tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infection Control Requirements for Dialysis Facilities and Clarification Regarding Guidance on Parenteral Medication Vials
Journal: JAMA (2008)

In April 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) published in the Federal Register its final rule on Conditions for Coverage for End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Facilities. The rule establishes new conditions dialysis facilities must meet to be certified under the Medicare program and is intended to update CMS standards for delivery of quality care to dialysis patients. CDC's 2001 Recommendations for Preventing Transmission of Infections among Chronic Hemodialysis Patients have been incorporated by reference into the new CMS conditions for coverage. Thus, effective October 14, 2008, all ESRD facilities are expected to follow the CDC recommendations as a condition for receiving Medicare payment for outpatient dialysis services.
Stat Bite: Persons Living With Major Cancers in the United States, 1998
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1998)

approach of generating monoclonal antibodies from mice immunized with human tumor cells."We had to use high cut-offs in order not to overlap with normal samples [which also had measurable levels of these proteins]," noted Kenneth Kinzler, Ph.D., senior author on the study, referring to the combined assay."But what's exciting is it's a totally molecular thing.You can see [a protein is] elevated in the cancer, make the prediction that it might be elevated in the serum and then demonstrate that it is."However, the TIMP-1 experiments were not a slam dunk.Although serum levels of the protein were on average significantly higher in pancreatic cancer patients compared to the other groups, Zhou et al. nevertheless ran into problems with TIMP-1 alone as a tumor marker.They found that serum levels of the protein varied widely among pancreatic cancer patients, increasing the likelihood that testing only for TIMP-1 would lead to a relatively high rate of false positivity.Because pancreatic cancer is rare, even as low as a 5% rate of false positivity may be unacceptable for clinical medicine.
PROSTATECTOMY.REPORT OF 51 CASES OPERATED ON FROM MAY 6. 1901. TO FEBRUARY 26, 1904.
Authors: JOHN B. MURPHY
Journal: JAMA (1904)

<h3>&gt;TECHNIC OF PERINEAL OPERATION.</h3> The incision is made in the median line of the perineum to within three-quarters of an inch of the anal orifice. The latter limbs of the incision now diverge from each other in an oblique direction on each side of the anus to the margin of the ramus and backward to the level of the posterior anal corrugations. The scalpel is used to divide the superficial perineal fascia, and the handle is then used to separate the muscle fibers in each lateral incision down to the deep perineal fascia and capsule of the prostate. This leaves the median raphe and the tissues for one-half inch on each side of it intact. By following this plan and always separating the muscular fibers in a backward and outward direction, the rectum is safe from injury. After the completion of the lateral incisions the
Highlights
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Fluoxetine for Obsessive-Compulsive Behaviors 1561Autism spectrum disorders are characterized, in part, by restricted and repetitive behaviors that can interfere with everyday functioning.Reddihough and colleagues randomized 146 children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and found that fl uoxetine, compared with placebo, resulted in signifi cantly lower scores for obsessive-compulsive behaviors at 16 weeks.In an Editorial, King emphasizes that unwelcome repetitive behaviors should be diff erentiated from repetitive behaviors that may be adaptive or pleasurable.
Ultrastructure of Haemic Cells
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Education is to hold a meeting on 3 Apeil at the Hospital Centre, London, on the educa- tional potential of the problem oriented medical record.The meeting will include a brief introduction to the record, a review of its educational aspects, and case studies of its use at undergraduate, hospital junior doctor, and general practitioner levels.Further information from ASME office, 150b
Testicular Toxicity Produced by Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl and Monoethyl Ethers in the Rat
Authors: Paul M. D. Foster, Dianne M. Creasy, John R. Foster, Tim J. B. Gray
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGEE) were administered orally to young male rats at doses varying from 50 to 500 mg/kg/day and 250 to 1000 mg/kg/day for EGME and EGEE, respectively, for 11 days. At sequential times animals were killed and testicular histology examined. The initial and major site of damage following EGME treatment was restricted to the primary spermatocytes undergoing postzygotene meiotic maturation and division. EGEE produced damage of an identical nature, but a larger dose was required to elicit equivalent severity (500 mg EGEE/kg being approximately equivalent to 100 mg EGME/kg). Additionally, within the spermatocyte population, differential sensitivity was observed depending on the precise stage of meiotic maturation: dividing (stage XIV) and early pachytene (stages I-II) greater than late pachytene (stages VIII-XIII) greater than mid-pachytene (stages III-VII). Equivalent doses of methoxyacetic acid (MAA) and ethoxyacetic acid (EAA) gave injury similar to the corresponding glycol ether. When animals were pretreated with inhibitors of alcohol metabolism followed by a testicular toxic dose of EGME (500 mg/kg), an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase (pyrazole) offered complete protection. Pretreatment with the aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors disulfiram or pargyline did not ameliorate the testicular toxicity of EGME. In mixed cultures of Sertoli-germ cells, MAA and not EGME produced effects on spermatocytes analogous to that seen in vivo, at concentrations approximately equivalent to steady-state plasma levels after a single oral dose of EGME (500 mg/kg). It would seem likely that a metabolite (MAA or possibly methoxyacetaldehyde) and not EGME is responsible for the production of testicular damage.
