tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of 3 Brief Screening Questions for Detecting Partner Violence in the Emergency Department
Authors: Kim M. Feldhaus
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To devise a brief screening instrument to detect partner violence and to partially validate this screen against established instruments. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective survey. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Two urban, hospital-based emergency departments. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Of 491 women presenting during 48 randomly selected 4-hour time blocks, 322 (76% of eligible patients) participated. Respondents had a median age of 36 years; 19% were black, 45% white, and 30% Hispanic, while 6% were of other racial or ethnic groups; 54% were insured. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —We developed a partner violence screen (PVS), consisting of 3 questions about past physical violence and perceived personal safety. We administered the PVS and 2 standardized measures of partner violence, the Index of Spouse Abuse (ISA) and the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the PVS were compared with the ISA and the CTS as criterion standards. <h3>Results.</h3> —The prevalence rate of partner violence using the PVS was 29.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 24.6%-34.8%). For the ISA and CTS, the prevalence rates were 24.3% (95% CI, 19.2%-30.1%) and 27.4% (95% CI, 21.7%-33.6%), respectively. Compared with the ISA, the sensitivity of the PVS in detecting partner abuse was 64.5%; the specificity was 80.3%. When compared with the CTS, sensitivity of the PVS was 71.4%; the specificity was 84.4%. Positive predictive values ranged from 51.3% to 63.4%, and negative predictive values ranged from 87.6% to 88.7%. Overall, 13.7% of visits were the result of acute episodes of partner violence. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Three brief directed questions can detect a large number of women who have a history of partner violence.
Preventing tumor progression to the bone by induced tumor-suppressing MSCs: Erratum
Authors: Xun Sun, Kexin Li, Rongrong Zha, Shengzhi Liu, Yao Fan, Di Wu, Misato Hase, Uma K. Aryal, Chien-Chi Lin, Bai-Yan Li, Hiroki Yokota
Journal: Theranostics (2022)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/thno.58779.].
Redox dyshomeostasis modulation of the tumor intracellular environment through a metabolic intervention strategy for enhanced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zuo Yang, Chaoqiang Qiao, Qian Jia, Zhuang Chen, Xiaofei Wang, Xuelan liu, Ruili Zhang, Kanyi Pu, Zhongliang Wang
Journal: Theranostics (2022)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved anticancer treatment with a promising therapeutic prospect, however, usually suffers from the unfavorable intracellular environment including cellular hypoxia and excessive glutathione (GSH). Comprehensive and long-term modulation of tumor intracellular environment is crucial for optimizing therapeutic outcomes. However, current strategies do not enable such requirements, mainly limited by flexible networks of intracellular metabolic avenues.
Letter to the editor: Atypical weather is associated with the 2022 early start of West Nile virus transmission in Italy
Authors: José Lourenço, Francesco Pinotti, Taishi Nakase, Marta Giovanetti, Uri Obolski
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

Preview this article: Letter to the editor: Atypical weather is associated with the 2022 early start of West Nile virus transmission in Italy, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/27/34/eurosurv-27-34-3-1.gif
The health digital twin to tackle cardiovascular disease—a review of an emerging interdisciplinary field
Authors: Genevieve Coorey, Gemma A. Figtree, David F. Fletcher, Victoria J. Snelson, Stephen Thomas Vernon, David Winlaw, Stuart M. Grieve, Alistair McEwan, Jean Yee Hwa Yang, Pierre Qian, Kieran O’Brien, Jessica Orchard, Jinman Kim, Sanjay Patel, Julie Redfern
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2022)

Potential benefits of precision medicine in cardiovascular disease (CVD) include more accurate phenotyping of individual patients with the same condition or presentation, using multiple clinical, imaging, molecular and other variables to guide diagnosis and treatment. An approach to realising this potential is the digital twin concept, whereby a virtual representation of a patient is constructed and receives real-time updates of a range of data variables in order to predict disease and optimise treatment selection for the real-life patient. We explored the term digital twin, its defining concepts, the challenges as an emerging field, and potentially important applications in CVD. A mapping review was undertaken using a systematic search of peer-reviewed literature. Industry-based participants and patent applications were identified through web-based sources. Searches of Compendex, EMBASE, Medline, ProQuest and Scopus databases yielded 88 papers related to cardiovascular conditions (28%, n = 25), non-cardiovascular conditions (41%, n = 36), and general aspects of the health digital twin (31%, n = 27). Fifteen companies with a commercial interest in health digital twin or simulation modelling had products focused on CVD. The patent search identified 18 applications from 11 applicants, of which 73% were companies and 27% were universities. Three applicants had cardiac-related inventions. For CVD, digital twin research within industry and academia is recent, interdisciplinary, and established globally. Overall, the applications were numerical simulation models, although precursor models exist for the real-time cyber-physical system characteristic of a true digital twin. Implementation challenges include ethical constraints and clinical barriers to the adoption of decision tools derived from artificial intelligence systems.
Trends and regional variations of gonococcal antimicrobial resistance in the Netherlands, 2013 to 2019
Authors: Maartje Visser, Hannelore M Götz, Alje P van Dam, Birgit HB van Benthem
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

