tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Enzalutamide is known to induce CYP3A4, and taxanes are metabolized by this enzymatic pathway. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to identify the influence of enzalutamide on cabazitaxel concentrations in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. Belderbos and colleagues found a clinically relevant reduction in cabazitaxel concentration of more than 20% when combined with enzalutamide. The combination was well tolerated, and PSA response levels were higher than expected in this heavily pretreated patient population. Studies with this drug combination are warranted, but investigators need to be aware of the demonstrated drug-drug interaction.Yang and colleagues demonstrate that SQSTM1 mediates EMT through the NF-κB pathway to promote nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metastasis. Inhibiting SQSTM1 enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin in NPC cells. Clinically, the authors found that high SQSTM1 expression is associated with increased risk of distant metastasis, and they propose a prognostic bio-model based on SQSTM1 and N classification to predict metastatic risk of NPC. Data from the prospective randomized study suggest that induction chemotherapy (IC) is only beneficial for the high-metastatic risk NPC patients but not for low- and intermediate-risk patients. This new bio-model is expected to promote precision in selecting suitable NPC patients for additional IC and avoid overtreatment.A number of studies report that T cells responding to the two oncoproteins E6 and E7 of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) can infiltrate the tumor microenvironment of patients with HPV-driven tumors. It has been speculated that these T cells might be important for tumor control. Welters and colleagues show how the presence of these HPV-specific T cells is associated with a completely different microenvironment and that intratumoral HPV-specific type 1 polarized T cells provide HPV16-positive oropharyngeal cancer patients with a 37-fold higher chance to respond favorably to standard therapy across all TNM stages. The results will fuel the discussion on deintensification of the standard therapy and potential applicable forms of immunotherapy.Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a form of castration-resistant prostate cancer for which there is minimal mechanistic understanding and no effective treatment. To explore the phenotypic changes that occur during the transition from the adenocarcinoma form to the neuroendocrine form of castration-resistant prostate cancer, Zhang and colleagues used bioinformatics analysis of RNA-seq data from human and PDX tissues to identify a mechanism-based molecular pathway that links MYCN to DNA damage response activities, i.e., the MYCN-PARP-DDR pathway. Identification of this pathway established a platform for the development of novel predictive and prognostic biomarkers and therapy targets for NEPC.
Serum antibodies in human pancreatic disease.
Authors: R Lendrum, G Walker
Journal: Gut (1975)

An immunofluorescent study of sera from patients with various pancreatic diseases and from controls was carried out using human pancreas as substrate. A reproducible pattern of immunofluorscence, consisting of a coarse granular appearance in the cytoplasm of acinar cells of the pancreas and independent of the ABO blood group system was found. This occurred in 21 of 61 patients with acute pancreatitis; it was not found in other pancreatic diseases, and occurred in only four of 170 control subjects consisting of mixed hospital patients and healthy adults. Preliminary absorption experiments suggest that the antigen is located in the microsomal fraction of pancreatic homogenates and may be organ-specific. The relationship of positive antibody tests to aetiological factors is discussed.
Characterization of a Transplantable Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Colon Producing Cachexia in Recipient Animals&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

MAC16 is a chemically induced, transplantable adenocarcinoma of the colon passaged in inbred NMRI mice. At small tumor burdens (<1% of the host weight), weight loss was observed without a reduction in food intake. As the tumor mass increased, weight loss also increased and reached 33% of host body weight in females and 20% in males when compared with the weight of age-matched controls. The reduction in host body weight was directly proportional to the tumor size and was reversible when the tumor was excised. There was a preferential loss of body fat in tumor-bearing animals with an increase in the plasma level of free fatty acids, although there was a minimal elevation of ketone bodies. Tumor growth was accompanied by progressive hypoglycemia and a reduction in the plasma insulin levels. The decrease in plasma insulin may have contributed to the catabolic effects of progressive tumor growth.
Ischemic Neoangiogenesis Enhanced by β <sub>2</sub> -Adrenergic Receptor Overexpression
Authors: Guido Iaccarino, Michele Ciccarelli, Daniela Sorriento, Gennaro Galasso, Alfonso Campanile, Gaetano Santulli, Ersilia Cipolletta, Vincenzo Cerullo, Vincenzo Cimini, Giovanna Giuseppina Altobelli, Federico Piscione, Ornella Priante, Lucio Pastore, Massimo Chiariello, Francesco Salvatore, Walter J. Koch, Bruno Trimarco
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

