tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Immunosuppression in glioblastoma is a critical barrier to effective immunotherapy. Wainwright and colleagues found that overexpression of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) in glioma was associated with a decreased lifespan in patients. Using orthotopic and transgenic models of glioma, as well as shRNA-mediated knockdown, they then showed that glioma-derived IDO expression led to increased tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Treg) and decreased overall survival. In contrast, IDO inhibition led to decreased Treg levels and increased longterm survival. This study provides a strong rationale for further analysis of IDO in the context of malignant glioma, with a new focus on therapeutic inhibition.The vast majority of human surgical samples are stored as formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks, with more than 20 million archived annually in the United States. Although this represents a tremendous resource for disease research, RNA degradation has limited their use for transcriptional profiling. Waldron and colleagues analyzed gene expression in more than 1,000 FFPE samples from long-term multicenter studies of breast and colorectal cancer, together with a meta-analysis including 12 additional datasets. They introduce quality control protocols that improve discovery of reproducible biomarkers, an essential step forward in realizing the potential of clinical FFPE tissues for genomic analysis.The miRNA regulatory network is emerging as a novel target for the treatment of human cancer. To explore the potential of miR-34a against human multiple myeloma, Di Martino and colleagues evaluated the therapeutic activity triggered by miR-34a mimics. The translational relevance of the study resides in the finding that systemic delivery of novel lipidic-formulated miR-34a exerts antimyeloma activity in different clinically relevant murine models of human multiple myeloma, without toxicity. The specificity of miR-34a activity was shown by downregulation of canonical targets BCL2 and CDK6. These findings provide a framework for clinical development of formulated miR-34a mimics in multiple myeloma.The treatment of cancer with oncolytic viruses primarily depends on the selective viral replication in cancer cells. However, a replication-incompetent Sendai virus (HVJ) envelope (HVJ-E) showed effective oncolytic activities without producing toxic effects in nonmalignant cells. Matsushima-Miyagi and colleagues elucidated the mechanism for cancer cell–selective apoptosis induced by HVJ-E. The viral RNA fragments derived from HVJ-E upregulated TRAIL and Noxa selectively in cancer cells, but not in noncancerous cells, through the RIG-I/MAVS signaling pathway. The orthotopic prostate cancers were dramatically eradicated in immunodeficient NOD–SCID mice injected with HVJ-E. Thus, the RIG-I/MAVS signaling pathway represents an attractive target for cancer therapy.
Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Children's Animated Films: Pecos Bill Kicks the Habit—Reply
Authors: Adam O. Goldstein, Rachel A. Bearman, Glen R. Newman
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mediastinal Chyloma A Roentgenographic Sign of Chylous Fistula
Authors: Charles B. Higgins
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A remarkable clinical feature of chylothorax is the long latent interval which may exist between the time of injury and the onset of chylous pleural effusion.<sup>1-4</sup>This is believed to be due to the gradual accumulation of chyle localized to the posterior mediastinum. The chyloma which forms finally ruptures the mediastinal pleura producing a pleural effusion.<sup>3</sup> Such a long latent period was recently noted in four patients who had chylothorax after operations for correction of congenital cardiac defects. The interval between ductal injury and detection of chylothorax varied from eight days to six weeks. In each of these patients, roentgenograms of the chest during this period demonstrated considerable enlargement of the cardiomediastinal shadow ( Fig 1 and 2). Chyle is sufficiently radiopaque to be seen as a fluid collection in the posterior mediastinum on roentgenograms of the chest. This cardiomediastinal enlargement decreased considerably in all four
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the least curable cancers, and progress in developing effective new therapies has been slow. Understanding the interplay between therapeutics and underlying genetic makeup of the tumor could help frame clinical trials, leading to a more tailored evaluation of therapeutic regimens. Here, Rajeshkumar and coworkers have shown synergy between a Wee1 inhibitor (MK-1775) and gemcitabine to achieve tumor regression, selectively in p53-deficient pancreatic cancer xenografts. These results suggest that the combination of gemcitabine plus MK-1775 is a promising therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer patients whose tumor cells are devoid of functional p53 gene.Current treatment options for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer following transurethral resection are of limited efficacy, as many patients develop recurrent tumors. Treatment failure is thought to be due, in part, to the short dwell-time of intravesical drugs and low drug uptake in the bladder wall. Mugabe and colleagues found that treatment with a mucoadhesive nanoparticulate docetaxel formulation significantly increased drug uptake in mouse bladder tissues and enhanced tumor uptake. Further, this formulation effectively inhibited tumor growth in an orthotopic model of bladder cancer. These results provide a preclinical proof-of-principle for intravesical application of this formulation in bladder cancer treatment.Multivariate gene expression biomarkers of lung cancer recurrence following surgery are needed. Here, Mitra and colleagues tested the hypothesis that discovery of recurrence-associated genes could be facilitated by comparing geographically distant and demographically distinct patient cohorts. They used a small American patient cohort to test a larger Korean patient cohort for genes that predict recurrence in non-small cell lung cancer and are amplifiable by PCR. This approach identified DBN1 as a multivariate marker for lung cancer recurrence and a 4-gene model that was prognostic for recurrence. These results suggest that biomarker discovery can be facilitated by comparing diverse discovery and validation populations.To explore the relationship between chemoresistance and miRNA expression, Hamano and colleagues examined the expression levels of several miRNAs thought to be involved in the maintenance of stem cell function. Using surgical specimens from esophageal cancer patients who received preoperative chemotherapy, they found that miR-200c overexpression was closely associated with poor response to chemotherapy and poor prognosis. Further, they discovered that miR-200c directly targeted PPP2R1B, a subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, and resulted in activation of Akt signaling. These results suggest that miR-200c may be a useful predictor of chemosensitivity and potentially a therapeutic target in patients with esophageal cancer.
