tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Frailty With Health-Related Quality of Life in Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Jennifer C. Lai, Amy M. Shui, Andres Duarte-Rojo, Robert S. Rahimi, Daniel R. Ganger, Elizabeth C. Verna, Michael L. Volk, Matthew Kappus, Daniela P. Ladner, Brian Boyarsky, Dorry L. Segev, Ying Gao, Chiung-Yu Huang, Jonathan P. Singer
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Frailty has been recognized as a risk factor for mortality after liver transplant (LT) but little is known of its association with functional status and health-related quality of life (HRQL), termed global functional health, in LT recipients.To evaluate the association between pre-LT and post-LT frailty with post-LT global functional health.This prospective cohort study was conducted at 8 US LT centers and included adults who underwent LT from October 2016 to February 2020.Frail was defined by a pre-LT Liver Frailty Index (LFI) score of 4.5 or greater.Global functional health at 1 year after LT, assessed using surveys (Short Form-36 [SF-36; summarized by physical component scores (PFC) and mental component summary scores (MCS)], Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale) and performance-based tests (LFI, Fried Frailty Phenotype, and Short Physical Performance Battery).Of 358 LT recipients (median [IQR] age, 60 [53-65] years; 115 women [32%]; 25 [7%] Asian/Pacific Islander, 21 [6%] Black, 54 [15%] Hispanic White, and 243 [68%] non-Hispanic White individuals), 68 (19%) had frailty pre-LT. At 1 year post-LT, the median (IQR) PCS was lower in recipients who had frailty vs those without frailty pre-LT (42 [31-53] vs 50 [38-56]; P = .002), but the median MCS was similar. In multivariable regression, pre-LT frailty was associated with a -5.3-unit lower post-LT PCS (P < .001), but not MCS. The proportion who had difficulty with 1 or more Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (21% vs 10%) or who were unemployed/receiving disability (38% vs 29%) was higher in recipients with vs without frailty. In a subgroup of 210 recipients with LFI assessments 1 year post-LT, 13% had frailty at 1 year post-LT. Recipients who had frailty post-LT reported lower adjusted SF-36-PCS scores (coefficient, -11.4; P < .001) but not SF-36-MCS scores. Recipients of LT who had frailty vs those without frailty 1 year post-LT also had worse median (IQR) Fried Frailty Phenotype scores (1 [1-2] vs 1 [0-1]) and higher rates of functional impairment by a Short Physical Performance Battery of 9 or less (42% vs 20%; P = .01).In this cohort study, pre-LT frailty was associated with worse global functional health 1 year after LT. The presence of frailty after LT was also associated with worse HRQL in physical, but not mental, subdomains. These data suggest that interventions and therapeutics that target frailty that are administered before and/or early post-LT may help to improve the health and well-being of LT recipients.
Co-attention spatial transformer network for unsupervised motion tracking and cardiac strain analysis in 3D echocardiography
Authors: Shawn S. Ahn, Kevinminh Ta, Stephanie L. Thorn, John A. Onofrey, Inga H. Melvinsdottir, Supum Lee, Jonathan Langdon, Albert J. Sinusas, James S. Duncan
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2022)
Biological and pharmacological roles of m6A modifications in cancer drug resistance
Authors: Zaoqu Liu, Haijiao Zou, Qin Dang, Hui Xu, Long Liu, Yuyuan Zhang, Jinxiang Lv, Huanyun Li, Zhaokai Zhou, Xinwei Han
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2022)

Abstract Cancer drug resistance represents the main obstacle in cancer treatment. Drug-resistant cancers exhibit complex molecular mechanisms to hit back therapy under pharmacological pressure. As a reversible epigenetic modification, N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) RNA modification was regarded to be the most common epigenetic RNA modification. RNA methyltransferases (writers), demethylases (erasers), and m 6 A-binding proteins (readers) are frequently disordered in several tumors, thus regulating the expression of oncoproteins, enhancing tumorigenesis, cancer proliferation, development, and metastasis. The review elucidated the underlying role of m 6 A in therapy resistance. Alteration of the m 6 A modification affected drug efficacy by restructuring multidrug efflux transporters, drug-metabolizing enzymes, and anticancer drug targets. Furthermore, the variation resulted in resistance by regulating DNA damage repair, downstream adaptive response (apoptosis, autophagy, and oncogenic bypass signaling), cell stemness, tumor immune microenvironment, and exosomal non-coding RNA. It is highlighted that several small molecules targeting m 6 A regulators have shown significant potential for overcoming drug resistance in different cancer categories. Further inhibitors and activators of RNA m 6 A-modified proteins are expected to provide novel anticancer drugs, delivering the therapeutic potential for addressing the challenge of resistance in clinical resistance.
Data Sharing and the Growth of Medical Knowledge
Authors: Annette Flanagin, Gregory Curfman, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Darren B. Taichman, MD, PhD; Peush Sahni, MB, BS, MS, PhD; Anja Pinborg, MD; Larry Peiperl, MD; Christine Laine, MD, MPH; Astrid James, MB, BS; Sung-Tae Hong, MD, PhD; Abraham Haileamlak, MD; Laragh Gollogly, MD, MPH; Fiona Godlee, FRCP; Frank A. Frizelle, MB, ChB, FRACS; Fernando Florenzano, MD; Jeffrey M. Drazen, MD; Howard Bauchner, MD; Christopher Baethge, MD; Joyce Backus, MSLS
The histone methyltransferase MLL1/KMT2A in monocytes drives coronavirus-associated coagulopathy and inflammation
Authors: Sriganesh B. Sharma, William J. Melvin, Christopher O. Audu, Monica Bame, Nicole Rhoads, Weisheng Wu, Yogendra Kanthi, Jason S. Knight, Reheman Adili, Michael A. Holinstat, Thomas W. Wakefield, Peter K. Henke, Bethany B. Moore, Katherine A. Gallagher, Andrea T. Obi
Journal: Blood (2022)
Polypoid melanoma is associated with aggressive histopathological characteristics and poor clinical prognosis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Elisabeth A. Pedersen, Paul W. Harms, Lili Zhao, Aleodor A. Andea, Douglas R. Fullen, Lori Lowe, May P. Chan, Rajiv M. Patel, Alison B. Durham
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2022)
Changes in geographic accessibility to mammography by state and rural-urban status, United States, 2006-2022
Authors: Daniel Wiese, Farhad Islami, Kevin A Henry
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2022)

Although mammography is widely available in the United States, differences in accessibility in rural and urban areas and changes over time are not well described. In this study, we estimated the number and proportion of women aged 45-84 years who had limited travel time-based geographic accessibility to mammography by urban-rural status and state in the contiguous United States in 2006 and 2022. The proportion of women aged 45-84 years with limited accessibility to mammography did not substantially change from 2006 (12.7%; representing 7.5 million women) to 2022 (12.2%; 8.2 million women). Accessibility to mammography varied by state, but in 10 states, more than 26% of the statewide female population aged 45-84 years had limited accessibility in 2022. This proportion was substantially higher in rural areas (50.6% overall; ≥50% in 28 states in 2022) than in urban areas (3.0% overall). Increasing accessibility to mammography could increase utilization of breast cancer screening and, potentially, improve breast cancer survival.
Errors in Supplement
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

Lucia Magee, MBChB; Lucy P. Goldsmith, PhD; Umar A. R. Chaudhry, MBBS; Angela S. Donin, PhD; Charlotte Wahlich, DPsych; Elizabeth Stovold, MA; Claire M. Nightingale, PhD; Alicja R. Rudnicka, PhD; Christopher G. Owen, PhD
Association of wearable device-measured vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity with mortality
Authors: Emmanuel Stamatakis, Matthew N. Ahmadi, Jason M. R. Gill, Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani, Martin J. Gibala, Aiden Doherty, Mark Hamer
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)

