tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Occupational Injuries Among Workers With Disabilities
Authors: Craig Zwerling
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Context.</h3> —As the baby boom generation ages, more people will be working with disabilities, but we have little information regarding how disabilities affect risk for occupational injury. <h3>Objective.</h3> —To test the hypothesis that work-limiting disabilities in general and hearing and visual impairments in particular are risk factors for occupational injuries. <h3>Design-.</h3> —Retrospective cohort study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), 1985 to 1994. <h3>Participants.</h3> —The 459 827 participants in the NHIS from 1985 to 1994 who listed "working" as their primary activity, who were not farmers, and who were between 18 and 65 years of age. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Occupational injuries in the year preceding the interview causing a residual impairment at the time of interview. <h3>Results.</h3> —After adjusting for occupation, self-employment, and age, occupational injury was associated with preceding work disability (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-1.56); blindness (OR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.32-7.85); deafness (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.17-4.12); hearing impairment (OR,1.55; 95% CI, 1.29-1.87); upper extremity impairment (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.05-2.05); and arthritis (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.07-1.68). Visual impairment was not associated with a significantly increased risk (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.87-2.17). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Workers with disabilities, especially sensory impairments, appear to have an elevated risk for occupational injury. Further research in the design and evaluation of improved workplace accommodations for workers with these disabilities is needed.
Meckel's Diverticulum
Authors: William R. Moses
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

ALTHOUGH Meckel1 is usually credited with the first descriptions of the diverticulum in 1812, Hildanus2 first mentioned the lesion in 1598; Lavater3 described it again forty years before Meckel, and Ruysch4 presented a complete description in 1701. Deneke5 reported the first clinical case of ulcer in the diverticulum. Deetz6 originally demonstrated gastric tissue in the mucosa. Heterotopic pancreatic tissue was first noted by Zenker.7 Womack8 credits Tillmans with the first demonstration of hydrochloric acid secretion by the gastric glands in the diverticulum. Incidence The incidence of Meckel's diverticulum is generally accepted to be in the neighborhood of 2 per cent . . .
Research on Aging
Authors: Knight Steel
Journal: JAMA (1997)

History has demonstrated a degree of arbitrariness about national borders. Gerontology affirms this fact, for all persons of all nations desire to maintain the highest degree of function and quality of life for the longest period. The Global Issue on Aging, representing the combined effort of 97 medical journals from 31 countries, reflects the present-day interest among scientists and clinicians in the care and well-being of all who are aged and anticipates some of the highest priorities of medical and social welfare worldwide for decades to come.<sup>1</sup> In the past century, the developed world has witnessed a greater increase in life expectancy than in all recorded history to the year 1900. Coupled with the declining birth rate world-wide, the elderly are assuming a larger proportion of the population with implications for almost all aspects of society. Today in both Japan and the United States the elderly account for
Let's Do Away With CVA
Authors: Lester Adelson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The time is long past when the phrase "cerebrovascular accident" (CVA) should have disappeared from the lexicon of medicine. Although this piece of jargon is hallowed by oral (and occasional written) tradition, it is a bad phrase. Currently, CVA is used indiscriminately to describe (1) occlusive thrombosis of an arteriosclerotic cerebral artery with ensuing infarct of its supply territory ("stroke"), (2) rupture of a cerebral artery caused by hypertension or perforation of a congenital aneurysm in the circle of Willis or one of its major branches ("apoplexy"), or (3) cerebral embolism and infarction usually arising from a thrombus in the left atrium or ventricle. Accordingly, use of the term "CVA" is nonspecific, nondiagnostic, "nonscientific," and potentially misleading and confusing, especially to the layman who may hear it or read it on a death certificate which he has purchased as "proof of death." There are several solid reasons
The Use of Extracorporeal Rewarming in a Child Submerged for 66 Minutes
Authors: Robert G. Bolte
Journal: JAMA (1988)

A 2 1/2year-old girl had a good neurologic recovery after submersion in cold water for at least 66 minutes; as far as we know, this is the longest time ever reported. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was maintained for more than two hours before the initiation of extracorporeal rewarming in this child who had a core temperature of 19°C. To our knowledge, this is the first successful use of extracorporeal rewarming in a child suffering from accidental hypothermia. Extension of this technique to children offers rapid rewarming and cardiovascular support for pediatric victims of severe hypothermia. We emphasize the importance of a coordinated response by the entire emergency medical system integrated with hospital-based personnel. Where it is geographically feasible, regionalization of triage and care for the pediatric victim of severe accidental hypothermia should be considered. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:377-379)
Homicide in New York City
Authors: Kenneth Tardiff
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine differences between racial/ethnic groups in overall rates of death by homicide, proportion of firearm homicides, and the use of cocaine prior to death. <h3>Design.</h3> —Descriptive epidemiologic survey of a complete 2-year sample of homicides. <h3>Setting.</h3> —New York City, NY (population 7322564). <h3>Subjects.</h3> —All residents (N=4298) of New York City who were victims of homicide during 1990 and 1991. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Using medical examiner data, age- and genderspecific rates of homicide were calculated for African Americans, Latinos, and whites. Separate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between demographic variables and both recent cocaine use and firearm-related homicides. <h3>Results.</h3> —Young African-American and Latino men were more likely to be victims of homicide than all other demographic groups. Approximately three fourths of all homicides involved firearms. In the subset of homicide victims dying within 48 hours (n=3890), 31.0% were positive for cocaine metabolites. African Americans (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 2.1), Latinos (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.9), and victims 25 through 34 years of age (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.5 to 3.5) and 35 through 44 years of age (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 2.2 to 3.4) were more likely to be positive for cocaine metabolites than other groups. Young males and females were equally likely to have used cocaine before death. Victims 15 through 24 years of age were more likely than other age groups to be killed by a firearm. African Americans (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.3), Latinos (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.0), and Asians (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4 to 3.6) were more likely than whites to be killed by a firearm. Men (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 4.0 to 5.9) were more likely than women to be killed by a firearm. There was no association between having used cocaine before death and being killed by a firearm. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The high rates of death by homicide among young African Americans and Latinos may be due to the increased involvement with both cocaine use and firearms. New efforts must be made to decrease cocaine use and firearm availability. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:43-46)
Cause of Death
Authors: Tobias Kircher
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Mortality statistics derived from death certificates are the only continuously collected, population-based, disease-related information available in most parts of the world, including the United States. For this reason, every effort must be made to ensure that the most specific, accurate, and complete information regarding cause of death is registered on death certificates. This article discusses identification of the underlying and immediate causes of death, the mechanism and manner of death, and completion of the medical certification section of the death certificate. Examples are given to illustrate the appropriate sequencing of causal information and the selection of the proper underlying cause of death. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:349-352)
The Forensic Pathologist
Authors: Lester Adelson
Journal: JAMA (1977)

THE FORENSIC pathologist occupies a unique position in the field of laboratory medicine. The major portion of his uniqueness derives from his case material and courtroom activity as he participates in the investigation and adjudication of unexpected, violent, and suspicious deaths. A rarely mentioned but important difference between him and his clinical counterpart (the hospital pathologist) resides in their relationship with and responsibility to the families and friends of the decedents who come within their purview. <h3>Hospital and Forensic Pathologist Comparisons</h3> Germane to the present discussion is the fact that the results of the hospital pathologist's studies are invariably passed on only to the attending physicians. Said differently, the hospital laboratorian communicates the fruits of his professional labors solely to other professionals. It is the clinical attendant who shares relevant diagnostic or prognostic information with those who have a right to know these facts, serving as an intermediary between the
The Fatal Cafe Coronary
Authors: Roger E. Mittleman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Demographic features and predisposing factors to fatal food asphyxiation (cafe coronary) were determined by analyzing 141 such fatalities over a 20-year period. Old age, poor dentition, and alcohol consumption were expected findings. Other predisposing factors included institutionalization in long-term medical care facilities, sedative drugs, and natural diseases, most notably parkinsonism. Since institutionalized patients tended to asphyxiate on soft, friable, or snack-like foods, future improvements in rescue techniques should take this into consideration. The incidence of 0.66 per 100,000 population has remained unchanged over the two decades studied. Observers were present at the time of the fatal incident in 85% of the cases. In only a third, the food was lodged in a supraglottic location. These data indicate that continued efforts toward greater awareness of the cafe coronary syndrome still are needed. Special attention should be directed to the predisposing role of institutionalization, sedative drugs, and natural diseases. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1285-1288)
An Autopsy Study of Cancer Patients
Authors: Frederick W. Bauer
Journal: JAMA (1972)

At the Boston City Hospital between 1955 and 1965 one fourth of all autopsies involved cancer patients. Forty percent of these 2,734 patients had serious clinical errors for diagnosing cancer, and 63% of patients with these errors died from cancer. Twenty-six percent of all patients reviewed had clinically undiagnosed cancer, and 45% of these neoplasms were fatal. Nonmalignant diseases caused death in 24% of all cancer patients reviewed. Generally, errors in clinical diagnoses of cancer were most common with the most common cancers. Cancer patients were almost a decade older than control patients without cancer.
Pituitary Apoplexy
Authors: David Fitz-Patrick
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In two patients with pituitary apoplexy, computerized tomograms demonstrated a suprasellar mass that, after infusion with contrast medium, showed a peripheral ring-like enhancement consistent with a pituitary adenoma with central necrosis. In patients with symptoms or signs suggesting subarachnoid hemorrhage or meningitis, the finding of an enlarged sella turcica on plain skull roentgenograms should raise the possibility of pituitary apoplexy. This diagnosis may be rapidly and safely confirmed by computerized tomography. (<i>JAMA</i>244:59-61, 1980)
Control of Cell Behavior: Topological Factors&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Curtis, A. S. G., Varde, Malini
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Journal Article Control of Cell Behavior: Topological Factors Get access A. S. G. Curtis, A. S. G. Curtis Department of Zoology, University College London, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Malini Varde Malini Varde Department of Zoology, University College London, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 33, Issue 1, July 1964, Pages 15–26, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/33.1.15 Published: 01 July 1964 Article history Received: 31 October 1963 Published: 01 July 1964
Joint Study of Extracranial Arterial Occlusion
Authors: Albert Heyman
Journal: JAMA (1972)

