tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Strong Adhesive Biological Hydrogel for Colon Leakage Repair and Abdominal Adhesion Prevention
Authors: Qijiang Mao, Zhengze Huang, Yiyin Zhang, Qi Chen, Kexin Jiang, Yi Hong, Hongwei Ouyang, Yuelong Liang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Colon leakage is one of the most severe complications in abdominal trauma or surgery cases. It can lead to severe abdominal infection and abdominal adhesions, resulting in prolonged hospital stays and increased mortality. In this study, a photosensitive hydrogel is proposed, which can swiftly form a strong adhesion coating on the damaged colon after UV irradiation, to realize quick cure and suture-free repair of colon leakage. The newly developed biological gel consists of hyaluronic acid methacryloyl (HAMA) and hyaluronic acid o-nitroso benzaldehyde (HANB) in the optimal ratio of 3: 1, which exerts both the rapid photocuring properties of HAMA and the strong tissue adhesion properties of HANB. HAMA/HANB shows excellent adhesion stability on wet surfaces, presenting controllable mechanical properties, ductility, adhesion stability, and chemical stability; it also evades foreign body response, which relieves the degree of abdominal adhesion. The underlying mechanism for HAMA/HANB promoting wound healing in colon leakage involves the reconstruction of the colon barrier, as well as the regulation of the immune reaction and neovascularization. In all, HAMA/HANB is a promising alternative suture-free approach for repairing colon leakage; it has a reliable healing effect and is expected to be extended to clinical application for other organ injuries.
Mapping pediatric brain tumors to their origins in the developing cerebellum
Authors: Konstantin Okonechnikov, Piyush Joshi, Mari Sepp, Kevin Leiss, Ioannis Sarropoulos, Florent Murat, Martin Sill, Pengbo Beck, Kenneth Chun-Ho Chan, Andrey Korshunov, Felix Sah, Maximilian Y Deng, Dominik Sturm, John DeSisto, Andrew M Donson, Nicholas K Foreman, Adam L Green, Giles Robinson, Brent A Orr, Qingsong Gao, Emily Darrow, Jennifer L Hadley, Paul A Northcott, Johannes Gojo, Daisuke Kawauchi, Volker Hovestadt, Mariella G Filbin, Andreas von Deimling, Marc Zuckermann, Kristian W Pajtler, Marcel Kool, David T W Jones, Natalie Jäger, Lena M Kutscher, Henrik Kaessmann, Stefan M Pfister
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2023)

Abstract Background Distinguishing the cellular origins of childhood brain tumors is key for understanding tumor initiation and identifying lineage-restricted, tumor-specific therapeutic targets. Previous strategies to map the cell-of-origin typically involved comparing human tumors to murine embryonal tissues, which is potentially limited due to species-specific differences. The aim of this study was to unravel the cellular origins of the 3 most common pediatric brain tumors, ependymoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, and medulloblastoma, using a developing human cerebellar atlas. Methods We used a single-nucleus atlas of the normal developing human cerebellum consisting of 176 645 cells as a reference for an in-depth comparison to 4416 bulk and single-cell transcriptome tumor datasets, using gene set variation analysis, correlation, and single-cell matching techniques. Results We find that the astroglial cerebellar lineage is potentially the origin for posterior fossa ependymomas. We propose that infratentorial pilocytic astrocytomas originate from the oligodendrocyte lineage and MHC II genes are specifically enriched in these tumors. We confirm that SHH and Group 3/4 medulloblastomas originate from the granule cell and unipolar brush cell lineages. Radiation-induced gliomas stem from cerebellar glial lineages and demonstrate distinct origins from the primary medulloblastoma. We identify tumor genes that are expressed in the cerebellar lineage of origin, and genes that are tumor specific; both gene sets represent promising therapeutic targets for future study. Conclusion Based on our results, individual cells within a tumor may resemble different cell types along a restricted developmental lineage. Therefore, we suggest that tumors can arise from multiple cellular states along the cerebellar “lineage of origin.”
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Adult Interstitial Lung Abnormalities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Amanda Grant-Orser, Bohyung Min, Seham Elmrayed, Anna J. Podolanczuk, Kerri A. Johannson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

