tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Disparities in Diabetes Mortality in Adults in US Rural vs Nonrural Counties, 1999-2018
Authors: Sagar B. Dugani, Christina M. Wood-Wentz, Michelle M. Mielke, Kent R. Bailey, Adrian Vella
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance US rural vs nonrural populations have striking disparities in diabetes care. Whether rurality contributes to disparities in diabetes mortality is unknown. Objective To examine rates and trends in diabetes mortality based on county urbanization. Design, Setting, and Participants In this observational, cross-sectional study, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database was searched from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2018, for diabetes as a multiple cause and the underlying cause of death among residents aged 25 years or older in US counties. County urbanization was categorized as metro, medium-small, and rural. Weighted multiple linear regression models and jackknife resampling, with a 3-segment time component, were used. The models included exposures with up to 3-way interactions and were age standardized to the 2009-2010 population. The analyses were conducted from July 1, 2020, to February 1, 2022. Exposures County urbanization (metro, medium-small, or rural), gender (men or women), age group (25-54, 55-74, or ≥75 years), and region (Midwest, Northeast, South, or West). Main Outcomes and Measures Annual diabetes mortality rate per 100 000 people. Results From 1999-2018, based on 4 022 238 309 person-years, diabetes was a multiple cause of death for 4 735 849 adults aged 25 years or older. As a multiple cause, diabetes mortality rates in 2017-2018 vs 1999-2000 were highest and unchanged in rural counties (157.2 [95% CI, 150.7-163.7] vs 154.1 [95% CI, 148.2-160.1]; P = .49) but lower in medium-small counties (123.6 [95% CI, 119.6-127.6] vs 133.6 [95% CI, 128.4-138.8]; P = .003) and urban counties (92.9 [95% CI, 90.5-95.3] vs 109.7 [95% CI, 105.2-114.1]; P &amp;lt; .001). In 2017-2018 vs 1999-2000, mortality rates were higher in rural men (+18.2; 95% CI, 14.3-22.1) but lower in rural women (−14.0; 95% CI, −17.7 to −10.3) ( P &amp;lt; .001 for both). In the 25- to 54-year age group, mortality rates in 2017-2018 vs 1999-2000 showed a greater increase in rural counties (+9.4; 95% CI, 8.6-10.2) compared with medium-small counties (+4.5; 95% CI, 4.0-5.0) and metro counties (+0.9; 95% CI, 0.4-1.4) ( P &amp;lt; .001 for all). Of all regions and urbanization levels, the mortality rate in 2017-2018 vs 1999-2000 was higher only in the rural South (+13.8; 95% CI, 7.6-20.0; P &amp;lt; .001). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, US rural counties had the highest overall diabetes mortality rate. The determinants of persistent rural disparities, in particular for rural men and for adults in the rural South, require investigation.
Continuous suturing with a stay suture after endoscopic full-thickness resection in an experimental study
Authors: Masaya Uesato, Tomohide Tamachi, Tetsuro Maruyama, Akira Nakano, Takahiro Arasawa, Shunsuke Kainuma, Hisahiro Matsubara
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Endoscopic full-thickness resection, as an extension of endoscopic submucosal dissection, has been attracting much attention for the treatment of submucosal tumors [1]. An essential part of this technology is a reliable full-layer closure method. Although no commonly accepted technique exists to realize full closure [2], suturing methods, which have been considered difficult, have shown promising results recently [3]. We describe a new technique for reliably closing large perforations. Endoscopic manipulation has many limitations compared with surgical procedures where both hands are available; however, the development of a new suture needle for use with endoscopes can help to establish a suturing method similar to surgery. The suture needle is a double-ended needle with V-loc180 (VLOCL0604; Covidien, Mansfield, Massachusetts, USA) cut at 10 cm and joined at the cut ends ([Fig. 1]).
Totally Organic Hydrogel‐Based Self‐Closing Cuff Electrode for Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Daigo Terutsuki, Hayato Yoroizuka, Shin‐ichiro Osawa, Yuka Ogihara, Hiroya Abe, Atsuhiro Nakagawa, Masaki Iwasaki, Matsuhiko Nishizawa
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

