tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chemo, 7 Years Later
Authors: Ashley Shew
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Opioid Use Disorder Treatment for Patients Who Are Incarcerated
Authors: Lien-Chung Wei
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Low-level inflammation, immunity, and brain-gut axis in IBS: unraveling the complex relationships
Authors: Yi Yuan, Xiyang Wang, Shun Huang, Hao Wang, Guoming Shen
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

Irritable bowel syndrome is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder, and it has been shown that the etiology of irritable bowel syndrome is a multifactorial complex of neurological, inflammatory, and immunological changes. There is growing evidence of low-grade chronic inflammation in irritable bowel patients. The peripheral action response of their intestinal immune factors is integrated into the central nervous system, while the microbiota interacts with the brain-gut axis contributing to the development of low-grade chronic inflammation. The objective of this review is to present a discussion about the impact of immune-brain-gut axis-inflammation interactions on irritable bowel syndrome, its clinical relevance in the course of irritable bowel syndrome disease, and possible therapeutic modalities.
Deciphering the Pathways to PARP Sensitivity in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Erica S. Tsang, Steven Gallinger
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

Summary A recent article analyzed paired cell-free DNA among patients with platinum-sensitive BRCA- or PALB2-mutated pancreatic cancer who received maintenance olaparib. Reversion mutations were linked with worse outcomes. These types of paired correlative studies are needed to improve our understanding of drug resistance and guide future clinical trials. See related article by Brown et al., p. 5207
Neutrophils resist ferroptosis and promote breast cancer metastasis through aconitate decarboxylase 1
Authors: Yun Zhao, Zhongshun Liu, Guoqiang Liu, Yuting Zhang, Sheng Liu, Dailin Gan, Wennan Chang, Xiaoxia Peng, Eun Suh Sung, Keegan Gilbert, Yini Zhu, Xuechun Wang, Ziyu Zeng, Hope Baldwin, Guanzhu Ren, Jessica Weaver, Anna Huron, Toni Mayberry, Qingfei Wang, Yujue Wang, Maria Elena Diaz-Rubio, Xiaoyang Su, M. Sharon Stack, Siyuan Zhang, Xuemin Lu, Ryan D. Sheldon, Jun Li, Chi Zhang, Jun Wan, Xin Lu
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2023)
Prevalence of heavy menstrual bleeding and associations with physical health and wellbeing in low-income and middle-income countries: a multinational cross-sectional study
Authors: Sheela S Sinharoy, Lyzberthe Chery, Madeleine Patrick, Amelia Conrad, Anupama Ramaswamy, Aparna Stephen, Jenala Chipungu, Y Malini Reddy, Rinchen Doma, Sant-Rayn Pasricha, Tanvir Ahmed, Chibwe Beatrice Chiwala, Niladri Chakraborti, Bethany A Caruso
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2023)

<h2>Summary</h2><h3>Background</h3> Data on the prevalence of heavy menstrual bleeding in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are scarce. We aimed to assess the validity of a scale to measure heavy menstrual bleeding and calculate its prevalence in southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, and to examine associations between heavy menstrual bleeding and health outcomes. <h3>Methods</h3> Between Aug 2, 2021 and June 14, 2022, we surveyed 6626 women across ten cities (Meherpur and Saidpur, Bangladesh; Warangal, Narsapur, and Tiruchirappalli, India; Kathmandu, Nepal; Dakar, Senegal; Nairobi, Kenya; Kampala, Uganda; and Lusaka, Zambia), including questions on demographics, health, and the SAMANTA scale, a six-item measure of heavy menstrual bleeding. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis to assess construct validity of the SAMANTA scale, calculated the prevalence of heavy menstrual bleeding, and used regression analyses to examine associations of heavy menstrual bleeding with health outcomes. <h3>Findings</h3> 4828 women were included in the final analytic sample. Factor analysis indicated a one-factor model representing heavy menstrual bleeding. In the pooled analytic sample, 2344 (48·6%) of 4828 women were classified as experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding, and the prevalence was lowest in Dakar (126 [38·3%] of 329 women) and Kampala (158 [38·4%] of 411 women) and highest in Kathmandu (326 [77·6%] of 420 women). Experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding was significantly associated with feeling tired or short of breath during the menstrual period (risk ratio 4·12 (95% CI 3·45 to 4·94) and reporting worse self-rated physical health (adjusted odds ratio 1·27, 95% CI 1·08 to 1·51), but was not associated with subjective wellbeing (β –3·34, 95% CI –7·04 to 0·37). <h3>Interpretation</h3> Heavy menstrual bleeding is highly prevalent and adversely impacts quality of life in women across LMIC settings. Further attention is urgently needed to understand determinants and identify and implement solutions to this problem. <h3>Funding</h3> Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, United States Agency for International Development, National Institutes of Health.
Control of Cell Death in Health and Disease
Authors: Nobuhiko Kayagaki, Joshua D. Webster, Kim Newton
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2023)

Apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis are genetically programmed cell death mechanisms that eliminate obsolete, damaged, infected, and self-reactive cells. Apoptosis fragments cells in a manner that limits immune cell activation, whereas the lytic death programs of necroptosis and pyroptosis release proinflammatory intracellular contents. Apoptosis fine-tunes tissue architecture during mammalian development, promotes tissue homeostasis, and is crucial for averting cancer and autoimmunity. All three cell death mechanisms are deployed to thwart the spread of pathogens. Disabling regulators of cell death signaling in mice has revealed how excessive cell death can fuel acute or chronic inflammation. Here we review strategies for modulating cell death in the context of disease. For example, BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax, an inducer of apoptosis, is approved for the treatment of certain hematologic malignancies. By contrast, inhibition of RIPK1, NLRP3, GSDMD, or NINJ1 to limit proinflammatory cell death and/or the release of large proinflammatory molecules from dying cells may benefit patients with inflammatory diseases.
Wayfinding across ocean and tundra: what traditional cultures teach us about navigation
Authors: Pablo Fernandez-Velasco, Hugo J. Spiers
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2023)

Research on human navigation by psychologists and neuroscientists has come mainly from a limited range of environments and participants inhabiting western countries. By contrast, numerous anthropological accounts illustrate the diverse ways in which cultures adapt to their surrounding environment to navigate. Here, we provide an overview of these studies and relate them to cognitive science research. The diversity of cues in traditional navigation is much higher and multimodal compared with navigation experiments in the laboratory. It typically involves an integrated system of methods, drawing on a detailed understanding of the environmental cues, specific tools, and forms part of a broader cultural system. We highlight recent methodological developments for measuring navigation skill and modelling behaviour that will aid future research into how culture and environment shape human navigation.
Anthracycline Toxicity: Light at the End of the Tunnel?
Authors: Romina B. Cejas, Kateryna Petrykey, Yadav Sapkota, Paul W. Burridge
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2023)

Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) is a serious and common side effect of anthracycline therapy. Identification of genes and genetic variants associated with AIC risk has clinical potential as a cardiotoxicity predictive tool and to allow the development of personalized therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of the function of known AIC genes identified by association studies and categorize them based on their mechanistic implication in AIC. We also discuss the importance of functional validation of AIC-associated variants in human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) to advance the implementation of genetic predictive biomarkers. Finally, we review how patient-specific hiPSC-CMs can be used to identify novel patient-relevant functional targets and for the discovery of cardioprotectant drugs to prevent AIC. Implementation of functional validation and use of hiPSC-CMs for drug discovery will identify the next generation of highly effective and personalized cardioprotectants and accelerate the inclusion of approved AIC biomarkers into clinical practice.
Antiepileptic Drugs as Potential Dementia Prophylactics Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Laszlo F. Locskai, Hadeel Alyenbaawi, W. Ted Allison
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2023)

