tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Calculating the Interindividual Geometric Standard Deviation for Use in the Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children
Authors: Susan Griffin, Allan Marcus, Terry Schulz, Susan Walker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

The integrated exposure uptake biokinetic (IEUBK) model, recommended for use by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency at residential Superfund sites to predict potential risks to children from lead exposure and to establish lead remediation levels, requires an interindividual geometric standard deviation (GSDi) as an essential input parameter. The GSDi quantifies the variability of blood lead concentrations for children exposed to similar environmental concentrations of lead. Estimates of potential risks are directly related to the GSDi, and therefore the GSDi directly impacts the scope of remediation at Superfund sites. Site-specific GSDi can be calculated for sites where blood lead and environmental lead have been measured. This paper uses data from blood and environmental lead studies conducted at the Bingham Creek and Sandy, Utah, Superfund sites to calculate GSDi using regression modeling, box modeling, and structural equation modeling. GSDis were calculated using various methods for treating values below the analytical method detection and quantitation limits. Treatment of nonquantifiable blood lead concentrations affected the GSDi more than the statistical method used to calculate the GSDi. For any given treatment, the different statistical methods produced similar GSDis. Because of the uncertainties associated with data in the blood lead studies, we recommend that a range of GSDis be used when analyzing site-specific risks associated with exposure to environmental lead instead of a single estimate. Because the different statistical methods produce similar GSDis, we recommend a simple procedure to calculate site-specific GSDi from a scientifically sound blood and environmental lead study.
Impact des prothèses métalliques et plastiques sur la cytologie par aspiration et l’histologie guidée par échoendoscopie de la tête du pancreas
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

La présence d'une prothèse biliaire peut rendre difficile l'évaluation par échoendoscopie haute (EEH) des lésions solides pancréatiques en raison de la mauvaise qualité de l’image échographique.
Prevalence of IgE Antibodies to Grain and Grain Dust in Grain Elevator Workers
Authors: Daniel M. Lewis, Peggy A. Romeo, Stephen A. Olenchock
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

IgE-mediated allergic reactions have been postulated to contribute to respiratory reactions seen in workers exposed to grain dusts. In an attempt better to define the prevalence of IgE antibodies in workers exposed to grain dusts, we performed the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) on worker sera using both commercial allergens prepared from grain and worksite allergens prepared from grain dust samples collected at the worksite. We found that the two types of reagents identified different populations with respect to the specificity of IgE antibodies present. The RAST assay performed using worksite allergens correlated well with skin test procedures. These results may allow us to gain better understanding of allergy associated with grain dust exposure, and document the utility of the RAST assay in assessment of occupational allergies.
Highlights
Journal: JAMA (2016)

In a randomized trial that enrolled 346 adults who lived in a confl ict-aff ected area of Pakistan and were impaired by psychological distress, Rahman and colleagues assessed the effi cacy of a multicomponent behavioral intervention-delivered by lay health workersto address stress-related mental health issues.The authors report that compared with enhanced usual care (psychoeducation and an opportunity to talk in a supportive environment), the lay health worker-administered intervention, which included strategies of problem solving, behavioral activation, social support, and stress management, resulted in clinically signifi cant reductions in anxiety and depressive symptoms at 3 months.In an Editorial, Neugebauer discusses progress in the evaluation of mental health interventions in resource poor countries.