An intrinsically soft organic electrode consisting of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-modified polyurethane (PEDOT-PU) is embedded into a bilayer film of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels for developing a self-closing cuff electrode for neuromodulation. The curled form of the PVA hydrogel is prepared by releasing internal stress in the bilayer structure. The inner diameter of the cuff electrode is set to less than 2 mm for immobilization to the vagus nerve (VN) of humans and pigs. The stability of the immobilization is examined, while the pressure applied to a nerve bundle is at a harmless level (≈200 Pa). Since the electrode is totally organic, MRI measurements can be conducted without image artifacts. The large electric capacitance of the PEDOT-PU (≈27 mF cm
Correction: Factors influencing appropriate use of interventions for management of women experiencing preterm birth: A mixed-methods systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Rana Islamiah Zahroh, Alya Hazfiarini, Katherine E. Eddy, Joshua P. Vogel, Ӧzge Tunçalp, Nicole Minckas, Fernando Althabe, Olufemi T. Oladapo, Meghan A. Bohren
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2022)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004074.].
Small bowel melanoma: a double balloon enteroscopy case series
Authors: Mahmoud Aryan, Sameer Al Diffalha, Ali M. Ahmed, Kondal R. Kyanam Kabir Baig, Klaus Mönkemüller, Shajan Peter
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Melanoma can infiltrate the small bowel, usually as metastatic lesions but also rarely as primary neoplasms [1]. These lesions can be discovered on imaging and incidentally during surgery and are typically detected in later stages of progression. Primary treatment is dictated by the underlying disease burden with early surgery often warranted in situations of early diagnosis, and multimodal treatment regimens with systematic regimens or radiation therapy sometimes applied in more advanced disease [2] [3]. We report a video case series of three patients who underwent double balloon enteroscopy for diagnosis of suspicious small bowel lesions.
Some Hearing Aids Will Soon Be Sold Over the Counter
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Pleiotropic Flowering Time QTL Exhibits Gene-by-Environment Interaction for Fitness in a Perennial Grass
Authors: Xiaoyu Weng, Taslima Haque, Li Zhang, Samsad Razzaque, John T Lovell, Juan Diego Palacio-Mejía, Perla Duberney, John Lloyd-Reilley, Jason Bonnette, Thomas E Juenger
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2022)

Abstract Appropriate flowering time is a crucial adaptation impacting fitness in natural plant populations. Although the genetic basis of flowering variation has been extensively studied, its mechanisms in nonmodel organisms and its adaptive value in the field are still poorly understood. Here, we report new insights into the genetic basis of flowering time and its effect on fitness in Panicum hallii, a native perennial grass. Genetic mapping in populations derived from inland and coastal ecotypes identified flowering time quantitative trait loci (QTL) and many exhibited extensive QTL-by-environment interactions. Patterns of segregation within recombinant hybrids provide strong support for directional selection driving ecotypic divergence in flowering time. A major QTL on chromosome 5 (q-FT5) was detected in all experiments. Fine-mapping and expression studies identified a gene with orthology to a rice FLOWERING LOCUS T-like 9 (PhFTL9) as the candidate underlying q-FT5. We used a reciprocal transplant experiment to test for local adaptation and the specific impact of q-FT5 on performance. We did not observe local adaptation in terms of fitness tradeoffs when contrasting ecotypes in home versus away habitats. However, we observed that the coastal allele of q-FT5 conferred a fitness advantage only in its local habitat but not at the inland site. Sequence analyses identified an excess of low-frequency polymorphisms at the PhFTL9 promoter in the inland lineage, suggesting a role for either selection or population expansion on promoter evolution. Together, our findings demonstrate the genetic basis of flowering variation in a perennial grass and provide evidence for conditional neutrality underlying flowering time divergence.
The US Medicaid Program
Authors: Julie M. Donohue, Evan S. Cole, Cara V. James, Marian Jarlenski, Jamila D. Michener, Eric T. Roberts
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Importance Medicaid is the largest health insurance program by enrollment in the US and has an important role in financing care for eligible low-income adults, children, pregnant persons, older adults, people with disabilities, and people from racial and ethnic minority groups. Medicaid has evolved with policy reform and expansion under the Affordable Care Act and is at a crossroads in balancing its role in addressing health disparities and health inequities against fiscal and political pressures to limit spending. Objective To describe Medicaid eligibility, enrollment, and spending and to examine areas of Medicaid policy, including managed care, payment, and delivery system reforms; Medicaid expansion; racial and ethnic health disparities; and the potential to achieve health equity. Evidence Review Analyses of publicly available data reported from 2010 to 2022 on Medicaid enrollment and program expenditures were performed to describe the structure and financing of Medicaid and characteristics of Medicaid enrollees. A search of PubMed for peer-reviewed literature and online reports from nonprofit and government organizations was conducted between August 1, 2021, and February 1, 2022, to review evidence on Medicaid managed care, delivery system reforms, expansion, and health disparities. Peer-reviewed articles and reports published between January 2003 and February 2022 were included. Findings Medicaid covered approximately 80.6 million people (mean per month) in 2022 (24.2% of the US population) and accounted for an estimated $671.2 billion in health spending in 2020, representing 16.3% of US health spending. Medicaid accounted for an estimated 27.2% of total state spending and 7.6% of total federal expenditures in 2021. States enrolled 69.5% of Medicaid beneficiaries in managed care plans in 2019 and adopted 139 delivery system reforms from 2003 to 2019. The 38 states (and Washington, DC) that expanded Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act experienced gains in coverage, increased federal revenues, and improvements in health care access and some health outcomes. Approximately 56.4% of Medicaid beneficiaries were from racial and ethnic minority groups in 2019, and disparities in access, quality, and outcomes are common among these groups within Medicaid. Expanding Medicaid, addressing disparities within Medicaid, and having an explicit focus on equity in managed care and delivery system reforms may represent opportunities for Medicaid to advance health equity. Conclusions and Relevance Medicaid insures a substantial portion of the US population, accounts for a significant amount of total health spending and state expenditures, and has evolved with delivery system reforms, increased managed care enrollment, and state expansions. Additional Medicaid policy reforms are needed to reduce health disparities by race and ethnicity and to help achieve equity in access, quality, and outcomes.
Memory B cell responses to Omicron subvariants after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA breakthrough infection in humans
Authors: Zijun Wang, Pengcheng Zhou, Frauke Muecksch, Alice Cho, Tarek Ben Tanfous, Marie Canis, Leander Witte, Brianna Johnson, Raphael Raspe, Fabian Schmidt, Eva Bednarski, Justin Da Silva, Victor Ramos, Shuai Zong, Martina Turroja, Katrina G. Millard, Kai-Hui Yao, Irina Shimeliovich, Juan Dizon, Anna Kaczynska, Mila Jankovic, Anna Gazumyan, Thiago Y. Oliveira, Marina Caskey, Christian Gaebler, Paul D. Bieniasz, Theodora Hatziioannou, Michel C. Nussenzweig
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2022)