Abstract Wearable devices can capture unexplored movement patterns such as brief bursts of vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA) that is embedded into everyday life, rather than being done as leisure time exercise. Here, we examined the association of VILPA with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality in 25,241 nonexercisers (mean age 61.8 years, 14,178 women/11,063 men) in the UK Biobank. Over an average follow-up of 6.9 years, during which 852 deaths occurred, VILPA was inversely associated with all three of these outcomes in a near-linear fashion. Compared with participants who engaged in no VILPA, participants who engaged in VILPA at the sample median VILPA frequency of 3 length-standardized bouts per day (lasting 1 or 2 min each) showed a 38%–40% reduction in all-cause and cancer mortality risk and a 48%–49% reduction in CVD mortality risk. Moreover, the sample median VILPA duration of 4.4 min per day was associated with a 26%–30% reduction in all-cause and cancer mortality risk and a 32%–34% reduction in CVD mortality risk. We obtained similar results when repeating the above analyses for vigorous physical activity (VPA) in 62,344 UK Biobank participants who exercised (1,552 deaths, 35,290 women/27,054 men). These results indicate that small amounts of vigorous nonexercise physical activity are associated with substantially lower mortality. VILPA in nonexercisers appears to elicit similar effects to VPA in exercisers, suggesting that VILPA may be a suitable physical activity target, especially in people not able or willing to exercise.
Long-term Telerehabilitation or Unsupervised Training at Home for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Paolo Zanaboni, Birthe Dinesen, Hanne Hoaas, Richard Wootton, Angela T. Burge, Rochelle Philp, Cristino Carneiro Oliveira, Janet Bondarenko, Torben Tranborg Jensen, Belinda R. Miller, Anne E. Holland
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

Despite the benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), many patients do not access or complete pulmonary rehabilitation, and long-term maintenance of exercise is difficult.
Environmental policy at a critical junction in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Carlos A. Peres, João Campos-Silva, Camila Duarte Ritter
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2022)

Wholesale conversion of natural Amazonian ecosystems has been encouraged by Brazil's extreme antienvironmental government, and historical forest loss explains municipal-scale voting prevalence. Embracing a new administration would strengthen local-to-regional governance, suppress illegal land grabbing, deforestation, logging, and gold mining, thereby protecting the world's most species-rich forest domain and ensuring global sustainability.
AZD1222-induced nasal antibody responses are shaped by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and correlate with virologic outcomes in breakthrough infection
Authors: Anastasia A. Aksyuk, Himanshu Bansal, Deidre Wilkins, Ann Marie Stanley, Stephanie Sproule, Jill Maaske, Satya Sanikommui, William R. Hartman, Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk, Ann R. Falsey, Elizabeth J. Kelly
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2022)

The nasal mucosa is an important initial site of host defense against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, intramuscularly administered vaccines typically do not achieve high antibody titers in the nasal mucosa. We measure anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA in nasal epithelial lining fluid (NELF) following intramuscular vaccination of 3,058 participants from the immunogenicity substudy of a phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of AZD1222 vaccination (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04516746). IgG is detected in NELF collected 14 days following the first AZD1222 vaccination. IgG levels increase with a second vaccination and exceed pre-existing levels in baseline-SARS-CoV-2-seropositive participants. Nasal IgG responses are durable and display strong correlations with serum IgG, suggesting serum-to-NELF transudation. AZD1222 induces short-lived increases to pre-existing nasal IgA levels in baseline-seropositive vaccinees. Vaccinees display a robust recall IgG response upon breakthrough infection, with overall magnitudes unaffected by time between vaccination and illness. Mucosal responses correlate with reduced viral loads and shorter durations of viral shedding in saliva.
Glofitamab for Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Michael J. Dickinson, Carmelo Carlo-Stella, Franck Morschhauser, Emmanuel Bachy, Paolo Corradini, Gloria Iacoboni, Cyrus Khan, Tomasz Wróbel, Fritz Offner, Marek Trněný, Shang-Ju Wu, Guillaume Cartron, Mark Hertzberg, Anna Sureda, David Perez-Callejo, Linda Lundberg, James Relf, Mark Dixon, Emma Clark, Kathryn Humphrey, Martin Hutchings
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