BackgroundGonococcal antimicrobial resistance is emerging worldwide and is monitored in the Netherlands in 18 of 24 Sexual Health Centres (SHC).AimTo report trends, predictors and regional variation of gonococcal azithromycin resistance (AZI-R, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 1 mg/L) and ceftriaxone decreased susceptibility (CEF-DS, MIC > 0.032 mg/L) in 2013-2019.MethodsSHC reported data on individual characteristics, sexually transmitted infection diagnoses, and susceptibility testing (MIC, measured by Etest). We used multilevel logistic regression analysis to identify AZI-R/CEF-DS predictors, correcting for SHC region. Population differences' effect on regional variance of AZI-R and CEF-DS was assessed with a separate multilevel model.ResultsThe study included 13,172 isolates, predominantly (n = 9,751; 74%) from men who have sex with men (MSM). Between 2013 and 2019, annual proportions of AZI-R isolates appeared to increase from 2.8% (37/1,304) to 9.3% (210/2,264), while those of CEF-DS seemed to decrease from 7.0% (91/1,306) to 2.9% (65/2,276). Among SHC regions, 0.0‒16.9% isolates were AZI-R and 0.0-7.0% CEF-DS; population characteristics could not explain regional variance. Pharyngeal strain origin and consultation year were significantly associated with AZI-R and CEF-DS for MSM, women, and heterosexual men. Among women and heterosexual men ≥ 4 partners was associated with CEF-DS, and ≥ 10 with AZI-R.ConclusionsNo resistance or decreasing susceptibility was found for CEF, the first line gonorrhoea treatment in the Netherlands. Similar to trends worldwide, AZI-R appeared to increase. Regional differences between SHC support nationwide surveillance with regional-level reporting. The increased risk of resistance/decreased susceptibility in pharyngeal strains underlines the importance of including extragenital infections in gonococcal resistance surveillance.
Increasing Prevalence of Antinuclear Antibodies in the United States
Authors: Gregg E. Dinse, Christine G. Parks, Clarice R. Weinberg, Caroll A. Co, Jesse Wilkerson, Darryl C. Zeldin, Edward K. L. Chan, Frederick W. Miller
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2022)

Objective Growing evidence suggests increasing frequencies of autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases, but findings are limited by the lack of systematic data and evolving approaches and definitions. This study was undertaken to investigate whether the prevalence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), the most common biomarker of autoimmunity, changed over a recent 25‐year span in the US. Methods Serum ANA were measured by standard indirect immunofluorescence assays on HEp‐2 cells in 13,519 participants age ≥12 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, with approximately one‐third from each of 3 time periods: 1988–1991, 1999–2004, and 2011–2012. We used logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, and survey design variables to estimate changes in ANA prevalence across the time periods. Results The prevalence of ANA was 11.0% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 9.7–12.6%) in 1988–1991, 11.4% (95% CI 10.2–12.8%) in 1999–2004, and 16.1% (95% CI 14.4–18.0%) in 2011–2012 ( P for trend &lt;0.0001), corresponding to ~22.3 million, ~26.6 million, and ~41.5 million affected individuals, respectively. Among adolescents age 12–19 years, ANA prevalence increased substantially, with odds ratios of 2.07 (95% CI 1.18–3.64) and 2.77 (95% CI 1.56–4.91) in the second and third time periods relative to the first ( P for trend = 0.0004). ANA prevalence increased in both sexes (especially in men), older adults (age ≥50 years), and non‐Hispanic white individuals. These increases in ANA prevalence were not explained by concurrent trends in weight (obesity/overweight), smoking exposure, or alcohol consumption. Conclusion The prevalence of ANA in the US has increased considerably in recent years. Additional studies to determine factors underlying these increases in ANA prevalence could elucidate causes of autoimmunity and enable the development of preventative measures.
Epidemiological profile of COVID-19 in the French overseas department Mayotte, 2020 to 2021
Authors: Marion Subiros, Charlotte Robert De Latour, Fanny Parenton, Ibtissame Soulaimana, Youssouf Hassani, Renaud Blondé, François Pousset, Yvonnick Boué, Camille Estagnasie, Gonzague Martin-Lecamp, Abdoulahy Diallo, Lucas Balloy, Mohamadou Niang, Christophe Caralp, Aurélie Cann, Abdourahim Chamouine, Alice Miquel, Geneviève Dennetière, Julie Durand, Maxime Jean, Sophie Olivier, Louis Collet, Nicole Tayeb, Patrice Combe
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, national and local measures were implemented on the island of Mayotte, a French overseas department in the Indian Ocean with critical socioeconomic and health indicators.AimWe aimed to describe the COVID-19 outbreak in Mayotte from March 2020 to March 2021, with two waves from 9 March to 31 December 2020 and from 1 January to 14 March 2021, linked to Beta (20H/501Y.V2) variant.MethodsTo understand and assess the dynamic and the severity of the COVID-19 outbreak in Mayotte, surveillance and investigation/contact tracing systems were set up including virological, epidemiological, hospitalisation and mortality indicators.ResultsIn total, 18,131 cases were laboratory confirmed, with PCR or RAT. During the first wave, incidence rate (IR) peaked in week 19 2020 (133/100,000). New hospitalisations peaked in week 20 (54 patients, including seven to ICU). Testing rate increased tenfold during the second wave. Between mid-December 2020 and mid-January 2021, IR doubled (851/100,000 in week 5 2021) and positivity rate tripled (28% in week 6 2021). SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant (Pangolin B.1.351) was detected in more than 80% of positive samples. Hospital admissions peaked in week 6 2021 with 225 patients, including 30 to ICU.ConclusionThis massive second wave could be linked to the high transmissibility of the Beta variant. The increase in the number of cases has naturally led to a higher number of severe cases and an overburdening of the hospital. This study shows the value of a real-time epidemiological surveillance for better understanding crisis situations.
<scp>Neutrophil‐to‐Lymphocyte</scp> Ratio and <scp>Platelet‐to‐Lymphocyte</scp> Ratio as Biomarkers in Axial Spondyloarthritis: Observational Studies From the Program to Understand the Longterm Outcomes in Spondyloarthritis Registry
Authors: Rouhin Sen, Emmeline Kim, Ruth J. Napier, Elizabeth Cheng, Andrea Fernandez, Evan S. Manning, Eric R. Anderson, Kyle D. Maier, Mena Hashim, Gail S. Kerr, Meika A. Fang, Jason K. Hou, Elizabeth Chang, Jessica A. Walsh, Siba P. Raychadhuri, Andreas Reimold, Liron Caplan
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2022)

This study was conducted to assess the utility of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in predicting radiographic sacroiliitis and active disease in axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) and to explore the association between use of a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) and these laboratory values compared with traditional inflammatory markers.
<i>Lgr5</i><sup>+</sup> cell fate regulation by coordination of metabolic nuclear receptors during liver repair
Authors: Dan Qin, Shenghui Liu, Yuanyuan Lu, Yi Yan, Jing Zhang, Shiyao Cao, Mi Chen, Ning Chen, Wendong Huang, Liqiang Wang, Xiangmei Chen, Lisheng Zhang
Journal: Theranostics (2022)

