tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Simulation of New York City’s Ventilator Allocation Guideline During the Spring 2020 COVID-19 Surge
Authors: B. Corbett Walsh, Jianan Zhu, Yang Feng, Kenneth A. Berkowitz, Rebecca A. Betensky, Mark E. Nunnally, Deepak R. Pradhan
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

The spring 2020 surge of COVID-19 unprecedentedly strained ventilator supply in New York City, with many hospitals nearly exhausting available ventilators and subsequently seriously considering enacting crisis standards of care and implementing New York State Ventilator Allocation Guidelines (NYVAG). However, there is little evidence as to how NYVAG would perform if implemented.To evaluate the performance and potential improvement of NYVAG during a surge of patients with respect to the length of rationing, overall mortality, and worsening health disparities.This cohort study included intubated patients in a single health system in New York City from March through July 2020. A total of 20 000 simulations were conducted of ventilator triage (10 000 following NYVAG and 10 000 following a proposed improved NYVAG) during a crisis period, defined as the point at which the prepandemic ventilator supply was 95% utilized.The NYVAG protocol for triage ventilators.Comparison of observed survival rates with simulations of scenarios requiring NYVAG ventilator rationing.The total cohort included 1671 patients; of these, 674 intubated patients (mean [SD] age, 63.7 [13.8] years; 465 male [69.9%]) were included in the crisis period, with 571 (84.7%) testing positive for COVID-19. Simulated ventilator rationing occurred for 163.9 patients over 15.0 days, 44.4% (95% CI, 38.3%-50.0%) of whom would have survived if provided a ventilator while only 34.8% (95% CI, 28.5%-40.0%) of those newly intubated patients receiving a reallocated ventilator survived. While triage categorization at the time of intubation exhibited partial prognostic differentiation, 94.8% of all ventilator rationing occurred after a time trial. Within this subset, 43.1% were intubated for 7 or more days with a favorable SOFA score that had not improved. An estimated 60.6% of these patients would have survived if sustained on a ventilator. Revising triage subcategorization, proposed improved NYVAG, would have improved this alarming ventilator allocation inefficiency (25.3% [95% CI, 22.1%-28.4%] of those selected for ventilator rationing would have survived if provided a ventilator). NYVAG ventilator rationing did not exacerbate existing health disparities.In this cohort study of intubated patients experiencing simulated ventilator rationing during the apex of the New York City COVID-19 2020 surge, NYVAG diverted ventilators from patients with a higher chance of survival to those with a lower chance of survival. Future efforts should be focused on triage subcategorization, which improved this triage inefficiency, and ventilator rationing after a time trial, when most ventilator rationing occurred.
Risk of Gastrointestinal Adverse Events Associated With Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss
Authors: Mohit Sodhi, Ramin Rezaeianzadeh, Abbas Kezouh, Mahyar Etminan
Journal: JAMA (2023)

This database study examines the association between glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists (eg, semaglutide, liraglutide) used for weight loss and reports of gastrointestinal adverse events.
18F-FDG PET/CT Findings in Monkeypox Infection in an HIV Patient
Authors: Begoña Manzarbeitia-Arroba, Sebastian Ruiz-Solis, Diana Vega-Perez, Pilar Garcia-Alonso, Maria Jose Tabuenca
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

A 29-year-old man diagnosed with monkeypox infection underwent an 18 F-FDG PET/CT for the study of organic involvement in the context of a nonsatisfactory clinical evolution. He had a history of HIV (with undetectable viral load). FDG PET/CT showed multiple hypermetabolic lymphadenopathies and bilateral pulmonary nodules with mild 18 F-FDG uptake.
Invasive Endotyping in Patients With Angina and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Novalia P. Sidik, Bethany Stanley, Robert Sykes, Andrew J. Morrow, Conor P. Bradley, Michael McDermott, Thomas J. Ford, Giles Roditi, Allister Hargreaves, David Stobo, Jacqueline Adams, John Byrne, Ahmed Mahrous, Robin Young, David Carrick, Ross McGeoch, David Corcoran, Ninian N. Lang, Robert Heggie, Olivia Wu, Margaret B. McEntegart, Alex McConnachie, Colin Berry
Journal: Circulation (2023)

