tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Induction of Neoplastic Transformation and DNA Single-Strand Breaks in C3H/10T1/2 Clone 8 Cells by Polycyclic Hydrocarbons and Alkylating Agents&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Ronald A. Lubet, Edith Kiss, Mary M. Gallagher, Christine Dively, Richard E. Kouri, Leonard M. Schechtman
 4
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

The standard C3H/10T1/2 clone 8 (C3H/10T1/2CL8) cell transformation assay was tested for its ability to identify a variety of polycyclic hydrocarbons and alkylating agents. Dose-dependent morphologic transformation occurred with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA), 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, BaP-7,8-dihydroxy7,8- dihydrodiol (SaP-7,8-diol), as well as with the relatively weak in vivo carcinogen benzo[e]pyrene. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene yielded a relatively weak response, whereas anthracene and phenanthrene were negative. In contrast, treatment of C3H/10T1/2CL8 cells with two directly acting alkylating agents, N-nitroso-N-methylnitroguanidine (MNNG) and styrene oxide, gave no transformation, whereas a third alkylating agent, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), gave a weak response. Treatment with MCA (2.5 µg/ml) yielded a reproducible positive response and, therefore, served as a positive control for routine use of the C3H/10T1/2CL8 assay. When cells treated with the hydrocarbons SaP, SaP-7,8-diol, or MCA were analyzed for nonspecific DNA damage (single-strand breaks or alkaline-labile sites) by alkaline elution techniques, little if any DNA damage was observed. In contrast, the alkylating agents MNNG, styrene oxide, and EMS yielded substantial numbers of single-strand breaks.
The Problem of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure
Authors: Linda C. Mayes
Journal: JAMA (1992)

VALID concern about the high rate of cocaine use among pregnant women has resulted in an apparent rush to judgment about the extent and permanency of specific effects of intrauterine cocaine exposure on newborns. Predictions of an adverse developmental outcome for these children are being made despite a lack of supportive scientific evidence. Whatever the true outcome, we are concerned that premature conclusions about the severity and universality of cocaine effects are in themselves potentially harmful to children. Although the prevalence of cocaine/crack use is declining (in 1990 an estimated 6.6 million individuals reported use in the preceding year compared with 12 million in 1988), certain groups continue to use the drug at high or increasing rates.<sup>1,2</sup>Also, more women of childbearing age seem to be affected by cocaine use compared with previous drug epidemics.<sup>3</sup>At present no reliable national estimates of the extent or patterns of cocaine
Breast Cancer: Treatment Differences and Survival
Authors: Richard D. Corley
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In a recent Editorial, Dr Baue<sup>1</sup>supported other authors and advocated breast-conservation operations and radiation therapy, "if the patient wishes this to be done." Neither in his Editorial nor in the references cited was there any mention of long-term adverse effects, complications, and increased morbidity and mortality from radiation therapy to the breast. Breast cancer has a long natural history. One should not compare mortality of treatment based on the first 5 years following treatment. In trials employing radical mastectomy with or without irradiation, Cuzick et al<sup>2</sup>found a significant excess of deaths after 10 years among patients given radiotherapy. Friedman<sup>3</sup>concluded from studying pathological tissues from 100 women who received radiation therapy that carcinoma of the breast cannot be considered a radiosensitive tumor. Yet radiation therapy must accompany breast-conservation operations. Modern radiotherapy for carcinoma of the breast irradiates a segment of the left
Cardiovascular hyporesponsiveness to norepinephrine, propranolol and nitroglycerin in portal-hypertensive and aged rats
Authors: John Polio, Cornel C. Sieber, Emanuel Lerne, Roberto J. Groszmann
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Most studies testing vasoactive agents in portalhypertensive rats have been performed in young animals. To assess age-related changes in hemodynamic responses to adrenergic stimuli, we examined (a) responsiveness to norepinephrine (0.14 to 12.0 μg · kg −1 · min −1 ) in young (3-mo-old) and aged (9-mo-old) sham-operated and portal-hypertensive rats and (b) response to propranolol (2 and 10 mg · kg −1 body wt), nitroglycerin (3.6 mg · kg −1 · min −1 ) or saline solution in aged portal-hypertensive rats. Aged rats exhibited significantly (p &lt; 0.05) smaller responses to norepinephrine with regard to increases in mean arterial pressure and superior mesenteric arterial vascular resistance, irrespective of portal hypertension. Portal hypertension alone potentiated this reduced response in aged animals and was associated with cardiovascular hyporesponsiveness to norepinephrine in young rats. Portal pressure was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) lower in aged sham-operated rats than in young sham-operated rats over a wide range of norepinephrine doses. Portal-hypertensive aged rats showed significantly (p &lt; 0.05) lower heart rates. Furthermore, systemic and splanchnic cardiovascular responses to propranolol and nitroglycerin mediated by the sympathetic nervous system were decreased or negligible in aged rats, compromising the portal-hypotensive effects of these drugs. In summary, aged rats express diminished cardiovascular responsiveness to adrenergic stimuli. Therefore age should be considered an important factor in studies evaluating pharmacological agents for the treatment of portal hypertension. (Hepatology 1993;18:128-136).
Operative Otology. Surgical Pathology and Treatment of Diseases of the Ear.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Induction of Intestinal Tumors in Rats by Dextran Sulfate Sodium&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Iwao Hirono, Kazunori Kuhara, Shigetoshi Hosaka, Setsuo Tomizawa, Leon Golberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

