tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In basilar-artery occlusion stroke, thrombectomy improved functional outcome at 90 d but increased ICH
Authors: Bruce Lo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

ACP Journal ClubFebruary 2023In basilar-artery occlusion stroke, thrombectomy improved functional outcome at 90 d but increased ICHBruce Lo, MD, MBABruce Lo, MD, MBAEastern Virginia Medical School/Sentara Norfolk General Hospital, Norfolk, Virginia, USA (B.L.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/J22-0119 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationTao C, Nogueira RG, Zhu Y, et al. Trial of endovascular treatment of acute basilar-artery occlusion. N Engl J Med. 2022;387:1361-72. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36239644Clinical Impact RatingsEmergency Med: Hospitalists: Neurology: References1. Liu X, Dai Q, Ye R, et al. Endovascular treatment versus standard medical treatment for vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (BEST): an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19:115-22. [PMID: 31831388] Google Scholar2. Langezaal LCM, van der Hoeven EJRJ, Mont’Alverne FJA, et al. Endovascular therapy for stroke due to basilar-artery occlusion. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:1910-20. [PMID: 34010530] Google Scholar3. Deng L, Qiu S, Wang L, et al. Comparison of four Food and Drug Administration-approved mechanical thrombectomy devices for acute ischemic stroke: a network meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 2019;127:e49-57. [PMID: 30802552] Google Scholar4. Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Hu C, et al. A direct aspiration first-pass technique (ADAPT) versus stent retriever for acute ischemic stroke (AIS): a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol. 2021;268:4594-606. [PMID: 33123777] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Eastern Virginia Medical School/Sentara Norfolk General Hospital, Norfolk, Virginia, USA (B.L.)Disclosures: The commentator has reported no disclosures of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=J22-0119.This article was published at Annals.org on 7 February 2023.ACP Journal Club is editorially independent from Annals of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoIn basilar-artery occlusion stroke, thrombectomy improved functional outcomes without increasing ICH Bruce Lo In basilar-artery occlusion stroke, thrombectomy improved functional outcomes without increasing ICH Bruce Lo Metrics Current IssueFebruary 2023Volume 176, Issue 2Page: JC14KeywordsAngiographyAtherosclerosisComputed axial tomographyDisabilitiesIschemic strokeNumber needed to harmNumber needed to treatStent implantationStroke ePublished: 7 February 2023 Issue Published: February 2023 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2023 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
In nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a diet of freshwater fish vs. freshwater fish plus red meat reduced liver fat
Authors: Sandeep Mukherjee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Source Citation He K, Guo LL, Tang H, et al. A freshwater fish–based diet alleviates liver steatosis by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites: a clinical randomized controlled trial in Chinese participants with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022;117:1621-3135973188.
In adults aged ≥65 y with head injuries, use of warfarin, but not DOACs, was associated with delayed ICH
Authors: Shan W. Liu, Christopher R. Carpenter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Source Citation Liu S, McLeod SL, Atzema CL, et al. Delayed intracranial hemorrhage after head injury among elderly patients on anticoagulation seen in the emergency department. CJEM. 2022;24:853-61. 36242733
In adults, a single colonoscopy screening invitation vs. no invitation reduced CRC incidence at 10 y
Authors: Thomas F. Imperiale, David F. Ransohoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

ACP Journal ClubFebruary 2023In adults, a single colonoscopy screening invitation vs. no invitation reduced CRC incidence at 10 yThomas F. Imperiale, MD, David F. Ransohoff, MDThomas F. Imperiale, MDIndiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA (T.F.I.)Search for more papers by this author, David F. Ransohoff, MDUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (D.F.R.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/J22-0112 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationBretthauer M, Løberg M, Wieszczy P, et al. Effect of colonoscopy screening on risks of colorectal cancer and related death. N Engl J Med. 2022;387:1547-56. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36214590Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Gastroenterology: References1. Brenner H, Stock C, Hoffmeister M. Effect of screening sigmoidoscopy and screening colonoscopy on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. BMJ. 2014;348:g2467. [PMID: 24922745] Google Scholar2. US Preventive Services Task Force, Davidson KW, Barry MJ, Mangione CM, et al. Screening for colorectal cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021;325:1965-77. [PMID: 34003218] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA (T.F.I.)University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (D.F.R.)Disclosures: The commentators have reported no disclosures of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=J22-0112.This article was published at Annals.org on 7 February 2023.ACP Journal Club is editorially independent from Annals of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoIn adults, sigmoidoscopy screening invitation reduced CRC incidence and related mortality at 15 y Thomas F. Imperiale and David F. Ransohoff In adults, sigmoidoscopy screening invitation reduced CRC incidence and related mortality at 15 y Thomas F. Imperiale and David F. Ransohoff Metrics Current IssueFebruary 2023Volume 176, Issue 2Page: JC18KeywordsCancer screeningColonoscopyColorectal cancerMortalityNumber needed to inviteObservational studiesPopulation statisticsRandomized trialsRisk ratio ePublished: 7 February 2023 Issue Published: February 2023 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2023 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
In adults with active dermatomyositis, IV immune globulin improved treatment response at 16 wk vs. placebo
Authors: Ami Schattner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

