tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Insulin Maintains Activity While Stored Unrefrigerated
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Who Looks Like a Surgeon?—Evaluating Reflections From a Digital Mirror
Authors: Rebecca Sorber, M. Libby Weaver
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Resection Details, Donor Segment Volume, and Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Colorectal Cancer and Liver Transplant—Reply
Authors: Svein Dueland, Trygve Syversveen, Pål-Dag Line
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Most Young Adults Who Use E-Cigarettes Have Never Smoked
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Trial of the Patient-Centered 2 × 24-Hour Predischarge Opioid Consumption Opioid Prescribing Guideline
Authors: Josh Bleicher, Elizabeth L. Stauder, Jordan E. Johnson, Hyunkyu Ko, Lyen C. Huang
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

This diagnostic/prognostic study evaluates the 2 × 24-hour predischarge opioid consumption guideline for opioid prescribing.
Cardiovascular Health in the Postpartum Period
Authors: Sadiya S. Khan, William A. Grobman, Natalie A. Cameron
Journal: JAMA (2023)

This article in the Women’s Health series discusses recent increases in US maternal death rates, disparities in rates by race and ethnicity, poor cardiovascular health (CVH) as one of the multifactorial causes, and clinical approaches to assessing and treating poor CVH postpartum.
Concerns Regarding Strength of Conclusions in Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Neuroradiological Abnormalities in First-Episode Psychosis—Reply
Authors: Graham Blackman, Matthew J. Kempton, Philip McGuire
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Should people with mental illness be able to commit themselves to future involuntary treatment?
Authors: Tania Gergel, Allen Frances, Arun Chopra, Theo Van Willigenburg
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Self-binding directives, which allow people with mental illness to dictate a compulsory treatment for themselves in the event of a future episode, could give them a degree of control and safety in decision making, say <b>Tania Gergel</b> and <b>Allen Frances</b>. But <b>Arun Chopra</b> and <b>Theo Van Willigenburg</b> argue that this takes advance planning too far and could worsen inequalities
Aetiology of Significant Liver Test Abnormalities in a Single-Centre Cohort of People with Cystic Fibrosis Exposed to Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor, Utilizing the Updated RUCAM
Authors: Daniel Tewkesbury, Andrew M. Jones, Rowland Bright-Thomas, Alyn Cratchley, Karen Piper Hanley, Judith Wyatt, Varinder Athwal, Peter J. Barry
Journal: Drugs (2023)
Generating meaning: active inference and the scope and limits of passive AI
Authors: Giovanni Pezzulo, Thomas Parr, Paul Cisek, Andy Clark, Karl Friston
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2023)

