tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Retracing our steps: A review on autism research in children, its limitation and impending pharmacological interventions
Authors: Salam Salloum-Asfar, Nasser Zawia, Sara A. Abdulla
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2023)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by three core impairments: impaired communication, impaired reciprocal social interaction, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotypical behavior patterns. Spectrum refers to the heterogeneity of presentation, severity of symptoms, and medical comorbidities associated with ASD. Among the most common underlying medical conditions are attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, depression, epilepsy, digestive disorders, metabolic disorders, and immune disorders. At present, in the absence of an objective and accurate diagnosis of ASD, such as a blood test, pharmacological management remains a challenge. There are no approved medications to treat the core symptoms of the disorder and behavioral interventions are typically used as first line treatment. Additionally, psychotropic drugs with different mechanisms of action have been approved to reduce associated symptoms and comorbidities, including aripiprazole, risperidone, and haloperidol for irritability and aggression, methylphenidate, atomoxetine, clonidine, and guanfacine for ADHD, and melatonin for sleep disturbances. The purpose of this review is to emphasize that it is imperative to develop objective, personalized diagnostic kits in order to tailor and individualize treatment strategies, as well as to describe the current pharmacological management options available in clinical practice and new prospects that may be helpful in managing ASD's core symptoms.
Disability-Adjusted Life Years Resulting from Ocular Injury among Deployed Service Members, 2001–2020
Authors: Mark D. Travor, Emily S. Levine, Andrew J. Catomeris, Boonkit Purt, William G. Gensheimer, Grant A. Justin, Jennifer D. Trevino, Juanita A. Haagsma, Marcus H. Colyer, Amanda M. Staudt
Journal: Ophthalmology (2023)
Author Correction: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is associated with glymphatic transport reduction and time-delayed solute drainage along the neck arteries
Authors: Xinan Chen, Xiaodan Liu, Sunil Koundal, Rena Elkin, Xiaoyue Zhu, Brittany Monte, Feng Xu, Feng Dai, Maysam Pedram, Hedok Lee, Jonathan Kipnis, Allen Tannenbaum, William E. Van Nostrand, Helene Benveniste
Journal: Nature Aging (2023)
Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalisation in adults (≥ 20 years) during Alpha- and Delta-dominant circulation: I-MOVE-COVID-19 and VEBIS SARI VE networks, Europe, 2021
Authors: Angela MC Rose, Nathalie Nicolay, Virginia Sandonis Martín, Clara Mazagatos, Goranka Petrović, F Annabel Niessen, Ausenda Machado, Odile Launay, Sarah Denayer, Lucie Seyler, Joaquin Baruch, Cristina Burgui, Isabela I Loghin, Lisa Domegan, Roberta Vaikutytė, Petr Husa, George Panagiotakopoulos, Nassera Aouali, Ralf Dürrwald, Jennifer Howard, Francisco Pozo, Bartolomé Sastre-Palou, Diana Nonković, Mirjam J Knol, Irina Kislaya, Liem binh Luong Nguyen, Nathalie Bossuyt, Thomas Demuyser, Aušra Džiugytė, Iván Martínez-Baz, Corneliu Popescu, Róisín Duffy, Monika Kuliešė, Lenka Součková, Stella Michelaki, Marc Simon, Janine Reiche, María Teresa Otero-Barrós, Zvjezdana Lovrić Makarić, Patricia CJL Bruijning-Verhagen, Verónica Gomez, Zineb Lesieur, Cyril Barbezange, Els Van Nedervelde, Maria-Louise Borg, Jesús Castilla, Mihaela Lazar, Joan O’Donnell, Indrė Jonikaitė, Regina Demlová, Marina Amerali, Gil Wirtz, Kristin Tolksdorf, Marta Valenciano, Sabrina Bacci, Esther Kissling
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

