tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Global regulations on diabetic treated with insulin and their operation of commercial motor vehicles. DiaMond Project Group on Social Issues.
Authors: Thomas Songer
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Governments often regulate who may and may not drive vocationally for public safety purposes. Recent arguments, however, imply that employment opportunities may be limited unnecessarily for people with medical impairments. Drivers with diabetes treated with insulin are commonly perceived to pose an increased risk of accidents because of their susceptibility to hypoglycaemia. Much uncertainty, though, surrounds the data on the risks of these drivers. An international survey studied the licensing policies applied to professional lorry drivers with diabetes treated with insulin. Responses from 24 countries indicated that regulations differ considerably; ranging from a complete ban on professional driving to no restrictions at all. Many reasons may explain this difference, including the lack of data on the effects of hypoglycaemia on the incidence of traffic accidents. A proper account of the risks of diabetic drivers is necessary to balance fairly the rights of employment against the risks.
Letter on Mr. Liston's Case of Aneurism
Journal: BMJ (1842)

CASE OF ANEURISM.-BURIALSIN CROWD1D DISTIUCTS.the administration of a narcotic poisoIn in, too great quantities ; but the mother, whose act it was, was alonie legally responsible, and hie could Inot sec how the jury could meet the case otherwise than by a ver- dict of " chlance-medley " against her, which he ex-
QuickStats: Age-Adjusted Death Rates* Attributable to Alcohol-Induced Causes,† by Race/Ethnicity — United States, 1999–2015
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

In 2015, mortality from alcohol-induced causes reached the highest rate during 1999-2015 of 9.1 deaths per 100,000 U.S. standard population. Alcohol-induced death rates for the Hispanic population remained the highest (9.9 per 100,000 U.S. standard population), followed by the non-Hispanic white population (9.6). For the non-Hispanic black population, the alcohol-induced death rate decreased 33% from 1999 to 2015, while the rate increased by 50% during the same period for the non-Hispanic white population. Overall, from 1999 to 2015, mortality from alcohol-induced causes increased 28% (7.1 to 9.1).
DJ-1 and Parkin Modulate Dopamine-dependent Behavior and Inhibit MPTP-induced Nigral Dopamine Neuron Loss in Mice
Authors: Jean-Charles Paterna, Andreas Leng, Elisabeth Weber, Joram Feldon, Hansruedi Büeler
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Molecular Therapy (2007) 15, 698–704. doi:10.1038/mt.sj.6300067 During the online publication process the name of the department was misspelled. The correct spelling is “Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology.”
Physicians' guide to airport medicine
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Lung Mast Cell: Its Physiology and Potential Relevance to Defense of the Lung
Authors: Stephen I. Wasserman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

The mast cell, located at mucosal surfaces and surrounding venules, is uniquely positioned to respond rapidly to insults to the host by mediating the development of a wide-ranging inflammatory response. Activaton of the mast cell releases preformed granule-associated chemical mediators and generates de novo biologically active materials. The properties of the mast cell mediators permit development of both acute and prolonged inflammatory responses. the immediate response is characterized by edema and the delayed response by leukocyte infiltration and vascular damage. the mast cell mediators responsible for these inflammatory events are characterized functionally. The vasoactive/smooth muscle reactive mediators include preformed histamine and serotonin and newly-generated platelet activating factor, slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis and prostaglandins. Chemotactic mediators include eosinophil-selective ECF-A and ECF-oligopeptides, neutrophil-selective NCF, and lipid chemotactic mediators with broad specificity. These factors induce directed migration and localization of leukocytes. The mast cell releases the structural proteoglycan, heparin, which is anticoagulant and inhibits complement. Released mast cell enzymes include chymotryptic and tryptic proteases, arylsulfatase, beta-glucuronidase, and hexosaminidase. The proteolytic enzymes may activate inflammatory pathways while the others degrade ground substance. The capacity of the mast cell to enhance vascular permeability, to cause the influx of regulatory or inflammatory leukocytes, and to provide a variety of active enzymes permits regulation of inflammatory events at the site of tissue injury.
Pharmacogenomic Variation of CYP2D6 and the Choice of Optimal Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: A Modeling Analysis
Authors: R. S. Punglia, H. J. Burstein, E. P. Winer, J. C. Weeks
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