Background: Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) is a target gene of Wnt/β-Catenin which plays a vital role in hepatic development and regeneration. However, the regulation of Lgr5 gene and the fate of Lgr5+ cells in hepatic physiology and pathology are little known. This study aims to clarify the effect of metabolic nuclear receptors on Lgr5+ cell fate in liver. Methods: We performed cell experiments with primary hepatocytes, Hep 1-6, Hep G2, and Huh 7 cells, and animal studies with wild-type (WT), farnesoid X receptor (FXR) knockout mice, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) knockout mice and Lgr5-CreERT2; Rosa26-mTmG mice. GW4064 and CDCA were used to activate FXR. And GW7647 or Wy14643 was used for PPARα activation. Regulation of Lgr5 by FXR and PPARα was determined by QRT-PCR, western blot (WB) and RNAscope®in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunofluorescence (IF), luciferase reporter assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate (DDC) diet was used to induce liver injury. Results: Pharmacologic activation of FXR induced Lgr5 expression, whereas activation of PPARα suppressed Lgr5 expression. Furthermore, FXR and PPARα competed for binding to shared site on Lgr5 promoter with opposite transcriptional outputs. DDC diet triggered the transition of Lgr5+ cells from resting state to proliferation. FXR activation enhanced Lgr5+ cell expansion mainly by symmetric cell division, but PPARα activation prevented Lgr5+ cell proliferation along with asymmetric cell division. Conclusion: Our findings unravel the opposite regulatory effects of FXR and PPARα on Lgr5+ cell fate in liver under physiological and pathological conditions, which will greatly assist novel therapeutic development targeting nuclear receptors.
Metal-fluorouracil networks with disruption of mitochondrion enhanced ferroptosis for synergistic immune activation
Authors: Lingling Lei, Zhe Dong, Li Xu, Fengrui Yang, Baoli Yin, Youjuan Wang, Renye Yue, Guoqiang Guan, Juntao Xu, Guosheng Song, Xiao-bing Zhang
Journal: Theranostics (2022)

Rationale: Ferroptosis drugs inducing cancer immunogenic cell death (ICD) have shown the potential of immunotherapy in vivo.However, the current ferroptosis drugs usually induce the insufficient immune response because of the low ROS generation efficiency.Methods: Herein, we design zinc-fluorouracil metallodrug networks (Zn-Fu MNs), by coordinating Zn and Fu via facile one-pot preparation, to inactivate mitochondrial electron transport for enhanced ROS production and immune activation.Results: Zn-Fu MNs can be responsive toward acidity and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with the release of Fu and Zn 2+ , during which Zn 2+ can induce mitochondrion disruption to produce ROS, resulting in ferroptosis of cancer cells and 5-Fu interferes with DNA synthesis in nuclei with 19 F-MRI signal to be switched on for correlating drug release.With the synergistic effect of DNA damage and ferroptosis, the cancer cells are forced to promote ICD.Thereby, Zn-Fu MNs exhibit the excellent immune response without any other antigens loading.As a result, the infiltration of T cells within tumor and activation of immune cells in spleen have been greatly enhanced.Conclusions: Combined DNA damage and ferroptosis, Zn-Fu MNs induce the violent emission of tumor associated antigens within cancer cells which will sensitize naive dendritic cells and promote the activation and recruitment of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to exterminate cancer cells.Therefore, the obtained Zn-Fu MNs as ferroptosis inducers can effectively remodel immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and activate antitumor immune reaction.
Self-assembled traditional Chinese nanomedicine modulating tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment for colorectal cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Qianqian Mao, Juan Min, Rui Zeng, Haiqin Liu, Hao Li, Cao Zhang, Aixian Zheng, Jiumao Lin, Xiaolong Liu, Ming Wu
Journal: Theranostics (2022)

Colorectal cancer (CRC), mostly categorized as a low immunogenic microsatellite-stable phenotype bearing complex immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), is highly resistant to immunotherapy. Seeking safe and efficient alternatives aimed at modulating tumor immunosuppressive TME to improve outcome of CRC is highly anticipated yet remains challenging. Methods: Enlightened from the drug complementary art in traditional Chinese medicine, we designed a self-assembled nanomedicine (termed LNT-UA) by the natural active ingredients of ursolic acid (UA) and lentinan (LNT) through a simple nano-precipitation method, without any extra carriers, for CRC immunotherapy. Results: UA induces immunogenic cell death (ICD), while LNT further promotes dendritic cell (DC) maturation and repolarizes tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) from a protumorigenic M2 to an antitumor M1 phenotype. Co-delivery of UA and LNT by LNT-UA effectively reshapes the immunosuppressive TME and mobilizes innate and adaptive immunity to inhibit tumor progression in the CT26 CRC tumor model. Following the principle of integrative theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on overall regulation, the further combination of LNT-UA and anti-CD47 antibody (αCD47) would reinforce the antitumor immunity by promoting phagocytosis of dying tumor cells and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), leading to effective suppression of both primary and distant tumor growth with 2.2-fold longer of median survival time in the bilateral tumor model. Most notably, this combination effect is also observed in the spontaneous CRC model induced by chemical carcinogens, with much less and smaller size of tumor nodules after sequential administration of LNT-UA and αCD47 through gavage and intraperitoneal injection, respectively. Conclusions: This study provides a promising self-assembled traditional Chinese nanomedicine to improve immunotherapy for CRC, which might be applicable for future clinical translation.
Co-delivery of 5-fluorouracil and miRNA-34a mimics by host-guest self-assembly nanocarriers for efficacious targeted therapy in colorectal cancer patient-derived tumor xenografts: Erratum
Authors: Jianbin Xu, Guolin Zhang, Xin Luo, Di Wang, Wei Zhou, Yan Zhang, Wei Zhang, Jiaxin Chen, Qing Meng, Engeng Chen, Heng Chen, Zhangfa Song
Journal: Theranostics (2022)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/thno.52076.].
ARHGAP24 represses β-catenin transactivation-induced invasiveness in hepatocellular carcinoma mainly by acting as a GTPase-independent scaffold
Authors: Wenjing Yang, Beili Wang, Qian Yu, Te Liu, Tong Li, Tongtong Tian, Anli Jin, Lin Ding, Wei Chen, Hao Wang, Jingrong Xian, Baishen Pan, Jian Zhou, Jia Fan, Xinrong Yang, Wei Guo
Journal: Theranostics (2022)