Individuals who receive a third mRNA vaccine dose show enhanced protection against severe COVID-19, but little is known about the impact of breakthrough infections on memory responses. Here, we examine the memory antibodies that develop after a third or fourth antigenic exposure by Delta or Omicron BA.1 infection, respectively. A third exposure to antigen by Delta breakthrough increases the number of memory B cells that produce antibodies with comparable potency and breadth to a third mRNA vaccine dose. A fourth antigenic exposure with Omicron BA.1 infection increased variant-specific plasma antibody and memory B cell responses. However, the fourth exposure did not increase the overall frequency of memory B cells or their general potency or breadth compared to a third mRNA vaccine dose. In conclusion, a third antigenic exposure by Delta infection elicits strain-specific memory responses and increases in the overall potency and breadth of the memory B cells. In contrast, the effects of a fourth antigenic exposure with Omicron BA.1 are limited to increased strain-specific memory with little effect on the potency or breadth of memory B cell antibodies. The results suggest that the effect of strain-specific boosting on memory B cell compartment may be limited.
Roflumilast for Chronic Plaque Psoriasis
Authors: Kelly M. Cordoro
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Peripandemic Examination of Health Care Worker Burnout and Implications for Clinical Practice, Education, and Research
Authors: Ari Shechter, Allison A. Norful
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

J. Bryan Sexton, PhD; Kathryn C. Adair, PhD; Joshua Proulx, BSEE; Jochen Profit, MD; Xin Cui, PhD; Jon Bae, MD; Allan Frankel, MD
Evaluation of Supplemental Benefits Across Medicare Advantage Plans and Beneficiary Demographic Characteristics, 2019 to 2022
Authors: Neil P. Rowen, Lucas Stewart, Robert S. Saunders
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