Adjuvant endocrine treatment with aromatase inhibitors improves disease-free survival compared with tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer. This difference could be due to differences in tamoxifen metabolism because levels of endoxifen, the active tamoxifen metabolite, vary with the number of mutant alleles, including the *4 allele, of the gene encoding cytochrome P450 2D6 ( CYP2D6 ). We created a Markov model to determine whether tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitor monotherapy maximized 5-year disease-free survival for patients with the wild-type CYP2D6 genotype (wt/wt). Annual risks of recurrence with aromatase inhibitors and tamoxifen in breast cancer patients who were not selected by CYP2D6 genotype were derived from the Breast International Group 1-98 trial. Genotype frequencies and the hazard ratio for cancer recurrence on tamoxifen among patients with the *4/*4 genotype relative to the wt/wt or wt/*4 genotypes (HR *4/*4 = 1.86) were based on data from an analysis of the North Central Cancer Treatment Group trial of adjuvant tamoxifen. We explored the impact of CYP2D6 (*4) heterozygosity on disease-free suvival for wt/wt patients by studying a range of effect (ie, recurrence on tamoxifen) estimates, from no effect of the single mutation (Eff wt/*4 = 0, recurrence rate in wt/*4 patients same as that in wt/wt patients) to complete effect (Eff wt/*4 = 1 recurrence rate in wt/*4 patients same as that in *4/*4 patients). With HR *4/*4 = 1.86 and Eff wt/*4 = 0.5, the 5-year disease-free survival of tamoxifen-treated patients with no mutations (wt/wt) was 83.9%, that is, essentially the same as that (84.0%) for genotypically unselected patients who were treated with aromatase inhibitors. With greater HR *4/*4 estimates, disease-free survival with tamoxifen exceed that with aromatase inhibitors in wt/wt patients, even at lower assumed Eff wt/*4 ratios. Modeling suggests that among patients who are wild type for CYP2D6 , 5-year disease-free survival outcomes are similar to or perhaps even superior with tamoxifen than with aromatase inhibitors. Endocrine therapy tailored to CYP2D6 genotype could be considered for women who are newly diagnosed with breast cancer, particularly those who have with concerns about either the relative toxicity or the increased cost of aromatase inhibitors.
Evidence of functional and structural cardiac abnormalities in cirrhotic patients with and without ascites.
Authors: M Pozzi
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Cirrhosis is associated with cardiovascular abnormalities. Scanty information is available as to whether these include left ventricle diastolic dysfunction and wall thickness increase. To this aim in 27 cirrhotic patients with tense ascites, 17 cirrhotic patients with previous episodes of ascites (not actual), and 11 controls we investigated by echocardiography and echocolor Doppler left ventricle diastolic function (E wave, A wave, E/A ratio, deceleration time of E wave), systolic function (ejection fraction), and wall thickness (left ventricle posterior wall thickness + interventricular septum thickness) along with neurohumoral variables. All measurements (supine position) were repeated after total paracentesis (10.7 +/- 0.6 L of ascites) in ascitic patients. Both in patients with and without ascites E/A ratio was reduced as compared with controls (0.93 +/- 0.07 and 0.97 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.18 +/- 0.08, P < .05) while left ventricle wall thickness was increased (18.6 +/- 0.6 and 20.1 +/- 0.8 vs. 17.2 +/- 0.7, P < .05 and P < .01, respectively), irrespective of the postviral or alcoholic cause of liver disease. In all cirrhotics both right and left atrial and right ventricle diameters were significantly greater. Ejection fraction was slightly but significantly (P < .01) reduced in ascitic patients. Paracentesis induced a reduction of the highly increased basal plasma renin activity, aldosterone, norepinephrine (P < .01), and epinephrine (P < .05) and improved diastolic function (E/A, P < .05). Systolic function was unaffected. Thus, irrespective of ascites and cause, advanced cirrhosis is associated with left ventricle diastolic dysfunction and wall thickness increase. We can speculate that neurohumoral overactivity, known to stimulate cardiac tissue growth, may challenge the heart, promoting fibrosis and exerting a further hindrance to ventricular relaxation in patients with cirrhosis experiencing episodes of ascites. (Hepatology 1997 Nov;26(5):1131-7)
Psychotherapy: Treatment That Attempts to Improve the Condition of a Human Being by Means of Influences That Are Brought to Bear Upon His Mind
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Social and Economic Factors in Patients With Coronary Disease
Authors: Harry B. Burke
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —You recently published two informative studies on social isolation and adverse cardiac events.<sup>1,2</sup>I wonder why Case et al<sup>1</sup>did not find living alone to be a risk factor for cardiac death, while Williams et al<sup>2</sup>did find it to be a risk factor for cardiac death. It is misleading for Case et al to continue to discuss living alone as a risk factor in cardiac death when living alone was not significant in their data (<i>P</i>=.10), and Williams et al never define "close confidant" or tell us how they quantified their social support variable. These points aside, it would have been interesting if the editors ofTHE JOURNALhad suggested that the authors combine their two studies and report their results together. Finally, the idea of Williams et al of social support is very similar to the concept of depression. Might it
Physicians' attitudes on advance directives
Authors: K. W. Davidson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Advance directives provide means for competent individuals to influence treatment decisions in the event of serious illness and subsequent loss of competence, the "living will" being the best known example. Physicians in Arkansas who were identified to be currently engaged in general practice, family medicine, or internal medicine, including its subspecialties (N = 1293), were surveyed to assess attitudes toward and experiences with advance directives. Almost 80% of all respondents expressed a positive attitude and fewer than 2% expressed a negative attitude toward such documents. A majority (55.9%) had actual experience with the instruments in their practices, and 83.5% of these physicians said that their attitude had become more positive as a result of their experience. More frequent employment of advance directives in critical situations was associated with more positive attitudes and experiences. Most of the benefits claimed for advance directives—improved communication and trust, easier and more confident treatment decision, less stress and guilt, and promotion of patient autonomy—were substantiated by the results. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:2415-2419)
OBESITY
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Betty Gilson, MD: keeping the faith
Authors: E. R. Gonzalez
Journal: JAMA (1981)