We investigated the usefulness of invasive coronary function testing to diagnose the cause of angina in patients with no obstructive coronary arteries.
Characterization of Anxiety-Like Behaviors and Neural Circuitry following Chronic Moderate Noise Exposure in Mice
Authors: Xiaoqi Peng, Yunfeng Mao, Yingju Tai, Bin Luo, Qian Dai, Xiyang Wang, Hao Wang, Yue Liang, Ruirui Guan, Chunhua Liu, Yiping Guo, Lin Chen, Zhi Zhang, Haitao Wang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2023)

Commonly encountered nontraumatic, moderate noise is increasingly implicated in anxiety; however, the neural substrates underlying this process remain unclear.We investigated the neural circuit mechanism through which chronic exposure to moderate-level noise causes anxiety-like behaviors.Mice were exposed to chronic, moderate white noise [85 decibel (dB) sound pressure level (SPL)], 4 h/d for 4 wk to induce anxiety-like behaviors, which were assessed by open field, elevated plus maze, light-dark box, and social interaction tests. Viral tracing, immunofluorescence confocal imaging, and brain slice patch-clamp recordings were used to characterize projections from auditory brain regions to the lateral amygdala. Neuronal activities were characterized by in vivo multielectrode and fiber photometry recordings in awake mice. Optogenetics and chemogenetics were used to manipulate specific neural circuitry.Mice chronically (4 wk) exposed to moderate noise (85 dB SPL, 4 h/d) demonstrated greater neuronal activity in the lateral amygdala (LA), and the LA played a critical role in noise-induced anxiety-like behavior in these model mice. Viral tracing showed that the LA received monosynaptic projections from the medial geniculate body (MG) and auditory cortex (ACx). Optogenetic excitation of the MG→LA or ACx→LA circuits acutely evoked anxiety-like behaviors, whereas their chemogenetic inactivation abolished noise-induced anxiety-like behavior. Moreover, mice chronically exposed to moderate noise were more susceptible to acute stress, with more neuronal firing in the LA, even after noise withdrawal.Mice exposed to 4 wk of moderate noise (85 dB SPL, 4 h/d) demonstrated behavioral and physiological differences compared to controls. The neural circuit mechanisms involved greater excitation from glutamatergic neurons of the MG and ACx to LA neurons under chronic, moderate noise exposure, which ultimately promoted anxiety-like behaviors. Our findings support the hypothesis that nontraumatic noise pollution is a potentially serious but unrecognized public health concern. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12532.
Adolescent Total and Mental Health–Related Emergency Department Visits During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sofia B. Villas-Boas, Scott Kaplan, Justin S. White, Renee Y. Hsia
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Previous research has assessed changes in pediatric and adolescent health care utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, less is known regarding how the pandemic affected adolescents' use of emergency care, specifically for mental health (MH).To determine how adolescents (ages 12-17 years), compared with other age groups, sought help in emergency departments (EDs) in general and for MH conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic.In this cross-sectional study, National Syndromic Surveillance Program data and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Mental Health, version 1, query were used to track patterns in weekly adolescent ED visits by region across the 10 US Department of Health and Human Services regions from January 2019 through December 2021. Data analysis was performed in April and May 2023.Total ED visits, MH-related ED visits, and the proportion of total ED visits that were MH related by week-region.Both weekly regional ED visits and MH-related ED visits dropped after the onset of the pandemic. Because total ED visits dropped more than MH-related ED visits, the proportion of MH-related ED visits increased for the adolescent group. Total ED visits only returned to prepandemic weekly levels (2019: mean [range], 7358 [715-25 908] visits) in the middle of 2021 (overall in 2021: mean [range], 6210 [623-25 777] visits). Mental health-related visits also dropped in 2020 but rebounded to prepandemic weekly levels (2019: mean [range], 634 [56-1703] visits) by the end of 2020 (mean [range], 533 [39-1800] visits).This cross-sectional study suggests that families' perceptions of the need for emergent MH care were reduced during the pandemic by less than their perception of the need for emergency care overall. Emergency departments should be equipped to provide critical care specifically for adolescents facing MH emergencies.
The influence of microbiota on ferroptosis in intestinal diseases
Authors: Ting Yao, Lanjuan Li
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

Ferroptosis is a distinctive form of iron-dependent necrotic cell death, characterized by excessive lipid peroxidation on cellular membranes and compromised cellular antioxidant defenses. Multiple metabolic pathways, including iron and lipid metabolism, as well as antioxidant systems, contribute to the execution of ferroptosis. The gut microbiota exerts regulatory effects on ferroptosis through its microbial composition, biological functions, and metabolites. Notably, most pathogenic bacteria tend to promote ferroptosis, thereby inducing or exacerbating diseases, while most probiotics have been shown to protect against cell death. Given microbiota colonization in the gut, an intimate association is found between intestinal diseases and microbiota. This review consolidates the essential aspects of ferroptotic processes, emphasizing key molecules and delineating the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and ferroptosis. Moreover, this review underscores the potential utility of gut microbiota modulation in regulating ferroptosis for the treatment of intestinal diseases.
Telehealth group Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) in primary brain tumor: Primary outcomes from a single-arm phase II feasibility and proof-of-concept trial
Authors: Ashlee R Loughan, Autumn Lanoye, Kelcie D Willis, Amber Fox, Scott G Ravyts, Alicia Zukas, Youngdeok Kim
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2023)

Abstract Background Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I), the frontline treatment for insomnia, has yet to be evaluated among patients with primary brain tumors (PwPBT) despite high prevalence of sleep disturbance in this population. This study aimed to be the first to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and acceptability of implementing telehealth group CBT-I as well as assessing preliminary changes in subjective sleep metrics in PwPBT from baseline to follow-up. Methods Adult PwPBT were recruited to participate in six 90-min telehealth group CBT-I sessions. Feasibility was assessed by rates of screening, eligibility, enrollment, and data completion. Safety was measured by participant-reported adverse events. Acceptability was assessed by retention, session attendance, satisfaction, recommendation of program to others, and qualitative feedback. Participant subjective insomnia severity, sleep quality, and fatigue were assessed at baseline, post intervention, and 3-month follow-up. Results Telehealth group CBT-I was deemed safe. Following the 76% screening rate, 85% of interested individuals met study eligibility and 98% enrolled (N = 44). Ninety-one percent of enrolled participants completed measures at baseline, 79% at post intervention, and 73% at 3-month follow-up. Overall, there was an 80% retention rate for the 6-session telehealth group CBT-I intervention. All participants endorsed moderate-to-strong treatment adherence and 97% reported improved sleep. Preliminary pre–post intervention effects demonstrated improvements in subjective insomnia severity, sleep quality, and fatigue with large effect sizes. These effects were maintained at follow-up. Conclusions Results of this proof-of-concept trial indicate that telehealth group CBT-I is feasible, safe, and acceptable among PwPBT, providing support for future randomized controlled pilot trials.
Guselkumab induction therapy demonstrates long-lasting efficacy in patients with mild psoriasis, results from a randomized, placebo-controlled exploratory clinical trial
Authors: Jannik Rousel, Menthe E. Bergmans, Laura W.J. van der Meulen, Lisa Pagan, Digna T. de Bruin, Marieke L. de Kam, Naomi B. Klarenbeek, Joke A. Bouwstra, Marieke M.B. Seyger, Juul M.P.A. van den Reek, Tessa Niemeyer-van der Kolk, Robert Rissmann, Martijn B.A. van Doorn
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2023)

To the Editor: Biologics are rapidly becoming the standard of care for managing moderate-to-severe psoriasis but remain unavailable for patients with mild psoriasis. After exhausting topical treatment options, these patients are commonly left without effective treatment modalities due to the unfavorable benefit-to-risk profile associated with systemic treatments and high costs of biologics.1 A "hit hard and early" approach for patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis has been proposed that holds prospects of long-term disease modification.
Solid and hematological malignancies in patients with bullous pemphigoid: A national cohort study
Authors: Outi Varpuluoma, Jari Jokelainen, Laura Huilaja, Kaisa Tasanen
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2023)