Prominent accounts of sentient behavior depict brains as generative models of organismic interaction with the world, evincing intriguing similarities with current advances in generative artificial intelligence (AI). However, because they contend with the control of purposive, life-sustaining sensorimotor interactions, the generative models of living organisms are inextricably anchored to the body and world. Unlike the passive models learned by generative AI systems, they must capture and control the sensory consequences of action. This allows embodied agents to intervene upon their worlds in ways that constantly put their best models to the test, thus providing a solid bedrock that is – we argue – essential to the development of genuine understanding. We review the resulting implications and consider future directions for generative AI.
Absence of paresthesia during high-rate spinal cord stimulation reveals importance of synchrony for sensations evoked by electrical stimulation
Authors: Boriss Sagalajev, Tianhe Zhang, Nooshin Abdollahi, Noosha Yousefpour, Laura Medlock, Dhekra Al-Basha, Alfredo Ribeiro-da-Silva, Rosana Esteller, Stéphanie Ratté, Steven A. Prescott
Journal: Neuron (2023)
Treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men in primary care using a conservative intervention: cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Marcus J Drake, Jo Worthington, Jessica Frost, Emily Sanderson, Madeleine Cochrane, Nikki Cotterill, Mandy Fader, Lucy McGeagh, Hashim Hashim, Margaret Macaulay, Jonathan Rees, Luke A Robles, Gordon Taylor, Jodi Taylor, Matthew J Ridd, Stephanie J MacNeill, Sian Noble, J Athene Lane
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Abstract Objective To determine whether a standardised and manualised care intervention in men in primary care could achieve superior improvement of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) compared with usual care. Design Cluster randomised controlled trial. Setting 30 National Health Service general practice sites in England. Participants Sites were randomised 1:1 to the intervention and control arms. 1077 men (≥18 years) with bothersome LUTS recruited between June 2018 and August 2019: 524 were assigned to the intervention arm (n=17 sites) and 553 were assigned to the usual care arm (n=13 sites). Intervention Standardised information booklet developed with patient and expert input, providing guidance on conservative and lifestyle interventions for LUTS in men. After assessment of urinary symptoms (manualised element), general practice nurses and healthcare assistants or research nurses directed participants to relevant sections of the manual and provided contact over 12 weeks to assist with adherence. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was patient reported International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) measured 12 months after participants had consented to take part in the study. The target reduction of 2.0 points on which the study was powered reflects the minimal clinically important difference where baseline IPSS is &lt;20. Secondary outcomes were patient reported quality of life, urinary symptoms and perception of LUTS, hospital referrals, and adverse events. The primary intention-to-treat analysis included 887 participants (82% of those recruited) and used a mixed effects multilevel linear regression model adjusted for site level variables used in the randomisation and baseline scores. Results Participants in the intervention arm had a lower mean IPSS at 12 months (adjusted mean difference −1.81 points, 95% confidence interval −2.66 to −0.95) indicating less severe urinary symptoms than those in the usual care arm. LUTS specific quality of life, incontinence, and perception of LUTS also improved more in the intervention arm than usual care arm at 12 months. The proportion of urology referrals (intervention 7.3%, usual care 7.9%) and adverse events (intervention seven events, usual care eight events) were comparable between the arms. Conclusions A standardised and manualised intervention in primary care showed a sustained reduction in LUTS in men at 12 months. The mean difference of −1.81 points (95% confidence interval −0.95 to −2.66) on the IPSS was less than the predefined target reduction of 2.0 points. Trial registration ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN11669964 .
Association of Molecular Subtypes with Pathologic Response, PFS, and OS in a Phase II Study of COXEN with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Seth P. Lerner, David J. McConkey, Catherine M. Tangen, Joshua J. Meeks, Thomas W. Flaig, Xing Hua, Siamak Daneshmand, Ajjai Shivaram Alva, M. Scott Lucia, Dan Theodorescu, Amir Goldkorn, Matthew I. Milowsky, Woonyoung Choi, Rick Bangs, Daniel L. Gustafson, Melissa Plets, Ian M. Thompson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

The Coexpression Extrapolation (COXEN) gene expression model with chemotherapy-specific scores [for methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin, cisplatin (ddMVAC) and gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC)] was developed to identify responders to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). We investigated RNA-based molecular subtypes as additional predictive biomarkers for NAC response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in patients treated in S1314.
Research Accomplishments in Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep: A Retrospective Review
Authors: James P. Kiley, Marishka K. Brown, Michelle Freemer, Sara Lin, Mihaela Stefan, Patricia Noel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

"Research Accomplishments in Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep: A Retrospective Review." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
Tumor Explants Elucidate a Cascade of Paracrine SHH, WNT, and VEGF Signals Driving Pancreatic Cancer Angiosuppression
Authors: Marie C. Hasselluhn, Amanda R. Decker-Farrell, Lukas Vlahos, Dafydd H. Thomas, Alvaro Curiel-Garcia, H. Carlo Maurer, Urszula N. Wasko, Lorenzo Tomassoni, Stephen A. Sastra, Carmine F. Palermo, Tanner C. Dalton, Alice Ma, Fangda Li, Ezequiel J. Tolosa, Hanina Hibshoosh, Martin E. Fernandez-Zapico, Alexander Muir, Andrea Califano, Kenneth P. Olive
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2023)