There are landmarks in our lives—old haunts, old habitations, or places we merely stopped for a moment—that entrench themselves in our memories, symbolizing the small metamorphoses and large transformations we have withstood. For Betty Gilson, MD, one such landmark was a certain hill in Montana. "There's a place called Hill 57," she begins, and her voice acquires a hint of vibrato as she speaks of the years just after World War II. She was a young mother and a new internist then, socially aware but "biomolecularly oriented," in her words. She and her cardiologist-husband, John Gilson, MD, had moved from Cleveland to the mountainous west they had both visited and loved as children, with their own two small children, Judith and Douglas. The relocation was dictated by the cardiologist's opportunity to join a large group practice in Great Falls. Townspeople expected the internist to serve as "physician's wife,"
Use of surgery and chemoradiation in stage II and III rectal cancer: A retrospective comparison of treatment modalities in major insurance types using the NCDB.
Authors: Mary Warlaumont, Lauren Brin, Timothy Fuller, Naomi Whittaker, Peter Silberstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

64 Background: The standard of care (SOC) for stage II/III rectal cancer is neoadjuvant chemoradiation plus surgical resection. We aim to compare the treatment practices for patients with stage II and III rectal cancer in major insurance types. Methods: Using data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB), we analyzed the treatment patterns of 91,782 patients diagnosed with stage II/III rectal cancer from 2000 to 2009. The NCDB includes data from 70% of all U.S. cancer patients. This is the largest study of this kind to date. Results: In stage II/III rectal cancer, patients with private insurance received more SOC treatment (70.3%) than patients with VA Insurance (56.6%), Medicare (46.9%), Medicaid (66.5%), or no insurance (61.7%) (p&lt;.0001). VA patients received less SOC treatment than Medicaid or noninsured patients (p&lt;.0001). Medicare patients (26.9%) were treated with surgery alone more often than patients with private insurance (9.8%), Medicaid (10.4%), VAH (12.2%), or no insurance (9.4%) (p&lt;.0001). VA (4.8%) and Medicare (4.3%) patients more often did not receive any “First Course Treatment” than patients with private insurance (1.3%) (p&lt;.0001). Patients over 70 years old received less SOC treatment (42.2%) than patients under 70 years old (68.9%) (p&lt;.0001) and received more surgery without chemotherapy or radiation (29.3%) than patients less than 70 years old (9.2%) (p&lt;.0001). Conclusions: Stage II/III rectal cancer patients with private insurance received more SOC treatment than VA, Medicare, Medicaid or uninsured patients. VA patients received less SOC treatment than Medicaid or uninsured patients. [Table: see text]
Toxicity following methoxyflurane anesthesia. 3. Hemodialysis of metabolites
Authors: D. R. Taves
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In a patient who had bilateral nephrectomy, methoxyflurane anesthesia produced elevated serum levels of inorganic fluoride and nonvolatile organic fluoride. The concentrations of both types of fluoride were significantly reduced by extracorporeal hemodialysis.
Grundzüge der Behandlung von Hautund Geschlechtskrankheiten.
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Addendum: The muscle-specific microRNA miR-1 regulates cardiac arrhythmogenic potential by targeting GJA1 and KCNJ2
Authors: Baofeng Yang, Huixian Lin, Jiening Xiao, Yanjie Lu, Xiaobin Luo, Baoxin Li, Ying Zhang, Chaoqian Xu, Yunlong Bai, Huizhen Wang, Guohao Chen, Zhiguo Wang
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
Lidocaine Asystole
Authors: George J. Hill
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In 1965, I observed production of complete and permanent asystole after intracardiac injection of lidocaine. The case was similar enough to the report by Cheng and Wadhwa (223:790, 1973) to warrant your attention. Our patient was a woman in her late 40s who was undergoing her second or third operation for severe mitral stenosis. The operation was a difficult one, and her heart would not sustain a normal blood pressure after valve replacement. Repeated attempts to restore her pressure were unsuccessful, and she eventually exhibited apparently irreversible ventricular fibrillation. Each time defibrillation was accomplished with the direct current apparatus, fibrillation promptly recurred. Since lidocaine was then gaining popularity as an antiarrhythmic agent, and the situation appeared hopeless, a trial injection into the left ventricle was performed with, as I recall, approximately 1 or 2 ml of 1% lidocaine. The heart immediately became quiet and flaccid, and no further
"INTELLECTUAL RECONCILIATION WITH GERMANY"
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PARIS
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal