tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Australian Women’s Intentions and Psychological Outcomes Related to Breast Density Notification and Information
Authors: Hankiz Dolan, Kirsten McCaffery, Nehmat Houssami, Erin Cvejic, Meagan Brennan, Jolyn Hersch, Melanie Dorrington, Angela Verde, Lisa Vaccaro, Brooke Nickel
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Whether the benefits of notifying women about breast density outweigh the potential harms to inform current and future mammogram screening practice remains unknown. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the effect of mammographic breast density notification and information provision on women's intention to seek supplemental screening and psychological outcomes. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A 3-arm online randomized clinical trial was conducted from August 10 to 31, 2021. Data analysis was conducted from September 1 to October 20, 2021. Participants included Australian residents identifying as female, aged between 40 and 74 years, with no history of breast cancer who were residing in jurisdictions without existing breast density notification with screening mammograms. <h3>Interventions</h3> Women were randomized to receive 1 of the following hypothetical breast screening test result letters: screening mammogram result letter without breast density messaging (control), screening mammogram result letter with breast density messaging and an existing density information letter taken from a screening service in Australia (intervention 1), and screening mammogram result letter with breast density messaging and a health literacy–sensitive version of the letter adapted for people with lower health literacy (intervention 2). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Primary outcomes were intention to seek supplemental screening; feeling anxious (uneasy, worried, or nervous), informed, or confused; and having breast cancer worry. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 1420 Australian women were randomized and included in the final analysis. The largest group consisted of 603 women aged 60 to 74 years (42.5%). Compared with the control cohort (n = 480), women who received density notification via intervention 1 (n = 470) and intervention 2 (n = 470) reported a significantly higher intention to seek supplemental screening (0.8% vs 15.6% and 14.2%;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and feeling anxious (14.2% vs 49.4% and 48.5%;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), confusion (7.8% vs 24.0% and 23.6%;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), and worry about breast cancer (quite/very worried: 6.9% vs 17.2% and 15.5%;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). There were no statistically significant differences in these outcomes between the 2 intervention groups. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this randomized clinical trial, breast density notification and information integrated with screening mammogram results increased women's intention to seek supplemental screening and made women feel anxious, confused, or worried about breast cancer. These findings have relevance and implications for mammogram screening services and policy makers considering whether and, if so, how best to implement widespread notification of breast density as part of mammography screening. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> ACTRN12621000253808
Cancer systems epidemiology: Overcoming misconceptions and integrating systems approaches into cancer research
Authors: Patricia L. Mabry, Nicolaas P. Pronk, Christopher I. Amos, John S. Witte, Patrick T. Wedlock, Sarah M. Bartsch, Bruce Y. Lee
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2022)

Patricia Mabry and coauthors discuss application of systems approaches in cancer research.
Glaucoma Genetic Risk Scores in the Million Veteran Program
Authors: Andrea R. Waksmunski, Tyler G. Kinzy, Lauren A. Cruz, Cari L. Nealon, Christopher W. Halladay, Piana Simpson, Rachael L. Canania, Scott A. Anthony, David P. Roncone, Lea Sawicki Rogers, Jenna N. Leber, Jacquelyn M. Dougherty, Paul B. Greenberg, Jack M. Sullivan, Wen-Chih Wu, Sudha K. Iyengar, Dana C. Crawford, Neal S. Peachey, Jessica N. Cooke Bailey, J. Michael Gaziano, Rachel Ramoni, Jim Breeling, Kyong-Mi Chang, Grant Huang, Sumitra Muralidhar, Christopher J. O’Donnell, Philip S. Tsao, Sumitra Muralidhar, Jennifer Moser, Stacey B. Whitbourne, Jessica V. Brewer, John Concato, Stuart Warren, Dean P. Argyres, Philip S. Tsao, Brady Stephens, Mary T. Brophy, Donald E. Humphries, Nhan Do, Shahpoor Shayan, Xuan-Mai T. Nguyen, Christopher J. O’Donnell, Saiju Pyarajan, Kelly Cho, Saiju Pyarajan, Elizabeth Hauser, Yan Sun, Hongyu Zhao, Peter