tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Personal View
Authors: J. H Price
Journal: BMJ (1986)

<h3>BACKGROUND:</h3> Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has become the preferable modality of respiratory support for spontaneously breathing premature infants in the neonatal ICU (NICU). Whereas NIV support contributes to the prevention of long-term respiratory sequelae from mechanical ventilation, the nasal interfaces used are well known for placing patients at risk for development of NIV device-related pressure injuries (PIs). After implementing clinical practice guidelines promoting the use of sealing NIV interfaces for respiratory support in a level IV NICU, an increase in the frequency of stage 2 or worse and deep tissue injury (DTI) PI was observed. We hypothesized that the implementation of a multifaceted skin care bundle (SCB) would reduce the incidence of NIV device-related PI. <h3>METHODS:</h3> Quality improvement methodology was used to evaluate the impact of implementing an SCB for patients supported with NIV via a nasal interface. Incidence rate of stage 2 or worse and DTI PI was reported per 100 NIV days over 4 distinct time periods: (1) pre-NIV guideline, (2) post-NIV guideline, (3) post SCB, and (4) sustainability phase. Incidence comparisons were made using one-sided <i>P</i> values from the Farrington-Manning test of equal risks with a significance level of 0.05. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> The NICU experienced a notable rise in NIV device-related PI after implementation of NIV guidelines (0.01 vs 0.34 per 100 NIV days; <i>P</i> = .01). After application of an SCB, a decrease in NIV device-related skin PI was achieved (0.34 vs 0.07 per 100 NIV days; <i>P</i> = .04), representing a 79% reduction. <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> A collaborative and multidisciplinary team approach was used to promote engagement with clinical staff to address a preventable harm. The implementation of a multifaceted PI prevention bundle contributed to reducing harm while permitting the continued use of appropriate respiratory support to a highly vulnerable patient population in the NICU.
Health and economic implications of a tobacco-free society
Authors: K. E. Warner
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Cigarette smoking causes more premature deaths than do all the following together: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cocaine, heroin, alcohol, fire, automobile accidents, homicide, and suicide. Attainment of a tobacco-free society ultimately would produce a national life-expectancy gain comparable with that that would accompany the complete elimination of all cancers not caused by tobacco use. In particular, each year 350000 individuals who would have experienced tobacco-related deaths would realize a life-expectancy gain of 15 years. Reflecting their higher smoking prevalence and rates of smokingrelated diseases, blacks would benefit more than whites. By altering the mix of morbid conditions and fatal diseases, the end of tobacco-related disease would shift the need for particular medical specialties and health care facilities. The tobacco industry implies that the demise of tobacco consumption would wreak havoc with the economy. By contrast, some antitobacco activists suggest that the end of tobacco use would yield a multibillion dollar fiscal dividend. Each argument is fundamentally flawed. The economic impacts of a tobacco-free society would be modest and of far less consequence than the principal implication: a significantly enriched quality and quantity of life. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:2080-2086
Blood, New York
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Myocarditis
Authors: Walter H. Abelmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE historical evolution of concepts of primary diseases of the myocardium, including myocarditis, has recently been reviewed succinctly by Mattingly.1 Through careful post-mortem studies, Saphir2 called attention to the true autopsy incidence of inflammatory lesions of the myocardium, ranging from 3.4 to 9.3 per cent. Increased alertness on the part of clinicians led to many reports of myocardial involvement by systemic disease, and also to recognition of acute primary myocarditis, largely of unknown etiology.2 3 4 5 Only recently has it become possible to identify many of the latter as viral. Coxsackie viruses of Group B have been especially associated with myocarditis, with . . .
Errors in Tables
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Peter Jensen, MD, PhD; Claus Zachariae, MD, DMSc; Robin Christensen, MSc, PhD; Nina R. W. Geiker, MSc; Bente K. Schaadt, MD, PhD; Steen Stender, MD, DMSc; Peter R. Hansen, MD, DMSc; Arne Astrup, MD, DMSc; Lone Skov, MD, DMSc
Error in Figure 2
Authors: Ian Nolan, Alexes Hazen, Shane Morrison, Hansjörg Wyss
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2018)

Joe Habbouche, BA; Jay Lee, MD; Rena Steiger, MPH; James M. Dupree, MD, MPH; Caitlin Khalsa, MPP; Michael Englesbe, MD; Chad Brummett, MD; Jennifer Waljee, MD, MPH
DDT
Authors: T. H. Jukes
Journal: JAMA (1974)

