tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Data Extraction and Handling Issues on Evidence Synthesis of Risk of Immunoglobulin E–Mediated Food Allergy—Reply
Authors: Roberta Scarpone, Parisut Kimkool, Robert J. Boyle
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Analysis of Social Media Use, Mental Health, and Gender Identity Among US Youths
Authors: Sarah M. Coyne, Emily Weinstein, J. Andan Sheppard, Spencer James, Megan Gale, Megan Van Alfen, Nora Ririe, Cameron Monson, Sarah Ashby, Allison Weston, Kennedy Banks
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Mental health among children and adolescents is a critical public health issue, and transgender and gender nonbinary youths are at an even greater risk. Social media has been consistently associated with youth mental health, but little is known about how gender identity interacts with this association. Objective To use a risk and resilience approach to examine the association between social media use and mental health among transgender, gender nonbinary, and cisgender youths. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study analyzed data collected from an online survey between May and August 2021. Participants included a random sample of US youths; eligibility requirements included being aged 10 to 17 years and residing in the US. Statistical analysis was performed from February to April 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures Social media use (time, type of use, favorite site, social comparisons, mindfulness, taking intentional breaks, cleaning and curating feeds, problematic use, and media literacy programs at their school) and mental health (depression, emotional problems, conduct problems, and body image) as main outcomes. Results Participants included 1231 youths aged 10 to 17 years from a national quota sample from the United States; 675 (54.8%) identified as cisgender female, 479 (38.9%) as cisgender male, and 77 (6.3%) as transgender, gender nonbinary, or other; 4 (0.3%) identified as American Indian or Alaska Native, 111 (9.0%) as Asian, 185 (15.0%) as Black, 186 (15.1%) as Hispanic or Latinx, 1 (0.1%) as Pacific Islander, 703 (57.1%) as White, and 41 (3.3%) as mixed and/or another race or ethnicity. Gender identity moderated both the strength and the direction of multiple associations between social media practices and mental health: active social media use (eg, emotional problems: B = 1.82; 95% CI, 0.16 to 3.49; P = .03), cleaning and/or curating social media feeds (eg, depression: B = −0.91; 95% CI, −1.98 to −0.09; P = .03), and taking intentional breaks (eg, depression: B = 1.03; 95% CI, 0.14 to 1.92; P = .02). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of gender identity, social media, and mental health, gender identity was associated with youths’ experiences of social media in ways that may have distinct implications for mental health. These results suggest that research about social media effects on youths should attend to gender identity; directing children and adolescents to spend less time on social media may backfire for those transgender and gender nonbinary youths who are intentional about creating safe spaces on social media that may not exist in their offline world.
Considering Patient Sex in Prescribing CGRP Receptor Antagonists for Short-Term Treatment of Migraine
Authors: Frank Porreca, David W. Dodick
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

This Viewpoint describes the relevance of sex-specific differences in the treatment of migraine, including in evidence from trials of CGRP therapeutics, and the clinical implications for decision-making in practice and trial design.
Comparative Effectiveness of Anticoagulants in Patients With Cancer-Associated Thrombosis
Authors: Irbaz Bin Riaz, Harry Fuentes, Yihong Deng, Syed Arsalan Ahmed Naqvi, Xiaoxi Yao, Lindsey R. Sangaralingham, Damon E. Houghton, Leslie J. Padrnos, Fadi E. Shamoun, Waldemar E. Wysokinski, Robert D. McBane
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Patterns of clinical utilization and comparative effectiveness of anticoagulants for cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) remain largely unexplored.To assess patterns of and factors associated with anticoagulant use and to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of contemporary anticoagulants in patients with active cancer in a clinical setting.This retrospective cohort study obtained deidentified OptumLabs electronic health record claims data from January 1, 2012, to September 30, 2019. Adult patients (≥18 years of age) with a primary cancer diagnosis (except skin cancer) during at least 1 inpatient or 2 outpatient visits within 6 months before the venous thromboembolism (VTE) date were included. Data were analyzed from April 2020 to September 2021.The patients were grouped according to the anticoagulant prescribed: (1) direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), (2) low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), and (3) warfarin.Odds ratios (ORs) were used to present the association between factors of interest and utilization of anticoagulants. Main efficacy outcomes included risk of VTE recurrence and all-cause mortality. Main safety outcomes included the risk of hospitalization due to major bleeding. Relative treatment effect estimates were expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs.This study included 5100 patients (mean [SD] age, 66.3 [12.3] years; 2670 [52.4%] women; 799 [15.7%] Black, 389 [7.6%] Hispanic, and 3559 [69.8%] White individuals). Overall, 2512 (49.3%), 1488 (29.2%), and 1460 (28.6%) filled prescriptions for DOACs, LMWH, and warfarin, respectively. The median (IQR) treatment duration was 3.2 (1.0-6.5) months for DOACs, 3.1 (1.0-6.8) months for warfarin, and 1.8 (0.9-3.8) months for LWMH. Patients with lung (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.12-3.65), urological (OR, 1.94; 95% CI,1.08-3.49), gynecological (OR, 4.25; 95% CI, 2.31-7.82), and colorectal (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.20-4.32) cancer were associated with increased prescriptions for LMWH compared with DOACs. LMWH (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.14-1.90) and warfarin (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.13-1.87) were associated with an increased risk of VTE recurrences compared with DOACs. LMWH was associated with an increased risk of major bleeding (HR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.62-3.20) and higher all-cause mortality (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.15-2.25) compared with DOACs.In this comparative effectiveness study of claims-based data, patients with CAT received anticoagulation for a remarkably short duration in clinical settings. DOACs was associated with a lower risk of VTE recurrence, major bleeding, and mortality. Warfarin may still be considered for patients with contraindications to DOACs and those with poor persistence on LMWH.
The Clinical Implications of Reversions in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer and Pathogenic Variants in BRCA1, BRCA2, or PALB2 after Progression on Rucaparib
Authors: Timothy J. Brown, Arielle Yablonovitch, Jacob E. Till, Jennifer Yen, Lesli A. Kiedrowski, Ryan Hood, Mark H. O'Hara, Ursina Teitelbaum, Thomas B. Karasic, Charles Schneider, Erica L. Carpenter, Katherine Nathanson, Susan M. Domchek, Kim A. Reiss
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