Incidental parenchymal abnormalities detected on chest computed tomography scans are termed interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs). ILAs may represent early interstitial lung disease (ILD) and are associated with an increased risk of progressive fibrosis and mortality. The prevalence of ILAs is unknown, with heterogeneity across study populations.
Direct comparison of multiple computer-aided polyp detection systems
Authors: Joel Troya, Boban Sudarevic, Adrian Krenzer, Michael Banck, Markus Brand, Benjamin M. Walter, Frank Puppe, Wolfram G. Zoller, Alexander Meining, Alexander Hann
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems for computer-aided detection (CADe) of polyps receive regular updates and occasionally offer customizable detection thresholds, both of which impact their performance, but little is known about these effects. This study aimed to compare the performance of different CADe systems on the same benchmark dataset. 101 colonoscopy videos were used as benchmark. Each video frame with a visible polyp was manually annotated with bounding boxes, resulting in 129 705 polyp images. The videos were then analyzed by three different CADe systems, representing five conditions: two versions of GI Genius, Endo-AID with detection Types A and B, and EndoMind, a freely available system. Evaluation included an analysis of sensitivity and false-positive rate, among other metrics. Endo-AID detection Type A, the earlier version of GI Genius, and EndoMind detected all 93 polyps. Both the later version of GI Genius and Endo-AID Type B missed 1 polyp. The mean per-frame sensitivities were 50.63 % and 67.85 %, respectively, for the earlier and later versions of GI Genius, 65.60 % and 52.95 %, respectively, for Endo-AID Types A and B, and 60.22 % for EndoMind. This study compares the performance of different CADe systems, different updates, and different configuration modes. This might help clinicians to select the most appropriate system for their specific needs.
Fast track heart and respiratory checks risk adding pressure to GPs’ workload, warns BMA
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Fast track heart and respiratory checks risk adding pressure to GPs' workload, warns BMA Gareth IacobucciPlans to allow for GPs directly to order diagnostic tests for conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cardiovascular disease, and heart failure to speed up diagnosis risk piling pressure on overstretched practices, the BMA's GP committee has warned.The scheme, announced by NHS England on 2 August, aims to fast track patients for check ups to free up consultants' time by reducing the need for a specialist consultation before testing.NHS England said that up to one million patients could benefit from the scheme, which will allow GPs to refer patients with symptoms of heart and respiratory problems for tests at "one stop shop" community diagnostic centres or their local hospital.A similar scheme has been in place for cancer 1 since last year, and NHS England said it had provided quicker tests for almost 80 000 people who had concerning symptoms but did not meet the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence threshold for an urgent suspected cancer referral.
Reacting too late: humanity’s greatest existential crisis
Authors: Kamran Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (2023)

When existential crises come, they come not single spies but in battalions.Oppenheimer, the film of the moment, alongside Barbie, tells the story of the Manhattan Project and the nuclear bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that hastened the end of the second world war.The monster of nuclear war has stalked us ever since, an existential crisis that has others for close company.
Fibromyalgia (Japanese Version)
Authors: Matthew J. Bair, Erin E. Krebs
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

