tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Positive Airway Pressure Adherence, Mortality, and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Sleep Apnea
Authors: Chloé Gervès-Pinquié, Sebastien Bailly, François Goupil, Thierry Pigeanne, Sandrine Launois, Laurene Leclair-Visonneau, Philippe Masson, Acya Bizieux-Thaminy, Margaux Blanchard, AbdelKebir Sabil, Dany Jaffuel, Jean-Louis Racineux, Wojciech Trzepizur, Frédéric Gagnadoux
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

Rationale: Randomized controlled trials showed no effect of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on cardiovascular (CV) risk. However, patient selection and low PAP adherence preclude the generalization of their data to clinical samples. Objectives: To evaluate the association between hours of PAP use, mortality, and CV morbidity in real-life conditions. Methods: Data from the Pays de la Loire Cohort were linked to health administrative data to identify incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs; a composite outcome of mortality, stroke, and cardiac diseases) in patients with OSA who were prescribed PAP. Cox proportional hazards analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between MACEs and quartiles of average daily PAP use over the study period. Measurements and Main Results: After a median follow-up of 6.6 years, 961 of 5,138 patients experienced MACEs. Considering nonadherent patients (0–4 h/night) as the reference group, adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for MACEs were 0.87 (0.73–1.04) for the 4–6 h/night group, 0.75 (0.62–0.92) for the 6–7 h/night group, and 0.78 (0.65–0.93) for the ⩾7 h/night group (P = 0.0130). Sensitivity analyses using causal inference approaches confirmed the association of PAP use with MACEs. The association was stronger in male patients (P value for interaction = 0.0004), patients without overt CV disease at diagnosis (P < 0.0001), and those belonging to the excessively sleepy symptom subtype (P = 0.060). Conclusions: These real-life clinical data demonstrate a dose–response relationship between PAP adherence and incident MACEs in OSA. Patient support programs may help improve PAP adherence and CV outcomes in patients with OSA.
Machine Learning Analysis of Handgun Transactions to Predict Firearm Suicide Risk
Authors: Hannah S. Laqueur, Colette Smirniotis, Christopher McCort, Garen J. Wintemute
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Evidence suggests that limiting access to firearms among individuals at high risk of suicide can be an effective means of suicide prevention, yet accurately identifying those at risk to intervene remains a key challenge. Firearm purchasing records may offer a large-scale and objective data source for the development of tools to predict firearm suicide risk. <h3>Objective</h3> To test whether a statewide database of handgun transaction records, coupled with machine learning techniques, can be used to forecast firearm suicide risk. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This prognostic study used the California database of 4 976 391 handgun transaction records from 1 951 006 individuals from January 1, 1996, to October 6, 2015. Transaction-level random forest classification was implemented to predict firearm suicide risk, and the relative predictive power of features in the algorithm was estimated via permutation importance. Analyses were performed from December 1, 2020, to May 19, 2022. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The main outcome was firearm suicide within 1 year of a firearm transaction, derived from California death records (1996-2016). With the use of California's Dealer's Records of Sale (1996-2015), 41 handgun, transaction, purchaser, and community-level predictor variables were generated. <h3>Results</h3> There are a total of 4 976 391 transactions in the California's Dealer's Record of Sale database representing 1 951 006 individuals (1 525 754 men [78.2% of individuals]; mean [SD] age, 43.4 [13.9] years). Firearm suicide within 1 year occurred in 0.07% of handgun transactions (3278 transactions among 2614 individuals). A total of 38.6% of observed firearm suicides were among transactions classified in the highest-risk ventile (379 of 983 transactions), with 95% specificity. Among the small number of transactions with a random forest score above 0.95, more than two-thirds (24 of 35 [68.6%]) were associated with a purchaser who died by firearm suicide within 1 year. Important features included known risk factors, such as older age at first purchase, and previously unreported predictors, including distance to firearms dealer and month of purchase. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This prognostic study presented the first large-scale machine learning analysis of individual-level handgun transaction records. The results suggested the potential utility of such records in identifying high-risk individuals to aid suicide prevention efforts. It also identified handgun, individual, and community characteristics that have strong predictive relationships with firearm suicide and may warrant further study.
Short-term Outcomes of Corticosteroid Monotherapy in COVID-19–Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children—Handle With Caution
Authors: Shan Song
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