Wilson, Rachel McArdle, Louis Dellitalia, John Harley, Jeffrey Whittle, Jean Beckham, John Wells, Salvador Gutierrez, Gretchen Gibson, Laurence Kaminsky, Gerardo Villareal, Scott Kinlay, Junzhe Xu, Mark Hamner, Kathlyn Sue Haddock, Sujata Bhushan, Pran Iruvanti, Michael Godschalk, Zuhair Ballas, Malcolm Buford, Stephen Mastorides, Jon Klein, Nora Ratcliffe, Hermes Florez, Alan Swann, Maureen Murdoch, Peruvemba Sriram, Shing Shing Yeh, Ronald Washburn, Darshana Jhala, Samuel Aguayo, David Cohen, Satish Sharma, John Callaghan, Kris Ann Oursler, Mary Whooley, Sunil Ahuja, Amparo Gutierrez, Ronald Schifman, Jennifer Greco, Michael Rauchman, Richard Servatius, Mary Oehlert, Agnes Wallbom, Ronald Fernando, Timothy Morgan, Todd Stapley, Scott Sherman, Gwenevere Anderson, Philip Tsao, Elif Sonel, Edward Boyko, Laurence Meyer, Samir Gupta, Joseph Fayad, Adriana Hung, Jack Lichy, Robin Hurley, Brooks Robey, Robert Striker
Journal: Ophthalmology (2022)
Developmental Pathways Are Epigenetically Reprogrammed during Lung Cancer Brain Metastasis
Authors: Jennifer A. Karlow, Siddhartha Devarakonda, Xiaoyun Xing, Hyo Sik Jang, Ramaswamy Govindan, Mark Watson, Ting Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed and deadliest cancers worldwide, with roughly half of all patients initially presenting with both primary and metastatic disease. While the major events in the metastatic cascade have been identified, a mechanistic understanding of how NSCLC routinely and successfully colonizes the brain is largely unknown. Recent studies have begun demonstrating the role of epigenetic misregulation during tumorigenesis and metastasis, including widespread changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications. To better understand the role of altered DNA methylation in NSCLC metastasis to the brain, we measured DNA methylation during disease progression for 12 patients, globally profiling the methylation status of normal lung, primary lung tumor, and brain metastasis samples. The variation in methylation was similar during metastatic spread and primary tumorigenesis but less coordinated across genomic features during metastasis. The greatest recurrent changes during metastatic progression were methylation gains in DNA methylation valleys (DMV) harboring the constitutive heterochromatin mark H3K9me3 as well as bivalent marks H3K27me3 and H3K4me1. In a lymph node-derived cancer cell line, EZH2 binding within DMVs was lost, accompanied by an increase in DNA methylation, exemplifying epigenetic switching. The vast majority of the differentially methylated region-associated DMVs harbored developmental genes, suggesting that altered epigenetic regulation of developmentally important genes may confer a selective advantage during metastatic progression. The characterization of epigenetic changes during NSCLC brain metastasis identified recurrent methylation patterns that may be prognostic biomarkers and contributors to disease progression.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Manipulative Design in Mobile Applications Used by Children
Authors: Jenny Radesky, Alexis Hiniker, Caroline McLaren, Eliz Akgun, Alexandria Schaller, Heidi M. Weeks, Scott Campbell, Ashley N. Gearhardt
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Manipulative design features (known as dark patterns) are common in video games and adult-directed technologies, but their prevalence in children's interactive media has not been described. <h3>Objectives</h3> To develop a reliable coding scheme for gathering data on manipulative digital designs, describe their prevalence within apps used by a community-based sample of young children, and test hypotheses about associations of manipulative design features with socioeconomic status (SES). <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of parents of children aged 3 to 5 years was conducted online. Eligible parents were legal guardians of a 3-to-5-year-old child, lived with their child at least 5 days per week, understood English, and were part of a family that owned at least 1 Android or iOS tablet or smartphone. For each participant, the 3 apps used for the longest duration by children with their own mobile devices were downloaded, played, and coded. Data were analyzed between April and August 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Child SES, operationalized as parent educational attainment and household income-to-needs ratio. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Researchers assigned each child a prevalence score for manipulative design features (overall, gameplay pressure, purchase pressure, and advertisement viewing pressure) within the apps children played. <h3>Results</h3> Of 160 children in the sample, mean (SD) age was 4.0 (0.6) years; 120 children (75.0%) were non-Hispanic White, and 96 (60.0%) had a parent with a college degree or more. Manipulative designs promoted prolonged gameplay or purchases through 4 user experience typologies: parasocial relationship pressure occurred in 33 (24.8%) and 25 (18.8%) apps with characters; time pressure in 23 (17.3%) and 14 (10.5%) apps; navigation constraints in 61 (45.9%) and 49 (36.8%) apps; and attractive lures in 60 (45.1%) and 61 (45.9%) apps, respectively. Children from households whose parents had lower education levels had higher manipulative design prevalence scores than children whose parents had graduated from college (median [IQR] 3.7 [2.5-5.0] vs 3.0 [2.0-4.0];<i>P</i> = .02), gameplay-prolonging design (2.3 [1.6-3.0] vs 2.0 [1.5-2.8];<i>P</i> = .047), and purchase pressure (1.0 [0.5-1.5] vs 0.6 [0-1.3];<i>P</i> = .02). Purchase pressure prevalence scores were higher for children from households with lower income (<i>R</i> = −0.18;<i>P</i> = .02). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Design features that encourage monetization of children's digital experiences were common in this sample and disproportionately occurred in apps used by children with lower SES.
Genome-wide association study of musical beat synchronization demonstrates high polygenicity
Authors: Maria Niarchou, Daniel E. Gustavson, J. Fah Sathirapongsasuti, Manuel Anglada-Tort, Else Eising, Eamonn Bell, Evonne McArthur, Peter Straub, Stella Aslibekyan, Adam Auton, Robert K. Bell, Katarzyna Bryc, Sarah K. Clark, Sarah L. Elson, Kipper Fletez-Brant, Pierre Fontanillas, Nicholas A. Furlotte, Pooja M. Gandhi, Karl Heilbron, Barry Hicks, Karen E. Huber, Ethan M. Jewett, Yunxuan Jiang, Aaron Kleinman, Keng-Han Lin, Nadia K. Litterman, Jey C. McCreight, Matthew H. McIntyre, Kimberly F. McManus, Joanna L. Mountain, Sahar V. Mozaffari, Priyanka Nandakumar, Elizabeth S. Noblin, Carrie A. M. Northover, Jared O’Connell, Steven J. Pitts, G. David Poznik, Anjali J. Shastri, Janie F. Shelton, Suyash Shringarpure, Chao Tian, Joyce Y. Tung, Robert J. Tunney, Vladimir Vacic, Xin Wang, J. Devin McAuley, John A. Capra, Fredrik Ullén, Nicole Creanza, Miriam A. Mosing, David A. Hinds, Lea K. Davis, Nori Jacoby, Reyna L. Gordon
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2022)

Moving in synchrony to the beat is a fundamental component of musicality. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study to identify common genetic variants associated with beat synchronization in 606,825 individuals. Beat synchronization exhibited a highly polygenic architecture, with 69 loci reaching genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10
Impact of retrograde anastomosis during supermicrosurgical lymphaticovenous anastomosis for cancer-related lower limb lymphedema: A retrospective cohort propensity-score-matched outcome analysis
Authors: Johnson Chia-Shen Yang, Akitatsu Hayashi, Giuseppe Visconti, Shao-Chun Wu, Wei-Che Lin, Pei-Yu Tsai, Peng-Chen Chien, Ching-Hua Hsieh
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2022)

In addition to antegrade anastomosis, retrograde anastomosis has been thought to offer further improvements after lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) by bypassing the retrograde lymphatic flow. However, this concept has yet to be validated. The aim of this study was to determine the impacts on outcomes of performing both retrograde and antegrade anastomosis, as compared to antegrade-only anastomosis for treating lower limb lymphedema.This was a retrospective cohort propensity score-matched study. Eighty-seven patients with gynecologic cancer-related lower limb lymphedema were enrolled, including 58 patients who had received both antegrade and retrograde anastomoses (Group I) and 29 patients who had received antegrade-only anastomoses (Group II) as the control group. LVA was the primary treatment. Patients who had previous LVA, liposuction, or excisional therapy were excluded. Patient characteristics, intraoperative findings, and functional parameters including the ratio of indocyanine green-enhanced and flow-positive lymphatic vessels were recorded. Magnetic resonance volumetry was used for outcome assessments. The primary endpoint was the volume change at 6 months after LVA.After matching, a total of 26 patients have remained in each group. All parameters were matched except that Group I still had significantly more median LVA performed compared to Group II (8 [IQR: 5.3-10.0] vs. 5.5 [4.3-6.0], p = 0.001, respectively). Group II showed more post-LVA improvements at six-month and one-year follow-up compared to Group I but without statistically significant differences.The use of supplementary retrograde anastomoses is discouraged since it may lead to inferior post-LVA outcome compared to antegrade-only anastomoses.