Introduction Two large multicentre European hospital networks have estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 since 2021. Aim We aimed to measure VE against PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalised severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) patients ≥ 20 years, combining data from these networks during Alpha (March–June)- and Delta (June–December)-dominant periods, 2021. Methods Forty-six participating hospitals across 14 countries follow a similar generic protocol using the test-negative case–control design. We defined complete primary series vaccination (PSV) as two doses of a two-dose or one of a single-dose vaccine ≥ 14 days before onset. Results We included 1,087 cases (538 controls) and 1,669 cases (1,442 controls) in the Alpha- and Delta-dominant periods, respectively. During the Alpha period, VE against hospitalisation with SARS-CoV2 for complete Comirnaty PSV was 85% (95% CI: 69–92) overall and 75% (95% CI: 42–90) in those aged ≥ 80 years. During the Delta period, among SARI patients ≥ 20 years with symptom onset ≥ 150 days from last PSV dose, VE for complete Comirnaty PSV was 54% (95% CI: 18–74). Among those receiving Comirnaty PSV and mRNA booster (any product) ≥ 150 days after last PSV dose, VE was 91% (95% CI: 57–98). In time-since-vaccination analysis, complete all-product PSV VE was &gt; 90% in those with their last dose &lt; 90 days before onset; ≥ 70% in those 90–179 days before onset. Conclusions Our results from this EU multi-country hospital setting showed that VE for complete PSV alone was higher in the Alpha- than the Delta-dominant period, and addition of a first booster dose during the latter period increased VE to over 90%.
Foodborne botulism outbreak involving different nationalities during the Rugby World Cup: critical role of credit card data and rapid international cooperation, France, September 2023
Authors: Laure Meurice, Laurent Filleul, Aurélie Fischer, Annie Burbaud, Gauthier Delvallez, Laure Diancourt, Sophie Belichon, Benjamin Clouzeau, Denis Malvy, Magali Oliva-Labadie, Coralie Bragança, Hendrik Wilking, Rafaela Franca, Greg Martin, Gauri Godbole, Mathieu Tourdjman, Nathalie Jourdan-Da Silva
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

In September 2023, a severe outbreak of type B botulism with fifteen cases was linked to consumption of canned sardines at a restaurant in Bordeaux, France, during the Rugby World Cup. The cases were from seven countries. One death was recorded. Outbreak investigation using credit card data, rapid communication between health authorities of the affected countries and broad media communication allowed identification of cases and exposed persons and prevented further severe outcomes.
Effectiveness of bivalent COVID-19 boosters against COVID-19 mortality in people aged 65 years and older, Australia, November 2022 to May 2023
Authors: Bette Liu, Sandrine Stepien, Ketaki Sharma, Kristine Macartney
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

