tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for Colonoscopy Surveillance after Cancer Resection: A Consensus Update by the American Cancer Society and US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer
Authors: D. K. Rex, C. J. Kahi, B. Levin, R. A. Smith, J. H. Bond, D. Brooks, R. W. Burt, T. Byers, R. H. Fletcher, N. Hyman, D. Johnson, L. Kirk, D. A. Lieberman, T. R. Levin, M. J. O'Brien, C. Simmang, A. G. Thorson, S. J. Winawer
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2006)

Patients with resected colorectal cancer are at risk for recurrent cancer and metachronous neoplasms in the colon. This joint update of guidelines by the American Cancer Society (ACS) and US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer addresses only the use of endoscopy in the surveillance of these patients. Patients with endoscopically resected Stage I colorectal cancer, surgically resected Stage II and III cancers, and Stage IV cancer resected for cure (isolated hepatic or pulmonary metastasis) are candidates for endoscopic surveillance. The colorectum should be carefully cleared of synchronous neoplasia in the perioperative period. In nonobstructed colons, colonoscopy should be performed preoperatively. In obstructed colons, double contrast barium enema or computed tomography colonography should be done preoperatively, and colonoscopy should be performed 3 to 6 months after surgery. These steps complete the process of clearing synchronous disease. After clearing for synchronous disease, another colonoscopy should be performed in 1 year to look for metachronous lesions. This recommendation is based on reports of a high incidence of apparently metachronous second cancers in the first 2 years after resection. If the examination at 1 year is normal, then the interval before the next subsequent examination should be 3 years. If that colonoscopy is normal, then the interval before the next subsequent examination should be 5 years. Shorter intervals may be indicated by associated adenoma findings (see Postpolypectomy Surveillance Guideline). Shorter intervals are also indicated if the patient's age, family history, or tumor testing indicate definite or probable hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Patients undergoing low anterior resection of rectal cancer generally have higher rates of local cancer recurrence, compared with those with colon cancer. Although effectiveness is not proven, performance of endoscopic ultrasound or flexible sigmoidoscopy at 3- to 6-month intervals for the first 2 years after resection can be considered for the purpose of detecting a surgically curable recurrence of the original rectal cancer.
The influence of skeletal maturity on allogenic synovial mesenchymal stem cell-based repair of cartilage in a large animal model
Authors: Kazunori Shimomura, Wataru Ando, Kosuke Tateishi, Ryosuke Nansai, Hiromichi Fujie, David A. Hart, Hideyuki Kohda, Keisuke Kita, Takashi Kanamoto, Tatsuo Mae, Ken Nakata, Konsei Shino, Hideki Yoshikawa, Norimasa Nakamura
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
The Metabolic Syndrome and Disturbances in Hormone Levels in Long-Term Survivors of Disseminated Testicular Cancer
Authors: Janine Nuver, Andries J. Smit, Bruce H.R. Wolffenbuttel, Wim J. Sluiter, Harald J. Hoekstra, Dirk T. Sleijfer, Jourik A. Gietema
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose The metabolic syndrome may be an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease in long-term survivors of testicular cancer (TC). We investigated the associations between hormone levels and the metabolic syndrome in these men. Patients and Methods We included TC patients cured by orchidectomy and cisplatin-based chemotherapy, stage I TC patients after orchidectomy only, and healthy men of comparable age. Presence of the metabolic syndrome was determined using guidelines from the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), inhibin B, luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone, sex-hormone–binding globulin, free testosterone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and insulin-like growth factor 1 were determined in blood. Cortisol metabolite excretion was measured in urine. Results Eighty-six chemotherapy patients (median follow-up, 7 years) were compared with 44 stage I patients and 47 controls. LH and FSH were higher, and inhibin B and total and free testosterone were lower in chemotherapy patients than controls. Adrenal and thyroid hormone production were unaffected. Chemotherapy patients with the metabolic syndrome (n = 22; 26%) had a higher body mass index (BMI) pretreatment, a larger BMI increase during follow-up, lower total testosterone, and higher urinary cortisol metabolite excretion than those patients without the metabolic syndrome. BMI and insulin were associated with the metabolic syndrome, while total testosterone and urinary cortisol metabolite excretion were associated with BMI. Conclusion We found gonadal dysfunction, but normal adrenal and thyroid function. Through its association with BMI, testosterone may play a role in the development of the metabolic syndrome in long-term TC survivors.
