tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection and evaluation of adverse drug reactions
Authors: R. R. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1972)

In 1971, the AMA Council on Drugs announced the discontinuation of its Registry on Adverse Reactions.<sup>1</sup>Although this approach to the collection and evaluation of clinical data was well conceived, the Registry did not serve as an early warning system for the detection of previously unknown adverse reactions to drugs, and, with a few exceptions, it did not bring to light useful new information on known adverse reactions. A parallel effort by the Food and Drug Administration has been similarly unproductive. The failure of the Registry is attributable to a number of factors. Without doubt, underreporting was of primary importance. Since relatively few reports were received, only a small fraction of the total number of significant reactions became available for study. A second important factor was the inability to determine the number of patients who had received a drug, a deficiency that precluded making any reasonably accurate estimate of
The Key
Authors: Sheila Gillooly Greene
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Necrotic Arachnidism
Authors: Neal C. Pitts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

A CLINICAL entity that is being recognized and reported in the literature increasingly often is necrotic arachnidism produced by the bite of the Loxosceles reclusa. Although a similar disease, gangrenous spot, has been well known in South America for a number of years it was not until 1957 that necrotic arachnidism and its cause was recognized in this country.1 Previously, the several species of latrodectus, or black widow, had been considered to be the only spiders capable of inflicting serious injury. Since then, however, Loxosceles reclusa and the large necrotic ulcers caused by their bites have been reported from . . .
By-Products of a Former Phenol Manufacturing Site in a Small Lake Adjacent to a Superfund Site in the Aberjona Watershed
Authors: Lukas Y. Wick, Philip M. Gschwend
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Benzene, diphenyl sulfone (DPS), para-hydroxybiphenyl (PPP), ortho-hydroxybiphenyl (OPP), higher hydroxybiphenyls, and alkylated benzenes were found in a small lake receiving contaminated groundwater discharge from the Industri-Plex Superfund site (Woburn, MA) in the Aberjona watershed in eastern Massachusetts.All of these chemicals may derive from the former phenol manufacturing activities present at the Industri-Plex site during World War I.Concentrations up to 1660 pg/I benzene, 450 pgA DPS, 230 pgjA PPP, and 100 Pg/A OPP were detected in the hypolimnion.Epilimnetic concentrations of the chemicals were significantly lower (normally < 5 pgAl).DPS showed a distinct seasonal behavior: It was readily biodegradable during warm periods.No biodegradation was observed in the winter, leaving export to the Aberjona River as the major removal mechanism.Although benzene is known to be toxic and a human carcinogen, our results indicate that DPS, OPP, and PPP are not mutagenic in tests using human MCL-5 and h1A1v2 cell lines.
SAT0069 A Clinical, Pathological and Genetic Characterization of Methotrexate-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Authors: N. Yamakawa, M. Fujimoto, D. Kawabata, C. Terao, R. Nakashima, Y. Imura, N. Yukawa, H. Yoshifuji, K. Ohmura, T. Fujii, H. Saji, F. Matsuda, H. Haga, T. Mimori
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Methotrexate (MTX)-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) is a lymphoid proliferation or lymphoma in a patient immunosuppressed with MTX. As MTX has recently gained acceptance as a first-line therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the incidence of MTX-LPD is expected to increase. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of MTX-LPD, although EBV can only be detected on histopathological examination in only about half cases of MTX-LPD. Recently, LPD with EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU) has been reported as a distinct disease entity with a self-limiting and indolent clinical course (1). EBVMCU is found in various conditions of immunosuppression, including MTX-LPD or in age-related immunosenescence. Although MTX-LPD often shows spontaneous regression, it is not clear whether MTX-LPD with EBVMCU has a better prognosis. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study is to clarify the clinical, histological and genetic factors that predict outcomes in patients with MTX-LPD. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with MTX-LPD diagnosed between 2000 and 2012 were analyzed retrospectively regarding their clinical course, site of biopsy, histological type, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immunostaining and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing. <h3>Results</h3> Twenty-one patients, including 20 with RA and one with polymyositis were analyzed. The mean dose of MTX was 6.1 mg/week and the mean duration of treatment was 71.1 months. Clinically, five patients were diagnosed with EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU). All had polymorphic histological findings and were more successfully treated solely by withdrawal of MTX than the other cases (75% versus 7.7%, P = 0.015). Genetically, the HLA-B15:11 haplotype was more frequent in patients with MTX-LPD than in healthy Japanese controls (P = 0.0043). EBV latency classification and HLA typing were not associated with the prognosis of MTX-LPD. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data demonstrate that EBVMCU, a specific clinical subgroup of MTX-LPD, had a better clinical outcome when MTX was withdrawn than other patients with MTX-LPD. <h3>References</h3> Dojcinov SD, Venkataraman G, Raffeld M, Pittaluga S, Jaffe ES. EBV positive mucocutaneous ulcer--a study of 26 cases associated with various sources of immunosuppression. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010 Mar;34(3):405-17. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> The authors thank Dr. Toda, of the Center for Anatomical Studies at the Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine for performing immunostaining studies and Dr. Inoko, of the Tokai University Department of Molecular Science, Division of Molecular Medical Science and Molecular Medicine for kindly providing the HLA data of Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
New Names
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Treatise on Diseases of the Nose and its Accessory Cavities.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE TRUE AIM OF SICK-ROOM DISINFECTION.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The<i>London Lancet</i>has attempted an analysis of the latest improvements for the practical disinfection of living rooms. In its editorial columns it is remarked that the frequency with which second and third case of scarlet fever or "recurrences" appear in houses that have been disinfected by the inspectors of sanitary authorities, casts grave doubts on the efficacy of procedure usually adopted, despite its official sanction. Stripping the walls, limewashing walls and ceilings and scrubbing woodwork and floor boards with soap and water are indeed effectual enough, and to these when thoroughly done we are disposed to ascribe any successful results rather than to the more technical process of so-called disinfection by sulphur fumes, which is little better than a superstitious rite or incantation shorn of the religious character it had in the mind ofUlysseswhen he " fumigated" the halls desecrated by the massacre of his wife's suitors, after
Dear wellwisher
Authors: J. O. Drife
Journal: BMJ (1995)

