tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fetal brain tissue annotation and segmentation challenge results
Authors: Kelly Payette, Hongwei Bran Li, Priscille de Dumast, Roxane Licandro, Hui Ji, Md Mahfuzur Rahman Siddiquee, Daguang Xu, Andriy Myronenko, Hao Liu, Yuchen Pei, Lisheng Wang, Ying Peng, Juanying Xie, Huiquan Zhang, Guiming Dong, Hao Fu, Guotai Wang, ZunHyan Rieu, Donghyeon Kim, Hyun Gi Kim, Davood Karimi, Ali Gholipour, Helena R. Torres, Bruno Oliveira, João L. Vilaça, Yang Lin, Netanell Avisdris, Ori Ben-Zvi, Dafna Ben Bashat, Lucas Fidon, Michael Aertsen, Tom Vercauteren, Daniel Sobotka, Georg Langs, Mireia Alenyà, Maria Inmaculada Villanueva, Oscar Camara, Bella Specktor Fadida, Leo Joskowicz, Liao Weibin, Lv Yi, Li Xuesong, Moona Mazher, Abdul Qayyum, Domenec Puig, Hamza Kebiri, Zelin Zhang, Xinyi Xu, Dan Wu, Kuanlun Liao, Yixuan Wu, Jintai Chen, Yunzhi Xu, Li Zhao, Lana Vasung, Bjoern Menze, Meritxell Bach Cuadra, Andras Jakab
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2023)

In-utero fetal MRI is emerging as an important tool in the diagnosis and analysis of the developing human brain. Automatic segmentation of the developing fetal brain is a vital step in the quantitative analysis of prenatal neurodevelopment both in the research and clinical context. However, manual segmentation of cerebral structures is time-consuming and prone to error and inter-observer variability. Therefore, we organized the Fetal Tissue Annotation (FeTA) Challenge in 2021 in order to encourage the development of automatic segmentation algorithms on an international level. The challenge utilized FeTA Dataset, an open dataset of fetal brain MRI reconstructions segmented into seven different tissues (external cerebrospinal fluid, grey matter, white matter, ventricles, cerebellum, brainstem, deep grey matter). 20 international teams participated in this challenge, submitting a total of 21 algorithms for evaluation. In this paper, we provide a detailed analysis of the results from both a technical and clinical perspective. All participants relied on deep learning methods, mainly U-Nets, with some variability present in the network architecture, optimization, and image pre- and post-processing. The majority of teams used existing medical imaging deep learning frameworks. The main differences between the submissions were the fine tuning done during training, and the specific pre- and post-processing steps performed. The challenge results showed that almost all submissions performed similarly. Four of the top five teams used ensemble learning methods. However, one team's algorithm performed significantly superior to the other submissions, and consisted of an asymmetrical U-Net network architecture. This paper provides a first of its kind benchmark for future automatic multi-tissue segmentation algorithms for the developing human brain in utero.
The stability of personality disorders and personality disorder criteria: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Delfine d'Huart, Süheyla Seker, David Bürgin, Marc Birkhölzer, Cyril Boonmann, Marc Schmid, Klaus Schmeck
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review (2023)

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the diagnostic, the dimensional mean-level, and rank-order stability of personality disorders (PDs) and PD criteria over time. EMBASE, PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed studies published in either English, German, or French between the first publication of the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) in 1980 and December 20, 2022. Inclusion criteria were a prospective longitudinal study design, assessing the stability of PDs or PD criteria over at least two measurement occasions at least one month apart, and using the same assessment at baseline and follow-up. Effect sizes included proportion of enduring cases (i.e., diagnostic stability), test–retest correlations (i.e., dimensional rank-order stability), and within-group standardized mean differences (i.e., dimensional mean-level stability), based on the first and last available measurement occasion. From an initial pool of 1473 studies, 40 were included in our analyses, covering 38,432 participants. 56.7% maintained the diagnosis of any PD, and 45.2% maintained the diagnosis of borderline PD over time. Findings on the dimensional mean-level stability indicate that most PD criteria significantly decreased from baseline to follow-up, except for antisocial, obsessive-compulsive, and schizoid PD criteria. Findings on the dimensional rank-order stability suggested moderate estimates, except for antisocial PD criteria, which were found to be high. Findings indicated that both PDs and PD criteria were only moderately stable, although between study heterogeneity was high, and stability itself depended on several methodological factors.
How the FDA Can Improve Public Health — Helping People Stop Smoking
Authors: Neal L. Benowitz, Kenneth E. Warner, Matthew L. Myers, Dorothy Hatsukami, Micah L. Berman, Donna Vallone, Joanna E. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