MAY A PHYSICIAN PREPARE HIS OWN DEATH CERTIFICATE?
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The high way: driving under influences other than alcohol
Authors: K. E. Saylor
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We note with pleasure the results of Dr Devor with an independent series of patients with Tourette's syndrome. He reports an increase in the prevalence of the<i>D2A1</i>allele from 20% in mild, uncomplicated cases of Tourette's syndrome to 39% in severe cases with obsessive-compulsive disorder and/or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, thus supporting the concept that this allele modifies the severity of Tourette's syndrome. We present some additional data on the prevalence of the<i>D2A1</i>allele and severity that have been genotyped to date (Table). The Table shows a progressive increase in the prevalence of the<i>D2A1</i>allele from mild (grade 1), to moderate (grade 2), to severe (grade 3) cases. When compared with a total of 394 nonalcoholic, non-Hispanic, white controls in whom the prevalence of the<i>D2A1</i>allele was 26.1%, the results for the grades 2 and 3 groups were significant. Both sets of results are consistent
REGENERATION OF MUSCLE.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pressure relieving support surfaces (PRESSURE) trial: cost effectiveness analysis
Journal: BMJ (2006)

sites in 16 countries, the initial merger of existing databases has yielded a primary group of 2200 well characterised patients with definite infective endocarditis by the Duke criteria, allowing the assessment of regional differences in presentation and outcome.Indeed, analysis of the dataset has already enabled valuable insight into emerging epidemiological patterns of the disease and its clinical presentation.w18-w21 In future, this platform will provide the basis for sorely needed adequately sized randomised clinical trials in the management and treatment of infective endocarditis.w22 w23 The futureSeveral exciting developments offer the prospect of improved prevention and treatment of infective endocarditis.Vaccines targeted at specific bacterial adhesins may inhibit valve colonisation, and newer antibacterial agents with novel effects may attenuate the invasive properties of virulent organisms such as Staph aureus. 1 Finally, modified biomaterials in development may reduce the risk of infective endocarditis in patients with artificial heart valves or other intracardiac prosthetic material.However, despite these advances, the diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis remain a considerable challenge across the range of medical disciplines.
BURIED LUMEN-APPOSING METAL STENT (LAMS) IN ESOPHAGO-GASTRIC ANASTOMOSIS: THE LAMS-IN-LAMS RESCUE TREATMENT
Authors: S Bazaga, P Chahal, R Sánchez-Ocaña, A Yaiza Carbajo, FJ García-Alonso, C de la Serna Higuera, M Pérez-Miranda
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

A 61-year-old man presented with progressive dysphagia and post prandial vomiting one year after undergoing esophago-gastric anastomosis for adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction. Upper endoscopy revealed a high grade, 1 cm long anastomotic stricture at 25 cm from incisors which failed to respond to multiple, serial 15 mm balloon dilation sessions. He subsequently underwent uneventful 15 mm diameter lumen apposing metal stent ((LAMS), Axios, Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA) placement. This resulted in complete resolution of his symptoms. At six month follow up endoscopy, almost the entire LAMS was found to be embedded with significant tissue overgrowth. A second 15 mm LAMS was placed with “stent within stent” technique, completely overlapping the first LAMS. During three month follow up endoscopy, both LAMS were easily removed in an atraumatic fashion using a rat-tooth forceps. Post removal inspection of the first LAMS revealed complete disintegration of the coating which led to its embedding due to the prolonged in-dwell time.