Biological Stains: A Handbook on the Nature and Uses of the Dyes Employed in the Biological Laboratory.
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Knowledge and Use of Folic Acid by Women of Childbearing Age—United States, 1997
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Each year in the United States approximately 2500 infants are born with spina bifida and anencephaly (1), and an estimated 1500 fetuses affected by these birth defects are aborted. Recent studies indicate that the B vitamin folic acid can reduce the risk for spina bifida and anencephaly by at least 50% when consumed daily before conception and during early pregnancy. In September 1992, the Public Health Service (PHS) recommended that all women of childbearing age who are capable of becoming pregnant consume 0.4 mg of folic acid daily (1). Folic acid can be obtained from multivitamins or other supplements containing folic acid and some breakfast cereals. This report summarizes the results of a survey conducted during January-February 1995 regarding knowledge and practices of women of childbearing age in the United States about consumption of folic acid from supplements and breakfast cereals.
Potassium Response to Succinylcholine
Authors: Gerald A. Gronert
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I read with great interest the article by Birch et al and the companion editorial on hyperkalemia induced by succinylcholine chloride in patients with trauma (<b>210:</b>490; 549, 1969). I am impressed by the thoroughness with which they investigated the mechanisms of potassium release. However, I feel that they have overstated the implications regarding curare as a blocker of this response. In their studies, they administered 6 mg of curare five minutes prior to a second dose of succinylcholine and blocked the abnormal elevations of serum potassium that had been seen with an initial dose of succinylcholine. From this they concluded that pretreatment with curare eliminated the risk of hyperkalemia associated with succinylcholine in patients with trauma. Data from a single patient with burns, treated at the US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Brooke General Hospital, San Antonio, Tex, contradict this conclusion. The responses of this patient were
Caffeine Consumption and Fibrocystic Breast Disease: A Case-Control Epidemiologic Study&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Coleen A. Boyle, Ph.D.
 4, Gertrud S. Berkowitz, Ph.D., Virginia A. LiVolsi, M.D., Sharon Ort, M.P.H., Maria J. Merino, M.D., Colin White, M.B., Jennifer L. Kelsey, Ph.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

In a hospital-based case-control study that included 634 women with fibrocystic breast disease and 1,066 comparison women in Connecticut, the occurrence of fibrocystic breast disease was positively associated with average daily consumption of caffeine. Women who consumed 31–250 mg of caffeine/day had a 1.5-fold increase in the odds of disease, whereas women who drank over 500 mg/day had a 2.3-fold increase in the odds. The association with caffeine consumption was especially high among women with atypical lobular hyperplasia and with sclerosing adenosis with concomitant papillomatosis or papillary hyperplasia, both of which have been associated with an increased breast cancer risk. The association was specific to fibrocystic breast disease in that there was no association of caffeine consumption with fibroadenoma or other forms of benign breast disease.
A Comprehensive Retention Program for Disadvantaged Medical Students
Authors: Stephen Margolis
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The Mt Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York has a retention program for disadvantaged medical students. The program has been functional for two years and was instituted because of multiple course failures among its disadvantaged students. The program consists of a summer enrichment unit and formal tutorials during the academic year. Our two-year experience demonstrates a complete reversal in the academic performance of these students. (<i>JAMA</i>228:861, 1974)
THE MEDICAL TREATMENT OF GASTRIC ULCER
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie (1783-1862)
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hyperglyceridemia in Coronary Artery Disease and Its Management
Authors: P. T. Kuo
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Different laboratory and metabolic studies were used to obtain an etiologic classification of hyperlipidemia in 286 patients with atherosclerosis. The studies showed that although time-consuming metabolic studies were required to clearly establish the nature of the basic disturbance, useful information could usually be obtained by serum lipoprotein analysis (paper electrophoresis) and serum lipid determinations (cholesterol, phospholipid, and triglyceride concentrations). More than 90% of the 286 patients were found to have hyperglyceridemia derived from increased endogenous lipogenesis from carbohydrate. This abnormal carbohydrate sensitivity was revealed with an ad libitum carbohydrate (35% to 40%) diet. Since lipoproteins synthesized from carbohydrates were shown to be rich in both triglyceride and cholesterol, carbohydrate-sensitive hyperglyceridemia was frequently found in association with hypercholesteremia. The abnormal metabolism was controlled by a sugar-free diet, with a carbohydrate allowance of 125 to 150 gm supplied as starches.
A Practical Treatise on Diseases of the Skin, For the Use of Students and Practitioners.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Dangerous Age in Men. A Treatise on the Prostate Gland.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1934)

WHEN IS A MAN OLD? ture of energy.It has been found with the human body, as in the automotive industry, that the older the model is the more repairs are required, and the harder it is to make them.For better trans- portation, the shape of the automobile body is the problem.In "stream-lining" the human being, the shape the body is in determines the treatment.To discuss the human body organ by organ and disease by disease would be a task too monumental for this brief treatise, but in considering the pros- tate gland we have chosen one of the most troublesome organs of the male physique.With few exceptions, its disorders and diseases are the commonest and most disturbing of any condition affecting adult males.By properly caring for this organ, the entire body becomes much like a car brought up to date.Medical authors have variously estimated that from thirty-five to ninety per cent of all adult males have trouble with the prostate gland.If we strike a rough average it is safe to say that sixty per cent of all men past forty are in this class.There is, perhaps, no other organ in the body which houses such complexity physical, sexual and psychic.It is, therefore, the most important of the sexual organs, and cannot be properly con- sidered without a study of its different phases. THE DANGEROUS AGE IN MENMere treatment of this gland, without regard for the exact nature of its involvement, will result in little benefit and may easily make matters worse.Neglect it entirely, and the whole body suffers.A car owner, if he is a wise and careful man, takes his machine to an expert at the first sign of trouble.He does not let the pistons rust tight in the cylinders, the generators become corroded, or the batteries run down, and then expect to pass everything on the road.He prefers to keep his present machine working at maximum efficiency.It is strange, but true, that this same man will neglect his own body a machine which has no replacement parts, and which cannot be traded in for a new one until everyone on the road passes him or he is discarded as useless.He then wonders what has happened and why he is not the man he used to be.Life is no longer life with the pleasures of youth gone.Practically all energetic manifesta- tions of life, and most certainly the joy of living, are governed by man's sexual power and capacity.No man is, therefore, old if his sex glands are active.So deferring old age resolves itself either into keeping these glands fit, or into bringing them back to their proper function.Since without sexual power there can be no real
Diseases That Mimic Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
Authors: Richard J. Whitley
Journal: JAMA (1989)

A total of 432 patients underwent brain biopsy for presumptive herpes simplex encephalitis. Three patient groups were identified. The first group, 195 patients (45%), had herpes simplex encephalitis confirmed by the isolation of herpes simplex virus from brain tissue at biopsy (193 patients) or autopsy (2 patients). The second group, 95 patients (22%), had diseases that were identified but that were not caused by herpes simplex virus. Three subgroups were recognized: (1) 38 patients (9%) with treatable disease, (2) 40 patients (9%) with nontreatable but diagnosed viral infection, and (3) 17 patients (4%) with identified diseases neither of viral etiology nor treatable. The third group, 142 patients (33%), remained without a diagnosis. Clinical presentation of patients in the second group was similar to that of those with herpes simplex encephalitis and those without a diagnosis. Patients in the subgroup with nontreatable but diagnosed viral infections had the greatest likelihood of returning to normal. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:234-239)
The Doctor as Romantic Hero
Authors: Evelyn Wilbanks
Journal: JAMA (1972)

"The physician can abolish pain, relieve his fellow mortals from sickness. He is indisputably usefullest of all men." With these words, Thomas Carlyle characterized more than his own personal feelings. The physician in the 19th century held a place of high esteem in the eyes of the nonmedical world. This exalted position, based in part on his relation to power over life and death, transcended the usual social strata connected with money, possessions, politics, or family ties. Although the 19th century is supposedly the beginning of the scientific age, the dominant flourish of romanticism is nowhere more apparent than the superhuman role accorded the physician in literature. In this period, readers of fiction supported a literature largely of escape. Volumes of humor, or sentimental novels by authors such as Mary Jane Holmes and Edward P. Roe, were best sellers. The public wanted to read about life in its ideal form: