tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Computer vision in surgery: from potential to clinical value
Authors: Pietro Mascagni, Deepak Alapatt, Luca Sestini, Maria S. Altieri, Amin Madani, Yusuke Watanabe, Adnan Alseidi, Jay A. Redan, Sergio Alfieri, Guido Costamagna, Ivo Boškoski, Nicolas Padoy, Daniel A. Hashimoto
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2022)

Abstract Hundreds of millions of operations are performed worldwide each year, and the rising uptake in minimally invasive surgery has enabled fiber optic cameras and robots to become both important tools to conduct surgery and sensors from which to capture information about surgery. Computer vision (CV), the application of algorithms to analyze and interpret visual data, has become a critical technology through which to study the intraoperative phase of care with the goals of augmenting surgeons’ decision-making processes, supporting safer surgery, and expanding access to surgical care. While much work has been performed on potential use cases, there are currently no CV tools widely used for diagnostic or therapeutic applications in surgery. Using laparoscopic cholecystectomy as an example, we reviewed current CV techniques that have been applied to minimally invasive surgery and their clinical applications. Finally, we discuss the challenges and obstacles that remain to be overcome for broader implementation and adoption of CV in surgery.
Abstract 5136: Endurance Exercise Training Induces Similar Reductions in C-Reactive Protein in Elderly, Obese and Non-Obese Individuals
Authors: Tracy Baynard, Victoria J Vieira, Ellen M Evans, Jeffrey A Woods
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Aging and obesity are both associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, which occurs concomitantly with elevated inflammation. Weight loss decreases C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker ...
Efficacy and safety of CPX-351 versus 7 + 3 chemotherapy by European LeukemiaNet 2017 risk subgroups in older adults with newly diagnosed, high-risk/secondary AML: post hoc analysis of a randomized, phase 3 trial
Authors: Jorge E. Cortes, Tara L. Lin, Kobby Asubonteng, Stefan Faderl, Jeffrey E. Lancet, Thomas Prebet
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2022)

Abstract CPX-351 (Europe: Vyxeos ® liposomal; United States: Vyxeos ® ) is a dual-drug liposomal encapsulation of daunorubicin and cytarabine in a synergistic 1:5 molar ratio. In a phase 3 study in older adults with newly diagnosed, high-risk/secondary AML, CPX-351 improved the remission frequency, overall survival, and post-transplant survival versus 7 + 3. This post hoc analysis evaluated the final 5-year follow-up outcomes according to the European LeukemiaNet 2017 risk classification. CPX-351–treated patients had a higher remission frequency (adverse risk: 41% vs 26%; intermediate risk: 58% vs 39%) and longer median overall survival (adverse risk: 7.59 vs 5.52 months; intermediate risk: 11.86 vs 7.75 months) and post-transplant survival (adverse risk: 43.14 vs 7.08 months; intermediate risk: not reached vs 13.57 months) versus 7 + 3, with outcomes generally poorer among patients with adverse-risk AML. The safety profile of CPX-351 among patients with adverse-risk or intermediate-risk AML was consistent with that of the overall study population. Early mortality was lower, and hospitalization length of stay per patient-year was shorter with CPX-351 versus 7 + 3 within the adverse-risk and intermediate-risk subgroups. The favorable outcomes observed with CPX-351 in this post hoc analysis are consistent with results for the overall study population and further support the use of CPX-351 in these patients. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01696084.
INSERT-seq enables high-resolution mapping of genomically integrated DNA using Nanopore sequencing
Authors: Dimitrije Ivančić, Júlia Mir-Pedrol, Jessica Jaraba-Wallace, Núria Rafel, Avencia Sanchez-Mejias, Marc Güell
Journal: Genome biology (2022)

Comprehensive characterisation of genome engineering technologies is relevant for their development and safe use in human gene therapy. Short-read based methods can overlook insertion events in repetitive regions. We develop INSERT-seq, a method that combines targeted amplification of integrated DNA, UMI-based correction of PCR bias and Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing for robust analysis of DNA integration. The experimental pipeline improves the number of mappable insertions at repetitive regions by 4.8-7.3% and larger repeats are processed with a computational peak calling pipeline. INSERT-seq is a simple, cheap and robust method to quantitatively characterise DNA integration in diverse ex vivo and in vivo samples.
Targeting ERRα promotes cytotoxic effects against acute myeloid leukemia through suppressing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation
Authors: Wonhyoung Seo, Seungyeul Yoo, Yi Zhong, Sang-Hee Lee, Soo-Yeon Woo, Hee-Seon Choi, Minho Won, Taylor Roh, Sang Min Jeon, Kyeong Tae Kim, Prashanta Silwal, Min Joung Lee, Jun Young Heo, Nathan Lawlor, Sup Kim, Dongjun Lee, Jin-Man Kim, Ik-Chan Song, Jun Zhu, Eun-Kyeong Jo
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2022)

