tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radiotherapy Alone vs Radiotherapy With Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy and Survival of Patients With Low-Risk Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Liu, Ye Zhang
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Responses to Vitamin D Supplementation in Individuals With Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Katherine N. Bachmann
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Deirdre K. Tobias, ScD; Heike Luttmann-Gibson, PhD; Samia Mora, MD, MHS; Jacqueline Danik, MD, DrPH; Vadim Bubes, PhD; Trisha Copeland, MS, RD; Meryl S. LeBoff, MD; Nancy R. Cook, ScD; I-Min Lee, MD, ScD; Julie E. Buring, ScD; JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH
Radiotherapy Alone vs Radiotherapy With Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy and Survival of Patients With Low-Risk Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Ya-Ting Hu, Yung-Shuo Kao
Journal: JAMA (2023)

To the Editor We have several comments about the recent study1 that found that intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) alone was not inferior for 3-year failure-free survival compared with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with low-risk nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
Updated Labeling for Capecitabine, a 25-Year-Old Cancer Drug
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Timing of Blood Draws Among Patients Hospitalized in a Large Academic Medical Center
Authors: César Caraballo, Shiwani Mahajan, Karthik Murugiah, Bobak J. Mortazavi, Yuan Lu, Rohan Khera, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: JAMA (2023)

This study describes the degree to which blood draws occurred among hospitalized patients during traditional sleep hours and investigates trends over time.
Management of Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias Including Chronic Cluster
Authors: Hans Christoph Diener, Cristina Tassorelli, David W. Dodick
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) comprise a unique collection of primary headache disorders characterized by moderate or severe unilateral pain, localized in in the area of distribution of the first branch of the trigeminal nerve, accompanied by cranial autonomic symptoms and signs. Most TACs are rare diseases, which hampers the possibility of performing randomized clinical trials and large studies. Therefore, knowledge of treatment efficacy must be based only on observational studies, rare disease registries, and case reports, where real-world data and evidence play an important role in health care decisions.Chronic cluster headache is the most common of these disorders, and the literature offers some evidence from randomized clinical trials to support the use of pharmacologic and neurostimulation treatments. Galcanezumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide, was not effective at 3 months in a randomized clinical trial but showed efficacy at 12 months in a large case series. For the other TACs (ie, paroxysmal hemicrania, hemicrania continua, short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing, and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms), only case reports and case series are available to guide physicians in everyday management.The accumulation of epidemiologic, pathophysiologic, natural history knowledge, and data from case series and small controlled trials, especially over the past 20 years from investigators around the world, has added to the previously limited evidence and has helped advance and inform the treatment approach to rare TACs, which can be extremely challenging for clinicians.
Successful restoration of spermatogenesis following gender-affirming hormone therapy in transgender women
Authors: Iris de Nie, Norah M. van Mello, Emanuel Vlahakis, Charlie Cooper, Angus Peri, Martin den Heijer, Andreas Meißner, Judith Huirne, Ken C. Pang
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2023)

Increasing numbers of transgender individuals are presenting for gender-affirming medical care. For trans women, gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) promotes feminization but also inhibits spermatogenesis. There is a common untested assumption that this inhibition is permanent, resulting in infertility. In this longitudinal study, we report the recovery of viable spermatozoa in nine trans women who stopped GAHT for reproductive purposes. Our preliminary findings suggest that the negative impact of GAHT on spermatogenesis can be reversed, casting doubt on previous claims that GAHT in trans women inevitably leads to permanent infertility. Larger studies are needed to confirm our findings, which have implications not only for fertility counseling and the reproductive options of transgender individuals but also efforts to restrict access to GAHT based on fertility grounds.
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin Reduces Infarct Size Independently of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2
Authors: Sha Chen, Qian Wang, Andriana Christodoulou, Nikolaos Mylonas, Diane Bakker, Rianne Nederlof, Markus W. Hollmann, Nina C. Weber, Ruben Coronel, Vincent Wakker, Vincent M. Christoffels, Ioanna Andreadou, Coert J. Zuurbier
Journal: Circulation (2023)
A New Era in Cardiac Rehabilitation Delivery: Research Gaps, Questions, Strategies, and Priorities
Authors: Alexis L. Beatty, Theresa M. Beckie, John Dodson, Carly M. Goldstein, Joel W. Hughes, William E. Kraus, Seth S. Martin, Thomas P. Olson, Quinn R. Pack, Haley Stolp, Randal J. Thomas, Wen-Chih Wu, Barry A. Franklin
Journal: Circulation (2023)

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a guideline-recommended, multidisciplinary program of exercise training, risk factor management, and psychosocial counseling for people with cardiovascular disease (CVD) that is beneficial but underused and with substantial disparities in referral, access, and participation. The emergence of new virtual and remote delivery models has the potential to improve access to and participation in CR and ultimately improve outcomes for people with CVD. Although data suggest that new delivery models for CR have safety and efficacy similar to traditional in-person CR, questions remain regarding which participants are most likely to benefit from these models, how and where such programs should be delivered, and their effect on outcomes in diverse populations. In this review, we describe important gaps in evidence, identify relevant research questions, and propose strategies for addressing them. We highlight 4 research priorities: (1) including diverse populations in all CR research; (2) leveraging implementation methodologies to enhance equitable delivery of CR; (3) clarifying which populations are most likely to benefit from virtual and remote CR; and (4) comparing traditional in-person CR with virtual and remote CR in diverse populations using multicenter studies of important clinical, psychosocial, and cost-effectiveness outcomes that are relevant to patients, caregivers, providers, health systems, and payors. By framing these important questions, we hope to advance toward a goal of delivering high-quality CR to as many people as possible to improve outcomes in those with CVD.
The future of patient-derived xenografts in prostate cancer research
Authors: Mitchell G. Lawrence, Renea A. Taylor, Georgia B. Cuffe, Lisa S. Ang, Ashlee K. Clark, David L. Goode, Laura H. Porter, Clémentine Le Magnen, Nora M. Navone, Jack A. Schalken, Yuzhuo Wang, Wytske M. van Weerden, Eva Corey, John T. Isaacs, Peter S. Nelson, Gail P. Risbridger
Journal: Nature Reviews Urology (2023)
Dissolvable polymeric microneedles loaded with aspirin for antiplatelet aggregation
Authors: Baorui Wang, Suohui Zhang, Guozhong Yang, Zequan Zhou, Mengzhen Xing, Han Liu, Aguo Cheng, Yunhua Gao
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2023)

To reduce mucosal damage in the gastrointestinal tract caused by aspirin, we developed a dissolvable polymeric microneedle (MN) patch loaded with aspirin. Biodegradable polymers provide mechanical strength to the MNs. The MN tips punctured the cuticle of the skin and dissolved when in contact with the subcutaneous tissue. The aspirin in the MN patch is delivered continuously through an array of micropores created by the punctures, providing a stable plasma concentration of aspirin. The factors affecting the stability of aspirin during MNs fabrication were comprehensively analyzed, and the hydrolysis rate of aspirin in the MNs was less than 2%. Compared to oral administration, MN administration not only had a smoother plasma concentration curve but also resulted in a lower effective dose of antiplatelet aggregation. Aspirin-loaded MNs were mildly irritating to the skin, causing only slight erythema on the skin and recovery within 24 h. In summary, aspirin-loaded MNs provide a new method to reduce gastrointestinal adverse effects in patients requiring aspirin regularly.
FUS-ALS hiPSC-derived astrocytes impair human motor units through both gain-of-toxicity and loss-of-support mechanisms
Authors: Katarina Stoklund Dittlau, Lisanne Terrie, Pieter Baatsen, Axelle Kerstens, Lim De Swert, Rekin’s Janky, Nikky Corthout, Pegah Masrori, Philip Van Damme, Poul Hyttel, Morten Meyer, Lieven Thorrez, Kristine Freude, Ludo Van Den Bosch
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2023)

Abstract Background Astrocytes play a crucial, yet not fully elucidated role in the selective motor neuron pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Among other responsibilities, astrocytes provide important neuronal homeostatic support, however this function is highly compromised in ALS. The establishment of fully human coculture systems can be used to further study the underlying mechanisms of the dysfunctional intercellular interplay, and has the potential to provide a platform for revealing novel therapeutic entry points. Methods In this study, we characterised human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived astrocytes from FUS -ALS patients, and incorporated these cells into a human motor unit microfluidics model to investigate the astrocytic effect on hiPSC-derived motor neuron network and functional neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) using immunocytochemistry and live-cell recordings. FUS -ALS cocultures were systematically compared to their CRISPR-Cas9 gene-edited isogenic control systems. Results We observed a dysregulation of astrocyte homeostasis, which resulted in a FUS -ALS-mediated increase in reactivity and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Upon coculture with motor neurons and myotubes, we detected a cytotoxic effect on motor neuron-neurite outgrowth, NMJ formation and functionality, which was improved or fully rescued by isogenic control astrocytes. We demonstrate that ALS astrocytes have both a gain-of-toxicity and loss-of-support function involving the WNT/β-catenin pathway, ultimately contributing to the disruption of motor neuron homeostasis, intercellular networks and NMJs. Conclusions Our findings shine light on a complex, yet highly important role of astrocytes in ALS, and provides further insight in to their pathological mechanisms. Graphical Abstract
Harnessing the MYB-dependent TAL1 5’super-enhancer for targeted therapy in T-ALL
Authors: Charlotte Smith, Aurore Touzart, Mathieu Simonin, Christine Tran-Quang, Guillaume Hypolite, Mehdi Latiri, Guillaume P. Andrieu, Estelle Balducci, Marie-Émilie Dourthe, Ashish Goyal, Françoise Huguet, Arnaud Petit, Norbert Ifrah, André Baruchel, Hervé Dombret, Elizabeth Macintyre, Christoph Plass, Jacques Ghysdael, Nicolas Boissel, Vahid Asnafi
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2023)

Abstract The acquisition of genetic abnormalities engendering oncogene dysregulation underpins cancer development. Certain proto-oncogenes possess several dysregulation mechanisms, yet how each mechanism impacts clinical outcome is unclear. Using T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) as an example, we show that patients harboring 5’super-enhancer (5’SE) mutations of the TAL1 oncogene identifies a specific patient subgroup with poor prognosis irrespective of the level of oncogene dysregulation. Remarkably, the MYB dependent oncogenic 5’SE can be targeted using Mebendazole to induce MYB protein degradation and T-ALL cell death. Of note Mebendazole treatment demonstrated efficacy in vivo in T-ALL preclinical models. Our work provides proof of concept that within a specific oncogene driven cancer, the mechanism of oncogene dysregulation rather than the oncogene itself can identify clinically distinct patient subgroups and pave the way for future super-enhancer targeting therapy.
Predictive and prognostic potential of liver function assessment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic literature review
Authors: Arndt Vogel, Robin K. Kelley, Philip Johnson, Philippe Merle, Thomas Yau, Masatoshi Kudo, Tim Meyer, Lorenza Rimassa
Journal: Liver Cancer (2023)

Introduction: We conducted a systematic literature review to assess the utility of liver function assessments for predicting disease prognosis and response to systemic anticancer therapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC). Methods: This was a PRISMA-standard review and was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021244588). MEDLINE and Embase were systematically searched (March 24, 2021) to identify publications reporting the efficacy and/or safety of systemic anticancer therapy (vs. any/no comparator) in liver-function-defined subgroups in phase 2 or 3 aHCC trials. Screening was completed by a single reviewer, with uncertainties resolved by a second reviewer and/or the authors. English-language full-text articles and congress abstracts were eligible for inclusion. Included publications were described and assessed for risk of bias using the GRADE methodology. Results: Twenty (of 2,579) screened publications were eligible; seven categorized liver function using the albumin-bilirubin system, nine using the Child-Pugh system, four using both. GRADE assessment classified ten, nine, and one publication(s) as reporting moderate-quality, low-quality, and very-low-quality evidence, respectively. Analyses of cross-trial trends of within-exposure arm analyses (active and control) reported a positive relationship between baseline liver function and overall survival and progression-free survival, supporting liver function as a prognostic marker in aHCC. There were also signals for a modest relationship between more preserved baseline liver function and extent of systemic treatment benefit, and with more preserved liver function and lower incidence of safety events. Conclusion: This review supports liver function as a prognostic variable in aHCC and highlights the value of a priori stratification of patients by baseline liver function in aHCC trials. The predictive value of liver function warrants further study. Findings were limited by the quality of available data.
Current understanding of the intratumoral microbiome in various tumors
Authors: Chen Xue, Qingfei Chu, Qiuxian Zheng, Xin Yuan, Yuanshuai Su, Zhengyi Bao, Juan Lu, Lanjuan Li
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2023)

•Intratumoral microbes have been revealed to exist in many cancers•Intratumoral microbes affect the host immune and tumor chemotherapy•The characteristics and roles of intratumoral microbes in tumors were summarized•Exploring biomarkers for tumor diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis It is estimated that in the future, the number of new cancer cases worldwide will exceed the 19.3 million recorded in 2020, and the number of deaths will exceed 10 million. Cancer remains the leading cause of human mortality and lagging socioeconomic development. Intratumoral microbes have been revealed to exist in many cancer types, including pancreatic, colorectal, liver, esophageal, breast, and lung cancers. Intratumoral microorganisms affect not only the host immune system, but also the effectiveness of tumor chemotherapy. This review concentrates on the characteristics and roles of intratumoral microbes in various tumors. In addition, the potential of therapies targeting intratumoral microbes, as well as the main challenges currently delaying these therapies, are explored. Furthermore, we briefly summarize existing technical methods used to characterize intratumoral microbes. We hope to provide ideas for exploring intratumoral microbes as potential biomarkers and targets for tumor diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication. It is estimated that in the future, the number of new cancer cases worldwide will exceed the 19.3 million recorded in 2020, and the number of deaths will exceed 10 million. Cancer remains the leading cause of human mortality and lagging socioeconomic development. Intratumoral microbes have been revealed to exist in many cancer types, including pancreatic, colorectal, liver, esophageal, breast, and lung cancers. Intratumoral microorganisms affect not only the host immune system, but also the effectiveness of tumor chemotherapy. This review concentrates on the characteristics and roles of intratumoral microbes in various tumors. In addition, the potential of therapies targeting intratumoral microbes, as well as the main challenges currently delaying these therapies, are explored. Furthermore, we briefly summarize existing technical methods used to characterize intratumoral microbes. We hope to provide ideas for exploring intratumoral microbes as potential biomarkers and targets for tumor diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication.
Non-canonical inflammasome activation mediates the adjuvanticity of nanoparticles
Authors: Natalia Muñoz-Wolf, Ross W. Ward, Claire H. Hearnden, Fiona A. Sharp, Joan Geoghegan, Katie O’Grady, Craig P. McEntee, Katharine A. Shanahan, Coralie Guy, Andrew G. Bowie, Matthew Campbell, Carla.B. Roces, Giulia Anderluzzi, Cameron Webb, Yvonne Perrie, Emma Creagh, Ed C. Lavelle
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2023)

The non-canonical inflammasome sensor caspase-11 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) drive inflammation and pyroptosis, a type of immunogenic cell death that favors cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in cancer, infection, and autoimmunity. Here we show that caspase-11 and GSDMD are required for CD8+ and Th1 responses induced by nanoparticulate vaccine adjuvants. We demonstrate that nanoparticle-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) are size dependent and essential for CMI, and we identify 50- to 60-nm nanoparticles as optimal inducers of ROS, GSDMD activation, and Th1 and CD8+ responses. We reveal a division of labor for IL-1 and IL-18, where IL-1 supports Th1 and IL-18 promotes CD8+ responses. Exploiting size as a key attribute, we demonstrate that biodegradable poly-lactic co-glycolic acid nanoparticles are potent CMI-inducing adjuvants. Our work implicates ROS and the non-canonical inflammasome in the mode of action of polymeric nanoparticulate adjuvants and establishes adjuvant size as a key design principle for vaccines against cancer and intracellular pathogens.
Immunogenomic analysis of human brain metastases reveals diverse immune landscapes across genetically distinct tumors
Authors: Ángel F. Álvarez-Prado, Roeltje R. Maas, Klara Soukup, Florian Klemm, Mara Kornete, Fanny S. Krebs, Vincent Zoete, Sabina Berezowska, Jean-Philippe Brouland, Andreas F. Hottinger, Roy T. Daniel, Monika E. Hegi, Johanna A. Joyce
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2023)

Brain metastases (BrMs) are the most common form of brain tumors in adults and frequently originate from lung and breast primary cancers. BrMs are associated with high mortality, emphasizing the need for more effective therapies. Genetic profiling of primary tumors is increasingly used as part of the effort to guide targeted therapies against BrMs, and immune-based strategies for the treatment of metastatic cancer are gaining momentum. However, the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of BrM is extremely heterogeneous, and whether specific genetic profiles are associated with distinct immune states remains unknown. Here, we perform an extensive characterization of the immunogenomic landscape of human BrMs by combining whole-exome/whole-genome sequencing, RNA sequencing of immune cell populations, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, and tissue imaging analyses. This revealed unique TIME phenotypes in genetically distinct lung- and breast-BrMs, thereby enabling the development of personalized immunotherapies tailored by the genetic makeup of the tumors.
The return of spermatogenesis in transgender women ceasing gender-affirming hormone therapy
Authors: Mabel Yau, Joshua D. Safer
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2023)

Fertility has become a priority in transgender health research. In this issue of Cell Reports Medicine, a study by de Nie et al.1 of nine transgender women demonstrates sperm production after the cessation of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT). Their results suggest the transient nature of gonadal suppression by GAHT.
Fatty acid overproduction by gut commensal microbiota exacerbates obesity
Authors: Tadashi Takeuchi, Keishi Kameyama, Eiji Miyauchi, Yumiko Nakanishi, Takashi Kanaya, Takayoshi Fujii, Tamotsu Kato, Takaharu Sasaki, Naoko Tachibana, Hiroki Negishi, Misato Matsui, Hiroshi Ohno
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2023)
Amphiphilic peptide-tagged N-cadherin forms radial glial-like fibers that enhance neuronal migration in injured brain and promote sensorimotor recovery
Authors: Yuya Ohno, Chikako Nakajima, Itsuki Ajioka, Takahiro Muraoka, Atsuya Yaguchi, Teppei Fujioka, Saori Akimoto, Misaki Matsuo, Ahmed Lotfy, Sayuri Nakamura, Vicente Herranz-Pérez, José Manuel García-Verdugo, Noriyuki Matsukawa, Naoko Kaneko, Kazunobu Sawamoto
Journal: Biomaterials (2023)