ABSTRACT. It has been postulated that protein filtered through glomeruli activates tubular epithelial cells, which secrete vasoactive and inflammatory substances including chemokines, leading to tubulointerstitial renal injury. The present study was designed to investigate the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in this process and to evaluate the effectiveness of a kidney-targeted gene transfer technique using hydrodynamic pressure. Naked plasmid encoding 7ND (an MCP-1 antagonist) or a control plasmid was introduced into the left kidney of rats. Three days after gene transfer (day 0), intraperitoneal administration of bovine serum albumin (10 mg/g body wt per day) was started and continued for 14 or 21 d. RT-PCR showed that 7ND mRNA was expressed only in the gene-transfected kidney. Immunostaining showed that 7ND protein was localized in the interstitial cells. Macrophage infiltration was significantly reduced in the left kidney of rats treated with 7ND on days 14 and 21. In the right kidney, such effects were not observed. 7ND also attenuated tubular damage and decreased the number of apoptotic cells. Computer-assisted analysis revealed that the areas positively stained for α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), fibronectin-EDA, type I collagen, and collagen fibrils were significantly reduced in the 7ND-treated kidney on day 21. Furthermore, 7ND gene therapy significantly reduced MCP-1 and TGF-β1 mRNA expression. These results demonstrate that MCP-1 plays an important role in the development of tubulointerstitial inflammation, tubular damage, and fibrosis induced by proteinuria. The fact that 7ND gene therapy had little effect on the contralateral kidney indicates that 7ND acted locally. This strategy may have a potential usefulness as a gene therapy against tubulointerstitial renal injury. E-mail: marus@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
Report of the Special Task Force on Professional Liability and Insurance and the Advisory Panel on Professional Liability
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Biopersistences of Man-Made Vitreous Fibers and Crocidolite Fibers in Rat Lungs Following Short-Term Exposures
Authors: Rod P. Musselman, William C. Miiller, Walter Eastes, John G. Hadley, Ole Kamstrup, Philippe Thevenaz, Thomas W. Hesterberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Biopersistence of commercial man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF) and crocidolite were studied in Fischer 344 rats.MMVF used were size-selected to be rat-respirable, and rats were exposed nose-only 6 h/day for 5 days to gravimetric concentrations (30 mg/m3) of two fiber glass compositions- a rockwool, and a slagwool-or to 10 mg/i3 of long-fibered crocidolite, or to filtered air.Animals were sacrificed at 1 hr, 1, 5, 31, 90, 180, 270, 365, and 545 days after exposure stopped.Fibers were recovered from digested lung tissue to determine changes in concentrations (fibers/mg dry lung) and fiber retentions (expressed as percent of day 1 retention [PR]) for selected dimension categories.One-day average concentrations of lung- retained MMVF and crocidolite fibers, of diameter .0.5 pm or >20 pm in length, were nearly equal, permitting direct comparisons between MMVF and crocidolite.At 270 days average PR for MMVF .0.5 pm in diameter were from 3 to 6 ± 2% and 27 ± 9% for crocidolite.For fibers >20 pm, PR were 1 to 4 ± 4% for MMVF and 37 ± 20% for crocidolite.At 545 days, MMVF >20 pm in length were at background level while concentration of crocidolite fibers >20 pm in length remained at 2000 ± 400 f/mg DL (dry lung), or 38 ± 9% of day-1 retention.These results suggest strongly that MMVF dissolved or fractured in vivo whereas crocidolite fibers did not change.
Excision of Atrial Myxoma
Authors: L. Fatti
Journal: BMJ (1958)

<h3>Background</h3> Little is known about the incidence or significance of diagnostic error in the inpatient setting. We used a malpractice claims database to examine incidence, predictors and consequences of diagnosis-related paid malpractice claims in hospitalised patients. <h3>Methods</h3> The US National Practitioner Database was used to identify paid malpractice claims occurring between 1 January 1999 and 31 December 2011. Patient and provider characteristics associated with paid claims were analysed using descriptive statistics. Differences between diagnosis-related paid claims and other paid claim types (eg, surgical, anaesthesia, medication) were assessed using Wilcoxon rank-sum and χ<sup>2</sup> tests. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify patient and provider factors associated with diagnosis-related paid claims. Trends for incidence of diagnosis-related paid claims and median annual payment were assessed using the Cochran-Armitage and non-parametric trend test. <h3>Results</h3> 13 682 of 62 966 paid malpractice claims (22%) were diagnosis-related. Compared with other paid claim types, characteristics significantly associated with diagnosis-related paid claims were as follows: male patients, patient aged &gt;50 years, provider aged &lt;50 years and providers in the northeast region. Compared with other paid claim types, diagnosis-related paid claims were associated with 1.83 times more risk of disability (95% CI 1.75 to 1.91; p&lt;0.001) and 2.33 times more risk of death (95% CI 2.23 to 2.43; p&lt;0.001) than minor injury, after adjusting for patient and provider characteristics. Inpatient diagnostic error accounted for $5.7 billion in payments over the study period, and median diagnosis-related payments increased at a rate disproportionate to other types. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Inpatient diagnosis-related malpractice payments are common and more often associated with disability and death than other claim types. Research focused on understanding and mitigating diagnostic errors in hospital settings is necessary.
Methods of exposure assessment: lead-contaminated dust in Philadelphia schools.
Authors: C V Shorten, M K Hooven
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

This study was conducted to develop a method that would accurately assess children's exposure to lead in schools in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. We examined three wipe sample protocols: one included accessible surfaces such as desktops and windowsills, the second included inaccessible surfaces such as the top of filing cabinets and light fixtures, and the third included hand wipes of the study participants. Surface wipes were collected at 10 locations from accessible and inaccessible classroom surfaces (n = 11 at each location) and from the palms of student subjects in the same locations (n = 168). We found a significant difference in lead dust concentrations determined by the three protocols (F = 4.619; 2,27 degrees of freedom; p = 0.019). Lead dust concentrations were significantly elevated at the inaccessible surfaces yet they were uniformly low on the accessible surfaces and the children's palms. These findings were consistent with observed changes in blood lead levels of study participants: after 6 months of exposure to the study locations, 156 of 168 children experienced no change in blood lead level, whereas 12 experienced only a minimal change of 1-2 microg/dL. The mere presence of lead in inaccessible dust in the school environment does not automatically constitute a health hazard because there may not be a completed exposure pathway.
Corrigendum
Authors: Sir Ross, C Whittle, Hon Sir, E Fiset, V Fraser, S Mccormac, Captain As, G Williams, W Peat, V White, Gordon Jolly, S Copley, A As, J Dovey, J Pratt-Johnson, V Bissett, J Corrigan, H Creighton, A Morris, E Stewart, J Ferguson, H Pierce, A Robertson, J Wells, Lieut.-Colonels Tice, F Barker, W Copeman, R As, B As, C Hoskyn, D Nicol, H Fallows, J Lewthwaite, C Lundie, B Macdonald, C Marks, J Gillan, J Larson, M Roberts, E Davies, H As, S Hoffman, Mary Place
Journal: BMJ (1941)
Risks of pregnancy in women with cardiac disease
Authors: A. Selzer
Journal: JAMA (1977)

PREVENTIVE cardiology includes not only prevention of development of cardiac disease but also steps to delay progression of existing cardiac conditions, prevention of associated complications, and preservation of cardiac reserve. The cardiologist should provide counsel to patients with cardiac disease regarding occupation, recreational activities, place of habitation, and other environmental factors. A major aspect of preventive cardiology is counseling young women with cardiac disease regarding childbearing. In the absence of a sound data base, it is impossible to provide statistically valid figures regarding the increment of risk of pregnancy for each situation, but a reasonable set of guidelines can be developed for various cardiac lesions affecting women of childbearing age. To provide prepregnancy counseling we need to know (1) the degree of increased cardiac workload as well as other hemodynamic alterations occurring during normal pregnancy, (2) the complications of pregnancy relevant to cardiac disease, and (3) the natural history of
Living Will
Authors: Rena Xu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

2558 correspondence which will depend, in part, on what one wishes to estimate.First, define the outcome in terms of information collected while the patient is receiving the assigned treatment; for example, count a discontinuation of treatment as a treatment failure.This option does not require outcome measurements after discontinuation, though it may have limitations in other respects.Second, continue to collect and use information about outcomes after treatment discontinuation.Measured outcomes may reflect effects of treatments administered after study-treatment discontinuation; the impact of this can be limited, or better understood, by specifying in the protocol "rescue" treatments to be used as part of the treatment regimen.Third, apply an analysis method that in effect imputes unobserved outcomes after treatment discontinuation.This option requires careful attention to assumptions underlying the imputations.As Hirman and Flyer point out, an analysis that assumes that data are missing at random and relies on data from patients who continued to receive treatment to impute outcomes in those who discontinued treatment can be problematic.Such an approach would estimate counterfactual outcomes (i.e., what might have happened had the patients who discontinued treatment actually continued), and its usefulness depends on whether the counterfactual outcomes are of interest.If patients who discontinue treatment revert to "standard care," an analysis that imputes observed outcomes with information from a group receiving "standard care" may be more relevant.Such an analysis can be facilitated by collecting outcomes data on some participants who discontinued treatment.A sensitivity analysis that models realistic departures from data that are missing at random may help to assess how robust the findings are with regard to differing reasonable assumptions regarding the missing data.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: P Marteau
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

This article reviews important papers on inflammatory bowel disease published between May 1998 and June 1999. It does not review every aspect of treatment, but focuses on the effects of anti-tumor necrosis factor antibodies on the inflammatory lesions. The new information summarized includes: the role of bacteria and the modulating effects of probiotics; the frequency of appendiceal orifice inflammation in ulcerative colitis; progress in imaging based on endoscopic ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and leukocyte scintigraphy; frequency and treatment of massive hemorrhage, viral superinfection, and persistent perineal sinus; and the pathogenesis, detection, and treatment of dysplasia and cancer.