Factors Associated With Long-Term Survival of Diabetics
Authors: Sidney Pell
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Three hundred and seventy diabetics and an equal number of matched controls were followed up over a ten-year period to compare the mortality of diabetics with that of nondiabetics, and to determine how the longevity of diabetics is affected by various complicating conditions and by the severity of the diabetes. During the ten-year study period, the death rate of the diabetics was 25.4% compared to 9.7% among the controls, a ratio of about 2.6. Some of the excess mortality was accounted for by (1) a higher prevalence of hypertension, overweight, coronary heart disease, and kidney disease, and (2) the severity of the diabetes, as indicated by a high insulin dosage, early onset, and recurrent glycosuria. However, the mortality of those with mild diabetes and those without complicating diseases was also substantially greater than that of the nondiabetics.
Randomized Comparative Trial and Cost Analysis of 3-Day Antimicrobial Regimens for Treatment of Acute Cystitis in Women
Authors: Thomas M. Hooton
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the efficacy, safety, and costs associated with four different 3-day regimens for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis in women. <h3>Design.</h3> —A prospective randomized trial with a cost analysis. <h3>Study Population.</h3> —Women with acute cystitis attending a student health center. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Treatment with 3-day oral regimens of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 160 mg/800 mg twice daily, macrocrystalline nitrofurantoin, 100 mg four times daily, cefadroxil, 500 mg twice daily, or amoxicillin, 500 mg three times daily. <h3>Results.</h3> —Six weeks after treatment, 32 (82%) of 39 women treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were cured compared with 22 (61%) of 36 treated with nitrofurantoin (<i>P</i>=.04 vs trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole),21 (66%) of 32 treated with cefadroxil (<i>P</i>=.11 vs trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), and 28 (67%) of 42 treated with amoxicillin (<i>P</i>=.11 vs trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). Persistence of significant bacteriuria was less common with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (3%) and cefadroxil (0%) compared with nitrofurantoin (16%;<i>P</i>=.05 vs trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) and amoxicillin (14%;<i>P</i>=.11 vs trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). Persistence of bacteriuria was associated with amoxicillin-resistant strains in the amoxicillin group but nitrofurantoin-susceptible strains in the nitrofurantoin group. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was more successful in eradicating<i>Escherichia coli</i>from rectal cultures soon after therapy and from urethral and vaginal cultures at all follow-up visits compared with the other treatment regimens. Adverse effects were reported by 16 (35%) of 46 patients receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 18 (43%) of 42 receiving nitrofurantoin, 12 (30%) of 40 receiving cefadroxil, and 13 (25%) of 52 receiving amoxicillin. The mean costs per patient were less with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ($114) and amoxicillin ($131) compared with nitrofurantoin ($155) and cefadroxil ($155). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —A 3-day regimen of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is more effective and less expensive than 3-day regimens of nitrofurantoin, cefadroxil, or amoxicillin for treatment of uncomplicated cystitis in women. The increased efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is likely related to its antimicrobial effects against<i>E coli</i>in the rectum, urethra, and vagina. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:41-45)
A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Social Cognition in Schizophrenia During an Acute Episode and After Recovery
Authors: Kwang-Hyuk Lee, Wendy H. Brown, Paul N. Egleston, Russell D.J. Green, Tom F.D. Farrow, Michael D. Hunter, Randolph W. Parks, Iain D. Wilkinson, Sean A. Spence, Peter W.R. Woodruff
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: Difficulty with social interactions is a characteristic of schizophrenia. The authors used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate brain activation changes during a social cognition paradigm in patients with schizophrenia during and after an acute episode and their association with social and executive function. Method: In a longitudinal study design, 14 patients with schizophrenia experiencing an acute episode had an fMRI scan. They returned for a follow-up scan after clinical improvement. Fourteen healthy comparison subjects were also scanned twice with approximately the same time interval between scans as in the patient group. The authors employed a social cognition fMRI paradigm involving empathic and forgivability judgments. Schizophrenia symptoms, social functioning and illness insight scales, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test were used to examine whether improvement on these measures was associated with recovery of brain activation in response to the social cognition paradigm. Results: After recovery from the acute episode, patients exhibited increased activation in the left medial prefrontal cortex, which was, in turn, significantly correlated with improved insight and social functioning. Decreased symptom severity and improved performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test were not significantly associated with increased left medial prefrontal cortex activation. Conclusions: This is the first study to the authors' knowledge to use a social cognition paradigm to reveal improved left medial prefrontal cortex activation in schizophrenia after recovery from an acute episode. These results suggest that restored left medial prefrontal cortex activation may mediate improvement of insight and social functioning in patients with schizophrenia.
Expression of milk fat globule epidermal growth factor-VIII may be an indicator of poor prognosis in malignant melanoma
Authors: J. Oba, Y. Moroi, T. Nakahara, T. Abe, A. Hagihara, M. Furue
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Background Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor-VIII (MFG-E8) is a secreted protein that binds phosphatidylserine and promotes apoptotic cell ingestion by phagocytes, mediating the immune tolerance and maintenance of homeostasis. A recent study has shown that MFG-E8 expression in human melanoma is increased with tumour progression; however, the effect of its expression on patient survival has not yet been clarified. Objective To analyse MFG-E8 expression in melanoma, and to determine whether it can serve as a marker for diagnosis, tumour progression and/or prognosis. Methods MFG-E8 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 60 primary melanomas, 22 metastatic lesions and 30 benign naevi. The following clinicopathological variables were evaluated: age, gender, histological type, tumour site, Breslow thickness, Clark’s level, the presence or absence of ulceration and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, and survival periods. Statistical analyses were performed to assess associations and melanoma-specific survival. Results MFG-E8 expression was significantly higher in primary and metastatic melanoma than in naevus. Furthermore, it increased according to tumour progression and metastasis. Patients with MFG-E8 expression in primary tumours had significantly shorter survival periods than those without MFG-E8 expression. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that MFG-E8 expression was a statistically significant and independent prognostic factor. Conclusion MFG-E8 expression may serve as a tumour progression marker and can predict an unfavourable prognosis in patients with melanoma.
Healing of Duodenal Ulcer with an Antacid Regimen
Authors: Walter L. Peterson, Richard A. L. Sturdevant, Harold D. Frankl, Charles T. Richardson, Jon I. Isenberg, Janet D. Elashoff, James Q. Sones, Robert A. Gross, Richard W. McCallum, John S. Fordtran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

To determine whether a large-dose antacid regimen is effective in promoting healing of duodenal ulcer, 74 patients with endoscopically proved duodenal ulcer completed a 28-day double-blind clinical trial comparing such a regimen with an inert placebo. The ulcer healed completely in 28 of the 36 antacid-treated as compared to 17 of the 38 placebo-treated patients (P<0.005). The antacid regimen was not more effective than placebo in relieving ulcer symptoms. Presence or absence of symptoms during the fourth treatment week was a poor predictor of presence or absence of an ulcer crater. Ulcers of placebo-treated patients who smoked cigarettes were less likely to heal than those of nonsmokers (P = 0.03). Except for mild diarrhea, no side effects of the antacid regimen were observed. We conclude that a large-dose antacid regimen hastens the healing of duodenal ulcer. (N Engl J Med 297:341–345, 1977)
Is There Gender Bias in JAMA's Peer Review Process?
Authors: Julie R. Gilbert
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess whether manuscripts received by<i>JAMA</i>in 1991 possessed differing peer review and manuscript processing characteristics, or had a variable chance of acceptance, associated with the gender of the participants in the peer review process. <h3>Design.</h3> —Retrospective cohort study of 1851 research articles. <h3>Setting.</h3> —<i>JAMA</i>editorial office. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Eight male and five female<i>JAMA</i>editors, 2452 male and 930 female reviewers, and 1698 male and 462 female authors. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Statistically significant gender bias. <h3>Results.</h3> —Female editors were assigned manuscripts from female corresponding authors more often than were male editors (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Female editors used more reviewers per manuscript if sent for other review. Male reviewers assisted male editors more often than female editors, and male reviewers took longer to return manuscripts than did their female counterparts (median, 25 vs 22 days). Content reviewer recommendations were independent of corresponding author and review gender, while male statistical reviewers recommended the highest and lowest categories more frequently than did female statistical reviewers (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Manuscripts handled by female editors were rejected summarily at higher rates (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Articles submitted to<i>JAMA</i>in 1991 were not accepted at significantly different rates based on the gender of the corresponding author or the assigned editor (<i>P</i>&gt;.4). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Gender differences exist in editor and reviewer characteristics at<i>JAMA</i>with no apparent effect on the final outcome of the peer review process or acceptance for publication. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:139-142)
Mortality Factors in Patients With Acute Stroke
Authors: Meyer Brown
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Although cerebrovascular disease is the third most common cause of death in the United States, there is little information about the actual mechanism of death in patients with an acute, terminal stroke. We have investigated the records of 200 patients who were admitted to the Evanston Hospital with the diagnosis of stroke, died, and had autopsies. Our data show that patients who died within a week after onset presented important differences in the probable causes of death from those who died later. In the latter group, death appeared much more frequently to be due to nonneurologic diseases such as pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and urinary tract infections.
Genotype 4 Hepatitis E virus replicates in the placenta, causes severe histopathological damage, and vertically transmits to fetuses
Authors: Zhongyao Qian, Tengyuan Li, Yueping Xia, Chao Cong, Shuangfeng Chen, Yike Zhang, Shiling Gong, Wenjing Wang, Huichan Liu, Dongxue Chen, Wanqiu Zhao, Guo Zhong, Yinlong Deng, Wenhai Yu, Daqiao Wei, Xiongwu Yu, Fen Huang
Journal: Journal of Infection (2023)
Periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Present and future
Authors: Yiorgos A. Bobetsis, Mark Ide, Mervi Gürsoy, Phoebus N. Madianos
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2023)

Abstract For more than two decades the possible association between periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes has been extensively evaluated. Numerous observational, intervention, and mechanistic studies have offered valuable information on this topic. However, several methodologic limitations still remain a significant drawback for this set of investigations, and therefore safe conclusions are not always easy to draw. Unfortunately, despite the strong recommendations from the scientific community, recent studies have not sufficiently addressed these limitations and, therefore, have not significantly altered our perception regarding the association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review briefly describes the established knowledge and gives emphasis to the current literature. In addition, owing to the main theme of this Periodontology 2000 volume, special reference will be made regarding the results from European studies on periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Finally, new strategies and research guidelines are proposed in order to move on to the next level of evidence that will help connect the theoretical knowledge with meaningful clinical interventions that will benefit our pregnant patients and their offspring.
Author correction to ‘Protective effects of VMY-2-95 on corticosterone-induced injuries in mice and cellular models’ [Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 11 (2021) 1903–1913]
Authors: Ziru Yu, Dewen Kong, Yu Liang, Xiaoyue Zhao, Guanhua Du
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2023)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.002.].
Snail-inspired AFG/GelMA hydrogel accelerates diabetic wound healing via inflammatory cytokines suppression and macrophage polarization
Authors: Zhipeng Zhou, Tuo Deng, Maixian Tao, Lisha Lin, Luyun Sun, Xuemei Song, Dongxiu Gao, Jixing Li, Zhongjuan Wang, Xingzi Wang, Jinpeng Li, Zexiu Jiang, Lan Luo, Lian Yang, Mingyi Wu
Journal: Biomaterials (2023)
Correction: Outstanding outcomes with two low intensity regimens in children with low-risk B-ALL: a report from COG AALL0932
Authors: Reuven J. Schore, Anne L. Angiolillo, John A. Kairalla, Meenakshi Devidas, Karen R. Rabin, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Michael J. Borowitz, Brent Wood, Andrew J. Carroll, Nyla A. Heerema, Mary V. Relling, Johann Hitzler, Nina S. Kadan-Lottick, Kelly Maloney, Cindy Wang, William L. Carroll, Naomi J. Winick, Elizabeth A. Raetz, Mignon L. Loh, Stephen P. Hunger
Journal: Leukemia (2023)
Hemolysis is associated with altered heparan sulfate of the endothelial glycocalyx and with local complement activation in thrombotic microangiopathies
Authors: Timothée Laboux, Mehdi Maanaoui, Fabrice Allain, Eric Boulanger, Agnès Denys, Jean-Baptiste Gibier, François Glowacki, Gaëlle Grolaux, Anne Grunenwald, Mike Howsam, Steve Lancel, Céline Lebas, Benjamin Lopez, Lubka Roumenina, François Provôt, Viviane Gnemmi, Marie Frimat
Journal: Kidney International (2023)

The complement system plays a key role in the pathophysiology of kidney thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA), as illustrated by atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. But complement abnormalities are not the only drivers of TMA lesions. Among other potential pathophysiological actors, we hypothesized that alteration of heparan sulfate (HS) in the endothelial glycocalyx could be important. To evaluate this, we analyzed clinical and histological features of kidney biopsies from a monocentric, retrospective cohort of 72 patients with TMA, particularly for HS integrity and markers of local complement activation. The role of heme (a major product of hemolysis) as an HS-degrading agent in vitro, and the impact of altering endothelial cell (ECs) HS on their ability to locally activate complement were studied. Compared with a positive control, glomerular HS staining was lower in 57 (79%) patients with TMA, moderately reduced in 20 (28%), and strongly reduced in 37 (51%) of these 57 cases. Strongly reduced HS density was significantly associated with both hemolysis at the time of biopsy and local complement activation (C3 and/or C5b-9 deposits). Using primary endothelial cells (HUVECs, Glomerular ECs), we observed decreased HS expression after short-term exposure to heme, and that artificial HS degradation by exposure to heparinase was associated with local complement activation. Further, prolonged exposure to heme modulated expression of several key genes of glycocalyx metabolism involved in coagulation regulation (C5-EPI, HS6ST1, HS3ST1). Thus, our study highlights the impact of hemolysis on the integrity of endothelial HS, both in patients and in endothelial cell models. Hence, acute alteration of HS may be a mechanism of heme-induced complement activation.
Small vulnerable newborns—big potential for impact
Authors: Per Ashorn, Ulla Ashorn, Yvonne Muthiani, Samira Aboubaker, Sufia Askari, Rajiv Bahl, Robert E Black, Nita Dalmiya, Christopher P Duggan, G Justus Hofmeyr, Stephen H Kennedy, Nigel Klein, Joy E Lawn, Jeremy Shiffman, Jonathon Simon, Marleen Temmerman, Yemisrach Okwaraji, Julia Krasevec, Ellen Bradley, Joel Conkle, Gretchen Stevens, Giovanna Gatica, Eric O. Ohuma, Chris Coffey, Diana Estevez Dominguez, Hannah Blencowe, Ben Kimathi, Ann Beth Moller, Alexandra Lewin, Laith Hussain-Alkhateeb, Nita Dalmiya, Joy E. Lawn, Elaine Borghi, Chika Hayashi
Journal: The Lancet (2023)
Evidence-based antenatal interventions to reduce the incidence of small vulnerable newborns and their associated poor outcomes
Authors: G Justus Hofmeyr, Robert E Black, Ewelina Rogozińska, Austin Heuer, Neff Walker, Per Ashorn, Ulla Ashorn, Nita Bhandari, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Annariina Koivu, Somesh Kumar, Joy E Lawn, Stephen Munjanja, Pieta Näsänen-Gilmore, Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Marleen Temmerman, Per Ashorn, Robert E Black, Joy E Lawn, Ulla Ashorn, Nigel Klein, G Justus Hofmeyr, Marleen Temmerman, Sufia Askari
Journal: The Lancet (2023)
Buprenorphine versus methadone for the treatment of opioid dependence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and observational studies
Authors: Louisa Degenhardt, Brodie Clark, Georgina Macpherson, Oscar Leppan, Suzanne Nielsen, Emma Zahra, Briony Larance, Jo Kimber, Daniel Martino-Burke, Matthew Hickman, Michael Farrell
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2023)
Biological and pathological mechanisms leading to the birth of a small vulnerable newborn
Authors: Patricia J Hunter, Toluwalase Awoyemi, Adejumoke I Ayede, R Matthew Chico, Anna L David, Kathryn G Dewey, Christopher P Duggan, Michael Gravett, Andrew J Prendergast, Usha Ramakrishnan, Per Ashorn, Nigel Klein, Per Ashorn, Robert E Black, Joy E Lawn, Ulla Ashorn, Nigel Klein, G Justus Hofmeyr, Marleen Temmerman, Sufia Askari
Journal: The Lancet (2023)