tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Strategy for the "New Normal" of Life With COVID—Reply
Authors: Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Michael Osterholm, Céline R. Gounder
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Potential clinical utility of liquid biopsies in ovarian cancer
Authors: Jie Wei Zhu, Parsa Charkhchi, Mohammad R. Akbari
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2022)

Abstract Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy worldwide. One of the main challenges in the management of OC is the late clinical presentation of disease that results in poor survival. Conventional tissue biopsy methods and serological biomarkers such as CA-125 have limited clinical applications. Liquid biopsy is a novel sampling method that analyzes distinctive tumour components released into the peripheral circulation, including circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumour cells (CTCs), cell-free RNA (cfRNA), tumour-educated platelets (TEPs) and exosomes. Increasing evidence suggests that liquid biopsy could enhance the clinical management of OC by improving early diagnosis, predicting prognosis, detecting recurrence, and monitoring response to treatment. Capturing the unique tumour genetic landscape can also guide treatment decisions and the selection of appropriate targeted therapies. Key advantages of liquid biopsy include its non-invasive nature and feasibility, which allow for serial sampling and longitudinal monitoring of dynamic tumour changes over time. In this review, we outline the evidence for the clinical utility of each liquid biopsy component and review the advantages and current limitations of applying liquid biopsy in managing ovarian cancer. We also highlight future directions considering the current challenges and explore areas where more studies are warranted to elucidate its emerging clinical potential.
Genetic Liability to Rheumatoid Arthritis in Relation to Coronary Artery Disease and Stroke Risk
Authors: Shuai Yuan, Paul Carter, Amy M. Mason, Fangkun Yang, Stephen Burgess, Susanna C. Larsson
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2022)

To assess the causality of the associations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke using the Mendelian randomization approach.Independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms strongly associated with RA (n = 70) were selected as instrumental variables from a genome-wide association meta-analysis including 14,361 RA patients and 43,923 controls of European ancestry. Summary-level data for CAD, all stroke, any ischemic stroke and its subtypes, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage were obtained from meta-analyses of genetic studies, international genetic consortia, the UK Biobank, and the FinnGen consortium. We obtained summary-level data for common cardiovascular risk factors and related inflammatory biomarkers to assess possible mechanisms.Genetic liability to RA was associated with an increased risk of CAD and ICH. For a 1-unit increase in log odds of RA, the combined odds ratios were 1.02 (95% confidence interval [1.01, 1.03]; P = 0.003) for CAD and 1.05 (95% confidence interval [1.02, 1.08]; P = 0.001) for ICH. Genetic liability to RA was associated with increased levels of tumor necrosis factor and C-reactive protein (CRP). The association with CAD was attenuated after adjustment for genetically predicted CRP levels. There were no associations of genetic liability to RA with the other studied outcomes.This study found that genetic liability to RA was associated with an increased risk of CAD and ICH and that the association with CAD might be mediated by CRP. The heightened cardiovascular risk should be actively monitored and managed in RA patients, and this may include dampening systemic inflammation.
Genetic modifiers of penetrance to liver endpoints in HFE hemochromatosis: Associations in a large community cohort
Authors: Luke C. Pilling, Janice L. Atkins, David Melzer
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Abstract Background The iron overload condition hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) can cause liver cirrhosis and cancer, diabetes, and arthritis. Males homozygous for the p.C282Y missense mutation in the Homeostatin Iron Regulator ( HFE ) gene have greatest risk; yet, only a minority develop these conditions. We aimed to determine whether common genetic variants influencing iron levels or liver disease risk in the general population also modify clinical penetrance in HFE p.C282Y and p.H63D carriers. Methods We studied 1294 male and 1596 female UK Biobank HFE p.C282Y homozygous participants of European ancestry with medical records up to 14 years after baseline assessment. Polygenic scores quantified genetic effects of blood iron biomarkers and relevant diseases (identified in the general population). Analyses were also performed in other HFE p.C282Y/p.H63D genotype groups. Results In male p.C282Y homozygotes, a higher iron polygenic score increased the risk of liver fibrosis or cirrhosis diagnoses (odds ratio for the top 20% of iron polygenic score vs. the bottom 20% = 4.90: 95% confidence intervals, 1.63–14.73; p = 0.005), liver cancer, and osteoarthritis but not diabetes. A liver cirrhosis polygenic score was associated with liver cancer diagnoses. In female p.C282Y homozygotes, the osteoarthritis polygenic score was associated with increased osteoarthritis diagnoses and type‐2 diabetes polygenic score with diabetes. However, the iron polygenic score was not robustly associated with diagnoses in p.C282Y female homozygotes or in other p.C282Y/p.H63D genotypes. Conclusions HFE p.C282Y homozygote penetrance to clinical disease in a large community cohort was partly explained by common genetic variants that influence iron and risks of related diagnoses in the general population, including polygenic scores in HH screening and diagnosis, may help in estimating prognosis and treatment planning.
Time-Restricted Eating to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk Among Older Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Amy A. Kirkham, Katherine L. Ford, Jordan Topolnyski, Bruna Ramos Da Silva, D. Ian Paterson, Carla M. Prado, Anil A. Joy, Normand G. Boulé, Edith Pituskin, Mark J. Haykowsky, Richard B. Thompson
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2022)
Beyond circadian rhythms: emerging roles of ultradian rhythms in control of liver functions
Authors: Gad Asher, Bokai Zhu
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