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer with poor clinical outcomes. Emerging data suggest that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mtOXPHOS) plays a significant role in AML tumorigenesis, progression, and resistance to chemotherapies. However, how the mtOXPHOS is regulated in AML cells is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the oncogenic functions of ERRα in AML by combining in silico, in vitro, and in vivo analyses and showed ERRα is a key regulator of mtOXPHOS in AML cells. The increased ERRα level was associated with worse clinical outcomes of AML patients. Single cell RNA-Seq analysis of human primary AML cells indicated that ERRα-expressing cancer cells had significantly higher mtOXPHOS enrichment scores. Blockade of ERRα by pharmacologic inhibitor (XCT-790) or gene silencing suppressed mtOXPHOS and increased anti-leukemic effects in vitro and in xenograft mouse models.
Neuroinflammation Plays a Critical Role in Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Disease
Authors: Catherine Chinhchu Lai, Bliss Nelsen, Eduardo Frias-Anaya, Helios Gallego-Gutierrez, Marco Orecchioni, Victoria Herrera, Elan Ortiz, Hao Sun, Omar A. Mesarwi, Klaus Ley, Brendan Gongol, Miguel Alejandro Lopez-Ramirez
Journal: Circulation Research (2022)

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are neurovascular lesions caused by loss of function mutations in 1 of 3 genes, including
First communication on the efficacy of combined<sup>177</sup>Lutetium-PSMA with immunotherapy outside prostate cancer
Authors: Antonia Digklia, Sarah Boughdad, Krisztian Homicsko, Clarisse Dromain, Mounir Trimech, Ana Dolcan, Solange Peters, John Prior, Niklaus Schaefer
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioligand therapy is a validated treatment option for patients with advanced prostate cancer. Although PSMA expression is not limited to prostate tissue, little is known about its relevance to other types of cancer. Here, we present a case report of a patient with uterine leiomyosarcoma that is progressing while on immunotherapy and treated with 177 Lu-PSMA radionuclide therapy. We report for the first time that 177 Lu-PSMA radionuclide therapy combined with immunotherapy outside of prostate cancer. We did observe post-treatment reduction of tumor growth rate, although we did not notice disease response based on RECIST criteria. We suggest that 177 Lu-PSMA treatment especially combined with immunotherapy may be an option for patients with cancer without other therapeutic options. Insights: 177 Lu-PSMA radionuclide therapy should be considered for any tumor stained positive for PSMA.
Case 33-2022: An 11-Year-Old Girl with Redness of the Eyes
Authors: Ezra M. Cohen, Lucia Sobrin, Maria G. Figueiro Longo, Danielle B. Pier, Daniel R. Brown, Anna M. Stagner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

An 11-year-old girl with latent tuberculosis infection was evaluated for eye redness of 8 weeks' duration. Funduscopy had shown optic-disk edema, peripheral retinal hemorrhages, and perivascular exudates. A diagnosis was made.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Bystander CPR for Witnessed Cardiac Arrest
Authors: R. Angel Garcia, John A. Spertus, Saket Girotra, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, Kevin F. Kennedy, Bryan F. McNally, Khadijah Breathett, Marina Del Rios, Comilla Sasson, Paul S. Chan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

