tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FOREWORD
Authors: ROSCOE POUND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1943)

Article1 April 1943FOREWORDROSCOE POUNDROSCOE POUNDAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-18-4-449 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptCivilization is a cumulative activity. The mastery over nature which has enabled man to inherit the earth is an accumulation of experience and discovery set in order and developed by reason. As the accumulation goes on, it calls for increasingly minute division of labor both in investigation and discovery, and in systematizing and developing what has been discovered. The result is an extreme specialization of learning. It is no longer possible for any one to take all knowledge for his province even in his own field. He can only master his corner of it. Each minutely specialized discipline goes its... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cambridge, Mass. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1943Volume 18, Issue 4Page: 449-449 Issue Published: 1 April 1943 PDF downloadLoading ...
Granulosa Cell-expressed BMPR1A and BMPR1B have Unique Functions in Regulating Fertility but Act Redundantly to Suppress Ovarian Tumor Development
Authors: Mark A. Edson, Caterina Clementi, Roopa L. Nalam, Heather L. Franco, Francesco J. DeMayo, Karen M. Lyons, Stephanie A. Pangas, Martin M. Matzuk
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

ABSTRACT Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have diverse roles in development and reproduction. Although several BMPs are produced by oocytes, thecal cells, and granulosa cells of developing follicles, the in vivo functions of most of these ligands are unknown. BMP signals are transduced by multiple type I and type II transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family receptors, and of the type I receptors, BMP receptor 1A (BMPR1A) and BMP receptor 1B (BMPR1B) are known to be expressed in rodent granulosa cells. Female mice homozygous null for Bmpr1b are sterile due to compromised cumulus expansion, but the function of BMPR1A in the ovary is unknown. To further decipher a role for BMP signaling in mouse granulosa cells, we deleted Bmpr1a in the granulosa cells of the ovary and found Bmpr1a conditional knockout females to be subfertile with reduced spontaneous ovulation. To explore the redundant functions of BMP receptor signaling in the ovary, we generated Bmpr1a Bmpr1b double mutant mice, which developed granulosa cell tumors that have evidence of increased TGFβ and hedgehog signaling. Thus, similar to SMAD1 and SMAD5, which have redundant roles in suppressing granulosa cell tumor development in mice, two type I BMP receptors, BMPR1A and BMPR1B, function together to prevent ovarian tumorigenesis. These studies support a role for a functional BMP signaling axis as a tumor suppressor pathway in the ovary, with BMPR1A and BMPR1B acting downstream of BMP ligands and upstream of BMP receptor SMADs.
Patient-Physician Interactions and Electronic Health Records
Authors: Aviv Shachak, Shmuel Reis, Christopher Pearce
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Slit-Lamp Microscopy of the Living Eye: Early Diagnosis and Symptomatology of Affections of the Anterior Segment of the Eye.
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparison of neonatal management methods for very low birthweight babies.
Authors: Keith Hertogs, A Roberts, Stuart Campbell, Roberts Ab, Campbell Br Med3r
Journal: BMJ (1981)