Omics technologies in allergy and asthma research: An <scp>EAACI</scp> position paper
Authors: Urszula Radzikowska, Katja Baerenfaller, José Antonio Cornejo‐Garcia, Cagatay Karaaslan, Elena Barletta, Basak Ezgi Sarac, Damir Zhakparov, Alma Villaseñor, Ibon Eguiluz‐Gracia, Cristobalina Mayorga, Milena Sokolowska, Coral Barbas, Domingo Barber, Markus Ollert, Tomas Chivato, Ioana Agache, Maria M. Escribese
Journal: Allergy (2022)

Allergic diseases and asthma are heterogenous chronic inflammatory conditions with several distinct complex endotypes. Both environmental and genetic factors can influence the development and progression of allergy. Complex pathogenetic pathways observed in allergic disorders present a challenge in patient management and successful targeted treatment strategies. The increasing availability of high-throughput omics technologies, such as genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics allows studying biochemical systems and pathophysiological processes underlying allergic responses. Additionally, omics techniques present clinical applicability by functional identification and validation of biomarkers. Therefore, finding molecules or patterns characteristic for distinct immune-inflammatory endotypes, can subsequently influence its development, progression, and treatment. There is a great potential to further increase the effectiveness of single omics approaches by integrating them with other omics, and nonomics data. Systems biology aims to simultaneously and longitudinally understand multiple layers of a complex and multifactorial disease, such as allergy, or asthma by integrating several, separated data sets and generating a complete molecular profile of the condition. With the use of sophisticated biostatistics and machine learning techniques, these approaches provide in-depth insight into individual biological systems and will allow efficient and customized healthcare approaches, called precision medicine. In this EAACI Position Paper, the Task Force "Omics technologies in allergic research" broadly reviewed current advances and applicability of omics techniques in allergic diseases and asthma research, with a focus on methodology and data analysis, aiming to provide researchers (basic and clinical) with a desk reference in the field. The potential of omics strategies in understanding disease pathophysiology and key tools to reach unmet needs in allergy precision medicine, such as successful patients' stratification, accurate disease prognosis, and prediction of treatment efficacy and successful prevention measures are highlighted.
Error in Affiliation
Authors: Jiun-Yi Hsia
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Jeng-Sen Tseng, MD, PhD; Chun-Ju Chiang, PhD; Kun-Chieh Chen, MD, PhD; Zhe-Rong Zheng, MD; Tsung-Ying Yang, MD, PhD; Wen-Chung Lee, MD, PhD; Kuo-Hsuan Hsu, MD; Yen-Hsiang Huang, MD; Tsang-Wu Liu, MD; Jiun-Yi Hsia, MD, PhD; Gee-Chen Chang, MD, PhD
Differential and subtype-specific neuroimaging abnormalities in amnestic and nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Michael K Yeung, Anson Kwok-Yun Chau, Jason Yin-Chuen Chiu, Jay Tsz-Lok Shek, Jody Po-Yi Leung, Toby Chun-Ho Wong
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2022)
Eosinophils protect against acetaminophen‐induced liver injury through cyclooxygenase‐mediated IL‐4/IL‐13 production
Authors: Long Xu, Yang Yang, Jiali Jiang, Yankai Wen, Jong‐Min Jeong, Christoph Emontzpohl, Constance L. Atkins, Kangho Kim, Elizabeth A. Jacobsen, Hua Wang, Cynthia Ju
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Background and Aims: A better understanding of the underlying mechanism of acetaminophen (APAP)‐induced liver injury (AILI) remains an important endeavor to develop therapeutic approaches. Eosinophils have been detected in liver biopsies of patients with APAP overdose. We recently demonstrated a profound protective role of eosinophils against AILI; however, the molecular mechanism had not been elucidated. Approach and Results: In agreement with our previous data from experiments using genetic deletion of eosinophils, we found that depletion of eosinophils in wild‐type (WT) mice by an anti‐IL‐15 antibody resulted in exacerbated AILI. Moreover, adoptive transfer of eosinophils significantly reduced liver injury and mortality rate in WT mice. Mechanistic studies using eosinophil‐specific IL‐4/IL‐13 knockout mice demonstrated