D. Sofia Villacis-Nunez, MD; Kaitlin Jones, MSN, RN, CPEN; Aysha Jabbar, MD; Lucie Fan, BS; Whitney Moore, PharmD; Andrew S. Peter, MD; Michaela Henderson, BA; Yijin Xiang, MPH; Michael S. Kelleman, MS, MPH; Whitney Sherry, MD; Shanmuganathan Chandrakasan, MD; Matthew E. Oster, MD, MPH; Preeti Jaggi, MD; Sampath Prahalad, MD, MSc
Human CD38 regulates B cell antigen receptor dynamic organization in normal and malignant B cells
Authors: Alessandro Camponeschi, Kathrin Kläsener, Timothy Sundell, Christina Lundqvist, Paul T. Manna, Negar Ayoubzadeh, Martina Sundqvist, Katrin Thorarinsdottir, Mariele Gatto, Marcella Visentini, Karin Önnheim, Alaitz Aranburu, Huamei Forsman, Olov Ekwall, Linda Fogelstrand, Inger Gjertsson, Michael Reth, Inga-Lill Mårtensson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2022)

CD38 is a multifunctional protein expressed on the surface of B cells in healthy individuals but also in B cell malignancies. Previous studies have suggested a connection between CD38 and components of the IgM class B cell antigen receptor (IgM-BCR) and its coreceptor complex. Here, we provide evidence that CD38 is closely associated with CD19 in resting B cells and with the IgM-BCR upon engagement. We show that targeting CD38 with an antibody, or removing this molecule with CRISPR/Cas9, inhibits the association of CD19 with the IgM-BCR, impairing BCR signaling in normal and malignant B cells. Together, our data suggest that CD38 is a new member of the BCR coreceptor complex, where it exerts a modulatory effect on B cell activation upon antigen recognition by regulating CD19. Our study also reveals a new mechanism where α-CD38 antibodies could be a valuable option in therapeutic approaches to B cell malignancies driven by aberrant BCR signaling.
Both Disease Activity and HLA–B27 Status Are Associated With Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Spondyloarthritis Patients
Authors: Magali Berland, Victoria Meslier, Samar Berreira Ibraim, Emmanuelle Le Chatelier, Nicolas Pons, Nicolas Maziers, Florence Thirion, Franck Gauthier, Florian Plaza Oñate, Jean‐Pierre Furet, Ariane Leboime, Roula Said‐Nahal, Florence Levenez, Nathalie Galleron, Benoît Quinquis, Philippe Langella, Stanislav Dusko Ehrlich, Maxime Breban
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2022)

