tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Kwon and colleagues explored the role of the nuclear protein HMGB2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The mRNA and protein expression levels of HMGB2 were significantly elevated in HCC and increased expression of HMGB2 was associated with poor prognosis. Further, silencing of HMGB2 by siRNA decreased HCC cell survival and overexpression of HMGB2 suppressed cisplatin- and etoposide-induced apoptotic cell death in vitro. These findings suggest that HMGB2 expression has biological and clinical implications as an important prognostic factor associated with antiapoptotic pathways in HCC.The EGFR T790M mutation and MET amplification are the two main molecular mechanisms responsible for acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in patients with non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). To explore their relationship, Suda and colleagues analyzed lung cancer cell lines and gefitinib-refractory tumors from autopsy patients. They found that these two resistance mechanisms exhibited a reciprocal and complementary relationship, with a MET amplification of four-fold or greater and EGFR T790M being almost mutually exclusive. These findings have implications in both the prevention and therapy of secondary resistance to EGFR TKIs in NSCLC.The 5T4 antigen is expressed on the surface of most solid tumors. Amato and colleagues conducted a phase III study in which modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) was used to deliver 5T4 (MVA-5T4) to patients with renal cancer. MVA-5T4 was well tolerated, but did not result in significantly enhanced survival relative to controls. Exploratory analyses showed that a 5T4 antibody response was associated with enhanced survival and that several pretreatment hematologic factors may identify patients who receive significant benefit from MVA- 5T4. These observations could lead to the development of an early biomarker of efficacy and help to select patients most likely to benefit from treatment.There has been limited study of dendritic cell (DC) vaccines in the adjuvant setting after resection of metastatic tumors, in general, and colorectal cancer, in particular. Barth and colleagues conducted a clinical trial in which patients were treated with a DC vaccine in the adjuvant setting after resection of metastatic disease. They found that an autologous tumor lysate–pulsed DC vaccine could induce immune responses against autologous tumor in over 60% of patients. Patients who developed an autologous tumor– specific immune response had improved recurrence-free survival.
Bilateral Hilar Adenopathy
Authors: HANS E. EINSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 May 1973Bilateral Hilar AdenopathyHANS E. EINSTEIN, M.D.HANS E. EINSTEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-787 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their article (Ann Intern Med78:65-71, 1973), Winterbauer, Belic, and Moores categorically state that "bilateral hilar adenopathy in asymptomatic patients with negative physical examinations or in association with erythema nodosum or uveitis should be considered a priori evidence of sarcoidosis, and biopsy confirmation of the diagnosis is not necessary." In the Southwestern United States, where coccidioidomycosis occurs in various degrees of endemism, from the Oregon border south into Mexico and as far west as Texas, the clinical constellation described by the authors indicates progressive primary coccidioidomycosis much more commonly than sarcoidosis. The occurrence of erythema nodosum...Reference References1. EINSTEIN H: Coccidioidomycosis, in Management of Fungus Diseases of the Lungs, edited by BUECHNER HA. Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1971 Google Scholar1. WERNERPAPPAGIANISHEINDL SDI: An epidemic of coccidioidomycosis among archeology students in northern California. N Engl J Med 286:507-512, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. BUECHNERSEABURYCAMPBELL HJC: The current status of serologic, immunologic, and skin tests in the diagnosis of pulmonary mycosis. Chest 63:259-270, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 2441 G St.Bakersfield, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMediastinoscopy in Patients With Presumptive Stage I SarcoidosisDisseminated coccidioidomycosis in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndromePrimary CoccidioidomycosisComparison of Biopsy Procedures in Intrathoracic Sarcoidosis 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 787-787KeywordsBiopsyCoccidioidomycosisErythemaSarcoidosisUveitis Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Ophthalmic Graves's Disease
Authors: H. J. L. Webb
Journal: BMJ (1967)

biliary reflux into the stomach which he has shown in these patients.It is suggested the epsilon amino-caproic acid therapy would be worthy of trial in patients with multiple bleeding gastric erosions.Suitable patients would be selected after gastroscopy or after surgery that is followed by recurrent bleeding.The drug could be administered parenterally, or into the stomach, or both.-I am, etc.,
Antimicrobial Therapy for Otitis Media With Effusion ('Secretory' Otitis Media)
Authors: Erdem I. Cantekin
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment for otitis media with effusion ("secretory" otitis media) in children. <h3>Data Source.</h3> —We report the reexamination of a previously published study by Mandel et al that evaluated the efficacy of a 2-week course of antimicrobials (amoxicillin trihydrate) with and without a 4-week course of an oral decongestant-antihistamine combination in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial involving 518 infants and children with otitis media with effusion. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —At 4 weeks, amoxicillin efficacy as determined by a tympanometric criterion (<i>P</i>=.121) or by a measure of improvement in hearing (<i>P</i>=.311) was insignificant. Only by otoscopic judgment, which is shown to contain a systematic bias as used in this clinical trial, could an argument be made for a marginal efficacy of amoxicillin at the 4-week end point. Logistic regression analyses of the combined effects of treatment and prognostic factors showed no significant differences between placebo- and antibiotic-treated groups for unilateral effusions and for bilateral effusions. When subjects with unilateral and bilateral effusions were combined, the estimated efficacy of antibiotic treatment was 12.3% by otoscopy (<i>P</i>=.014) and 4.8% by tympanometry (<i>P</i>=.171). We also demonstrate the sensitivity of outcome to diagnostic measures used and provide statistical evidence questioning the validity of otoscopic observations in this study. Six weeks after the termination of amoxicillin therapy, the recurrence of effusion was two to six times higher in the amoxicillin-treated children than in those treated with placebo (<i>P</i>=.001), and resolution of effusion was not significantly different among antibiotic and placebo groups (13.6% and 11.3%, respectively;<i>P</i>=.477). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Amoxicillin with and without decongestant-antihistamine combination is not effective for the treatment of persistent asymptomatic middle-ear effusions in infants and children. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:3309-3317)
Cognitive Impairment in Primary Care
Authors: Christopher M. Callahan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 January 1996Cognitive Impairment in Primary CareChristopher M. Callahan, MD and William M. Tierney, MDChristopher M. Callahan, MDRegenstrief Institute for Health Care; Indianapolis, IN 46202 and William M. Tierney, MDRegenstrief Institute for Health Care; Indianapolis, IN 46202Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-2-199601150-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:As stated in the section in our paper on limitations, the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMQ) "is less sensitive in screening for cognitive impairment than longer instruments or structured interviews" [1]. The administration time must be addressed, however, when determining the usefulness of a screening instrument; shorter instruments take less time to administer. We specifically disagree with the suggestion that the SPMQ is an inadequate screening instrument for cognitive impairment. In the letter to the editor cited by Dr. Nardone, he and Dr. Gorman present a table showing the test characteristics of various mental status examinations [2]. ...References1. Callahan CM, Hendrie HC, Tierney WM. Documentation and evaluation of cognitive impairment in elderly primary care patients. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:422-9. Google Scholar2. Nardone DA, Gorman PN. Cognitive screening tests [Letter]. J Gen Intern Med. 1991; 6:267. Google Scholar3. Erkinjuntti T, Sulkava R, Wikstrom J, Autio L. Short portable mental status questionnaire as a screening test for dementia and delirium among the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1987; 35:412-6. Google Scholar4. Lachs MS, Feinstein AR, Cooney LM, et al. A simple procedure for general screening for functional disability in elderly patients. Ann Intern Med. 1990; 112:699-706. Google Scholar5. Klein LE, Roca RP, McArthur J, et al. Diagnosing dementia: univariate and multivariate analyses of the mental status examination. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1985; 33:483-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Regenstrief Institute for Health Care; Indianapolis, IN 46202 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1996Volume 124, Issue 2Page: 273-274KeywordsBrainCognitive impairmentDementiaInpatientsMini mental state examinationQuestionnairesShort term memorySpecificity Issue Published: 15 January 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Evidence for Self-selection Among Health Maintenance Organization Enrollees
Authors: Marilyn Jackson-Beeck
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Inpatient utilization and health care costs of employees and their families were studied for 11 employee groups covered by Blue Cross and Blue Shield in the Minneapolis-St Paul area during the year before optional health maintenance organization (HMO) enrollment. Before enrolling in HMOs, those joining averaged 53% fewer inpatient days (470 days/1,000<i>v</i>994 days/1,000) than those retaining fee-for-service (FFS) coverage. Both hospital and professional expenditures were lower among HMO enrollees. Age-specific analysis showed higher inpatient use of continuing FFS subscribers in every category. Self-selection may be an important determinant of differences in use and costs when comparing HMOs with FFS coverage. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:2826-2829)
Venereal Disease: Its Prevention, Symptoms and Treatment.
