tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events: population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region
Authors: Girvan Burnside, Christopher P Cheyne, Gary Leeming, Michael Humann, Alistair Darby, Mark A Green, Alexander Crozier, Simon Maskell, Kay O’Halloran, Elena Musi, Elinor Carmi, Naila Khan, Debra Fisher, Rhiannon Corcoran, Jake Dunning, W John Edmunds, Kukatharmini Tharmaratnam, David M Hughes, Liora Malki-Epshtein, Malcolm Cook, Ben M Roberts, Eileen Gallagher, Kate Howell, Meera Chand, Robin Kemp, Matthew Boulter, Tom Fowler, Malcolm G Semple, Emer Coffey, Matt Ashton, Marta García-Fiñana, Iain E Buchan
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2023)

Objectives To understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission risks, perceived risks and the feasibility of risk mitigations from experimental mass cultural events before coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) restrictions were lifted. Design Prospective, population-wide observational study. Setting Four events (two nightclubs, an outdoor music festival and a business conference) open to Liverpool City Region UK residents, requiring a negative lateral flow test (LFT) within the 36 h before the event, but not requiring social distancing or face-coverings. Participants A total of 12,256 individuals attending one or more events between 28 April and 2 May 2021. Main outcome measures SARS-CoV-2 infections detected using audience self-swabbed (5–7 days post-event) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, with viral genomic analysis of cases, plus linked National Health Service COVID-19 testing data. Audience experiences were gathered via questionnaires, focus groups and social media. Indoor CO 2 concentrations were monitored. Results A total of 12 PCR-positive cases (likely 4 index, 8 primary or secondary), 10 from the nightclubs. Two further cases had positive LFTs but no PCR. A total of 11,896 (97.1%) participants with scanned tickets were matched to a negative pre-event LFT: 4972 (40.6%) returned a PCR within a week. CO 2 concentrations showed areas for improving ventilation at the nightclubs. Population infection rates were low, yet with a concurrent outbreak of &gt;50 linked cases around a local swimming pool without equivalent risk mitigations. Audience anxiety was low and enjoyment high. Conclusions We observed minor SARS-CoV-2 transmission and low perceived risks around events when prevalence was low and risk mitigations prominent. Partnership between audiences, event organisers and public health services, supported by information systems with real-time linked data, can improve health security for mass cultural events.
The claim of primacy of human gut <i>Bacteroides ovatus</i> in dietary cellobiose degradation
Authors: Meixia Li, Yeqing Wang, Ciliang Guo, Sheng Wang, Liangzhen Zheng, Yifan Bu, Kan Ding
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

A demonstration of cellulose degrading bacterium from human gut changed our view that human cannot degrade the cellulose. However, investigation of cellulose degradation by human gut microbiota on molecular level has not been completed so far. We showed here, using cellobiose as a model that promoted the growth of human gut key members, such as Bacteroides ovatus (BO), to clarify the molecular mechanism. Our results showed that a new polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) from BO was involved in the cellobiose capturing and degradation. Further, two new cellulases BACOVA_02626GH5 and BACOVA_02630GH5 on the cell surface performed the degradation of cellobiose into glucose were determined. The predicted structures of BACOVA_02626GH5 and BACOVA_02630GH5 were highly homologous with the cellulase from soil bacteria, and the catalytic residues were highly conservative with two glutamate residues. In murine experiment, we observed cellobiose reshaped the composition of gut microbiota and probably modified the metabolic function of bacteria. Taken together, our findings further highlight the evidence of cellulose can be degraded by human gut microbes and provide new insight in the field of investigation on cellulose.
Challenges in the implementation of ultrasensitive liquid biopsy approaches in precision oncology
Authors: Aakash Desai, Christine M. Lovly
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2023)

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is DNA present in the cell-free component of blood (plasma and serum) or other human bodily fluids.[1][1] In patients diagnosed with cancer, a component of this cfDNA includes tumor-derived DNA arising from primary or metastatic cancer sites, also known as circulating tumor DNA
Bilateral Pulmonary Enteric Adenocarcinoma on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Hengyu Su, Lixiang Yang, Guohua Shen, Rong Tian
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma(PEAC) is a rare variant of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. We herein report FDG PET/CT findings of PEAC in a 76-year-old woman. The images showed widespread opacities in both lungs with intense FDG uptake. The pathology revealed pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma.
Machine learning model for predicting age in healthy individuals using age-related gut microbes and urine metabolites
Authors: Seung-Ho Seo, Chang-Su Na, Seong-Eun Park, Eun-Ju Kim, Woo-Seok Kim, ChunKyun Park, Seungmi Oh, Yanghee You, Mee-Hyun Lee, Kwang-Moon Cho, Sun Jae Kwon, Tae Woong Whon, Seong Woon Roh, Hong-Seok Son
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