DIABETIC COMA
Authors: ELLIOTT P. JOSLIN
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Two considerations led to the preparation of this report regarding our recent experience in the treatment of diabetic coma: A growing realization that diabetic coma is an acute deficiency state, a condition in which the primary disturbance is a lack of insulin. In treatment, this fact should be the feature kept most prominently in mind by the physician. Everything else is secondary to the energetic supplying of really adequate amounts of insulin, regardless of how many units this may mean. We regard as regrettable the tendency of some clinicians in their talks and writings to wander away from this fundamental idea for the successful treatment of diabetic acidosis. Without large amounts of insulin given early, maximal success can never be obtained despite the carrying out of other secondary measures, chiefly the supplying of fluid and electrolytes abundantly, however physiologically sound they may be in their own right. The
Choline transport in rat liver basolateral plasma membrane vesicles
Authors: R Moseley
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Previous studies have demonstrated several pathways for the sinusoidal uptake of endogenous and exogenous organic cations, including two distinct organic cation:H+ exchanges and a separate carrier-mediated system driven by the inside-negative membrane potential. In this study, the driving force(s) for the uptake of the endogenous quaternary amine, choline, were determined in rat liver basolateral plasma membrane (blLPM) vesicles. Choline uptake into an osmotically sensitive space was not stimulated by an outwardly directed H+ or inwardly directed Na+ gradient. Instead, an inside-negative K+ diffusion potential stimulated choline uptake, suggesting the presence of a conductive pathway for choline uptake in bILPM vesicles. Conductive choline uptake was confirmed by inducing variable changes in the transmembrane potential with anions of different membrane permeability. Choline uptake in blLPM vesicles exhibitied (1) temperature dependency; (2) trans-stimulation; and (3) saturability, with an approximate Michaelis constant (Km) of 0.34 mmol/L and maximum velocity (Vmax) of 0.45 nmol/mg protein/15 s. Choline uptake in blLPM vesicles was cis-inhibited by the structurally similar derivative, hemicholinium-3 and acetylcholine, but not by substrates for other organic cation transport processes identified in blLPM vesicles, including thiamine, tetraethylammonium (TEA), tri-n-butyl-methylammonium (TBuMA), and N′-methylnicotinamide (NMN). These findings demonstrate an electrogenic pathway on the sinusoidal membrane for the uptake of this essential nutrient and support the existence of multiple pathways for the sinusoidal uptake of endogenous and exogenous organic cations.
Traffic fatalities in a system with decentralized trauma care. A study with special reference to potentially salvageable casualties
Authors: A. Ottosson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To evaluate a system with decentralized trauma care, a review was made of all 158 traffic fatalities in 1981 in the southern part of Sweden. The region has 15 well-equipped and well-staffed small- and medium-sized hospitals and two university hospitals with extensive resources. The patients are usually brought by ambulance to the closest receiving facility. Only three persons could possibly have been saved—one suffering from a lacerated femoral artery and two patients in whose cases missed diagnoses (eg, bowel rupture or cardiac tamponade) might have contributed to the fatal outcome. The present investigation reveals that high survival rates after traffic trauma can be achieved with a conventional Swedish trauma care system. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:2668-2671)
Gallium edetate 68Ga experiences in brain-lesion detection with the positron camera
Authors: L. R. Schaer
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Gallium 68 is a positron-emitting radioisotope with a half-life of 68 minutes. It is easily prepared in the form of gallium edetate<sup>68</sup>Ga (<sup>68</sup>Ga-EDTA) from a long-lasting germanium-gallium cow. This tracer compound accumlates in most brain tumors and, using the positron form of the scintillation camera, pictures of the distribution of this radioisotope in the patient's head can be obtained. The lesions appear as an area of increased uptake of the radioisotope. In a series of 96 carefully observed patients, 41 cases with subsequently proved abnormalities were accurately diagnosed by this method. Nine cases with abnormalities were missed. Low radiation hazard to the patient, ease of preparation, and constant availability of the tracer compound at low cost make this radioisotope an excellent tracer for localizing brain tumors in conjunction with the positron scintillation camera.