β 2 -Adrenergic receptors (β 2 ARs) are widely expressed, although their physiological relevance in many tissues is not yet fully understood. In vascular endothelial cells, they regulate NO release and vessel tone. Here we provide novel evidence that β 2 ARs can regulate neoangiogenesis in response to chronic ischemia. We used in vivo adenoviral-mediated gene transfer of the human β 2 AR to the endothelium of the rat femoral artery and increased β 2 AR signaling resulting in ameliorated angiographic blood flow and hindlimb perfusion after chronic ischemia. Histological analysis confirmed that β 2 AR overexpression also produced benefits on capillary density. The same maneuver partially rescued impaired angiogenesis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), whereas gene delivery of the G-protein–coupling defective mutant Ile164 β 2 AR failed to provide ameliorations. Stimulation of endogenous and overexpressed β 2 AR on endothelial cells in vitro was found to regulate cell number by inducing proliferation and [ 3 H]-thymidine incorporation through means of extracellular receptor-activated kinase and vascular endothelial growth factor. The β 2 AR also has novel effects on endothelial cell number through stimulation of proapoptosis and antiapoptosis pathways involving p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and PI3-kinase/Akt activation. Therefore, β 2 ARs play a critical role in endothelial cell proliferation and function including revascularization, suggesting a novel and physiologically relevant role in neoangiogenesis in response to ischemia.
Large-Dose Bleomycin Therapy and Pulmonary Toxicity
Authors: Melvin L. Samuels
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Bleomycin sulfate pulmonary toxicity was encountered in nine of 101 patients receiving high-dose therapy for widespread testicular cancer. The pulmonary presentation was separable into two categories: (1) an early or minimal form with dyspnea on exertion, minimal roentgenographic findings, and normal arterial partial pressure of oxygen at rest and (2) a severe form, with prominent roentgenographic findings and hypoxemia at rest. All five patients with the severe form died, while the remaining four patients with the minimal presentation recovered. Prior thoracic radiotherapy appeared to predispose to bleomycin pulmonary toxicity, as this complication developed in five of 12 patients receiving prior chest radiotherapy vs four of 89 not receiving radiotherapy (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). The fatality rate of 5% with high-dose bleomycin therapy is acceptable in view of the 75% response rate and substantially improved survival achieved with bleomycin combination chemotherapy in metastatic testicular cancer. (<i>JAMA</i>235:1117-1120, 1976)
Motivation and Visual Factors: Individual Studies of College Students
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Complete Sequence of the Mitochondrial Genome of the Honeybee Ectoparasite Mite Varroa destructor (Acari: Mesostigmata)
Authors: Maria M. Navajas Navarro, Yves Le Conte, M. Solignac, Sandrine Cros-Arteil, J.M. Cornuet
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)
Distribution and Properties of Lysosomal Enzymes in Untreated and in Irradiated Mouse Mammary-Gland Carcinomas&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Jose E. Paris, Ph.D., David Brandes, M.D., Elsa Anton, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

The subcellular distribution of various lysosomal hydrolases was investigated in C3H mammary carcinomas before and after X irradiation, and the results were correlated with electron-histochemical findings. Homogenates from irradiated tumors showed an increase of total activities and a shift from sedimentable toward unsedimentable activities. These biochemical changes were accompanied by an increase in the number and size of lysosomes in tumor cells and a moderate infiltration of phagocytic elements. Cytochemically, the tumor cells revealed an enhancement of activity of the Golgi elements and a development of primary lysosomes as well as dense bodies and autophagic vacuoles. The observed behavior is compatible with the idea that an intracellular shift of hydrolases toward areas of cytoplasmic degradation is related to the injurious attack by ionizing radiation.
Scavenging Effect of Butylated Hydroxytoluene on the Production of Free Radicals by the Reaction of Hydrogen Peroxide With &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Methyl-&lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;′-nitro-&lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-nitrosoguanidine&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Tomiko Mikuni, Masaharu Tatsuta, Mikiharu Kamachi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

