tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Younger facial looks are associate with a lower likelihood of several age-related morbidities in the middle-aged to elderly
Authors: Selma Mekić, Luba M Pardo, David A Gunn, Leonie C Jacobs, Merel A Hamer, M Arfan Ikram, Eline J Vinke, Meike W Vernooij, Annet E G Haarman, Eric F Thee, Joelle E Vergroesen, Caroline C W Klaver, Pauline H Croll, Andre Goedegebure, Katerina Trajanoska, Fernando Rivadeneira, Joyce B J van Meurs, Banafsheh Arshi, Maryam Kavousi, Emmely W de Roos, Guy G O Brusselle, Manfred  Kayser, Tamar Nijsten
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Looking older for one's chronological age is associated with a higher mortality rate. Yet it remains unclear how perceived facial age relates to morbidity and the degree to which facial ageing reflects systemic ageing of the human body.To investigate the association between ΔPA and age-related morbidities of different organ systems, where ΔPA represents the difference between perceived age (PA) and chronological age.We performed a cross-sectional analysis on data from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands. High-resolution facial photographs of 2679 men and women aged 51.5-87.8 years of European descent were used to assess PA. PA was estimated and scored in 5-year categories using these photographs by a panel of men and women who were blinded for chronological age and medical history. A linear mixed model was used to generate the mean PAs. The difference between the mean PA and chronological age was calculated (ΔPA), where a higher (positive) ΔPA means that the person looks younger for their age and a lower (negative) ΔPA that the person looks older. ΔPA was tested as a continuous variable for association with ageing-related morbidities including cardiovascular, pulmonary, ophthalmological, neurocognitive, renal, skeletal and auditory morbidities in separate regression analyses, adjusted for age and sex (model 1) and additionally for body mass index, smoking and sun exposure (model 2).We observed 5-year higher ΔPA (i.e. looking younger by 5 years for one's age) to be associated with less osteoporosis [odds ratio (OR) 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-0.93], less chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77-0.95), less age-related hearing loss (model 2; B = -0.76, 95% CI -1.35 to -0.17) and fewer cataracts (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73-0.97), but with better global cognitive functioning (g-factor; model 2; B = 0.07, 95% CI 0.04-0.10).PA is associated with multiple morbidities and better cognitive function, suggesting that systemic ageing and cognitive ageing are, to an extent, externally visible in the human face.
Table of Contents
Authors: Rebecca Wang, Dayoung Ko, Ben Friedman, Henry Lim, Tasneem Mohammad, Warren Heymann, Madeline Hooper, Francesca Veon, Gail Enriquez, Morgan Nguyen, Cameron Grimes, Tessa Lewitt, Yanzhen Pang, Slaton Case, Jaehyuk Choi, Joan Guitart, Michael Burns, Xiaolong Zhou, Riquelme-Mc Constanza, Alejandra Loughlin, Marı Sandoval-Clavijo, Aram ´a Blanco De Tord, Llucia Alos, Adriana Garcı ´a, Cristina Carrera, Josep Malvehy, Susana Puig, Agusti Toll, Sebastian Podlipnik, Anna Fishbein, Jennifer Lor, Frank Penedo, Christopher Forrest, James Griffith, Amy Paller, Partik Singh, Jonathan Silverberg, Paulina Young, Alice Chen, Adam Ford, Michelle Cheng, Christianne Lane, April Armstrong, Cristian Navarrete-Dechent, Miguel Cordova, Saud Aleissa, Konstantinos Liopyris, Stephen Dusza, Kivanc Drph, Klaus Kose, Travis Busam, Cecilia Lezcano, Melissa Pulitzer, Chih-Shan Chen, Erica Lee, Anthony Rossi, Kishwer Nehal, Pauline Voland, Camille Barthel, Brahim Azzouz, Nadia Raison-Peyron, ´lie Du-Thanh, Delphine Staumont-Salle, Marie Jachiet, Ange Le Soria, Audrey Nosbaum, Aude Valois, Camille Leleu, ´ne ´dicte Lebrun-Vignes, Thierry Trenque, Dominique Hettler, Claire Bernier, Khalaf Kridin, Ralf Ludwig