We followed 4,081,257 Australian adults aged ≥ 65 years between November 2022 and May 2023 for COVID-19-specific mortality, when recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages (predominantly XB and XBB) as well as BA.2.75 were circulating. Compared with a COVID-19 booster targeting ancestral SARS-CoV-2 given &gt; 180 days earlier, the relative vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 death of a bivalent (ancestral/BA.1 or ancestral/BA.4-5) booster given 8 to 90 days earlier was 66.0% (95%CI: 57.6 to 72.2%) and that of a monovalent ancestral booster given 8 to 90 days earlier was 44.7% (95%CI: 23.9 to 59.7%).
Retraction Note: NOX4-dependent fatty acid oxidation promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages
Authors: Jong-Seok Moon, Kiichi Nakahira, Kuei-Pin Chung, Gina M. DeNicola, Michael Jakun Koo, Maria A. Pabón, Kristen T. Rooney, Joo-Heon Yoon, Stefan W. Ryter, Heather Stout-Delgado, Augustine M. K. Choi
Journal: Nature Medicine (2023)
Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalisation in adults (≥ 20 years) during Omicron-dominant circulation: I-MOVE-COVID-19 and VEBIS SARI VE networks, Europe, 2021 to 2022
Authors: Angela MC Rose, Nathalie Nicolay, Virginia Sandonis Martín, Clara Mazagatos, Goranka Petrović, Joaquin Baruch, Sarah Denayer, Lucie Seyler, Lisa Domegan, Odile Launay, Ausenda Machado, Cristina Burgui, Roberta Vaikutyte, F Annabel Niessen, Isabela I Loghin, Petr Husa, Nassera Aouali, George Panagiotakopoulos, Kristin Tolksdorf, Judit Krisztina Horváth, Jennifer Howard, Francisco Pozo, Virtudes Gallardo, Diana Nonković, Aušra Džiugytė, Nathalie Bossuyt, Thomas Demuyser, Róisín Duffy, Liem binh Luong Nguyen, Irina Kislaya, Iván Martínez-Baz, Giedre Gefenaite, Mirjam J Knol, Corneliu Popescu, Lenka Součková, Marc Simon, Stella Michelaki, Janine Reiche, Annamária Ferenczi, Concepción Delgado-Sanz, Zvjezdana Lovrić Makarić, John Paul Cauchi, Cyril Barbezange, Els Van Nedervelde, Joan O’Donnell, Christine Durier, Raquel Guiomar, Jesús Castilla, Indrė Jonikaite, Patricia CJL Bruijning-Verhagen, Mihaela Lazar, Regina Demlová, Gil Wirtz, Marina Amerali, Ralf Dürrwald, Mihály Pál Kunstár, Esther Kissling, Sabrina Bacci, Marta Valenciano
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

Introduction The I-MOVE-COVID-19 and VEBIS hospital networks have been measuring COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in participating European countries since early 2021. Aim We aimed to measure VE against PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in patients ≥ 20 years hospitalised with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) from December 2021 to July 2022 (Omicron-dominant period). Methods In both networks, 46 hospitals (13 countries) follow a similar test-negative case–control protocol. We defined complete primary series vaccination (PSV) and first booster dose vaccination as last dose of either vaccine received ≥ 14 days before symptom onset (stratifying first booster into received &lt; 150 and ≥ 150 days after last PSV dose). We measured VE overall, by vaccine category/product, age group and time since first mRNA booster dose, adjusting by site as a fixed effect, and by swab date, age, sex, and presence/absence of at least one commonly collected chronic condition. Results We included 2,779 cases and 2,362 controls. The VE of all vaccine products combined against hospitalisation for laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 was 43% (95% CI: 29–54) for complete PSV (with last dose received ≥ 150 days before onset), while it was 59% (95% CI: 51–66) after addition of one booster dose. The VE was 85% (95% CI: 78–89), 70% (95% CI: 61–77) and 36% (95% CI: 17–51) for those with onset 14–59 days, 60–119 days and 120–179 days after booster vaccination, respectively. Conclusions Our results suggest that, during the Omicron period, observed VE against SARI hospitalisation improved with first mRNA booster dose, particularly for those having symptom onset &lt; 120 days after first booster dose.
Structure-based design and optimization lead to the identification of novel dihydrothiopyrano[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives as potent HIV-1 inhibitors against drug-resistant variants
Authors: Zhao Wang, Heng Zhang, Zhen Gao, Zihao Sang, Erik De Clercq, Christophe Pannecouque, Dongwei Kang, Peng Zhan, Xinyong Liu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2023)

With our continuous endeavors in seeking potent anti-HIV-1 agents, we reported here the discovery, biological characterization, and druggability evaluation of a class of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. To fully explore the chemical space of the NNRTI-binding pocket, novel series of dihydrothiopyrano [3,2-
Plasma metabolite predictors of metabolic syndrome incidence and reversion
Authors: Zhila Semnani-Azad, Estefanía Toledo, Nancy Babio, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Clemens Wittenbecher, Cristina Razquin, Fenglei Wang, Courtney Dennis, Amy Deik, Clary B. Clish, Dolores Corella, Montserrat Fitó, Ramon Estruch, Fernando Arós, Emilio Ros, Jesús García-Gavilan, Liming Liang, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Miguel A. Martínez-González, Frank B. Hu, Marta Guasch-Ferré
Journal: Metabolism (2023)
Spatiotemporal cellular dynamics and molecular regulation of tooth root ontogeny
Authors: Pengcheng Rao, Junjun jing, Yi Fan, Chenchen Zhou
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2023)

Tooth root development involves intricate spatiotemporal cellular dynamics and molecular regulation. The initiation of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) induces odontoblast differentiation and the subsequent radicular dentin deposition. Precisely controlled signaling pathways modulate the behaviors of HERS and the fates of dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs). Disruptions in these pathways lead to defects in root development, such as shortened roots and furcation abnormalities. Advances in dental stem cells, biomaterials, and bioprinting show immense promise for bioengineered tooth root regeneration. However, replicating the developmental intricacies of odontogenesis has not been resolved in clinical treatment and remains a major challenge in this field. Ongoing research focusing on the mechanisms of root development, advanced biomaterials, and manufacturing techniques will enable next-generation biological root regeneration that restores the physiological structure and function of the tooth root. This review summarizes recent discoveries in the underlying mechanisms governing root ontogeny and discusses some recent key findings in developing of new biologically based dental therapies.
Acute expression of human APOBEC3B in mice results in RNA editing and lethality
Authors: Alicia Alonso de la Vega, Nuri Alpay Temiz, Rafail Tasakis, Kalman Somogyi, Lorena Salgueiro, Eleni Zimmer, Maria Ramos, Alberto Diaz-Jimenez, Sara Chocarro, Mirian Fernández-Vaquero, Bojana Stefanovska, Eli Reuveni, Uri Ben-David, Albrecht Stenzinger, Tanja Poth, Mathias Heikenwälder, Nina Papavasiliou, Reuben S. Harris, Rocio Sotillo
Journal: Genome biology (2023)

Abstract Background RNA editing has been described as promoting genetic heterogeneity, leading to the development of multiple disorders, including cancer. The cytosine deaminase APOBEC3B is implicated in tumor evolution through DNA mutation, but whether it also functions as an RNA editing enzyme has not been studied. Results Here, we engineer a novel doxycycline-inducible mouse model of human APOBEC3B-overexpression to understand the impact of this enzyme in tissue homeostasis and address a potential role in C-to-U RNA editing. Elevated and sustained levels of APOBEC3B lead to rapid alteration of cellular fitness, major organ dysfunction, and ultimately lethality in mice. Importantly, RNA-sequencing of mouse tissues expressing high levels of APOBEC3B identifies frequent UCC-to-UUC RNA editing events that are not evident in the corresponding genomic DNA. Conclusions This work identifies, for the first time, a new deaminase-dependent function for APOBEC3B in RNA editing and presents a preclinical tool to help understand the emerging role of APOBEC3B as a driver of carcinogenesis.
Disease activity and health‐related quality of life among patients with rheumatoid arthritis with different alcohol consumption habits: comment on the article by Alfredsson et al
Authors: Haojie Xu, Jun Li
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2023)

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Metastable epialleles in humans
Authors: Maria Derakhshan, Noah J. Kessler, Garrett Hellenthal, Matt J. Silver
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2023)

First identified in isogenic mice, metastable epialleles (MEs) are loci where the extent of DNA methylation (DNAm) is variable between individuals but correlates across tissues derived from different germ layers within a given individual. This property, termed systemic interindividual variation (SIV), is attributed to stochastic methylation establishment before germ layer differentiation. Evidence suggests that some putative human MEs are sensitive to environmental exposures in early development. In this review we introduce key concepts pertaining to human MEs, describe methods used to identify MEs in humans, and review their genomic features. We also highlight studies linking DNAm at putative human MEs to early environmental exposures and postnatal (including disease) phenotypes.
Genomic DNA-based measurable residual disease monitoring in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: unselected consecutive cohort study
Authors: Marketa Zaliova, Jan Zuna, Lucie Winkowska, Iveta Janotova, Justina Skorepova, Julius Lukes, Claus Meyer, Rolf Marschalek, Zbynek Novak, Jiri Domansky, Jan Stary, Lucie Sramkova, Jan Trka
Journal: Leukemia (2023)

Measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is used to assess response to treatment and for early detection of imminent relapse. In childhood AML, MRD is typically evaluated using flow cytometry, or by quantitative detection of leukemia-specific aberrations at the mRNA level. Both methods, however, have significant limitations. Recently, we demonstrated the feasibility of MRD monitoring in selected subgroups of AML at the genomic DNA (gDNA) level. To evaluate the potential of gDNA-based MRD monitoring across all AML subtypes, we conducted a comprehensive analysis involving 133 consecutively diagnosed children. Integrating next-generation sequencing into the diagnostic process, we identified (presumed) primary genetic aberrations suitable as MRD targets in 97% of patients. We developed patient-specific quantification assays and monitored MRD in 122 children. The gDNA-based MRD monitoring via quantification of primary aberrations with a sensitivity of at least 10
Programmed Death Ligand 1–Expressing Macrophages and Their Protective Role in the Joint During Arthritis
Authors: Megan Kay Wood, Abdel Daoud, Monica Vladut Talor, Hannah Maryam Kalinoski, David Matthew Hughes, Camille Marie Jaime, Jody Elizabeth Hooper, Taejoon Won, Daniela Čiháková
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2023)

Objective Arthritis associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies highlights the importance of immune checkpoint expression for joint homeostasis. We investigated the role of programmed death ligand (PD‐L) 1 in the synovium using a collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. Methods We blocked PD‐L1 using blocking antibodies during CIA and assessed the arthritis severity by clinical and histologic scoring. PD‐L1 expression and the origin of synovial macrophages were investigated using flow cytometry and parabiosis. We used Cre‐Lox mice to ascertain the protective role of PD‐L1–expressing macrophages in arthritis. The immune profile of human and murine synovial PD‐L1 + macrophages was determined by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and single‐cell RNA sequencing. Results Anti–PD‐L1 antibody treatment during CIA worsened arthritis with increased immune cell infiltration compared with isotype control, supporting the regulatory role of PD‐L1 in the joint. The main cells expressing PD‐L1 in the synovium were macrophages. Using parabiosis, we showed that synovial PD‐L1 + macrophages were both locally proliferating and partially replaced by the circulation. PD‐L1 + macrophages had increased levels of MER proto‐oncogene tyrosine kinase (MerTK) and interleukin (IL)‐10 expression during acute CIA. Genetic depletion of PD‐L1 on macrophages in Lyz cre PD‐L1 fl/fl mice resulted in worsened CIA compared with controls. We found that human PD‐L1 + macrophages in the synovium of healthy individuals and patients with rheumatoid arthritis express MerTK and IL‐10. Conclusion PD‐L1 + macrophages with efferocytotic and anti‐inflammatory characteristics protect the synovium from severe arthritis in the CIA mouse model. Tissue‐protective, PD‐L1–expressing macrophages are also present in the human synovium at homeostasis and during rheumatoid arthritis.
Emergence and persistent spread of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae high-risk clones in Greek hospitals, 2013 to 2022
Authors: Kyriaki Tryfinopoulou, Marius Linkevicius, Olga Pappa, Erik Alm, Kleon Karadimas, Olov Svartström, Michalis Polemis, Kassiani Mellou, Antonis Maragkos, Alma Brolund, Inga Fröding, Sophia David, Alkiviadis Vatopoulos, Daniel Palm, Dominique L Monnet, Theoklis Zaoutis, Anke Kohlenberg
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

