tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aspirin Versus Clopidogrel for Long-Term Maintenance Monotherapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The HOST-EXAM Extended Study
Authors: Jeehoon Kang, Kyung Woo Park, Huijin Lee, Doyeon Hwang, Han-Mo Yang, Seung-Woon Rha, Jang-Whan Bae, Nam Ho Lee, Seung-Ho Hur, Jung-Kyu Han, Eun-Seok Shin, Bon-Kwon Koo, Hyo-Soo Kim
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Long-term outcomes of antiplatelet monotherapy in patients who receive percutaneous coronary intervention are unknown. The HOST-EXAM (Harmonizing Optimal Strategy for Treatment of Coronary Artery Stenosis-Extended Antiplatelet Monotherapy) Extended study reports the posttrial follow-up results of the original HOST-EXAM trial.From March 2014 through May 2018, 5438 patients who maintained dual antiplatelet therapy without clinical events for 12±6 months after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive clopidogrel (75 mg once daily) or aspirin (100 mg once daily). The primary end point (a composite of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, readmission attributable to acute coronary syndrome, and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 3 or greater bleeding), secondary thrombotic end point (cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, readmission attributable to acute coronary syndrome, and definite or probable stent thrombosis), and bleeding end point (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 2 or greater bleeding) were analyzed during the extended follow-up period. Analysis was performed on the per-protocol population (2431 patients in the clopidogrel group and 2286 patients in the aspirin group).During a median follow-up of 5.8 years (interquartile range, 4.8-6.2 years), the primary end point occurred in 12.8% and 16.9% in the clopidogrel and aspirin groups, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.63-0.86]; P<0.001). The clopidogrel group had a lower risk for the secondary thrombotic end point (7.9% versus 11.9%; hazard ratio, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.55-0.79]; P<0.001) and secondary bleeding end point (4.5% versus 6.1%; hazard ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.57-0.94]; P=0.016). There was no significant difference in the incidence of all-cause death between the 2 groups (6.2% versus 6.0%; hazard ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.82-1.31]; P=0.742). Landmark analysis at 2 years showed that the beneficial effect of clopidogrel was consistent throughout the follow-up period.During an extended follow-up of >5 years after randomization, clopidogrel monotherapy compared with aspirin monotherapy was associated with lower rates of the composite net clinical outcome in patients without clinical events for 12±6 months after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents.URL: https://www.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02044250.
Self‐Assembled Integrative Nutrient Carrier Platform Containing Green Tea Catechin for Short Bowel Syndrome Treatment
Authors: Zhengming Zhou, Ke Li, Lei Shi, Yunfeng Wang, Yunxiang He, Wen Hu, Junling Guo
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Extensive resection of the small intestine leads to the development of short bowel syndrome (SBS), which reduces the effective absorptive surface area of the intestine and predisposes patients to emaciation, malnutrition, and other severe symptoms. Herein, green tea catechin (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and ferrous ions (Fe2+ ) are utilized to construct a nutrient carrier platform that self-assembles with nutrients to form phenolic-based nutrient complexes (PNCs). PNCs effectively prolong the residence and absorption time of nutrients in the intestine. Further this platform is applied to integrate full nutrient formula, an enteral nutrition (EN) preparation containing a range of full nutrient components. In an SBS rat model, the prepared phenolic-based integrative nutrient complexes (PINCs) enhance nutritional status, improve anemia and immune function, as well as facilitate the growth of remaining intestinal villi and crypts, and maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier. In addition, PINCs enable the modulation of gut microbial dysbiosis, enrich the abundance of beneficial bacteria, and have no toxic effects after the long-term ingestion. These results provide a proof of principle for the use of polyphenol-based nanocomplexes as EN preparation, offering a feasible strategy for both nutritional support and therapeutic perspectives for SBS treatment.
High-risk Therapeutic Devices Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for Use in Children and Adolescents From 2016 to 2021
Authors: Kavya Pathak, Claire Narang, Thomas J. Hwang, Juan C. Espinoza, Florence T. Bourgeois
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

This cohort study examines the characteristics of high-risk therapeutic devices approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in children and adolescents between 2016 and 2021.
Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction treated with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist or sacubitril/valsartan
Authors: Mingming Yang, Jawad H. Butt, Toru Kondo, Karola S. Jering, Kieran F. Docherty, Pardeep S. Jhund, Rudolf A. de Boer, Brian L. Claggett, Akshay S. Desai, Adrian F. Hernandez, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Carolyn S.P. Lam, Anna Maria Langkilde, Felipe A. Martinez, Magnus Petersson, Sanjiv J. Shah, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Ulrica Wilderäng, Scott D. Solomon, John J.V. McMurray
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2022)

ABSTRACT Aims The effects of adding a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor to a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) or an angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) in patients with heart failure (HF) and mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are uncertain, even though the use of all three drugs is recommended in recent guidelines. Methods and results The efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin added to background MRA or ARNI therapy was examined in patients with HFmrEF/HFpEF enrolled in the DELIVER trial. The primary outcome was the composite of worsening HF or cardiovascular death. Of 6263 patients, 2667 (42.6%) were treated with an MRA and 301 (4.8%) with an ARNI at baseline. Patients taking either were younger, more often men and had lower systolic blood pressure and ejection fraction; they were also more likely to have prior HF hospitalization. The benefit of dapagliflozin was similar whether patients were receiving these therapies. The hazard ratio for the effect of dapagliflozin compared to placebo on the primary outcome was 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–1.01) for MRA non‐users versus 0.76 (95% CI 0.64–0.91) for MRA users ( p interaction = 0.30). The corresponding values for ARNI non‐users and users were 0.82 (95% CI 0.73–0.92) and 0.74 (95% CI 0.45–1.22), respectively ( p interaction = 0.75). None of the adverse events examined was more common with dapagliflozin compared to placebo overall or in the MRA and ARNI subgroups. Conclusions The efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin were similar, regardless of background treatment with an MRA or ARNI. SGLT2 inhibitors may be added to other treatments recommended in recent guidelines for HFmrEF/HFpEF.
Sex Differences in Characteristics, Outcomes, and Treatment Response With Dapagliflozin Across the Range of Ejection Fraction in Patients With Heart Failure: Insights From DAPA-HF and DELIVER
Authors: Xiaowen Wang, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Brian L. Claggett, Sheila M. Hegde, Maria Pabon, Ian J. Kulac, Orly Vardeny, Eileen O’Meara, Shelley Zieroth, Tzvetana Katova, Martina M. McGrath, Anne-Catherine Pouleur, Pardeep S. Jhund, Akshay S. Desai, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Rudolf A. de Boer, Lars Kober, Marc S. Sabatine, Felipe A. Martinez, Piotr Ponikowski, Sanjiv J. Shah, Adrian F. Hernandez, Anna Maria Langkilde, John J.V. McMurray, Scott D. Solomon, Carolyn S.P. Lam
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have emerged as a key pharmacotherapy in heart failure (HF) with both reduced and preserved ejection fraction. The benefit of other HF therapies may be modified by sex, but whether sex modifies the treatment effect and safety profile of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors remains unclear. Our analyses aim to assess the effect of sex on the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin.In a prespecified patient-level pooled analysis of DAPA-HF (Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure) and DELIVER (Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the Lives of Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure), clinical outcomes were compared by sex (including the composite of cardiovascular death or worsening HF events, cardiovascular death, all-cause death, total events [first and recurrent HF hospitalization and cardiovascular death], and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores) across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction.Of a total of 11 007 randomized patients, 3856 (35%) were women. Women with HF were older and had higher body mass index but were less likely to have a history of diabetes and myocardial infarction or stroke and more likely to have hypertension and atrial fibrillation compared with men. At baseline, women had higher ejection fraction but worse Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores than men did. After adjustment for baseline differences, women were less likely than men to experience cardiovascular death (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.60-0.79]), all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.62-0.78]), HF hospitalizations (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.72-0.94]), and total events (adjusted rate ratio, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.71-0.84]). Dapagliflozin reduced the primary end point in both men and women similarly (Pinteraction=0.77) with no sex-related differences in secondary outcomes (all Pinteraction>0.35) or safety events. The benefit of dapagliflozin was observed across the entire ejection fraction spectrum and was not modified by sex (Pinteraction>0.40). There were no sex-related differences in serious adverse events, adverse events, or drug discontinuation attributable to adverse events.In DAPA-HF and DELIVER, the response to dapagliflozin was similar between men and women. Sex did not modify the treatment effect of dapagliflozin across the range of ejection fraction.
Progression of Atrial Fibrillation after Cryoablation or Drug Therapy
Authors: Jason G. Andrade, Marc W. Deyell, Laurent Macle, George A. Wells, Matthew Bennett, Vidal Essebag, Jean Champagne, Jean-Francois Roux, Derek Yung, Allan Skanes, Yaariv Khaykin, Carlos Morillo, Umjeet Jolly, Paul Novak, Evan Lockwood, Guy Amit, Paul Angaran, John Sapp, Stephan Wardell, Sandra Lauck, Julia Cadrin-Tourigny, Simon Kochhäuser, Atul Verma
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

Atrial fibrillation is a chronic, progressive disorder, and persistent forms of atrial fibrillation are associated with increased risks of thromboembolism and heart failure. Catheter ablation as initial therapy may modify the pathogenic mechanism of atrial fibrillation and alter progression to persistent atrial fibrillation.
Wireless, Soft Sensors of Skin Hydration with Designs Optimized for Rapid, Accurate Diagnostics of Dermatological Health
Authors: Jaeho Shin, Heling Wang, Kyeongha Kwon, Diana Ostojich, Zach Christiansen, Jaime Berkovich, Yoonseok Park, Zhengwei Li, Geumbee Lee, Rania Nasif, Ted S. Chung, Chun‐Ju Su, Jaeman Lim, Hitoki Kubota, Akihiko Ikoma, Yi‐An Lu, Derrick H. Lin, Shuai Xu, Anthony Banks, Jan‐Kai Chang, John A. Rogers
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Accurate measurements of skin hydration are of great interest to dermatological science and clinical practice. This parameter serves as a relevant surrogate of skin barrier function, a key representative benchmark for overall skin health. The skin hydration sensor (SHS) is a soft, skin-interfaced wireless system that exploits a thermal measurement method, as an alternative to conventional impedance-based hand-held probes. This study presents multiple strategies for maximizing the sensitivity and reliability of this previously reported SHS platform. An in-depth analysis of the thermal physics of the measurement process serves as the basis for structural optimizations of the electronics and the interface to the skin. Additional engineering advances eliminate variabilities associated with manual use of the device and with protocols for the measurement. The cumulative effect is an improvement in sensitivity by 135% and in repeatability by 36% over previously reported results. Pilot trials on more than 200 patients in a dermatology clinic validate the practical utility of the sensor for fast, reliable measurements.
Empagliflozin in Black Versus White Patients With Heart Failure: Analysis of EMPEROR-Pooled
Authors: Subodh Verma, Nitish K. Dhingra, Javed Butler, Stefan D. Anker, João Pedro Ferreira, Gerasimos Filippatos, James L. Januzzi, Carolyn S.P. Lam, Naveed Sattar, Egon Pfarr, Matias Nordaby, Martina Brueckmann, Stuart J. Pocock, Faiez Zannad, Milton Packer
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Figure. Summary of major of White and Black patients
Small Interfering RNA to Reduce Lipoprotein(a) in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Michelle L. O’Donoghue, Robert S. Rosenson, Baris Gencer, J. Antonio G. López, Norman E. Lepor, Seth J. Baum, Elmer Stout, Daniel Gaudet, Beat Knusel, Julia F. Kuder, Xinhui Ran, Sabina A. Murphy, Huei Wang, You Wu, Helina Kassahun, Marc S. Sabatine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

Lipoprotein(a) is a presumed risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Olpasiran is a small interfering RNA that reduces lipoprotein(a) synthesis in the liver.
Perimeter and carvacrol-loading regulate angiogenesis and biofilm growth in 3D printed PLA scaffolds
Authors: Xián Farto-Vaamonde, Luis Diaz-Gomez, Ana Parga, Ana Otero, Angel Concheiro, Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2022)

Carvacrol is a natural low-cost compound derived from oregano which presents anti-bacterial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this work, carvacrol-loaded PLA scaffolds were fabricated by 3D printing as platforms to support bone tissue regeneration while preventing biofilm development. Scaffolds were printed with or without a perimeter (lateral wall) mimicking the cortical structure of bone tissue to further evaluate if the lateral interconnectivity could affect the biological or antimicrobial properties of the scaffolds. Carvacrol incorporation was performed by loading either the PLA filament prior to 3D printing or the already printed PLA scaffold. The loading method determined carvacrol localization in the scaffolds and its release profile. Biphasic profiles were recorded in all cases, but scaffolds loaded post-printed released carvacrol much faster, with 50-80% released in the first day, compared to those containing carvacrol in PLA filament before printing which sustained the release for several weeks. The presence or absence of the perimeter did not affect the release rate, but total amount released. Tissue integration and vascularization of carvacrol-loaded scaffolds were evaluated in a chorioallantoic membrane model (CAM) using a novel quantitative micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis approach. The obtained results confirmed the CAM tissue ingrowth and new vessel formation within the porous structure of the scaffolds after 7 days of incubation, without leading to hemorrhagic or cytotoxic effects. The absence of lateral wall facilitated lateral integration of the scaffolds in the host tissue, although increased the anisotropy of the mechanical properties. Scaffolds loaded with carvacrol post-printing showed antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as observed in a decrease in CFU counting after biofilm detachment, changes in metabolic heat measured by calorimetry, and increased contact killing efficiency. In summary, this work demonstrated the feasibility of tuning carvacrol release rate and the amount released from PLA scaffolds to achieve antibiofilm protection without altering angiogenesis, which was mostly dependent on the perimeter density of the scaffolds.
Comparison of Face-to-Face vs Digital Delivery of an Osteoarthritis Treatment Program for Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Therese Jönsson, Andrea Dell’Isola, L. Stefan Lohmander, Philippe Wagner, Anna Cronström
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance Digital care platforms have been introduced, but there is limited evidence for their efficacy compared with traditional face-to-face treatment modalities. Objective To compare mean pain reduction among individuals with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee or hip who underwent face-to-face vs digital first-line intervention. Design, Setting, and Participants This registry-based cohort study included all persons with knee or hip osteoarthritis who participated in structured first-line treatment for osteoarthritis in a primary care setting in Sweden. Inclusion criteria were as follows: the treatment was delivered face-to-face or digitally between April 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019; patients provided 3-month follow-up data for pain; and patients had program adherence of at least 80%. Data analysis was conducted in March 2021. Exposures Participants completed a 3-month intervention, including education and exercise for hip or knee osteoarthritis, with program adherence of 80% or higher, delivered face-to-face or by a digital application. Main Outcomes and Measures Difference in change in joint pain (11-point numeric rating scale, with 0 indicating no pain and 10, the worst possible pain) between baseline and 3-month follow-up between the 2 intervention modalities. A minimal clinically important difference in pain change between groups was predefined as 1 point. Secondary outcomes were walking difficulties, health-related quality of life, willingness to undergo joint surgery, and fear avoidance behavior. Results A total of 6946 participants (mean [SD] age, 67 [9] years; 4952 [71%] women; 4424 [64%] knee OA; 2504 [36%] hip OA) were included, with 4237 (61%) receiving face-to-face treatment and 2709 (39%) receiving digital treatment. Both the face-to-face (mean change, −1.10 [95% CI −1.17 to −1.02] points) and digital interventions (mean change, −1.87 [95% CI, −1.94 to −1.79] points) resulted in a clinically important pain reduction at 3 months. Participants in the digitally delivered intervention experienced a larger estimated improvement at 3 months (adjusted mean difference, −0.93 [95% CI, −1.04 to −0.81] points). Results of secondary outcomes were broadly consistent with main outcome. Conclusions and Relevance This Swedish national registry-based cohort study showed that people with knee or hip OA participating in first-line intervention experienced clinically relevant improvements in pain, whether delivered face-to-face or digitally. The increased benefit of digital delivery compared with face-to-face delivery was of uncertain clinical importance.
Ensuring Progress Toward Racial Equity in Pulse Oximetry—Reply
Authors: Eric Raphael Gottlieb, Jennifer Ziegler, Barret Rush
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

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Association between oral health markers and decline in muscle strength and physical performance in later life: longitudinal analyses of two prospective cohorts from the UK and the USA
Authors: Rachel Kimble, Gillian McLellan, Lucy T Lennon, Anna Olia Papacosta, Robert J Weyant, Yvonne Kapila, John C Mathers, Sasiwarang Goya Wannamethee, Peter H Whincup, Sheena E Ramsay
Journal: The Lancet Healthy Longevity (2022)
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on diabetes services: planning for a global recovery
Authors: Kamlesh Khunti, Vanita R Aroda, Pablo Aschner, Juliana C N Chan, Stefano Del Prato, Clare E Hambling, Stewart Harris, Roberta Lamptey, Martin McKee, Nikhil Tandon, Jonathan Valabhji, Samuel Seidu
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2022)
Relative cost-effectiveness of long-acting injectable cabotegravir versus oral pre-exposure prophylaxis in South Africa based on the HPTN 083 and HPTN 084 trials: a modelled economic evaluation and threshold analysis
Authors: Lise Jamieson, Leigh F Johnson, Brooke E Nichols, Sinead Delany-Moretlwe, Mina C Hosseinipour, Colin Russell, Gesine Meyer-Rath
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2022)
Associations of improvement in laboratory tests with clinical outcomes in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus: a multinational longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Kathryn Connelly, Rangi Kandane-Rathnayake, Alberta Hoi, Worawit Louthrenoo, Laniyati Hamijoyo, Jiacai Cho, Aisha Lateef, Shue Fen Luo, Yeong-Jian J Wu, Zhanguo Li, Sandra Navarra, Leonid Zamora, Sargunan Sockalingam, Yanjie Hao, Zhuoli Zhang, Yasuhiro Katsumata, Masayoshi Harigai, Shereen Oon, Madelynn Chan, Yi-Hsing Chen, Sang-Cheol Bae, Sean O'Neill, Fiona Goldblatt, Jun Kikuchi, Tsutomu Takeuchi, Kristine Pek Ling Ng, Nicola Tugnet, B M D B Basnayake, Naoaki Ohkubo, Yoshiya Tanaka, Chak Sing Lau, Mandana Nikpour, Vera Golder, Eric F Morand
Journal: The Lancet Rheumatology (2022)
Immunological signature in human cases of monkeypox infection in 2022 outbreak: an observational study
Authors: Chiara Agrati, Andrea Cossarizza, Valentina Mazzotta, Germana Grassi, Rita Casetti, Sara De Biasi, Carmela Pinnetti, Simona Gili, Annalisa Mondi, Flavia Cristofanelli, Domenico Lo Tartaro, Stefania Notari, Gaetano Maffongelli, Roberta Gagliardini, Lara Gibellini, Camilla Aguglia, Simone Lanini, Alessandra D'Abramo, Giulia Matusali, Carla Fontana, Emanuele Nicastri, Fabrizio Maggi, Enrico Girardi, Francesco Vaia, Andrea Antinori
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2022)
Resistin impairs mitochondrial homeostasis via cyclase-associated protein 1-mediated fission, leading to obesity-induced metabolic diseases
Authors: Han-Mo Yang, Joonoh Kim, Dasom Shin, Ju-Young Kim, Jihye You, Hyun-Chae Lee, Hyun-Duk Jang, Hyo-Soo Kim
Journal: Metabolism (2022)