Differences in the incidence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) provided by bystanders contribute to survival disparities among persons with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. It is critical to understand whether the incidence of bystander CPR in witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrests at home and in public settings differs according to the race or ethnic group of the person with cardiac arrest in order to inform interventions.
Neonatal Docosahexaenoic Acid in Preterm Infants and Intelligence at 5 Years
Authors: Jacqueline F. Gould, Maria Makrides, Robert A. Gibson, Thomas R. Sullivan, Andrew J. McPhee, Peter J. Anderson, Karen P. Best, Mary Sharp, Jeanie L.Y. Cheong, Gillian F. Opie, Javeed Travadi, Jana M. Bednarz, Peter G. Davis, Karen Simmer, Lex W. Doyle, Carmel T. Collins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a component of neural tissue. Because its accretion into the brain is greatest during the final trimester of pregnancy, infants born before 29 weeks' gestation do not receive the normal supply of DHA. The effect of this deficiency on subsequent cognitive development is not well understood.
Central nervous system involvement in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia is linked to upregulation of cholesterol biosynthetic pathways
Authors: A. Cousins, O. Olivares, E. Markert, A. Manoharan, X. Bubnova, S. Bresolin, M. Degn, Z. Li, D. Silvestri, G. McGregor, S. Tumanov, D. Sumpton, J. J. Kamphorst, A. M. Michie, P. Herzyk, M. G. Valsecchi, A. E. Yeoh, K. Schmiegelow, G. te Kronnie, E. Gottlieb, C. Halsey
Journal: Leukemia (2022)
A Phase I/IIa study of autologous tolerogenic dendritic cells immunotherapy in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Aurélie Moreau, Delphine Kervella, Laurence Bouchet-Delbos, Cécile Braudeau, Soraya Saïagh, Pierrick Guérif, Sophie Limou, Anne Moreau, Sylvain Bercegeay, Mathias Streitz, Birgit Sawitzki, Ben James, Paul N. Harden, David Game, Qizhi Tang, James F. Markmann, Ian S.D. Roberts, Edward K. Geissler, Brigitte Dréno, Régis Josien, Maria-Cristina Cuturi, Gilles Blancho, Gilles Blancho, Julien Branchereau, Diego Cantarovich, Agnès Chapelet, Jacques Dantal, Clément Deltombe, Lucile Figueres, Raphael Gaisne, Claire Garandeau, Magali Giral, Caroline Gourraud-Vercel, Maryvonne Hourmant, Georges Karam, Clarisse Kerleau, Delphine Kervella, Christophe Masset, Aurélie Meurette, Simon Ville, Christine Kandell, Anne Moreau, Karine Renaudin, Florent Delbos, Alexandre Walencik, Anne Devis
Journal: Kidney International (2022)
The 2022 Updated European Association of Urology Guidelines on the Use of Adjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jens Bedke, Laurence Albiges, Umberto Capitanio, Rachel H. Giles, Milan Hora, Börje Ljungberg, Lorenzo Marconi, Tobias Klatte, Alessandro Volpe, Yasmin Abu-Ghanem, Saeed Dabestani, Sergio Fernández-Pello, Fabian Hofmann, Teele Kuusk, Rana Tahbaz, Thomas Powles, Axel Bex
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Disease correlates and clinical relevance of hereditary α-tryptasemia in patients with systemic mastocytosis
Authors: Benedetta Sordi, Fiorenza Vanderwert, Francesca Crupi, Francesca Gesullo, Roberta Zanotti, Patrizia Bonadonna, Lara Crosera, Chiara Elena, Nicolas Fiorelli, Jacqueline Ferrari, Federica Grifoni, Mariarita Sciumè, Roberta Parente, Massimo Triggiani, Boaz Palterer, Valentina Mecheri, Fabio Almerigogna, Raffaella Santi, Lisa Di Medio, Maria Luisa Brandi, Maria Loredana Iorno, Isabella Ciardetti, Sara Bencini, Francesco Annunziato, Carmela Mannarelli, Lisa Pieri, Paola Guglielmelli, Francesco Mannelli, Alessandro M. Vannucchi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Transition to independent care for youth living with HIV: a cluster randomised clinical trial
Authors: Irene N Njuguna, Kristin Beima-Sofie, Caren W Mburu, Cyrus Mugo, Janet Itindi, Alvin Onyango, Jillian Neary, Barbra A Richardson, Laura Oyiengo, Dalton Wamalwa, Grace John-Stewart
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2022)
The legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic for childhood vaccination in the USA
Authors: Douglas J Opel, Noel T Brewer, Alison M Buttenheim, Timothy Callaghan, Richard M Carpiano, Chelsea Clinton, Jad A Elharake, Lisa C Flowers, Alison P Galvani, Peter J Hotez, Jason L Schwartz, Regina M Benjamin, Arthur Caplan, Renee DiResta, Rekha Lakshmanan, Yvonne A Maldonado, Michelle M Mello, Wendy E Parmet, Daniel A Salmon, Joshua M Sharfstein, Saad B Omer
Journal: The Lancet (2022)
Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate Dietary Intervention on Hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub>
Authors: Kirsten S. Dorans, Lydia A. Bazzano, Lu Qi, Hua He, Jing Chen, Lawrence J. Appel, Chung-Shiuan Chen, Ming-Hui Hsieh, Frank B. Hu, Katherine T. Mills, Bernadette T. Nguyen, Matthew J. O’Brien, Jonathan M. Samet, Gabriel I. Uwaifo, Jiang He
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Low-carbohydrate diets decrease hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among patients with type 2 diabetes at least as much as low-fat diets. However, evidence on the effects of low-carbohydrate diets on HbA1c among individuals with HbA1c in the range of prediabetes to diabetes not treated by diabetes medications is limited.To study the effect of a behavioral intervention promoting a low-carbohydrate diet compared with usual diet on 6-month changes in HbA1c among individuals with elevated untreated HbA1c.This 6-month randomized clinical trial with 2 parallel groups was conducted from September 2018 to June 2021 at an academic medical center in New Orleans, Louisiana. Laboratory analysts were blinded to assignment. Participants were aged 40 to 70 years with untreated HbA1c of 6.0% to 6.9% (42-52 mmol/mol). Data analysis was performed from November 2021 to September 2022.Participants were randomized to a low-carbohydrate diet intervention (target <40 net grams of carbohydrates during the first 3 months; <60 net grams for months 3 to 6) or usual diet. The low-carbohydrate diet group received dietary counseling.Six-month change in HbA1c was the primary outcome. Outcomes were measured at 0, 3, and 6 months.Of 2722 prescreened participants, 962 underwent screening, and 150 were enrolled (mean [SD] age, 58.9 [7.9] years; 108 women [72%]; 88 Black participants [59%]) and randomized to either the low-carbohydrate diet intervention (75 participants) or usual diet (75 participants) group. Six-month data were collected on 142 participants (95%). Mean (SD) HbA1c was 6.16% (0.30%) at baseline. Compared with the usual diet group, the low-carbohydrate diet intervention group had significantly greater 6-month reductions in HbA1c (net difference, -0.23%; 95% CI, -0.32% to -0.14%; P < .001), fasting plasma glucose (-10.3 mg/dL; 95% CI, -15.6 to -4.9 mg/dL; P < .001), and body weight (-5.9 kg; 95% CI, -7.4 to -4.4 kg; P < .001).In this randomized clinical trial, a low-carbohydrate dietary intervention led to improvements in glycemia in individuals with elevated HbA1c not taking glucose-lowering medication, but the study was unable to evaluate its effects independently of weight loss. This diet, if sustained, might be a useful dietary approach for preventing and treating type 2 diabetes, but more research is needed.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03675360.
Evaluation of an Automated Text Message–Based Program to Reduce Use of Acute Health Care Resources After Hospital Discharge
Authors: Eric Bressman, Judith A. Long, Katherine Honig, Jarcy Zee, Nancy McGlaughlin, Carlondra Jointer, David A. Asch, Robert E. Burke, Anna U. Morgan
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance Posthospital contact with a primary care team is an established pillar of safe transitions. The prevailing model of telephone outreach is usually limited in scope and operationally burdensome. Objective To determine whether a 30-day automated texting program to support primary care patients after hospital discharge is associated with reductions in the use of acute care resources. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used a difference-in-differences approach at 2 academic primary care practices in Philadelphia from January 27 through August 27, 2021. Established patients of the study practices who were 18 years or older, were discharged from an acute care hospitalization, and received the usual transitional care management telephone call were eligible for the study. At the intervention practice, 604 discharges were eligible and 430 (374 patients, of whom 46 had &amp;amp;gt;1 discharge) were enrolled in the intervention. At the control practice, 953 patients met eligibility criteria. The study period, including before and after the intervention, ran from August 27, 2020, through August 27, 2021. Exposure Patients received automated check-in text messages from their primary care practice on a tapering schedule during the 30 days after discharge. Any needs identified by the automated messaging platform were escalated to practice staff for follow-up via an electronic medical record inbox. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary study outcome was any emergency department (ED) visit or readmission within 30 days of discharge. Secondary outcomes included any ED visit or any readmission within 30 days, analyzed separately, and 30- and 60-day mortality. Analyses were based on intention to treat. Results A total of 1885 patients (mean [SD] age, 63.2 [17.3] years; 1101 women [58.4%]) representing 2617 discharges (447 before and 604 after the intervention at the intervention practice; 613 before and 953 after the intervention at the control practice) were included in the analysis. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for any use of acute care resources after implementation of the intervention was 0.59 (95% CI, 0.38-0.92). The aOR for an ED visit was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.45-1.30) and for a readmission was 0.45 (95% CI, 0.23-0.86). The aORs for death within 30 and 60 days of discharge at the intervention practice were 0.92 (95% CI, 0.23-3.61) and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.21-1.85), respectively. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cohort study suggest that an automated texting program to support primary care patients after hospital discharge was associated with significant reductions in use of acute care resources. This patient-centered approach may serve as a model for improving postdischarge care.
Comparison of Machine Learning Models Including Preoperative, Intraoperative, and Postoperative Data and Mortality After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: José Castela Forte, Galiya Yeshmagambetova, Maureen L. van der Grinten, Thomas W. L. Scheeren, Maarten W. N. Nijsten, Massimo A. Mariani, Robert H. Henning, Anne H. Epema
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

