tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sustained improvement of cardiac function in patients with congestive heart failure after short-term infusion of dobutamine.
Authors: C S Liang, L G Sherman, J U Doherty, K Wellington, V W Lee, W B Hood
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Fifteen patients with congestive cardiomyopathy (six idiopathic and nine alcoholic) manifested by heart failure (New York Heart Association class III or IV) were randomly assigned to a protocol in which dobutamine (n = 8) or 5% dextrose in water (n = 7) was infused continuously for 72 hr. The dose of dobutamine was titrated to increase cardiac output to twice the baseline values. The patients were evaluated before infusion, shortly after infusion, and 1, 2, and 4 weeks thereafter. Functional class improved in six of eight dobutamine-treated patients but in only two of seven control patients during the 4 week observation period. Maximal exercise time and left ventricular ejection fraction increased significantly above baseline only in the dobutamine group. However, neither dobutamine nor placebo infusion produced significant changes shortly after infusion in heart rate, cardiac index, or total peripheral vascular resistance at rest or during exercise at similar workloads. The group receiving dobutamine did show a reduction in systemic systolic and pulmonary arterial mean and diastolic pressure at rest (123 +/- 5 to 108 +/- 6, 32 +/- 5, to 24 +/- 3, and 26 +/- 4 to 20 +/- 2 mm Hg, respectively). In addition, total body oxygen consumption during similar workloads was lower after dobutamine infusion than before.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Suspected Appendicitis
Authors: Erik K. Paulson, Matthew F. Kalady, Theodore N. Pappas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

An otherwise healthy 22-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain of 18 hours' duration in the right lower quadrant. On physical examination, she is afebrile, with tenderness on deep palpation in the right lower quadrant, and has no peritoneal signs. Pelvic examination reveals tenderness in the right adnexa without a mass. How should this patient be further evaluated?
Disease Progression in Nonintervened Saphenous Vein Graft Segments
Authors: Young Joon Hong, Gary S. Mintz, Sang Wook Kim, Sung Yun Lee, Seok Yeon Kim, Teruo Okabe, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Ron Waksman, Kenneth M. Kent, William O. Suddath, Neil J. Weissman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Immortal Time Bias in Observational Studies
Authors: Kabir Yadav, Roger J. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinases in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yoshiki Ito, Yutaka Sasaki, Masayoshi Horimoto, Shigeo Wada, Yoshio Tanaka, Akinori Kasahara, Takahiro Ueki, Tadamichi Hirano, Hidenao Yamamoto, Jiro Fujimoto, Eizo Okamoto, Norio Hayashi, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK) is a key molecule in intracellular signal transducing pathways that transport extracellular stimuli from cell surface to nuclei. MAPK/ERK has been revealed to be involved in the physiological proliferation of mammalian cells and also to potentiate them to transform. However, its role in the outgrowth of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has yet to be clarified. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the activation of MAPK/ERK and its associated gene expression in HCC. MAPK/ERK was activated in 15 of 26 cases of HCC we examined (58%), and its activity level was significantly higher in HCC than in the adjacent non-cancerous lesions. Besides, MAPK/ERK activation in HCC was positively correlated with protein expression of transcription factor c-Fos. Furthermore, in 25 of 26 cases of HCC which genomic DNA was available, 22 cases without genomic DNA amplification exhibited positive correlation, not only between protein expression of c-Fos and cyclin D1, but also between MAPK/ERK activation and cyclin D1 expression. Concerning the relationship between MAPK/ERK activation and the clinicohistopathological features of HCC, the tumor (HCC) versus non-tumor (non-cancerous counterpart) ratio (T/N) of MAPK/ERK activity was positively correlated with tumor size, but neither with the stage of HCC nor the degree of differentiation of HCC. In conclusion, these findings suggest that MAPK/ERK activation in human HCC may play an important role in multistep hepatocarcinogenesis, especially in the progression of HCC; at least in part, through cyclin D1 up-regulation primarily induced by MAPK/ERK via c-Fos.