The scavenging effects of the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on a hydroxyl free radical (·OH) produced in the reaction of H2O2 with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine [(MNNG) CAS: 70-25-7] and on free radicals derived from MNNG (·MNNG) were examined by electron spin resonance with the use of the spin-trapping agent 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide (DMPO). BHT was added to the H2O2-MNNG-DMPO system in 50% acetonitrile and exposed to a tungsten-halogen lamp at an intensity of 0.3 mW/cm2 for 3 minutes at 3°C for the first 2 minutes of irradiation. The amounts of ·OH and ·MNNG in the system decreased and reached constant levels with increase in BHT concentration. The spectrum of the H2O2-MNNG-BHT system showed the specific signal of BHT, whereas the spectra of the BHT solution and the H2O2-MNNG system did not show any signal. These findings indicate that BHT scavenged ·OH and ·MNNG, and in its reaction with them formed a stable free radical.
The Increasing Frequency of -Lactamase-Producing Haemophilus influenzae B
Authors: J. D. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The first strains of ampicillin-resistant<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>in Dallas were recognized in1975. Since that time all clinical isolates of<i>H influenzae</i>in the microbiology laboratories of Children's Medical Center and Parkland Memorial Hospital have been tested for β-lactamase production by the tube method of Catlin<sup>1</sup>or by the paper strip method of Jorgensen et al.<sup>2</sup> Complete and accurate data are available only for strains from pediatric patients with meningitis and arthritis (Table). There has been a steady progression of increased frequency of β-lactamase-producing strains of from 3% to 6% per year to a current level of 22%. All strains were type B. Not included in the Table is a type D, biotype 2 strain, which was β-lactamase positive; it was isolated from a leukemic patient whose condition was bacteremic but who did not have meningitis or arthritis. Included are two strains from a patient in 1978 whose initial CSF isolate was β-lactamase negative. After 24 hours of ampicillin and chloramphenicol therapy, the CSF was sterile, and chloramphenicol therapy
Accidents and All-Terrain Vehicles
Authors: George W. Trager
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Our hospital is located 5 miles from one of the major all-terrain vehicle (ATV) riding spots in southern California, and we are therefore able to expand considerably on the data presented by Cogbill et al<sup>1</sup>in the Aug 23/30 issue of<i>JAMA</i>. Since Jan 1, 1984, we have analyzed all patients who entered our emergency area as a result of an accident they had while riding an ATV. As of July 1, 1985, we have a sample of 144 patients, 35 (24%) female and 109 male. Patient ages range from 3 to 76 years, with most (94) between 16 and 30 years. Forty-four (30%) of the patients ultimately were admitted to the hospital, and 13 of these needed an operation. Two patients died, two have sequelae of major head injury (seizures in one and gait disturbance in another), and one patient lost a finger from his dominant
A Laboratory Manual of Neuro-Anatomy.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Drug-Induced Cutaneous Reactions
Authors: Michael Bigby
Journal: JAMA (1986)

We analyzed the data on 15 438 consecutive medical inpatients monitored by the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program from June 1975 to June 1982 to determine the rates of allergic cutaneous reactions to drugs introduced since 1975 and to confirm and extend findings from an earlier study of the preceding 22 227 patients. There were 358 reactions occurring in 347 patients, for an overall reaction rate among patients of 2.2%. Each patient received a mean of eight different drugs. Rashes were attributed to 51 drugs, and 75% of the allergic cutaneous reactions were attributed to antibiotics, blood products, and inhaled mucolytics. Amoxicillin (51.4 reactions per 1000 patients exposed), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (33.8/1000), and ampicillin (33.2/1000) had the highest reaction rates. Drug-specific reaction rates ranged from zero to 51.4 per 1000 and were determined for 180 drugs or drug groups. These results provide physicians with quantitative data that will be helpful in clinical decision making when drug-induced exanthems, urticaria, or generalized pruritus occurs. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:3358-3363)
FAS-L, IL-10, and double-negative CD4−CD8− TCR α/β+ T cells are reliable markers of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) associated with FAS loss of function
Authors: Aude Magerus-Chatinet, Marie-Claude Stolzenberg, Maria S. Loffredo, Bénédicte Neven, Catherine Schaffner, Nicolas Ducrot, Peter D. Arkwright, Brigitte Bader-Meunier, José Barbot, Stéphane Blanche, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Marianne Debré, Alina Ferster, Claire Fieschi, Benoit Florkin, Claire Galambrun, Olivier Hermine, Olivier Lambotte, Eric Solary, Caroline Thomas, Francoise Le Deist, Capucine Picard, Alain Fischer, Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
Journal: Blood (2009)
Births and Deaths in England and Wales in 1965
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Births and Deaths in England andWales in 1965The infant mortality rate in England and Wales fell to a new low figure in 1965, being 19.0 per thousand live births, compared with 19.9 in 1964.The stillbirth rate at 15.7 par thousand total births was also a record low figure.The live birth rate was 18.1 per thousand population, which is much the same as in the previous two years.The death rate was 11.5 per thousand population and has not altered appreciably for ten years.These are provisional statistics issued by the Registrar-General.
Dietary treatment of active Crohn's disease
Authors: J A Walker-Smith, T S King, J T Woolner, J O Hunter, N. Wight, B. B Scott
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Nicotine replacement therapy should be prescribable on NHSEditor-I welcome the publication of the open letter to the prime minister about tobacco-the most important preventable cause of death in Europe. 1 As Jo E Asvall points out in the letter, tobacco control demands the support of, and action by, the total government, not just the Department of Health.Among the actions Asvall calls for is that "support for smoking cessation is made widely available, particularly through primary health care professionals, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists."Nicotine replacement therapy (nicotine gum, patches, nasal spray, and oral inhaler) is now fully established as an effective adjunct to such professional advice and support.Systematic review of many trials has shown a doubling of sustained smoking cessation when nicotine replacement therapy is compared with placebo. 2 The offer of nicotine patches to motivated subjects for a week in the first instance could be a useful policy. 3 But the recommendation of such therapy by health professionals and the use of such therapy by smokers are severely limited by NHS "blacklisting."I can prescribe on the NHS for alcohol problems and even obesity.I can also prescribe for tobacco addiction-but only products of unproved efficacy for this problem, such as tranquillisers and antidepressants, not one of proved effectiveness.Why not nicotine replacement therapy?So much for evidence based medicine.
Urinary Polyamine Excretion During Growth and Regression of 7,12-Dimethylbenz[&lt;italic&gt;a&lt;/italic&gt;]anthracene-Induced Rat Mammary Carcinoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