To the Editor: Previous studies have not confirmed or ruled out an association between cancers and bullous pemphigoid (BP).1,2 We performed a population-based case-controlled study to investigate this proposed association.
Assessing the ability of an artificial intelligence chatbot to translate dermatopathology reports into patient-friendly language: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Yuying Zhang, Ryan Chen, Dan Nguyen, Stephanie Choi, Colleen Gabel, Nicholas Leonard, Kaitlyn Yim, Patrick O'Donnell, Zendee Elaba, April Deng, Nikki A. Levin
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2023)
NOX2 deficiency enhances priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Blandine Monjarret, Sara Shour, Aissa Benyoucef, Emilie Heckel, Lorie Marchitto, Jennifer W. Leiding, Guilhem Cros, Isabel Fernandez, Jean-Sebastien Joyal, Fabien Touzot
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2023)
Extending the Benefits of Pulmonary Rehabilitation to New Groups: Reply to Anidi <i>et al</i>.
Authors: Carolyn L. Rochester, Jennifer A. Alison, Brian Carlin, Anne E. Holland
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

"Reply to: Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Post-Tuberculosis Lung Disease." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
Cancer and COVID-19: US cancer incidence rates during the first year of the pandemic
Authors: Nadia Howlader, Manami Bhattacharya, Steve Scoppa, Daniel Miller, Anne-Michelle Noone, Serban Negoita, Kathy Cronin, Angela Mariotto
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2023)

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound global impact on health-care systems and patient outcomes. However, the specific effects of the pandemic on cancer incidence rates in the United States during its initial year remain unknown. Methods In this study, we analyzed data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–22 registries, which encompass approximately 50% of the US population. We investigated changes in monthly incidence rates stratified by various factors, including cancer type, stage, age group, sex, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, rural-urban status, and registry locations. We compared the incidence rates observed during the pandemic with those from the previous year. Results Our findings revealed a decline in incidence rates for all cancer sites combined starting in March 2020, coinciding with the implementation of stay-at-home orders. This decline reached its lowest point in April 2020 and persisted at a lower level until May 2020. Notably, compared with April 2019, the incidence rates in April 2020 dropped by 48.1% and did not consistently return to prepandemic levels. The reduction in cancer rates was more pronounced in urban and affluent counties. Across all cancer types, there was a statistically significant decrease in incidence rates during the pandemic, with the largest declines observed in thyroid (71.2%), prostate (57.9%), breast (54.9%), and colon and rectum cancers (54.1%). Furthermore, these decreases were primarily observed in early stage rather than late-stage disease. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic had a statistically significant impact on cancer outcomes. Monitoring long-term consequences of the pandemic on cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis, and mortality trends will be crucial.
Addressing the elephant in the room: the need to examine the role of social determinants of health in the relationship of the 24-hour activity cycle and adult cognitive health
Authors: Ryan S Falck, Narlon Cassio Boa Sorte Silva, Guilherme Moraes Balbim, Linda C Li, Cindy K Barha, Teresa Liu-Ambrose
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2023)
Diagnostic accuracy of urine biomarkers for urinary tract infection in older women: a case-control study
Authors: Manu P. Bilsen, Maxim M. Treep, Margaretha J. Aantjes, Esther van Andel, Janneke E. Stalenhoef, Cees van Nieuwkoop, Eliane M.S. Leyten, Nathalie M. Delfos, Janneke I.M. van Uhm, Martijn Sijbom, Abimbola A. Akintola, Mattijs E. Numans, Wilco P. Achterberg, Simon P. Mooijaart, Martha T. van der Beek, Christa M. Cobbaert, Simon P. Conroy, Leo G. Visser, Merel M.C. Lambregts
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2023)

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common among older women. However, diagnosis is challenging because of frequent chronic lower urinary tract symptoms, cognitive impairment, and a high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB). Current urine diagnostics lack specificity, leading to unnecessary treatment and antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 12 urine biomarkers for diagnosing UTI in older women.
Tubular structures segmentation of pediatric abdominal-visceral ceCT images with renal tumors: Assessment, comparison and improvement
Authors: Giammarco La Barbera, Laurence Rouet, Haithem Boussaid, Alexis Lubet, Rani Kassir, Sabine Sarnacki, Pietro Gori, Isabelle Bloch
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2023)
Single-nucleus genomics in outbred rats with divergent cocaine addiction-like behaviors reveals changes in amygdala GABAergic inhibition
Authors: Jessica L. Zhou, Giordano de Guglielmo, Aaron J. Ho, Marsida Kallupi, Narayan Pokhrel, Hai-Ri Li, Apurva S. Chitre, Daniel Munro, Pejman Mohammadi, Lieselot L. G. Carrette, Olivier George, Abraham A. Palmer, Graham McVicker, Francesca Telese
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2023)

Abstract The amygdala processes positive and negative valence and contributes to addiction, but the cell-type-specific gene regulatory programs involved are unknown. We generated an atlas of single-nucleus gene expression and chromatin accessibility in the amygdala of outbred rats with high and low cocaine addiction-like behaviors following prolonged abstinence. Differentially expressed genes between the high and low groups were enriched for energy metabolism across cell types. Rats with high addiction index (AI) showed increased relapse-like behaviors and GABAergic transmission in the amygdala. Both phenotypes were reversed by pharmacological inhibition of the glyoxalase 1 enzyme, which metabolizes methylglyoxal—a GABA A receptor agonist produced by glycolysis. Differences in chromatin accessibility between high and low AI rats implicated pioneer transcription factors in the basic helix-loop-helix, FOX, SOX and activator protein 1 families. We observed opposite regulation of chromatin accessibility across many cell types. Most notably, excitatory neurons had greater accessibility in high AI rats and inhibitory neurons had greater accessibility in low AI rats.
Efficacy estimates of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention in cisgender women with partial adherence
Authors: Mia Moore, Sarah Stansfield, Deborah J. Donnell, Marie-Claude Boily, Kate M. Mitchell, Peter L. Anderson, Sinead Delany-Moretlwe, Linda-Gail Bekker, Nyaradzo M. Mgodi, Connie L. Celum, Dobromir Dimitrov
Journal: Nature Medicine (2023)
Depletion of slow-cycling PDGFRα+ADAM12+ mesenchymal cells promotes antitumor immunity by restricting macrophage efferocytosis
Authors: Selene E. Di Carlo, Jerome Raffenne, Hugo Varet, Anais Ode, David Cabrerizo Granados, Merle Stein, Rachel Legendre, Jan Tuckermann, Corinne Bousquet, Lucie Peduto
Journal: Nature Immunology (2023)

Abstract The capacity to survive and thrive in conditions of limited resources and high inflammation is a major driver of tumor malignancy. Here we identified slow-cycling ADAM12 + PDGFRα + mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) induced at the tumor margins in mouse models of melanoma, pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer. Using inducible lineage tracing and transcriptomics, we demonstrated that metabolically altered ADAM12 + MSCs induced pathological angiogenesis and immunosuppression by promoting macrophage efferocytosis and polarization through overexpression of genes such as Gas6 , Lgals3 and Csf1 . Genetic depletion of ADAM12 + cells restored a functional tumor vasculature, reduced hypoxia and acidosis and normalized CAFs, inducing infiltration of effector T cells and growth inhibition of melanomas and pancreatic neuroendocrine cancer, in a process dependent on TGF-β. In human cancer, ADAM12 stratifies patients with high levels of hypoxia and innate resistance mechanisms, as well as factors associated with a poor prognosis and drug resistance such as AXL. Altogether, our data show that depletion of tumor-induced slow-cycling PDGFRα + MSCs through ADAM12 restores antitumor immunity.