Age-related gut microbes and urine metabolites were investigated in 568 healthy individuals using metataxonomics and metabolomics. The richness and evenness of the fecal microbiota significantly increased with age, and the abundance of 16 genera differed between the young and old groups. Additionally, 17 urine metabolites contributed to the differences between the young and old groups. Among the microbes that differed by age, Bacteroides and Prevotella 9 were confirmed to be correlated with some urine metabolites. The machine learning algorithm eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) was shown to produce the best performing age predictors, with a mean absolute error of 5.48 years. The accuracy of the model improved to 4.93 years with the inclusion of urine metabolite data. This study shows that the gut microbiota and urine metabolic profiles can be used to predict the age of healthy individuals with relatively good accuracy.
Endoscopic resection combined with gel immersion and curved laryngoscope for superficial hypopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Takahiro Inoue, Chikatoshi Katada, Takahiro Shimizu, Mitsuhiro Nikaido, Hirokazu Higuchi, Yo Kishimoto, Manabu Muto
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Transoral surgery using gastrointestinal endoscopy for superficial lesions near the pharyngoesophageal junction is an effective treatment [1] [2]. Gel immersion endoscopic mucosal resection has been reported to be a promising treatment for superficial lesions of the digestive tract [3] [4] [5].
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided modification of surgical anatomy (from Roux-en-Y gastrectomy to Billroth II-like anatomy) for endoscopic treatment of malignant biliary stenosis
Authors: Giulia Piazza, Enrique Lázaro-Fontanet, Arthur Cotton, Sébastien Godat, Domenico Galasso
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

We describe the case of an 84-year-old man who presented with obstructive jaundice. Seventeen months prior to this, he underwent a Roux-en-Y gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma (pT4a pN3a pM1 (peritoneal carcinosis)) and was being treated with pembrolizumab.
FDG PET/CT in Dressler Syndrome
Authors: Sameer Taywade, Tanisha Gupta, Rajesh Kumar, Rahul Choudhary, Deepak Kumar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Nuclear imaging has paramount role in the evaluation of 4I (infective, inflammatory, innervation, infiltrative) cardiac diseases. We present a case of persistent pyrexia post-percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with a history of inferior wall myocardial infarction 2 months back. Repeat coronary angiogram revealed that Right Coronary Artery (RCA) thrombus and IV antibiotics were started in suspicion of coronary stent infection. 18 F-FDG PET/CT revealed no hypermetabolism along RCA stent, with uptake along pericardium and inferior wall. 99m Tc-MIBI myocardial perfusion study showed perfusion defect in RCA territory corresponding to hibernating viable myocardium. Eventually patient was diagnosed with Dressler syndrome. Thus, molecular imaging helped in narrowing differentials in post cardiac intervention pyrexia and precise diagnosis.
Visualization of a gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma using a novel peroral cholangioscope
Authors: Lin Zhou, Yi Wang, Fan Zhou, Muhan Ni, Lei Wang
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of the gallbladder is extremely rare, accounting for less than 1 % of primary gallbladder cancers [1]. Here, we present a case of gallbladder NET in which the tumor was visualized directly using a novel peroral choledochoscope (eyeMax; Micro-Tech, Nanjing, China) with an outer diameter of 2.3 mm.
Organ-specific heterogeneity in tumor-infiltrating immune cells and cancer antigen expression in primary and autologous metastatic lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: David Restle, Joseph Dux, Xiaoyu Li, Alexander J Byun, Jennie K Choe, Yan Li, Raj G Vaghjiani, Carlos Thomas, Kyohei Misawa, Kay See Tan, David R Jones, Navin K Chintala, Prasad S Adusumilli
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2023)

Background Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and cancer antigen expression, key factors for the development of immunotherapies, are usually based on the data from primary tumors due to availability of tissue for analysis; data from metastatic sites and their concordance with primary tumor are lacking. Although of the same origin from primary tumor, organ-specific differences in the TIME in metastases may contribute to discordant responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor agents. In immunologically ‘cold’ tumors, cancer antigen-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy can promote tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; however, data on distribution and intensity of cancer antigen expression in primary tumor and matched metastases are unavailable. Methods We performed a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of patients who had undergone curative resection of pathological stage I–III primary lung adenocarcinoma from January 1995 to December 2012 followed by metastatic recurrence and resection of metastatic tumor (n=87). We investigated the relationship between the primary tumor and metastasis TIME (ie, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor-associated macrophages, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)) and cancer antigen expression (ie, mesothelin, CA125, and CEACAM6) using multiplex immunofluorescence. Results Brain metastases (n=36) were observed to have fewer tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and greater PD-L1-negative tumor-associated macrophages compared with the primary tumor (p&lt;0.0001); this relatively inhibitory TIME was not observed in other metastatic sites. In one in three patients, expression of PD-L1 is discordant between primary and metastases. Effector-to-suppressor (E:S) cell ratio, median effector cells (CD20+ and CD3+) to suppressor cells (CD68/CD163+) ratio, in metastases was not significantly different between patients with varying E:S ratios in primary tumors. Cancer antigen distribution was comparable between primary and metastases; among patients with mesothelin, cancer antigen 125, or carcinoembryonic antigen adhesion molecule 6 expression in the primary tumor, the majority (51%–75%) had antigen expression in the metastases; however, antigen-expression intensity was heterogenous. Conclusions In patients with lung adenocarcinoma, brain metastases, but not other sites of metastases, exhibited a relatively immune-suppressive TIME; this should be considered in the context of differential response to immunotherapy in brain metastases. Among patients with cancer antigen expression in the primary tumor, the majority had antigen expression in metastases; these data can inform the selection of antigen-targeted CARs to treat patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma.
Omental Hibernoma Revealed by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Jin Qi, Elizabeth Kurian, Orhan K. Öz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Hibernomas are "pseudolipomas" originating from remnants of fetal brown adipose tissue. These rare benign tumors may occur throughout the body but most commonly in the thigh, shoulder, back, and neck, and are rarely found in the abdominal cavity, retroperitoneum, breast, bones, scrotum, and perirectum. We present a case of a 58-year-old woman with a known mediastinal mass, who was incidentally found to have a very FDG-avid fat-containing lesion in the omentum abutting the stomach. Subsequent endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration confirmed hibernoma. The review of the literature shows the location is very unusual.
68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in Selected Breast Cancer Patients With Low FDG Affinity
Authors: Göksel Alçın, Esra Arslan, Tamer Aksoy, Merve Cin, Özge Erol Fenercioğlu, Ediz Beyhan, Nurhan Ergül, Tevfik Fikret Çermik
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

In this prospective study, PET findings of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in breast cancer staging were compared with 68 Ga-FAP inhibitor (FAPI) 04 PET/CT findings in selected cases with relatively low 18 F-FDG uptake in the primary tumor or with suspected nodal or distant metastases.Twenty-four women with a median age of 45 years (range, 36-67 years) who underwent initial staging 18 F-FDG PET/CT for breast cancer underwent 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging within the same week. SUV max and quantities of primary tumors and locoregional and distant metastatic lesions were recorded from both images, and these data were compared statistically.The histological subtypes of primary tumors were 11 invasive lobular, 8 invasive ductal, and 5 mucinous subtypes. More intense 68 Ga-FAPI-04 uptake (mean, 17.1 ± 7.9; 7.4-38.5) was detected in all primary tumoral lesions compared with 18 F-FDG (mean, 6.3 ± 3.9; 1.5-20.5) ( P = <0.001, Z = 4.107). Additional lesions showing 68 Ga-FAPI-04 uptake in the breast were detected in 29.2% (n = 7) of patients. In 8.3% (n = 2) of the patients, the primary lesion showed only 68 Ga-FAPI-04 uptake. In 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT, 25% (n = 6) of the patients showed more lymph node involvement and more intense uptake in the ipsilateral axilla. In addition, infraclavicular (level 3) lymph nodes in 4 patients (16.7%), supraclavicular lymph nodes in 1 patient, and internal mammary lymph nodes in 1 patient were detected only on 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT. In a patient with lung and bone metastases, 68 Ga-FAPI-04 uptake was higher, and the lung nodule showed only 68 Ga-FAPI-04 uptake.In selected low-FDG-affinity breast cancer patients, 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT showed the primary tumor with higher sensitivity and higher SUV max values compared with 18 F-FDG PET/CT. In addition, it is believed that this method may contribute to the management of patients' treatment by increasing the nodal stage.
Increased blood reactive oxygen species and hepcidin in obstructive sleep apnea precludes expected erythrocytosis
Authors: Jihyun Song, Krishna M. Sundar, Monika Horvathova, Radhika Gangaraju, Karel Indrak, Robert D. Christensen, Samuel Genzor, Carsten Lundby, Vladimir Divoky, Tomas Ganz, Josef T. Prchal
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2023)

Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes intermittent hypoxia during sleep. Hypoxia predictably initiates an increase in the blood hemoglobin concentration (Hb); yet in our analysis of 527 patients with OSA, &gt;98% did not have an elevated Hb. To understand why patients with OSA do not develop secondary erythrocytosis due to intermittent hypoxia, we first hypothesized that erythrocytosis occurs in these patients, but is masked by a concomitant increase in plasma volume. However, we excluded that explanation by finding that the red cell mass was normal (measured by radionuclide labeling of erythrocytes and carbon monoxide inhalation). We next studied 45 patients with OSA before and after applying continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). We found accelerated erythropoiesis in these patients (increased erythropoietin and reticulocytosis), but it was offset by neocytolysis (lysis of erythrocytes newly generated in hypoxia upon return to normoxia). Parameters of neocytolysis included increased reactive oxygen species from expanded reticulocytes' mitochondria. The antioxidant catalase was also downregulated in these cells from hypoxia‐stimulated microRNA‐21. In addition, inflammation‐induced hepcidin limited iron availability for erythropoiesis. After CPAP, some of these intermediaries diminished but Hb did not change. We conclude that in OSA, the absence of significant increase in red cell mass is integral to the pathogenesis, and results from hemolysis via neocytolysis combined with inflammation‐mediated suppression of erythropoiesis.
A pediatric case of endoscopic fistula closure using a polyglycolic acid sheet
Authors: Mitsuhiro Kono, Yasuaki Nagami, Tatsuo Nakaoka, Akifumi Matsuki, Masaki Ominami, Shusei Fukunaga, Yasuhiro Fujiwara
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula is a common postoperative complication of esophageal atresia [1]. The surgical treatments utilize muscle and pleural flaps [2]. Furthermore, endoscopic fistula closure with fibrin glue, a biomaterial, can be achieved by epithelializing, promoting circulation, and inhibiting leukocyte infiltration [1]. In adults, endoscopic fistula closure using a polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheet is useful for treating postoperative esophageal anastomotic fistulas [3]. However, no such pediatric reports are available.
circ-0000512 inhibits PD-L1 ubiquitination through sponging miR-622/CMTM6 axis to promote triple-negative breast cancer and immune escape
Authors: Li-Feng Dong, Fang-Fang Chen, Yang-Fan Fan, Kun Zhang, Hui-Hui Chen
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2023)

Background This study reported the function and mechanism of circ-0000512 in the progression of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods circ-0000512 expression in TNBC tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues and cells was examined by qRT-PCR. Moreover, circ-0000512 expression in TNBC cells was modulated by transfection. Thereafter, colony formation assay, Transwell assay and flow cytometry were conducted to observe cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. TNBC cells were treated with cycloheximide and the protease inhibitor MG132. Later, ubiquitination assay was performed to detect programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) ubiquitination in TNBC cells. The T cell killing ability was assessed by the T cell-mediated tumor cell killing assay. IFNγ and IL-2 levels were detected by ELISA. The percentage of activated T cells was detected with a flow cytometer. In addition, dual luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were carried out to evaluate the binding between two genes. In vivo study was conducted on mice. CD8+ T cells in xenograft tumors were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results circ-0000512 was upregulated in patients with TNBC. circ-0000512 knockdown attenuated the proliferation and migration of TNBC cells and enhanced their apoptosis. circ-0000512 overexpression had opposite effects. circ-0000512 knockdown enhanced the PD-L1 protein ubiquitination in TNBC cells by inhibiting CMTM6. Meanwhile, circ-0000512 promoted CMTM6 expression by sponging miR-622. circ-0000512 knockdown increased the ratio of CD8+T cells and the lethality of T cells against TNBC cells. Besides, circ-0000512 knockdown inhibited the growth of TNBC cells in immunodeficient nude mice and normal immune mice and increased the ratio of CD8+T cells in xenograft tumors of normal immune mice. Conclusions circ-0000512 inhibited PD-L1 ubiquitination by sponging the miR-622/CMTM6 axis, thus promoting TNBC progression and immune escape.
Response to "<i>NLRC5</i>germline variants and their potential role in eliciting an immune response in patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors" by Xiang-Yu Meng
Authors: Lilach Aizenbud, David A Schoenfeld, Jasmine I Caulfield, Jacqueline E Mann, Matthew R Austin, Ana Luisa Perdigoto, Kevan C Herold, Harriet M Kluger
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2023)

To the Editor: We thank Dr Meng for the thoughtful letter further elaborating on the possible significance of NLRC5 polymorphisms in the development of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced diabetes mellitus (ICI-DM) and other immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Dr Meng further highlights a
Prospective Comparison of the Imaging Value of 99mTc-MDP Bone Scan and 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis, and Osteitis Syndrome
Authors: Tingting Xu, Haoyuan Ding, Dongmei Fan, Qingxue Shu, Guangfu Liu, Shumao Zhang, Yue Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Purpose This study aimed to explore the imaging value of 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome and compare it with that of 99m Tc-MDP bone scan. Methods Nineteen participants with SAPHO syndrome underwent 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT and 99m Tc-MDP bone scan. Demographic data and clinical features were recorded, SAPHO imaging features were analyzed, and the osteoarticular lesion detection rate in both methods was calculated. Results This prospective study recruited 4 men and 15 women aged 52.4 ± 8.6 years. The anterior chest wall was involved in all participants (100%). Palmoplantar pustulosis was the most common (36.8%) skin symptom. 99m Tc-MDP bone scan and 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT together detected 84 osteoarticular lesions, of which 91.7% (77/84) were detected by the former and 96.4% (81/84) by the latter. Furthermore, 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT detected 5 cases of knee and hip joint synovitis. Conclusions 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT was more sensitive than 99m Tc-MDP bone scan when evaluating osteoarticular lesions in SAPHO syndrome and could also evaluate synovial lesions. 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT could be a good imaging method for SAPHO syndrome but requires further verification in a more extensive research cohort.
Comparison of Oral and IV 18F-NaF PET/CT Administration in the Assessment of Bone Metastases in Patients With Breast or Prostate Cancers
Authors: Nelisa Helena Rocha, Samara Riguete Zacchi, Heitor Naoki Sado, Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel, Paulo Schiavom Duarte, Marcelo Tatit Sapienza
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

The aim of this study was to compare oral and IV administrations of 18 F-NaF PET/CT for detection of suspicious bone metastatic lesions of breast and prostate cancers.Thirty-six patients with breast (n = 23) or prostate (n = 13) cancers and high risk for bone metastases were prospectively evaluated. All patients underwent 2 PET/CT studies after IV and oral 18 F-NaF administration within a 2 to 23 days interval between them. The maximum SUVs from the same suspicious lesions (≤5 index lesions per patient) in both studies were measured. The target-to-background ratio (TBR), defined as the relation between the lesion maximum SUV and the whole skeletal mean SUV, was calculated for each lesion. The TBRs in the same lesion calculated using the 2 administration routes were compared. The agreements between 2 physicians in the definition of the number of lesions in both studies were also assessed using weighted κ.One hundred thirty-four pairs of lesions were analyzed. There was no significant statistical difference between the median TBRs ( P = 0.212) for IV (10.33) and oral (10.85). Excellent intraobserver agreement was observed between IV and oral routes: weighted κ of 1.0 (95% confidence interval, 0.92-1.0) and 0.92 (95% confidence interval, 0.81-0.99) for physicians 1 and 2, respectively. The interobserver coefficients were 0.82 and 0.87 for "oral versus oral" and "IV versus IV," respectively.18 F-NaF PET/CT studies using oral and IV routes present comparable performance; thus, it is possible to use oral route in patients with difficult venous access.