tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Methadone treatment and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic
Authors: V. P. Dole
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic has scored a near miss on society: the virus could have wiped out New York City as a functioning urban capital if it had been transmissible by the respiratory route. As it is, the problem is bad enough. A single exposure to an infected individual through sexual contact or shared injection equipment can transmit a lethal infection. While the rather special circumstances of transmission may be reassuring to individuals not knowingly involved in risk behavior, the disease can reach innocent victims (sexual partners, babies, recipients of transfusions) and, in any event, will strain the capacity of the health care system during coming years. The Department of Health, New York City, projects more than 40 000 new infections during the next 5 years and a continued rise in incidence after that if present trends continue. Of course, new and better medicines for treatment of the
Bacterial invasion of the biliary system by way of the portal-venous system
Authors: J Sung
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

It has been suggested that bacteria in the intestine gain access into the biliary tract by entering the portal-venous blood. We have tested the hypothesis of hematogenous infection of the biliary system in cats. The animals were treated in three different groups: group A (no biliary obstruction), group B (acute biliary obstruction) and group C (chronic biliary obstruction). A mutant strain of Escherichia coli was infused into the splenic vein of cats at three different dosages (107, 105 and 103) with sham controls. In the unobstructed biliary system, the mutant E. coli was isolated from the bile 30 min and 90 min after the infusion of 107 and 105 E. coli, respectively. No bacteria were found in the bile with the infusion of 103 E. coli and in the control animals. Bile flow was significantly reduced with the infusion of bacteria. The biliary excretion of E. coli in group B was similar to that in group A. In group C, the bile output in the first hour was very high but declined rapidly. E. coli was excreted into the bile at all three dosages of infusion after 30 min. Histological sections of the liver showed that the infused bacteria entered the sinusoidal blood and that some were phagocytosed by Kupffer cells. The portal-venous blood was considered an important route of bacterial invasion into the biliary system, and the penetration of bacteria was facilitated in biliary obstruction. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:313–317.)
Washington, D. C.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In Reply:
Authors: Nicholas J. Vogelzang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

drugs.This information should be easily obtainable from the hospital cancer registries.(5) The authors do not relate how the diagnosis was made.Clearly, those who had a thoracotomy for diagnosis are more accurately staged; thoracoscopic staging may not be comparable.We should know the methods of diagnosis in each group.( 6) We clinicians would like to know the outcomes of those who received neither thoracotomy nor chemotherapy.Several retrospective studies from the 1980s indicated that thoracotomy and whatever surgical procedure was performed did not lead to better outcomes. 5 Since only the youngest and fittest with early-stage disease were subjected to thoracotomy, presumably, thoracotomy and other surgical procedures shortened life span compared with the best supportive care.We will not know if this remains the case until thoracoscopically diagnosed patients without further resection and chemotherapy are used as a control group.Our own series of 26 consecutive mesothelioma patients presenting with large pleural effusions lived for a mean duration of 23 Ϯ 13 months (median, 19 months) when thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis was the primary mode of therapy. 6 Our study suffers from not having a randomized, aggressively treated group to compare.(7) Staging with positron emission tomography scans is available in some centers, which may or may not have excluded some patients from the trial.Are the numbers of positron emission tomography scans equal in the two treatment groups?(8) We recently reported that mesothelioma patients with pleural pH less than 7.32 lived for 13 months, while those with pH more than 7.32 lived an average of 27.4 months.Pleural pH data should be part of the staging process. 7(9) If the requested data is difficult to retrieve in retrospect, it must surely be included in the "multicenter study open for accrual later this year," referred to in the editorial. 2(10) An underlying presumption inherent in recent mesothelioma studies is that the International Mesothelioma Interest Group TNM staging technique permits comparisons of groups of patients without a randomized control group of "best supportive care."Nevertheless, some recent studies failed to correlate TNM staging with survival after thoracoscopy or with thoracotomy, unless additional factors were considered 7,8 -All the more reason to include a control group with thoracoscopic talc poudrage in future studies!The pemetrexed study-requiring great expenditure of time and funds-is a prodigious and courageous effort to palliate a horrible, so-far incurable disease.These studies deserve our strong support.However, providing further information as indicated above will make the data in this study and subsequent ones more meaningful.