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2023)
TRIB3 promotes pulmonary fibrosis through inhibiting SLUG degradation by physically interacting with MDM2
Authors: Xiaoxi Lv, Shanshan Liu, Chang Liu, Yunxuan Li, Tingting Zhang, Jie Qi, Ke Li, Fang Hua, Bing Cui, Xiaowei Zhang, Yuxin Liu, Jiaojiao Yu, Jinmei Yu, Li Li, Xia Li, Zhigang Yao, Bo Huang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2023)

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is the pathological structure of incurable fibroproliferative lung diseases that are attributed to the repeated lung injury-caused failure of lung alveolar regeneration (LAR). Here, we report that repetitive lung damage results in a progressive accumulation of the transcriptional repressor SLUG in alveolar epithelial type II cells (AEC2s). The abnormal increased SLUG inhibits AEC2s from self-renewal and differentiation into alveolar epithelial type I cells (AEC1s). We found that the elevated SLUG represses the expression of the phosphate transporter SLC34A2 in AEC2s, which reduces intracellular phosphate and represses the phosphorylation of JNK and P38 MAPK, two critical kinases supporting LAR, leading to LAR failure. TRIB3, a stress sensor, interacts with the E3 ligase MDM2 to suppress SLUG degradation in AEC2s by impeding MDM2-catalyzed SLUG ubiquitination. Targeting SLUG degradation by disturbing the TRIB3/MDM2 interaction using a new synthetic staple peptide restores LAR capacity and exhibits potent therapeutic efficacy against experimental PF. Our study reveals a mechanism of the TRIB3-MDM2-SLUG-SLC34A2 axis causing the LAR failure in PF, which confers a potential strategy for treating patients with fibroproliferative lung diseases.
Quantitative Analyses of Regulatory Policies for Medical Devices
Authors: Daniel B. Kramer, Robert W. Yeh
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of an automated flexible endoscope channel brushing system on improving reprocessing quality: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Renduo Shang, Jun Liu, Zi Luo, Xingmin Huang, Caiqing Zhang, Di Chen, Lianlian Wu, Liwen Yao, Xianglan Wang, Qing Wang, Yunxing Wu, Lili Zhang, Honggang Yu
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Background Qualified reprocessing, of which meticulous channel brushing is the most crucial step, is essential for prevention and control of endoscopy-associated infections. However, channel brushing is often omitted in practice. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an automated flexible endoscope channel brushing system (AECBS) on improving the quality of endoscope reprocessing. Methods This prospective, randomized controlled study was conducted between 24 November 2021 and 22 January 2022 at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China. Eligible endoscopes were randomly allocated to the auto group (channels brushed by AECBS) or the manual group (channels brushed manually), with sampling and culturing after high-level disinfection and drying. The primary end point was the proportion of endoscopes with positive cultures. Results 204 endoscopes in the auto group and 205 in the manual group were analyzed. The proportion of endoscopes with positive cultures was significantly lower in the auto group (15.2 % [95 %CI 10.7 %–21.0 %]) than in the manual group (23.4 % [95 %CI 17.9 %–29.9 %]). Conclusions AECBS could effectively reduce bioburden and improve reprocessing quality of gastroscopes and colonoscopes. AECBS has the potential to replace manual brushing and lower the risk of endoscopy-associated infections, providing a new option for the optimization of reprocessing.