A variety of perioperative risk factors are associated with postoperative mortality risk. However, the relative contribution of routinely collected intraoperative clinical parameters to short-term and long-term mortality remains understudied.To examine the performance of multiple machine learning models with data from different perioperative periods to predict 30-day, 1-year, and 5-year mortality and investigate factors that contribute to these predictions.In this prognostic study using prospectively collected data, risk prediction models were developed for short-term and long-term mortality after cardiac surgery. Included participants were adult patients undergoing a first-time valve operation, coronary artery bypass grafting, or a combination of both between 1997 and 2017 in a single center, the University Medical Centre Groningen in the Netherlands. Mortality data were obtained in November 2017. Data analysis took place between February 2020 and August 2021.Cardiac surgery.Postoperative mortality rates at 30 days, 1 year, and 5 years were the primary outcomes. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to assess discrimination. The contribution of all preoperative, intraoperative hemodynamic and temperature, and postoperative factors to mortality was investigated using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) values.Data from 9415 patients who underwent cardiac surgery (median [IQR] age, 68 [60-74] years; 2554 [27.1%] women) were included. Overall mortality rates at 30 days, 1 year, and 5 years were 268 patients (2.8%), 420 patients (4.5%), and 612 patients (6.5%), respectively. Models including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data achieved AUROC values of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.78-0.86), 0.81 (95% CI, 0.77-0.85), and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.75-0.84) for 30-day, 1-year, and 5-year mortality, respectively. Models including only postoperative data performed similarly (30 days: 0.78 [95% CI, 0.73-0.82]; 1 year: 0.79 [95% CI, 0.74-0.83]; 5 years: 0.77 [95% CI, 0.73-0.82]). However, models based on all perioperative data provided less clinically usable predictions, with lower detection rates; for example, postoperative models identified a high-risk group with a 2.8-fold increase in risk for 5-year mortality (4.1 [95% CI, 3.3-5.1]) vs an increase of 11.3 (95% CI, 6.8-18.7) for the high-risk group identified by the full perioperative model. Postoperative markers associated with metabolic dysfunction and decreased kidney function were the main factors contributing to mortality risk.This study found that the addition of continuous intraoperative hemodynamic and temperature data to postoperative data was not associated with improved machine learning-based identification of patients at increased risk of short-term and long-term mortality after cardiac operations.
Inequity in National Institutes of Health Predoctoral Fellowships, 2001-2020
Authors: Mytien Nguyen, Nghia D. Nguyen, Sarwat I. Chaudhry, Mayur M. Desai, Jose E. Cavazos, Dowin Boatright
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