Rationale:Accumulating evidence shows that Rho-GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs) exert suppressive roles in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis.However, no study has systematically investigated the clinical significance of RhoGAPs and analyzed the functions of ARHGAP24 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: The relationship between RhoGAP expression and HCC prognosis was investigated via using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases.ARHGAP24 expression was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blot and immunohistochemistry staining assays.Moreover, in vitro assays including cell counting kit-8, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays, and in vivo tumor growth and pulmonary metastases evaluations were conducted to evaluate the biological function of ARHGAP24 in HCC.Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, GTPase activation, ubiquitination, and luciferase reporter assays and bioinformatics analysis were carried out to gain insights into the mechanisms underlying the tumor-suppressive function of ARHGAP24.Results: ARHGAP24 expression was dramatically decreased in HCC tissues, and low ARHGAP24 expression was an independent poor prognostic indicator for progression-free survival in HCC patients.ARHGAP24 overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while knockdown of ARHGAP24 exerted the opposite effects.Through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), we found ARHGAP24 mainly suppressed HCC cell proliferation and invasion by attenuating β-catenin transactivation and blocking β-catenin signaling could effectively abolish the promotional effects of ARHGAP24 knockdown in HCC cells.Notably, GAP-deficient mutant of ARHGAP24 exerted similar inhibitory effects as the wild-type did, indicating suppressive function of ARHGAP24 was independent of its RhoGAP activity.Moreover, we identified pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) as a new binding partner of ARHGAP24, which recruited a novel E3 ligase (WWP1) and subsequently promoted PKM2 degradation.WWP1 knockdown significantly reduced the inhibitory function of ARHGAP24, and the C-terminal fragments of ARHGAP24 (amino acids 329 -430 and 631 -748) bound directly to WWP1 and PKM2 (amino acids 388 -531), respectively.Conclusions: Our data indicate that ARHGAP24 may be an independent prognostic indicator for HCC.It is a critical suppressor of HCC that recruits WWP1 for PKM2 degradation.Targeting the ARHGAP24/WWP1/PKM2/β-catenin axis may provide new insights into HCC prevention and treatment.
Immunotherapy in soft tissue and bone sarcoma: unraveling the barriers to effectiveness
Authors: Myrofora Panagi, Pampina Pilavaki, Anastasia Constantinidou, Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
Journal: Theranostics (2022)

Sarcomas are uncommon malignancies of mesenchymal origin that can arise throughout the human lifespan, at any part of the body.Surgery remains the optimal treatment modality whilst response to conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation, is minimal.Immunotherapy has emerged as a novel approach to treat different cancer types but efficacy in soft tissue sarcoma and bone sarcoma is limited to distinct subtypes.Growing evidence shows that cancer-stroma cell interactions and their microenvironment play a key role in the effectiveness of immunotherapy.However, the pathophysiological and immunological properties of the sarcoma tumor microenvironment in relation to immunotherapy advances, has not been broadly reviewed.Here, we provide an up-to-date overview of the different immunotherapy modalities as potential treatments for sarcoma, identify barriers posed by the sarcoma microenvironment to immunotherapy, highlight their relevance for impeding effectiveness, and suggest mechanisms to overcome these barriers.