Abstract The sparse vascularity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presents a mystery: What prevents this aggressive malignancy from undergoing neoangiogenesis to counteract hypoxia and better support growth? An incidental finding from prior work on paracrine communication between malignant PDAC cells and fibroblasts revealed that inhibition of the Hedgehog (HH) pathway partially relieved angiosuppression, increasing tumor vascularity through unknown mechanisms. Initial efforts to study this phenotype were hindered by difficulties replicating the complex interactions of multiple cell types in vitro. Here we identify a cascade of paracrine signals between multiple cell types that act sequentially to suppress angiogenesis in PDAC. Malignant epithelial cells promote HH signaling in fibroblasts, leading to inhibition of noncanonical WNT signaling in fibroblasts and epithelial cells, thereby limiting VEGFR2-dependent activation of endothelial hypersprouting. This cascade was elucidated using human and murine PDAC explant models, which effectively retain the complex cellular interactions of native tumor tissues. Significance: We present a key mechanism of tumor angiosuppression, a process that sculpts the physiologic, cellular, and metabolic environment of PDAC. We further present a computational and experimental framework for the dissection of complex signaling cascades that propagate among multiple cell types in the tissue environment. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 201
Dissecting the autism-associated 16p11.2 locus identifies multiple drivers in neuroanatomical phenotypes and unveils a male-specific role for the major vault protein
Authors: Perrine F. Kretz, Christel Wagner, Anna Mikhaleva, Charlotte Montillot, Sylvain Hugel, Ilaria Morella, Meghna Kannan, Marie-Christine Fischer, Maxence Milhau, Ipek Yalcin, Riccardo Brambilla, Mohammed Selloum, Yann Herault, Alexandre Reymond, Stephan C. Collins, Binnaz Yalcin
Journal: Genome biology (2023)

Abstract Background Using mouse genetic studies and systematic assessments of brain neuroanatomical phenotypes, we set out to identify which of the 30 genes causes brain defects at the autism-associated 16p11.2 locus. Results We show that multiple genes mapping to this region interact to regulate brain anatomy, with female mice exhibiting far fewer brain neuroanatomical phenotypes. In male mice, among the 13 genes associated with neuroanatomical defects ( Mvp , Ppp4c , Zg16 , Taok2 , Slx1b , Maz , Fam57b , Bola2 , Tbx6 , Qprt , Spn , Hirip3 , and Doc2a ), Mvp is the top driver implicated in phenotypes pertaining to brain, cortex, hippocampus, ventricles, and corpus callosum sizes. The major vault protein (MVP), the main component of the vault organelle, is a conserved protein found in eukaryotic cells, yet its function is not understood. Here, we find MVP expression highly specific to the limbic system and show that Mvp regulates neuronal morphology, postnatally and specifically in males. We also recapitulate a previously reported genetic interaction and show that Mvp +/− ;Mapk3 +/− mice exhibit behavioral deficits, notably decreased anxiety-like traits detected in the elevated plus maze and open field paradigms. Conclusions Our study highlights multiple gene drivers in neuroanatomical phenotypes, interacting with each other through complex relationships. It also provides the first evidence for the involvement of the major vault protein in the regulation of brain size and neuroanatomy, specifically in male mice.
LAIR-1 agonism as a therapy for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Rustin R. Lovewell, Junshik Hong, Subhadip Kundu, Carly M. Fielder, Qianni Hu, Kwang Woon Kim, Haley E. Ramsey, Agnieszka E. Gorska, Londa S. Fuller, Linjie Tian, Priyanka Kothari, Ana Paucarmayta, Emily F. Mason, Ingrid Meza, Yanira Manzanarez, Jason Bosiacki, Karla Maloveste, Ngan Mitchell, Emilia A. Barbu, Aaron Morawski, Sebastien Maloveste, Zac Cusumano, Shashank J. Patel, Michael R. Savona, Solomon Langermann, Han Myint, Dallas B. Flies, Tae Kon Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2023)