This cross-sectional study examines trends in number of awards and funding of general and diversity F31 predoctoral fellowships from 2001 to 2020.
Biodegradable Carbon Dioxide‐Derived Non‐Viral Gene Vectors for Osteosarcoma Gene Therapy
Authors: Meirong Li, Zheng‐Ian Lin, Jingyu Yang, Haoqiang Huang, Guan‐Lin Liu, Qiqi Liu, Xinmeng Zhang, Ying Zhang, Zhourui Xu, Haoming Lin, Yujuan Chai, Xin Chen, Bao‐Tsan Ko, Jia Liu, Chih‐Kuang Chen, Chengbin Yang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Osteosarcoma often occurs in children and adolescents with high invasiveness and high mortality. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) overexpressed in most tumors promotes cancer cell proliferation and transformation. PLK1 is considered as a therapeutic target for osteosarcoma. RNA interference-based therapies are employed to combat osteosarcoma through silencing PLK1 gene expression. However, the treatment results remain unsatisfactory due to the lack of a safe and efficient nonviral gene vector. To tackle this hurdle, biodegradable and CO2 -derivative cationic poly(vinylcyclohexene carbonates) (CPCHCs) are used as gene vectors to perform a siPLK1 therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma treatment. Of those CPCHCs, CPCHC60 demonstrates the most excellent performance in gene transfection efficiency, endo-lysosome escaping, biodegradability, and biosafety. With the treatment of CPCHCs/siRNA nanoparticles, the expression level of PLK1 gene in osteosarcoma cells is significantly down-regulated. Subsequently, cells are arrested in the G2 /M phase and subsequently dead in the form of apoptosis, resulting in significant tumor regression both in vitro and in vivo. This study brings a new insight into the development of superior nonviral gene vectors for practical cancer treatment. Based on the results, the resulting nanoparticle-based gene drug formation is considered to have a highly successful chance in further translational nanomedicine applications.