ACP Journal ClubFebruary 2023In adults with active dermatomyositis, IV immune globulin improved treatment response at 16 wk vs. placeboAmi Schattner, MDAmi Schattner, MDFaculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel (A.S.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/J22-0111 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationAggarwal R, Charles-Schoeman C, Schessl J, et al. Trial of intravenous immune globulin in dermatomyositis. N Engl J Med. 2022;387:1264-78. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36198179Clinical Impact RatingsRheumatology: Dermatology: References1. Senécal JL, Raynauld JP, Troyanov Y. Editorial: a new classification of adult autoimmune myositis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69:878-84. [PMID: 28382651] Google Scholar2. Hill CL, Zhang Y, Sigurgeirsson B, et al. Frequency of specific cancer types in dermatomyositis and polymyositis: a population-based study. Lancet. 2001;357:96-100. [PMID: 11197446] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ami Schattner, MDAffiliations: Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel (A.S.)Disclosures: The commentator has reported no disclosures of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=J22-0111.This article was published at Annals.org on 7 February 2023.ACP Journal Club is editorially independent from Annals of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics February 2023Volume 176, Issue 2Page: JC22KeywordsClinical trialsDermatomyositisDrugsGlobulinsImmune responseImmunosuppressivesMyositisPatientsRandomized trials ePublished: 7 February 2023 Issue Published: February 2023 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2023 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Risk Model–Based Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Iakovos Toumazis, Pianpian Cao, Koen de Nijs, Mehrad Bastani, Vidit Munshi, Mehdi Hemmati, Kevin ten Haaf, Jihyoun Jeon, Martin Tammemägi, G. Scott Gazelle, Eric J. Feuer, Chung Yin Kong, Rafael Meza, Harry J. de Koning, Sylvia K. Plevritis, Summer S. Han
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

In their 2021 lung cancer screening recommendation update, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) evaluated strategies that select people based on their personal lung cancer risk (risk model-based strategies), highlighting the need for further research on the benefits and harms of risk model-based screening.
P2Y12 Inhibitor Monotherapy or Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Complex Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: Felice Gragnano, Roxana Mehran, Mattia Branca, Anna Franzone, Usman Baber, Yangsoo Jang, Takeshi Kimura, Joo-Yong Hahn, Qiang Zhao, Stephan Windecker, Charles M. Gibson, Byeong-Keuk Kim, Hirotoshi Watanabe, Young Bin Song, Yunpeng Zhu, Pascal Vranckx, Shamir Mehta, Sung-Jin Hong, Kenji Ando, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon, Paolo Calabrò, Patrick W. Serruys, George D. Dangas, Eùgene P. McFadden, Dominick J. Angiolillo, Dik Heg, Marco Valgimigli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)
Intravascular Imaging During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Alexander G. Truesdell, Mirvat A. Alasnag, Prashant Kaul, Syed Tanveer Rab, Robert F. Riley, Michael N. Young, Wayne B. Batchelor, Akiko Maehara, Frederick G. Welt, Ajay J. Kirtane
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)
Medication Use for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in 40 Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: JingJing Z. Zhu, Jennifer Manne-Goehler, Anubha Agarwal, Silver K. Bahendeka, Albertino Damasceno, Maja E. Marcus, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Sebastian Vollmer, Mark D. Huffman, David Flood, Glennis Andall-Brereton, Krishna Aryal, Rifat Atun, Brice Bicaba, Justine Davies, Maria Dorobantu, Farshad Farzadfar, Pascal Geldsetzer, Mongal Gurung, David Guwatudde, Corine Houehanou, Nahla Hwalla, Kibachio Joseph, Khem Karki, Joao Martins, Bolormaa Norov, Sarah Quesnel-Crooks, Abla Sibai, Michaela Theilmann, Lindiwe Tsabedze
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)
Acute Cardiac Events During COVID-19-Associated Hospitalizations
Authors: Rebecca C. Woodruff, Shikha Garg, Mary G. George, Kadam Patel, Sandra L. Jackson, Fleetwood Loustalot, Jonathan M. Wortham, Christopher A. Taylor, Michael Whitaker, Arthur Reingold, Nisha B. Alden, James Meek, Evan J. Anderson, Andy Weigel, Justin Henderson, Erica Bye, Sarah Shrum Davis, Grant Barney, Nancy M. Bennett, Eli Shiltz, Melissa Sutton, H. Keipp Talbot, Andrea Price, Laurence S. Sperling, Fiona P. Havers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)
Impact of Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair Availability on Volume and Outcomes of Surgical Repair
Authors: Angela M. Lowenstern, Andrew M. Vekstein, Maria Grau-Sepulveda, Vinay Badhwar, Vinod H. Thourani, David J. Cohen, Paul Sorajja, Kashish Goel, Colin M. Barker, Brian R. Lindman, Donald G. Glower, Andrew Wang, Sreekanth Vemulapalli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)
Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal aberrant lymphoid developmental programs driving granuloma formation
Authors: Thomas Krausgruber, Anna Redl, Daniele Barreca, Konstantin Doberer, Daria Romanovskaia, Lina Dobnikar, Maria Guarini, Luisa Unterluggauer, Lisa Kleissl, Denise Atzmüller, Carolina Mayerhofer, Aglaja Kopf, Simona Saluzzo, Clarice X. Lim, Praveen Rexie, Thomas Weichhart, Christoph Bock, Georg Stary
Journal: Immunity (2023)

Granulomas are lumps of immune cells that can form in various organs. Most granulomas appear unstructured, yet they have some resemblance to lymphoid organs. To better understand granuloma formation, we performed single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics on granulomas from patients with sarcoidosis and bioinformatically reconstructed the underlying gene regulatory networks. We discovered an immune stimulatory environment in granulomas that repurposes transcriptional programs associated with lymphoid organ development. Granuloma formation followed characteristic spatial patterns and involved genes linked to immunometabolism, cytokine and chemokine signaling, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Three cell types emerged as key players in granuloma formation: metabolically reprogrammed macrophages, cytokine-producing Th17.1 cells, and fibroblasts with inflammatory and tissue-remodeling phenotypes. Pharmacological inhibition of one of the identified processes attenuated granuloma formation in a sarcoidosis mouse model. We show that human granulomas adopt characteristic aspects of normal lymphoid organ development in aberrant combinations, indicating that granulomas constitute aberrant lymphoid organs.
Impact of COVID-19 on Heart Failure Clinical Trials
Authors: Ankeet S. Bhatt, Matthew Dimond, Mona Fiuzat, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Orly Vardeny, Punag Divanji, Jan Komtebedde, Martin P. Lefkowitz, Richard Nkulikiyinka, Magnus Petersson, Lothar Roessig, Daniel Schaber, Christopher M. O’Connor, Scott D. Solomon
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2023)
Applicability of Vericiguat to Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure in the United States
Authors: Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Haolin Xu, Gregg C. Fonarow, Dominik Lautsch, Robert Hilkert, Larry A. Allen, Adam D. DeVore, Brooke Alhanti, Clyde W. Yancy, Nancy M. Albert, Javed Butler, Stephen J. Greene
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2023)
Response by Schulze et al to Letter Regarding Article, “Effects of Early Empagliflozin Initiation on Diuresis and Kidney Function in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (EMPAG-HF)”
Authors: P. Christian Schulze, Jürgen Bogoviku, Julian Westphal, Pawel Aftanski, Franz Haertel, Sissy Grund, Stephan von Haehling, Ulrike Schumacher, Sven Möbius-Winkler, Martin Busch
Journal: Circulation (2023)
Combined Minimally Invasive Surgical and Percutaneous Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Gianluigi Bisleri, Arjun K. Pandey, Subodh Verma, Syed M. Ali Hassan, Bobby Yanagawa, Masud Khandaker, Mario Gaudino, Andrea M. Russo, Atul Verma, Deepak L. Bhatt, Andrew C.T. Ha
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)

Hybrid ablation is a novel therapy in the invasive management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) which combines minimally invasive surgical and percutaneous catheter-based techniques. The evidence is mainly based on observational studies from experienced centers, with success rates of approximately 70% and risks that are 2.0-fold to 3.6-fold higher than catheter-based ablation. Hybrid ablation is offered typically to patients with persistent or longstanding persistent AF which, by design, requires 2 procedures (epicardial surgical and endocardial catheter-based ablation). One randomized trial demonstrated that hybrid ablation was more effective than catheter-based ablation, but with higher complication rates. The incidence of the most serious complications has decreased in contemporary studies of hybrid ablation. At present, hybrid ablation should be performed by experienced centers on selected patients with persistent or longstanding persistent AF. Additional randomized trials are needed to define the risks, benefits, and cost effectiveness of hybrid ablation to identify its most appropriate application in clinical practice.
In high-risk outpatients with COVID-19, neither colchicine nor aspirin reduced disease progression or death at 45 d
Authors: Joel M. Schectman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Source Citation Eikelboom JW, Jolly SS, Belley-Cote EP, et al. Colchicine and aspirin in community patients with COVID-19 (ACT): an open-label, factorial, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2022;10:1160-8. 36228639
In adults, sigmoidoscopy screening invitation reduced CRC incidence and related mortality at 15 y
Authors: Thomas F. Imperiale, David F. Ransohoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Source Citation Juul FE, Cross AJ, Schoen RE, et al. 15-year benefits of sigmoidoscopy screening on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: a pooled analysis of randomized trials. Ann Intern Med. 2022;175:1525-33. 36215714
Novel immunodeficiency caused by homozygous mutation in <i>SLC19A1</i> encoding the reduced folate carrier
Authors: Akira Shiraishi, Vedat Uygun, Nigel Sharfe, Serap Beldar, Mark George Ford Sun, Harjit Dadi, Linda Vong, Michelle Maxson, Neslihan E. Karaca, Süleyman Mevlitoğlu, Sergio Grinstein, Reha Artan, Daniele Merico, Chaim M Roifman
Journal: Blood (2023)
Vitamin D and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in People With Prediabetes
Authors: Anastassios G. Pittas, Tetsuya Kawahara, Rolf Jorde, Bess Dawson-Hughes, Ellen M. Vickery, Edith Angellotti, Jason Nelson, Thomas A. Trikalinos, Ethan M. Balk
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

The role of vitamin D in people who are at risk for type 2 diabetes remains unclear. To evaluate whether administration of vitamin D decreases risk for diabetes among people with prediabetes. PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov from database inception through 9 December 2022. Eligible trials that were specifically designed and conducted to test the effects of oral vitamin D versus placebo on new-onset diabetes in adults with prediabetes. The primary outcome was time to event for new-onset diabetes. Secondary outcomes were regression to normal glucose regulation and adverse events. Prespecified analyses (both unadjusted and adjusted for key baseline variables) were conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle. Three randomized trials were included, which tested cholecalciferol, 20 000 IU (500 mcg) weekly; cholecalciferol, 4000 IU (100 mcg) daily; or eldecalcitol, 0.75 mcg daily, versus matching placebos. Trials were at low risk of bias. Vitamin D reduced risk for diabetes by 15% (hazard ratio, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.75 to 0.96]) in adjusted analyses, with a 3-year absolute risk reduction of 3.3% (CI, 0.6% to 6.0%). The effect of vitamin D did not differ in prespecified subgroups. Among participants assigned to the vitamin D group who maintained an intratrial mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of at least 125 nmol/L (≥50 ng/mL) compared with 50 to 74 nmol/L (20 to 29 ng/mL) during follow-up, cholecalciferol reduced risk for diabetes by 76% (hazard ratio, 0.24 [CI, 0.16 to 0.36]), with a 3-year absolute risk reduction of 18.1% (CI, 11.7% to 24.6%). Vitamin D increased the likelihood of regression to normal glucose regulation by 30% (rate ratio, 1.30 [CI, 1.16 to 1.46]). There was no evidence of difference in the rate ratios for adverse events (kidney stones: 1.17 [CI, 0.69 to 1.99]; hypercalcemia: 2.34 [CI, 0.83 to 6.66]; hypercalciuria: 1.65 [CI, 0.83 to 3.28]; death: 0.85 [CI, 0.31 to 2.36]). Studies of people with prediabetes do not apply to the general population. Trials may not have been powered for safety outcomes. In adults with prediabetes, vitamin D was effective in decreasing risk for diabetes. None. (PROSPERO: CRD42020163522).
The sound of silence: mechanisms and implications of HUSH complex function
Authors: Marta Seczynska, Paul J. Lehner
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2023)

The vertebrate genome is under constant threat of invasion by genetic parasites. Whether the host can immediately recognize and respond to invading elements has been unclear. The discovery of the human silencing hub (HUSH) complex, and the finding that it provides immediate protection from genome invasion by silencing products of reverse transcription, have important implications for mammalian genome evolution. In this review, we summarize recent insights into HUSH function and describe how cellular introns provide a novel means of self–nonself discrimination, allowing HUSH to recognize and transcriptionally repress a broad range of intronless genetic elements. We discuss how HUSH contributes to genome evolution, and highlight studies reporting the critical role of HUSH in development and implicating HUSH in the control of immune signaling and cancer progression.
<i>Vital Signs:</i> Health Disparities in Hemodialysis-Associated <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Bloodstream Infections — United States, 2017–2020
Authors: Brian Rha, Isaac See, Lindsay Dunham, Preeta K. Kutty, Lauren Moccia, Ibironke W. Apata, Jennifer Ahern, Shelley Jung, Rongxia Li, Joelle Nadle, Susan Petit, Susan M. Ray, Lee H. Harrison, Carmen Bernu, Ruth Lynfield, Ghinwa Dumyati, Marissa Tracy, William Schaffner, D. Cal Ham, Shelley S. Magill, Erin N. O’Leary, Jeneita Bell, Arjun Srinivasan, L. Clifford McDonald, Jonathan R. Edwards, Shannon Novosad
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2023)

Racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected by end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). ESKD patients on dialysis are at increased risk for Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections, but racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities associated with this outcome are not well described.Surveillance data from the 2020 National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) and the 2017-2020 Emerging Infections Program (EIP) were used to describe bloodstream infections among patients on hemodialysis (hemodialysis patients) and were linked to population-based data sources (CDC/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry [ATSDR] Social Vulnerability Index [SVI], United States Renal Data System [USRDS], and U.S. Census Bureau) to examine associations with race, ethnicity, and social determinants of health.In 2020, 4,840 dialysis facilities reported 14,822 bloodstream infections to NHSN; 34.2% were attributable to S. aureus. Among seven EIP sites, the S. aureus bloodstream infection rate during 2017-2020 was 100 times higher among hemodialysis patients (4,248 of 100,000 person-years) than among adults not on hemodialysis (42 of 100,000 person-years). Unadjusted S. aureus bloodstream infection rates were highest among non-Hispanic Black or African American (Black) and Hispanic or Latino (Hispanic) hemodialysis patients. Vascular access via central venous catheter was strongly associated with S. aureus bloodstream infections (NHSN: adjusted rate ratio [aRR] = 6.2; 95% CI = 5.7-6.7 versus fistula; EIP: aRR = 4.3; 95% CI = 3.9-4.8 versus fistula or graft). Adjusting for EIP site of residence, sex, and vascular access type, S. aureus bloodstream infection risk in EIP was highest in Hispanic patients (aRR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.2-1.7 versus non-Hispanic White [White] patients), and patients aged 18-49 years (aRR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.5-1.9 versus patients aged ≥65 years). Areas with higher poverty levels, crowding, and lower education levels accounted for disproportionately higher proportions of hemodialysis-associated S. aureus bloodstream infections.Disparities exist in hemodialysis-associated S. aureus infections. Health care providers and public health professionals should prioritize prevention and optimized treatment of ESKD, identify and address barriers to lower-risk vascular access placement, and implement established best practices to prevent bloodstream infections.