tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mulitiple eccrine hidrocystomas
Authors: N. Murayama, R. Tsubot, K. Unno, H. Ogawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Mulitiple eccrine hidrocystomas Get access N. Murayama, N. Murayama Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2‐1‐1, Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Tsubot, R. Tsubot Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2‐1‐1, Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Unno, K. Unno Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2‐1‐1, Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Ogawa H. Ogawa Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2‐1‐1, Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 131, Issue 4, 1 October 1994, Pages 585–586, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08570.x Published: 01 October 1994
Hair Implant Complications
Authors: C. William Hanke
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Four men who underwent hair implantation for pattern baldness were treated for complications such as infection, foreign-body reaction, pruritus, and scarring. The complications were similar to those reported with synthetic modacrylic fiber implants that have been used for the same purpose. Although we believe this is the first article to report complications from hair implants, the illogical basis of the procedure suggests that complications will occur in many unsuspecting patients who undergo hair implantation. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1344-1345)
An Expanded Profile of Cutaneous Reactions to Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Authors: Robert S. Stern
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used in the United States and are a frequent cause of cutaneous reactions. Since December 1980, dermatologists have reported 135 of these drug reactions to a specialty-based Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting System. Reactions to piroxicam were most frequently reported; the majority of reactions to this drug were vesiculobullous and occurred most often in sun-exposed areas. Other reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs not previously recognized include serum sickness, exfoliative erythroderma, and photosensitivity associated with sulindac; toxic epidermal necrolysis was reported with tolmetin, zomepirac sodium, and piroxicam. Fixed drug eruptions were noted with ibuprofen and naproxen, and photosensitivity was reported with sulindac and indomethacin. These findings illustrate the usefulness of a specialty-based system for spontaneous reporting of new and serious adverse reactions to drugs. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:1433-1437)
A 61-Year-Old Man With Psoriasis
Authors: Richard D. Baughman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Dr Delbanco:</h3> Mr J is a 61-year-old man who has had psoriasis covering an increasing proportion of his body since his first psoriatic plaque appeared at the age of 5 years. Married and the father of 5 children, 1 of whom has psoriasis, he works as a senior executive in a manufacturing company in a suburb of Boston, Mass. He is insured by his employer and is enrolled in a managed care plan. His mother, who also has psoriasis, first noted characteristic lesions on his elbows, and he began to visit dermatologists on a regular basis. He recalls treating his skin initially with many different ointments. When he was about 10 years old, lesions appeared also on his knees, and he was treated with vitamin B12 injections. From then on into his 30s, he recalls being treated with whatever was "new and exciting." He received corticosteroids topically. These helped initially,
Vaccine-Associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis
Authors: Benjamin M. Nkowane
Journal: JAMA (1987)

From 1973 through 1984, there were 138 cases of paralytic poliomyelitis reported in the United States; 105 (76%) were vaccine associated. Of the 105 vaccine-associated cases, 35 occurred in recipients of oral polio vaccine (OPV), 50 in contacts to OPV recipients, 14 in immune deficient individuals, and six in individuals who had no history of receiving OPV or contact with recent OPV recipients. Thirty-three (94%) of the recipient cases, 41 (82%) of the contact cases, and five (36%) of the immune deficient cases were associated with the first dose of OPV. The overall frequency of vaccine-associated poliomyelitis was one case per 2.6 million doses distributed. However, the relative frequency of paralysis associated with the first dose in the OPV series was one case per 520 000 doses vs one case per 12.3 million subsequent doses. Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis is rare and the risks of OPV are small. The greatest likelihood of paralysis occurs in association with the first dose of OPV and that likelihood is reduced in subsequent doses more for recipients than for their contacts. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:1335-1340)
Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors
Authors: Richard Doll, Richard Peto, Jillian Boreham, Isabelle Sutherland
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To compare the hazards of cigarette smoking in men who formed their habits at different periods, and the extent of the reduction in risk when cigarette smoking is stopped at different ages. <b>Design</b> Prospective study that has continued from 1951 to 2001. <b>Setting</b> United Kingdom. <b>Participants</b> 34 439 male British doctors. Information about their smoking habits was obtained in 1951, and periodically thereafter; cause specific mortality was monitored for 50 years. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Overall mortality by smoking habit, considering separately men born in different periods. <b>Results</b> The excess mortality associated with smoking chiefly involved vascular, neoplastic, and respiratory diseases that can be caused by smoking. Men born in 1900-1930 who smoked only cigarettes and continued smoking died on average about 10 years younger than lifelong non-smokers. Cessation at age 60, 50, 40, or 30 years gained, respectively, about 3, 6, 9, or 10 years of life expectancy. The excess mortality associated with cigarette smoking was less for men born in the 19th century and was greatest for men born in the 1920s. The cigarette smoker versus non-smoker probabilities of dying in middle age (35-69) were 42% ν24% (a twofold death rate ratio) for those born in 1900-1909, but were 43% ν 15% (a threefold death rate ratio) for those born in the 1920s. At older ages, the cigarette smoker versus non-smoker probabilities of surviving from age 70 to 90 were 10% ν 12% at the death rates of the 1950s (that is, among men born around the 1870s) but were 7% ν 33% (again a threefold death rate ratio) at the death rates of the 1990s (that is, among men born around the 1910s). <b>Conclusion</b> A substantial progressive decrease in the mortality rates among non-smokers over the past half century (due to prevention and improved treatment of disease) has been wholly outweighed, among cigarette smokers, by a progressive increase in the smoker ν non-smoker death rate ratio due to earlier and more intensive use of cigarettes. Among the men born around 1920, prolonged cigarette smoking from early adult life tripled age specific mortality rates, but cessation at age 50 halved the hazard, and cessation at age 30 avoided almost all of it.
Abstract 12277: Concordance of High Polygenic CAD Risk Score With High Coronary Artery Calcium Score &amp; Low Polygenic CAD Risk Score With Low Coronary Artery Calcium Score: A Real World Experience
Authors: Muhammad Hamza Saad Shaukat, patryk stys, Alexander Sjovold, Catherine Hajek, Phillip Petrasko, Melissa Pham, Veronica Stys, Mark Petrasko, Beatrice Rynders, Komaldeep Singh, Kevin Coy, Michael Herman, Murat Sincan, Adam Stys, Marian S Petrasko, Tomasz Stys
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Genetic predisposition for CAD is well established. Polygenic risk scores are emerging as tools which attempt to quantify the genomic component of an individual’s risk for CAD. However, clinical utility for individual risk stratification is unclear. Hypothesis: 180 SNPs previously identified in Caucasian Genome Wide-Association Studies for CAD were used to construct a weighted restricted polygenic risk score (PRS; normalized range 11.18 -17.58). This study hypothesizes that high PRS (&gt;=85th percentile) is associated with high (&gt;400) coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, &amp; a low PRS(&lt; 85th percentile) is associated with low (&lt;100) CAC. Methods: Between January 2018 and March 2020, 21,784 patients underwent CAC screening and/or PRS testing. Caucasian patients with both PRS and CAC scores were reviewed. Patients with CAC 100-400 were excluded. Fisher’s exact test for high/low PRS and high/low CAC was utilized. Results: 2,752 patients were identified to have low (&lt;100) or high (&gt;400) CAC; 306 (11.1%) had a high CAC (table 1). Odds ratio of high PRS associated with high CAC and low PRS associated with low CAC was 1.54 (95% CI: 1.07-2.19; p=0.017). Conclusion: Our real-world experience in a Caucasian cohort shows that high PRS is associated with a high CAC, as is a low PRS with low CAC. Concordance between PRS and CAC lends support for incorporating PRS in the clinical setting, especially for early identification of individuals at high risk for CAD. Larger, ethnically diverse studies are needed.
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 23, 7 December 1994, Pages 1755–1757, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.23.1755 Published: 07 December 1994
Cellular mechanisms of oligoclonal vascular smooth muscle cell expansion in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Matt D Worssam, Jordi Lambert, Sebnem Oc, James C K Taylor, Annabel L Taylor, Lina Dobnikar, Joel Chappell, Jennifer L Harman, Nichola L Figg, Alison Finigan, Kirsty Foote, Anna K Uryga, Martin R Bennett, Mikhail Spivakov, Helle F Jørgensen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2022)

Abstract Aims Quiescent, differentiated adult vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can be induced to proliferate and switch phenotype. Such plasticity underlies blood vessel homeostasis and contributes to vascular disease development. Oligoclonal VSMC contribution is a hallmark of end-stage vascular disease. Here, we aim to understand cellular mechanisms underpinning generation of this VSMC oligoclonality. Methods and results We investigate the dynamics of VSMC clone formation using confocal microscopy and single-cell transcriptomics in VSMC-lineage-traced animal models. We find that activation of medial VSMC proliferation occurs at low frequency after vascular injury and that only a subset of expanding clones migrate, which together drives formation of oligoclonal neointimal lesions. VSMC contribution in small atherosclerotic lesions is typically from one or two clones, similar to observations in mature lesions. Low frequency (&amp;lt;0.1%) of clonal VSMC proliferation is also observed in vitro. Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed progressive cell state changes across a contiguous VSMC population at onset of injury-induced proliferation. Proliferating VSMCs mapped selectively to one of two distinct trajectories and were associated with cells showing extensive phenotypic switching. A proliferation-associated transitory state shared pronounced similarities with atypical SCA1+ VSMCs from uninjured mouse arteries and VSMCs in healthy human aorta. We show functionally that clonal expansion of SCA1+ VSMCs from healthy arteries occurs at higher rate and frequency compared with SCA1− cells. Conclusion Our data suggest that activation of proliferation at low frequency is a general, cell-intrinsic feature of VSMCs. We show that rare VSMCs in healthy arteries display VSMC phenotypic switching akin to that observed in pathological vessel remodelling and that this is a conserved feature of mouse and human healthy arteries. The increased proliferation of modulated VSMCs from healthy arteries suggests that these cells respond more readily to disease-inducing cues and could drive oligoclonal VSMC expansion.
Tobacco product use and the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19: current understanding and recommendations for future research
Authors: Neal L Benowitz, Maciej L Goniewicz, Bonnie Halpern-Felsher, Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin, Pamela M Ling, Richard J O'Connor, Mary Ann Pentz, Rose Marie Robertson, Aruni Bhatnagar
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2022)
Institutional Surgical Response and Associated Volume Trends Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic and Postvaccination Recovery Period
Authors: Soham Ghoshal, Grant Rigney, Debby Cheng, Ryan Brumit, Michael S. Gee, Richard A. Hodin, Keith D. Lillemoe, Wilton C. Levine, Marc D. Succi
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with decreased surgical procedure volumes, but existing studies have not investigated this association beyond the end of 2020, analyzed changes during the post-vaccine release period, or quantified these changes by patient acuity.