Increasing Mononuclear Diploid Cardiomyocytes by Loss of E2F Transcription Factor 7/8 Fails to Improve Cardiac Regeneration After Infarct
Authors: Zhe Yu, Lunfeng Zhang, Paola Cattaneo, Nuno Guimarães-Camboa, Xi Fang, Yusu Gu, Kirk L. Peterson, Julius Bogomolovas, Cecilia Cuitino, Gustavo W. Leone, Ju Chen, Sylvia M. Evans
Journal: Circulation (2023)

he heart is among the least regenerative of organs.Transition of cardiomyocytes (CMs) from hyperplasic to hypertrophic growth occurs after birth, accompanied by binucleation and polyploidization, suggested as a barrier to cardiac regeneration.Cardiac regeneration and functional recovery after myocardial infarction (MI) have been correlated with an increased baseline frequency of mononuclear diploid (MND) CMs. 1 However, the capacity of MND adult CMs to undergo proliferation is still controversial.RNA-sequencing analyses of fluorescence-activated cell sorting-separated CMs suggested transcriptional differences between mononuclear and binuclear CMs, 2 yet other studies using scRNA-sequencing 3 or bulk RNA-sequencing 4 analyses found similar transcriptomes between mononuclear and multinuclear CMs in both normal and postinjury conditions.Our aim was to further investigate the regenerative potential of MND CMs.
Catheter Ablation for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Rod Passman
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A phase <scp>II</scp> study of combination daunorubicin, cytarabine (Ara‐c), and nilotinib (<scp>TAsigna</scp>) (<scp>DATA</scp>) in patients newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia with <scp>KIT</scp> expression
Authors: Aref Al‐Kali, Raoul Tibes, Pamela Atherton, Jeanne Palmer, Hassan B. Alkhateeb, Mrinal Patnaik, Kebede Begna, Naseema Gangat, Shahrukh Hashmi, Rong He, Mark Litzow
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2023)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a challenging cancer in terms of achieving and maintaining long-duration remissions. Many novel therapies have been added to the standard regimen (combining cytarabine and anthracycline "7 + 3") to achieve such goals. Nilotinib is an oral multikinase inhibitor that is active against KIT tyrosine kinase, an important stem cell target. In this trial, we combined nilotinib with 7 + 3 induction (daunorubicin 60 mg/m2), high-dose cytarabine consolidation, and subsequently, if the patient was a candidate, for 2 years' maintenance therapy in patients with AML and KIT (CD117) expression. Patients were allowed to proceed to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) if deemed necessary. Our primary goal was increased complete remission rate with this combination. Thirty-four patients (with a median age 58.5 years) were enrolled on a single-arm phase II bi-institutional study; 21 (62%) patients achieved remission. The complete remission rate was 78% in evaluable patients. Thirteen of 34 (38%) patients had allogeneic HCT, all thirteen of which are still alive (100%). Common (>20%) grade 3 non-hematological toxicities included febrile neutropenia, hypophosphatemia, elevated liver enzymes, and hypertension. Only one patient (3%) died in induction due to liver failure, which was thought secondary to daunorubicin. Our current study reveals good outcomes in patients who received HCT and may warrant a larger study to confirm our findings in that specific population.
Estimated Indirect Cost Savings of Using Telehealth Among Nonelderly Patients With Cancer
Authors: Krupal B. Patel, Kea Turner, Amir Alishahi Tabriz, Brian D. Gonzalez, Laura B. Oswald, Oliver T. Nguyen, Young-Rock Hong, Heather S. L. Jim, Anthony C. Nichols, Xuefeng Wang, Edmondo Robinson, Cristina Naso, Philippe E. Spiess
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Patients with cancer typically have greater financial hardships and time costs than individuals without cancer. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated this, while posing substantial challenges to delivering cancer care and resulting in important changes in care-delivery models, including the rapid adoption of telehealth.To estimate patient travel, time, and cost savings associated with telehealth for cancer care delivery.An economic evaluation of cost savings from completed telehealth visits from April 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021, in a single-institution National Cancer Institute-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center. All patients aged 18 to 65 years who completed telehealth visits within the designated time frame and had a Florida mailing address documented in their electronic medical record were included in the study cohort. Data were analyzed from April 2020 to June 2021.The main outcome was estimated patient cost savings from telehealth, which included 2 components: costs of travel (defined as roundtrip distance saved from car travel) and potential loss of productivity due to the medical visit (defined as loss of income from roundtrip travel plus loss of income from in-person clinic visits). Two different models with a combination of 2 different mileage rates ($0.56 and $0.82 per mile) and census tract-level median hourly wages were used.The study included 25 496 telehealth visits with 11 688 patients. There were 4525 (3795 patients) new or established visits and 20 971 (10 049 patients) follow-up visits. Median (IQR) age was 55.0 (46.0-61.0) years among the telehealth visits, with 15 663 visits (61.4%) by women and 18 360 visits (72.0%) by Hispanic non-White patients. According to cost models, the estimated mean (SD) total cost savings ranged from $147.4 ($120.1) at $0.56/mile to $186.1 ($156.9) at $0.82/mile. For new or established visits, the mean (SD) total cost savings per visit ranged from $176.6 ($136.3) at $0.56/mile to $222.8 ($177.4) at $0.82/mile, and for follow-up visits, the mean (SD) total cost savings per visit was $141.1 ($115.3) at $0.56/mile to $178.1 ($150.9) at $0.82/mile.In this economic evaluation, telehealth was associated with savings in patients time and travel costs, which may reduce the financial toxicity of cancer care. Expansion of telehealth oncology services may be an effective strategy to reduce the financial burden among patients with cancer.