The carcinogenicity of dextran sulfate sodium was studied in inbred ACI rats. In group 1, 10 male rats were fed a 10% dextran sulfate sodium diet; in group 2, 14 male and 12 female rats were fed a 5% dextran sulfate sodium diet; and in the control group, 9 male and 9 female rats were given the basal diet without dextran sulfate sodium. After the start of the feeding regimen, all rats given the 10% dextran sulfate sodium diet died of severe diarrhea and anemia within 14 days and 15 of 23 surviving rats fed a 5% dextran sulfate sodium diet developed intestinal tumors between 134 and 215 days. These tumors were induced in the colon and cecum and consisted of adenomas, adenocarcinomas, and papillomas.
A survey of occupational blood contact and HIV infection among orthopedic surgeons. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Serosurvey Study Committee
Authors: J. I. Tokars
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To study the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among orthopedic surgeons, and correlate the results with occupational and nonoccupational risk factors. Orthopedic surgeons are one of several groups of health care workers at risk for occupationally acquired HIV infection; however, few HIV seroprevalence studies in health care workers, and none in surgeons, have been performed to assist in estimating the extent of occupational risk. <h3>Design.</h3> —A voluntary, anonymous HIV serosurvey at an annual meeting. To assess the representativeness of participants, a mail survey of orthopedic surgeons was conducted 5 months prior to the annual meeting. <h3>Setting.</h3> —The 1991 annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons held in Anaheim, Calif. <h3>Participants.</h3> —United States or Canadian orthopedic surgeons in training, in practice, or retired from practice who attended the annual meeting. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Participants' HIV serostatus and reporting of occupational and nonoccupational risk factors for HIV infection. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of 7147 eligible orthopedists at the annual meeting, 3420 (47.9%) participated. Compared with the 10411 orthopedic surgeons responding to the mail survey, serosurvey participants had at least as many opportunities for occupational contact with blood and with HIV-infected patients. Among participants, 87.4% reported a blood-skin contact and 39.2% reported a percutaneous blood contact in the previous month. Among 3267 participants without reported nonoccupational risk factors for HIV infection, none was positive for HIV antibody (0%; upper limit of the 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.09%); among 108 participants with reported nonoccupational HIV risk factors, two were positive for HIV antibody (1.9%; upper limit of the 95% CI = 5.7%). <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Although these findings may not be generalizable to all orthopedic surgeons, we found no evidence of HIV infection among serosurvey participants without nonoccupational risk factors. The high rates of self-reported blood contact underscore the importance of compliance with infection control precautions and of development of new techniques and equipment to minimize the risk of exposures to blood during surgical procedures. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:489-494)
Letter: Attitudes to abortion.
Authors: H C McLaren, J S Scott, J R Nolan, D M Jenkins
Journal: BMJ (1974)