Seizures and other forms of neurovolatility are emerging as druggable prodromal mechanisms that link traumatic brain injury (TBI) to the progression of later dementias. TBI neurotrauma has both acute and long-term impacts on health, and TBI is a leading risk factor for dementias, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy and Alzheimer's disease. Treatment of TBI already considers acute management of posttraumatic seizures and epilepsy, and impressive efforts have optimized regimens of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) toward that goal. Here we consider that expanding these management strategies could determine which AED regimens best prevent dementia progression in TBI patients. Challenges with this prophylactic strategy include the potential consequences of prolonged AED treatment and that a large subset of patients are refractory to available AEDs. Addressing these challenges is warranted because the management of seizure activity following TBI offers a rare opportunity to prevent the onset or progression of devastating dementias.
Gene-Environment Interactions: My Unique Journey
Authors: Daniel W. Nebert
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2023)

I am deeply honored to be invited to write this scientific autobiography. As a physician-scientist, pediatrician, molecular biologist, and geneticist, I have authored/coauthored more than 600 publications in the fields of clinical medicine, biochemistry, biophysics, pharmacology, drug metabolism, toxicology, molecular biology, cancer, standardized gene nomenclature, developmental toxicology and teratogenesis, mouse genetics, human genetics, and evolutionary genomics. Looking back, I think my career can be divided into four distinct research areas, which I summarize mostly chronologically in this article: ( a) discovery and characterization of the AHR/CYP1 axis, ( b) pharmacogenomics and genetic prediction of response to drugs and other environmental toxicants, ( c) standardized drug-metabolizing gene nomenclature based on evolutionary divergence, and ( d) discovery and characterization of the SLC39A8 gene encoding the ZIP8 metal cation influx transporter. Collectively, all four topics embrace gene-environment interactions, hence the title of my autobiography.
Peeking Into the Black Box of T Cell Receptor Signaling
Authors: Arthur Weiss
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2023)

I have spent more than the last 40 years at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), studying T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. I was blessed with supportive mentors, an exceptionally talented group of trainees, and wonderful collaborators and colleagues during my journey who have enabled me to make significant contributions to our understanding of how the TCR initiates signaling. TCR signaling events contribute to T cell development as well as to mature T cell activation and differentiation.
International Validation of the Immunoscore Biopsy in Patients With Rectal Cancer Managed by a Watch-and-Wait Strategy
Authors: Carine El Sissy, Amos Kirilovsky, Christine Lagorce Pagès, Florence Marliot, Petra A. Custers, Edina Dizdarevic, Marine Sroussi, Mireia Castillo-Martin, Nacilla Haicheur, Mohamed Dermani, Nicolas Loche, Bénedicte Buttard, Ana Maria Musina, Maria Gabriela Anitei, José G. van den Berg, Annegien Broeks, Soledad Iseas, Mariana Coraglio, Fernando Sanchez Loria, Alfredo Romero, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Aurélien de Reyniès, Laura M. Fernandez, Mehdi Karoui, David Tougeron, Carlos A. Vaccaro, Juan P. Santino, Laurids Østergaard Poulsen, Jan Lindebjerg, Juan Manuel O'Connor, Viorel Scripcariu, Mihail-Gabriel Dimofte, Jean-Pierre Gérard, Myriam Chalabi, Nuno Figueiredo, Rodrigo O. Perez, Angelita Habr-Gama, Jérôme Galon, Torben Frøstrup Hansen, Lars Henrik Jensen, Geerard Beets, Guy Zeitoun, Franck Pagès
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

