tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Miss Lawrence
Authors: A. Cox
Journal: BMJ (1933)

<h3>Summary</h3> The current paradigm is that inflammatory pain passively resolves following the cessation of inflammation. Yet, in a substantial proportion of patients with inflammatory diseases, resolution of inflammation is not sufficient to resolve pain, resulting in chronic pain. Mechanistic insight how inflammatory pain is resolved is lacking. Here we show that macrophages actively control resolution of inflammatory pain remotely from the site of inflammation by transferring mitochondria to sensory neurons. During resolution of inflammatory pain in mice, M2-like macrophages infiltrate the dorsal root ganglia that contain the somata of sensory neurons, concurrent with the recovery of oxidative phosphorylation in sensory neurons. The resolution of pain and the transfer of mitochondria requires expression of CD200 Receptor (CD200R) on macrophages and the non-canonical CD200R-ligand iSec1 on sensory neurons. Our data reveal a novel mechanism for active resolution of inflammatory pain. <h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>
Assessing Prior History of Sexually Transmitted Disease
Authors: Margaret T. McHugh
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The letter by Fleisher et al<sup>1</sup>raises significant questions regarding the reliability of identifying women at risk for acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by assessing prior history of sexually transmitted disease (STD). Their work clearly shows how women at high risk for STD do not know what infections constitute STD and may incorrectly answer the global question: "Have you ever had an STD?" As physicians treating adolescents who are also high risk for acquiring STD and HIV, it is our experience that even fewer than the 25.8% cited by Fleisher et al may indeed know that they have been found to have and been treated for STD. This is especially true for those infected with chlamydia, trichomonas, and venereal warts (human papillomavirus). Given the importance and difficulty in obtaining a good general medical history for adolescents, it is likely that there is often less information
Gastric "time bomb"
Authors: R. J. Cihak
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Dr. David A. Kumpe: This young man had been mentally depressed several times, before being admitted with reactive depression to another hospital. He had attempted suicide by swallowing "two double-handfuls" of glucose-test (Clinitest) tablets for urine. About forty minutes later he vomited, and gastric lavage was performed. He then attempted suicide again by jumping from a window, fell three stories and sustained a fracture of the third lumbar vertebral body. Gastric hemorrhage and intestinal ileus ensued which were treated with 1,000 cc whole-blood transfusion and nasogastric suction. Seven days after these suicide attempts, he was transferred to the Massachusetts General Hospital. On auscultation, moist rales were heard at the left lung base. There was moderate tenderness over the midlumbar region of the spine, but the results of physical examination were otherwise unremarkable. Reaction of the guaiac test on the stool was 2+. Temperature was 101.2 F (38.4 C, but vital
Review of Epidemiologic Study Results of Vinyl Chloride-Related Compounds
Authors: Rosanne Apfeldorf, Peter F. Infante
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Epidemiologic study results addressing the carcinogenicity of six compounds related to vinyl chloride (vinylidene chloride, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene dibromide and epichlorohydrin) are reviewed. The study results suggest an increased carcinogenic risk among workers exposed to epichlorohydrin and to dry cleaning and degreasing solvents. Although several studies report no significant excess of cancer mortality, an evaluation of the design of these investigations demonstrates that these negative cohort studies consisted of populations of insufficient sample size and latency to permit any meaningful conclusions regarding carcinogenic risk. Therefore, experimental studies must be relied upon to determine whether several of these substances pose a potential carcinogenic risk to humans. Available evidence indicates that all of these substances have demonstrated a carcinogenic response in experimental animals and most are mutagenic in experimental test systems.
Commentaire de travail de G. Galloro et al., pp.121
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

G. Galloro, L. Magno, S. Ruggiero, P. Iovino, C. Formisano, L. Cortese, F. Fusco, C. Meola, G. M. Carlomagno. Comparison between tungsten and steel polypectomy snares: evaluation of depth of colonic thermal wall injury in a pig model.
Progressive Changes in Pulmonary Lipid and Cholesterol Infiltration in Essential Fatty Acid-Deficient Rats
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing a Virtual Reality Simulator to Bedside Teaching for Training in Sigmoidoscopy
Authors: L. B. Gerson, J. Van Dam
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Correction to: A Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing a Virtual Reality Simulator to Bedside Teaching for Training in SigmoidoscopyEndoscopy 2003; 35(07): 569-575DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-40243
New antipsychotic drugs are slightly better than older ones
Journal: BMJ (2003)

health, as well as emphasising the role of individuals in changing their lifestyles and health habits.Bloomfield and Logan (p 439) argue that a quality improvement framework is a better approach to healthcare priority setting and funding decisions than is the explicit prioritisation processes that have recently taken place in New Zealand.McPherson and colleagues (p 443) show how developments at national and local levels have reduced the disparities in life expectancies and health among indigenous people in New Zealand.On p 445 Cunningham and colleagues discuss the tripartite memorandum of understanding on indigenous health research signed by Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, which aims to share information and expertise on health research funding.
The Sulfonamides
Authors: Louis Weinstein, Morton A. Madoff, Charles M. Samet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