This cross-sectional study evaluates how policy changes for Medicare Advantage plans affected supplemental benefit availability across geographic social vulnerability, membership diversity, and rebates from 2019 to 2022.
Outcomes for Children With Type II and Type III Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Following Chemotherapy: A Report From the International PPB/<i>DICER1</i> Registry
Authors: Kris Ann P. Schultz, Anne K. Harris, Alexander T. Nelson, Dave Watson, John T. Lucas, Doug Miniati, Douglas R. Stewart, Kelly N. Hagedorn, William Mize, Junne Kamihara, Sarah G. Mitchell, David B. Wilson, Katie Gettinger, Arun A. Rangaswami, Laura A. Harney, Carlos Rodriguez Galindo, Gianni Bisogno, Louis P. Dehner, D. Ashley Hill, Yoav H. Messinger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is the most common primary lung neoplasm of infancy and early childhood. Type II and type III PPB have historically been associated with a poor prognosis.
Risk of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Among Older Adults Receiving Influenza Vaccine in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng-Chang Yen, Kai-Che Wei, Wen-Hwa Wang, Yu-Tung Huang, Yu-Chia Chang
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Although influenza vaccination has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), the findings among studies of older adult populations are inconsistent.To determine the risk of GBS after influenza vaccination among older adults.This cross-sectional study incorporated a self-controlled case series design. Days 1 to 7, days 1 to 14, and days 1 to 42 after influenza vaccination were identified as risk intervals; days 8 to 180, days 15 to 180, and days 43 to 180 comprised the corresponding control interval. Population-based data were obtained from Taiwan's National Health Insurance research database between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2017. Data were analyzed from November 1, 2021, through February 28, 2022. Adults 65 years or older who developed GBS within 180 days after influenza vaccination were enrolled.Government-funded seasonal influenza vaccination.Onset of GBS during risk intervals after influenza vaccination compared with control intervals using Poisson regression to calculate incidence rate ratio (IRR).Of 13 482 122 adults aged 65 years or older who received an influenza vaccination, 374 were hospitalized for GBS. The mean (SD) age of the study population was 75.0 (6.1) years; 215 (57.5%) were men and 159 (42.5%) were women. In terms of comorbidities, 33 adults (8.8%) had cancer and 4 (1.1%) had autoimmune diseases. The IRRs for GBS during days 1 to 7, days 1 to 14, and days 1 to 42 were 0.95 (95% CI, 0.55-1.61; P = .84), 0.87 (95% CI, 0.58-1.29; P = .48), and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.72-1.17; P = .49), respectively. No results showed statistical significance. Similarly, no significant differences in IRRs were noted for the overall risk interval (ie, days 1-42) in subgroup analyses pertaining to different age groups (65-74 years [0.93 (95% CI, 0.66-1.31)], 75-84 years [0.85 (95% CI, 0.58-1.26)], and ≥85 years [1.10 (95% CI, 0.57-2.11)]), sex (men, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.71-1.33; P = .87]; women, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.58-1.23; P = .39]), Charlson Comorbidity Index (1.03 [95% CI, 0.77-1.38; P = .84]), or comorbidities (cancer, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.28-1.64; P = .39]; autoimmune disease, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.11-10.53; P = .94]).These findings suggest that influenza vaccination did not increase the risk of GBS among adults aged 65 years or older in Taiwan regardless of postvaccination period or underlying characteristics.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Drug Overdose Deaths in the US During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Beth Han, Emily B. Einstein, Christopher M. Jones, Jessica Cotto, Wilson M. Compton, Nora D. Volkow
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

This cross-sectional study describes the nationwide trends in drug overdose mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic by age, sex, and race and ethnicity.
Long-term neurologic outcomes of COVID-19
Authors: Evan Xu, Yan Xie, Ziyad Al-Aly
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)

Abstract The neurologic manifestations of acute COVID-19 are well characterized, but a comprehensive evaluation of postacute neurologic sequelae at 1 year has not been undertaken. Here we use the national healthcare databases of the US Department of Veterans Affairs to build a cohort of 154,068 individuals with COVID-19, 5,638,795 contemporary controls and 5,859,621 historical controls; we use inverse probability weighting to balance the cohorts, and estimate risks and burdens of incident neurologic disorders at 12 months following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our results show that in the postacute phase of COVID-19, there was increased risk of an array of incident neurologic sequelae including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, cognition and memory disorders, peripheral nervous system disorders, episodic disorders (for example, migraine and seizures), extrapyramidal and movement disorders, mental health disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, sensory disorders, Guillain–Barré syndrome, and encephalitis or encephalopathy. We estimated that the hazard ratio of any neurologic sequela was 1.42 (95% confidence intervals 1.38, 1.47) and burden 70.69 (95% confidence intervals 63.54, 78.01) per 1,000 persons at 12 months. The risks and burdens were elevated even in people who did not require hospitalization during acute COVID-19. Limitations include a cohort comprising mostly White males. Taken together, our results provide evidence of increased risk of long-term neurologic disorders in people who had COVID-19.