tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Medical Student Externship
Authors: John L. Caughey
Journal: JAMA (1970)

As far as I know, medical educators have been most concerned about clinical externships engaged in by medical students during regular school terms. The<i>traditional</i>view of the medical educator about such clinical externships for medical students has been quite clear. The medical school faculty knows what is best for the medical student and has designed the best possible sequence of experiences to facilitate his learning in a logical and sensible way. It is disruptive when a student deviates from the prescribed program because he may learn something too early and not pay attention to more elementary things presented to him later in the regular curriculum of his school. There is the distinct possibility that a student trying to learn something outside the pure environment of the university medical center will run into some kind of sinister environmental pollution which will partially paralyze his intellectual and ethical
Fibrosis of the marrow is not cast in cement
Authors: W. C. Crosby
Journal: JAMA (1981)

We receive, from time to time, tantalizing bits of information and misinformation concerning fibrous conversion of the marrow. Forty years ago, we believed that removal of the large spleens of myelofibrosis was a too-great risk.<sup>1</sup>At that time, we subscribed to Donhauser's dictum that the metaplastic spleen in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MFM) was the only source of blood cells, having resumed its fetal hemopoietic function.<sup>2</sup>Now we know it isn't true. The hemopoietic tissue in MFM is neoplastic with neoplastic cell-lines in the marrow and in the spleen; the two organs become involved simultaneously. The spleen's metaplasia is not a reaction to the marrow's abdication; the marrow is often hypercellular before it becomes fibrotic.<sup>3</sup>The fibrous tissue is not a part of the abnormal neoplastic clone: marrow fibroblasts do not share the chromosomal abnormalities that are often present in the neoplastic hemopoietic cells of the myeloproliferative
The Angle of Louis
Authors: DARLENE M. FINK-BENNETT, ELI E. SHAPIRO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Evaluation of 100 consecutive Tc-99m MDP bone scans revealed in 36 patients a well defined area of increased accumulation of radiotracer at the Angle of Louis—the palpable ridge along the anterior surface of the sternum at the fibrocartilaginous junction of the sternum and manubrium. Twenty-five of the 36 patients had comparison radiographs; all were normal. None had sternal pain or a prior history of chest trauma. Increased uptake at the Angle of Louis ("Louie's Hot Spot") is a relatively common finding (36%) and should be recognized as a normal bone scan finding. It should not be confused with increased uptake due to an osseous abnormality, i.e., metastasis, degenerative disease, trauma, etc.
Vincristine infusion with advanced, relapsed tumors.
Authors: R Pinkerton, T Philip, P Biron, M B Mentigny
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1985.3.10.1437 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 4045532 Vincristine infusion with advanced, relapsed tumors. R PinkertonxR PinkertonSearch for articles by this author , T PhilipxT PhilipSearch for articles by this author , P BironxP BironSearch for articles by this author , M B MentignyxM B MentignySearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1985.3.10.1437 PDF "Vincristine infusion with advanced, relapsed tumors.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 3(10), pp. 1437–1438© 1985 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 9, 3 May 1995, Pages 643–644, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.9.643 Published: 03 May 1995
The Case Report
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The case report is the archetypical medical article. Medical journalism began as the publication of scientists' letters. Only a moderate formalization was needed to convert a letter about an interesting patient into a communication having the usual pattern of introduction, report of case, and discussion. Most authors and editors today consider this the "typical" pattern. But before preparing a report based on this or any other pattern, you must meditate on the question, do you really have something worth saying? A genuinely unique syndrome should be recorded—but not if the uniqueness depends on some trivial variation from previous cases. If a certain neoplasm is known to metastasize widely, there is no need to report each new site that becomes affected in some unfortunate patient. Similarly, untoward drug reactions probably merit publication—but not if the drug is one member of a group whose other members are known to cause the same
Malignant cerebral glioma
Authors: M. Brada, D. Thomas, R. Rampling, P. Crawford, N. Burnet, P. Byrne, M. Sokal, D. Guerrero, F. Hines, S. Sardell, M. Brada, J. Chappell, P. Salander, A T. Bergenheim, R. Henriksson, N G Burnet, R E Taylor, E. Davies, C. Clarke, A. Hopkins
