tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An <scp>EAACI</scp> review: Go green in health care and research. Practical suggestions for sustainability in clinical practice, laboratories, and scientific meetings
Authors: Isabella Pali‐Schöll, Kerstin Hermuth‐Kleinschmidt, Stephanie Dramburg, Ioana Agache, Hanna Mayerhofer, Erika Jensen‐Jarolim, Anna Goshua, Kari C. Nadeau
Journal: Allergy (2023)

Abstract Health care professionals (HCPs) and researchers in the health care sector dedicate their professional life to maintaining and optimizing the health of their patients. To achieve this, significant amounts of resources are used and currently it is estimated that the health care sector contributes to more than 4% of net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. GHG emissions adversely impact planetary health and consequently human health, as the two are intricately linked. There are many factors of health care that contribute to these emissions. Hospitals and research labs also use high amounts of consumables which require large amounts of raw materials and energy to produce. They are further responsible for polluting the environment via disposal of plastics, drug products, and other chemicals. To maintain and develop state‐of‐the‐art best practices and treatments, medical experts exchange and update their knowledge on methods and technologies in the respective fields at highly specialized scientific meetings. These meetings necessitate thousands of attendants traveling around the globe. Therefore, while the goal of HCPs is to care for the individual, current practices have an enormous (indirect) impact on the health of the patients by their negative environmental impacts. There is an urgent need for HCPs and researchers to mitigate these detrimental effects. The installation of a sustainability‐manager at health care facilities and research organizations to implement sustainable practices while still providing quality health care is desirable. Increased use of telemedicine, virtual/hybrid conferences and green chemistry have recently been observed. The benefits of these practices need to be evaluated and implemented as appropriate. With this manuscript, we aim to increase the awareness about the negative impacts of the health care system (including health care research) on planetary and human health. We suggest some easy and highly impactful steps and encourage health care professionals and research scientists of all hierarchical levels to immediately implement them in their professional as well as private life to counteract the health care sector's detrimental effects on the environment.
Mental Illness Following Physical Assault Among Children
Authors: Étienne Archambault, Simone N. Vigod, Hilary K. Brown, Hong Lu, Kinwah Fung, Michelle Shouldice, Natasha Ruth Saunders
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Physical assault during childhood is common and can lead to lasting mental health problems. Yet, there are few studies on the patterns of mental illness (ie, timing of onset, type, and acuity) in survivors of physical assault.To determine the risk of incident health record diagnoses of mental illness among children who experienced assault compared with children who did not.This population-based matched cohort study used linked health administrative data sets in Ontario, Canada. Children aged 0 to 13 years who experienced an incident physical assault between 2006 and 2014 were age-matched (1:4) to children who had not experienced assault and followed up for a minimum of 5 years. Data were analyzed from January 2020 to March 2022.Physical assault resulting in hospitalization or an emergency department (ED) visit between the ages of 0 and 13 years.The primary outcome was incident health record diagnosis of mental illness measured as any physician or hospital mental health care use or completed suicide. Secondary outcome measures included the acuity of incident mental illness and mental illness diagnostic category. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis generated hazard ratios (HR) for incident mental illness.A total of 21 948 children unexposed to assault and 5487 exposed to assault were included in the study with a mean (SD) age of 7.0 (4.6) years. There were more boys in the group that experienced assault (3006 individuals [54.8%]) compared with the group who did not (9909 individuals [45.1%]). Compared with children unexposed to assault, those exposed were more likely to be in the highest deprivation index quintile (standardized difference, 0.21) and live in rural areas (standardized difference, 0.48). Their mothers more often had active mental illness (standardized difference, 0.35). More than one-third of the exposed children had a health record diagnosis of mental illness (2219 children [38.6%]; incidence rate (IR), 53.3 per 1000 person-years) compared with 23.4% (5130 children; IR, 32.2 per 1000 person-years) of unexposed children, with an overall adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.96 (95% CI, 1.85-2.08). The greatest risk was observed in the first year following the assault (aHR, 3.08; 95% CI, 2.68-3.54). In both groups, nonpsychotic disorders were the most common type of mental illness. Initial mental illness diagnoses occurred in an acute care setting for 14.0% of exposed children (769 children) vs 2.8% of unexposed children (609 children).In this population-based matched cohort study, children who experienced assault had, on average, a 2 times higher risk of receiving a mental illness diagnosis and were more likely than children who had not experienced assault to present to acute care for mental illness. Early intervention to support mental health of assaulted children is warranted, particularly in the first year following assault.
IL-6 translation is a therapeutic target of human cytokine release syndrome
Authors: Yuzhuo Yang, Yajing Zhang, Xiaoyan Xing, Gang Xu, Xin Lin, Yao Wang, Meixia Chen, Chunmeng Wang, Bin Zhang, Weidong Han, Xiaoyu Hu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2023)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T therapies have achieved remarkable success for treating hematologic malignancies, yet are often accompanied by severe cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Here, an accidental clinical observation raised the possibility that metoprolol, an FDA-approved β1 adrenergic receptor blocker widely used for cardiovascular conditions, may alleviate CAR T–induced CRS. Metoprolol effectively blocked IL-6 production in human monocytes through unexpected mechanisms of action of targeting IL-6 protein translation but not IL6 mRNA expression. Mechanistically, metoprolol diminished IL-6 protein synthesis via attenuating eEF2K–eEF2 axis–regulated translation elongation. Furthermore, an investigator-initiated phase I/II clinical trial demonstrated a favorable safety profile of metoprolol in CRS management and showed that metoprolol significantly alleviated CAR T–induced CRS without compromising CAR T efficacy. These results repurposed metoprolol, a WHO essential drug, as a potential therapeutic for CRS and implicated IL-6 translation as a mechanistic target of metoprolol, opening venues for protein translation–oriented drug developments for human inflammatory diseases.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Residents of Conflict-Affected Towns
Authors: Solomon Moges, Gebeyaw Molla, Kindie Mekuria, Niguss Molla, Fentaw Girmaw
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

This cross-sectional study assesses the prevalence of and risk factors associated with posttraumatic stress disorder in a large conflict-affected area in Ethiopia.
Trial: AI-Supported Mammography Screening Is Safe, Time-Saving
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Current state and prospects of artificial intelligence in allergy
Authors: Merlijn van Breugel, Rudolf S. N. Fehrmann, Marnix Bügel, Faisal I. Rezwan, John W. Holloway, Martijn C. Nawijn, Sara Fontanella, Adnan Custovic, Gerard H. Koppelman
Journal: Allergy (2023)

Abstract The field of medicine is witnessing an exponential growth of interest in artificial intelligence (AI), which enables new research questions and the analysis of larger and new types of data. Nevertheless, applications that go beyond proof of concepts and deliver clinical value remain rare, especially in the field of allergy. This narrative review provides a fundamental understanding of the core concepts of AI and critically discusses its limitations and open challenges, such as data availability and bias, along with potential directions to surmount them. We provide a conceptual framework to structure AI applications within this field and discuss forefront case examples. Most of these applications of AI and machine learning in allergy concern supervised learning and unsupervised clustering, with a strong emphasis on diagnosis and subtyping. A perspective is shared on guidelines for good AI practice to guide readers in applying it effectively and safely, along with prospects of field advancement and initiatives to increase clinical impact. We anticipate that AI can further deepen our knowledge of disease mechanisms and contribute to precision medicine in allergy.
CDC Recommends RSV Immunization for Infants
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Paternal Depression and Risk of Depression Among Offspring
Authors: Berihun Dachew, Getinet Ayano, Bereket Duko, Blake Lawrence, Kim Betts, Rosa Alati
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Existing epidemiological evidence is equivocal as to whether paternal depression poses a consequent risk of depression in offspring; meta-analysis of findings can help inform preventative intervention efforts. Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies examining the association between paternal and offspring depression. Data Sources Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched between inception and December 2022. Study Selection The review included all observational studies that investigated the association between paternal and offspring depression and 10 606 studies were initially identified. Data Extraction and Synthesis This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. The review protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were pooled using inverse variance weighted random effect meta-analysis. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome of interest was offspring depression measured using recognized depression assessment tools. Results Sixteen observational studies published between 2002 and 2021 were included, with a combined sample of 7 153 723 father-child dyads. A meta-analysis of these studies showed that paternal depression was associated with an increased risk of depression in offspring (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.17-1.71). The risk was higher among offspring exposed to paternal depressive disorders (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.28-2.12) than those exposed to depression as defined by a nonclinical symptom scale (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.06-1.19). Sensitivity analysis revealed consistent pooled estimates ranging from 1.35 (95% CI, 1.12-1.62) to 1.45 (95% CI, 1.18-1.78). Conclusions and Relevance Paternal depression was associated with subsequent offspring depression. This finding shows the intergenerational transmission of mental health problems and suggests that mental health interventions benefit not only the patient but also the family as a whole, including both parents.
Prehospital screening of acute stroke with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (ParaNASPP): a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mona Guterud, Helge Fagerheim Bugge, Jo R⊘islien, Jo Kramer-Johansen, Mathias Toft, Hege Ihle-Hansen, Kristi G Bache, Karianne Larsen, Anne-Cathrine Braarud, Else Charlotte Sandset, Maren Ranhoff Hov
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2023)
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in skin wound healing: roles, opportunities and challenges
Authors: Jia-Yi Ding, Min-Jiang Chen, Ling-Feng Wu, Gao-Feng Shu, Shi-Ji Fang, Zhao-Yu Li, Xu-Ran Chu, Xiao-Kun Li, Zhou-Guang Wang, Jian-Song Ji
Journal: Military Medical Research (2023)

Abstract Skin wounds are characterized by injury to the skin due to trauma, tearing, cuts, or contusions. As such injuries are common to all human groups, they may at times represent a serious socioeconomic burden. Currently, increasing numbers of studies have focused on the role of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in skin wound repair. As a cell-free therapy, MSC-derived EVs have shown significant application potential in the field of wound repair as a more stable and safer option than conventional cell therapy. Treatment based on MSC-derived EVs can significantly promote the repair of damaged substructures, including the regeneration of vessels, nerves, and hair follicles. In addition, MSC-derived EVs can inhibit scar formation by affecting angiogenesis-related and antifibrotic pathways in promoting macrophage polarization, wound angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and cell migration, and by inhibiting excessive extracellular matrix production. Additionally, these structures can serve as a scaffold for components used in wound repair, and they can be developed into bioengineered EVs to support trauma repair. Through the formulation of standardized culture, isolation, purification, and drug delivery strategies, exploration of the detailed mechanism of EVs will allow them to be used as clinical treatments for wound repair. In conclusion, MSC-derived EVs-based therapies have important application prospects in wound repair. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of their current status, application potential, and associated drawbacks.