Effectiveness of an intervention for reducing sitting time and improving health in office workers: three arm cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Charlotte L Edwardson, Stuart J H Biddle, Stacy A Clemes, Melanie J Davies, David W Dunstan, Helen Eborall, Malcolm H Granat, Laura J Gray, Genevieve N Healy, Nishal Bhupendra Jaicim, Sarah Lawton, Benjamin D Maylor, Fehmidah Munir, Gerry Richardson, Thomas Yates, Alexandra M Clarke-Cornwell
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention, with and without a height adjustable desk, on daily sitting time, and to investigate the relative effectiveness of the two interventions, and the effectiveness of both interventions on physical behaviours and physical, biochemical, psychological, and work related health and performance outcomes. Design Cluster three arm randomised controlled trial with follow-up at three and 12 months. Setting Local government councils in Leicester, Liverpool, and Greater Manchester, UK. Participants 78 clusters including 756 desk based employees in defined offices, departments, or teams from two councils in Leicester, three in Greater Manchester, and one in Liverpool. Interventions Clusters were randomised to one of three conditions: the SMART Work and Life (SWAL) intervention, the SWAL intervention with a height adjustable desk (SWAL plus desk), or control (usual practice). Main outcomes measures The primary outcome measure was daily sitting time, assessed by accelerometry, at 12 month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were accelerometer assessed sitting, prolonged sitting, standing and stepping time, and physical activity calculated over any valid day, work hours, workdays, and non-workdays, self-reported lifestyle behaviours, musculoskeletal problems, cardiometabolic health markers, work related health and performance, fatigue, and psychological measures. Results Mean age of participants was 44.7 years, 72.4% (n=547) were women, and 74.9% (n=566) were white. Daily sitting time at 12 months was significantly lower in the intervention groups (SWAL −22.2 min/day, 95% confidence interval −38.8 to −5.7 min/day, P=0.003; SWAL plus desk −63.7 min/day, −80.1 to −47.4 min/day, P&lt;0.001) compared with the control group. The SWAL plus desk intervention was found to be more effective than SWAL at changing sitting time (−41.7 min/day, −56.3 to −27.0 min/day, P&lt;0.001). Favourable differences in sitting and prolonged sitting time at three and 12 month follow-ups for both intervention groups and for standing time for the SWAL plus desk group were observed during work hours and on workdays. Both intervention groups were associated with small improvements in stress, wellbeing, and vigour, and the SWAL plus desk group was associated with improvements in pain in the lower extremity, social norms for sitting and standing at work, and support. Conclusions Both SWAL and SWAL plus desk were associated with a reduction in sitting time, although the addition of a height adjustable desk was found to be threefold more effective. Trial registration ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN11618007 .
TCR-engineered iNKT cells induce robust antitumor response by dual targeting cancer and suppressive myeloid cells
Authors: Gloria Delfanti, Filippo Cortesi, Alessandra Perini, Gaia Antonini, Laura Azzimonti, Claudia de Lalla, Claudio Garavaglia, Mario L. Squadrito, Maya Fedeli, Michela Consonni, Silvia Sesana, Francesca Re, Haifa Shen, Paolo Dellabona, Giulia Casorati
Journal: Science Immunology (2022)

Adoptive immunotherapy with T cells engineered with tumor-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) holds promise for cancer treatment. However, suppressive cues generated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can hinder the efficacy of these therapies, prompting the search for strategies to overcome these detrimental conditions and improve cellular therapeutic approaches. CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells actively participate in tumor immunosurveillance by restricting suppressive myeloid populations in the TME. Here, we showed that harnessing iNKT cells with a second TCR specific for a tumor-associated peptide generated bispecific effectors for CD1d- and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)–restricted antigens in vitro. Upon in vivo transfer, TCR-engineered iNKT (TCR-iNKT) cells showed the highest efficacy in restraining the progression of multiple tumors that expressed the cognate antigen compared with nontransduced iNKT cells or CD8 + T cells engineered with the same TCR. TCR-iNKT cells achieved robust cancer control by simultaneously modulating intratumoral suppressive myeloid populations and killing malignant cells. This dual antitumor function was further enhanced when the iNKT cell agonist α-galactosyl ceramide (α-GalCer) was administered as a therapeutic booster through a platform that ensured controlled delivery at the tumor site, named multistage vector (MSV). These preclinical results support the combination of tumor-redirected TCR-iNKT cells and local α-GalCer boosting as a potential therapy for patients with cancer.
Association of Insurance Coverage With Adoption of Sleeve Gastrectomy vs Gastric Bypass for Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Ryan Howard, Edward C. Norton, Jie Yang, Jyothi Thumma, David E. Arterburn, Andrew Ryan, Dana Telem, Justin B. Dimick
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Instrumental variables can control for selection bias in observational research. However, valid instruments are challenging to identify. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate regional variation in sleeve gastrectomy following insurance coverage implementation as an instrumental variable in comparative effectiveness research. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This serial cross-sectional study included adult patients in a national Medicare claims database who underwent sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass from 2012 to 2017. Data analysis was performed from January to June 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The association of the instrumental variable with treatment (ie, undergoing sleeve gastrectomy), as well as mortality, complications, emergency department visits, hospitalization, reinterventions, and surgical revision. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 76 077 patients underwent bariatric surgery, of whom 44 367 underwent sleeve gastrectomy (mean [SD] age, 56.9 [11.9] years; 32 559 [73.5%] women) and 31 710 underwent gastric bypass (mean (SD) age, 55.9 (11.8) years; 23 750 [74.9%] women). After insurance coverage initiation, there was substantial regional and temporal variation in adoption of sleeve gastrectomy. Prior-year state-level utilization of sleeve gastrectomy was highly associated with undergoing sleeve gastrectomy (Kleibergen-Paap Wald<i>F</i>statistic, 910.3). All but 2 patient characteristics (race and diagnosis of depression) were well-balanced between the top and bottom quartiles of the instrumental variable. Regarding 1-year outcomes, compared with patients undergoing gastric bypass, patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy had a lower 1-year risk of mortality (0.9%; 95% CI, 0.8%-1.1% vs 1.7%; 95% CI, 1.3%-2.0%), complications (11.6%; 95% CI, 10.9%-12.3% vs 14.1%; 95% CI, 13.0%-15.3%), emergency department visits (48.3%; 95% CI, 46.9%-49.8% vs 53.6%; 95% CI, 52.3%-55.0%), hospitalization (23.4%; 95% CI, 22.4%-24.4% vs 26.5%; 95% CI, 25.1%-28.0%), and reinterventions (8.7%; 95% CI, 8.0%-9.4% vs 12.2%; 95% CI, 11.2%-13.3%). The risk of revision was not different between groups (0.6%; 95% CI, 0.3%-0.8% vs 0.4%; 95% CI, 0.3%-0.6%). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this cross-sectional study of patients undergoing bariatric surgery, there was significant geographic variation in the use of sleeve gastrectomy following initiation of insurance coverage, which served as a strong instrument to compare 2 bariatric surgical procedures. This approach could be applied to other areas of health services research to serve as a complement to clinical trials.
Clinical implications of host genetic variation and susceptibility to severe or critical COVID-19
Authors: Caspar I. van der Made, Mihai G. Netea, Frank L. van der Veerdonk, Alexander Hoischen
Journal: Genome Medicine (2022)

Since the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, important insights have been gained into virus biology and the host factors that modulate the human immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 displays a highly variable clinical picture that ranges from asymptomatic disease to lethal pneumonia. Apart from well-established general risk factors such as advanced age, male sex and chronic comorbidities, differences in host genetics have been shown to influence the individual predisposition to develop severe manifestations of COVID-19. These differences range from common susceptibility loci to rare genetic variants with strongly predisposing effects, or proven pathogenic variants that lead to known or novel inborn errors of immunity (IEI), which constitute a growing group of heterogeneous Mendelian disorders with increased susceptibility to infectious disease, auto-inflammation, auto-immunity, allergy or malignancies. The current genetic findings point towards a convergence of common and rare genetic variants that impact the interferon signalling pathways in patients with severe or critical COVID-19. Monogenic risk factors that impact IFN-I signalling have an expected prevalence between 1 and 5% in young, previously healthy individuals (<60 years of age) with critical COVID-19. The identification of these IEI such as X-linked TLR7 deficiency indicates a possibility for targeted genetic screening and personalized clinical management. This review aims to provide an overview of our current understanding of the host genetic factors that predispose to severe manifestations of COVID-19 and focuses on rare variants in IFN-I signalling genes and their potential clinical implications.