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acquired Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis—Buenaventura, Colombia, 1998
Journal: JAMA (1998)

In 1996, the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in Colombia was 26.5 per 100,000 population, and mortality was 3.4 per 100,000; in comparison, the incidence in Buenaventura, a port town on the Pacific coast, was 90.5 per 100,000, and mortality was 9.4 per 100,000. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) (i.e., Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates resistant to at least isoniazid [INH] and rifampin [RIF]) was not known because susceptibility testing is not performed routinely, and data on drug resistance for the country have not been collected systematically. During October-November 1997, at the request of the Secretary of Health in Cali, Colombia, the International Center for Training and Medical Investigation in Cali performed sputum cultures for M. tuberculosis and drug-susceptibility testing on isolates from 18 (75%) of 24 TB patients in Buenaventura who were known to be clinically unresponsive to standard TB treatment. MDR-TB was identified in 12 (67%) of these patients, four of whom subsequently died. In March 1998, the International Center for Training and Medical Investigation and the Secretary of Health of Colombia invited CDC to participate in an investigation of these patients with MDR-TB. This report summarizes the findings of this investigation, which indicated that inconsistencies in treatment may have contributed to this outbreak, and provides recommendations for the prevention and control of MDR-TB in Buenaventura.
Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study Shows Results Better When Drugs Abet Life-style Changes
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1993)

COMBINED DRUG and life-style therapies do more than life-style changes alone to reduce blood pressure in people with so-called stage 1 hypertension, according to the results of a 5-year study. One-third fewer heart attacks, strokes, and instances of angina pectoris and other minor cardiovascular problems occurred in people who took any one of five drugs and also lost weight, increased their physical activity, and/or cut their sodium chloride and alcohol intake than in those who made the living changes but did not take the drugs. Richard H. Grimm, Jr, MD, associate professor, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, presented details of the Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study (TOMHS) at the 65th annual scientific sessions of the American Heart Association, held in New Orleans, La. The study evaluated 345 women and 557 men, 45 to 69 years of age, at four clinical centers for 4½ years. Twenty percent of
Expression of Oncodevelopmental Gene Products by Human Tumor Cells in Culture&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Paul D. Neuwald, Carmen Anderson, William O. Salivar, Paul H. Aldenderfer, William C. Dermody, Bruce D. Weintraub, Saul W. Rosen, Walter A. Nelson-Rees, Raymond W. Ruddon
 6
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Sixty-seven human tumor cell lines and 15 lines derived from normal tissue were examined for the production of the oncodevelopmental markers carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha and beta subunits of chorionic gonadotropin, placental and nonplacental forms of alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltransferase, cystyl aminopeptidase, and calcitonin. Both intracellular and extracellular levels of these markers were determined at three phases during the growth of each culture. Sixty-eight percent of the cell lines produced elevated levels (≥90th percentile) of at least one marker. Of those, 46% produced elevated levels of one marker only, 29% produced two, 22% produced three, and 4% produced four markers. No cell line produced more than four markers at elevated levels. In most instances, however, the expression of any two particular markers was discordant. For approximately 50% of the possible marker pairs, Spearman rank-ordered correlation analyses showed significant negative correlations, indicating that when one marker was produced at elevated levels by a given cell line, other markers were usually absent or produced at relatively low levels. In no instance was a significant positive correlation found between two markers. These data indicated that, although most human malignant cells examined produced one or more oncodevelopmental gene markers at elevated levels, no predictable coexpression of any two of the markers was seen.
Increased Susceptibility to Tumor Cell Immunosuppressive Effect in Tumor-Bearing Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Compared to normal hosts, tumor-bearing BALB/c mice were more susceptible to the immunosuppressive effect of tumor cells. At least a tenfold increase was found in the susceptibility mediated by a population of radioresistant spleen adherent cells (AC). The experiments were performed by the study of the suppressive effect of tumor cells on the generation of cytotoxic T-cells in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture reactions and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture reactions. Fewer tumor cells were needed to suppress the T-cellmediated cytotoxic responses of tumor bearers compared to normal hosts. A normal spleen population could be made to react like the tumor-bearing host by first depletion of its normal macrophages and then reconstitution with spleen AC from tumor bearers. Conversely, reconstitution of the macrophage-depleted tumor bearer's spleen with normal spleen AC made the tumor bearer react like the normal host. Furthermore, tumor cells were needed to trigger the spleen AC of the tumor bearer to fully exert their effect.