Sustained Correction of X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency by ex Vivo Gene Therapy
Authors: Salima Hacein-Bey-Abina, Françoise Le Deist, Frédérique Carlier, Cécile Bouneaud, Christophe Hue, Jean-Pierre De Villartay, Adrian J. Thrasher, Nicolas Wulffraat, Ricardo Sorensen, Sophie Dupuis-Girod, Alain Fischer, E. Graham Davies, Wietse Kuis, Lilly Leiva, Marina Cavazzana-Calvo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency due to a mutation in the gene encoding the common γ (γc) chain is a lethal condition that can be cured by allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. We investigated whether infusion of autologous hematopoietic stem cells that had been transduced in vitro with the γc gene can restore the immune system in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency.
Cyclopentenone prostaglandins: New insights on biological activities and cellular targets
Authors: Daniel S. Straus, Christopher K. Glass
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2001)

Abstract The cyclopentenone prostaglandins PGA 2 , PGA 1 , and PGJ 2 are formed by dehydration within the cyclopentane ring of PGE 2 , PGE 1 , and PGD 2 . PGJ 2 is metabolized further to yield Δ 12 ‐PGJ 2 and 15‐deoxy‐Δ 12,14 ‐PGJ 2 (15d‐PGJ 2 ). Various compounds within the cyclopentenone prostaglandin family possess potent anti‐inflammatory, anti‐neoplastic, and anti‐viral activity. Most actions of the cyclopentenone prostaglandins do not appear to be mediated by binding to G‐protein coupled prostanoid receptors. Rather, the bioactivity of these compounds results from their interaction with other cellular target proteins. 15‐deoxy‐Δ 12,14 ‐PGJ 2 is a high affinity ligand for the nuclear receptor PPARγ and modulates gene transcription by binding to this receptor. Other activities of the cyclopentenone prostaglandins are mediated by the reactive α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl group located in the cyclopentenone ring. The transcription factor NF‐κB and its activating kinase are key targets for the anti‐inflammatory activity of 15d‐PGJ 2 , which inhibits NF‐κB‐mediated transcriptional activation by PPARγ‐dependent and independent molecular mechanisms. Other cyclopentenone prostaglandins, such as Δ 7 ‐PGA 1 and Δ 12 ‐PGJ 2 , have strong anti‐tumor activity. These compounds induce cell cycle arrest or apoptosis of tumor cells depending on the cell type and treatment conditions. We review here recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of action of the cyclopentenone prostaglandins and their possible use as therapeutic agents. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 21, No. 3, 185–210, 2001
Rotavirus Infection in Infants as Protection against Subsequent Infections
Authors: F. Raúl Velázquez, David O. Matson, Juan J. Calva, M. Lourdes Guerrero, Ardythe L. Morrow, Shelly Carter-Campbell, Roger I. Glass, Mary K. Estes, Larry K. Pickering, Guillermo M. Ruiz-Palacios
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in infants. To provide a base line for assessing the efficacy of rotavirus vaccines, we evaluated the protection that is conferred by natural rotavirus infection.
Successful Parenteral Penicillin Therapy of Established Lyme Arthritis
Authors: Allen C. Steere, Jerry Green, Robert T. Schoen, Elise Taylor, Gordon J. Hutchinson, Daniel W. Rahn, Stephen E. Malawista
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial carried out from 1980 to 1982, 20 patients with established Lyme arthritis were assigned treatment with 2.4 million U of intramuscular benzathine penicillin weekly for three weeks (total, 7.2 million U) and 20 patients received saline. Seven of the 20 penicillin-treated patients (35 per cent) had complete resolution of arthritis soon after the injections and have remained well during a mean follow-up period of 33 months. In contrast, all 20 patients given placebo continued to have attacks of arthritis (P<0.02). In 1983, of 20 patients treated with intravenous penicillin G, 20 million U a day for 10 days, 11 (55 per cent) had complete resolution of arthritis and have remained well since. As compared with nonresponders, penicillin-responsive patients in both studies were more likely to have previously received antibiotics for erythema chronicum migrans (P<0.02) and less likely to have been given intraarticular corticosteroids during or at the conclusion of parenteral therapy (P<0.1). The Lyme spirochete was not cultured from synovium or joint fluid. We conclude that established Lyme arthritis can often be treated successfully with parenteral penicillin. However, neither of the regimens that we tested is uniformly effective, and further experience will be needed to determine the optimal course of therapy. (N Engl J Med 1985; 312:869–74.)
Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality in 20 U.S. Cities, 1987–1994
Authors: Jonathan M. Samet, Francesca Dominici, Frank C. Curriero, Ivan Coursac, Scott L. Zeger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Air pollution in cities has been linked to increased rates of mortality and morbidity in developed and developing countries. Although these findings have helped lead to a tightening of air-quality standards, their validity with respect to public health has been questioned.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Rachel Yehuda
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

In the wake of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, physicians have been confronted with patients who have suffered psychological trauma. This Review Article examines an extreme reaction, the post-traumatic stress disorder, which may follow a variety of traumatic events. The author defines the syndrome, its clinical features, and research findings on its biologic aspects. For patients who require therapy, she discusses both counseling and pharmacologic approaches.
The Influence of Finasteride on the Development of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ian M. Thompson, Phyllis J. Goodman, Catherine M. Tangen, M. Scott Lucia, Gary J. Miller, Leslie G. Ford, Michael M. Lieber, R. Duane Cespedes, James N. Atkins, Scott M. Lippman, Susie M. Carlin, Anne Ryan, Connie M. Szczepanek, John J. Crowley, Charles A. Coltman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Androgens are involved in the development of prostate cancer. Finasteride, an inhibitor of 5α-reductase, inhibits the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, the primary androgen in the prostate, and may reduce the risk of prostate cancer.
A Massive Outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium Infection Transmitted through the Public Water Supply
Authors: William R. Mac Kenzie, Neil J. Hoxie, Mary E. Proctor, M. Stephen Gradus, Kathleen A. Blair, Dan E. Peterson, James J. Kazmierczak, David G. Addiss, Kim R. Fox, Joan B. Rose, Jeffrey P. Davis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Early in the spring of 1993 there was a widespread outbreak of acute watery diarrhea among the residents of Milwaukee.
<sub>Legionella Prosthetic-Valve Endocarditis</sub>
Authors: Lucy S. Tompkins, Blake J. Roessler, Stephen C. Redd, Lauri E. Markowitz, Mitchell L. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Since 1982 seven patients at Stanford University Medical Center have been shown to have prosthetic-valve endocarditis caused by Legionella pneumophila or L dumoffii. We studied the clinical features of legionella endocarditis at the time of diagnosis and performed a case-control study to analyze risk factors for the infection. All patients with endocarditis had a chronic course (3 to 19 months after surgery) of fever, night sweats, weight loss, and anemia, but no embolic events or immune-complex deposition disease. Five patients required surgical replacement of their infected prosthetic valves. The case-control study revealed that during the early postoperative period, patients who later contracted legionella endocarditis were more likely to have had symptoms and signs attributable to postcardiomyotomy syndrome than were patients who did not contract endocarditis (P<0.013). Examination of the legionella isolates by means of molecular techniques demonstrated that the Stanford L pneumophila isolates were genotypically identical to isolates from the hospital drinking water. L dumoffii isolates from patients with endocarditis were derived from a single strain apparently unique to this medical center. We conclude that legionella infection was nosocomially acquired in the perioperative period. These cases demonstrate an expanding spectrum of illness caused by legionella species and emphasize the need to consider legionella as a cause of "culture-negative" endocarditis. (N Engl J Med 1988;318:530–5.)