Comparison of the Financial and Operational Characteristics of For-Profit and Nonprofit Hospitals Receiving Federal Graduate Medical Education Payments, 2011-2020
Authors: Kushal T. Kadakia, Jie Zheng, Joseph D. Bruch, Thomas C. Tsai
Journal: JAMA (2023)

This study compares graduate medical education (GME) payments between nonprofit and for-profit hospitals between 2011 and 2020 to assess how hospitals value GME.
Multiple CEST contrast imaging of nose-to-brain drug delivery using iohexol liposomes at 3T MRI
Authors: Lok Hin Law, Jianpan Huang, Peng Xiao, Yang Liu, Zilin Chen, Joseph H.C. Lai, Xiongqi Han, Gerald W.Y. Cheng, Kai-Hei Tse, Kannie W.Y. Chan
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2023)

Image guided nose-to-brain drug delivery provides a non-invasive way to monitor drug delivered to the brain, and the intranasal administration could increase effective dose via bypassing Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). Here, we investigated the imaging of liposome-based drug delivery to the brain via intranasal administration, in which the liposome could penetrate mucus and could be detected by chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3T field strength. Liposomes were loaded with a computed tomography (CT) contrast agent, iohexol (Ioh-Lipo), which has specific amide protons exchanging at 4.3 ppm of Z-spectrum (or CEST spectrum). Ioh-Lipo generated CEST contrasts of 35.4% at 4.3 ppm, 1.8% at -3.4 ppm and 20.6% at 1.2 ppm in vitro. After intranasal administration, these specific CEST contrasts were observed in both olfactory bulb (OB) and frontal lobe (FL) in the case of 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG) Ioh-Lipo. We observed obvious increases in CEST contrast in OB half an hour after the injection of 10% PEG Ioh-Lipo, with a percentage increase of 62.0% at 4.3 ppm, 10.9% at -3.4 ppm and 25.7% at 1.2 ppm. Interestingly, the CEST map at 4.3 ppm was distinctive from that at -3.4 pm and 1.2 ppm. The highest contrast of 4.3 ppm was at the external plexiform layer (EPL) and the region between left and right OB (LROB), while the CEST contrast at -3.4 ppm had no significant difference among all investigated regions with slightly higher signal in olfactory limbus (OL, between OB and FL) and FL, as validated with histology. While no substantial increase of CEST contrast at 4.3 ppm, -3.4 ppm or 1.2 ppm was observed in OB and FL when 1% PEG Ioh-Lipo was administered. We demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of non-invasively detecting the nose-to-brain delivery of liposomes using CEST MRI. This multiple-contrast approach is necessary to image the specific distribution of iohexol and liposome simultaneously and independently, especially when designing drug carriers for nose-to-brain drug delivery.