Amniographic Diagnosis of Trophoblastic Disease
Authors: Aaron H. Gerber
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The importance of early diagnosis of trophoblastic tumors, in order to prevent a drastic outcome, is stressed by Hsu in a review of a large series of cases of trophoblastic disease.<sup>1</sup>Nevertheless, difficulties in the diagnosis of molar pregnancy by available clinical means and laboratory methods are frequently emphasized.<sup>2</sup>It is natural, therefore, that with the introduction of aqueous contrast media, and acceptance of amniocentesis, there is a renewed interest in amniography for diagnosis of hydatid mole. Menees et al first employed amniography in 1930 for placental localization.<sup>3</sup>Torres and Pelegrina,<sup>4</sup>Goldstein and Reid,<sup>5</sup>and others<sup>6</sup>described a method which utilized a radiologic technique and which yielded definitive diagnosis in such cases. The following cases afforded the opportunity for corroborative study. <h3>Report of a Case.—Case 1.—</h3> A 19-year-old primigravida was admitted because of vaginal bleeding following a period of
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Telomerase activation is a major mechanism governing tumor self-renewal and plays an important role in relapse of pediatric tumors. Here, Castelo-Branco and colleagues studied telomerase activation in glioma samples. They found that telomerase was absent in the majority of tumor cells and was only active in the tumor-initiating cell (TIC) cancer subpopulation. Telomerase inhibition resulted in TIC exhaustion due to irreversible loss of self-renewal capabilities. In contrast, normal neural stem cells had undetectable telomerase activity and were insensitive to telomerase inhibition. Targeting TIC self-renewal may represent a novel and safe therapeutic approach to prevent tumor recurrence in pediatric cancers.Some studies have suggested that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations play a critical role in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer in never-smokers. To explore the involvement of environmental tobacco smoke in this process, Kawaguchi and colleagues administered a detailed questionnaire to never-smokers with non-small cell lung cancer. They found that female gender and longer exposure to environmental tobacco smoke were significantly associated with activating EGFR mutations. These findings suggest that long and low-dose carcinogen exposure may affect the development of EGFR mutations in never-smokers with lung cancer.Designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) are useful binding molecules for tumor targeting that lack some limitations of antibodies. Here, Martin-Killias and colleagues used a high-affinity DARPin (specific for the carcinoma-associated antigen EpCAM) and a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A to generate a new fusion toxin. The fusion toxin expressed well in bacteria and specifically reduced the viability of EpCAM-positive carcinoma cells in vitro. Further, the fusion toxin showed potent antitumor effects in vivo, and optical imaging of tumor-xenografted mice showed efficient tumor localization. This DARPin-toxin fusion protein holds promise for clinical development to improve tumor targeting.Cell lines have been used extensively in cancer research to study aberrant pathways and evaluate therapeutics. Recently, interest has grown in primary tumor xenografts because they may represent more clinically relevant models. However, not all non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors implanted into mice grow. To explore factors associated with engraftment, John and colleagues implanted 157 resected NSCLC tumors into immunosuppressed mice. They found that squamous cell, poorly differentiated, and KRAS mutant tumors had higher rates of engraftment. The ability to engraft was a strong independent predictor of early relapse for patients, suggesting engrafting tumors are biologically more aggressive.
Relationship Between Concanavalin A-Induced Agglutinability of Murine Leukemia Cells and Their Propensity To Form Heterotypic Aggregates With Syngeneic Lymphoid Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn4"&gt;4&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: G.P. Phondke, K.R. Madyastha, P.R. Madyastha, Rolf F. Barth
 7
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

The agglutinabilities of the murine leukemia cell lines L1210, P388, RBL, and C1498 were determined in the presence of concanavalin A (Con A) by a quantitative cytoagglutination assay. The propensity of these cells to form heterotypic aggregates with normal syngeneic spleen cells, those obtained from mice carrying the respective leukemias in ascitic form, and syngeneic lung cells also was determined. Con A caused agglutination of all five types of leukemia cells and the resulting agglutination patterns had certain characteristics. Threshold concentrations of Con A, below which no significant cytoagglutination occurred, were very low. A steady increase in C, a previously defined index of agglutination that simultaneously takes into account the number of free cells and the number and size of the aggregates, was observed with increasing concentrations of Con A until a plateau was reached at 25-50 μml and this extended over a wide range of lectin concentrations (501,000 μg/ml). Self-aggregation of leukemia cells was not observed, and their propensity to form heterotypic aggregates with syngeneic lung cells was negligible. However, all leukemia cell lines formed measurable aggregates with spleen cells from both normal and leukemia-bearing mice: these aggregates usually reached a maximum plateau between 30 and 35 minutes of incubation and remained constant thereafter. Aggregation of leukemia cells with spleen cells from leukemic mice always was greater than that with spleen cells from normal mice. Con A agglutinability of leukemia cells was correlated with their propensity to form heterotypic aggregates, which suggests that Con A receptor carbohydrate moieties may be involved in the intercellular adhesion leading to heterotypic aggregate formation.