Cancer mortality after low dose exposure to ionising radiation in workers in France, the United Kingdom, and the United States (INWORKS): cohort study
Authors: David B Richardson, Klervi Leuraud, Dominique Laurier, Michael Gillies, Richard Haylock, Kaitlin Kelly-Reif, Stephen Bertke, Robert D Daniels, Isabelle Thierry-Chef, Monika Moissonnier, Ausrele Kesminiene, Mary K Schubauer-Berigan
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of protracted low dose, low dose rate exposure to ionising radiation on the risk of cancer. Design Multinational cohort study. Setting Cohorts of workers in the nuclear industry in France, the UK, and the US included in a major update to the International Nuclear Workers Study (INWORKS). Participants 309 932 workers with individual monitoring data for external exposure to ionising radiation and a total follow-up of 10.7 million person years. Main outcome measures Estimates of excess relative rate per gray (Gy) of radiation dose for mortality from cancer. Results The study included 103 553 deaths, of which 28 089 were due to solid cancers. The estimated rate of mortality due to solid cancer increased with cumulative dose by 52% (90% confidence interval 27% to 77%) per Gy, lagged by 10 years. Restricting the analysis to the low cumulative dose range (0-100 mGy) approximately doubled the estimate of association (and increased the width of its confidence interval), as did restricting the analysis to workers hired in the more recent years of operations when estimates of occupational external penetrating radiation dose were recorded more accurately. Exclusion of deaths from lung cancer and pleural cancer had a modest effect on the estimated magnitude of association, providing indirect evidence that the association was not substantially confounded by smoking or occupational exposure to asbestos. Conclusions This major update to INWORKS provides a direct estimate of the association between protracted low dose exposure to ionising radiation and solid cancer mortality based on some of the world’s most informative cohorts of radiation workers. The summary estimate of excess relative rate solid cancer mortality per Gy is larger than estimates currently informing radiation protection, and some evidence suggests a steeper slope for the dose-response association in the low dose range than over the full dose range. These results can help to strengthen radiation protection, especially for low dose exposures that are of primary interest in contemporary medical, occupational, and environmental settings.
Divergent Findings in the Diagnosis of ATTR-CM Using Common Cardiac Diagnostics and 99mTc-DPD Scintigraphy
Authors: Sophie C. Kunte, Stéphanie K. Schwarting, Adrien Holzgreve, Caroline Wöhrle, Marcus Unterrainer, Peter Bartenstein, Lena M. Unterrainer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract A 77-year-old man presented with progressive deterioration of physical capacity after successful percutaneous coronary intervention of known chronic coronary syndrome. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed hypertrophy of the left ventricle, and electrocardiogram showed low QRS voltage in all leads. 99m Tc-DPD scintigraphy was conducted to differentiate etiology such as amyloidosis and revealed increased cardiac tracer uptake in the left (grade 3) and right ventricle. Immunofixation showed no signs of paraproteinemia or Bence-Jones proteinuria. Thus, biventricular involvement of ATTR-cardiomyopathy was identified by 99m Tc-DPD scintigraphy. This approach should be considered if hypertrophic phenotype is present in patients with persistent deterioration of physical capacity not attributable to coronary artery disease.
Bacterial Magnetosome‐Hitchhiked Quick‐Frozen Neutrophils for Targeted Destruction of Pre‐Metastatic Niche and Prevention of Tumor Metastasis
Authors: Xiaoqing Han, Xingbo Wang, Jiao Yan, Panpan Song, Yanjing Wang, Chao Shang, Yunyun Wu, Hua Zhang, Zhenxin Wang, Haiyuan Zhang, Xi Li
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Premetastatic niche (PMN) is a prerequisite for tumor metastasis. Destruction of PMN can significantly suppress the tumor metastasis. Bone marrow-derived cells are usually recruited into the premetastatic organs to support PMN formation, which can be orchestrated by tumor-derived secreted factors. Neutrophils can chemotactically migrate towards the inflammatory sites and consume tumor-derived secreted factors, capable of acting as therapeutic agents for a broad-spectrum suppression of PMN formation and metastasis. However, neutrophils in response to inflammatory signals can release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), promoting the tumor metastasis. Herein, live neutrophils are converted into dead neutrophils (C NE) through a quick-frozen process to maintain PMN-targeting and tumor-derived secreted factor-consuming abilities but eliminate NET-releasing shortcomings. Considering macrophages-regulated remodeling of the extracellular matrix in PMN, bacterial magnetosomes (Mag) are further hitchhiked on the surface of C NE to form C NEMag , which can repolarize macrophages from M2 to M1 phenotype for further disruption of PMN formation. A series of in vitro and in vivo assessments have been applied to confirm the effectiveness of C NEMag in suppression of PMN formation and metastasis. This study presents a promising strategy for targeted anti-metastatic therapy in clinics.