Effective eradication of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) remains the greatest challenge in treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The immune receptor LAIR-1 has been shown to regulate LSC survival; however, the therapeutic potential of this pathway remains unexplored. We developed a therapeutic LAIR-1 agonist antibody, NC525, that induced cell death of LSCs, but not healthy hematopoietic stem cells in vitro, and killed LSCs and AML blasts in both cell- and patient-derived xenograft models. We showed that LAIR-1 agonism drives a unique apoptotic signaling program in leukemic cells that was enhanced in the presence of collagen. NC525 also significantly improved the activity of azacitidine and venetoclax to establish LAIR-1 targeting as a therapeutic strategy for AML that may synergize with standard-of-care therapies.
Recent advances in lung organoid development and applications in disease modeling
Authors: Ana I. Vazquez-Armendariz, Purushothama Rao Tata
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2023)

Over the last decade, several organoid models have evolved to acquire increasing cellular, structural, and functional complexity. Advanced lung organoid platforms derived from various sources, including adult, fetal, and induced pluripotent stem cells, have now been generated, which more closely mimic the cellular architecture found within the airways and alveoli. In this regard, the establishment of novel protocols with optimized stem cell isolation and culture conditions has given rise to an array of models able to study key cellular and molecular players involved in lung injury and repair. In addition, introduction of other nonepithelial cellular components, such as immune, mesenchymal, and endothelial cells, and employment of novel precision gene editing tools have further broadened the range of applications for these systems by providing a microenvironment and/or phenotype closer to the desired in vivo scenario. Thus, these developments in organoid technology have enhanced our ability to model various aspects of lung biology, including pathogenesis of diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, and infectious disease and host-microbe interactions, in ways that are often difficult to undertake using only in vivo models. In this Review, we summarize the latest developments in lung organoid technology and their applicability for disease modeling and outline their strengths, drawbacks, and potential avenues for future development.
Intratumoral androgen biosynthesis associated with 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 promotes resistance to radiotherapy in prostate cancer
Authors: Shinjini Ganguly, Zaeem Lone, Andrew Muskara, Jarrell Imamura, Aimalie Hardaway, Mona Patel, Mike Berk, Timothy D. Smile, Elai Davicioni, Kevin L. Stephans, Jay Ciezki, Christopher J. Weight, Shilpa Gupta, Chandana A. Reddy, Rahul D. Tendulkar, Abhishek A. Chakraborty, Eric A. Klein, Nima Sharifi, Omar Y. Mian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2023)

Half of all men with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) inherit at least 1 copy of an adrenal-permissive HSD3B1 (1245C) allele, which increases levels of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (3βHSD1) and promotes intracellular androgen biosynthesis. Germline inheritance of the adrenally permissive allele confers worse outcomes in men with advanced PCa. We investigated whether HSD3B1 (1245C) drives resistance to combined androgen deprivation and radiotherapy. Adrenally permissive 3βHSD1 enhanced resistance to radiotherapy in PCa cell lines and xenograft models engineered to mimic the human adrenal/gonadal axis during androgen deprivation. The allele-specific effects on radiosensitivity were dependent on availability of DHEA, the substrate for 3βHSD1. In lines expressing the HSD3B1 (1245C) allele, enhanced expression of DNA damage response (DDR) genes and more rapid DNA double-strand break (DSB) resolution were observed. A correlation between androgen receptor (AR) expression and increased DDR gene expression was confirmed in 680 radical prostatectomy specimens. Treatment with the nonsteroidal antiandrogen enzalutamide reversed the resistant phenotype of HSD3B1 (1245C) PCa in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, 3βHSD1 promotes prostate cancer resistance to combined androgen deprivation and radiotherapy by upregulating DNA DSB repair. This work supports prospective validation of early combined androgen blockade for high-risk men harboring the HSD3B1 (1245C) allele.