Computerized biofeedback training aids in spinal injury rehabilitation
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1985)

"Motor learning by trial and error"—the result of biofeedback training that uses essentially the same method people employ unconsciously in learning to ride a bicycle—may be a key to more mobility for many persons with spinal cord injury, according to a report made at the National Spinal Cord Injury Association convention in Boston. Bernard S. Brucker, PhD, assistant professor of orthopedics and rehabilitation director of the BBiofeedback Laboratory at Jackson Memorial Rehabilitation Center, University of Miami (Fla) School of Medicine, told the assembled group of physicians and other medical scientists, physical therapists, nurses, and patients in wheelchairs that computerized biofeedback techniques offer the best means yet for training spinally injured persons—with some intact neural tissue—to activate useful motion in their limbs. "Patients are taught to take the focus off the limb," Brucker explains, "and put it on neurosignal combinations." Almost all rehabilitation centers use biofeedback techniques to some extent. However,
Abstract P022: Determinants of Energy Balance: Differences Related to Body Weight and Body Composition
Authors: Gregory A Hand, Robin P Shook, Jason R Jaggers, Amanda Paluch, Vivek K Prasad, Stephanie Burgess, James Hebert, Steven N Blair
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Conversion, utilization and storage of energy in the regulation of energy balance is poorly understood. These misconceptions arise from confusion related to energy balance and its impact on body weight and composition, and can bias the interpretation of findings that are important for the development of policies addressing the obesity epidemic. PURPOSE: Our purpose was to examine the regulation of interactions between total daily energy intake (TDEI) and energy expenditure (TDEE) in healthy adults. METHODS: Adults not limited by gender, race or ethnicity (n=430; aged 21 to 40; BMI of 20 to 35) participated in a battery of physiological, anthropomorphic, behavioral and psychological measurements that are associated with energy balance regulation. The primary components of energy balance regulation (TDEI and TDEE) were measured by 3 random 24-hour dietary recalls and SenseWear accelerometry, respectively. Body composition was determined by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Absolute and relative resting metabolic rates (aRMR and rRMR) were determined through hooded indirect calorimetry. General linear modeling was used to examine the relationships of weight and body fatness with TDEI and macronutrient composition as well as the largest components of TDEE including aRMR, rRMR and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE). In addition, data were compared between participants with a healthy body fat % (below 25; n=123) and obese (at or above 30%; n=241). RESULTS: All results were adjusted for age, gender and race. TDEE was positively associated (r=.47, p&lt;.001) with TDEI. There was a positive association between aRMR (L/min) and weight (r=.743, p&lt;.001). By contrast, rRMR (ml/kg/min) was inversely correlated with body weight (r= -.38; p&lt;.001). TDEI was significantly higher in the lean group (2465±66 to 1878±42, p&lt;.001) with no measureable differences in macronutrient percentages. The lean group had a higher TDEE and PAEE as compared to the obese group. CONCLUSIONS: There was a robust matching of TDEI and TDEE across weight and body composition ranges. Heavy people burned more calories than lighter people although the lighter individuals had a higher rRMR. The leaner group had a higher TDEI, reflecting a potential regulation based on the greater TDEE in this group. Further, the increased TDEE could be explained by the higher PAEE (approximately 500 kcal) in leaner individuals. These findings emphasize that energy expenditure is related to mass rather than body composition. The regulation of energy intake and body composition is multifactorial, with PAEE a significant determinant for energy storage. This study was funded through an unrestricted grant from The Coca-Cola Company.
