tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Engineered Living Oriented Electrospun Fibers Regulate Stem Cell Para‐Secretion and Differentiation to Promote Spinal Cord Repair
Authors: Jingzhi Xu, Kun Xi, Jincheng Tang, Juan Wang, Yunkai Tang, Liang Wu, Yichang Xu, Zonghan Xu, Liang Chen, Wenguo Cui, Yong Gu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Abstract Living biomaterials directly couple with live cells to synthesize functional molecules and respond to dynamic environments, allowing the design, construction and application of next generation composite materials. Improving the coordination and communication between artificial materials and living cells is essential. In this study, collagen self‐assembly and micro‐sol electrospinning techniques are used to prepare oriented living fiber bundles that can increase the transplantation rate of stem cells in the early stages of inflammation, indirectly enhancing the dynamic regulation of stem cells during inflammation. Additionally, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) contained in the fiber can improve the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into neurons once the inflammatory storm subsides. The living oriented fiber bundles fully simulate the 3D structure of the central nervous system, activate integrin β 1, promote the growth and adhesion of stem cells in the acute stage of inflammation, upregulate anti‐inflammatory genes by more than twofold via BMSCs in response to inflammation, and stably release BDNF for up to 4 weeks post‐inflammation storm subsidence. Finally, the BDNF induces the differentiation of BMSCs to neurons by enhancing the expression of neural‐related genes, which enables the recovery of neurological functions in the later stages of spinal cord injury.
Anesthesiologist Staffing Ratio and Surgical Outcome—Reply
Authors: Sachin Kheterpal, Michael L. Burns, George A. Mashour
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Anesthesiologist Staffing Ratio and Surgical Outcome
Authors: Jeroen Hermanides, Patrick Schober, Hans J. Avis
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Management Challenges in Patients Younger Than 65 Years With Severe Aortic Valve Disease
Authors: Jayson R. Baman, Ankit N. Medhekar, S. Chris Malaisrie, Patrick McCarthy, Charles J. Davidson, Robert O. Bonow
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2022)

The management of aortic valve disease, including aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation (AR), in younger adult patients (age <65 years) is complex, and the optimal strategy is often unclear, contingent on multiple anatomic and holistic factors.Traditional surgical approaches carry significant considerations, including compulsory lifelong anticoagulation for patients who receive a mechanical aortic valve replacement (AVR) and the risk of structural valvular deterioration and need for subsequent valve intervention in those who receive a bioprosthetic AVR. These factors are magnified in young adults who are considering pregnancy, for whom issues of anticoagulation and valve longevity are heightened. The Ross procedure has emerged as a promising alternative; however, its adoption is limited to highly specialized centers. Valve repair is an option for selected patients with AR. These treatment options offer varying degrees of durability and are associated with different risks and complications, especially for younger adult patients. Patient-centered care from a multidisciplinary valve team allows for discussion of the optimal timing of intervention and the advantages and disadvantages of the various treatment options.The management of severe aortic valve disease in adults younger than 65 years is complex, and there are numerous considerations with each management decision. While mechanical AVR and bioprosthetic AVR have historically been the standards of care, other options are emerging for selected patients but are not yet generalizable beyond specialized surgical centers. A detailed discussion by members of the multidisciplinary heart team and the patient is an integral part of the shared decision-making process.
Single-cell sortChIC identifies hierarchical chromatin dynamics during hematopoiesis
Authors: Peter Zeller, Jake Yeung, Helena Viñas Gaza, Buys Anton de Barbanson, Vivek Bhardwaj, Maria Florescu, Reinier van der Linden, Alexander van Oudenaarden
Journal: Nature Genetics (2022)

Abstract Post-translational histone modifications modulate chromatin activity to affect gene expression. How chromatin states underlie lineage choice in single cells is relatively unexplored. We develop sort-assisted single-cell chromatin immunocleavage (sortChIC) and map active (H3K4me1 and H3K4me3) and repressive (H3K27me3 and H3K9me3) histone modifications in the mouse bone marrow. During differentiation, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) acquire active chromatin states mediated by cell-type-specifying transcription factors, which are unique for each lineage. By contrast, most alterations in repressive marks during differentiation occur independent of the final cell type. Chromatin trajectory analysis shows that lineage choice at the chromatin level occurs at the progenitor stage. Joint profiling of H3K4me1 and H3K9me3 demonstrates that cell types within the myeloid lineage have distinct active chromatin but share similar myeloid-specific heterochromatin states. This implies a hierarchical regulation of chromatin during hematopoiesis: heterochromatin dynamics distinguish differentiation trajectories and lineages, while euchromatin dynamics reflect cell types within lineages.
Association of <i>PCSK9</i> Loss-of-Function Variants With Risk of Heart Failure
Authors: Linea C. Trudsø, Jonas Ghouse, Gustav Ahlberg, Henning Bundgaard, Morten S. Olesen
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2022)

An animal (mouse) study indicated that deficiency of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) causes cardiac remodeling and heart failure (HF). Cardiac remodeling after PCSK9-inhibitor treatment is a concern for patients and for development of treatment directed against PCSK9.To determine whether genetic variants in the PCSK9 gene are associated with altered cardiac structure, cardiac function, and HF in humans.This was a nested case-control study within the UK Biobank. Between March 13, 2006, and October 1, 2010, the UK Biobank enrolled 502 480 individuals aged 40 to 69 years. This study focused on a subset of those individuals, who completed cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and had available genetic data. Analyses were conducted between November 2, 2021, and October 28, 2022.Carrier status of predicted loss-of-function (pLoF) PCSK9 variants, R46L missense variant, and a genetic risk score (GRS).A total of 11 CMR imaging measurements, generated using a machine learning algorithm, and HF diagnosis.In up to 35 135 individuals with CMR images, 18 252 (52%) were female individuals, and mean (SD) age was 55.0 (7.4) years. No significant association between PCSK9 carrier status and CMR indices were found for left ventricular mass (pLoF: β = -1.01; 95% CI, -2.99 to 0.98; P = .32; R46L: β = -0.18; 95% CI, -0.55 to 0.19; P = .35; GRS: β = -0.19; 95% CI, -0.50 to 0.11; P = .22) and left ventricular ejection fraction (pLoF: β = 0.43; 95% CI, -1.32 to 2.18; P = .63; R46L: β = -0.19; 95% CI, -0.52 to 0.14; P = .26; GRS: β = -0.08; 95% CI, -0.35 to 0.20; P = .58) or HF (pLoF: odds ratio [OR], 1.14; 95% CI, 0.56-2.05; P = .69; R46L: OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.90-1.10; P = .91; GRS: OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.96-1.13; P = .32).Results of this case-control study suggest that there was no association between PCSK9 genetic variants and altered cardiac structure, cardiac function, or HF in humans.
Functionalized Collagen/Elastin‐like Polypeptide Hydrogels for Craniofacial Bone Regeneration
Authors: Pallabi Pal, Michelle A. Tucci, Lir‐Wan Fan, Ratna Bollavarapu, Jonathan W. Lee, Susana M. Salazar Marocho, Amol V. Janorkar
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Critical-sized cranial bone defects fail to re-ossify and require the surgical intervention of cranioplasty. To achieve superior bone healing in such cases, a hydrogel consisting of an interpenetrating network of collagen and elastin-like polypeptide to encapsulate bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), doxycycline, and 45S5 Bioglass is developed. This hydrogel has an appropriate elastic modulus of 39 ± 2.2 kPa to allow proper handling during implantation. The hydrogel promotes human adipose-derived stem attachment, proliferation, and differentiation toward the osteogenic lineage, including the deposition of hydroxyapatite particles embedded within a collagenous fibrillar structure after 21 days of in vitro culture. After eight weeks of implantation of the acellular hydrogel in a critical-sized rat cranial defect model, only a small quantity of various pro-inflammatory (< 20 pg mg-1 ) and anti-inflammatory (< 10 pg mg-1 ) factors in the adjacent cranial tissue is noticed, indicating the overall biocompatibility of the hydrogel. Scanning electron microscopy evidenced the presence of new fibrous extracellular matrix and mineral aggregates at the defect site, with calcium/phosphorus ratio of 0.5 and 2.0 by eight and twelve weeks, respectively. Microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT) and histological analyses showed formation of mature mineralized tissue that bridged with the surrounding bone. Taken together, the acellular composite hydrogel shows great promise for superior bone healing after cranioplasty.
Human papillomavirus vaccination and cervical cancer risk
Authors: Lisa Rahangdale, Chemtai Mungo, Siobhan O’Connor, Carla J Chibwesha, Noel T Brewer
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Persistent human papillomavirus infection is the central cause of cervical cancer, the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Clear evidence from both randomized trials and population based studies shows that vaccination against human papillomavirus reduces the incidence of cervical pre-cancer. These data suggest that the vaccine reduces the incidence of cervical cancer. However, human papillomavirus vaccine coverage is inadequate in all countries, especially in low and middle income countries where disease burden is highest. Supply side strategies to improve coverage include increasing the availability of low cost vaccines, school located delivery, single dose vaccine schedules, and development of vaccines that do not need refrigeration. Demand side strategies include enhancing provider recommendations, correcting misinformation, and public awareness campaigns. The near elimination of cervical cancer is achievable through increased uptake of human papillomavirus vaccination and efforts to increase screening for cervical cancer, especially when enacted to reduce disparities in across the world.
Anesthesiologist Staffing Ratio and Surgical Outcome
Authors: Deepak Gupta
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Errors in Abstract and Results and Addition of Corresponding Author and Acknowledgments
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Irini Youssef, MD; Jennifer Yoon, MD; Nader Mohamed, BA; Kaveh Zakeri, MD, MAS; Robert H. Press, MD; Linda Chen, MD; Daphna Y. Gelblum, MD; Sean M. McBride, MD, MPH; Chiaojung Jillian Tsai, MD, PhD; Nadeem Riaz, MD; Yao Yu, MD; Marc A. Cohen, MD; Lara Ann Dunn, MD; Alan L. Ho, MD; Richard J. Wong, MD; Loren S. Michel, MD; Jay O. Boyle, MD; Bhuvanesh Singh, MD, PhD; Anuja Kriplani, MD; Ian Ganly, MD, PhD; Eric J. Sherman, MD; David G. Pfister, MD; James Fetten, MD; Nancy Y. Lee, MD
A call to action
Authors: Ryan Essex
Journal: BMJ (2022)