<h3>Objective</h3> Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery is an alternative for the management of advanced ovarian cancer (AOC). Owing to unresectable disease at initial evaluation, some patients received bevacizumab in addition to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and postoperative course of patients who had received bevacizumab before debulking surgery for AOC. <h3>Methods</h3> In 2012, we identified all patients with AOC who had received neoadjuvant bevacizumab before debulking surgery. We recorded patients’ characteristics, surgical course, and postoperative complications. <h3>Results</h3> Five patients were identified, of whom 80% were International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage 4 at diagnosis. All patients underwent surgery after 6 courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab. The median number of bevacizumab injections was 3 (3–4), and the median time between the last injection of bevacizumab and surgery was 54 days (34–110 days). One patient had a grade 3 complication (lymphocyst with puncture under computed tomographic scans). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this preliminary study, debulking surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy that included bevacizumab did not increase the rate of postoperative complications when there was a reasonable interval between the last bevacizumab injection and surgery. Larger studies are warranted to assess surgical safety after antiangiogenic treatment in the neoadjuvant setting for advanced ovarian cancer.
Cardiac Effects of Lightning Stroke
Authors: John P. Kleiner
Journal: JAMA (1978)

APPROXIMATELY 150 people are killed by lightning annually in the United States, and an estimated twice that number are injured.<sup>1,2</sup>Death in most is due to either respiratory arrest or cardiac arrhythmias. Although minor ECG changes are frequent in survivors of lightning injury, clinical evidence of actual myocardial damage is uncommon. We report the case of a young man struck by lightning who was initially asymptomatic and appeared to have suffered only mild superficial burns. An ECG, however, suggested acute myocardial injury, and three hours later acute pulmonary edema developed. Subsequent hemodynamic investigations confirmed the presence of myocardial damage. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> During field training maneuvers, three young soldiers were asleep in their tent when struck by lightning. All were stunned and suffered minor first- and second-degree burns to the neck, chest, and back, but none lost consciousness. When seen in the emergency room, all were alert, well
Treatment of Speech and Voice Disorders With Botulinum Toxin
Authors: Christy L. Ludlow
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>SELECTED CASE</h3> A 37-YEAR-OLD woman presented to the Speech and Voice Unit of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md, with a 5-year history of a voice disorder of unknown etiology. The disorder began after an upper respiratory infection, when she developed hoarseness that persisted for several weeks. Indirect laryngoscopy 1 month after onset revealed no abnormalities: the vocal folds appeared normal and moved symmetrically. The symptoms progressed during the succeeding months; her voice became difficult to control, with frequent pitch and voice breaks. Speech therapy provided no lasting benefit. Because she had been undergoing a divorce and had a stressful job, her physician suggested psychological counseling. She discontinued counseling after a 3-month trial afforded no benefit. The symptoms progressed during the next 2 years and then stabilized, sometimes aggravated by stress and voice use. During the next few years she sought relief with hypnosis, acupuncture, and various medications, including
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

FAK Drives Antitumor ActivityFocal adhesion kinase (FAK, PTK2) is a tyrosine kinase known to control multiple cellular processes linked to adhesion.Serrels and colleagues demonstrate that nuclear FAK regulates the number of immune-suppressive regulatory T cells (Treg) in the tumor microenvironment.FAK localizes to the nucleus in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells, but not in normal keratinocytes.Nuclear FAK associates with chromatin and facilitates a transcriptional chemokine/cytokine program favoring expansion and retention of Tregs.Congruently, FAK null SCC xenografts undergo CD8 þ T celldependent regression in immunocompetent hosts, whereas nuclear FAK-expressing tumors evade the immune response.FAK inhibition promoted immune-mediated clearance of nuclear FAK expressing SCC tumors in mice.Thus, combining FAK inhibition with agents that stimulate CD8 þ T cells may help overcome Treg-dependent barriers to these therapies.(Image courtesy of Wikimedia
The Extent of Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Cancer
Authors: Harry Grabstald
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The ideal objective of any surgical program is cure. This communication will not concern itself with the circumstances in which nephrectomy may be palliative in patients with renal cell cancer. That ablative surgery may have value in the palliation of some symptoms, such as pain and fever, and in the cure of others, such as hematuria, is known. Only problems relating to surgical efforts to remove all local cancer in anticipation of cure will be reviewed. Any judicious decision regarding management of patients with renal cell cancer entails a knowledge of the natural history of the untreated tumor (which includes modes and rate of spread) and of the risks and the advantages of therapeutic alternatives. For example, if all renal cell cancers metastasized only by blood stream, there would be no reason for node dissection, and if there were no possibility of invasion of perirenal fat and fascia, simple nephrectomy
Cannulation of the Right Internal Jugular Vein Is Preferable to That of the Left Internal Jugular Vein
Authors: James Robert Wendt
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Cannulation of the right internal jugular vein (RIJV) is advantageous when compared with that of the left internal jugular vein (LIJV) in most circumstances. The RIJV is generally larger than the LIJV<sup>1</sup>and hence an "easier target." Furthermore, the course of the RIJV is almost parallel to the superior vena cava, and, hence, the catheter easily traverses to the superior vena cava. The LIJV joins the subclavian vein at approximately a right angle so that, while attempting placement, a catheter will at times hit the inferior wall at the origin of the left brachiocephalic vein and then either turn into the left subclavian vein, turn retrograde into the LIJV, or not advance into the left brachiocephalic vein. Sheep and Guiney<sup>2</sup>suggest that the circuitous course of the LIJV to the superior vena cava leads to greater contact with the catheter and vessel wall and increases
Bridging the Gap Between Expert and Public Views on Health Care Reform
Authors: Robert J. Blendon
Journal: JAMA (1993)

AMERICANS consider reform of the health care system to be one of the most important initiatives for the new administration. A March 1993 opinion poll ranked "reforming the health care system" second highest as a priority for the federal government, ahead of stimulating the economy, a middle-class tax cut, and a variety of other efforts.<sup>1</sup>Eighty-eight percent of the public believes it would be a serious failure if President Clinton does not keep his promise to control health care costs, while 69% would consider it a serious failure if he breaks his promise to ensure that everyone has health insurance coverage.<sup>2</sup> However, a more in-depth reading of these opinion surveys suggests a note of caution for our nation's leaders. They may be misdiagnosing the reasons behind this high level of public interest in health care reform. Policymakers rely on health care economists and policy experts to help define
Species With the Genus Campylobacter
Authors: Nelson Wiegman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Marty et al entitled "Inflammatory Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Infected by<i>Campylobacter fetus</i>" (1983;249:1190) had some descrepancies that I would like to call to attention. The author identified<i>C fetus</i>subspecies<i>fetus</i>as the cause of the infection in the case presented. In the "Comment" section of the article, he mentioned that this subspecies has a predilection for infecting the debilitated, immunosuppressed, or elderly patient. To support that statement, he referred to two articles, one by Guerrant et al and the other by File et al. Neither of those articles documented a human infection caused by<i>C fetus</i>subspecies<i>fetus</i>; similarly, I have not been able to find a case report of a human infection caused by this subspecies. There are two possibilities to this case: (1) that the organism was correctly identified and that this represents the first documented infection in a human caused
Anticonvulsants and Vitamin D Metabolism
Authors: Carlos Julio Aponte
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Livingston et al in their recent article, "Anticonvulsant Drugs and Vitamin D Metabolism" (224:1634, 1973) have stated that cases of rickets that have accompanied anticonvulsant medication may have represented merely a coincidental occurrence. We would like to express the opposite view and agree with Dent et al<sup>1</sup>that there is a causal relationship between rickets and osteomalacia and anticonvulsant therapy. We have recently seen a case of severe osteomalacia following a six-year use of methsuximide (Celontin) in a young woman without malabsorption or renal failure. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 22-year-old woman with sickle cell disease at the age of 12 years had grand mal seizures, probably caused by a right cerebral infarct. She became allergic to the usual anticonvulsants and since 1967 was treated with methsuximide, 900 mg/day for two years and then 450 mg/day until May 5, 1973. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were elevated; serum calcium and
Hormones and Behavior: A Survey of Interrelationships Between Endocrine Secretions and Patterns of Overt Response
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rural Health Care Systems
Authors: Vernon E. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Rural health is a problem of two basic dimensions. These are financial status and geographic location. As to financial status, rural areas are characterized by below-average incomes and considerable poverty. The great majority of the poorest counties in the United States are rural. As to geographic location, rural areas generally have a cluster of factors that are adverse to adequate health services. Along with population densities that range from low to sparse, rural areas usually have a limited tax base, scarce and widely dispersed health facilities, extreme shortages of health manpower, and negative attraction for new manpower. And yet, despite this somewhat grim summary, I think that the outlook for rural health is more encouraging than at any previous time. The most encouraging development on the income dimension is a growing realization that abject poverty is a national disgrace. No country as affluent as the United States can knowingly tolerate