

Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease; it is mainly treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and iron. Experimental studies extensively investigated the mechanisms involved in the body's response to hypoxia and led to the discovery of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway and the enzymes regulating its function. HIF-prolyl-hydroxyl domain (PHD) inhibitors are a new class of oral drugs developed to treat anemia in chronic kidney disease. By inhibiting the function of PHD enzymes, they mimic the exposure to moderate hypoxia and stimulate the production of endogenous erythropoietin and very likely increase iron availability. Some data also suggest that their efficacy and, consequently, dose needs are less influenced by inflammation than ESAs. Overall, data from phases 2 and 3 clinical development showed efficacy in anemia correction and maintenance for all of the class molecules compared with placebo (superiority) or erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (noninferiority). Three molecules, roxadustat, vadadustat, and daprodustat, underwent extensive clinical investigation to assess their safety on hard cardiovascular end points, mortality, and special interest events (including cancer and thrombosis). Aside from vadadustat in the nondialysis population, at the prespecified primary analyses, all three molecules met the noninferiority margin for the risk of major cardiovascular events compared with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents or placebo. The reason for this discrepancy is difficult to explain. Other safety signals came from secondary analyses of some of the other randomized clinical trials, including a higher incidence of thrombosis. A more extensive clinical experience with post-marketing data on hard safety issues is needed to define better when and how to use HIF-PHD inhibitors compared with already available ESAs.
Abusive Head Trauma in Infants During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Paris Metropolitan Area
Authors: Alina-Marilena Lãzãrescu, Sandro Benichi, Thomas Blauwblomme, Kévin Beccaria, Marie Bourgeois, Charles-Joris Roux, Estelle Vergnaud, Juliette Montmayeur, Philippe Meyer, Jérémie F. Cohen, Martin Chalumeau, Flora Blangis, Gilles Orliaguet
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

The COVID-19 pandemic and the containment and mitigation measures taken were feared to be associated with increased child abuse.
Spending on Insulin by U.S. Payers and Patients From 2008 to 2017
Authors: Nicholas Chiu, Rahul Aggarwal, Inmaculada Hernandez, Rishi Wadhera, Colette Dejong, Chien-Wen Tseng, Robert W. Yeh, Dhruv S. Kazi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)