Sulfamethoxypyridazine¶Sulfamethoxypyridazine (3-sulfanilamido-6-methoxypyridazine) is a "long acting" sulfonamide characterized by its ability to produce prolonged detectable levels in the blood when given in relatively small doses once or twice a day. Neipp and Mayer49 have indicated that the solubility of this drug at pH 4.0 is greater than that of sulfisoxazole or sulfadiazine. Sulfisoxazole is more soluble than sulfamethoxypyridazine at pH 5.5.A number of illuminating studies of the absorption, excretion and blood concentrations of sulfamethoxypyridazine have been reported. Roepke et al.50 investigated these phenomena in dogs. They found that the administration of 50 mg. per kilogram of body weight . . .
STEM-09. INTRINSIC TUMOR PLASTICITY IN GLIOBLASTOMA ALLOWS FOR RECREATION OF STEM LIKE-STATES AND EFFICIENT TUMOR CELL ADAPTATION TO NEW MICROENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Anna Golebiewska, Anne Dirkse, Thomas Buder, Yahaya A Yabo, Arnaud Muller, Petr V Nazarov, Rolf Bjerkvig, Alexander Skupin, Suresh K Poovathingal, Christel Herold-Mende, Anja Voss, Andreas Deutsch, Simone Niclou
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND Cellular heterogeneity is a hallmark of numerous cancer types, including Glioblastoma (GBM). Cancer stem cells (CSC) have been accounted for the generation of phenotypic heterogeneity and tumor progression in GBM. Recent data, however, suggest that CSCs may not represent a stable entity and intrinsic plasticity plays a key role in tumor adaptation to changing microenvironments. The question arises whether CSCs are a defined subpopulation of GBM or whether they represent a cellular state that any cancer cell can adopt. METHODS We interrogated intra-tumoral phenotypic heterogeneity at the single cell transcriptomic and proteomic level in GBM biopsies, patient-derived stem-like cultures and orthotopic xenografts (PDOXs). Tumor cell subpopulations, classified based on their expression of four proposed stem cell markers (CD133, CD15, A2B5 and CD44), were FACS isolated and functionally characterized under various microenvironmental conditions. Mathematical Markov modelling was applied to calculate state transitions. RESULTS GBM patient biopsies, PDOXs and stem-like cell cultures displayed remarkable stem cell-associated intra-tumoral heterogeneity. However independent of marker expression, all analysed tumor subpopulations carried stem-cell properties and recreated phenotypic heterogeneity. Mathematical modeling revealed a different propensity in reforming heterogeneity over time, which was independent of the proliferation index but linked to in vivo tumorigenic potential. Although GBM subpopulations varied in their potential to adapt to new environments, all were able to reach a steady state microenvironment-specific equilibrium. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that phenotypic heterogeneity in GBM results from intrinsic plasticity allowing tumor cells to adapt to changing microenvironmental conditions. Cellular states are non-hierarchical, reversible and occur via stochastic state transitions, striving towards a microenvironment-instructed equilibrium. Our data provides evidence that CSCs do not represent a defined clonal entity, but rather a cellular state determined by environmental conditions, which has implications for the design of treatment strategies targeting CSC-like states.
Good clinical outcomes after direct intrahepatic portocaval stent (DIPS) insertion for Budd-Chiari syndrome
Authors: Abhishek Chauhan, Rosemary Faulkes, Homoyon Mehrzad, Salil Karkhanis, Frederick Chen, Hayder Hussein, Simon Olliff, Jo Grayer, Dhiraj Tripathi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
The BRIGHTER trial: A phase III randomized double-blind study of BBI-608 + weekly paclitaxel versus placebo (PBO) + weekly paclitaxel in patients (pts) with pretreated advanced gastric and gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma.
Authors: Manish A. Shah, Kei Muro, Kohei Shitara, Niall C. Tebbutt, Yung-Jue Bang, Florian Lordick, Laura Borodyansky, Chiang Li
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