Antibiotic use as a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease across the ages: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Adam S Faye, Kristine Højgaard Allin, Aske T Iversen, Manasi Agrawal, Jeremiah Faith, Jean-Frederic Colombel, Tine Jess
Journal: Gut (2023)

Background There is an increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) for which environmental factors are suspected. Antibiotics have been associated with development of IBD in earlier generations, but their influence on IBD risk in adults is uncertain. Objective To assess the impact of antibiotic exposure, including dose–response, timing and antibiotic class, on the risk of IBD in all individuals aged ≥10 years. Design Using Denmark nationwide registries, a population-based cohort of residents aged ≥10 years was established between 2000 and 2018. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for IBD following antibiotic exposure were calculated using Poisson regression. Results There were a total of 6 104 245 individuals, resulting in 87 112 328 person-years of follow-up, and 52 898 new cases of IBD. Antibiotic exposure was associated with an increased risk of IBD as compared with no antibiotic exposure for all age groups, although was greatest among individuals aged 40–60 years and ≥60 years (age 10–40 years, IRR 1.28, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.32; age 40–60 years, IRR 1.48, 95% CI 1.43 to 1.54; age ≥60 years, IRR 1.47, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.53). For all age groups a positive dose–response was observed, with similar results seen for both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. The highest risk of developing IBD was seen 1–2 years after antibiotic exposure, and after use of antibiotic classes often prescribed to treat gastrointestinal pathogens. Conclusion Antibiotic exposure is associated with an increased risk of IBD, and was highest among individuals aged 40 years and older. This risk increased with cumulative antibiotic exposure, with antibiotics targeting gastrointestinal pathogens and within 1–2 years after antibiotic exposure.
Effect of Catheter Ablation Using Pulmonary Vein Isolation With vs Without Posterior Left Atrial Wall Isolation on Atrial Arrhythmia Recurrence in Patients With Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Peter M. Kistler, David Chieng, Hariharan Sugumar, Liang-Han Ling, Louise Segan, Sonia Azzopardi, Ahmed Al-Kaisey, Ramanathan Parameswaran, Robert D. Anderson, Joshua Hawson, Sandeep Prabhu, Aleksandr Voskoboinik, Geoffrey Wong, Joseph B. Morton, Bhupesh Pathik, Alex J. McLellan, Geoffrey Lee, Michael Wong, Sue Finch, Rajeev K. Pathak, Deep Chandh Raja, Laurence Sterns, Matthew Ginks, Christopher M. Reid, Prashanthan Sanders, Jonathan M. Kalman
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) alone is less effective in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) compared with paroxysmal AF. The left atrial posterior wall may contribute to maintenance of persistent AF, and posterior wall isolation (PWI) is a common PVI adjunct. However, PWI has not been subjected to randomized comparison.
Challenges to Using Big Data in Cancer
Authors: Shawn M. Sweeney, Hisham K. Hamadeh, Natalie Abrams, Stacey J. Adam, Sara Brenner, Dana E. Connors, Gerard J. Davis, Louis Fiore, Susan H. Gawel, Robert L. Grossman, Sean E. Hanlon, Karl Hsu, Gary J. Kelloff, Ilan R. Kirsch, Bill Louv, Deven McGraw, Frank Meng, Daniel Milgram, Robert S. Miller, Emily Morgan, Lata Mukundan, Thomas O'Brien, Paul Robbins, Eric H. Rubin, Wendy S. Rubinstein, Liz Salmi, Teilo Schaller, George Shi, Caroline C. Sigman, Sudhir Srivastava
Journal: Cancer Research (2023)

Abstract Big data in healthcare can enable unprecedented understanding of diseases and their treatment, particularly in oncology. These data may include electronic health records, medical imaging, genomic sequencing, payor records, and data from pharmaceutical research, wearables, and medical devices. The ability to combine datasets and use data across many analyses is critical to the successful use of big data and is a concern for those who generate and use the data. Interoperability and data quality continue to be major challenges when working with different healthcare datasets. Mapping terminology across datasets, missing and incorrect data, and varying data structures make combining data an onerous and largely manual undertaking. Data privacy is another concern addressed by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, the Common Rule, and the General Data Protection Regulation. The use of big data is now included in the planning and activities of the FDA and the European Medicines Agency. The willingness of organizations to share data in a precompetitive fashion, agreements on data quality standards, and institution of universal and practical tenets on data privacy will be crucial to fully realizing the potential for big data in medicine.