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Malignant cerebral glioma Modern radiotherapy can give good quality survival for six monthsEditor-We wish to correct misinformation reported by Elizabeth Davies and colleagues in their study of survival after radiotherapy for malignant cerebral glioma. 1 Contrary to their suggestion in the acknowledgements, the study had not been supported by the Medical Research Council Brain Tumour Working Party.As the poor study design indicates, the study had never been officially submitted to the Medical Research Council and had therefore not been subjected to its rigorous protocol review process.For example, Davies and colleagues report that their criteria for assessment of treatment toxicity were derived in a "pragmatic fashion after discussion" by a "process of elimination," without evidence from imaging to exclude tumour progression.This would be totally unacceptable, let alone publishable.The impression that the 105 patients represent an unselected consecutive series is difficult to believe as the seven centres should, over two years, have seen 400-800 eligible patients. 2 The reported adverse prognostic factors in patients with high grade glioma have been known for over 18 years. 3Although the authors appropriately conclude that severely disabled patients have a poor prognosis and may not be suitable for active treatment, the fact that they were considered for intensive treatment at all is surprising.Centres specialised in the treatment of patients with brain tumours would not have accepted patients with such a poor prognosis for high dose radiotherapy.Most of the patients also seemed to receive initial whole brain radiotherapy followed by a radiation boost to the tumour.Whole brain radiotherapy is nothing but toxic and has not been practised in specialist centres for many years.Given the use of outdated and often inappropriate high dose, wide field radiotherapy and the flawed assessment of morbidity from treatment, the conclusion that radiation is of little value and simply results in adverse effects seems ill advised.High grade gliomas are among the most devastating of malignancies, with few useful treatment options.Modern radiotherapy, although not curative, offers a survival benefit of about six months, 3 and for most patients without functional impairment the quality of survival is good.Without com-parative data on the quality of life, how can we decide whether prolongation of survival by six months with clinical deterioration in a small proportion of patients is worse than the alternative of progressive functional decline, which happens in all patients without treatment?Yes, we do need more effective treatments without morbidity, but to throw out a proved treatment on the basis of misinformation is a travesty to evidence based medicine, to which the BMJ claims allegiance.
Cystic Parotid Gland Enlargement in HIV Disease
Authors: Richard J. Schrot
Journal: JAMA (1997)

A 45-year-old African-American man presented to an outpatient clinic for evaluation of nontender bilateral masses in the temporomandibular region, which had increased in size over the previous 2 months. He denied human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) behavioral risk factors (homosexual activity, intravenous drug use, or unsafe sexual practices), but he had received a blood transfusion 2 years before, when he underwent cervical fusion after a motorcycle accident. Otherwise his medical history was unremarkable. He took no medications, rarely drank alcohol, and smoked 1 pack of cigarettes per day. Review of systems revealed dryness of the mouth and blurred vision but was otherwise noncontributory. He had no history of fever, anorexia, or recent weight loss. On physical examination, golf ball—sized, nontender, preauricular masses were palpated bilaterally (Figure 1), as well as several small, nontender, cervical lymph nodes. Pertinent laboratory data included a hemoglobin level of 127 g/L, normal white blood cell count
Current Information on Feline and Canine Cancers and Relationship or Lack of Relationship to Human Cancer&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Our data do not support a causative relationship between cancers of humans, cats, or dogs. Epidemiologic and limited immunologic studies to date fail to support spread of the feline C-type tumor viruses to dog or man. Whether these viruses spread even from cat to cat under natural conditions is not established. The domestic cat has a high natural prevalence of lymphoma and of detectable C-type virus expression in the form of antigen and C-type particles that is seldom observed in other species, except certain inbred strains. Numerous C-type particles in salivary glands from cats with lymphoma indicate a potential source of viral spread. It appears that, under natural conditions, feline C-type viruses are inherited as indigenous latent genes which may activate in the fetus or later in life. The susceptibility of certain human cells to in vitro infection with these viruses does not imply infection in vivo. This possibility cannot be denied until immunologic studies are done with serologic reagents of greater sensitivity and specificity, and investigators working with these feline agents must be cautious. Rescue of a hypothetical human C-type sarcoma genome should be further investigated. The domestic cat may prove useful for study of the effect of chemicals, including those in the environment. The newly found RNA-dependent DNA Polymerase may aid investigations in vitro of products of the feline C-type viral genome activation and its governing molecular mechanisms. The dog, like man, strongly represses the C-type genome (if present). If a latent canine C-type virus genome could be activated, a comparable latent genome should exist in man. Domestic cats and dogs may prove useful for tests on basic biologic processes possibly relevant to cancer in man.