Prospective Trial of a Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Charles D. Fraser, Robert D.B. Jaquiss, David N. Rosenthal, Tilman Humpl, Charles E. Canter, Eugene H. Blackstone, David C. Naftel, Rebecca N. Ichord, Lisa Bomgaars, James S. Tweddell, M. Patricia Massicotte, Mark W. Turrentine, Gordon A. Cohen, Eric J. Devaney, F. Bennett Pearce, Kathleen E. Carberry, Robert Kroslowitz, Christopher S. Almond
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Options for mechanical circulatory support as a bridge to heart transplantation in children with severe heart failure are limited.
Calcium Supplementation to Prevent Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: José M. Belizán, José Villar, Laura Gonzalez, Liana Campodonico, Eduardo Bergel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Calcium supplementation has been reported to reduce blood pressure in pregnant and nonpregnant women. We undertook this prospective study to determine the effect of calcium supplementation on the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (gestational hypertension and preeclampsia) and to determine the value of urinary calcium levels as a predictor of the response.
A Comparison of Paracentesis and Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunting in Patients with Ascites
Authors: Martin Rössle, Andreas Ochs, Veit Gülberg, Volker Siegerstetter, Joseph Holl, Peter Deibert, Manfred Olschewski, Maximilian Reiser, Alexander L. Gerbes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

In patients with cirrhosis and ascites, creation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt may reduce the ascites and improve renal function. However, the benefit of this procedure as compared with that of large-volume paracentesis is uncertain.
Lamivudine as Initial Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis B in the United States
Authors: Jules L. Dienstag, Eugene R. Schiff, Teresa L. Wright, Robert P. Perrillo, Hie-Won L. Hann, Zachary Goodman, Lynn Crowther, Lynn D. Condreay, Mary Woessner, Marc Rubin, Nathaniel A. Brown
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Although the nucleoside analogue lamivudine has shown promise in patients with chronic hepatitis B, long-term data on patients from the United States are lacking.
Sudden Death in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and Left Ventricular Dysfunction, Heart Failure, or Both
Authors: Scott D. Solomon, Steve Zelenkofske, John J.V. McMurray, Peter V. Finn, Eric Velazquez, George Ertl, Adam Harsanyi, Jean L. Rouleau, Aldo Maggioni, Lars Kober, Harvey White, Frans Van de Werf, Karen Pieper, Robert M. Califf, Marc A. Pfeffer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The risk of sudden death from cardiac causes is increased among survivors of acute myocardial infarction with reduced left ventricular systolic function. We assessed the risk and time course of sudden death in high-risk patients after myocardial infarction.
Natural History of Cervicovaginal Papillomavirus Infection in Young Women
Authors: Gloria Y.F. Ho, Robert Bierman, Leah Beardsley, Chee J. Chang, Robert D. Burk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is highly prevalent in sexually active young women. However, precise risk factors for HPV infection and its incidence and duration are not well known.
Heerfordt's Syndrome, or Uveoparotid Fever
Authors: Anisha Dua, Augustine Manadan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

A 32-year-old woman presented with a 6-week history of swelling of both parotid glands, dry eyes, and dry mouth. She reported having difficulty moving the right side of her face, and she felt tingling in the right side of her tongue.
The Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Chronic Disease Risk Behaviors Among US Adolescents
Authors: Richard Lowry
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine the relationship between socioeconomic status and risk behaviors for chronic disease among a nationally representative sample of adolescents in the United States. <h3>Design.</h3> —Household survey, the Youth Risk Behavior Survey supplement to the 1992 National Health Interview Survey. <h3>Setting.</h3> —United States. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Nationally representative sample of 6321 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Standardized prevalence rates and logistic and multiple regression models were used to examine the effect of educational level of the responsible adult and family income on 5 risk behaviors for chronic disease among adolescents—cigarette smoking, sedentary lifestyle, insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables, excessive consumption of foods high in fat, and episodic heavy drinking of alcohol. <h3>Results.</h3> —Most adolescents (63%) reported 2 or more of the 5 risk behaviors. Controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and school enrollment status of adolescents, as the educational level of the responsible adult increased, cigarette smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables were less likely among adolescents. Among girls, but not boys, consumption of foods high in fat decreased as education of the responsible adult increased. As family income increased, adolescents were less likely to smoke cigarettes, less likely to be sedentary, and less likely to engage in episodic heavy drinking. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Among adolescents, risk behaviors for chronic disease are common and inversely related to socioeconomic status. Improved community- and school-based programs to prevent such behaviors among adolescents are needed, especially among socially and economically disadvantaged youth.
Health Advice and Immunizations for Travelers
Authors: Edward T. Ryan, Kevin C. Kain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Each year, 1 billion passengers travel by air, and over 50 million people from industrialized countries visit the developing world.1,2 Travelers may be exposed to a variety of pathogens and risks, and 20 to 70 percent of people report some health problems while traveling.3,4 Overall, during international travel, 1 to 5 percent of travelers seek medical attention, 0.01 to 0.1 percent require emergency medical evacuation, and 1 in 100,000 dies.3 Although infectious diseases cause considerable morbidity among travelers, they account for only 1 to 4 percent of deaths that occur during international travel.5 Cardiovascular disease is the most . . .
Predictors of Physicians' Smoking Cessation Advice
Authors: Erica Frank
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objectives.</h3> —To determine the percentage of smokers reporting that a physician had ever advised them to smoke less or to stop smoking, and the effect of time, demographics, medical history, and cigarette dependence on the likelihood that respondents would state that a physician had ever advised them to stop smoking. <h3>Design and Setting.</h3> —Data were collected from the Stanford Five-City Project, a communitywide health education intervention program. The two treatment and three control cities were located in northern and central California. As there was no significant difference between treatment and control cities regarding cessation advice, data were pooled for these analyses. <h3>Participants.</h3> —There were five cross-sectional, population-based Five-City Project surveys (conducted in 1979-1980, 1981-1982, 1983-1984, 1985-1986, and 1989-1990); these surveys randomly sampled households and included all residents aged 12 to 74 years. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Improved smoking advice rates over time in all towns was an a priori hypothesis. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of the 2710 current smokers, 48.8% stated that their physicians had ever advised them to smoke less or stop smoking. Respondents were more likely to have been so advised if they smoked more cigarettes per day, were surveyed later in the decade, had more office visits in the last year, or were older. In 1979-1980, 44.1% of smokers stated that they had ever been advised to smoke less or to quit by a physician, vs 49.8% of smokers in 1989-1990 (<i>P</i>&lt;.07). Only 3.6% of 1672 ex-smokers stated that their physicians had helped them quit. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —These findings suggest that physicians still need to increase smoking cessation counseling to all patients, particularly adolescents and other young smokers, minorities, and those without cigarette-related disease. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:3139-3144)
Epidemiology of Diarrhea in Travelers
Authors: Robert Steffen
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To investigate diarrhea in tourists on a worldwide scale, 16,568 passengers were interviewed during their flights home from 13 destinations in various climatic regions. Significant differences in diarrheal incidence were observed between individual destinations and also between hotels in the same area. The highest rates exceeded 50%. Younger persons were more often affected. Sex, travel characteristics, and a record of former tropical journeys influenced the incidence to a minor degree. Even in the tropics, diarrhea usually takes a short (average, 3.6 days) and mild (average of 4.6 stools per day) course. Prophylactic or therapeutic medication only slightly influenced these values. The various regions showed minor differences in chronology and symptomatology. This is consistent with quantitative rather than qualitative geographic variations in causative agents. The traditional nutritional recommendations for prophylaxis seemed to be unrealistic and usually unsuccessful. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:1176-1180)