In the Clinic3 March 2020Fibromyalgia (Japanese Version)Matthew J. Bair, MD, MS and Erin E. Krebs, MD, MPHMatthew J. Bair, MD, MSRichard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.J.B.) and Erin E. Krebs, MD, MPHMinneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota (E.E.K.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/IsTranslatedFrom_AITC202003030_Japanese SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Editors' Note: This article (available in PDF format) is the translated Japanese version of In the Clinic: Fibromyalgia (Bair MJ, Krebs EE. Fibromyalgia. Ann Intern Med. 2020;172:ITC33-ITC48. doi:10.7326/AITC202003030. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Matthew J. Bair, MD, MS; Erin E. Krebs, MD, MPHAffiliations: Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.J.B.)Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota (E.E.K.)Funding Source: American College of Physicians.Disclosures: Drs. Bair and Krebs, ACP Contributing Authors, have nothing to disclose. The forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M19-3262.With the assistance of additional physician writers, the editors of Annals of Internal Medicine develop In the Clinic using MKSAP and other resources of the American College of Physicians.The Patient Information page was written by Monica Lizarraga from the Patient and Interprofessional Education Program at the American College of Physicians.In the Clinic does not necessarily represent official ACP clinical policy. For ACP clinical guidelines, please go to https://www.acponline.org/clinical_information/guidelines/. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoFibromyalgia Matthew J. Bair and Erin E. Krebs Metrics 3 March 2020Volume 172, Issue 5Page: JITC33-JITC48KeywordsDiagnostic techniquesExerciseExercise therapyFatigueFibromyalgiaOpioidsPatientsSleepSoft tissuesSystematic reviews ePublished: 18 July 2023 Issue Published: 3 March 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A commentary on ‘Can prophylactic tamsulosin reduce the risk of urinary retention after surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials’ (Int J Surg 2023;109(3):438–448.)
Authors: Boyi Jiang, Yahao Lai, Zongke Zhou
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 37# Wuhou Guoxue Road, Chengdu, P.R. China Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China. Tel: +86 1898 0601 028. Fax: +86 2885 4224 28. E-mail address: [email protected] (Z. Zhou). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
External Validation of a Machine Learning Model to Predict 6-Month Mortality for Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: George Chalkidis, Jordan P. McPherson, Anna Beck, Michael G. Newman, Jia-Wen Guo, Elizabeth A. Sloss, Catherine J. Staes
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

This prognostic study performed external validation of a machine learning model to predict 6-month mortality among patients with advanced solid tumors.
Analysis of Time to Treatment and Survival Among Adults Younger Than 50 Years of Age With Colorectal Cancer in Canada
Authors: Matthew Castelo, Lawrence Paszat, Bettina E. Hansen, Adena S. Scheer, Neil Faught, Lena Nguyen, Nancy N. Baxter
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Colorectal cancer (CRC) is uncommon in adults younger than 50 years of age, so this population may experience delays to treatment that contribute to advanced stage and poor survival. Objective To investigate whether there is an association between time from presentation to treatment and survival in younger adults with CRC. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study used linked population-based data in Ontario, Canada. Participants included patients with CRC aged younger than 50 years who were diagnosed in Ontario between 2007 and 2018. Analysis was performed between December 2019 and December 2022. Exposure Administrative and billing codes were used to identify the number of days between the date of first presentation and treatment initiation (overall interval). Main Outcomes and Measures The associations between increasing overall interval, overall survival (OS), and cause-specific survival (CSS) were explored with restricted cubic spline regression. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were also fit for OS and CSS, adjusted for confounders. Analyses were repeated in a subset of patients with lower urgency, defined as those who did not present emergently, did not have metastatic disease, did not have cross-sectional imaging or endoscopy within 14 days of first presentation, and had an overall interval of at least 28 days duration. Results Among 5026 patients included, the median (IQR) age was 44.0 years (40.0-47.0 years); 2412 (48.0%) were female; 1266 (25.2%) had metastatic disease and 1570 (31.2%) had rectal cancer. The lower-urgency subset consisted of 2548 patients. The median (IQR) overall interval was 108 days (55-214 days) (15.4 weeks [7.9-30.6 weeks]). Patients with metastatic CRC had shorter median (IQR) overall intervals (83 days [39-183 days]) compared with those with less advanced disease. Five-year overall survival was 69.8% (95% CI, 68.4%-71.1%). Spline regression showed younger patients with shorter overall intervals (&amp;amp;lt;108 days) had worse OS and CSS with no significant adverse outcomes of longer overall intervals. In adjusted Cox models, overall intervals longer than 18 weeks were not associated with significantly worse OS or CSS compared with those waiting 12 to 18 weeks (OS: HR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.67-1.03]; CSS: HR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.69-1.18]). Results were similar in the subset of lower-urgency patients, and when stratified by stage. Conclusions and relevance In this cohort study of 5026 patients with CRC aged younger than 50 years of age in Ontario, time from presentation to treatment was not associated with advanced disease or poor survival. These results suggest that targeting postpresentation intervals may not translate to improved outcomes on a population level.
US Postgraduate Trainee Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Representation and Faculty Compensation By Specialty
Authors: Michael O. Mensah, Dalia Owda, Efe C. Ghanney Simons, Louisa W. Holaday, Sidra N. Bonner, Christina Mangurian, Joseph S. Ross
Journal: JAMA (2023)

This study compares postgraduate trainee racial, ethnic, and gender representation and faculty compensation for 21 clinical specialties using 2015-2022 data.
<i>Bifidobacterium adolescentis</i> orchestrates CD143<sup>+</sup> cancer‐associated fibroblasts to suppress colorectal tumorigenesis by Wnt signaling‐regulated GAS1
Authors: Shujie Chen, Lina Fan, Yifeng Lin, Yadong Qi, Chaochao Xu, Qiwei Ge, Ying Zhang, Qiwen Wang, Dingjiacheng Jia, Lan Wang, Jianmin Si, Liangjing Wang
Journal: Cancer Communications (2023)

Abstract Background The interplay between gut microbiota and tumor microenvironment (TME) in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is not well explored. Here, we elucidated the functional role of Bifidobacterium adolescentis ( B.a ) on CRC and investigated its possible mechanism on the manipulation of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in CRC. Methods Different CRC animal models and various cell line models were established to explore the function of B.a on CRC. The single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) or flow cytometry was used to detect the cell subsets in the TME of CRC. Western blot, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), or immunofluorescence staining were performed to examine the activation of Wnt signaling and growth arrest specific 1 (GAS1) on CD143 + CAFs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative real‐time PCR (CHIP‐qPCR) was performed to investigate the regulation of transcription factor 4 (TCF4) on GAS1. Multi‐immunofluorescence assay examined the expression level of CD143 and GAS1 on tissue microarray. Results We found that B.a abundance was significantly reduced in CRC patients from two independent cohorts and the bacteria database of GMrepo. Supplementation with B.a suppressed Apc Min/+ spontaneous or AOM/DSS‐induced tumorigenesis in mice. scRNA‐seq revealed that B.a facilitated a subset of CD143 + CAFs by inhibiting the infiltration of Th2 cells, while promoting the TNF‐alpha + B cells in TME. CD143 + CAFs highly expressed GAS1 and exhibited tumor suppressive effect. Mechanistically, GAS1 was activated by the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in CD143 + CAFs. B.a abundance was correlated with the expression level of CD143 and GAS1. The level of CD143 + CAFs predicted the better survival outcome in CRC patients. Conclusions These results highlighted that B.a induced a new subset of CD143 + CAFs by Wnt signaling‐regulated GAS1 to suppress tumorigenesis and provided a novel therapeutic target for probiotic‐based modulation of TME in CRC.
“LOGGIC” of RNA-sequencing in enhancing diagnoses of pediatric low-grade gliomas
Authors: April Apfelbaum, Pratiti Bandopadhayay
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2023)

Journal Article "LOGGIC" of RNA-sequencing in enhancing diagnoses of pediatric low-grade gliomas Get access April Apfelbaum, April Apfelbaum Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USADepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USABroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Pratiti Bandopadhayay Pratiti Bandopadhayay Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USADepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USABroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA Corresponding Author: Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. (pratiti_bandopadhayay@dfci.harvard.edu) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4175-4760 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Neuro-Oncology, Volume 25, Issue 11, November 2023, Pages 2098–2099, https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noad142 Published: 02 August 2023 Article history Published: 02 August 2023 Corrected and typeset: 21 August 2023
Thermo-responsive Diels-Alder stabilized hydrogels for ocular drug delivery of a corticosteroid and an anti-VEGF fab fragment
Authors: Blessing C. Ilochonwu, Simone A. van der Lugt, Ada Annala, Greta Di Marco, Thibault Sampon, Juergen Siepmann, Florence Siepmann, Wim E. Hennink, Tina Vermonden
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2023)

In the present study, a novel in situ forming thermosensitive hydrogel system was investigated as a versatile drug delivery system for ocular therapy. For this purpose, two thermosensitive ABA triblock copolymers bearing either furan or maleimide moieties were synthesized, named respectively poly(NIPAM-co-HEA/Furan)-PEG6K-P(NIPAM-co-HEA/Furan) (PNF) and poly(NIPAM-co-HEA/Maleimide)-PEG6K-P(NIPAM-co-HEA/−Maleimide) (PNM). Hydrogels were obtained upon mixing aqueous PNF and PNM solutions followed by incubation at 37 °C. The hydrogel undergoes an immediate (<1 min) sol-gel transition at 37 °C. In situ hydrogel formation at 37 °C was also observed after intravitreal injection of the formulation into an ex vivo rabbit eye. The hydrogel network formation was due to physical self-assembly of the PNIPAM blocks and a catalyst-free furan-maleimide Diels−Alder (DA) chemical crosslinking in the hydrophobic domains of the polymer network. Rheological studies demonstrated sol-gel transition at 23 °C, and DA crosslinks were formed in time within 60 min by increasing the temperature from 4 to 37 °C. When incubated at 37 °C, these hydrogels were stable for at least one year in phosphate buffer of pH 7.4. However, the gels degraded at basic pH 10 and 11 after 13 and 3 days, respectively, due to hydrolysis of ester bonds in the crosslinks of the hydrogel network. The hydrogel was loaded with an anti-VEGF antibody fragment (FAB; 48.4 kDa) or with corticosteroid dexamethasone (dex) by dissolving (FAB) or dispersing (DEX) in the hydrogel precursor solution. The FAB fragment in unmodified form was quantitatively released over 13 days after an initial burst release of 46, 45 and 28 % of the loading for the 5, 10 and 20 wt% hydrogel, respectively, due to gel dehydration during formation. The low molecular weight drug dexamethasone was almost quantitively released in 35 days. The slower release of dexamethasone compared to the FAB fragement can likely be explained by the solubilization of this hydrophobic drug in the hydrophobic domains of the gel. The thermosensitive gels showed good cytocompatibility when brought in contact with macrophage-like mural cells (RAW 264.7) and human retinal pigment epithelium-derived (ARPE-19) cells. This study demonstrates that PNF-PNM thermogel may be a suitable formulation for sustained release of bioactive agents into the eye for treating posterior segment eye diseases.
Critical Appraisal of Guideline Recommendations on Systemic Therapies for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Sarah Cappuyns, Virginia Corbett, Mark Yarchoan, Richard S. Finn, Josep M. Llovet
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors with antiangiogenic agents has revolutionized the treatment landscape of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, due to rapid publication of new studies that attained their predefined primary end points, a lack of robust cross-trial comparison of first-line therapies, and diverging clinical guidelines, no clear-cut treatment flowchart and sequence of therapies are available. This critical analysis of the recommendations for the management of advanced HCC from the main scientific societies in the US and Europe adopted an integrated approach to provide information on the clinical benefit (overall survival and progression-free survival) and safety profile of these therapies using the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO)-Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (MCBS) score and an ad hoc network meta-analysis.