The correlation of urinary excretion of polyamines and tumor mass was examined with the use of a controlled experimental model. Mammary carcinoma growth was induced in Sprague-Dawley virgin rats by intragastric administration of 7,12dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Tumors were palpable after about 45 days. After a period of growth, regression of the estrogen-dependent tumors was induced by bilateral ovariectomy. Tumor volume and 24-hour urinary excretion of polyamines were measured during the course of tumor growth and regression. Urinary polyamines were analyzed after acid hydrolysis to determine the total amount of bound and free polyamines. Putrescine excretion followed closely the changes in tumor volume during the course of tumor growth and regression. Urinary spermidine excretion, however, remained essentially unchanged in ovariectomized rats; spermine was barely detectable in any of the urines. There was a high positive correlation between the 24-hour urinary putrescine excretion and urine volume. In nonovariectomized rats. the mammary tumor(s) continued to grow. An unexpected result of the advanced tumor progression was that urinary excretion of both putrescine and spermidine decreased steadily with time as did urine volume. This phenomenon may be due to the fact that tumor-bearing rats develop a state of overt malnutrition, involving complex disturbances of the host metabolism, manifested in decreasing body weight.
Coronary Heart Disease, Exercise Testing and Cardiac Rehabilitation.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

This volume is an update and expanded sequel to the first edition, published in 1972.It tries to offer a "perspective of the approaches important for thinking about problems in infectious diseases and caring for patients".In keeping with this objective, this book is not a "cookbook" dealing with all the eventualities of the field of clinical infectious disease.The editors have devoted the first eight chapters to basic host defences, microbial virulence factors, and the interaction of the two that leads to clinically apparent disease.A new chapter on clinical epidemiology clarifies this approach to disease states for the nonepidemiologist.The ensuing six chapters deal with the signs and symptoms by which various infectious agents may be suspected clinically, including acute and prolonged fever, septic shock, and the dermatologic and hematologic manifestations of infection.A review of the many factors that influence the rate of recovery from infection raises useful points for evaluation of patients' response to therapy.Thirteen chapters detail selected problems in clinical infectious diseases, which include viral respiratory infections, infectious mononucleosis, acute and chronic pulmonary infections, urinary tract infections, hepatitis, meningitis and endocarditis.New to this volume are chapters
Comparative Effects of Steroids on Skin Maintained in Organ Culture. II. Estradiol, Progesterone, and Testosterone&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R. W. Gillette, D. Goulian, Jr., H. Conway
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

Full-thickness, auricular skin from adult mice was maintained in organ culture for 1–5 weeks. The effects of estradiol benzoate, testosterone, and progesterone incorporated in the culture medium were studied, and the ability of skin to function as an autograft after treatment with these steroids was compared. The gross and microscopic changes produced by these compounds were studied. Wet and dry weights were compared for the skin maintained for different lengths of time with, the steroids added to the medium. Skin treated with progesterone functioned successfully as autografts after up to 5 weeks in organ culture. Testosterone obtained results essentially similar to those previously reported for cortisone. Estradiol, on the other hand, somewhat reduced the time the tissue could be held in vitro and still function as an autograft. In addition, it enhanced the loss of the architectural integrity of the skin in vitro. Progesterone and, to a lesser extent, testosterone protected the normal histologic features of the cultured skin. The significance of these results in terms of the dichotomy of structural integrity and functional ability is discussed.