Background Preliminary unpublished results of the survey of carbapenem- and/or colistin-resistant Enterobacterales (CCRE survey) showed the expansion of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPKP) sequence type (ST) 39 in 12 of 15 participating Greek hospitals in 2019. Aim We conducted a rapid survey to determine the extent of spread of CPKP high-risk clones in Greek hospitals in 2022 and compare the distribution of circulating CPKP clones in these hospitals since 2013. Methods We analysed whole genome sequences and epidemiological data of 310 K. pneumoniae isolates that were carbapenem-resistant or ‘susceptible, increased exposure’ from Greek hospitals that participated in the European survey of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (EuSCAPE, 2013–2014), in the CCRE survey (2019) and in a national follow-up survey (2022) including, for the latter, an estimation of transmission events. Results Five K. pneumoniae STs including ST258/512 (n = 101 isolates), ST11 (n = 93), ST39 (n = 56), ST147 (n = 21) and ST323 (n = 13) accounted for more than 90% of CPKP isolates in the dataset. While ST11, ST147 and ST258/512 have been detected in participating hospitals since 2013 and 2014, KPC-2-producing ST39 and ST323 emerged in 2019 and 2022, respectively. Based on the defined genetic relatedness cut-off, 44 within-hospital transmission events were identified in the 2022 survey dataset, with 12 of 15 participating hospitals having at least one within-hospital transmission event. Conclusion The recent emergence and rapid spread of new high-risk K. pneumoniae clones in the Greek healthcare system related to within-hospital transmission is of concern and highlights the need for molecular surveillance and enhanced infection prevention and control measures.
Assessing the impact of a national social marketing campaign for antimicrobial resistance on public awareness, attitudes, and behaviour, and as a supportive tool for healthcare professionals, England, 2017 to 2019
Authors: Ellie L Gilham, Ella Casale, Alison Hardy, Adeola H Ayeni, Ella Sunyer, Tori Harris, Rachel Feechan, Anna Heltmann, Malcolm Fawcett, Susan Hopkins, Diane Ashiru-Oredope
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

Background Previous United Kingdom campaigns targeting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) recommended running multimedia campaigns over an increased timeframe. The 3-year-long Keep Antibiotics Working (KAW) campaign was a mass media campaign in England targeting the public and general practitioners (GPs). Methods Every year, pre- and post-campaign questionnaire data were collected from the public, whereas post-campaign interview data were obtained from GPs. Data were weighted to allow pre- and post-campaign comparisons between independent samples. Significant changes in nominal and ordinal data were determined using Pearson’s chi-squared ( X 2 ) and Mann–Whitney U tests, respectively. Results Prompted campaign recognition was high, increasing by 6% from 2018 to 2019 (2017: data unavailable; 2018: 68% (680/1,000); 2019: 74% (740/1,000); X 2 = 8.742, p = 0.003). Knowledge regarding declining antibiotic effectiveness when taken inappropriately improved following the campaign (net true: pre-2017 = 69.1% (691/1,000); post-2019 = 77.6%; (776/1,000); X 2 = 5.753, p = 0.016). The proportion of individuals reporting concern for themselves or for children (≤ 16 years) about AMR increased by 11.2% ( Z = −5.091, p &lt; 0.001) and 6.0% ( Z = −3.616, p &lt; 0.001) respectively, pre- to post-campaign. Finally, in 2017, reported confidence to say no to patients requesting antibiotics differed significantly between GPs who were and were not aware of the campaign (net agree: 98.9% (182/184) vs 92.4% (97/105) respectively; X 2 = 4.000, p = 0.045). Conclusion A high level of prompted campaign recognition was achieved. The KAW campaign improved aspects of AMR knowledge and certain attitudes towards appropriate antimicrobial use. It increased awareness of and concern about AMR, supporting GP confidence to appropriately prescribe antibiotics. Future determination of measurable behaviour changes resulting from AMR campaigns is important.