Abstract LB025: Malat1-Serpinb6b signaling blocks T cells-mediated pyroptosis and governs cancer dormancy metastatic reactivation
Authors: Dhiraj Kumar, Filippo Giancotti
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Metastatic relapse is the major causes of mortality in patients with cancer and occur due to metastatic reactivation of dormant tumor cells. Early dissemination of tumor cells undergoing a protected period of dormancy in the target organs potentially explains this prevalent clinical behavior. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in various biological processes and diseases. Malat1 is one of the most abundant and highly conserved nuclear lncRNAs and have shown the associated with metastasis and serving as a predictive marker for various tumor progression. However, the correlation of tumor intrinsic lncRNAs in regulation of tumor dormancy and immune evasion are largely unknown. Using an in vivo screening platform for the isolation of genetic entities involved in either dormancy or reactivation of breast cancer tumor cells, we have identified Malat1 as a positive mediator of metastatic reactivation. To dissect the functional role of Malat1 in metastatic reactivation, we developed a clean Malat1 knockout (KO) model using paired gRNA CRISPR-Cas9 in metastatic murine syngeneic breast cancer. As a proof of concept, we also used inducible knockdown system under in vivo models. To delineate the immune microenvironment, we used single cell RNA-seq, ChIRP-seq, multicolor flowcytometry, RNA-FISH, and coculture experiments. Our data revealed that deletion of Malat1 induces dormancy and attenuated the metastatic colonization resulting in long-term survival of syngeneic mice model. In contrast, overexpression of Malat1 leads to metastatic reactivation of dormant breast cancer cells. Interestingly, 4T1-Malat1 KO dormant breast cancer cells exhibit metastatic outgrowth in T cells defective mice. Our single-cell RNA-seq and multicolor flowcytometry evaluation reveal enhanced T cells and reduced neutrophils proportions in mice with Malat1 KO cells. This indicates a critical role of immune microenvironment via Malat1-dependent immune evasion. Additionally, Malat1 KO inhibits cancer stemness properties. Similarly, RNA-seq and ChIRP-seq data suggest that KO of Malat1 hampers immune evasion and downregulates metastasis associated genes including Serpins and Wnts. Additionally, our data strongly suggests that Malat1 KO cells persists as non-proliferative dormant cells in lung due to CD8+ T cell-umpired immune activity. Our mechanistic studies showed that Malat1 regulated Sepinb6b blocks the CstG enzymatic activity and suppress cleavage of GsdmD and T cells induced pyroptosis. Interestingly, rescue experiments suggest that Malat1 or Serpinb6b protects T cell-induced cell death and induces dormancy re-awakening thereby rescue the metastatic potential of 4T1 Malat1 KO cells. Combination of Malat1 ASO with double immune checkpoint inhibitors greatly affects the metastatic outgrowth in breast cancer. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that tumor intrinsic Malat1 regulates Serpinb6b that suppresses CstG-GsdmD mediated pyroptosis which eventually promotes immune evasion and breast cancer dormancy metastatic reactivation. Citation Format: Dhiraj Kumar, Filippo Giancotti. Malat1-Serpinb6b signaling blocks T cells-mediated pyroptosis and governs cancer dormancy metastatic reactivation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB025.