Present Status of ACTH Therapy in Multiple Sclerisis
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A family practice residency network. Affiliated programs in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: J. P. Geyman
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The Department of Family Medicine at the University of Washington School of Medicine has developed a regional network of affiliated family practice residency programs in the Pacific Northwest. Collaborative efforts among the seven participating programs are directed to common needs such as curriculum development, sharing of educational resources, program evaluation, problem-solving of operational programs, and coordination of resident rotations. This family practice residency network is a logical and necessary extension of the program that has been developed in Washington, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho for teaching medical students. Regional undergraduate and graduate teaching programs in family practice represent an important role for the university relating to its surrounding region through the collaborative efforts of the medical school and participating hospitals and physicians in the community. (<i>JAMA</i>240:369-371, 1978)
Secondary syphilis
Authors: K. Yoganathan, S. Danino, M. Cotter, N. Berry, R. Logan
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Neurotransmitter release occurs either synchronously with action potentials (evoked release) or spontaneously (spontaneous release). Whether the molecular mechanisms underlying evoked and spontaneous release are identical, especially whether voltage-gated Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels (VGCCs) can trigger spontaneous events, is still a matter of debate in glutamatergic synapses. To elucidate this issue, we characterized the VGCC dependence of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in various synapses with different coupling distances between VGCCs and synaptic vesicles, known as a critical factor in evoked release. We found that most of the extracellular calcium-dependent mEPSCs were attributable to VGCCs in cultured autaptic hippocampal neurons and the mature calyx of Held where VGCCs and vesicles were tightly coupled. Among loosely coupled synapses, mEPSCs were not VGCC-dependent at immature calyx of Held and CA1 pyramidal neuron synapses, whereas VGCCs contribution was significant at CA3 pyramidal neuron synapses. Interestingly, the contribution of VGCCs to spontaneous glutamate release in CA3 pyramidal neurons was abolished by a calmodulin antagonist, calmidazolium. These data suggest that coupling distance between VGCCs and vesicles determines VGCC dependence of spontaneous release at tightly coupled synapses, yet VGCC contribution can be achieved indirectly at loosely coupled synapses. <h3>Highlights</h3> Extracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> -dependent spontaneous glutamate release is mediated by VGCCs. Ca<sup>2+</sup> cooperativity of spontaneous and evoked release is comparable. Synapses at different areas and ages show distinct VGCC dependence on mini events. Nanodomain coupling between VGCCs and Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensors determines VGCC dependence.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN KIDNEY
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 9950: Patients With Depressive Symptoms Experienced Substantial Adverse Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gokturk Ipek, Bobak Heydari, Shuaib Abdullah, Damien Mandry, Jiazhuo H Feng, Elliot Antman, Micheal Jerosh-Herold, Raymond Y Kwong
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Mechanisms underlying post-MI depression and cardiac events in CAD patients remain poorly understood. The OMEGA-REMODEL Study is a randomized double-blind trial assessing for any benefical effects of post-MI LV remodeling by high-dose Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs). As a post-hoc analysis, we tested the hypothesis that patients with higher depression scores experienced more severe adverse post-MI remodeling. Methods: 358 patients with acute MI were randomized to placebo or 4g/d n-3 FAs with 2-4 weeks post-MI. All patients underwent Hamilton Depression Scale, cardiac MRI, inflammatory biomarkers, and red cell n-3 index at baseline and after 6 months of study drug. Patients were stratified by median depression score as DEP and non-DEP. Results: Demographics and baseline LV measurements are shown in Table 1. N-3 FAs assignment resulted in significant improvement in LVESV compared to placebo. Compared to patients without DEP at baseline, those with DEP had slightly smaller LVEDV but similar LVESV, LVEF and infarct size. However, patients with DEP experienced marked expansion of LVEDV and LVESV compared to patients without DEP during the 6 months study period (P=0.007 and 0.02, respectively). N-3 FAs appeared to benefit LV remodeling of patients with or without DEP. Inflammatory markers did not correlate with the severity of the adverse LV remodeling. Conclusion: In conclusion, patients with DEP were substantially more likely to experience adverse cardiac remodeling which may account for the adverse cardiac outcomes of post MI depression. Table 1: Baseline Features and Changes in Cardiac Parameters
Technique clinique d'examen complet du système nerveux.
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
FORMALDEHYDE GENERATOR.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Facing Uncertainty
Authors: Cristina Thomas, Anand Vaidya, David J. Kwiatkowski, Deepak A. Rao, Ruth Ann Vleugels
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

A 57-year-old woman presented to the dermatology clinic for evaluation of a facial rash that had been present for 1 year. She reported a 2-week history of productive cough and worsening shortness of breath despite completion of a course of levofloxacin. She had a 42 pack-year history of cigarette smoking. . . .