tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cell‐Based Biomaterials for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Prevention and Therapy
Authors: Chuyu Li, Chenguang Wang, Hai‐Yan Xie, Lili Huang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) continues to threaten human health, economic development, and national security. Although many vaccines and drugs have been explored to fight against the major pandemic, their efficacy and safety still need to be improved. Cell‐based biomaterials, especially living cells, extracellular vesicles, and cell membranes, offer great potential in preventing and treating COVID‐19 owing to their versatility and unique biological functions. In this review, the characteristics and functions of cell‐based biomaterials and their biological applications in COVID‐19 prevention and therapy are described. First the pathological features of COVID‐19 are summarized, providing enlightenment on how to fight against COVID‐19. Next, the classification, organization structure, characteristics, and functions of cell‐based biomaterials are focused on. Finally, the progress of cell‐based biomaterials in overcoming COVID‐19 in different aspects, including the prevention of viral infection, inhibition of viral proliferation, anti‐inflammation, tissue repair, and alleviation of lymphopenia are comprehensively described. At the end of this review, a look forward to the challenges of this aspect is presented.
Evaluation of Use of Epinephrine and Time to First Dose and Outcomes in Pediatric Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Jeffrey Amoako, Sho Komukai, Junichi Izawa, Clifton W. Callaway, Masashi Okubo
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance While epinephrine has been widely used in prehospital resuscitation for pediatric patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), the benefit and optimal timing of epinephrine administration have not been fully investigated. Objectives To evaluate the association between epinephrine administration and patient outcomes and to ascertain whether the timing of epinephrine administration was associated with patient outcomes after pediatric OHCA. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included pediatric patients (&amp;amp;lt;18 years) with OHCA treated by emergency medical services (EMS) from April 2011 to June 2015. Eligible patients were identified from the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Epidemiologic Registry, a prospective OHCA registry at 10 sites in the US and Canada. Data analysis was performed from May 2021 to January 2023. Exposures The main exposures were prehospital intravenous or intraosseous epinephrine administration and the interval between arrival of an advanced life support (ALS)–capable EMS clinician (ALS arrival) and the first administration of epinephrine. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Patients who received epinephrine at any given minute after ALS arrival were matched with patients who were at risk of receiving epinephrine within the same minute using time-dependent propensity scores calculated from patient demographics, arrest characteristics, and EMS interventions. Results Of 1032 eligible individuals (median [IQR] age, 1 [0-10] years), 625 (60.6%) were male. 765 patients (74.1%) received epinephrine and 267 (25.9%) did not. The median (IQR) time interval between ALS arrival and epinephrine administration was 9 (6.2-12.1) minutes. In the propensity score–matched cohort (1432 patients), survival to hospital discharge was higher in the epinephrine group compared with the at-risk group (epinephrine: 45 of 716 [6.3%] vs at-risk: 29 of 716 [4.1%]; risk ratio, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.29-3.40). The timing of epinephrine administration was also not associated with survival to hospital discharge after ALS arrival ( P for the interaction between epinephrine administration and time to matching = .34). Conclusions and Relevance In this study of pediatric patients with OHCA in the US and Canada, epinephrine administration was associated with survival to hospital discharge, while timing of the administration was not associated with survival.
Infection and co-infection patterns of community-acquired pneumonia in patients of different ages in China from 2009 to 2020: a national surveillance study
Authors: Yan-Ning Liu, Yun-Fa Zhang, Qiang Xu, Yan Qiu, Qing-Bin Lu, Tao Wang, Xiao-Ai Zhang, Sheng-Hong Lin, Chen-Long Lv, Bao-Gui Jiang, Hao Li, Zhong-Jie Li, George F Gao, Wei-Zhong Yang, Simon I Hay, Li-Ping Wang, Li-Qun Fang, Wei Liu
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2023)
Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract and Hospital Mortality in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Rogier M. Determann, Nicole P. Juffermans, Peter H. J. van der Voort
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lipid‐Based Nanocarriers Enabled Oral Delivery of Oleanolic Acid Derivative DKS26 for Diabetes Management
Authors: Yujuan Ban, Yuxiu Chu, Feng Pan, Zhiwei Guo, Yang Yang, Xiaoli Wei, Guanghui Li, Jun Qian, Changyou Zhan, Jiquan Zhang, Lei Tang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Oleanolic acid derivative DKS26 has hypolipidemic, islet, and hepatoprotective effects. However, high lipophilicity and low water solubility led to DKS26 extremely low oral bioavailability. Herein, lipid-based nanocarriers, including lipid nanodiscs (sND/DKS26) and liposomes (sLip/DKS26), are prepared to improve DKS26 oral absorption. In comparison to free DKS26 (5.81%), the absolute oral bioavailabilities are significantly increased to 29.47% (sND/DKS26) and 37.25% (sLip/DKS26) without detectable toxicity or immunogenicity even after repeated administrations. Both sND/DKS26 and sLip/DKS26 significantly reduce the feeding glucose level and the AUC of OGTT in db/db diabetic mice. Aiding by the newly developed scFv-based nanocarrier separation methods, no intact nanocarriers are detected in blood circulation after oral administration, suggesting that both formulations are unable to penetrate the intestinal epithelium. They enhance DKS26 absorption mainly by improving intestinal cell uptake and rapid intracellular release of the payload. Since pre-existing anti-PEG is widely detected in humans, the present oral absorption pathway of both nanocarriers successfully avoids unfavorable immunological responses after interaction with anti-PEG antibodies. The application of lipid-based nanocarriers paves an efficient and safe avenue for the clinical translation and application of poorly soluble therapeutics derived from traditional Chinese medicine.
Lymphoma Masquerading as Lung Cancer
Authors: Hong Zhi Alvin Ng, Lenith Tai Jit Cheng, Pei Ing Ngam, Arvind Kumar Sinha, Hoi Yin Loi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Lymphoma typically manifests as lymphadenopathy, with or without solid organ involvement. Lymphomatous masses tend to respect anatomical structures, encasing rather than invading them. Tumor thrombus formation is a rare presentation in lymphoma that has been previously described in the liver and kidneys. We report an unusual presentation of B-cell lymphoma with imaging findings suggestive of metastatic lung cancer with tumor thrombus in the pulmonary vein and left atrium.
Core polymer optimization of ternary siRNA nanoparticles enhances in vivo safety, pharmacokinetics, and tumor gene silencing
Authors: Shrusti S. Patel, Ella N. Hoogenboezem, Fang Yu, Carlisle R. DeJulius, R. Brock Fletcher, Alex G. Sorets, Fiona K. Cherry, Justin H. Lo, Mariah G. Bezold, Nora Francini, Richard d’Arcy, Jordan E. Brasuell, Rebecca S. Cook, Craig L. Duvall
Journal: Biomaterials (2023)
A multicenter randomized-controlled trial of nucleos(t)ide analogue cessation in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Florian van Bömmel, Kerstin Stein, Renate Heyne, Jörg Petersen, Peter Buggisch, Christoph Berg, Stefan Zeuzem, Andreas Stallmach, Martin Sprinzl, Eckart Schott, Anita Pathil-Warth, Ulrike von Arnim, Verena Keitel, Jürgen Lohmeyer, Karl-Georg Simon, Christian Trautwein, Andreas Trein, Dietrich Hüppe, Markus Cornberg, Frank Lammert, Patrick Ingiliz, Reinhart Zachoval, Holger Hinrichsen, Alexander Zipprich, Hartmuth Klinker, Julian Schulze zur Wiesch, Anett Schmiedeknecht, Oana Brosteanu, Thomas Berg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2023)
Injury Site Specific Xenon Delivered by Platelet Membrane‐Mimicking Hybrid Microbubbles to Protect Against Acute Kidney Injury via Inhibition of Cellular Senescence
Authors: Jing Yang, Chaojin Chen, Xiaoyan Miao, Tienan Wang, Yu Guan, Linan Zhang, Sufang Chen, Zheng Zhang, Zhengyuan Xia, Jiayi Kang, Haobo Li, Tinghui Yin, Ziqing Hei, Weifeng Yao
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Inhalation of xenon gas improves acute kidney injury (AKI). However, xenon can only be delivered through inhalation, which causes non-specific distribution and low bioavailability of xenon, thus limiting its clinical application. In this study, xenon is loaded into platelet membrane-mimicking hybrid microbubbles (Xe-Pla-MBs). In ischemia-reperfusion-induced AKI, intravenously injected Xe-Pla-MBs adhere to the endothelial injury site in the kidney. Xe-Pla-MBs are then disrupted by ultrasound, and xenon is released to the injured site. This release of xenon reduced ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal fibrosis and improved renal function, which are associated with decreased protein expression of cellular senescence markers p53 and p16, as well as reduced beta-galactosidase in renal tubular epithelial cells. Together, platelet membrane-mimicking hybrid microbubble-delivered xenon to the injred site protects against ischemia-reperfusion-induced AKI, which likely reduces renal senescence. Thus, the delivery of xenon by platelet membrane-mimicking hybrid microbubbles is a potential therapeutic approach for AKI.
APOBEC3-mediated mutagenesis in cancer: causes, clinical significance and therapeutic potential
Authors: Kelly Butler, A. Rouf Banday
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2023)

Abstract Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptides (APOBECs) are cytosine deaminases involved in innate and adaptive immunity. However, some APOBEC family members can also deaminate host genomes to generate oncogenic mutations. The resulting mutations, primarily signatures 2 and 13, occur in many tumor types and are among the most common mutational signatures in cancer. This review summarizes the current evidence implicating APOBEC3s as major mutators and outlines the exogenous and endogenous triggers of APOBEC3 expression and mutational activity. The review also discusses how APOBEC3-mediated mutagenesis impacts tumor evolution through both mutagenic and non-mutagenic pathways, including by inducing driver mutations and modulating the tumor immune microenvironment. Moving from molecular biology to clinical outcomes, the review concludes by summarizing the divergent prognostic significance of APOBEC3s across cancer types and their therapeutic potential in the current and future clinical landscapes.
Discontinuation of Conventional Synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Excellent Disease Control
Authors: Siri Lillegraven, Nina Paulshus Sundlisæter, Anna-Birgitte Aga, Joseph Sexton, Daniel H. Solomon, Désirée van der Heijde, Espen A. Haavardsholm
Journal: JAMA (2023)

This open-label randomized clinical trial assessed the 12-month risk of disease activity flares after discontinuation of conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs) compared with continuing half-dose csDMARDs in adult Norwegian patients with rheumatoid arthritis and excellent disease control.
Late-Stage Metastatic Melanoma Emerges through a Diversity of Evolutionary Pathways
Authors: Lavinia Spain, Alexander Coulton, Irene Lobon, Andrew Rowan, Desiree Schnidrig, Scott T.C. Shepherd, Benjamin Shum, Fiona Byrne, Maria Goicoechea, Elisa Piperni, Lewis Au, Kim Edmonds, Eleanor Carlyle, Nikki Hunter, Alexandra Renn, Christina Messiou, Peta Hughes, Jaime Nobbs, Floris Foijer, Hilda van den Bos, Rene Wardenaar, Diana C.J. Spierings, Charlotte Spencer, Andreas M. Schmitt, Zayd Tippu, Karla Lingard, Lauren Grostate, Kema Peat, Kayleigh Kelly, Sarah Sarker, Sarah Vaughan, Mary Mangwende, Lauren Terry, Denise Kelly, Jennifer Biano, Aida Murra, Justine Korteweg, Charlotte Lewis, Molly O'Flaherty, Anne-Laure Cattin, Max Emmerich, Camille L. Gerard, Husayn Ahmed Pallikonda, Joanna Lynch, Robert Mason, Aljosja Rogiers, Hang Xu, Ariana Huebner, Nicholas McGranahan, Maise Al Bakir, Jun Murai, Cristina Naceur-Lombardelli, Elaine Borg, Miriam Mitchison, David A. Moore, Mary Falzon, Ian Proctor, Gordon W.H. Stamp, Emma L. Nye, Kate Young, Andrew J.S. Furness, Lisa Pickering, Ruby Stewart, Ula Mahadeva, Anna Green, James Larkin, Kevin Litchfield, Charles Swanton, Mariam Jamal-Hanjani, Samra Turajlic