An analysis was made of 5,593 white and 911 black patients in the Joint Study of Extracranial Arterial Occlusion to determine the difference in clinical and arteriographic manifestations of ischemic stroke in the two groups. Black patients were found to have a higher frequency of occlusive disease of the intracranial arteries, whereas white patients were more likely to have lesions in the extracranial arteries. Blacks differed from whites in their neurologic manifestations, with a lower incidence of transient ischemic symptoms and a greater frequency of completed stroke. Severe hypertension was noted in 40% of the black patients and only 26% of the white patients. In general, the age of blacks on admission was younger than that of whites.
Living with hidradenitis suppurativa: managing the pain
Authors: Fiona Cowdell
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)

“extraordinarily debilitating. I can’t work, I can’t do school. I can’t function and....every day moving on with my life turns into the worst thing ever”. Only a hard-hearted clinician could read this quote from a woman living with Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) and not be moved. The qualitative study in this issue of pain experiences in HS reveals a disconnect between patients and practitioners and offers new insights that may help improve HS care.
The dynamic nature of naevi in adulthood: prospective population-based study using three-dimensional total-body photography
Authors: Dilki Jayasinghe, Uyen Koh, Elsemieke I Plasmeijer, Scott W Menzies, Joanne F Aitken, H Peter Soyer, Monika Janda, Adele C Green, Brigid Betz-Stablein
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)
Risk single-nucleotide polymorphism-mediated enhancer–promoter interaction drives keloids through long noncoding RNA down expressed in keloids
Authors: Cheng-Cheng Deng, Li-Xue Zhang, Xue-Yan Xu, Ding-Heng Zhu, Qing Cheng, Shufeng Ma, Zhili Rong, Bin Yang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)

Abstract Background Keloids represent one extreme of aberrant dermal wound healing and are characterized by fibroblast hyperproliferation and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Genetics is a major factor for predisposition to keloids and genome-wide association study has identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs873549 at 1q41 as a susceptibility locus. The SNP rs873549, and the SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs873549, may be involved in keloid development. However, the functional significance of these SNPs in keloid pathogenesis remains elusive. Objectives To investigate the function and mechanism of SNP rs873549 and the SNPs in strong LD with rs873549 in keloids. Methods SNPs in strong LD with rs873549 were analysed using Haploview. The expression levels of the genes near the susceptibility locus were analysed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The interaction between rs1348270-containing enhancer and the long noncoding RNA down expressed in keloids (DEIK) (formerly RP11-400N13.1) promoter in fibroblasts was investigated using chromosome conformation capture. The enhancer activity of the rs1348270 locus was evaluated using luciferase reporter assay. Knockdown experiments were used to explore the function of DEIK in keloids. RNA-Seq was performed to investigate the mechanism by which DEIK regulates the expression of collagens POSTN and COMP. Results rs1348270, an enhancer-located SNP in strong LD with rs873549, mediated looping with the promoter of DEIK. The risk variant was associated with decreased enhancer–promoter interaction and DEIK down-expression in keloids. Mechanistically, downregulation of DEIK increased the expression of collagens POSTN and COMP through upregulating BMP2. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that DEIK expression was inversely correlated with BMP2, POSTN and COMP expression in both keloid and normal fibroblasts. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the risk variant rs1348270 is located in an enhancer and is associated with the downregulation of DEIK in keloids, and that downregulation of DEIK increases the expression of collagens POSTN and COMP through BMP2 in keloid fibroblasts. These findings will help to provide a more thorough understanding of the role played by genetic factors in keloid development and may lead to new strategies for screening and therapy in keloid-susceptible populations.
Has the core outcome (domain) set for vitiligo been implemented? An updated systematic review on outcomes and outcome measures in vitiligo randomized clinical trials
Authors: Viktoria Eleftheriadou, Christina Bergqvist, Elio Kechichian, Jason Shourick, Hyun-Jeong Ju, Nanja van Geel, Jung Min Bae, Khaled Ezzedine
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)

Abstract Background In 2015, a major achievement in vitiligo research was the development of an internationally agreed upon core outcome domain set for randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Three outcomes were identified as being essential: repigmentation, side-effects/harms and maintenance of gained repigmentation. Four items were further recommended for inclusion. The following recommendations then followed: repigmentation should be assessed by measuring the percentage of repigmentation in quartiles (0–25%, 26–50%, 51–79%, 80–100%) and cosmetic acceptability of the results should be assessed using the Vitiligo Noticeability Scale. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to assess uptake of the core outcome domain set for RCTs in vitiligo. Secondary objectives were to update the systematic review on outcomes reported in vitiligo RCTs, and to assess whether repigmentation and cosmetic acceptability of the results were measured using the above-mentioned recommended scales. Methods We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL and Systematic Reviews) and ClinicalTrials.gov for vitiligo RCTs between November 2009 and March 2021. Screening and data extraction were independently performed on title and summary by two researchers. All outcomes and outcome measures reported in eligible RCTs were retrieved and collated. Results In total, 174 RCTs were identified: 62 were published between 2009 and 2015, and 112 were published between 2016 and 2021.Thirty-eight different outcomes were reported. Repigmentation was the primary outcome in 89% of trials (150 of 169). Forty-nine different tools were used to measure repigmentation. Side-effects and harms were reported in 78% of trials (136 of 174). Maintenance of gained repigmentation was reported in only 11% of trials (20 of 174) and duration of follow-up varied greatly from 1 to 14 months. Cosmetic acceptability of the results and cessation of disease activity were assessed in only 2% of trials (four of 174). Quality of life of patients with vitiligo was assessed in 13% of trials (22 of 174). Finally, only 11 of 112 RCTs (10%) published between 2016 and 2021 reported all three essential core outcome domains (repigmentation, side-effects and maintenance of gained repigmentation) and none of the trials reported both essential and recommended core outcome domains. Conclusions Efforts are still needed to close the gap between set recommendations and RCT outcome reporting.
Atopic dermatitis across the life course
Authors: Katrina Abuabara, Sinéad M Langan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)

Abstract Atopic dermatitis, the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease, can occur at any age, and patterns of disease activity vary over time. Both prevalence and incidence are highest in infancy and early childhood, followed by a second peak in older adulthood. Birth cohort studies from European countries following children through adolescence have identified subgroups of patients with early-onset persistent disease, early-onset resolving disease, and later-onset disease. Parental history of atopy and genetic factors are among the most consistent predictors of more persistent disease. Studies have begun to examine whether molecular markers differ by age group, although longitudinal data are lacking. Breastfeeding, probiotics and skin-directed therapies such as emollients have been investigated as potential preventive measures, but randomized trials have not found consistent long-term benefit. Future research should focus on patterns of disease activity beyond early adulthood and the role of treatments on long-term disease activity.
Prevalence of rosacea in transgender and gender-diverse populations: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jessika Sanz, Julia L Gao, Dana S King, Anna M Modest, Erica D Dommasch
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)

Hormones have been shown to affect the pathophysiology of rosacea, however, the prevalence of rosacea in transgender and gender diverse (TGD) patients on gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) has never been studied. Our retrospective cohort study showed a significantly decreased prevalence TGD patients on feminizing GAHT compared to cisgender men, women, and TGD not on GAHT. Our results suggest that estrogen and/or anti-androgenetic agents may play a protective role in the development or course of rosacea.
Vascular endothelial growth factor, tissue factor, coagulation and fibrinolysis markers in slow-flow vascular malformations: a prospective study of treatment with sirolimus
Authors: Annabel Maruani, Anne-Guillemette Moineau, Olivia Boccara, Juliette Mazereeuw-Hautier, Sophie Leducq, Didier Bessis, Laurent Guibaud, Pierre Vabres, Stephanie Mallet, Sebastien Barbarot, Christine Chiaverini, Catherine Droitcourt, Anne-Claire Bursztejn, Céline Lengelle, Jean-Baptiste Woillard, Denis Herbreteau, Anne Le Touze, Aurélien Binet, Baptiste Morel, Hélène Bourgoin, Valérie Gissot, Bruno Giraudeau, Yves Gruel, Elsa Tavernier, Jérôme Rollin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)

Slow-flow vascular malformations (VMs), especially those with venous components, can be complicated by localized intravascular coagulopathy (LIC), responsible for pain and impaired quality of life. Several studies have shown the effectiveness of mTOR inhibitors (especially sirolimus) on slow-flow VMs but its effect on coagulation has been poorly studied, especially in children. Our study shows that venous and combined VMs are associated with coagulation abnormalities and provides novel evidence that sirolimus improves coagulopathy in venous malformations. However we did not clearly evidence predictive biomarkers of response to sirolimus but this is the first study attempting to highlight predictive markers of response to sirolimus.