PURPOSE No biomarker capable of improving selection and monitoring of patients with rectal cancer managed by watch-and-wait (W&amp;W) strategy is currently available. Prognostic performance of the Immunoscore biopsy (IS B ) was recently suggested in a preliminary study. METHODS This international validation study included 249 patients with clinical complete response (cCR) managed by W&amp;W strategy. Intratumoral CD3+ and CD8+ T cells were quantified on pretreatment rectal biopsies by digital pathology and converted to IS B . The primary end point was time to recurrence (TTR; the time from the end of neoadjuvant treatment to the date of local regrowth or distant metastasis). Associations between IS B and outcomes were analyzed by stratified Cox regression adjusted for confounders. Immune status of tumor-draining lymph nodes (n = 161) of 17 additional patients treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery was investigated by 3'RNA-Seq and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Recurrence-free rates at 5 years were 91.3% (82.4%-100.0%), 62.5% (53.2%-73.3%), and 53.1% (42.4%-66.5%) with IS B High, IS B Intermediate, and IS B Low, respectively (hazard ratio [HR; Low v High], 6.51; 95% CI, 1.99 to 21.28; log-rank P = .0004). IS B was also significantly associated with disease-free survival (log-rank P = .0002), and predicted both local regrowth and distant metastasis. In multivariate analysis, IS B was independent of patient age, sex, tumor location, cT stage (T, primary tumor; c, clinical), cN stage (N, regional lymph node; c, clinical), and was the strongest predictor for TTR (HR [IS B High v Low], 6.93; 95% CI, 2.08 to 23.15; P = .0017). The addition of IS B to a clinical-based model significantly improved the prediction of recurrence. Finally, B-cell proliferation and memory in draining lymph nodes was evidenced in the draining lymph nodes of patients with cCR. CONCLUSION The IS B is validated as a biomarker to predict both local regrowth and distant metastasis, with a gradual scaling of the risk of pejorative outcome.
Clonal Somatic Mutations in Chronic Lung Diseases Are Associated with Reduced Lung Function
Authors: Jeong H. Yun, M. A. Wasay Khan, Auyon Ghosh, Brian D. Hobbs, Peter J. Castaldi, Craig P. Hersh, Peter G. Miller, Carlyne D. Cool, Frank Sciurba, Lucas Barwick, Andrew H. Limper, Kevin Flaherty, Gerard J. Criner, Kevin Brown, Robert Wise, Fernando Martinez, Edwin K. Silverman, Dawn DeMeo, Michael H. Cho, Alexander G. Bick
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

Constantly exposed to the external environment and mutagens such as tobacco smoke, human lungs have one of the highest somatic mutation rates among all human organs. However, the relationship of these mutations to lung disease and function is not known.
Redefining the Position of Hormonal Therapy in Endometrial Cancer in the Era of Molecular Classification
Authors: Johanna M.A. Pijnenborg, Willem Jan van Weelden, Casper Reijnen, Sofia Xanthoulea, Andrea Romano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

In the setting of advanced and recurrent EC, recent reviews and meta-analyses confirmed a response to progestin treatment of 30% in unselected patients. 23,27,28However, these studies also emphasized that the efficacy of HT is higher in selected subgroups of patients with hormone receptor-positive tumors.In these patient groups, HT can be as effective as chemotherapy, which is especially relevant in patients with advanced and recurrent EC who often ACCOMPANYING CONTENT Appendix
Pediatric leukemia and maternal occupational exposure to anticancer drugs: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Shunsuke Yamamoto, Masafumi Sanefuji, Maya Suzuki, Yuri Sonoda, Norio Hamada, Wakako Kato, Hiroaki Ono, Utako Oba, Kentaro Nakashima, Masayuki Ochiai, Koichi Kusuhara, Yuhki Koga, Shouichi Ohga
Journal: Blood (2023)
“Bull’s-eye” Sign and Its Longitudinal Change on High-Resolution Computed Tomography in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis
Authors: Yasutaka Mochizuka, Noriyuki Enomoto, Akahori Daisuke, Yusuke Inoue, Hideki Yasui, Hironao Hozumi, Yuzo Suzuki, Masato Karayama, Kazuki Furuhashi, Mineo Katsumata, Dai Hashimoto, Shiro Imokawa, Tomoyuki Fujisawa, Naoki Inui, Yutaro Nakamura, Kazuhiro Tabata, Takeshi Johkoh, Takafumi Suda
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

"“Bull’s-Eye” Sign and Its Longitudinal Change on HRCT in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
Injectable Bioactive Antioxidative One‐Component Polycitrate Hydrogel with Anti‐Inflammatory Effects for Osteoarthritis Alleviation and Cartilage Protection
Authors: Min Wang, Sihua Li, Liuyang Zhang, Jing Tian, Junping Ma, Bo Lei, Peng Xu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Chronic inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA) can destroy the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), causing cartilage damage and further exacerbating the inflammation. Effective regulation of the inflammatory microenvironment has important clinical significance for OA alleviation and cartilage protection. Polycitrate‐based polymers have good antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory abilities but cannot self‐polymerize to form hydrogels. Herein, a one‐component multifunctional polycitrate‐based (PCCGA) hydrogel for OA alleviation and cartilage protection is reported. The PCCGA hydrogel is prepared using only the PCCGA polymer by self‐polymerization and exhibits multifunctional properties such as injectability, adhesion, controllable pore size and elasticity, self‐healing ability, and photoluminescence. Moreover, the PCCGA hydrogel exhibits good biocompatibility, biodegradability, antioxidation by scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species, and anti‐inflammatory ability by downregulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and promoting the proliferation and migration of stem cells. In vivo results from an OA rat model show that the PCCGA hydrogel can effectively alleviate OA and protect the cartilage by restoring uniform articular surface and cartilage ECM levels, as well as inhibiting cartilage resorption and matrix metalloproteinase‐13 levels. These results indicate that the PCCGA hydrogel, as a novel bioactive material, is an effective strategy for OA treatment and has broad application prospects in inflammation‐related biomedicine.
Safety of colchicine and NSAID prophylaxis when initiating urate-lowering therapy for gout: propensity score-matched cohort studies in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Edward Roddy, Ram Bajpai, Harry Forrester, Richard James Partington, Christian D Mallen, Lorna Elise Clarson, Nishita Padmanabhan, Rebecca Whittle, Sara Muller
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2023)

To determine the risk of adverse events associated with colchicine or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) prophylaxis when initiating allopurinol for gout.We conducted two matched retrospective cohort studies in linked UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics datasets. Adults initiating allopurinol for gout with (1) colchicine or (2) NSAID prophylaxis were compared with those initiating without prophylaxis, individually matched by age, sex and propensity to receive the relevant prophylaxis. Weighted Cox proportional hazards models investigated associations between colchicine/NSAID and specified adverse events.13 945 individuals prescribed colchicine were matched to 13 945 with no prophylaxis and 25 980 prescribed NSAID to 25 980 with no prophylaxis. Adverse event incidence rates were <200/10 000 patient-years except diarrhoea (784.4; 95% CI 694.0 to 886.5) and nausea (208.1; 95% CI 165.4 to 261.7) for colchicine and angina for NSAID (466.6; 95% CI 417.2 to 521.8). Diarrhoea (HR 2.22; 95% CI 1.83 to 2.69), myocardial infarction (MI) (1.55; 95% CI 1.10, 2.17), neuropathy (4.75; 95% CI 1.20 to 18.76), myalgia (2.64; 95% CI 1.45 to 4.81), bone marrow suppression (3.29; 95% CI 1.43 to 7.58) and any adverse event (1.91, 95% CI 1.65 to 2.20) were more common with colchicine than no prophylaxis, but not nausea/vomiting (1.34; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.85). Angina (1.60; 95% CI 1.37 to 1.86), acute kidney injury (1.56; 95% CI 1.20 to 2.03), MI (1.89; 95% CI 1.44 to 2.48), peptic ulcer disease (1.67; 95% CI 1.14 to 2.44) and any adverse event (1.63; 95% CI 1.44 to 1.85) were more common with NSAID than without.Adverse events were more common when allopurinol was initiated with prophylaxis, particularly diarrhoea with colchicine. Other events were uncommon, providing reassurance for patients and clinicians to enable shared decision-making.