Gut microbiome dysbiosis has previously been reported in spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients and could be critically involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder. The objectives of this study were to further characterize the microbiota structure in SpA patients and to investigate the relationship between dysbiosis and disease activity in light of the putative influence of the genetic background.Shotgun sequencing was performed on fecal DNA isolated from stool samples from 2 groups of adult volunteers: SpA patients (n = 102) and healthy controls (n = 63). A subset of the healthy controls comprised the age-matched siblings of patients whose HLA-B27 status was known. Changes in gut microbiota composition were assessed based on species diversity, enterotypes, and taxonomic and functional differences.Dysbiosis was confirmed in SpA patients as compared to healthy controls. The restriction of microbiota diversity was detected in patients with the most active disease, and the abundance of several bacterial species was correlated with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index score. Among healthy controls, significant differences in microbiota composition were also detected between the HLA-B27-positive and the HLA-B27-negative siblings of SpA patients. We highlighted a decreased abundance of several species of bacteria in SpA patients, especially those bacteria belonging to the Clostridiales order. Among the few species of bacteria showing increased abundance, Ruminococcus gnavus was one of the top differentiating species.These findings reveal that genetic background and level of disease activity are likely to influence the composition of the gut microbiota of patients with SpA. It may be appropriate for further research on chronic arthritis to focus on these key parameters.
Doxorubicin alone versus doxorubicin with trabectedin followed by trabectedin alone as first-line therapy for metastatic or unresectable leiomyosarcoma (LMS-04): a randomised, multicentre, open-label phase 3 trial
Authors: Patricia Pautier, Antoine Italiano, Sophie Piperno-Neumann, Christine Chevreau, Nicolas Penel, Nelly Firmin, Pascaline Boudou-Rouquette, François Bertucci, Corinne Balleyguier, Valérie Lebrun-Ly, Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Elsa Kalbacher, Aurélie Bardet, Emmanuelle Bompas, Olivier Collard, Nicolas Isambert, Cécile Guillemet, Maria Rios, Baptiste Archambaud, Florence Duffaud, Antoine ITALIANO, Patricia PAUTIER, Axel LECESNE, Sophie PIPERNO-NEUMANN, Christine CHEVREAU, Didier CUPISSOL, Nicolas PENEL, Jérôme ALEXANDRE, François BERTUCCI, Isabelle RAY-COQUARD, Valérie LEBRUN-LY, Elsa KALBACHER, Florence DUFFAUD, Corinne DELCAMBRE, Emmanuelle BOMPAS, Olivier COLLARD, Nicolas ISAMBERT, Cécile GUILLEMET, Patrick SOULIE, Maria RIOS, Esma SAADA-BOUZID
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2022)
Association of Sociodemographic Characteristics With US Medical Student Attrition
Authors: Mytien Nguyen, Sarwat I. Chaudhry, Mayur M. Desai, Candice Chen, Hyacinth R. C. Mason, William A. McDade, Tonya L. Fancher, Dowin Boatright
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Diversity in the medical workforce is critical to improve health care access and achieve equity for resource-limited communities. Despite increased efforts to recruit diverse medical trainees, there remains a large chasm between the racial and ethnic and socioeconomic composition of the patient population and that of the physician workforce. <h3>Objective</h3> To analyze student attrition from medical school by sociodemographic identities. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This retrospective cohort study included allopathic doctor of medicine (MD)–only US medical school matriculants in academic years 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. The analysis was performed from July to September 2021. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The main outcome was attrition, defined as withdrawal or dismissal from medical school for any reason. Attrition rate was explored across 3 self-reported marginalized identities: underrepresented in medicine (URiM) race and ethnicity, low income, and underresourced neighborhood status. Logistic regression was assessed for each marginalized identity and intersections across the 3 identities. <h3>Results</h3> Among 33 389 allopathic MD–only medical school matriculants (51.8% male), 938 (2.8%) experienced attrition from medical school within 5 years. Compared with non-Hispanic White students (423 of 18 213 [2.3%]), those without low income (593 of 25 205 [2.3%]), and those who did not grow up in an underresourced neighborhood (661 of 27 487 [2.4%]), students who were URiM (Hispanic [110 of 2096 (5.2%); adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.41; 95% CI, 1.13-1.77], non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander [13 of 118 (11.0%); aOR, 3.20; 95% CI, 1.76-5.80], and non-Hispanic Black/African American [120 of 2104 (5.7%); aOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.13-1.77]), those who had low income (345 of 8184 [4.2%]; aOR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.15-1.54), and those from an underresourced neighborhood (277 of 5902 [4.6%]; aOR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.16-1.58) were more likely to experience attrition from medical school. The rate of attrition from medical school was greatest among students with all 3 marginalized identities (ie, URiM, low income, and from an underresourced neighborhood), with an attrition rate 3.7 times higher than that among students who were not URiM, did not have low income, and were not from an underresourced neighborhood (7.3% [79 of 1086] vs 1.9% [397 of 20 353];<i>P</i> &lt; .001). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This retrospective cohort study demonstrated a significant association of medical student attrition with individual (race and ethnicity and family income) and structural (growing up in an underresourced neighborhood) measures of marginalization. The findings highlight a need to retain students from marginalized groups in medical school.
Correspondence on “Safety of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: results from the EULAR Coronavirus Vaccine (COVAX) physician-reported registry” by Machado<i>et al</i>
Authors: Rim Bourguiba, Marion Delplanque, Léa Savey, Veronique Hentgen, Gilles Grateau, Sophie Georgin-lavialle
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)
A bivalent SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody combination does not affect the immunogenicity of a vector-based COVID-19 vaccine in macaques
Authors: Joseph P. Nkolola, Jingyou Yu, Huahua Wan, Aiquan Chang, Katherine McMahan, Tochi Anioke, Catherine Jacob-Dolan, Olivia Powers, Tianyi Ye, Abishek Chandrashekar, Daniel Sellers, Julia Barrett, Yueh-Ming Loo, Mark T. Esser, Robert H. Carnahan, James E. Crowe, Dan H. Barouch
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2022)

Human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target the spike glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) offer a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Given suboptimal global vaccination rates, waning immunity in vaccinated individuals, and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, the use of mAbs for COVID-19 prevention may increase and may need to be administered together with vaccines in certain settings. However, it is unknown whether administration of mAbs will affect the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Using an adenovirus vector–based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, we show that simultaneous administration of the vaccine with SARS-CoV-2 mAbs does not diminish vaccine-induced humoral or cellular immunity in cynomolgus macaques. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 mAbs and viral vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines can be administered together without loss of potency of either product. Additional studies will be required to evaluate coadministration of mAbs with other vaccine platforms.
Short-term Outcomes of Corticosteroid Monotherapy in COVID-19–Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children—Handle With Caution—Reply
Authors: D. Sofia Villacis-Nunez, Sampath Prahalad, Preeti Jaggi
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

Short-term Outcomes of Corticosteroid Monotherapy in COVID-19–Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children—Handle With Caution
Association Between a Distinctive Autoantibody-Associated Brainstem Sensory Syndrome and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Valentina Damato, Antonio Berretta, Sudarshini Ramanathan, Sophia Michael, Nicholas Coupe, Miranda Payne, Sarosh R. Irani
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Obesity and Weight Management for Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Cherry Jiang, Adam S. Cifu, Susan Sam
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
At a Crossroads—Reconsidering the Goals of Autism Early Behavioral Intervention From a Neurodiversity Perspective
Authors: Geraldine Dawson, Lauren Franz, S. Brandsen
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

This Viewpoint discusses the use of a strengths-based approach to define outcome measures and emphasize the unique abilities of autistic individuals in an effort to promote positive self-esteem and potentially reduce the high rates of depression and anxiety experienced by youth with autism.
Are the Pieces Starting to Come Together for Management of Desmoid Tumors?
Authors: Anna C. Greene, Brian A. Van Tine
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Summary Desmoid tumor research is changing how desmoid tumors are managed with the prospective documentation that growing desmoid tumors spontaneously regress one third of the time. Patient partnership through the Desmoid Research Tumor Foundation and academia is leading to rapid advancement in desmoid tumor biology understanding and treatment. See related articles by Colombo et al., p. 4027, Nathenson et al., p. 4092, and Penel et al., p. 4105
Effect of Ultrasonography-Guided Corticosteroid Injection vs Placebo Added to Exercise Therapy for Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Finn Johannsen, Jens Lykkegaard Olesen, Tommy Frisgaard Øhlenschläger, Mathilde Lundgaard-Nielsen, Camilla Kjaer Cullum, Anna Svarre Jakobsen, Michael Skovdal Rathleff, Peter Stig Magnusson, Michael Kjær
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Corticosteroid injections and exercise therapy are commonly used to treat chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy, but the evidence for this combination is limited. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the effect of corticosteroid injection and exercise therapy compared with placebo injection and exercise therapy for patients with Achilles tendinopathy. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This was a participant-blinded, physician-blinded, and assessor-blinded randomized clinical trial of patients with Achilles tendinopathy verified by ultrasonography. Assessment of pain and function were conducted at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Patients were recruited from a university medical clinic and a private rheumatology clinic in Denmark between April 2016 and September 2018. Data analysis was performed from June to September 2021. <h3>Interventions</h3> Corticosteroid injection and placebo injection were performed with ultrasonography guidance. Exercise therapy was based on previous trials and consisted of 3 exercises done every second day. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome was the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment–Achilles (VISA-A) score (range, 1-100, with 100 representing no symptoms) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included pain measured using a 100-mm Visual Analog Scale for morning pain and pain during exercise (with higher scores indicating worse pain), global assessment (Likert scale), and tendon thickness. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 100 patients were included, with 52 randomized to placebo (mean age, 46 years [95% CI, 44-48 years]; 32 men [62%]) and 48 randomized to corticosteroid injection (mean age, 47 years [95% CI, 45-49 years]; 28 men [58%]). Patients in the 2 groups had similar height (mean [SD], 177 [8] cm), weight (mean [SD], 79 [12] kg), and VISA-A score (mean [SD], 46 [18]) at baseline. The group receiving exercise therapy combined with corticosteroid injections had a 17.7-point (95% CI, 8.4-27.0 points;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) larger improvement in VISA-A score compared with patients receiving exercise therapy combined with placebo injections at 6 months. No severe adverse events were observed in either group, and there was no deterioration in the long term (2-year follow-up). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Corticosteroid injections combined with exercise therapy were associated with better outcomes in the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy compared with placebo injections and exercise therapy. A combination of exercise therapy and corticosteroid injection should be considered in the management of long-standing Achilles tendinopathy. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT02580630