Clinical use of prostaglandins.
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The Upjohn Company held a meeting at Kalamazoo, Michigan during June 1972 to discuss the clinical use of prostaglandins (PG) in the induction of labor, the termination of pregnancy, and the regulation of menstruation. Clinicians from many parts of the world presented their findings at the meeting. Several trials were reported in which PGE2 and PGF2alpha were compared in the induction of labor, using a double-blind technique. Although many workers were able to report on only a small number of patients, Professor S.M.M. Karim of Uganda presented data on induction of labor in 1500 women over 2 years with both PGE2 and PGF2alpha. Karim reported more successes than other workers with the intravenous route of administration. Using this route severe gastrointestinal side effects were found in some patients. The early work of Karim and Max Bygdeman et al. (Stockholm), using intravenous infusion of PGF2alpha and PGE2 to induce abortion, was marked by severe gastrointestinal side effects, and new routes of administration have been developed. These new routes are administration of prostaglandins by intrauterine infusion, using a cannula which is placed either extra- or intra-amniotically, and a transabdominal intra-amniotic route. Another route of administration is intravaginal application, either in the form of tampons or pessaries. The final paper was on the possible use of prostaglandins to regulate menstruation. The "once-a-month pill" using prostaglandins to regulate menstruation is a long way from being a practicality.
优化防晒霜使用以防止假日红斑
Authors: J. Narbutt, P.A. Philipsen, G.I. Harrison, K.A. Morgan, K.P. Lawrence, K.A. Baczynska, K. Grys, M. Rogowski‐Tylman, I. Olejniczak‐Staruch, A. Tewari, M. Bell, C. O'Connor, H.C. Wulf, A. Lesiak, A.R. Young
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

在英国,皮肤癌发病率的增速比其他形式癌症更快。此病中致死性最强的形式为黑色素瘤皮肤癌,现在所影响的人数比 28 年前增多了128%。已知防晒系数 (SPF) 在按 2 mg /cm2 外用防晒霜时可以保护皮肤免于日晒伤。但是,当在假期时,人们通常只外用 0.8 mg / cm2 防晒霜 此研究旨在确定每天暴露于日光的假期中的通常防晒霜使用是否会导致诸如日晒伤等皮肤癌风险因素。参与者们在 Tenerife 度过一周,Tenerife 是一个紫外线指数非常高的地区。22 名参与者在无指导情况下自行使用他们的防晒霜,向 40 名参与者提供 SPF 15 防晒霜和有效使用的指南(每天三次,2 mg /cm2)。发现遵守通常防晒霜使用方式的参与者中日晒伤和其他与皮肤癌相关风险因素的水平显著高于遵守优化使用指南以达到 SPF 15 的参与者。遵守 SPF 15 防晒霜有效使用指南的个体在 5 个身体暴露部位没有发生日晒伤。这项研究的结果强调了防晒霜的通常使用在大部分人群中不能提供充分的日光防护。不仅如此,它还证实日晒伤与皮肤癌的发生风险增高相关。因此,通过教育公众如何正确使用防晒霜来获得充足的 SPF 可能是防止皮肤癌的一个重要措施。
Legislating Drug Prescribing Practices
Authors: Roger J. Venable
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —One of the most significant findings cited by Dr Shorr and colleagues<sup>1</sup>is that having more nursing personnel results in a greater ability to decrease the use of neuroleptic drugs. This is a finding of profound importance. It suggests that if legislators wish to decrease the use of these drugs, one way to do so is to increase staffing. It also suggests that some nursing homes in Tennessee are understaffed and, perhaps, that the greater use of these drugs is necessary when there is low staffing. Unfortunately, the importance of this finding was obscured by the authors' emphasis on the effect that the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (OBRA-87) had on physicians' prescribing habits. Staffing may be an intervening variable that affects much of the drug use data in the study. One might suppose that if Tennessee nursing home staffs were being bolstered during or
National Institutes of Health Centennial Symposium and Reunion
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Journal Article National Institutes of Health Centennial Symposium and Reunion Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 78, Issue 4, April 1987, Page 786, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/78.4.786-a Published: 01 April 1987
Phase I-II study of IV vinorelbine (NVB) and oxaliplatin (OXP) every two weeks (q2w) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC): Interim results of the phase II trial
Authors: A. Guerrero, A. Rodriguez-Lescure, S. Servitja, L. Calvo Martínez, S. del Barco, A. Llombart, V. Pons, G. Gutierrez, J. Gayo, I. Tusquets
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

1104 Background: The combination of NVB and OXP was shown to be effective for the treatment of NSCLC. We designed a scheme for first line MBC consisting of administering IV NVB and OXP q2w to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), recommended doses (RDs) and safety. The phase II part was planned to confirm the clinical efficacy and safety of the combination. Methods: 38 chemonaive patients (pts) with MBC were accrued in the phase II part of the study (recruitment still ongoing). As previously reported for the phase I part, RDs consisted of NVB 30 mg/m² with OXP 90 mg/m² both administered every 2 weeks. Results: Median age 58 y (range; 33–83), 25 pts (65.8%) received prior (neo)adjuvant CT. Karnofsky performance status 100%, 65.7%; 90%, 25.7%; 80%, 7.9%. Sites of metastasis included liver (34.2%), lung (44.7%), bone (50%), soft tissue (10.5%). Local relapse in 10 pts (26.3%). 3 pt were not evaluable for efficacy. Among the 35 pts evaluable, 23 pts achieved objective responses (OR 65.7%, 95% CI, 47.8% to 80.9%) among them 11.4% with complete response; 54.3% partial response, 14.3% pts had a stable disease and 20% presented progressive disease. With a median follow-up of 7.2 months (range 1.9–36.7), median survival is 19.4 months (95% CI, 17.2–21.5). Median progression-free survival has not been reached. All patients were evaluable for safety. A total of 253 cycles (cy) were administered. This regimen was well tolerated with neutropenia WHO grade 3–4 observed in 13.9% cy (44.7% pts). Nonhematologic toxicity was mild and manageable, with fatigue grade 3 reported in 8 cy (3 pts), constipation grade 3 in 2 cy (1 pt) and neurotoxicity grade 3 in 3 cy (3 pts). Conclusions: The combination of NVB and OXP as first-line treatment is a highly active, well tolerated and convenient regimen in pts with MBC. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Pierre Fabre Iberica
The National Dispensatory. Containing the Natural History, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Actions and Uses of Medicines, including those recognized in the Pharmacopœias of the United States, Great Britain and Germany, with numerous references to the French Codex.
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The politics of local tobacco control
Authors: B Samuels, S A Glantz
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Until the nonsmokers' rights movement, tobacco control activity was at the federal or state levels, which is where the tobacco industry dominates. Since the appearance of the nonsmokers' rights movement, progress in tobacco control has occurred primarily at the local level. In response to the success of this movement, the tobacco industry has developed "smokers' rights" groups and other tactics to fight local legislation. Several recent local campaigns in California illustrate these tactics. Tobacco control forces follow many paths, from sitting on the sidelines to making a serious commitment to smoking control legislation. Despite the tobacco industry's superior financial resources, the outcome of proposed local tobacco control legislation appears to depend on how seriously the health advocates mobilize in support of the local legislation. When the health community makes a serious commitment of time and resources, it wins. When it fails to make such a commitment, the tobacco industry prevails, more by default than by its superior financial resources.
NITROGLYCERINE IN GAS ASPHYXIA.
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evaluation of a New Antibacterial Agent
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Can we alter survival in patients with congestive heart failure?
Authors: A. M. Feldman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the efficacy of pharmacologic therapy in improving survival in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) in the context of recent investigational studies having mortality as an end point. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —Data were obtained from English-language articles that reported both randomized and retrospective studies assessing the efficacy of pharmacologic therapy in the treatment of patients with CHF. The review included articles indexed under the terms<i>congestive heart failure and drug therapy</i>in the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE database. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —Studies selected for detailed review were those having mortality as a primary or secondary end point. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Guidelines for assessing data quality and validity included study size, double-blind and randomized design, the number of end points, the sensitivity and specificity of objective measurements, and the validity of the statistical analysis. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —Review of the existing literature demonstrates that pharmacologic agents that improve resting hemodynamics or exercise duration in patients with CHF may not necessarily prolong survival. However, recent studies demonstrate that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors prolong survival in patients with symptomatic CHF, while at the same time improving exercise capacity and left ventricular performance. Although less well tolerated, the combination of hydralazine hydrochloride and isosorbide dinitrate therapy also improves survival, but to a lesser degree. New agents show promise, but definitive assessment requires the results of large, randomized and double-blind studies having mortality as an end point. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Mortality is an important end point in assessing the efficacy of drugs for the treatment of CHF. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:1956-1961)
Canada's Health Care System
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

The health care systems of Western industrialized nations are shaped largely by a commitment to several essential but competing values: ready access, high quality, and reasonable cost. Canada has developed a provincially administered health insurance scheme that generally achieves all three of these goals, thus prompting the question: How has it accomplished this policy feat, particularly during an era in which the United States has placed its greatest emphasis on transforming the American delivery system according to market principles but has permitted the erosion of access to care for millions of uninsured citizens?The answer to this question derives from . . .
CONGENITAL CEREBRAL DIPLEGIA FOLLOWING EXTRA-UTERINE PREGNANCY.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Effect of Eltrombopag on Platelet Resistance to Apoptosis: The Role of the Bcl-Xl Pathway
Authors: W. Beau Mitchell, Michele N Edison, Mariana P Pinheiro, Nayla Boulad, Bethan Psaila, Marissa Karpoff, Kaplan David, Benjamin T. Kile, Michael J White, Emma C Josephson, James B Bussel
Journal: Blood (2011)
Physical and pharmacologic restraint of nursing home patients with dementia. Impact of specialized units
Authors: P. D. Sloane
Journal: JAMA (1991)

This case-control study of 31 specialized dementia units and 32 traditional units in five states investigated use of physical and pharmacologic restraints among 625 patients with the diagnosis of dementia. Physical restraints were observed in use on 18.1% of dementia unit patients and on 51.6% of comparison unit patients who were out of bed during the day (adjusted odds ratio, 0.283; 95% confidence interval, 0.129 to 0.619). Pharmacologic restraints were routinely given to 45.3% of dementia unit patients and 43.4% of comparison unit patients (adjusted odds ratio, 0.950; 95% confidence interval, 0.611 to 1.477). We used multivariate logistic regression to identify residence in a nonspecialized nursing home unit, nonambulatory status, transfer dependency, mental status impairment, hip fracture history, and a high nursing staff-to-patient ratio, which we found to be independent predictors of physical restraint use. Physically abusive behavior, severe mental status impairment, and frequent family visitation were found to be significant predictors of pharmacologic restraint use, while advanced patient age, large nursing home size, and patient nonambulatory status were protective against such use. These results support the conclusion that physical and pharmacologic restraints constitute separate treatment modalities with different risk factors for use, and indicate that specialized dementia units are successful in reducing the use of physical but not pharmacologic restraints. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:1278-1282)