Reply
Authors: Tian Yang, Han Zhang, Jun Han, Meng‐Chao Wu, Feng Shen
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 81472284 and 81672699), the Shanghai Pujiang Program (grant 16PJD004), and the Shanghai Young Talent Program. Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. Author names in bold designate shared co‐first authorship. We thank Moris and Felekouras for their interest in our paper on emphasizing patient preference in surgical resection for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beyond the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) guideline, and we appreciate their comments. As the authors mention, there is space for refinement of the current guidelines and treatment algorithms for HCC, especially with regard to surgical resection. Despite the substantial evidence indicating the safety, efficacy, and—most importantly—curability of hepatic resection for patients with intermediate or advanced HCC or with HCC involving portal hypertension,1 some official guidelines do not recommend it as a treatment option. Therefore, surgical resection with a possibility of cure cannot be implemented on potential candidates with legitimate justifications. Another example is the associating liver partition and portal vein ligation in staged hepatectomy,2 a novel surgical technique for patients with insufficient liver remnant for primary resection, who would never be surgical candidates according to the BCLC criteria in the first place. However, it has been proven safe and effective in many patients who were considered nonresectable previously. If we consider the guidelines for HCC treatment in Asian countries, we may find that they reflect a more "opt‐out" attitude toward surgical treatment. In some guidelines, such as the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver recommendations3 and the Hong Kong Liver Cancer staging system, resection is generally the preferred treatment for all HCC patients with technically resectable tumors and adequate liver function to withstand surgery. There is a Chinese proverb that says "seek common ground while reserving difference." Evidence suggests that expanding the criteria for hepatic resection in selective patients can increase the chance of cure and is associated with potentially greater clinical benefits without adverse outcomes.4 In addition, emerging evidence shows that the efficacy of resection in many patients may be higher when combined with other treatment modalities.5 Therefore, with multidisciplinary cooperation and refinement of guidelines, we as hepatic surgeons can be confident in saying that the next step—a complete cure—is almost sure to follow, just as the child who eagerly rescues dying fishes on the shore.
Human Biomonitoring of Arsenic and Antimony in Case of an Elevated Geogenic Exposure
Authors: Thomas W. Gebel, Roland H. R. Suchenwirth, Claudia Bolten, H. Hartmut Dunkelberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Part of the northern Palatinate region in Germany is characterized by elevated levels of arsenic and antimony in the soil due to the presence of ore sources and former mining activities. In a biomonitoring study, 218 residents were investigated for a putative increased intake of these elements. Seventy-six nonexposed subjects in a rural region in south lower Saxony were chosen as the reference group. Urine and scalp hair samples were obtained as surrogates to determine the internal exposures to arsenic and antimony. The analyses were performed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry except for arsenic in urine, which was determined by the hydride technique. This method does not detect organoarsenicals from seafood, which are not toxicologically relevant. In the northern Palatinate subjects, slightly elevated arsenic contents in urine and scalp hair (presumably not hazardous) could be correlated with an increased arsenic content in the soil. On the other hand, the results did not show a correlation between the antimony contents in the soil of the housing area and those in urine and hair. Except for antimony in scalp hair, age tended to be associated with internal exposures to arsenic and antimony in both study groups. Consumption of seafood had a slight impact on the level of urinary arsenic, which is indicative of the presence of low quantities of inorganic arsenicals and dimethylarsinic acid in seafood. The arsenic and antimony contents in scalp hair were positively correlated with the 24-hr arsenic excretion in urine. However, antimony in scalp hair was not correlated with seafood consumption as was arsenic in scalp hair and in urine. This indicated the existence of unidentified common pathways of exposure contributing to the alimentary body burden. Short time peaks in the 24-hr excretion of arsenic in urine, which could not be assigned to a high consumption of seafood, were detected for six study participants. This suggests that additional factors relevant in the exposure to arsenic are still unidentified.
In This Issue
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

DNA-PKcs: a new candidate gene for SCIDSome individuals with the inherited primary immunodeficiency disease SCID lack both B cells and T cells (i.e., they have T -B -SCID).It is caused by defects in V(D)J recombination, and in most cases this is a result of mutations in either RAG1 or RAG2.Most of the remaining patients are hypersensitive to ionizing radiation, i.e., they have radiosensitive T -B -SCID (RS-SCID).Many of these individuals have mutations in either Artemis or LIG4, resulting in defects in the nonhomologous endjoining (NHEJ) DNA repair pathway and thus failure of functional V(D)J recombination.However, van der Burg and colleagues have now identified a patient with RS-SCID who has a missense mutation (L3062R) in the gene encoding DNAdependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) (pages 91-98).The mutation resulted in Ig genes with long P-nucleotide stretches in the coding joints.Surprisingly, mutant DNA-PKcs protein exhibited normal kinase activity.Further, it accumulated at the appropriate sites and retained the ability to recruit the NHEJ protein Artemis to these sites.However, it was unable to induce sufficient Artemis activation, leading to a defect in NHEJ and thereby V(D)J recombination.The authors therefore conclude that DNA-PKcs is a candidate gene for RS-SCID, even in individuals who have normal DNA-PKcs kinase activity.