The mammalian liver must cope with various metabolic and physiological changes that normally recur every day and primarily stem from daily cycles of rest‐activity and fasting‐feeding. Although a large body of evidence supports the reciprocal regulation of circadian rhythms and liver function, the research on the hepatic ultradian rhythms have largely been lagging behind. However, with the advent of more cost‐effective high‐throughput omics technologies, high‐resolution time‐lapse imaging, and more robust and powerful mathematical tools, several recent studies have shed new light on the presence and functions of hepatic ultradian rhythms. In this review, we will first very briefly discuss the basic principles of circadian rhythms, and then cover in greater details the recent literature related to ultradian rhythms. Specifically, we will highlight the prevalence and mechanisms of hepatic 12‐h rhythms, and 8‐h rhythms, which cycle at the second and third harmonics of circadian frequency. Finally, we also refer to ultradian rhythms with other frequencies and examine the limitations of the current approaches as well as the challenges related to identifying ultradian rhythm and addressing their molecular underpinnings.
Modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia identified in a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Viacheslav N. Kachalov, Stefan P. Kuster, Suraj Balakrishna, Peter W. Schreiber, Werner Jakob, Hugo Sax, Roger D. Kouyos, Aline Wolfensberger
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2022)
Heterologous gam-COVID-vac (sputnik V)/mRNA-1273 (moderna) vaccination induces a stronger humoral response than homologous sputnik V in a real-world data analysis
Authors: Matías J. Pereson, Lucas Amaya, Karin Neukam, Patricia Baré, Natalia Echegoyen, María Noel Badano, Alicia Lucero, Antonella Martelli, Gabriel H. Garcia, Cristina Videla, Alfredo P. Martínez, Federico A. Di Lello
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2022)
Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.621 (Mu) variant
Authors: Peter J. Halfmann, Makoto Kuroda, Tammy Armbrust, James Theiler, Ariane Balaram, Gage K. Moreno, Molly A. Accola, Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Riccardo Valdez, Emily Stoneman, Katarina Braun, Seiya Yamayoshi, Elizabeth Somsen, John J. Baczenas, Keiko Mitamura, Masao Hagihara, Eisuke Adachi, Michiko Koga, Matthew McLaughlin, William Rehrauer, Masaki Imai, Shinya Yamamoto, Takeya Tsutsumi, Makoto Saito, Thomas C. Friedrich, Shelby L. O’Connor, David H. O’Connor, Aubree Gordon, Bette Korber, Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2022)

The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.621 (Mu) variant emerged in January 2021 and was categorized as a variant of interest by the World Health Organization in August 2021. This designation prompted us to study the sensitivity of this variant to antibody neutralization. In a live virus neutralization assay with serum samples from individuals vaccinated with the Pfizer/BioNTech or Moderna mRNA vaccines, we measured neutralization antibody titers against B.1.621, an early isolate (spike 614D), and a variant of concern (B.1.351, Beta variant). We observed reduced neutralizing antibody titers against the B.1.621 variant (3.4- to 7-fold reduction, depending on the serum sample and time after the second vaccination) compared to the early isolate and a similar reduction when compared to B.1.351. Likewise, convalescent serum from hamsters previously infected with an early isolate neutralized B.1.621 to a lower degree. Despite this antibody titer reduction, hamsters could not be efficiently rechallenged with the B.1.621 variant, suggesting that the immune response to the first infection is adequate to provide protection against a subsequent infection with the B.1.621 variant.
Diabetes Screening and Monitoring Among Older Mexican-Origin Populations in the U.S.
Authors: Roopradha Datta, Jennifer A. Lucas, Miguel Marino, Benjamin Aceves, David Ezekiel-Herrera, Cirila Estela Vasquez Guzman, Sophia Giebultowicz, Katherine Chung-Bridges, Jorge Kaufmann, Andrew Bazemore, John Heintzman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