The prognosis for patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is poor. Glofitamab is a bispecific antibody that recruits T cells to tumor cells.In the phase 2 part of a phase 1-2 study, we enrolled patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL who had received at least two lines of therapy previously. Patients received pretreatment with obinutuzumab to mitigate cytokine release syndrome, followed by fixed-duration glofitamab monotherapy (12 cycles total). The primary end point was complete response according to assessment by an independent review committee. Key secondary end points included duration of response, survival, and safety.Of the 155 patients who were enrolled, 154 received at least one dose of any study treatment (obinutuzumab or glofitamab). At a median follow-up of 12.6 months, 39% (95% confidence interval [CI], 32 to 48) of the patients had a complete response according to independent review. Results were consistent among the 52 patients who had previously received chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (35% of whom had a complete response). The median time to a complete response was 42 days (95% CI, 42 to 44). The majority (78%) of complete responses were ongoing at 12 months. The 12-month progression-free survival was 37% (95% CI, 28 to 46). Discontinuation of glofitamab due to adverse events occurred in 9% of the patients. The most common adverse event was cytokine release syndrome (in 63% of the patients). Adverse events of grade 3 or higher occurred in 62% of the patients, with grade 3 or higher cytokine release syndrome in 4% and grade 3 or higher neurologic events in 3%.Glofitamab therapy was effective for DLBCL. More than half the patients had an adverse event of grade 3 or 4. (Funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03075696.).
Bispecific Antibodies in Lymphoma — Another Win for T Cells
Authors: Nancy L. Bartlett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

Harnessing the power of a patient's own T cells has revolutionized the treatment of many cancers, including lymphoma. The most broadly applicable T-cell–directed therapies are the programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, a remarkably effective wake-up call for T cells that have been lulled to sleep by cancer cells. Although PD-1 inhibitors have improved outcomes in Hodgkin's lymphoma, they are inactive in most non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. An alternative T-cell strategy — chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, which are autologous T cells genetically engineered to target B-cell antigens — has shown promise in multiple subtypes of B-cell lymphoma. Mature data on CAR . . .
Microglial pattern recognition via IL-33 promotes synaptic refinement in developing corticothalamic circuits in mice
Authors: Rafael T. Han, Ilia D. Vainchtein, Johannes C.M. Schlachetzki, Frances S. Cho, Leah C. Dorman, Eunji Ahn, Dong Kyu Kim, Jerika J. Barron, Hiromi Nakao-Inoue, Ari B. Molofsky, Christopher K. Glass, Jeanne T. Paz, Anna V. Molofsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2022)