that these cytokines, through inhibiting interferon‐γ, mediated the hepatoprotective function of eosinophils. Reverse phase protein array analyses and in vitro experiments using various inhibitors demonstrated that IL‐33 stimulation of eosinophils activated p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and in turn, cyclooxygenases (COX), which triggered NF‐κB–mediated IL‐4/IL‐13 production. In vivo adoptive transfer experiments showed that in contrast to naive eosinophils, those pretreated with COX inhibitors failed to attenuate AILI. Conclusions: The current study revealed that eosinophil‐derived IL‐4/IL‐13 accounted for the hepatoprotective effect of eosinophils during AILI. The data demonstrated that the p38 MAPK/COX/NF‐κB signaling cascade played a critical role in inducing IL‐4/IL‐13 production by eosinophils in response to IL‐33.
Adolescent Access to Federally Funded Clinics Providing Confidential Family Planning Following Changes to Title X Funding Regulations
Authors: Polina Krass, Vicky Tam, Jungwon Min, Isabella Joslin, Lily Khabie, Tracey A. Wilkinson, Sarah M. Wood
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> In May 2019, new federal regulations regarding Title X funding were introduced. There has been no formal evaluation of the impact of this regulatory shift as it pertains to minors' access to services. <h3>Objective</h3> To explore the geography of federally funded clinics providing confidential reproductive care to adolescents following changes to Title X funding regulations. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This retrospective cross-sectional study used a population-based sample of US Census tracts. All clinics participating in the Title X program in August 2018 and August 2020 were included in the analysis. Data were analyzed from January to December 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Period, defined as before and after the 2019 Title X rule change (August 2018 and August 2020, respectively). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> US Census tracts were evaluated for the availability of confidential family planning care within a 30-minute drive, according to the presence of a Title X clinic or a permissive state law. Census tracts in which minors lost access to confidential care after the rule change were characterized in terms of demographic characteristics. Univariate logistic regression evaluated associations between Census tract characteristics and the odds of losing vs maintaining access to legally protected confidential minor services. <h3>Results</h3> The study included 72 620 Census tracts, accounting for approximately 324 697 728 US residents (99.96% of the population). After the Title X rule change, 1743 clinics in the Title X program left (39.0%) and minors living in 6299 Census tracts (8.7%) lost access to confidential family planning care, corresponding to an estimated 933 649 youth aged 15 to 17 years. Minors living in rural Census tracts (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% CI, 1.18-1.36) and those in the Midwest (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 2.24-2.60) had higher odds of losing access to care. Minors living in Census tracts with a higher Social Vulnerability Index (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.47-0.55), a larger proportion of Black individuals (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.31-0.37), and/or a larger proportion of Hispanic individuals (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.42-0.49) were less likely to lose access to care. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These findings suggest that there were losses in access to legally protected confidential reproductive health services for youth after the 2019 Title X rule change. Although evidence-based Title X guidelines have since been reinstated, state laws that ensure adolescent confidentiality in obtaining family planning services may protect youth from future alterations to the Title X program.
Genipin-crosslinked fibrin seeded with oxidized alginate microbeads as a novel composite biomaterial strategy for intervertebral disc cell therapy
Authors: Christopher J. Panebianco, Sanjna Rao, Warren W. Hom, James H. Meyers, Tiffany Y. Lim, Damien M. Laudier, Andrew C. Hecht, Michael D. Weir, Jennifer R. Weiser, James C. Iatridis
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)