While it is always time to act 1 it can be hard to know where or how to start in a world facing unprecedented crises.This can understandably be demoralising and frustrating.There is one form of action however which stands to act as a remedy and as it turns out, it was right in front of us the entire time: the call to action.A title, abstract and keyword search (with no date restrictions applied) of Scopus for "call to action" in October this year yielded 6,010 results.A full text search of the BMJ utilising the same 'search strategy' yielded 6,349 results.With at least 6,000 articles in The BMJ's archive, the call for action is clearly a durable and important facet of medicine that has pre-occupied doctors and researchers for decades.In fact, one of the first calls to action recorded in the BMJ occurred in 1913 2 .Looking to more recent history, calls to action have been made for a range of important reasons, including calls to prioritise patient experience in nursing practice 3 , to
A Call for the United States to Accelerate the Implementation of Reliever Combination Inhaled Corticosteroid–Formoterol Inhalers in Asthma
Authors: James G. Krings, Joe K. Gerald, Kathryn V. Blake, Jerry A. Krishnan, Helen K. Reddel, Leonard B. Bacharier, Anne E. Dixon, Kaharu Sumino, Lynn B. Gerald, Ross C. Brownson, Stephen D. Persell, Conrad J. Clemens, Katherine M. Hiller, Mario Castro, Fernando D. Martinez
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

"A Call for the United States to Accelerate the Implementation of Reliever Combination Inhaled Corticosteroid–Formoterol Inhalers in Asthma." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 207(4), pp. 390–405
A novel tRNA-derived fragment tRF-3022b modulates cell apoptosis and M2 macrophage polarization via binding to cytokines in colorectal cancer
Authors: Sicheng Lu, Xiaoman Wei, Lihuiping Tao, Dan Dong, Wenlong Hu, Qinchang Zhang, Yuquan Tao, Chengtao Yu, Dongdong Sun, Haibo Cheng
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2022)