Microglia are critical regulators of brain development that engulf synaptic proteins during postnatal synapse remodeling. However, the mechanisms through which microglia sense the brain environment are not well defined. Here, we characterized the regulatory program downstream of interleukin-33 (IL-33), a cytokine that promotes microglial synapse remodeling. Exposing the developing brain to a supraphysiological dose of IL-33 altered the microglial enhancer landscape and increased binding of stimulus-dependent transcription factors including AP-1/FOS. This induced a gene expression program enriched for the expression of pattern recognition receptors, including the scavenger receptor MARCO. CNS-specific deletion of IL-33 led to increased excitatory/inhibitory synaptic balance, spontaneous absence-like epileptiform activity in juvenile mice, and increased seizure susceptibility in response to chemoconvulsants. We found that MARCO promoted synapse engulfment, and Marco-deficient animals had excess thalamic excitatory synapses and increased seizure susceptibility. Taken together, these data define coordinated epigenetic and functional changes in microglia and uncover pattern recognition receptors as potential regulators of postnatal synaptic refinement.
Declining Representation and Reporting of Racial and Ethnic Minority Patients in Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Despite Persistent Health Disparities—Where Progress Confronts Limitations
Authors: Curtiland Deville, Hala T. Borno
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Stress, Distress, Tensity, Neuroticism, and Risk of Dementia
Authors: Yoram Barak
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Sonja Sulkava, MD, PhD; Jari Haukka, PhD; Raimo Sulkava, MD, PhD; Tiina Laatikainen, MD, PhD; Tiina Paunio, MD, PhD
Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab in TMB-High Non−Small Cell Lung Cancers—The Hunt for Predictive Biomarkers to Optimize Treatment Selection
Authors: Biagio Ricciuti, Mark M. Awad
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Lung cancer in pulmonary fibrosis: no room for nihilism!
Authors: Bruno Crestani, Martin Kolb
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

Bad luck rarely comes unaccompanied. It was advocated for more than a decade to view idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) as a "malignant disease" from looking at its clinical course and prognosis, which is worse than for most common malignancies, except lung and pancreatic cancer [1]. What happens to the unfortunate individuals who develop lung cancer on top of IPF (figure 1) and who may ask their physician "what will bring me down first?". Strong epidemiological evidence indicates that the fibrotic lung is a preneoplastic condition [2]. More research is needed regarding lung cancer development in patients with lung fibrosis <http://bit.ly/3ESXAho>
Bilateral adaptive graph convolutional network on CT based Covid-19 diagnosis with uncertainty-aware consensus-assisted multiple instance learning
Authors: Yanda Meng, Joshua Bridge, Cliff Addison, Manhui Wang, Cristin Merritt, Stu Franks, Maria Mackey, Steve Messenger, Renrong Sun, Thomas Fitzmaurice, Caroline McCann, Qiang Li, Yitian Zhao, Yalin Zheng
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2022)

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused a worldwide pandemic, putting millions of people's health and lives in jeopardy. Detecting infected patients early on chest computed tomography (CT) is critical in combating COVID-19. Harnessing uncertainty-aware consensus-assisted multiple instance learning (UC-MIL), we propose to diagnose COVID-19 using a new bilateral adaptive graph-based (BA-GCN) model that can use both 2D and 3D discriminative information in 3D CT volumes with arbitrary number of slices. Given the importance of lung segmentation for this task, we have created the largest manual annotation dataset so far with 7,768 slices from COVID-19 patients, and have used it to train a 2D segmentation model to segment the lungs from individual slices and mask the lungs as the regions of interest for the subsequent analyses. We then used the UC-MIL model to estimate the uncertainty of each prediction and the consensus between multiple predictions on each CT slice to automatically select a fixed number of CT slices with reliable predictions for the subsequent model reasoning. Finally, we adaptively constructed a BA-GCN with vertices from different granularity levels (2D and 3D) to aggregate multi-level features for the final diagnosis with the benefits of the graph convolution network's superiority to tackle cross-granularity relationships. Experimental results on three largest COVID-19 CT datasets demonstrated that our model can produce reliable and accurate COVID-19 predictions using CT volumes with any number of slices, which outperforms existing approaches in terms of learning and generalisation ability. To promote reproducible research, we have made the datasets, including the manual annotations and cleaned CT dataset, as well as the implementation code, available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6361963.
How a fibroblast ages: a role for bone morphogenetic protein 4 in protecting lung fibroblasts from senescence in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Laszlo Farkas, Jeffrey C. Horowitz, Ana L. Mora
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

<b>This editorial summarises the findings of an article showing a role for bone morphogenetic protein 4 in protecting fibroblasts from senescence and pulmonary fibrosis and puts them into the context of the current literature</b> https://bit.ly/3rrHZ0y