TPS4144 Background: BBI-608 is an orally-administered first-in-class cancer stemness inhibitor. By targeting Stat3, BBI-608 blocks cancer stem cell (CSC) self-renewal and survival through suppressing stemness pathways, including Stat3 and β-catenin as well as immune checkpoint gene expression. Potent anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activity was observed in preclinical models, with marked synergy between BBI-608 and paclitaxel. Moreover, cancer stemness genes, such as stat3 and β-catenin, two poor prognostic biomarkers in many cancer types, predict sensitivity to BBI-608. Encouraging anticancer activity in refractory gastric and GEJ adenocarcinoma was observed in a phase Ib (Stephenson et al, ASCO 2014 abstr) and a subsequent phase II study including 46 gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma pts (Becerra et al, ASCO 2015 abstr). On the basis of these data, a phase III trial is being conducted in North America, South America, Europe, Australia, and Asia. Methods: This study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02178956) will assess the efficacy of BBI-608+paclitaxel vs PBO+paclitaxel in pts with pre-treated, advanced gastric and GEJ adenocarcinoma (target n = 680). Pts must have failed one prior line of therapy containing a fluoropyrimidine/platinum doublet for unresectable or metastatic disease. Pts are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive BBI608 480 mg or PBO twice daily continuously plus paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 IV, weekly, for 3 of every 4 weeks. Treatment will continue until disease progression, death, intolerable toxicity, or patient/investigator decision to stop. Primary endpoint is overall survival (OS) in the general study population; secondary endpoints include progression free survival (PFS), OS and PFS in a predefined biomarker-positive sub-population, objective response rate, disease control rate, and safety. In addition, blood, plasma, and archival tissue will be assessed for pharmacokinetic and biomarker analyses and quality of life will be measured. As of February 2016, 364 pts were randomized and recruitment is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT02178956.
Neuropsychiatric Hirsuitism
Authors: Susan S. Braithwaite
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1989Neuropsychiatric HirsuitismSusan S. Braithwaite, MD, Mary Ann Emanuele, MD, Sonia Collins, MASusan S. Braithwaite, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Mary Ann Emanuele, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Sonia Collins, MASearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-9-748 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: In polycystic ovary syndrome (1) and in idiopathic hirsutism (2), the release of delta-5 steroids after administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) closely resembles an exaggeration of the pattern seen in normal adrenarche. In precocious adrenarche the levels of the delta-5 androgens dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) are most clearly abnormal for age (3), and children who are affected have a high incidence of central nervous system dysfunction.In three adult women with neuropsychiatric disease who presented to us recently with hirsutism, the DHEAS concentrations at times equaled or exceeded 6.0 µg/mL (16.3 µM/L), a level reported by...References1. Barnes R and Rosenfield R. The polycystic ovary syndrome: pathogenesis and treatment. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:386-99. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Rittmaster R and Loriaux D. Hirsutism. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:95-107. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Korth-Schutz S, Levine L, and New M. Evidence for the adrenal source of androgens in precocious adrenarche. Acta Endocrinol. 1976;82:342-52. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Abraham G, Maroulis G, Buster J, Chang R, and Marshall J. Effect of dexamethasone on serum cortisol and androgen levels in hirsute patients. Obstet Gynecol. 1976;47:395-402. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. Wajchenberg B, Achando S, and Okada H. Determination of the source(s) of androgen overproduction in hirsutism associated with polycystic ovary syndrome by simultaneous adrenal and ovarian venous catheterization. Comparison with the dexamethasone suppression test. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986;63:1204-10. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Susan S. Braithwaite, MD; Mary Ann Emanuele, MD; Sonia Collins, MAAffiliations: Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine Maywood, IL 60153 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byReaders' ForumDrug-Induced Hypertrichosis: Case Report and Review of the LiteratureCorrection: Frequency Finding in Letter 1 May 1989Volume 110, Issue 9Page: 748-749KeywordsAdrenocorticotropic hormoneAndrogensAttentionCentral nervous systemChildrenDehydroepiandrosteronePolycystic ovary syndromeSteroidsSulfates ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
A 72-year-old man with localized prostate cancer
Authors: P. Albertsen
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<b>Dr Daley:</b>Mr S, a 72-year-old retired architect, was found to have carcinoma of the prostate in early 1994. Married and the father of two grown children, he is writing a book on American naval history. He is insured by Medicare and carries supplemental insurance. For editorial comment see p 76. His medical history is remarkable for angina pectoris followed by coronary artery bypass graft surgery in 1981, peptic ulcer diagnosed in 1981, heavy smoking 30 years ago, and hypercholesterolemia treated with nicotinic acid. A thallium exercise scan performed in 1993 for recurrent angina revealed a reversible perfusion defect in the posterolateral wall, although since beginning treatment with diltiazem he feels well and is not limited by pain. In 1992, Mr S went to Dr K, his primary care physician of 8 years, for a routine checkup. Dr K performed a rectal examination and noted a new slight induration of
Otorhinolaryngology
Authors: Bobby R. Alford
Journal: JAMA (1979)