The purpose of the study is to examine diabetes screening and monitoring among Latino individuals as compared with non-Latino White individuals and to better understand how we can use neighborhood data to address diabetes care inequities.This is a retrospective observational study linked with neighborhood-level Latino subgroup data obtained from the American Community Survey. We used generalized estimating equation negative binomial and logistic regression models adjusted for patient-level covariates to compare annual rates of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) monitoring for those with diabetes and odds of HbA1c screening for those without diabetes by ethnicity and among Latinos living in neighborhoods with low (0.0-22.0%), medium (22.0-55.7%), and high (55.7-98.0%) population percent of Mexican origin.Latino individuals with diabetes had 18% higher rates of HbA1c testing than non-Latino White individuals with diabetes (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] 1.18 [95% CI 1.07-1.29]), and Latinos without diabetes had 25% higher odds of screening (adjusted odds ratio 1.25 [95% CI 1.15-1.36]) than non-Latino White individuals without diabetes. In the analyses in which neighborhood-level percent Mexican population was the main independent variable, all Latinos without diabetes had higher odds of HbA1c screening compared with non-Latino White individuals, yet only those living in low percent Mexican-origin neighborhoods had increased monitoring rates (aRR 1.31 [95% CI 1.15-1.49]).These findings reveal novel variation in health care utilization according to Latino subgroup neighborhood characteristics and could inform the delivery of diabetes care for a growing and increasingly diverse Latino patient population. Clinicians and researchers whose work focuses on diabetes care should take steps to improve equity in diabetes and prevent inequity in treatment.
Mobile phone data reveal the effects of violence on internal displacement in Afghanistan
Authors: Xiao Hui Tai, Shikhar Mehra, Joshua E. Blumenstock
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2022)

Abstract Nearly 50 million people globally have been internally displaced due to conflict, persecution and human rights violations. However, the study of internally displaced persons—and the design of policies to assist them—is complicated by the fact that these people are often underrepresented in surveys and official statistics. We develop an approach to measure the impact of violence on internal displacement using anonymized high-frequency mobile phone data. We use this approach to quantify the short- and long-term impacts of violence on internal displacement in Afghanistan, a country that has experienced decades of conflict. Our results highlight how displacement depends on the nature of violence. High-casualty events, and violence involving the Islamic State, cause the most displacement. Provincial capitals act as magnets for people fleeing violence in outlying areas. Our work illustrates the potential for non-traditional data sources to facilitate research and policymaking in conflict settings.
Widespread implementations of interactive social gaze neurons in the primate prefrontal-amygdala networks
Authors: Olga Dal Monte, Siqi Fan, Nicholas A. Fagan, Cheng-Chi J. Chu, Michael B. Zhou, Philip T. Putnam, Amrita R. Nair, Steve W.C. Chang
Journal: Neuron (2022)

Social gaze interaction powerfully shapes interpersonal communication. However, compared with social perception, very little is known about the neuronal underpinnings of real-life social gaze interaction. Here, we studied a large number of neurons spanning four regions in primate prefrontal-amygdala networks and demonstrate robust single-cell foundations of interactive social gaze in the orbitofrontal, dorsomedial prefrontal, and anterior cingulate cortices, in addition to the amygdala. Many neurons in these areas exhibited high temporal heterogeneity for social discriminability, with a selectivity bias for looking at a conspecific compared with an object. Notably, a large proportion of neurons in each brain region parametrically tracked the gaze of self or other, providing substrates for social gaze monitoring. Furthermore, several neurons displayed selective encoding of mutual eye contact in an agent-specific manner. These findings provide evidence of widespread implementations of interactive social gaze neurons in the primate prefrontal-amygdala networks during social gaze interaction.
Immune recall improves antibody durability and breadth to SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Yuezhou Chen, Pei Tong, Noah Whiteman, Ali Sanjari Moghaddam, Mehrdad Zarghami, Adam Zuiani, Shaghayegh Habibi, Avneesh Gautam, None Keerti, Caihong Bi, Tianshu Xiao, Yongfei Cai, Bing Chen, Donna Neuberg, Duane R. Wesemann
Journal: Science Immunology (2022)

Key features of immune memory are greater and faster antigen-specific antibody responses to repeat infection. In the setting of immune-evading viral evolution, it is important to understand how far antibody memory recognition stretches across viral variants when memory cells are recalled to action by repeat invasions. It is also important to understand how immune recall influences longevity of secreted antibody responses. We analyzed SARS-CoV-2 variant recognition; dynamics of memory B cells; and secreted antibody over time after infection, vaccination, and boosting. We find that a two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination regimen given after natural infection generated greater longitudinal antibody stability and induced maximal antibody magnitudes with enhanced breadth across Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron variants. A homologous third messenger RNA vaccine dose in COVID-naïve individuals conferred greater cross-variant evenness of neutralization potency with stability that was equal to the hybrid immunity conferred by infection plus vaccination. Within unvaccinated individuals who recovered from COVID, enhanced antibody stability over time was observed within a subgroup of individuals who recovered more quickly from COVID and harbored significantly more memory B cells cross-reactive to endemic coronaviruses early after infection. These cross-reactive clones map to the conserved S2 region of SARS-CoV-2 spike with higher somatic hypermutation levels and greater target affinity. We conclude that SARS-CoV-2 antigen challenge histories in humans influence not only the speed and magnitude of antibody responses but also functional cross-variant antibody repertoire composition and longevity.
Technology and Surgical Training—Friend or Foe?
Authors: Vahagn C. Nikolian, John Stowers, Karen J. Brasel
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Rapid Exclusion of Acute Myocardial Injury and Infarction With a Single High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T in the Emergency Department: A Multicenter United States Evaluation
Authors: Yader Sandoval, Bradley R. Lewis, Ramila A. Mehta, Olatunde Ola, Jonathan D. Knott, Laura De Michieli, Ashok Akula, Ronstan Lobo, Eric H. Yang, S. Michael Gharacholou, Marshall Dworak, Erika Crockford, Nicholas Rastas, Eric Grube, Swetha Karturi, Scott Wohlrab, David O. Hodge, Tahir Tak, Charles Cagin, Rajiv Gulati, Allan S. Jaffe
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: There are good data to support using a single high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) below the limit of detection of 5 ng/L to exclude acute myocardial infarction. Per the US Food and Drug Administration, hs-cTnT can only report to the limit of quantitation of 6 ng/L, a threshold for which there are limited data. Our goal was to determine whether a single hs-cTnT below the limit of quantitation of 6 ng/L is a safe strategy to identify patients at low risk for acute myocardial injury and infarction. Methods: The efficacy (proportion identified as low risk based on baseline hs-cTnT&lt;6 ng/L) of identifying low-risk patients was examined in a multicenter (n=22 sites) US cohort study of emergency department patients undergoing at least 1 hs-cTnT (CV Data Mart Biomarker cohort). We then determined the performance of a single hs-cTnT&lt;6 ng/L (biomarker alone) to exclude acute myocardial injury (subsequent hs-cTnT &gt;99th percentile in those with an initial hs-cTnT&lt;6 ng/L). The clinically intended rule-out strategy combining a nonischemic ECG with a baseline hs-cTnT&lt;6 ng/L was subsequently tested in an adjudicated cohort in which the diagnostic performance for ruling out acute myocardial infarction and safety (myocardial infarction or death at 30 days) were evaluated. Results: A total of 85 610 patients were evaluated in the CV Data Mart Biomarker cohort, among which 24 646 (29%) had a baseline hs-cTnT&lt;6 ng/L. Women were more likely than men to have hs-cTnT&lt;6 ng/L (38% versus 20%, P &lt;0.0001). Among 11 962 patients with baseline hs-cTnT&lt;6 ng/L and serial measurements, only 1.2% developed acute myocardial injury, resulting in a negative predictive value of 98.8% (95% CI, 98.6–99.0) and sensitivity of 99.6% (95% CI, 99.5–99.6). In the adjudicated cohort, a nonischemic ECG with hs-cTnT&lt;6 ng/L identified 33% of patients (610/1849) as low risk and resulted in a negative predictive value and sensitivity of 100% and a 30-day rate of 0.2% for myocardial infarction or death. Conclusions: A single hs-cTnT below the limit of quantitation of 6 ng/L is a safe and rapid method to identify a substantial number of patients at very low risk for acute myocardial injury and infarction.