The FDA could take steps to encourage the development and marketing of consumer-desirable, effective smoking-cessation aids, which would represent an important contribution to public health.
Access to Biomedical Innovation — Inside the Legal Labyrinth
Authors: Arti K. Rai
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

Interview with Prof. Arti Rai on U.S. legal regimes governing access to biomedical innovation. (15:59)Download The U.S. legal system governing access to biomedical innovation comprises multiple interacting parts, and parts of this system are clearly mismatched and out of balance.
HIF1α-mediated transactivation of WTAP promotes AML cell proliferation via m6A-dependent stabilization of KDM4B mRNA
Authors: Yang-Liu Shao, Yu-Qing Li, Meng-Yue Li, Li-Li Wang, Hui-Sheng Zhou, Dai-Hong Liu, Li Yu, Ji Lin, Xiao-Ning Gao
Journal: Leukemia (2023)
A new osteogenic protein isolated from Dioscorea opposita Thunb accelerates bone defect healing through the mTOR signaling axis
Authors: John Akrofi Kubi, Augustine Suurinobah Brah, Kenneth Man Chee Cheung, Yin Lau Lee, Kai-Fai Lee, Stephen Cho Wing Sze, Wei Qiao, Kelvin Wai-Kwok Yeung
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2023)

Delayed bone defect repairs lead to severe health and socioeconomic impacts on patients. Hence, there are increasing demands for medical interventions to promote bone defect healing. Recombinant proteins such as BMP-2 have been recognized as one of the powerful osteogenic substances that promote mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to osteoblast differentiation and are widely applied clinically for bone defect repairs. However, recent reports show that BMP-2 treatment has been associated with clinical adverse side effects such as ectopic bone formation, osteolysis and stimulation of inflammation. Here, we have identified one new osteogenic protein, named 'HKUOT-S2' protein, from Dioscorea opposita Thunb. Using the bone defect model, we have shown that the HKUOT-S2 protein can accelerate bone defect repair by activating the mTOR signaling axis of MSCs-derived osteoblasts and increasing osteoblastic biomineralization. The HKUOT-S2 protein can also modulate the transcriptomic changes of macrophages, stem cells, and osteoblasts, thereby enhancing the crosstalk between the polarized macrophages and MSCs-osteoblast differentiation to facilitate osteogenesis. Furthermore, this protein had no toxic effects in vivo. We have also identified HKUOT-S2 peptide sequence TKSSLPGQTK as a functional osteogenic unit that can promote osteoblast differentiation in vitro. The HKUOT-S2 protein with robust osteogenic activity could be a potential alternative osteoanabolic agent for promoting osteogenesis and bone defect repairs. We believe that the HKUOT-S2 protein may potentially be applied clinically as a new class of osteogenic agent for bone defect healing.
Education and Role of the Physician
Authors: Edwin F. Rosinski
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our desire to improve the quality of health services has produced a rash of proposals and solutions. The proposals range from a total overhaul of how we provide and pay for services, down to piecemeal approaches that affect, in some way, part of the entire system. The number of piecemeal approaches proposed has been large, for it is relatively easier to make minor innovations or adaptations than to modify or revolutionize a system. A critical review of the piecemeal proposals would reveal that progress at implementing them has been made, but their overall impact has been small and, at times, of dubious value. If this assumption is true, the question remains: Why have we not been able to make greater progress when obviously many of the proposals have considerable merit? The answer lies in our failure to redefine the role of the key ingredient in any scheme to improve the
Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: George W. Santos, Andrew M. Yeager, Richard J. Jones
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1989)