In last year's CONTEMPO issue of JAMA,<sup>1</sup>I presented a general review of some of the advances in otorhinolaryngology during the past 25 years. This year I propose to touch on some recent developments that have had great impact on the specialty and that, in turn, offer promise for better health care for patients with problems concerning the ear, nose, throat, head and neck, and communicative disorders. <h3>Manpower Resources</h3> Shortly after World War II, the number of physicians entering the specialty of otorhinolaryngology declined. This led to concern, not only among the leaders in the field, but also among those in medicine generally, that there would soon be an acute shortage of qualified specialists. Consequently, early in the 1950s, with support from the National Institutes of Health and specifically from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness (later to become the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders
Labels for prescribed drugs
Authors: J. H. Dirckx
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dosage errors made by patients taking prescription medications are usually blamed on ignorance or carelessness. I suspect that many such errors result from the way that pharmacists apply labels to prescription bottles. Presently, nearly all medications prescribed for adults come in tablets or capsules that are almost universally dispensed in cylindrical plastic bottles. Customarily, the label is so placed that the lines of writing wrap around the circumference of the bottle. Unless this circumference is at least three times the width of the label, part of each line of directions is out of view no matter how the bottle is held. To read the label of a typical prescription bottle, one must rotate it through a substantial arc for each line of writing and then rotate it back for the start of the next line. Even an alert, intelligent, practiced reader with good visual acuity finds the
Worksite wellness programs: latest wrinkle to smooth health care costs
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1986)

"WELLNESS" is what they call the latest appeal to Americans' belief in human perfectibility, and it's not to be confused with health. Almost anyone left to his or her own devices just might coast along feeling healthy, but—according to advocates of this approach—wellness is something one has to work at. In fact, it's at work that many people think wellness counts most. Some 370 participants in a recent conference in Omaha called "Health-Task '86: Working for Wellness" were exhorted time and again to spur the persons under their direction toward achieving "wellness at the worksite." The conference was sponsored by the Health Insurance Association of America (HIAA) and the Wellness Council of the Midlands (WELCOM). Much of the support for the movement comes from the health and life insurance industry under the reasonable assumption that people who are well tend to require less medical care and die after paying more
Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex Activation and Attentional Bias in Response to Angry Faces in Adolescents With Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Christopher Monk
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: While adolescent anxiety disorders represent prevalent, debilitating conditions, few studies have explored their brain physiology. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a behavioral measure of attention to angry faces, the authors evaluated differences in response between healthy adolescents and adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder. Method: In the primary trials of interest, 18 adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder and 15 comparison subjects of equivalent age/gender/IQ viewed angry/neutral face pairs during fMRI acquisition. Following the presentation of each face pair, subjects pressed a button to indicate whether a subsequent asterisk appeared on the same (congruent) or opposite (incongruent) side as the angry face. Reaction time differences between congruent and incongruent face trials provided a measure of attention bias to angry faces. Results: Relative to the comparison subjects, patients with generalized anxiety disorder manifested greater right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation to trials containing angry faces. Patients with generalized anxiety disorder also showed greater attention bias away from angry faces. Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation differences remained evident when differences in attention bias were covaried. Finally, in an examination among patients of the association between degree of anxiety and brain activation, the authors found that as ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation increased, severity of anxiety symptoms diminished. Conclusions: Adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder show greater right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation and attentional bias away from angry faces than healthy adolescents. Among patients, increased ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation is associated with less severe anxiety, suggesting that this activation may serve as a compensatory response.
Body weight and longevity. A reassessment
Authors: J. E. Manson
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Conflicting results have been reported concerning the association between body weight and longevity. The shape of the curve relating weight to all-cause mortality has been variously described as linear, J-shaped, and even U-shaped. To assess the validity of the evidence for optimal weight recommendations, we examined the 25 major prospective studies on the subject. Each study had at least one of three major biases: (1) failure to control for cigarette smoking, (2) inappropriate control of biologic effects of obesity, such as hypertension and hyperglycemia, and (3) failure to control for weight loss due to subclinical disease. The presence of these biases leads to a systematic underestimate of the impact of obesity on premature mortality. Although these biases preclude a valid assessment of optimal weight from existing data, available evidence suggests that minimum mortality occurs at relative weights at least 10% below the US average. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:353-358)