Abstract tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are a class of small RNAs that occur when tRNAs are broken down by enzymes due to stress. Increasing reports have shown that tRFs are associated with multiple physiological and pathological processes, especially in cancers; however, very little is known of the effects and mechanisms of tRFs. Therefore, further investigation on the biological roles and clinical value of tRFs is required. In this study, we utilized whole-transcriptome sequencing to profile tRFs expression in the tissues and plasma exosomes of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Three tRFs (tRF-3022b, tRF-3030b and tRF-5008b) showed an increasing trend in CRC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. They also tended to be elevated in plasma exosomes of CRC patients compared to healthy controls. These results indicated that they may be upregulated in cancer cells and then secreted by exosomes. The knockdown of tRF-regulated factors such as AlkB homolog 3 (ALKBH3), tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1 (DNMT2), angiogenin (ANG), and argonaute RISC catalytic component 2 (AGO2) could affect the expression of tRFs. Notably, we found that the decrease in the three tRFs arrests the progression of the CRC cell cycle and induces cell apoptosis. Silencing tRF-3022b could facilitate M2 macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, we found that tRF-3022b binds to galectin 1 (LGALS1) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in CRC cells and reduces polarization by regulating MIF in M2 macrophages. In conclusion, our study revealed the expression pattern of tRFs in both tissue and plasma exosomes and identified a novel tRF, tRF-3022b, which may affect CRC tumor growth and M2 macrophage polarization by binding to LGALS1 and MIF.
Global health nonsense
Authors: Felix Stein, Katerini Tagmatarchi Storeng, Antoine de Bengy Puyvallée
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Global health discourse that either underinforms or misinforms its audience is "global health nonsense." Such nonsense is widespread, and jeopardises improvement in global health governance, argue <b>Stein</b>, <b>Storeng</b>, and <b>de Bengy Puyvallée</b>
Fetal monitoring in labour: summary and update of NICE guidance
Authors: Josie O’Heney, Sophie McAllister, Michael Maresh, Maggie Blott
Journal: BMJ (2022)

### What you need to know The NHS must support high quality, safe care for women and babies, ensuring that the woman or birthing person is empowered to make decisions about their care. However, in recent years multiple reports have highlighted concerns about care in labour12 and safety concerns over inconsistent approaches to cardiotocograph (CTG) categorisation, with three different classifications in use.345 This article summarises recommendations from the recent update of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline on fetal monitoring in labour.6 The update includes an evidence review for fetal blood sampling and recommendations on fetal monitoring based on the Guideline Committee's experience and opinion. Simplifying the categorisation of CTGs, with an emphasis on regular assessment and checking on “How is the baby?”, is in line with the work of the Avoiding Brain Injury in Childbirth (ABC) collaboration by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Royal College of Midwives, The Healthcare Improvement Studies (THIS) Institute7 and recent opinion8 (see box 1). Box 1 ### Changes in cardiotocograph (CTG) terminology The Guideline Committee considered it important that CTG terminology was clear and in harmony with the Avoiding Brain Injury in Childbirth initiative7 to ensure nationwide uniformity. The GC advised the following:RETURN TO TEXT
Bone Density Scan
Authors: Beverly Greenspan
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correlation between Fibrin Fibrillation Kinetics and the Resulting Fibrin Network Microstructure
Authors: Katja Pietsch, Lisa Storm‐Johannsen, Antonia Schmidt‐Thomée, Tilo Pompe
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Fibrin, the prominent extracellular matrix in early wound tissue, is discussed to influence immune cells and healing. The nature of fibrinogen/fibrin to form fibrillary networks is frequently exploited to engineer microenvironments for cellular analysis. This study focuses on revealing the correlation of fibril formation kinetic and the resulting network microstructure of engineered 3D fibrin networks. Different concentrations of fibrinogen (1-3 mg mL