Autologous bone marrow transplantation in the acute leukemias and lymphomas offers potentially curative treatment in patients who do not have a histocompatible, allogeneic donor. Results of marrow autografting in the lymphomas are especially encouraging, with disease-free survivals of 50-60% in patients who have failed primary and secondary treatment regimens. In the acute leukemias, one may expect 20-40% relapse-free survival after autologous marrow transplantation. We feel that ex vivo treatment (“purging”) is necessary to eradicate occult tumor cells from autologous remission marrow in hematological malignancies, but this remains a controversial issue to some investigators. Preliminary studies of autologous bone marrow transplantation are promising in multiple myeloma and certain childhood tumors, and autografting is currently being explored in the treatment of other solid tumors such as adenocarcinoma of the breast.
A novel protein encoded by circINSIG1 reprograms cholesterol metabolism by promoting the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of INSIG1 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Xiong, Hua-shan Liu, Chi Zhou, Xin Yang, Liang Huang, Hai-qing Jie, Zi-wei Zeng, Xiao-bin Zheng, Wen-xin Li, Zhan-zhen Liu, Liang Kang, Zhen-xing Liang
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2023)

Abstract Background Hypoxia is a hallmark of solid tumors and leads to the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. The role of epigenetic regulation between hypoxia and aberrant cholesterol metabolism in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains elusive. Methods Hypoxia-responsive circular RNAs (circRNAs) were identified by high throughput RNA sequencing between CRC cells cultured under normoxia or hypoxia. The protein-coding potential of circINSIG1 was identified by polysome profiling and LC–MS. The function of circINSIG1 was validated in vitro and in vivo by gain or loss of function assays. Mechanistic results were concluded by immunoprecipitation analyses. Results A novel hypoxia-responsive circRNA named circINSIG1 was identified, which was upregulated in CRC tissues and correlated with advanced clinical stages and poor survival. Mechanistically, circINSIG1 encoded a 121 amino acid protein circINSIG1-121 to promote K48-linked ubiquitination of the critical cholesterol metabolism regulator INSIG1 at lysine 156 and 158 by recruiting CUL5-ASB6 complex, a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex, thereby inducing cholesterol biosynthesis to promote CRC proliferation and metastasis. The orthotopic xenograft tumor models and patient-derived xenograft models further identified the role of circINSIG1 in CRC progression and potential therapeutic target of CRC. Conclusions circINSIG1 presents an epigenetic mechanism which provides insights into the crosstalk between hypoxia and cholesterol metabolism, and provides a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.
Considerations for integrating wearables into the everyday healthcare practice
Authors: Dylan Powell, Alan Godfrey
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2023)