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2023)

Abstract Understanding the evolutionary pathways to metastasis and resistance to immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in melanoma is critical for improving outcomes. Here, we present the most comprehensive intrapatient metastatic melanoma dataset assembled to date as part of the Posthumous Evaluation of Advanced Cancer Environment (PEACE) research autopsy program, including 222 exome sequencing, 493 panel-sequenced, 161 RNA sequencing, and 22 single-cell whole-genome sequencing samples from 14 ICI-treated patients. We observed frequent whole-genome doubling and widespread loss of heterozygosity, often involving antigen-presentation machinery. We found KIT extrachromosomal DNA may have contributed to the lack of response to KIT inhibitors of a KIT-driven melanoma. At the lesion-level, MYC amplifications were enriched in ICI nonresponders. Single-cell sequencing revealed polyclonal seeding of metastases originating from clones with different ploidy in one patient. Finally, we observed that brain metastases that diverged early in molecular evolution emerge late in disease. Overall, our study illustrates the diverse evolutionary landscape of advanced melanoma. Significance: Despite treatment advances, melanoma remains a deadly disease at stage IV. Through research autopsy and dense sampling of metastases combined with extensive multiomic profiling, our study elucidates the many mechanisms that melanomas use to evade treatment and the immune system, whether through mutations, widespread copy-number alterations, or extrachromosomal DNA. See related commentary by Shain, p. 1294. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1275
Extended Follow-up of Microbiome Therapeutic SER-109 for Recurrent <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection
Authors: Fergus Hamilton, William F. Wright, Todd C. Lee
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Metal‐Polyphenol‐Based Oxygen Economizer and Fenton Reaction Amplifier for Self‐Enhanced Synergistic Photothermal/Chemodynamic/Chemotherapy
Authors: Hui Shi, Ru Wang, Hu‐Chen Cao, Hai‐Yan Guo, Pei Pan, Cheng‐Feng Xiong, Lin‐Jun Zhang, Qiang Yang, Shuang Wei, Tao Liu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

To overcome the limitations of doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy, nanomedicines that integrate additional photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) strategies are highlighted as promising alternatives for the treatment of malignant tumors. However, time-consuming preparation processes, biosafety concerns, and the bottlenecks of individual therapeutic modalities often limit the practical applications of this strategy. To address these issues, this work designs an oxygen economizer that additionally serves as a Fenton reaction amplifier through the simple assembly of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), pluronic F-127 (PF127), iron (III) ions, and doxorubicin (DOX) for the enhancement of synergistic PTT/CDT/chemotherapy. The resulting nanoformulation, EFPD, can target mitochondria and inhibit cell respiration to reduce O2 consumption, thus boosting DOX-mediated H2 O2 generation for enhanced CDT and simultaneously improving hypoxia-limited DOX chemotherapy efficacy. Moreover, the coordination between EGCG and Fe3+ provides EFPD with excellent photothermal conversion efficiencies (η = 34.7%) for PTT and photothermal-accelerated drug release. Experimental results indicate that EFPD-mediated synergistic enhancement of PTT/CDT/chemotherapy can achieve excellent therapeutic outcomes, including enhanced ablation of solid tumors, reduced metastasis and cardiotoxicity, and extended life spans.
Validity of Meta-Analytical Estimates and Hazard Ratios Quantifying Survival Benefit of Immunochemotherapy in Low PD-L1–Expressing Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Guo Yu, Na Zhang, Ai-Jia Guan, Yu-Wei Qiao, Guo-Fu Li
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

Wu et al 1 conducted an interesting study-level metaanalysis comparing the efficacy of PD-1 antibody plus chemotherapy with chemotherapy alone in patients with PD-L1-expressing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and a post hoc analysis of the JUPITER-06 trial.On the basis of their statistically significant meta-analytical estimates, they concluded that their meta-analysis of aggregate data supports the superiority of PD-1 antibody plus chemotherapy to chemotherapy alone in patients with advanced ESCC with low PD-L1 expression. 1 Of note, such conclusion relies highly on the validity of their metaanalytical methodology and the summary measure chosen, that is, hazard ratio (HR).However, both the validity of the authors' meta-analytical methodology and the validity of HRs are highly questionable, resulting in unreliable meta-analytic results and consequentially premature conclusions on survival benefit of PD-1 antibody plus chemotherapy in patients with low PD-L1-expressing ESCC.
Prevalence and natural history of depression after stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Lu Liu, Min Xu, Iain J. Marshall, Charles DA Wolfe, Yanzhong Wang, Matthew DL O’Connell
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2023)

Background Depression is the most frequent psychiatric condition after stroke and is associated with negative health outcomes. We aim to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and natural history of depression after stroke. Methods and findings Studies published up to 4 November 2022 on Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched. We included studies of adults with stroke, where depression was assessed at a prespecified time point. Studies excluding people with aphasia and history of depression are excluded. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme(CASP) cohort study tool was used to assess risk of bias. A total of 77 studies were included in the pooled estimates of the prevalence of poststroke depression (PSD). The overall prevalence of depression was 27% (95% CI 25 to 30). Prevalence of depression was 24% (95% CI 21 to 28) by clinical interview and 29% (95% CI 25 to 32) by rating scales. Twenty-four studies with more than one assessment time point reported the natural history of PSD. Among people who were depressed within 3 months of stroke, 53% (95% CI 47 to 59) experienced persistent depression, while 44% (95% CI 38 to 50) recovered. The incidence of later depression (3 to 12 months after stroke) was 9% (95% CI 7 to 12). The cumulative incidence during 1 year after stroke was 38% (95% CI 33 to 43), and the majority (71% (95% CI 65 to 76)) of depression had onset within 3 months after stroke. The main limitation of the present study is that excluding people in source studies with severe impairments may produce imprecise estimates of the prevalence of PSD. Conclusions In this study, we observed that stroke survivors with early-onset depression (within 3 months after stroke) are at high risks for remaining depressed and make up two-thirds of the incident cases during 1 year after stroke. This highlights the need for ongoing clinical monitoring of patients depressed shortly after stroke. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42022314146 .
IEC-intrinsic IL-1R signaling holds dual roles in regulating intestinal homeostasis and inflammation
Authors: Garrett R. Overcast, Hannah E. Meibers, Emily M. Eshleman, Irene Saha, Lisa Waggoner, Krupaben N. Patel, Viral G. Jain, David B. Haslam, Theresa Alenghat, Kelli L. VanDussen, Chandrashekhar Pasare
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2023)

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) constitute a critical first line of defense against microbes. While IECs are known to respond to various microbial signals, the precise upstream cues regulating diverse IEC responses are not clear. Here, we discover a dual role for IEC-intrinsic interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling in regulating intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Absence of IL-1R in epithelial cells abrogates a homeostatic antimicrobial program including production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Mice deficient for IEC-intrinsic IL-1R are unable to clear Citrobacter rodentium (C. rodentium) but are protected from DSS-induced colitis. Mechanistically, IL-1R signaling enhances IL-22R–induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation in IECs leading to elevated production of AMPs. IL-1R signaling in IECs also directly induces expression of chemokines as well as genes involved in the production of reactive oxygen species. Our findings establish a protective role for IEC-intrinsic IL-1R signaling in combating infections but a detrimental role during colitis induced by epithelial damage.