Mental Hygiene for Community Nursing
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fatty Acid Alteration of L1210 Murine Leukemia Cells. Growth Rate and Stability of Lipid Changes in Culture&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

The fatty acid composition of L1210 lymphoblastic murine leukemia cells was altered by experimental diets before the cells were placed in tissue culture for the study of reversion of the lipid modification. Both types of fatty acid-modified cells were cultured in the same fetal calf serum-containing medium designed to maintain the differences. At the time of removal of the L1210 cells from DBA/2J inbred male mice, marked differences existed in the fatty acid composition of the cell phospholipids and neutral lipids. The phospholipids from the mice fed a sunflower seed oil diet contained 16% more polyenoic fatty acids, and phospholipids from mice fed a coconut oil diet contained 18% more monoenoic fatty acids. During 4 days in tissue culture, only limited changes were found in phospholipid fatty acid composition. The polyenoic fatty acids of the phospholipids from mice fed the sunflower oil diet decreased only 3.2%, which was primarily due to decreases in linoleate and long-chain polyunsaturates. Less than a 2% change occurred in the monoenoic fatty acids and saturates. The monoenoic fatty acids of the phospholipids in cells from the coconut oil-fed mice decreased 7.8%, which was primarily due to decreases in palmitoleate and oleate. The polyenoic and saturated fatty acids in the phospholipids of these cells changed less than 2%. Greater changes were found in neutral lipids, which suggests that they may provide a source of fatty acids to stabilize phospholipids. The observation that the cellular content of triglyceride declined in culture, whereas the phospholipid content was unchanged, lends further support to this possibility. No difference was seen in the growth rate or viability between the two types of fatty acid-modified cells. The conclusion was reached that the lipid alterations of L1210 phospholipids are maintained in tissue culture for at least 4 days. Furthermore, the lipid alterations had no effect on the growth rate of the cells in culture.
Screening and treatment program for mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: T. R. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Seven hundred and fifty men were screened for the presence of mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 134 subjects were enrolled in a therapy program. The findings of follow-up interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory tests were correlated with the screening results. Among those completing six months of therapy, there was a marked improvement of respiratory symptoms, but no significant change in pulmonary function. Cessation of cigarette smoking was most closely associated with the symptomatic improvement.
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Super-Enhancer Amplification in CancerSuper-enhancers are clustered cis-regulatory DNA elements, span large regions of the genome, are occupied by high levels of transcription factors, and show chromatin densely marked by H3K27ac.This study used The Cancer Genome Atlas copy number data for 10,534 tumor samples spanning 29 cancer types cross-referenced against H3K27ac ChIP-seq to identify six focally amplified putative super-enhancers.These six focally amplified regions were associated with overexpression of the KLF5, USP12, PARD6B, and MYC genes.The functional significance of these putative super-enhancers was validated using CRISPR/Cas9 approaches in vitro using neoplastic phenotypic assays.Collectively, these robust bioinformatic data establish amplification of super-enhancers as a common mechanism for upregulating expression of oncogene such as MYC in diverse cancer types.(Image courtesy of Wikimedia
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

To augment existing CAR technology, Wang and colleagues transduced selected CMV-specific human T cells to express both a CD19 CAR and a truncated EGFR, and investigated the effects of restimulating CAR+ T cells through an endogenous CMV-specific T cell receptor. This study has demonstrated that the antitumor activity of CMV/CD19 bispecific T cells can be enhanced as a consequence of proliferation following CMV peptide vaccination. Additionally, the bispecific T cells could be ablated in vivo by anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab. This vaccine boost strategy can be extended to multiple malignancies by transducing various tumor-specific CARs into selected CMV patient T cells.Lapatinib inhibits the tyrosine kinases of both HER1 (EGFR) and HER2, although its clinical use in breast cancer is confined to tumors that overexpress HER2. Leary and colleagues report a study with 2 weeks of lapatinib treatment prior to surgery in newly diagnosed primary breast cancer and show that proliferation (Ki67) was significantly decreased in both HER2-negative and HER2-positive tumors. Among HER2-negative tumors, high HER3 mRNA expression identified Ki67 responders, with a trend for combined increase in levels of HER3/HER2 expression to predict response. HER2-HER3 heterodimers could identify patients with HER2-negative breast cancer that might benefit from lapatinib and merit further investigation.Wide excision of osteosarcoma is necessary to effect successful treatment. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) could improve bone union following tumor reconstruction but is not currently used due to concerns it may prompt recurrence. Geller and colleagues developed an osteosarcoma model system to more clearly define the effect of both surgical margins and BMP-2 on local recurrence in the context of conventional chemotherapy. Margins greater then 997 μm yielded reliable local control using surgery alone. Single-agent and dual-agent chemotherapy lowered these margins to 36 μm and 12 μm, respectively. The application of BMP-2 did not increase local recurrence rates.The interleukin-11 receptor (IL11R) is an established molecular target in primary bone, tumors (such as osteosarcoma), and in secondary bone metastases (such as prostate cancer). In this study the authors evaluated the IL-11R as a target in preclinical models of leukemia and lymphoma and also validated their findings in human tumors. The results indicate that the IL-11R is a suitable cell surface target for ligand-directed applications against leukemia and lymphoma and that BMTP-11, an IL11R-targeting drug prototype (and its derivatives), have translational potential against this group of malignant diseases.
A Manual of Embryology: The Development of the Human Body
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Destruction of Civilization in Nuclear War
Authors: Steven Jonas
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In discussions of the consequences of all-out nuclear war, most consideration is given to the death and physical destruction that would result from it. These are the most important consequences, of course, and from them alone, American society would be destroyed. However, in the back of the minds of those for whom nuclear war is thinkable seems to lurk the thought that recovery of the United States as a civilized nation is possible, if not immediately, then in 25 to 50 years. (And at least we would be rid of the Russians.) After all, they seem to reason, look what happened in Germany, Japan, and the Soviet Union after the mass destruction of their industrial bases in World War II. Allowing for radioactivity and all that, could not the same thing, albeit at a slower pace, happen again? For those who consider "protracted nuclear war" and who discuss the tactics
Meniscectomies in Women
Authors: John A. Powers
Journal: JAMA (1969)

During the past years a number of arthrotomies in women have been done with the presumptive diagnosis of a tear of the meniscus. In a disproportionately large number, the preoperative diagnosis was not confirmed and no tear of the meniscus could be identified. Even in the hands of experienced, responsible orthopedic surgeons, the diagnosis of meniscal tear in a woman is often incorrect. There are several reasons for this and many other pathologic factors that might give rise to the symptoms simulating meniscal tear are involved.
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage.
Authors: R Rossi, M Morelli, L Ruscalla, A Clemente
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Acute digestive system haemorrhage is a recurrent cause of hospitalization. As to the upper segment of the digestive system, ulcerous peptic disease is often the cause of this pathology, above all in Western Countries. As to the lower segment, colic diverticula and angiodysplasy represent the most common cause. Bleeding usually clears up spontaneously or with hemodynamic pharmacological help. In some cases, the situation does not improve because of bleeding persistence, so more complex diagnostic and therapeutic techniques are necessary. Instrumental diagnostics is based on endoscopy (once with flexible optical fibre instruments, now with videoendoscopy) whose diagnostic effectiveness is inversely proportional to the latency since the haemorrhagic occurrence. Success is evident in 90-95% of the cases within the first twelve hours. Mesenteric angiography and scintigraphy with marked erythrocytes can solve difficult diagnosis and topographic location on some serious occasions. In every case the risk of complication and death is closely related to the haemorrhagic consistency, the flow of the bleeding, the basic disease, the age and the presence of chronic diseases. The authors examine a personal survey taken from the hospitalization in their own ward during a period of a year.