PARP inhibitors (PARPi) provide an effective maintenance option for patients with BRCA- or PALB2-mutated pancreatic cancer. However, mechanisms of PARPi resistance and optimal post-PARPi therapeutic strategies are poorly characterized.
Comparison of Electronic Health Record Messages to Mental Health Care Professionals Before vs After COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Simone A. Bernstein, Alison L. Huckenpahler, Ginger E. Nicol, Jessica A. Gold
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

This qualitative improvement study examines the change in electronic health record messaging from patients to mental health professionals before vs after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Use of smartphone application versus written titration charts for basal insulin titration in adults with type 2 diabetes and suboptimal glycaemic control (My Dose Coach): multicentre, open-label, parallel, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Norbert Hermanns, Dominic Ehrmann, Katharina Finke-Groene, Michael Krichbaum, Timm Roos, Thomas Haak, Guido Freckmann, Bernhard Kulzer
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2023)

The majority of people with type 2 diabetes who require insulin therapy use only basal insulin in combination with other anti-diabetic agents. We tested whether using a smartphone application to titrate insulin could improve glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes who use basal insulin.This was a 12-week, multicentre, open-label, parallel, randomised controlled trial conducted in 36 diabetes practices in Germany. Eligible participants had type 2 diabetes, a BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2, were on basal insulin therapy or were initiating basal insulin therapy, and had suboptimal glycaemic control (HbA1c >7.5%; 58.5 mmol/mol). Block randomisation with 1:1 allocation was performed centrally. Participants in the intervention group titrated their basal insulin dose using a smartphone application (My Dose Coach) for 12 weeks. Control group participants titrated their basal insulin dose according to a written titration chart. The primary outcome was the baseline-adjusted change in HbA1c at 12 weeks. The intention-to-treat analysis included all randomised participants.Between 13 July 2021 and 21 March 2022, 251 study participants were randomly assigned (control group: n = 123; intervention group: n = 128), and 236 completed the follow-up phase (control group: n = 119; intervention group: n = 117). Regarding the HbA1c a model-based adjusted between-group difference of -0.31% (95% CI: 0.01%-0.69%; p = 0.0388) in favour of the intervention group was observed. There were 30 adverse events reported: 16 in the control group, 14 in the intervention group. Of these, 15 adverse events were serious. No event was considered to be related to the investigational device.Study results suggest that utilizing this digital health smartphone application for basal insulin titration may have resulted in a comparatively greater reduction in HbA1c levels among individuals with type 2 diabetes, as compared to basal insulin titration guided by a written titration schedule. No negative effect on safety outcomes was observed.Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH.
The predictable crisis of covid-19 in Canada’s long term care homes
Authors: Carole A Estabrooks, Vivian Ewa, Janice Keefe, Sharon E Straus
Journal: BMJ (2023)

<b>Sharon Straus and colleagues</b> argue that residents, families, and staff in long term care homes in Canada were failed by governments during the pandemic and need coordinated efforts across federal, provincial, and territorial governments to safeguard these populations
Neutralising antibodies against human metapneumovirus
Authors: Lei Guo, Li Li, Li Liu, Tiesong Zhang, Ming Sun
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2023)