prospective randomised trial involving over 2000 patients has already been reported.10There were no intrauterine deaths in the "counting" group, but eight among the controls.Neldam's results are almost too good to be true; but they warrant, at the least, trials of various counting methods in other populations.We are unhappy about the misleading comparison made between two ofour studies.611Our 24-hour study showed that normal fetuses spend at least 10% of the time in trunk movement.During a shorter but more practical period (30 minutes) there may be no trunk movements.However, the proportion of time occupied by trunk movement together with breathing movement (total fetal activity) was less than 10% for only 1% of normal babies.We proposed total fetal activity of less than 10% for a 30-minute session as a clinically useful indicator of hypoxia, and have since shown an association with signs of hypoxia in the fetal heart trace (Roberts et al, paper presented to Fourth Fetal Breathing Meeting, Nijmegan, 1978).
Comparison of Antimetabolites in the Treatment of Breast and Colon Cancer
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mutagenic Efficiency of Organophosphorus Insecticides Used in Combined Treatments
Authors: Noel Degraeve, Marie-Christine Chollet, Jean Moutschen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Male mice (Q strain) received two consecutive injections of organophosphorus insecticides: a phosphonate (trichlorfon) was combined to a thiophosphate (methylparathion) or a dithiophosphate (malathion or methylazinphos) in order to evaluate the interactions at the genetic and cytogenetic levels. No increase in chromosome damage was observed in bone marrow cells, spermatogonia, and primary spermatocytes. In a dominant lethal mutation assay, the frequency of postimplantation lethality was not significantly increased over the control level. The percentage of preimplantation losses was enhanced, probably due to a toxic effect on male germ cells.
Donor CD8+ T Cells Facilitate Induction of Chimerism and Tolerance without GVHD in Autoimmune NOD Mice Conditioned with Anti-CD3 mAb.
Authors: Yaming Liang, Tammy Huang, Chunyan Zhang, Ivan Todorov, Mark Atkinson, Fouad Kandeel, Stephen Forman, Defu Zeng
Journal: Blood (2004)
Current therapy for Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 1: Report of a world registry
Authors: C VANDERVEERE, M SINAASAPPEL, A MCDONAGH, P ROSENTHAL, P LABRUNE, M ODIEVRE, J FEVERY, J OTTE, P MCCLEAN, G BURK
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

This study represents a multicenter survey on the management of patients with Crigler-Najjar syndrome (CNS) type 1. The aim of the survey was to find guiding principles for physicians in the care of these patients. Fifty-seven patients were included. At the time of inclusion, 21 patients had received a liver transplant (37%). The average age at transplantation was 9.1 ± 6.9 years (range, 1-23 years); the age of the patients who had not been transplanted at the time of inclusion was 6.9 ± 6.0 years (range, 0-23 years). Brain damage had developed in 15 patients (26%). Five patients died, and 10 are alive with some degree of mental or physical handicap. In 2 patients, ages 22 and 23 years, early signs of bilirubin encephalopathy could be reversed, in 1 by prompt medical intervention followed by liver transplantation and in the other by prompt liver transplantation. Seven patients underwent transplantation with some degree of brain damage at the time of the surgery; 1 of these died after retransplantation, 2 improved neurologically, and 4 remained neurologically impaired. The age of 8 patients with and 13 without brain damage at or before transplantation was 14.3 ± 5.9 and 5.9 ± 5.4 years (P < .01), respectively. Therapy of CNS type 1 consists of phototherapy (12 h/d), followed by liver transplantation. Phototherapy, although initially very effective, is socially inconvenient and becomes less efficient in the older age group, thus also decreasing compliance. Currently, liver transplantation is the only effective therapy. This survey shows that, in a significant number of patients, liver transplantation is performed after some form of brain damage has already occurred. From this, one must conclude that liver transplantation should be performed at a young age, particularly in situations in which reliable administration of phototherapy cannot be guaranteed. (Hepatology 1996 Aug;24(2):311-5)
Advanced medicine goes micro-chip
Authors: D. Seitman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Biomedical engineering virtually took over a part of Philadelphia one week last fall, with four different conferences on state-of-the-art developments in that field and in engineering and computing as they relate to medicine. Starting out the week was the Fourth Annual IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society conference, which was split into Frontiers of Engineering in Health Care and Frontiers of Computers in Medicine (COMPMED). Then came the 35th Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology and finally the First IEEE Computer Society International Conference on Medical Computer Science/Computational Medicine (MEDCOMP). A recurring theme at the first meeting was that without recent advances in miniaturization and computing speed, many of the latest achievements would have been impossible. This was clear, for example, in a report by Nitish Thakor, PhD, and Robert Kuhn, PhD, both assistant professors of electrical engineering in computer science at Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill. The
Gene Expression Profiling of Breast Cancer
Authors: Maggie C.U. Cheang, Matt van de Rijn, Torsten O. Nielsen
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2007)

DNA microarray platforms for gene expression profiling were invented relatively recently, and breast cancer has been among the earliest and most intensely studied diseases using this technology. The molecular signatures so identified help reveal the biologic spectrum of breast cancers, provide diagnostic tools as well as prognostic and predictive gene signatures, and may identify new therapeutic targets. Data are best presented in an open access format to facilitate external validation, the most crucial step in identifying robust, reproducible gene signatures suitable for clinical translation. Clinically practical applications derived from full expression profile studies already in use include reduced versions of microarrays representing key discriminatory genes and therapeutic targets, quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays, or immunohistochemical surrogate panels (suitable for application to standard pathology blocks). Prospective trials are now underway to determine the value of such tools for clinical decision making in breast cancer; these efforts may serve as a model for using such approaches in other tumor types.
Tuberculous Immigrants
Authors: O. E. Fisher
Journal: BMJ (1965)

More than 65 years ago, W.H. Mathews published a seminal paper in <i>American Journal of Science</i> describing the Table, an iconic, flat-topped volcano in southern British Columbia, Canada. The Table is recognized as the type-example of a glaciovolcanic lava-dominated tuya. We use field mapping, 3-D photogrammetry, lithofacies identification and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar geochronology to re-examine the emplacement origins of this unique volcanic edifice. The Table is a steep-sided, flat-topped mass of dense, porphyritic andesite preserving a near-original outer surface of hackly fractured aphanitic material. The age of the edifice is 100 ± 12 ka. A new model for the emplacement involves dike injection and endogenous inflation within an overlying ice mass that is estimated to have been ∼250 to 350 m thick. The model assumes that the edifice expanded outwardly as an elliptical cylinder, endogenously inflating and melting an equal volume of ice. The thermal exchange between the expanding massif and the melting ice operates across a subvertical, well-drained, enveloping carapace of quench breccia. For effusion rates of 0.5 to 2 m<sup>3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, marginal heat fluxes are 43 to 186 W m<sup>−2</sup>, implying low overall heat transfer coefficients (0.04 to ∼0.18 W m<sup>−2</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>). The total volume of ice melted serves as a calorimeter and constrains the average thickness (∼3 m) and properties (thermal conductivity; 0.1 – 0.4 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>) of the breccia carapace. The heat transfer efficiency of intermediate lava-dominated tuyas is significantly lower (∼2 %) than reported for other glaciovolcanic systems (commonly ∼45 – 77 %) but similar to that found for block-lava flows and lava tubes.
Erratum
Journal: BMJ (1904)

Oxford Eye Hospital.In the former is a review of the work by Mr. IX.W. ])oyne, and in the latter the corresponding article is by Mr. Ogilvie.The x-ray apparatus has been obtained and is now in full use.The Oxford Eye Hospital has this great advantage that it is not too near any other large town, so that the patients, instead of wandering from hospital to hospital, as is so common in London and other large centres, remain to be seen and watched for years, and this greatly enhances the value of the work from a scientific point of view.The hospital also possesses another advantage in having linked with the surgeoncy the Margaret Ogilvie Readership in Ophthalmology, established in I902 for the purpose of encouraging research in ocular matters.Mr. Doyne at present holds this office.It was at Oxford that Mr. Doyne first tried the administration of retinal extract for the treatment of certain diseases of the optic nerve and retina; these investigations are still being carried on, and we are looking forward to hearing the results of the more recent cases as well as the later results of those whose early history has already been published.The report is interesting, and the work will bear comparison with that done at any British hospital.
Research and development expenditure for poverty-related and neglected diseases: an analysis of economic and epidemiological data
Authors: Peter von Philipsborn, Fridolin Steinbeis, Max E Bender, Peter Tinnemann
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2013)

BackgroundResearch and development (R&D) for poverty-related and neglected diseases falls short of their global public health importance. Several major global health initiatives aim to address this shortfall. We analysed the degree to which diseases are related to poverty and whether they are neglected by R&D at present.MethodsWe measured how diseases were related to poverty with the ratio of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100 000 inhabitants in low-income and middle-income countries versus that in high-income countries. We termed this ratio the poverty relation factor (PRF), which we calculated for all 240 causes of death and disability in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. We classed each cause as strongly or moderately related to poverty or affluence on the basis of a WHO background report. We measured neglect in R&D by the ratio of disease burden in DALYs (as a percentage of the total global disease burden) versus R&D expenditure (as a percentage of total global health-related R&D expenditure). We termed this ratio the neglect factor, which we assessed for 26 diseases commonly considered neglected and listed in the 2012 G-FINDER report. We estimated total global health-related R&D expenditure from data from official statistical databases and reliable private sources (OECD.stat, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Eurostat, EP Vantage, Research!America). Research expenditure data for specific diseases were taken from the 2012 G-FINDER report.Findings28 of 240 (12%) causes of death and disability were strongly related to poverty (PRF >35), 53 (23%) were moderately related (PRF 3–35), 117 (49%) were unrelated to economic development (PRF 0·66–2·99), 27 (11%) were moderately related with affluence (PRF 0·33–0·65), and 16 (7%) were strongly related with affluence (PRF <0·33). Total worldwide health-related R&D expenditure was US$233 billion in 2010. For the 26 poverty-related and neglected diseases included in our analysis, the neglect factor ranged between 0·32 for dengue and 1110 for rheumatic heart disease. These 26 diseases contribute to 14% of the global disease burden, but only 1·4% of global health-related R&D expenditure.InterpretationA large shortfall exists in global R&D spending for poverty-related and neglected diseases, with huge variations between individual diseases.FundingNone.
Geographic Disparities in Diabetes-Related Amputations—Texas-Mexico Border, 2003
Journal: JAMA (2007)

The risk for lower extremity amputation (LEA) is estimated at 15 to 40 times higher among persons with diabetes than among persons without diabetes. In Texas, the prevalence of diabetes is higher near the Mexico border, where persons are more likely to have lower levels of education, lower incomes, no health insurance, and other barriers to obtaining health care. To determine whether diabetes-related LEA rates are higher near the Texas-Mexico border, rates were calculated, in both the general population and among persons with diabetes, for diabetes-related LEAs in border and nonborder counties. Data used for this analysis included 2003 Texas Inpatient Hospital Discharge Data (TIHDD), 2003 Texas population estimates, and data from the 2003 Texas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The results of the analysis indicated that the age- and sex-adjusted rate of diabetes-related LEAs in the general population along the border was nearly double the rate of nonborder counties. Among persons with diabetes, the rate along the border also was significantly higher than among those in nonborder counties, but the rate differences were primarily among men aged > or =45 years. Additional measures to prevent diabetes and improve education regarding diabetes care are needed to reduce the excess burden of LEAs among persons with diabetes along the border.
DIETARY PROTEIN AND ITS RELATION TO HEALTH AND DISEASE
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Genetic damage from diagnostic radiation? A critique of the Bross and Natarajan study
Authors: B. E. Oppenheim
Journal: JAMA (1979)

BROSS and Natarajan<sup>1</sup>have presented the hypothesis that low-dose fetal irradiation in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 rads confines its damage to 1% of the irradiated subjects and that for this "affected" group there is a 5,000% increase in the risk of leukemia as compared with unexposed subjects. Earlier studies<sup>2-7</sup>have indicated an increased risk of leukemia of approximately 50% following such radiation, so this hypothesis would suggest that for the "affected" group the radiation is 100 times more dangerous than previously suspected. Bross and Natarajan claimed that their arguments established "clear prima facie evidence that exposure to the low levels of ionizing radiation can produce a drastically increased risk of leukemia." Using somewhat similar reasoning applied to data on adult exposures, Bross and associates constructed dosage response curves for the 1-rad range, from which they concluded that the hazards of exposure in this range are an
New application of intracardiac echocardiography with color and pulsed doppler imaging for evaluation of coronary blood flow Masakazu Teragaki, Iku Toda, Keiji Ujino, Ryo Otsuka, Shota Fukuda, Kumiko Hirata, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Takashi Muro, Kazuhide Takeuchi, Junichi Yoshikawa. Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)