P438: ARYL HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR SIGNALLING IN NORMAL HAEMATOPOIETIC (HSC) AND LEUKEMIA STEM CELLS (LSC): DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT OF AHR ANTAGONIST ON LSC COMPARED TO HSC
Authors: A. Oryshchuk, R. Desai, P. Kakadiya, S. Bohlander
Journal: HemaSphere (2022)

Background: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a devastating disease with poor prognosis. It is driven by leukemia stem cells (LSCs), which are able to survive treatment and drive relapse. This highlights the importance of characterizing LSCs. LSC-targeted treatment strategies are limited because there are no known surface markers that are specific for LSCs in every leukaemia. Targeting a signalling pathway that is altered in all LSCs could be a novel, promising treatment strategy. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway was shown to be critical for the self-renewal properties of normal haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Aims: We aimed to study the consequences of manipulating the AHR pathway in vivo in a murine leukaemia model. Methods: We used the following methods: murine bone marrow transplantation leukemia model (MBMTLM) - CALM-AF10 with limiting dilution assay (LDA); competitive repopulation assay (CRA) with LDA (CD45.2 donors into CD45.1 recipient mice), transcriptome analysis (sequencing with the Illumina platform and analisys with the DESeq2). Treatment of the cells was performed at various experiments with the AHR agonist, ITE, and an AHR antagonist, CH-223191 (a vehicle control is DMSO). Results: We used a murine retroviral transduction bone marrow transplantation leukemia model (MBMTLM)) with the CALM-AF10 minimal fusion gene (CAMF) as the oncogenic driver, to study the effect of AHR agonist (ITE) and an AHR antagonist (CH-223191) treatment on LSCs. Interestingly, both AHR agonist and antagonist treatment affected LSC frequency and survival of mice transplanted with treated cells. The LSC frequency as measured by limiting dilution transplantation assays (LDA) was 3.7 times lower after agonist treatment (1:163, blue survival curve in fig. 1, A) compared to a vehicle control (1:44, DMSO, black survival curve)). Very interestingly, after antagonist treatment the LSC frequency was so low that could not be measured as none of the mice transplanted with antagonist-treated cells in the LDAs developed leukaemia (n=9, CH-223191 (red curve in fig. 1, A)). Of note, our CAMF MBMTLM has a very high LSC frequency of about 1:4 in cells that were not cultured after thawing. We performed RNA-Seq on 90 samples to determine changes in gene expression patterns after treatment of healthy bone marrow cells and CAMF leukemia cells with the AHR agonist and antagonist. Preliminary differential expression analysis with DESeq2 revealed differential expression of genes involved in apoptosis and proliferation in leukaemia cells treated with CH-223191. As leukemia did not develop in recipients of cells treated with the antagonist CH-223191, genes differentially regulated in these cells might be critical and specific to LSC function and will be candidate targets for LSC-specific treatments. To confirm that AHR antagonist treatment affects LSCs differently than normal HCS, we performed competitive repopulation assay (CRA). Our preliminary data (n = 12) show that treatment of HSCs with CH-223191 results in a steady increase in the engraftment over a 47-week period following transplantation (coral bars, fig. 1, B), as opposed to the grafts from the ITE-treated arm (blue bars), vehicle or untreated HSCs (black and green bars, respectively). Image:Summary/Conclusion: In summary, our data show that the LSCs react differently than normal HSCs to changes in AHR signalling. These differences suggest it might be possible to specifically inhibit LSCs while sparing normal HSCs, thus paving the way to develop strategies to treat leukemia based on manipulating AHR signalling.