WE are in the midst of a great debate on how man should adjust to his environment. One viewpoint is that there are too many people, and we are rushing ahead to destruction of the Earth, and ourselves, by the use of unbridled technology. Some people who hold this viewpoint blame science for our problems, and they are quite pessimistic. The contrasting opinion admits the gravity of our environmental situation, but believes that science can, and must, solve the problems of pollution, energy, health, and the food supply. I think that physicians tend towards this second viewpoint because of their interest in human beings. Perhaps this is why they went into medicine in the first place. One of the main objectives of the "environmental movement" is that the insecticide DDT should be banned. The drive to obtain this ban has become a crusade in which every effort is made to
Alexander Borodin, the scientist, the musician, the man
Authors: J. C. Cole
Journal: JAMA (1969)

On March 19, 1887, the back pages of<i>Lancet</i>contained a one-paragraph obituary notice which read in part: Dr. Alexander Porphyryevich Borodin died suddenly, probably from highly diseased coronary arteries. His published works were tolerably numerous and included a number of important articles on the estimation of nitrogen. By means of Professor Borodin's process, combined with that of Kjeldahl's, the physician has a means whereby this estimation may be made with a very moderate amount of difficulty and trouble.... In spite of his arduous professional and laboratory work, Professor Borodin found time for cultivation of the art and science of music, in which he was quite adept. He is, indeed, said to have rendered valuable service to the cause of Russian music. Borodin wore the two hats of medicine and music throughout his life. He had composed a polka by the age of 9 and, when he was 13, a
Annual Report of Council
Authors: Mrs Kershaw, Royal College, R Al Baghdadi, M Alfagih, A Al-Samarrai, I Al-Taie, A Ameen, L Appiah, J Bachir, J Baidya, Pushpa Balasooriya, A Banks, D P S Bhatia, R Bhattacharya, S Bhattacharyya, R Birudavolu, R Boome, J Brice, S Cairns, G Carden, Y Chan, D Andrew, D Chaudhuri, C Datta, A Davies, G Desai, J Dixon, A El, S Dowidar, El Sakaan, R Fahed, B Faizer, M Fernandez, J Flanagan, L Forrest, Kong-Poon Gan, P Gooder, S Govindan, I-Ul Haque, D Higginson, G Hoffman, H Hubbard, N Jain, M Jamal, M Jawad, K Jha, G Kelly, J Khurana, J Kirsten, T Kurukula- Suriya, T Lau, G Lunn, M Luvuno, R Macdougall, L Madhavareddy, A Marsden, M Marzouk, R Matthews, J May, M Mehrez, Vershi Meisheri, M Morales, J Mulcahy, A Mullins, S Murray, C Ng, G Odigie, T E O'hare, A Parvaiz, H Pawar, K B Queen, S Quraishi, S Rao, D Rashid, A Ray, A Roy, A Richards, J Sebastian, B Shahrad, Shanker Narayan, S Singh, S Soutar, M Srivastava, A Stone, V Talati, P Talbot, C Taylor, A Theodorou, G Trengrove-Jones, I Usmani, Chalattil Vijayalakshmy, D Ward, H Wilshaw, A Woodyer
Journal: BMJ (1977)
Book Review Principles of Neural Science Third edition. Edited by Eric R. Kandel, James H. Schwartz, and Thomas M. Jessell. 1135 pp., illustrated. New York, Elsevier, 1991. $65. ISBN 0–444–01562–0 . Manter and Gatz's Essentials of Clinical Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology Eighth edition. By Sid Gilman and Sarah Winans Newman. 328 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, F.A. Davis, 1992. $21.95. ISBN 0–8036–4157–5 . Basic Neuroscience: Anatomy and physiology Second edition. By Arthur C. Guyton. 400 pp…
Authors: Lester S. Adelman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
H04: Moulage: the forgotten art of dermatology?
Authors: P Arzpayma, P Yesudian
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

Abu Ali Al-Hussein Ibn Abdullah Ibn Sina (980-1037 AD), known as Avicenna in the West, was born in Afshaneh, a village in the north-eastern part of medieval Persia.At the age of 10 years, he memorized the Koran and was proficient in the Arabic language and literature classics.Avicenna then immersed himself in philosophy and medicine, and by the age of 18 years, became a famous physician, well known in his country and beyond.He succeeded in treating the sultan of Bukhara and later cured the ruler of the Buyid Dynasty, becoming his private physician and prime minister.He wrote > 450 treatises on philosophy, logic, astronomy, alchemy, geology, mathematics, physics, poetry, psychology and medicine.In his most important medical manuscript, The Canon of Medicine, completed in 1025, he devoted a full chapter to dermatology.This book became one of the textbooks used for medical education in Europe from the twelfth to the seventeenth century, and went through 15 Latin editions.Avicenna defined a number of cutaneous conditions.Black baras (psoriasis) was described as roughness of skin, associated with shedding of large, round fish-like scales, which mainly occur in winter and is incurable once chronic.He suggested the application of topical oils and the avoidance of alcohol for its treatment.Black bahaq (tinea versicolor) was characterized as benign, smooth and superficial discoloured spots.He indicated that Wadah or white bahaq (vitiligo) manifested as nondepressed white spots of the skin with retention of original hair colour, and used the plant Acorus calamus in its treatment.Avicenna elucidated the symptoms, signs, complications and treatments of judham (lepromatous leprosy) in detail and called it the 'leonine disease'.He highlighted hair and nail changes, ulceration/mutilation of extremities and change of facies seen in this condition, and considered it incurable.Avicenna suggested that sa'afa or quwaba (impetigo) was an ulcerating eruption that can form necrotizing ulcers with pus discharge.Avicenna dedicated a chapter on swellings and pustules in the fourth volume of Canon of Medicine.He described blistering skin diseases as hot swellings and alluded to a potential link between skin blisters and diet (onion, garlic, leeks, pepper, wine), now proven to have acantholytic potential.Avicenna's birthday is celebrated as National Doctor's Day in Iran to commemorate his invaluable contribution to medicine.He remained single throughout his life, dedicating his time to teaching and his profession.The wealth of information on various skin conditions mentioned in his textbook has served dermatologists well for many centuries.
Gene. Toxicant Link to Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Brian Balin, Alan Hudson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

led what may prove to be a huge step forwarding in understanding Alzheimer's.Says Balin, "We don't have a definite cause yet, but we definitely have a potential cause or risk fac- tor for the disease."C. pneumoniae is the cousin of C. tra- chomatis, which causes both the sexually transmitted infection commonly known as chlamydia and trachoma, a form of blindness.C. pneumoniae is a pervasive bacteri- um, appearing in 40-70% of adults.Unlike most other bacteria, C. pneumoniae can only live inside a cell and draws its energy from the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate.The bacterium is spread through sneezing and coughing, and causes diseases such as sinusitis and bronchitis.In studying the relationship between C. pneumoniae and lateonset Alzheimer's, Balin and Hudson used postmortem samples from various regions of the brains of patients both with and without Alzheimer's.From each sample, the scientists prepared samples of nucleic acid, which were screened by polymerase chain reaction assay for the presence of two C. pneumoniae marker genes.Analyses showed that sam- ples from 17 of the 19 brains with Alzheimer's tested positive for the bacteria, while only 1 of 19 brain samples without Alzheimer's tested positive.
Antibacterial Chemotherapy
Authors: Avram Goldstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

IT IS an interesting commentary on one man's impact upon the growth of scientific medicine that a review of a rapidly expanding field, written thirty-five years after his death, should comprise a mere addition of details to the broad guiding principles he established. In this thirteenth year of the clinical use of sulfonamides, the seventh of penicillin and the fourth of streptomycin, it seems entirely appropriate to introduce the discussion by a restatement of the fundamentals upon which Ehrlich1 2 3 founded the science of chemotherapy.As intended by its author, the word "chemotherapy" means the treatment of parasitic disease by direct . . .
Consultation Request
Authors: Ronald W. Pies
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Studies on Cadmium-Induced Inhibition of Hepatic Microsomal Drug Biotransformation in the Rat
Authors: R. C. Schnell, J. R. Means, S. A. Roberts, D. H. Pence
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Cadmium is a potent inhibitor of hepatic microsomal drug biotransformation in the rat.Male rats receiving a single intraperitoneal dose of cadmium exhibit significant decreases in hepatic microsomal metabolism of a variety of substrates.The threshold cadmium dose is 0.84 mg Cd/kg, and the effect lasts at least 28 days.Mechanistically, the inhibitory effect results from decreased cytochrome P450 content since cadmium does not alter NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity.This effect is also observed following acute oral administration of cadmium in doses greater than 80 mg Cd/kg but is not observed following chronic administration of the metal via drinking water in concentrations of 5-200 ppm for periods ranging from 2 to 50 weeks.A tolerance to the inhibitory cadmium effect is observed if male rats are pretreated with subthreshold doses of the metal prior to the challenge cadmium dose.The degree of tolerance can be overcome by increasing the challenge dose of cadmium.Characterization of the tolerance phenomenon in terms of onset, duration, and intensity reveals a good correlation with the kinetics of metaliothionein production, suggesting that the underlying basis for the tolerance phenomenon is likely the induction of metallothionein.A sex-related difference in the inhibitory effect of cadmium was ob- served.Cadmium did not inhibit the metabolism of hexobarbital or ethylmorphine in female rats but did inhibit that of aniline or zoxazolamine.Cadmium did not lower cytochrome P-450 content in female rats.
The Lettsomian Lectures on Peritonitis: Delivered before the Medical Society of London, January, 1894
Authors: F. Treves
Journal: BMJ (1894)