Epidemiological Bases for the Current Ambient Carbon Monoxide Standards
Authors: Lewis H. Kuller, Edward P. Radford
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Carbon monoxide is widely distributed in the environment, and acute or chronic toxic effects may be of considerable public health significance. A review of the basis for current ambient standards is given. Mortality and morbidity studies have been negative or equivocal in relating carbon monoxide levels to health effects, but studies in human subjects with compromised coronary or peripheral circulation support an effect of acute exposure to CO at blood levels equivalent to about 20 ppm over several hours. It is possible that some of the cardiovascular effects of smoking may be related to the high levels of CO in cigarette smoke, but it has been difficult to isolate the contribution of CO independent of the effects of other smoke constituents.
Acquired hypothyroidism as a predictive marker of outcome in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs): A literature-based meta-analysis.
Authors: Andreas Demetrios Nearchou, Antonis Valachis, Pehr A. Lind, Olof Akre, Per Sandstrom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e15567 Background: The development of hypothyroidism in patients with mRCC during treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) sunitinib and sorafenib is a well-established side effect. The potential role of hypothyroidism as predictive marker of outcome has been studied with conflicting results. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to assess the predictive value of hypothyroidism for both progression free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with mRCC treated with TKI. Methods: We searched PubMed as well as the electronic abstract databases of the major international congresses’ proceedings to identify all eligible studies which reported a correlation of the development of hypothyroidism during treatment with TKI and outcome in patients with mRCC. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PFS and OS were obtained from these publications and pooled in a meta-analysis by using random-effects or fixed-effects models based on the heterogeneity of the included studies. Results: Eleven studies with a total of 500 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We found no statistical significant difference in PFS between patients who developed hypothyroidism and patients without hypothyroidism during sunitinib therapy (HR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.59-1.13, p-value = 0.22) (6 studies; 250 patients). For studies that included patients treated with either sunitinib or sorafenib, the development of hypothyroidism was found to be predictive for longer progression free survival (HR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.42-0.84, p-value = 0.003) (3 studies; 205 patients). The HR for OS was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.31-0.87, p-value = 0.01) for patients who developed hypothyroidism during sunitinib therapy compared to patients without hypothyroidism (4 studies; 147 patients). Conclusions: The development of hypothyroidism during TKIs therapy is not clearly shown to be predictive in patients with mRCC. The observed advantage in overall survival for patients with treatment related hypothyroidism should be interpreted with caution due to the potential imbalance of treatments received after first line treatment in each group.
Preventive medicine and public health
Authors: W. H. Foege
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The key public health stories of 1990 involved the interface of science and politics, but unfortunately these stories do not yet include a solution to the problems of medical access experienced by many people in our country or the health gap between whites and minorities.<sup>1</sup> On September 30, 1990, the heads of state for 71 countries met at the United Nations in New York, NY, at the Summit for Children to discuss child survival and child health. High-level delegations were present from an additional 69 countries. The significance of this health meeting is underscored by the fact that never before have so many leaders from various countries gathered for any reason. Careful background preparations had been made by the health leaders in the countries represented, by the United Nations' agencies, and by work groups of bilateral and multilateral health workers.<sup>2,3</sup> At the end of the day the attendees
Renin in the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension. Activity in renal and peripheral vein plasma
Authors: B. M. Winer
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Renin activity was assayed in plasma from the right and left renal veins and a peripheral vein in 47 hypertensive patients. Activity was equivalent in the two renal veins in 25 patients without renal artery stenosis; peripheral vein activity averaged 20% less. Ten of 17 patients with angiographic evidence of unilateral renal artery stenosis had significantly greater renin activity in the vein of the involved kidney; peripheral vein renin activity was equal to that from the vein of the uninvolved kidney. Two of five patients with bilateral stenosis had significant differences in renin activity between the two sides. The correlation between the results of the assays and results of surgery (14 cases) was excellent. Differential renal vein renin assays have diagnostic value in the determination of the functional significance of apparent unilateral renovascular disease.