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is one of the leading causes of respiratory infection. Since its discovery in 2001, no specific antiviral or vaccine has been available in contrast to its closely related family member human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV). Neutralising monoclonal antibodies (nMAbs) are the core effectors of vaccines and are essential therapeutic immune drugs against infectious pathogens. The development of nMAbs against hMPV has accelerated in recent years as a result of breakthroughs in viral fusion (F) protein structural biology and experience with hRSV and other enveloped viruses. We provide an overview of the potent F-specific nMAbs of hMPV, generalise their targeting F antigen epitopes, and discuss the nMAb development strategy and future directions for hMPV and broad-spectrum hMPV, hRSV nMabs, and vaccine research and development.
The role of the immune system in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; an area requiring more investigation
Authors: Alessandro Pileri, Nicola Pimpinelli
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Journal Article Corrected proof The role of the immune system in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; an area requiring more investigation Get access Alessandro Pileri, Alessandro Pileri Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy Correspondence: Alessandro Pileri. Email: alessandro.pileri2@unibo.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nicola Pimpinelli Nicola Pimpinelli Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing Department of Health Sciences, Dermatology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, ljad255, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljad255 Published: 24 July 2023 Article history Received: 18 July 2023 Accepted: 19 July 2023 Published: 24 July 2023 Corrected and typeset: 24 August 2023
Genetic diversity and its impact on disease severity in respiratory syncytial virus subtype-A and -B bronchiolitis before and after pandemic restrictions in Rome
Authors: A. Pierangeli, R. Nenna, M. Fracella, C. Scagnolari, G. Oliveto, L. Sorrentino, F. Frasca, M.G. Conti, L. Petrarca, P. Papoff, O. Turriziani, G. Antonelli, P. Stefanelli, A.T. Palamara, F. Midulla
Journal: Journal of Infection (2023)

ObjectivesTo scrutinize whether the high circulation of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) observed in 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 was due to viral diversity, we characterized RSV-A and -B strains causing bronchiolitis in Rome, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsRSV-positive samples, prospectively collected from infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis from 2017-2018 to 2022-2023, were sequenced in the G gene; phylogenetic results and amino acid substitutions were analyzed. Subtype-specific data were compared among seasons.ResultsPredominance of RSV-A and -B alternated in the pre-pandemic seasons; RSV-A dominated in 2021-2022 whereas RSV-B was predominant in 2022-2023. RSV-A sequences were ON1 genotype but quite distant from the ancestor; two divergent clades included sequences from pre- and post-pandemic seasons. Nearly all RSV-B were BA10 genotype; a divergent clade included only strains from 2021-2022 and 2022-2023.RSV-A cases had lower need of O2 therapy and of intensive care during 2021-2022 with respect to all other seasons. RSV-B infected infants were more frequently admitted to intensive care units and needed O2 in 2022-2023.ConclusionsThe intense RSV peak in 2021-2022, driven by RSV-A phylogenetically related to pre-pandemic strains is attributable to the immune debt created by pandemic restrictions. The RSV-B genetic divergence observed in post-pandemic strains may have increased the RSV-B specific immune debt, being a possible contributor to bronchiolitis severity in 2022-2023.
Effects of breakthrough infections on clinical characteristics and outcomes among patients with Japanese encephalitis
Authors: Yiguo Zhou, Ling-Lu Zhao, Jian Chen, Wan-Xue Zhang, Su-Ye Zhao, Chao Wang, Juan Du, Ting-Ting Wei, Ya-Qiong Liu, Qing-Bin Lu, Ming Liu, Fuqiang Cui
Journal: Journal of Infection (2023)
Spatial Decoding of Immune Cell Contribution to Fibroblastic Foci in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: David C. Yang, Ssu-Wei Hsu, Ji-Min Li, Justin Oldham, Ching-Hsien Chen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

"Spatial Decoding of Immune Cell Contribution to Fibroblastic Foci in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 208(6), pp. 728–731
Comparative Effectiveness of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors for Recurrent Gout Flares and Gout-Primary Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations
Authors: Natalie McCormick, Chio Yokose, Jie Wei, Na Lu, Deborah J. Wexler, J. Antonio Aviña-Zubieta, Mary A. De Vera, Yuqing Zhang, Hyon K. Choi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) decrease serum urate levels, but whether this translates into prevention of recurrent flares among patients with gout and gout-primary emergency department (ED) visits or hospitalizations is unknown.
AUTOGEN: A Personalized Large Language Model for Academic Enhancement—Ethics and Proof of Principle
Authors: Sebastian Porsdam Mann, Brian D. Earp, Nikolaj Møller, Suren Vynn, Julian Savulescu
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

In this article, we explore the potential of enhancing academic prose and idea generation by fine-tuning a large language model (here, GPT-3) on one's own previously published writings: AUTOGEN ("AI Unique Tailored Output GENerator"). We develop, test, and describe three distinct AUTOGEN models trained on the prior scholarly output of three of the current authors (SBM, BDE, JS), with a fourth model trained on the combined works of all three. Our AUTOGEN models demonstrate greater variance in quality than the base GPT-3 model, with many outputs outperforming the base model in format, style, overall quality, and novel idea generation. As proof of principle, we present and discuss examples of AUTOGEN-written sections of existing and hypothetical research papers. We further discuss ethical opportunities, concerns, and open questions associated with personalized academic prose and idea generators. Ethical opportunities for personalized LLMs such as AUTOGEN include increased productivity, preservation of writing styles and cultural traditions, and aiding consensus building. However, ethical concerns arise due to the potential for personalized LLMs to reduce output diversity, violate privacy and intellectual property rights, and facilitate plagiarism or fraud. The use of coauthored or multiple-source trained models further complicates issues surrounding ownership and attribution. Open questions concern a potential credit-blame asymmetry for LLM outputs, the legitimacy of licensing agreements in authorship ascription, and the ethical implications of coauthorship attribution for data contributors. Ensuring the output is sufficiently distinct from the source material is crucial to maintaining ethical standards in academic writing. These opportunities, risks, and open issues highlight the intricate ethical landscape surrounding the use of personalized LLMs in academia. We also discuss open technical questions concerning the integration of AUTOGEN-style personalized LLMs with other LLMs, such as GPT-4, for iterative refinement and improvement of generated text. In conclusion, we argue that AUTOGEN-style personalized LLMs offer significant potential benefits in terms of both prose generation and, to a lesser extent, idea generation. If associated ethical issues are appropriately addressed, AUTOGEN alone or in combination with other LLMs can be seen as a potent form of academic enhancement.
Cheerio Sign: An Easily Misinterpreted Radiologic Sign
Authors: Bertin D. Salguero, Omry Zuckerman, Jennifer Y. Fung, Javier Zulueta, Mary O’Sullivan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

"Cheerio Sign: An Easily Misinterpreted Radiologic Sign." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
Ethics Education for Healthcare Professionals in the Era of ChatGPT and Other Large Language Models: Do We Still Need It?
Authors: Vasiliki Rahimzadeh, Kristin Kostick-Quenet, Jennifer Blumenthal Barby, Amy L. McGuire
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

In this paper, we contend with whether we still need traditional ethics education as part of healthcare professional training given the abilities of chatGPT (generative pre-trained transformer) and other large language models (LLM). We reflect on common programmatic goals to assess the current strengths and limitations of LLMs in helping to build ethics competencies among future clinicians. Through an actual case analysis, we highlight areas in which chatGPT and other LLMs are conducive to common bioethics education goals. We also comment on where such technologies remain an imperfect substitute for human-led ethics teaching and learning. Finally, we conclude that the relative strengths of chatGPT warrant its consideration as a teaching and learning tool in ethics education in ways that account for current limitations and build in flexibility as the technology evolves.
Discovery of a highly potent and orally available importin-β1 inhibitor that overcomes enzalutamide-resistance in advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Jia-Luo Huang, Xue-Long Yan, Dong Huang, Lu Gan, Huahua Gao, Run-Zhu Fan, Shen Li, Fang-Yu Yuan, Xinying Zhu, Gui-Hua Tang, Hong-Wu Chen, Junjian Wang, Sheng Yin
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2023)

Nuclear transporter importin-β1 is emerging as an attractive target by virtue of its prevalence in many cancers. However, the lack of druggable inhibitors restricts its therapeutic proof of concept. In the present work, we optimized a natural importin-β1 inhibitor DD1 to afford an improved analog DD1-Br with better tolerability (>25 folds) and oral bioavailability. DD1-Br inhibited the survival of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells with sub-nanomolar potency and completely prevented tumor growth in resistant CRPC models both in monotherapy (0.5 mg/kg) and in enzalutamide-combination therapy. Mechanistic study revealed that by targeting importin-β1, DD1-Br markedly inhibited the nuclear accumulation of multiple CRPC drivers, particularly AR-V7, a main contributor to enzalutamide resistance, leading to the integral suppression of downstream oncogenic signaling. This study provides a promising lead for CRPC and demonstrates the potential of overcoming drug resistance in advanced CRPC via targeting importin-β1.