Abstract Wearable technologies are becoming ever more popular as suggested tools for use in modern medicine. Studies evidence their growing pragmatism and provision of objective data for a more informative and personalised approach to patient care. Yet many wearables are one dimensional, despite the underlying technology being common across a large array of tools. That is primarily due to the accompanying software, unmodifiable or black box-based scripts that generally lack accessibility or modification, meaning wearables may often get discarded. Use of wearables for sustainable healthcare needs careful consideration.
Transcriptomics aids differentiation of IL-23 overactivity in a patient with atypical skin and joint disease
Authors: Marwa Hakimi, Jeffrey P North, Mark A Taylor, Ashley Hailer, Yale Liu, Esther Kim, Kerstin Morehead, Kanade Shinkai, Tina Bhutani, Jeffrey B Cheng, Raymond J Cho
Journal: The Lancet (2023)
TCTAP A-002 Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Renal Denervation in the Global Symplicity Registry Using the Symplicity Spyral Catheter
Authors: Tzung-Dau Wang, Markus Schlaich, Felix Mahfoud, Bryan Wiliams, Luis Ruilope, Krzystzof Narkiewicz, Martin Fahy, Giuseppe Mancia, Michael Böhm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)
TCTAP A-004 Long-Term Prognostic Impact of Fractional Flow Reserve After Coronary Stenting: Insights From the Internation Post-PCI FFR Extended Registry
Authors: Bon-Kwon Koo, Doyeon Hwang, Jaewook Chung, Joo Myung Lee, Hyunjong Lee, Chang-Wook Nam, Eun-Seok Shin, Joon-Hyung Doh, Akiko Matsuo, Hitoshi Matsuo, Shao-Liang Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)
TCTAP A-008 Characteristics, Temporal Trends, and Impact of Revascularization in Latecomer ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Walid Jomaa, Nesrine Amdouni, Ikram Chamtouri, Khaldoun Ben Hamda, Faouzi Maatouk
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)
TCTAP A-001 Prediction Model for In-Stent Restenosis After Carotid Artery Angioplasty and Stenting
Authors: Sheng-Fu Liu, Ying-Hsien Chen, Mao-Shin Lin, Ching-Chang Huang, Chih-Fan Yeh, Cheng-Hsuan Tsai, Hsien-Li Kao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)
TCTAP A-006 Adherence to Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy and 3-Year Clinical Outcome Following Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Dahee Hyun, Jin Ho Choi, Chang-Hwan Yoon, Kwang Soo Cha, Seok Kyu Oh, In-Whan Seong, Myung-Ho Jeong, Seunghwa Lee
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)
Caffeic acid, but not ferulic acid, inhibits macrophage pyroptosis by directly blocking gasdermin D activation
Authors: Mingjiang Liu, Dandan Liu, Chenglong Yu, Hua hao Fan, Xin Zhao, Huiwen Wang, Chi Zhang, Minxia Zhang, Ruonan Bo, Shasha He, Xuerui Wang, Hui Jiang, Yuhong Guo, Jingui Li, Xiaolong Xu, Qingquan Liu
Journal: MedComm (2023)

Regulated pyroptosis is critical for pathogen elimination by inducing infected cell rupture and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion, while overwhelmed pyroptosis contributes to organ dysfunction and pathological inflammatory response. Caffeic acid (CA) and ferulic acid (FA) are both well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phenolic acids, which resemble in chemical structure. Here we found that CA, but not FA, protects macrophages from both Nigericin-induced canonical and cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced non-canonical pyroptosis and alleviates LPS-induced mice sepsis. It significantly improved the survival of pyroptotic cells and LPS-challenged mice and blocked proinflammatory cytokine secretion. The anti-pyroptotic effect of CA is independent of its regulations in cellular lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial function, or pyroptosis-associated gene transcription. Instead, CA arrests pyroptosis by directly associating with gasdermin D (GSDMD) and blocking its processing, resulting in reduced
An update on recent developments and highlights in food allergy
Authors: Arielle Locke, Lisa Hung, Julia E. M. Upton, Liam O'Mahony, Jennifer Hoang, Thomas Eiwegger
Journal: Allergy (2023)

Abstract While both the incidence and general awareness of food allergies is increasing, the variety and clinical availability of therapeutics remain limited. Therefore, investigations into the potential factors contributing to the development of food allergy (FA) and the mechanisms of natural tolerance or induced desensitization are required. In addition, a detailed understanding of the pathophysiology of food allergies is needed to generate compelling, enduring, and safe treatment options. New findings regarding the contribution of barrier function, the effect of emollient interventions, mechanisms of allergen recognition, and the contributions of specific immune cell subsets through rodent models and human clinical studies provide novel insights. With the first approved treatment for peanut allergy, the clinical management of FA is evolving toward less intensive, alternative approaches involving fixed doses, lower maintenance dose targets, coadministration of biologicals, adjuvants, and tolerance‐inducing formulations. The ultimate goal is to improve immunotherapy and develop precision‐based medicine via risk phenotyping allowing optimal treatment for each food‐allergic patient.
Genetically engineered nanovesicles mobilize synergistic antitumor immunity by ADAR1 silence and PDL1 blockade
Authors: Lei Ding, Xiaolong Zhang, Peiwen Yu, Fang Peng, Yupeng Sun, Yanni Wu, Zijin Luo, Hongsheng Li, Yongyi Zeng, Ming Wu, Xiaolong Liu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2023)