HAVE ventured to select peritonitis as the subject of these lectures not only on account of the fact that the diseased conditions known by that name still occupy a terrible pro- minence among the causes of death, but because the present time appears to be peculiarly convenient for reviewing the clinical and pathological aspects of this fatal trouble, and for criticising opinions which the custom of years has endued with a spurious appearance of accuracy.
Medical schools, clinical faculty, and community physicians
Authors: L. E. Cluff
Journal: JAMA (1982)

MOST medical schools have controlled or had a dominant influence on their principal teaching hospitals where the full-time faculty engage in medical practice, students are educated, and residents are trained. However, 25 of the 29 recently established medical schools have affiliated only with community hospitals and do not control these institutions.<sup>1</sup>In addition, the number of community hospitals affiliated with medical schools increased from 517 in 1966 to 1,168 in 1976.<sup>2</sup>Despite this, most community hospitals do not have affiliations with medical schools and have no educational or training programs. For the purposes of this discussion, hospitals are divided into those closely affiliated with medical schools and that have a large contingent of "full-time" clinical faculty, and those that are community hospitals used largely or exclusively by community physicians in their medical practice. There are noticeable differences between the principal teaching hospitals of medical schools and community hospitals.
Archiv für Kinderheilkunde, Stuttgart
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chronic Toxicity of Chloroform to Japanese Medaka Fish
Authors: Margaret W. Toussaint, Alan B. Rosencrance, Linda M. Brennan, Joseph R. Beaman, Marilyn J. Wolfe, Florence J. Hoffmann, Henry S. Gardner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were continually exposed in a flow-through diluter system for 9 months to measured chloroform concentrations of 0.017, 0.151, or 1.463 mg/L. Parameters evaluated were hepatocarcinogenicity, hepatocellular proliferation, hematology, and intrahepatic chloroform concentration. Histopathology was evaluated at 6 and 9 months. Chloroform was not hepatocarcinogenic to the medaka at the concentrations tested. Chronic toxicity was evidenced at these time points by statistically significant ([alpha] = 0.05) levels of gallbladder lesions and bile duct abnormalities in medaka treated with 1.463 mg/L chloroform. We assessed hepatocellular proliferation by exposing test fish to 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine in the aquarium water for 72 hr after 4 and 20 days of chloroform exposure; we then quantified area-labeling indices of the livers using computer-assisted image analysis. We observed no treatment-related increases in cellular proliferation. We analyzed cells in circulating blood in medaka after 6 months of chloroform exposure. Hematocrit, leukocrit, cell viability, and cell counts of treated fish were not significantly different from those of control fish. Using gas chromatography (GC), we evaluated intrahepatic concentrations of chloroform in fish after 9 months of exposure. Livers from the 0.151 and 1.463 mg/L chloroform-treated fish had detectable amounts of chloroform, but these levels were always lower than the aquaria concentrations of chloroform. Thus, it appeared that chloroform did not bioaccumulate in the liver. Unidentified presumptive metabolite peaks were found in the GC tracings of these fish livers.
Academy of Medicine, Paris: March 28
Journal: BMJ (1842)

a memoir on the sub- ject of lithrotrity, in cases complicated witlh retention of urine, and on a newimode of extractinig the frag- ments of calculi.For this purpose the author pro- posed the3 use of an instruiment wlhich he has invented, one portion of which allows of the escape of the detritus, while througlh the other a current of water is passed into the bladder.URETHROPLASTY.
Stories
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal