tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-term Outcomes of Childhood Family Income Supplements on Adult Functioning
Authors: William E. Copeland, Guangyu Tong, Lauren Gaydosh, Sherika N. Hill, Jennifer Godwin, Lilly Shanahan, E. Jane Costello
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

During an ongoing longitudinal cohort study, a casino opening created a natural cash transfer experiment. Some participating families received income supplements, and others did not. The children in this study are now adults.To assess the long-term outcomes of family income supplements received in childhood.This community-representative longitudinal cohort study set in western North Carolina assessed 1266 participants aged 9, 11, and 13 years at intake up to 11 times up to age 30 years from January 1993 to December 2015. Data were analyzed from January to December 2021.In 1996, a southeastern American Indian tribe implemented a cash transfer program of approximately $5000 annually per person for tribal members. Participants were compared on whether their family ever received the cash transfers (American Indian vs non-American Indian), the duration of the transfers, and annual amount based on the number of parents.Participants were followed up at ages 25 and 30 years to assess mental health symptoms, substance use symptoms, and functional outcomes (physical health, risky or illegal behaviors, and financial and social functioning).Of 1266 included participants, 320 (25.3%) were American Indian and 581 (49.7%) were female. Participants whose families received cash transfers during childhood reported fewer anxiety symptoms (relative risk [RR], 0.33; 95% CI, 0.25-0.44), depressive symptoms (RR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.42-0.62), and cannabis symptoms (RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27-0.82). They also reported improved physical health (RR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.55-0.80) and financial functioning (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.89) and fewer risky or illegal behaviors (RR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.46-0.72) compared with those who did not receive the cash transfer. This pattern was supported by a series of heterogeneity analyses in which children whose families received the transfers for the longest duration and whose families received the largest transfer (due to having multiple American Indian parents) had the lowest levels of symptoms and the highest levels of functioning.In this natural experiment, a family cash transfer in childhood was associated with positive adult functioning 20 years later. The findings support programs like the child tax credit or universal basic income that provide cash directly to families with children.
Symptomatic Bradycardia—In Reply
Authors: Laszlo Littmann
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
The Value of Knowing That a Patient Has Overdosed
Authors: Mitchell H. Katz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Assessment of Surgeon Factors Associated With Margin Re-excision After Breast-Conserving Surgery
Authors: Jeffery M. Chakedis, Sharon B. Chang, Annie Tang, Gillian E. Kuehner, Alison C. Savitz, Brooke Vuong, Maihgan A. Kavanagh
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

We identified surgeon factors that were associated with lower re-excision rates and cavity shave margins as the most effective technique.We provided practical evidence of the benefits of routine cavity shave margins, which is now a standard practice among breast surgeons at our health system.
Association of SARS-CoV-2 Load in Wastewater With Reported COVID-19 Cases in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Village From July to September 2021
Authors: Masaaki Kitajima, Michio Murakami, Syun-suke Kadoya, Hiroki Ando, Tomohiro Kuroita, Hiroyuki Katayama, Seiya Imoto
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)
Testing Bidirectional, Longitudinal Associations Between Disturbed Sleep and Depressive Symptoms in Children and Adolescents Using Cross-Lagged Models
Authors: Cecilia Marino, Brendan Andrade, Jacques Montplaisir, Dominique Petit, Evelyne Touchette, Hélène Paradis, Sylvana M. Côté, Richard E. Tremblay, Peter Szatmari, Michel Boivin
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Understanding the longitudinal, bidirectional associations between disturbed sleep and depression in childhood and adolescence is crucial for the development of prevention and intervention programs. <h3>Objective</h3> To test for bidirectional associations and cascade processes between disturbed sleep and depressive symptoms covering both childhood and adolescence and to test for the moderating processes of sex and pubertal status in adolescence. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A prospective cohort study using the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD; 1997-ongoing). QLSCD's objective is to identify early childhood factors associated with long-term psychosocial and academic adjustment. Data were collected across 8 waves between ages 5 years (2003) and 17 years (2015). Associations were tested through cross-lagged models in childhood (5, 7, and 8 years), and in adolescence (10, 12, 13, 15, and 17 years). Data were analyzed from February to October 2021. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Primary outcomes were disturbed sleep and depressive symptoms. Disturbed sleep was parent-reported and included sleep duration, time awake in bed, daytime sleepiness, sleep talking, sleepwalking, night terrors, and nightmares. Depressive symptoms were parent-reported in childhood (Child Behavior Checklist and Revised Ontario Child Health Study Scales), and self-reported in adolescence (Mental Health and Social Inadaptation Assessment for Adolescents). <h3>Results</h3> Data on 1689 children (852 female [50.4%]) and 1113 adolescents (595 female [53.5%]) were included in the analyses. In childhood, significant bidirectional associations between depressive symptoms and disturbed sleep at all time points were found, indicating cascade processes (range β = 0.07; 95% CI, 0.02-012 to β = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.10-0.19). In adolescence, significant bidirectional associations from depressive symptoms to disturbed sleep (β = 0.09; 95% CI, 0.04-0.14) and vice versa (β = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.04-0.16) between 10 and 12 years were found. Between 12 and 13 years, depressive symptoms were modestly associated with disturbed sleep (β = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.001-0.10) but the reverse association was not significant. Cross-lagged estimates were nonsignificant after 13 years. The associations did not vary as a function of either sex or puberty-by-sex. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These findings suggest that disturbed sleep is associated with the consolidation of depressive symptoms starting in childhood, which, in turn, is associated with ongoing sleep problems. It is possible that timely and appropriate interventions for incipient disturbed sleep and depression prevent spiraling effects on both domains.
Error in Figure 3
Authors: Laszlo Littmann
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Ashraf Fawzy, MD, MPH; Tianshi David Wu, MD, MHS; Kunbo Wang, MS; Matthew L. Robinson, MD; Jad Farha, MD; Amanda Bradke, MD, MA; Sherita H. Golden, MD, MHS; Yanxun Xu, PhD; Brian T. Garibaldi, MD, MEHP
Oral Abstract Session OAS 1
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Background: Clinicians are seeing a growing number of cashew nut allergic patients.One of the peculiarities of this allergy is that a minimal amount of cashew nut allergen may cause severe allergic reactions, suggesting high potency of the allergen comparable to other tree nuts and peanuts.The double blind placebo controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) test is currently the gold standard to establish cashew nut allergy.The development of predictive tools in diagnosing cashew nut allergy is needed and research should be done on cross-sensitization between cashew nut and other botanically related allergens.Method: A Dutch multicenter, prospective study has been started to generate data for developing a multivariate predictive model for cashew nut allergy.The aim is to include two hundred children (aged 2-17 year) with sensitization to cashew nut.Also, these children have a history of positive reaction to cashew nut or an unknown reaction (because of never ingested).The results of clinical features, skin prick tests (SPT) and specific IgE with birch pollen, cashew nut, pistachio, hazelnut, mango and peanut will be analyzed.The children will also undergo a DBPCFC with cashew nut.Results: So far, 185 patients have been included and 170 analyzed.The mean age of the children was 8.7 year (range 2-17 year).Almost 75% (127) of the children had a positive DBPCFC and 39% reacted on dose 1 (1 mg cashew nut protein).Fifteen per cent of the children had severe reactions during the DBPCFC.Most children had a combination of gastro-intestinal symptoms, skin symptoms, eye and upper airway symptoms.Mean SPT was 3.29 (HEP-index) and mean sIgE cashew was 19.79 (IE/l).One of the promising preliminary findings is that the results of SPT and sIgE seem to have predictive values for the outcome of the DBPCFC with cashew.Ninety-nine per cent of co-sensitization was observed between cashew and pistachio, 74% with hazelnut, 81% with birch pollen, 72% with peanut and 39% with mango.Conclusion: Cashew nuts allergens are highly potent and may cause severe allergic reactions on a low dose.Most seen clinical features were of gastro-intestinal origin.sIgE and SPT results have predictive values for the outcome of the DBPCFC.Extreme high co-sensitization is seen between cashew nut and pistachio of which clinical relevance is unknown.
Decision formation in parietal cortex transcends a fixed frame of reference
Authors: NaYoung So, Michael N. Shadlen
Journal: Neuron (2022)

Neurons in the lateral intraparietal cortex represent the formation of a decision when it is linked to a specific action, such as an eye movement to a choice target. However, these neurons should be unable to represent a decision that transpires across actions that would disrupt this linkage. We investigated this limitation by simultaneously recording many neurons from two rhesus monkeys. Although intervening actions disrupt the representation by single neurons, the ensemble achieves continuity of the decision process by passing information from currently active neurons to neurons that will become active after the action. In this way, the representation of an evolving decision can be generalized across actions and transcends the frame of reference that specifies the neural response fields. The finding extends previous observations of receptive field remapping, thought to support the stability of perception across eye movements, to the continuity of a thought process, such as a decision.
Amino acids, microbiota-related metabolites, and the risk of incident diabetes among normoglycemic Chinese adults: Findings from the 4C study
Authors: Shuangyuan Wang, Mian Li, Hong Lin, Guixia Wang, Yu Xu, Xinjie Zhao, Chunyan Hu, Yi Zhang, Ruizhi Zheng, Ruying Hu, Lixin Shi, Rui Du, Qing Su, Jiqiu Wang, Yuhong Chen, Xuefeng Yu, Li Yan, Tiange Wang, Zhiyun Zhao, Ruixin Liu, Xiaolin Wang, Qi Li, Guijun Qin, Qin Wan, Gang Chen, Min Xu, Meng Dai, Di Zhang, Xulei Tang, Zhengnan Gao, Feixia Shen, Zuojie Luo, Yingfen Qin, Li Chen, Yanan Huo, Qiang Li, Zhen Ye, Yinfei Zhang, Chao Liu, Youmin Wang, Shengli Wu, Tao Yang, Huacong Deng, Jiajun Zhao, Shenghan Lai, Yiming Mu, Lulu Chen, Donghui Li, Guowang Xu, Guang Ning, Weiqing Wang, Yufang Bi, Jieli Lu
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2022)

Although previous studies suggest that amino acids (AAs) and microbiota-related metabolites (MRMs) are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the results remain unclear among normoglycemic populations. We test 28 serum AAs and 22 MRMs in 3,414 subjects with incident diabetes and matched normoglycemic controls from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study. In fully adjusted logistic regression models, per SD increment of branched-chain AAs, aromatic AAs, asparagine, alanine, glutamic acid, homoserine, 2-aminoadipic acid, histidine, methionine, and proline are positively associated with incident T2DM. In the MRM panel, serum carnitines, N-acetyltryptophan, and uric acid are positively associated with incident T2DM. Causal mediation analyses indicate 34 significant causal mediation linkages, with 88.2% through obesity and lipids. Variances explained in the serum metabolites are modestly limited in the comprehensive catalog of risk factor–metabolite–diabetes associations. These findings reveal that systematic AAs and MRMs change profile before T2DM onset and support a potential role of metabolic alterations in the pathogenesis of diabetes.
Diazepam binding inhibitor governs neurogenesis of excitatory and inhibitory neurons during embryonic development via GABA signaling
Authors: Isabelle Everlien, Ting-Yun Yen, Yu-Chao Liu, Barbara Di Marco, Javier Vázquez-Marín, Lázaro Centanin, Julieta Alfonso, Hannah Monyer
Journal: Neuron (2022)
2015 ACR/ARHP Annual Meeting Abstract Supplement
Authors: Jean Jacques Dubost, Bruno Pereira, Anne Tournadre, Zuzana Tatar, Marion Couderc, Martin Soubrier
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

For a searchable version of these abstracts, please visit www.acrabstracts.org. Please Note: It may take several minutes for this file to download.
The performance of using dried blood spot specimens for HIV-1 viral load testing: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lara Vojnov, Sergio Carmona, Clement Zeh, Jessica Markby, Debrah Boeras, Marta R. Prescott, Anthony L. H. Mayne, Souleymane Sawadogo, Christiane Adje-Toure, Guoqing Zhang, Mercedes Perez Gonzalez, Wendy S. Stevens, Meg Doherty, Chunfu Yang, Heather Alexander, Trevor F. Peter, John Nkengasong
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2022)

Accurate routine HIV viral load testing is essential for assessing the efficacy of antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens and the emergence of drug resistance. While the use of plasma specimens is the standard for viral load testing, its use is restricted by the limited ambient temperature stability of viral load biomarkers in whole blood and plasma during storage and transportation and the limited cold chain available between many health care facilities in resource-limited settings. Alternative specimen types and technologies, such as dried blood spots, may address these issues and increase access to viral load testing; however, their technical performance is unclear. To address this, we conducted a meta-analysis comparing viral load results from paired dried blood spot and plasma specimens analyzed with commonly used viral load testing technologies.Standard databases, conferences, and gray literature were searched in 2013 and 2018. Nearly all studies identified (60) were conducted between 2007 and 2018. Data from 40 of the 60 studies were included in the meta-analysis, which accounted for a total of 10,871 paired dried blood spot:plasma data points. We used random effects models to determine the bias, accuracy, precision, and misclassification for each viral load technology and to account for between-study variation. Dried blood spot specimens produced consistently higher mean viral loads across all technologies when compared to plasma specimens. However, when used to identify treatment failure, each technology compared best to plasma at a threshold of 1,000 copies/ml, the present World Health Organization recommended treatment failure threshold. Some heterogeneity existed between technologies; however, 5 technologies had a sensitivity greater than 95%. Furthermore, 5 technologies had a specificity greater than 85% yet 2 technologies had a specificity less than 60% using a treatment failure threshold of 1,000 copies/ml. The study's main limitation was the direct applicability of findings as nearly all studies to date used dried blood spot samples prepared in laboratories using precision pipetting that resulted in consistent input volumes.This analysis provides evidence to support the implementation and scale-up of dried blood spot specimens for viral load testing using the same 1,000 copies/ml treatment failure threshold as used with plasma specimens. This may support improved access to viral load testing in resource-limited settings lacking the required infrastructure and cold chain storage for testing with plasma specimens.
Contemporary outcomes in <scp><i>IDH</i></scp>‐mutated acute myeloid leukemia: The impact of co‐occurring <scp><i>NPM1</i></scp> mutations and venetoclax‐based treatment
Authors: Curtis A. Lachowiez, Patrick K. Reville, Hagop Kantarjian, Elias Jabbour, Gautam Borthakur, Naval Daver, Ghayas Issa, Ken Furudate, Tomoyuki Tanaka, Sherry Pierce, Guilin Tang, Keyur P. Patel, Jeffrey Medeiros, Hussein A. Abbas, Fadi Haddad, Daniel Hammond, Nicholas J. Short, Abhishek Maiti, Musa Yilmaz, Koji Sasaki, Koichi Takahashi, Naveen Pemmaraju, Marina Konopleva, Guillermo Garcia‐Manero, Farhad Ravandi, Tapan M. Kadia, Sanam Loghavi, Courtney D. DiNardo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2022)

Abstract Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2 ( IDH1 or IDH2 ) mutations occur frequently in newly diagnosed (ND) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) often with co‐occurring NPM1 mutations, which may influence treatment outcomes. Detailed analysis of IDH ‐mutated AML treated with venetoclax and influence of co‐occurring NPM1 mutations remains unclear. This retrospective single‐center cohort study evaluated clinical and molecular demographics,response and survival, and impact of co‐occurring NPM1 mutations in patients with IDH1 or IDH2 ‐mutated AML. 556 patients with IDH1 , IDH2 , and/or NPM1 mutated AML were included. Patients with IDH1 mut AML ( N = 119) were more likely to have older age, sAML, ELN‐adverse risk disease, and adverse‐risk cytogenetics compared to those with IDH2 mut ( N = 229) or IDH wt /NPM1 mut AML ( N = 208). In multivariate analysis, patients with IDH2 mut (HR 0.61 [95%CI: 0.43–0.88], p value: .007) or IDH wt /NPM1 mut (HR 0.65 [95% CI: 0.45–0.94], p value: .024) AML had a decreased risk of death versus IDH1 mut AML. Venetoclax‐based lower‐intensity regimens partially abrogated the detrimental effect of IDH1 mut with similar OS observed between IDH1 mut /NPM1 wt , IDH2 mut /NPM1 wt , and IDH wt /NPM1 mut AML. With regards to the influence of IDH mut /NPM1 mut cases, IC improved survival in IDH2 mut /NPM1 mut versus IDH2 mut /NPM1 wt AML (HR: 0.54 [95% CI: 0.2644–1.082], p value: .077), while venetoclax‐based therapy improved survival in IDH1 mut /NPM1 mut versus IDH1 mut /NPM1 wt AML (HR: 0.094 [95% CI: 0.01–0.74], p value: .0056). Differing outcomes were observed in IDH1 mut versus IDH2 mut or NPM1 mut AML which were influenced by co‐occurring NPM1 mutations and partially abrogated with venetoclax‐based therapy. Given the differing biology and survival in IDH1 mut AML, investigations incorporating molecularly targeted therapies such as IDH inhibitors remain warranted in this subgroup.
Lipid nanoparticle-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and metabolic engineering for anticancer immunotherapy
Authors: Hyemin Ju, Dongyoon Kim, Yu-Kyoung Oh
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2022)

Metabolic engineering of the tumor microenvironment has emerged as a new strategy. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is a prominent target for metabolic engineering. Here, we designed a cationic lipid nanoparticle formulation for LDHA gene editing. The plasmid DNA delivery efficiency of our lipid nanoparticle formulations was screened by testing the fluorescence of lipid nanoparticles complexed to plasmid DNA encoding green fluorescence protein (GFP). The delivery efficiency was affected by the ratios of three components: a cationic lipid, cholesterol or its derivative, and a fusogenic lipid. The lipid nanoparticle designated formulation F3 was complexed to plasmid DNA co-encoding CRISPR-associated protein 9 and LDHA-specific sgRNA, yielding the lipoplex, pCas9-sgLDHA/F3. The lipoplex including GFP-encoding plasmid DNA provided gene editing in HeLa-GFP cells. Treatment of B16F10 tumor cells with pCas9-sgLDHA/F3 yielded editing of the LDHA gene and increased the pH of the culture medium. pCas9-sgLDHA/F3 treatment activated the interferon-gamma and granzyme production of T cells in culture. In vivo, combining pCas9-sgLDHA/F3 with immune checkpoint-inhibiting anti-PD-L1 antibody provided a synergistic antitumor effect and prolonged the survival of tumor model mice. This study suggests that combining metabolic engineering of the tumor microenvironment with immune checkpoint inhibition could be a valuable antitumor strategy.
A survey of catheter tracking concepts and methodologies
Authors: Ardit Ramadani, Mai Bui, Thomas Wendler, Heribert Schunkert, Peter Ewert, Nassir Navab
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2022)

Catheter tracking has become an integral part of interventional radiology. Over the last decades, researchers have significantly contributed to theoretical and technical catheter tracking solutions. However, most of the published work thus far focuses on a single application or a single tracking technology. This paper provides an exhaustive review of the state-of-the-art for catheter tracking in general by analyzing significant contributions in this field. We first present a historical overview that led to catheter tracking and continue with a survey of leading tracking technologies. These include image-based tracking, active and passive tracking, electromagnetic tracking, fiber optic shape sensing, bioelectric navigation, robotic tracking solutions, and hybrid tracking. As for imaging modalities, the focus is on x-ray based modalities, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, we review each tracking technology with respect to the imaging modality and establish the relation between the two and the underlying anatomy of interest.