Growing evidence has proved that RNA editing enzyme ADAR1, responsible for detecting endogenous RNA species, was significantly associated with poor response or resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Here, a genetically engineered nanovesicle (siAdar1-LNP@mPD1) was developed as an RNA interference nano-tool to overcome tumor resistance to ICB therapies. Small interfering RNA against ADAR1 (siAdar1) was packaged into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP), which was further coated with plasma membrane extracted from the genetically engineered cells overexpressing PD1. siAdar1-LNP@mPD1 could block the PD1/PDL1 immune inhibitory axis by presenting the PD1 protein on the coating membranes. Furthermore, siAdar1 could be effectively delivered into cancer cells by the designed nanovesicle to silence ADAR1 expression, resulting in an increased type I/II interferon (IFN-β/γ) production and making the cancer cells more sensitive to secreted effector cytokines such as IFN-γ with significant cell growth arrest. These integrated functions confer siAdar1-LNP@mPD1 with robust and comprehensive antitumor immunity, as evidenced by significant tumor growth regression, abscopal tumor prevention, and effective suppression of lung metastasis, through a global remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment. Overall, we provided a promising translatable strategy to simultaneously silence ADAR1 and block PDL1 immune checkpoint to boost robust antitumor immunity.
Tanshinone IIA enhances the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via up-regulating miR-223-5p
Authors: Sheng Li, Ke Yang, Weilong Cao, Rui Guo, Zhihao Liu, Jing Zhang, Aodi Fan, Yuting Huang, Chuanrui Ma, Lan Li, Guanwei Fan
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2023)
The step‐down approach in children with cow's milk allergy: Results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rita Nocerino, Serena Coppola, Laura Carucci, Anna Fiorenza de Giovanni di Santa Severina, Franca Oglio, Roberta de Michele, Ilaria di Sessa, Antonio Masino, Giorgio Bedogni, Roberto Berni Canani
Journal: Allergy (2023)

The Step-Down Approach for Cow's Milk Allergy (SDACMA) trial evaluated the tolerability and the rate of immune tolerance acquisition in CMA children starting dietary treatment with amino acid-based formula (AAF) and then switching to EHCF containing the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (EHCF + LGG).Randomized controlled trial involving IgE-mediated CMA children receiving AAF from at least 4 weeks. EHCF + LGG tolerance was evaluated by the results of double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC). Subjects tolerating EHCF + LGG were randomly allocated to remain on AAF, or to switch to EHCF + LGG. Immune tolerance acquisition to cow's milk proteins was evaluated with DBPCFC after 12 months of treatment. Allergy screening tests and body growth were also monitored.Sixty IgE-mediated CMA children were enrolled. The proportion of children treated with AAF who resulted tolerant to the first exposure of EHCF + LGG was 0.98 (exact 95% CI 0.91-0.99). The rate of the immune tolerance acquisition to cow milk proteins after 12 months treatment was higher in the EHCF + LGG (0.48, 95% exact CI 0.29-0.67, n/N = 14/29) than in the AAF group (0.03, 95% exact CI 0.001-0.17, n/N = 1/30). There was an absolute benefit increase (ABI) of tolerance rate equal to 0.45 (95% CI 0.23-0.63, Newcombe method 10) for EHCF + LGG versus AAF, corresponding to a NNT of 2 (2-4, Bender's method). A normal body growth pattern was observed in the two study groups.In IgE-mediated CMA children the step-down from AAF to EHCF + LGG is well tolerated and could facilitate the immune tolerance acquisition.