tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does the addition of motor control or strengthening exercises to education result in better outcomes for rotator cuff-related shoulder pain? A multiarm randomised controlled trial
Authors: Marc-Olivier Dubé, François Desmeules, Jeremy S Lewis, Jean-Sébastien Roy
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2023)

To compare the short-term, mid-term and long-term effects between three interventions (education only, education and strengthening exercises, education and motor control exercises) for rotator cuff-related shoulder pain (RCRSP) on symptoms and function.123 adults presenting with RCRSP took part in a 12-week intervention. They were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 intervention groups. Symptoms and function were evaluated at baseline and at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks using the Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (QuickDASH) (primary outcome) and Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC). Linear mixed modelling was used to compare the effects of the three programmes on the outcomes.After 24 weeks, between-group differences were -2.1 (-7.7 to 3.5) (motor control vs education), 1.2 (-4.9 to 7.4) (strengthening vs education) and -3.3 (-9.5 to 2.8) (motor control vs strengthening) for the QuickDASH and 9.3 (1.5 to 17.1) (motor control vs education), 1.3 (-7.6 to 10.2) (strengthening vs education) and 8.0 (-0.5 to 16.5) (motor control vs strengthening) for the WORC. There was a significant group-by-time interaction (p=0.04) with QuickDASH, but follow-up analyses did not reveal any clinically meaningful between-group differences. There was no significant group-by-time interaction (p=0.39) for the WORC. Between-group differences never exceeded the minimal clinically important difference of QuickDASH or WORC.In people with RCRSP, the addition of motor control or strengthening exercises to education did not lead to larger improvements in symptoms and function compared with education alone. Further research should investigate the value of providing stepped care by identifying individuals who may only need education and those who would benefit from the addition of motor control or strengthening exercises.NCT03892603.
Identification of new risk loci shared across systemic vasculitides points towards potential target genes for drug repurposing
Authors: Lourdes Ortiz-Fernández, Elio G Carmona, Martin Kerick, Paul Lyons, Francisco David Carmona, Raquel López Mejías, Chiea Chuen Khor, Peter C Grayson, Enrico Tombetti, Lindi Jiang, Haner Direskeneli, Guher Saruhan-Direskeneli, José-Luis Callejas-Rubio, Augusto Vaglio, Carlo Salvarani, Jose Hernández-Rodríguez, Maria Cinta Cid, Ann W Morgan, Peter A Merkel, David Burgner, Kenneth GC Smith, Miguel Angel Gonzalez-Gay, Amr H Sawalha, Javier Martin, Ana Marquez
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2023)

Objectives The number of susceptibility loci currently associated with vasculitis is lower than in other immune-mediated diseases due in part to small cohort sizes, a consequence of the low prevalence of vasculitides. This study aimed to identify new genetic risk loci for the main systemic vasculitides through a comprehensive analysis of their genetic overlap. Methods Genome-wide data from 8467 patients with any of the main forms of vasculitis and 29 795 healthy controls were meta-analysed using ASSET. Pleiotropic variants were functionally annotated and linked to their target genes. Prioritised genes were queried in DrugBank to identify potentially repositionable drugs for the treatment of vasculitis. Results Sixteen variants were independently associated with two or more vasculitides, 15 of them representing new shared risk loci. Two of these pleiotropic signals, located close to CTLA4 and CPLX1 , emerged as novel genetic risk loci in vasculitis. Most of these polymorphisms appeared to affect vasculitis by regulating gene expression. In this regard, for some of these common signals, potential causal genes were prioritised based on functional annotation, including CTLA4 , RNF145 , IL12B , IL5 , IRF1 , IFNGR1 , PTK2B , TRIM35 , EGR2 and ETS2 , each of which has key roles in inflammation. In addition, drug repositioning analysis showed that several drugs, including abatacept and ustekinumab, could be potentially repurposed in the management of the analysed vasculitides. Conclusions We identified new shared risk loci with functional impact in vasculitis and pinpointed potential causal genes, some of which could represent promising targets for the treatment of vasculitis.
Effectiveness of physical activity interventions for improving depression, anxiety and distress: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Ben Singh, Timothy Olds, Rachel Curtis, Dorothea Dumuid, Rosa Virgara, Amanda Watson, Kimberley Szeto, Edward O'Connor, Ty Ferguson, Emily Eglitis, Aaron Miatke, Catherine EM Simpson, Carol Maher
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2023)

Objective To synthesise the evidence on the effects of physical activity on symptoms of depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adult populations. Design Umbrella review. Data sources Twelve electronic databases were searched for eligible studies published from inception to 1 January 2022. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials designed to increase physical activity in an adult population and that assessed depression, anxiety or psychological distress were eligible. Study selection was undertaken in duplicate by two independent reviewers. Results Ninety-seven reviews (1039 trials and 128 119 participants) were included. Populations included healthy adults, people with mental health disorders and people with various chronic diseases. Most reviews (n=77) had a critically low A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews score. Physical activity had medium effects on depression (median effect size=−0.43, IQR=−0.66 to –0.27), anxiety (median effect size=−0.42, IQR=−0.66 to –0.26) and psychological distress (effect size=−0.60, 95% CI −0.78 to –0.42), compared with usual care across all populations. The largest benefits were seen in people with depression, HIV and kidney disease, in pregnant and postpartum women, and in healthy individuals. Higher intensity physical activity was associated with greater improvements in symptoms. Effectiveness of physical activity interventions diminished with longer duration interventions. Conclusion and relevance Physical activity is highly beneficial for improving symptoms of depression, anxiety and distress across a wide range of adult populations, including the general population, people with diagnosed mental health disorders and people with chronic disease. Physical activity should be a mainstay approach in the management of depression, anxiety and psychological distress. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021292710.
Syphilitic Aortic Insufficiency
Authors: Taylor A. Prewitt
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Fifty-six patients with aortic insufficiency, presumably syphilitic in origin, were encountered among 345 patients with a history of syphilis in a municipal clinic and hospital population. Little physical handicap and relative longevity characterized the involved patients. Of the syphilitic patients, 33% (9 of 27) of those over 70 years of age had aortic insufficiency, while only 7% (5 of 70) of those under 70 years of age were so involved. The venereal disease research laboratory test for syphilis was nonreactive in 30% (17) of these patients, whereas the more sensitive fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test was nonreactive in only 1.9% (1 of 53) of those with aortic insufficiency.
PSA Thresholds for Prostate Cancer Detection
Authors: Judd W. Moul
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I read with great interest the articles by Dr Catalona and colleagues<sup>1</sup>and Dr Carter and colleagues<sup>2</sup>regarding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detection for prostate cancer. On one hand, Catalona et al found that the cancer detection rate was 22% when the screening PSA value was between 2.5 and 4.0 ng/mL and implied that vigilance was necessary in these men with lower PSA values. On the other hand, Carter et al found that considering as normal a PSA between 4.0 and 5.0 ng/mL maintains an acceptable ability to diagnose curable cancer and also suggested that men whose initial PSA level is less than 2.0 ng/mL may have screening every other year. Of great concern is that both studies lacked sufficient numbers of black men, who are known to have a higher prevalence of the disease and a propensity for more advanced cancer at diagnosis.<sup>3,4</sup>With
Climbing 'The Learning Curve'
Authors: Martin J. Hatlie
Journal: JAMA (1993)

First performed in France in 1987 and in the United States in 1988, laparoscopic cholecystectomy rapidly became the prevailing treatment of symptomatic gallstones. The National Institutes of Health estimated that as of September 1992 approximately 15000 surgeons in this country have received some training in the procedure and that 80% of gallbladder removals are now done with this technique.<sup>1</sup>It is notable that no large randomized trials comparing laparoscopic techniques with the established open cholecystectomy procedure have been done or are being planned. Patient demand for the most advanced technology—and its promise of less postoperative pain and shorter recovery time—drove implementation of the modality faster than prospective research could be done.<sup>2</sup>The data that have emerged indicate that complications occur infrequently, prompting the majority of an American Medical Association Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology Assessment (DATTA) panel<sup>3</sup>and a National Institutes of Health consensus conference<sup>1</sup>to characterize
Pancreatic Beta-Cell Dysfunction as the Primary Genetic Lesion in NIDDM
Authors: Walkyria Pimenta
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To test the hypothesis that insulin resistance precedes impaired insulin secretion in individuals genetically predisposed to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). <h3>Design.</h3> —Case-control study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Outpatient facility of clinical research center. <h3>Participants.</h3> —One hundred volunteers of European ancestry having normal glucose tolerance, 50 with and 50 without a first-degree NIDDM relative, matched for age, sex, and degree of obesity. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity assessed by hyperglycemic (N=100) and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic (N=62) clamp experiments. <h3>Results.</h3> —The individuals with a first-degree NIDDM relative had reduced first-and second-phase insulin responses (mean±SEM, 939±68 vs 1209±82 pmol/L, and 322±19 vs 407±24 pmol/L, respectively,<i>P</i>=.001 and.01), but their insulin sensitivity (148±6 and 92±6 nmol·kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;·min<sup>-1</sup>/pmol·L<sup>-1</sup>in hyperglycemic and euglycemic clamp studies) did not differ from that of the control group (126±5 and 81±7 nmol·kg<sup>-1</sup>·min<sup>-1</sup>/pmol·L<sup>-1</sup>, in hyperglycemic and euglycemic clamp studies,<i>P</i>=.07 and.24, respectively). In some individuals only first- or only second-phase insulin responses were reduced. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —In this study population, heterogeneous defects in insulin secretion were demonstrated, while defects in insulin sensitivity were not evident. We therefore conclude that since the earliest defects identified in a group genetically at high risk to develop NIDDM are those related to insulin secretion, defects in insulin secretion rather than insulin sensitivity are likely the major genetic factor predisposing to development of NIDDM. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:1855-1861)
Intraperitoneal Extravasation of Urine
Authors: Michael J. Sullivan
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Two patients with nontraumatic bladder rupture and intraperitoneal extravasation of urine were found to have an elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) content disproportionate to the normal or mildly elevated serum creatinine value. In the absence of other causes for this disproportion, and supported by observations on BUN and creatinine removal in peritoneal dialysis, it is suggested that in azotemic subjects a ratio of BUN to creatinine level far in excess of the mean figure of 10.8 to 1 may occur as a result of intraperitoneal extravasation of urine.
Effects of Short-Term Treatment with the α(1)-Blocker Alfuzosin on Urodynamic Pressure/Flow Parameters in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Giuseppe Martorana, Claudio Giberti, Franco Di Silverio, Magnus von Heland, Patrizio Rigatti, Renzo Colombo, Gianluigi Casadei, Paolo Pacifico
Journal: European Urology (1997)
El Paso Revisited
Authors: Dale L. Morse
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Increased lead absorption was found in 1972 in 56% of 256 children aged 1 to 18 years who lived within 1.6 km of a lead-emitting ore smeltery in El Paso, Tex. Engineering improvements have subsequently reduced emissions from the smeltery, and levels of lead in air, dust, and soil have declined. To evaluate the impact of these environmental improvements on lead absorption, we conducted a follow-up study in 1977 of blood lead levels in 140 children aged 1 through 18 years who lived within 1.6 km of the smeltery. Mean blood lead levels were found to have decreased from 41.4 to 17.7 μg/dL in children living within 0.8 km of the plant and from 31.2 to 20.2 μg/dL in children living at 0.8 to 1.6 km. These data argue for the feasibility of reducing children's lead absorption near primary lead smelteries. (<i>JAMA</i>242:739-741, 1979)
Oral Contraceptives and Cervical Cancer Risk in Costa Rica
Authors: Kathleen L. Irwin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To examine the relationship between cervical cancer and oral contraceptive (OC) use, we analyzed data from a population-based, case-control study in Costa Rica. Women aged 25 to 58 years in whom cervical cancer was diagnosed and reported to the National Tumor Registry were examined as two separate case groups: invasive cervical cancer and carcinoma in situ (CIS). Controls were women aged 25 to 58 years identified through a national survey. Women who had used OCs had no increased risk of invasive cervical cancer compared with women who had never used OCs (relative risk, 0.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.5 to 1.3). Women who had used OCs had an increased risk of CIS compared with those who had never used OCs (relative risk, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 2.2). However, further analyses indicated that this increased risk was confined to those who had recently used OCs. Also, the risk of CIS was not elevated in subgroups in which a history of cervical smears was not strongly linked to OC use. The elevated risk of CIS among OC users may therefore reflect a bias caused by enhanced detection of disease rather than a causal association. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:59-64)
Periarticular Perilymphatic Skin Atrophy
Authors: Norman L. Gottlieb
Journal: JAMA (1978)

DERMATOLOGIC changes associated with systemic and local corticosteroid administration are numerous and have been documented in earlier reports.<sup>1,2</sup>Acneiform eruptions, hirsutism, striae, purpura, skin atrophy, and impaired wound healing frequently develop and are well-recognized sequelae.<sup>3</sup>Recently, an unusual type of skin atrophy was observed following repeated intra-articular corticosteroid injections into the knees of a patient with severe rheumatoid arthritis. This type of atrophic change has not, to the best of our knowledge, been previously described in association with intra-articular corticosteroid therapy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 68-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of several depressed hypopigmented streaks that gradually developed about both knees (Figure). Classic rheumatoid arthritis, according to the American Rheumatism Association criteria,<sup>4</sup>involving the hips, knees, ankles, shoulders, elbows, and metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints had been present for four years. Laboratory results previously obtained included a hemoglobin level of 11.6 g/dl; a hematocrit level
Bubonic Plague Misdiagnosed As Tularemia
Authors: Vincent R. Sites
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Recent experience has indicated that human plague in the United States is often misdiagnosed as tularemia or as other causes of acute lymphadenitis. Two cases of plague in 1968 and two in 1969 were diagnosed retrospectively. Two of 44 persons on whom a diagnosis of tularemia was made in 1970 were identified as having bubonic plague by use of the passive hemagglutination test and by means of epidemiologic studies.
Hemodialysis Coil Reuse
Authors: Richard T. Bilinsky
Journal: JAMA (1971)

An effective coil reuse procedure can substantially reduce the cost of long-term hemodialysis treatment. A simple, safe, and inexpensive method is described which permits coil saving for at least nine reuses. Sterile water is infused rapidly through the blood path. The tubing is then sealed and cut. The coil is stored in a 27% sodium chloride solution. Chemical and bacteriological monitoring for more than one year (3,200 hemodialyses) has revealed no compromise of sterility or membrane integrity. Significant fibrin deposits occurred in only 2% of the reused coils, and contamination due to errors in technique accounted for less than 1% of discarded coils. Use of this method resulted in a significant reduction in the cost of the most expensive disposable item used in hemodialysis.
Decrease in the Incidence of Hepatitis in Dialysis Units associated with Prevention Programme
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A prospective survey of hepatitis in more than two-thirds of the dialysis units in the United Kingdom since January 1968 shows that after a prevention and control programme was started in 1970 the rising incidence of hepatitis B was halted. The programme has continued, with a sustained decline in the incidence among patients from 4·9% in 1970 to 1·4% in 1972 and among staff from 1·3% in 1970 to 0·4% in 1972.
THE PREPARATION OF SECTIONS OF GUINEA PIG LIVER FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Authors: Albert Claude, Ernest F. Fullam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1946)

1. A method is described whereby sections of guinea pig liver cells can be prepared for electron microscopy after fixation. 2. The high resolving powerof the electron microscope reveals the presence of two components, one particulate, the other apparently of fibrous texture, in the ground substance of the cells.
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Nick H. Kim, Marion Delcroix, David P. Jenkins, Richard Channick, Philippe Dartevelle, Pavel Jansa, Irene Lang, Michael M. Madani, Hitoshi Ogino, Vittorio Pengo, Eckhard Mayer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Women Walking for Health and Fitness
Authors: John J. Duncan
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —We studied whether the quantity and quality of walking necessary to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease among women differed substantially from that required to improve cardiorespiratory fitness. <h3>Design.</h3> —A randomized, controlled, dose-response clinical trial with a follow-up of 24 weeks. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A private, nonprofit biomedical research facility. <h3>Participants.</h3> —One hundred two sedentary premenopausal women, 20 to 40 years of age, were randomized to one of four treatment groups; 59 completed the study (16 aerobic walkers [8.0-km/h group], 12 brisk walkers [6.4-km/h group], 18 strollers [4.8-km/h group], and 13 sedentary controls). Eighty-one percent were white, 17% black, and 2% Hispanic. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Intervention groups walked 4.8 km per day, 5 days per week at 8.0 km/h, 6.4 km/h, or 4.8 km/h on a tartan-surfaced, 1.6-km track for 24 weeks. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Fitness (determined by maximal oxygen uptake) and cardiovascular risk factors (determined by resting blood pressure and serum lipid and lipoprotein levels). <h3>Results.</h3> —As compared with controls, maximal oxygen uptake increased significantly (<i>P</i>&lt;.0001) and in a dose-response manner (aerobic walkers&gt;brisk walkers&gt;strollers). In contrast, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were not dose related and increased significantly (<i>P</i>&lt;.05) and to the same extent among women who experienced considerable improvements in their physical fitness (8.0-km/h group, +0.08 mmol/L) and those who had only minimal improvements in fitness (4.8-km/h group, +0.08 mmol/L). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol also increased among the 6.4-km/h group, but did not attain statistical significance (+0.06 mmol/L;<i>P</i>=.06). Dietary patterns revealed no significant differences among groups. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Thus, we conclude that vigorous exercise is not necessary for women to obtain meaningful improvements in their lipoprotein profile. Walking at intensities that do not have a major impact on cardiorespiratory fitness may nonetheless produce equally favorable changes in the cardiovascular risk profile. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:3295-3299)
Metalloenzymes and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Warren E. C. Wacker, David D. Ulmer, Bert L. Vallee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

PREVIOUS studies in this laboratory have shown that the concentration of copper in serum is considerably increased after acute myocardial infarction.1 This change is proportional to an increase in ceruloplasmin, the copper protein of human serum, and its capacity to oxidize paraphenylenediamine.2 In the pursuit of these studies, the concentration of zinc and the activity of zinc enzymes in human serum have been found to be altered markedly in myocardial necrosis.Lactic dehydrogenase has recently been shown to be a zinc enzyme,3 and malic dehydrogenase also appears to be a metalloenzyme.4 These enzymes require coenzyme 1 (diphosphopyridine nucleotide) for their . . .
Transcervical Balloon Tuboplasty
Authors: Edmond Confino
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Transcervical balloon tuboplasty represents a noninvasive technique to treat proximal tubal occlusion. In a multicenter study, 77 women with confirmed bilateral proximal tubal occlusion underwent the procedure. In 71 patients (92%), at least one proximally obstructed fallopian tube was recanalized. Concomitant distal bilateral tubal occlusions were diagnosed after successful proximal tubal balloon recanalizations in 13 patients (17%). In the remaining 64 patients, 22 clinical pregnancies (34%) have been confirmed during a median follow-up period of 12 months. Among those, 17 (77%) resulted in normal deliveries and five (23%) resulted in a first-trimester miscarriage. One patient was diagnosed with an ectopic pregnancy. Among 25 patients who had not conceived within 6 months of the procedure, 17 (68%) demonstrated continuing tubal patency on repeated hysterosalpingogram. We conclude that transcervical balloon tuboplasty is a safe outpatient technique that may represent an alternative to in vitro fertilization or microsurgical reanastomosis of fallopian tubes. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:2079-2082)