tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Injuries to the Medial Meniscus in the Aging Patient
Authors: Henry M. Litchman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

TRAUMATIC internal derangement of the knee is generally associated with the young male athlete or laborer. It has long been felt that this condition was not prone to occur in the aging and that symptoms in the older patient were invariably due to the simultaneous presence of osteoarthritic changes, generally demonstrable by x-ray when these patients appear for evaluation. Furthermore, many orthopedic surgeons, suspecting traumatic derangements in aging patients, have denied them surgical treatment with the opinion that the results were unpredictable and the morbidity high. Recently, it has been emphasized that the elderly patient can also have attritional meniscus ruptures secondary to the osteoarthritis with typical signs and symptoms of derangement.<sup>1</sup> It is the authors' purpose to illustrate that traumatic internal derangements of the knee are not uncommon in the aging, are clinically similar to derangements found in younger patients, and with minor modifications in surgical technique, can
Leucocytoclastic vasculitis associated with mixed cryoglobulinaemia and hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Y. ABE, Y. TANAKA, M. TAKENAKA, H. YOSHIDA, H. YATSUHASHI, M. YANO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Mixed cryoglobulinaemia is frequently associated with chronic hepatitis. We report a patient with mixed cryoglobulinaemia, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and palpable purpura. The skin manifestations were diagnosed as leucocytoclastic vasculitis in view of both the clinical appearance and the histological findings. In this study, we demonstrated the presence of IgG–class anti–HCV–antibody. HCV–RNA and IgA–class rheumatoid factor in the cryoprecipitate. These results suggest that the cryoglobulinaemia in this case was caused by aggregation of an immune complex comprised of HCV and anti–HCV antibody with IgA–type–rheumatoid factor, and that this led to a cutaneous vasculitis.
Treatment in General Practice
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis and Pneumoperitoneum
Authors: G. Frederick Woelfel
Journal: JAMA (1983)

THE radiological finding of free air within the peritoneal cavity is usually evidence of disease or injury and is best treated by surgical exploration. Spontaneous or primary bacterial peritonitis is a bacterial infection of the peritoneum not associated with underlying surgical disease. Perforated ulcer or intestine, abscess, or penetrating abdominal wound are not factors present as the underlying cause. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is commonly associated with underlying liver disease, usually cirrhosis with ascites, or the nephrotic syndrome. We describe a patient with cirrhosis with gross ascites and renal failure, who had signs and symptoms of peritonitis and pneumoperitoneum on roentgenogram. At laparotomy, no evidence of gastrointestinal (GI) tract perforation was found. Ascitic fluid culture yielded<i>Clostridium perfringens</i>, suggesting a diagnosis of SBP. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 63-year-old man with a long-standing history of alcohol abuse was admitted to the hospital in September 1980 with increasing abdominal girth, increasing
Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Adults With Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Anthony L. Komaroff
Journal: JAMA (1981)

We studied 52 adult patients admitted to the hospital over an 11-month period with symptoms suggesting pulmonary infection. Twenty-nine had pneumonia and none were receiving immunosuppressive drug therapy. We found definite serological evidence of recent chlamydial infection in 21% (4/19) of patients with pneumonia of unclear etiology, and in 0% (0/33) of patients with other pulmonary conditions. An additional three patients with pneumonia had suggestive serological evidence of recent chlamydial infection. None of the seven patients had culture evidence of bacterial infection, or serological evidence of mycoplasmal, viral, or<i>Legionella</i>infection; none had physical examination findings suggesting intercurrent chlamydial infection of the eye or genitourinary tract.<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>may have been a cause of community-acquired pneumonia in some of these patients. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1319-1322)
British Society of Gastroenterology
Journal: Gut (1982)

It has been established that the peptide-containing nerves of the gut show distinct abnormalities in certain diseases.In the present study, the techniques of immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay have been used to investigate these nerves in surgical specimens from patients with three forms of megacolon: congenital (n=8), acquired (n=10), and idiopathic (n=6).A marked reduction in peptidecontaining nerves was observed in both congenital (Hirschsprung's disease) and acquired (Chagas' disease) megacolon.In Hirschsprung's disease the loss of peptide- containing nerves was largely in proportion to the length of the aganglionic segment.In Chagas' disease, however, where the neuronal degeneration in the gut is diffuse, the extent of the reduction in peptidecontaining nerves was variable.Radio- immunoassay demonstrated a decrease in the content of neuropeptides in both diseases.For example, the content of VIP was reduced from 142±18 pmol/g wet weight of tissue in normal neonatal bowel to 57±8 pmol/g in aganglionic bowel.In contrast, no abnormality of peptidecontaining nerves could be detected in idiopathic megacolon.These results provide new means for the investigation of the pathogenesis of megacolon and indicate that the underlying abnormality in idiopathic megacolon does not involve the peptide-containing component of the enteric nervous system.
Resuscitation
Authors: P D Donnelly, D Chamberlain, A J Handley, D Assar, C A Lester, A. J Handley
Journal: BMJ (1997)

More widespread public debate on rationing is essentialEditor-We find it significant that none of the clinicians who contributed to the conference "Rationing in the NHS: Time to Get Real" signed the open letter to Frank Dobson. 1 In the letter, rationing is defined as occurring when not all health services can be provided to everybody who might benefit from them, a definition so broad that it can be said always to have existed.Yet most British clinicians would not recognise the examples given as rationing.A young woman with high cholesterol as a single risk factor for coronary heart disease may be "denied" drug treatment and given dietary advice instead simply because the risks of side effects outweigh the marginal benefit; this is rational, not rationing.Again, "denying" magnetic resonance imaging for uncomplicated migraine in a young person has nothing to do with cost: the risks of iatrogenic anxiety and distress are far greater than any possible benefit from such intervention.The authors do the cause of so called smart rationing a disservice by these examples.This debate is too important to be "dumbed down" in this way.Whenever rationing is discussed there is a tension between those whose professional discipline (health economics, medical ethics, or policy analysis) allows them to work with broad underlying principles and those who are constantly brought face to face with the limitations of these principles through daily contact with patients.The former are much more likely to believe that it is possible and appropriate to base all rationing decisions on a series of well argued principles.Life for the latter is far messier: it is often impossible to apply broad principle to individual cases, let alone find a "currency of comparison" 2 that will enable the claims of, for example, a dying older person on an understaffed geriatric ward to be ranked against those of a patient with multiple sclerosis who might benefit from interferon beta.Struggling to make these sorts of comparisons is painful; the examples given in the open letter tax no one and thereby offer false hope of easy solutions.It is because the choices are difficult that more widespread public debate is essential.Only through such a debate can we all, as citizens, realise what is happening to the NHS, consider if that is the NHS that we want, and decide how much of our taxes an NHS worthy of the name deserves.
Environmental Hazards to Elderly Artists
Authors: Bruce R. Conklin
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The MEDICAL NEWS report on art-related hazards was both timely and informative.<sup>1</sup>Often overlooked, however, are the artists who are among the nation's elderly (25.5 million people older than 65 years in 1980).<sup>2</sup>In a recent summer research project, I found that artrelated hazards may be a major cause of preventable toxic exposure in the elderly community. As a medical student, I completed 37 in-depth occupational histories in an Arizona retirement community (19 men, 18 women; average age, 74 years).<sup>3</sup>Of this series, ten (27%) persons attributed a chronic disability to a past occupational exposure, while four (11%) persons had recently experienced symptom-producing art-related exposures (three painting and one woodworking). Retirement is a time for many people to pursue a favorite hobby, and some of these can involve hazardous chemical exposures. My study indicates that many retired persons devote so much time to these
American Cancer Society's Revised Guidelines for Annual Chest Film—A Dissenting Opinion
Authors: Robert S. Fontana
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In its recent report on the cancer-related health checkup, the American Cancer Society rescinded its previous recommendation for annual chest roentgenograms for asymptomatic persons older than 40 years of age who have a high risk for development of lung cancer because they are smokers or are exposed to other lung carcinogens.<sup>1</sup>In the same report, the Cancer Society recommended yearly health counseling and cancer checkups for persons older than 40 years of age and advised those with symptoms to consult a physician. To conduct a yearly cancer checkup on a person with a high risk for lung cancer and not obtain a chest roentgenogram seems illogical; it is well recognized that symptomatic lung cancer is usually advanced and rapidly fatal. The chest roentgenogram is much more likely to disclose the presence of curable lung cancer than are symptoms or a physical examination.<sup>2</sup> The National Cancer Institute is currently
Isolation, Culture, and Transplantation of Human Hepatocytes&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;, &lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: S. C. Strom, R. L. Jirtle, R. S. Jones, D. L. Novicki, M. R. Rosenberg, A. Novotny, G. Irons, J. R. McLain, G. Michalopoulos
 8
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

The in situ two-step collagenase perfusion technique used for the isolation of hepatocytes from rat liver was adapted into a procedure applicable to pieces of human liver obtainable from surgical procedures. Human hepatocytes obtained by this method were maintained in primary culture for 10 days. The cellular changes observed at the light microscopic and electron microscopic levels are described. The cfianges in microsomal enzymes as a function of the age of the cultures were also measured. Exposure of the human hepatocytes to procarcinogens known to be metabolized by rodent liver resulted in unscheduled DNA synthesis. The isolated hepatocytes were also transplanted into two-thirds partially hepatectomized athymic nude mice. The transplanted cells formed nodules with characteristic hepatic architecture. These studies demonstrate that hepatocytes obtained from human liver by the described modified collagenase technique can be used for in vitro studies in chemical carcinogenesis.
New plasminogen activator a patent hope for MI victims
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A little-known substance called tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) has been used to dissolve blood clots in various vessels of at least 15 patients in Europe and the United States. Plasminogen activators are enzymes that trigger a series of events leading to the breakup of blood clots—particularly important in the coronary arteries. The two best-known exogenous plasminogen activators are streptokinase and urokinase (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1982;248:805-811). Now these two have been joined by t-PA. The latter's clinical use in an initial seven patients was revealed at a Houston symposium on Interventional Modifications in Coronary Artery Disease, sponsored by the Texas Heart Institute, by Désiré Collen, MD, PhD, of the University of Leuven, Belgium. All vessels treated were still patent, he said. There are now informal reports that recanalization has also been achieved in at least eight other patients. Collen spoke of clinical work involving the seven patients, without elaborating further, during
Animal Parasites and Human Disease.
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE CONTAGIOUSNESS OF TUBERCULOSIS.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Laceration of the Spinal Cord Related to Breech Delivery
Authors: John P. Allen
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Three cases clearly demonstrate that spinal cord injuries associated with delivery have not vanished from medicine. Consideration should be given to spinal cord trauma after breech delivery in any stillborn, neonatal death, or paraplegic neonate. Myelography will often suggest the diagnosis of a spinal cord injury. The most frequent direct cause of spinal cord injury associated with delivery is excessive longitudinal traction applied to the fetus.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

ENMD-2076 is a novel, orally bioavailable multitargeted antiangiogenic and Aurora kinase inhibitor with preclinical activity against multiple cancer types. In this study, Tentler and colleagues examined the efficacy of ENMD-2076 in vivo against primary and cell line–derived murine xenograft models of colorectal cancer (CRC). They used tumor growth inhibition, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), and 18FDGpositron emission tomography (18FDG-PET) to assess the antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and antimetabolic responses to ENMD-2076, respectively. They found that ENMD-2076 demonstrated robust antitumor activity against cell line and patient-derived xenograft models of CRC, supporting further clinical investigation of this agent in CRC.DNA damage responses and telomere integrity represent anticancer barriers, as they prevent genome instability and occurrence of new genomic abnormalities. Lantuejoul and colleagues describe the chronology of telomere machinery during both bronchial and bronchioloalveolar carcinogenesis. They report increased expression of telomeric maintenance proteins TRF1 and TRF2 and of DNA damage response (DDR) proteins, which were progressively activated from low- to high-grade dysplasia, and from atypical adenomatous hyperplasia to in situ adenocarcinoma. The DDR proteins became impaired in invasive squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, suggesting they could represent predictive factors for cancer progression and potential markers of drug sensitivity.The high recurrence rate of low-grade non–muscle-invasive bladder tumors necessitates frequent cystoscopic monitoring of patients. FGFR3 mutations are associated with prognosis, and surveillance with FGFR3 mutation detection in voided urine could ultimately reduce the number of cystoscopies and improve patient quality of life. Here, Zuiverloon and colleagues determined the recurrence risk associated with urine positive for an FGFR3 mutation, and the predictive value of consecutive FGFR3-positive urine samples over time. Their findings suggest that having FGFR3-positive urine is associated with a four-fold higher recurrence risk, and that an individualized surveillance protocol based on FGFR3 detection should be feasible.In this study, Armstrong and colleagues report giving a short course of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin to men with localized prostate cancer prior to radical prostatectomy. They found that the activity of the downstream mTOR target S6 was inhibited in the majority of tumors. However, there was no change in measures of tumor apoptosis or proliferation, despite a reduction in p27 nuclear localization and no detectable increase in Akt activation. While an antiangiogenic or novel antitumor mechanism of action for rapamycin cannot be excluded, these findings suggest that single agent mTOR inhibition may be insufficient to impact on prostate tumor growth or survival.
Syphilis and Public Health.
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cause and Prevention of Dental Caries.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Alpha<sub>1</sub>-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Authors: K Miyake
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

alpha 1-Antitrypsin (AAT) is a polymorphic protein with many variants collectively known as the Pi system. The most common alleles are the M, S and Z, which are co-dominantly inherited. Infants with PiZZ have approximately 16% of the normal AAT serum concentration. alpha 1-Antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an inborn error of metabolism which is principally associated with liver disease in children and emphysema in young adulthood. Individuals with AATD produce an abnormal protein which accumulates in the liver, resulting in decreased serum levels. Affected individuals cannot protect their lungs from digestion by elastase. Smoking is a significant risk factor for the early development of emphysema. Prolastin, human alpha 1-protease inhibitor, is now available as replacement therapy. Weekly intravenous administration, with the goal of maintaining the serum AAT greater than 80 mg/dl, appears to arrest pulmonary damage. Its effect on liver disease is unknown at this time. A recombinant alpha 1-protease inhibitor is being tested in aerosol form with promising early results.