tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Accelerating cancer omics and precision oncology in health care and research: a Lancet Oncology Commission
Authors: Raffaella Casolino, Amber L Johns, Melanie Courtot, Rita T Lawlor, Francesco De Lorenzo, Denis Horgan, Joaquin Mateo, Nicola Normanno, Mark Rubin, Lincoln Stein, Vivek Subbiah, Benedikt C Westphalen, Mark Lawler, Keunchil Park, Sandra Perdomo, Takayuki Yoshino, Jianmin Wu, Andrew V Biankin
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2023)
68Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPI as a Potential, Noninvasive Diagnostic Probe for Recurrent and Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: Sejal Chopra, Rama Walia, Yamini Mathur, Frank Roesch, Euy Sung Moon, Nivedita Rana, Somit Pandey, Debajyoti Chatterji, Rajender Kumar, Harmandeep Singh, Bhagwant Rai Mittal, Jaya Shukla
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Metastatic or recurrent adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a potentially fatal malignancy, which poses major challenges in disease management owing to lack of effective systemic therapies. The drastically reduced survival rates require prompt identification of selective molecules for development of targeted therapeutics. We evaluated the squaric acid containing FAPI derivative, DOTA.SA.FAPI (FAPI), as a potential diagnostic probe in 2 cases of histopathologically proven metastatic and recurrent ACC. Both patients underwent 18 F-FDG and 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT scans for comparative analysis. 68 Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPI emerged as an excellent diagnostic agent for ACC and performed similar to 18 F-FDG.
Assessment of Quality of Life of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents in Melbourne, Australia, 2017-2020
Authors: Lidia Engel, Ishani Majmudar, Cathrine Mihalopoulos, Michelle A. Tollit, Ken C. Pang
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) children and adolescents may experience not only gender dysphoria but also depression and anxiety, all of which are likely to be associated with reduced quality of life (QOL). Despite this, little is known about QOL in this population. Objectives To identify demographic, social, and clinical characteristics associated with reduced QOL in TGD children and adolescents; compare their QOL with age-matched population-based norms and that of young people with common mental health problems; and evaluate the association between gender dysphoria and QOL. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cohort study, baseline data were derived from questionnaires completed in a prospective cohort study (Trans20) of TGD children aged 6 to 12 years and adolescents aged 13 to 17 years first seen at the Royal Children’s Hospital Gender Service (Melbourne, Australia) between February 2017 and February 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was QOL, measured using the Child Health Utility 9D instrument (CHU-9D). Data collection included demographic information, social factors (eg, bullying, lack of support, and social transition), and clinical characteristics (eg, gender identity, gender dysphoria, and mental health difficulties). Population norms and CHU-9D data for Australian youths with mental health diagnoses were derived from published literature. Results The TGD cohort comprised 525 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years (median age, 14 years [IQR, 12-16 years]; 364 [69.33%] presumed female at birth). The mean (SD) CHU-9D score was 0.46 (0.26). Compared with population norms, TGD children (0.58 [0.27] vs 0.81 [0.16]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) and adolescents (0.41 [0.25] vs 0.80 [0.14]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) had significantly lower scores. Within the TGD cohort, mean (SD) scores were significantly lower in adolescents (0.41 [0.24] vs 0.62 [0.25]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), those assigned female at birth (0.43 [0.26] vs 0.55 [0.25]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), those reporting mental health problems (0.37 [0.23] vs 0.57 [0.25]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) and physical health problems (0.41 [0.26] vs 0.48 [0.26]; P = .04), and those who were bullied (0.38 [0.24] vs 0.52 [0.25]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Gender dysphoria alone was associated with a lower mean (SD) CHU-9D score (0.51 [0.23]) than that in control adolescents with serious mental health conditions such as depression (0.64 [0.26]) and anxiety (0.70 [0.24]) and was an independent factor associated with QOL. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of TGD children and adolescents in Australia, QOL was worse in this population than in age-matched, population-based peers. Quality of life associated with gender dysphoria was substantially worse than that seen in young people with common mental health conditions. These findings emphasize the risk of poor QOL among TGD young people and the need to better support them.
Host immunological responses facilitate development of SARS-CoV-2 mutations in patients receiving monoclonal antibody treatments
Authors: Akshita Gupta, Angelina Konnova, Mathias Smet, Matilda Berkell, Alessia Savoldi, Matteo Morra, Vincent Van averbeke, Fien H.R. De Winter, Denise Peserico, Elisa Danese, An Hotterbeekx, Elda Righi, Pasquale De Nardo, Evelina Tacconelli, Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar, Samir Kumar-Singh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2023)

BackgroundThe role of host immunity in emergence of evasive SARS-CoV-2 Spike mutations under therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) pressure remains to be explored.MethodsIn a prospective, observational, monocentric ORCHESTRA cohort study, conducted between March 2021 and November 2022, mild-to-moderately ill COVID-19 patients (n = 204) receiving bamlanivimab, bamlanivimab/etesevimab, casirivimab/imdevimab, or sotrovimab were longitudinally studied over 28 days for viral loads, de novo Spike mutations, mAb kinetics, seroneutralization against infecting variants of concern, and T cell immunity. Additionally, a machine learning-based circulating immune-related biomarker (CIB) profile predictive of evasive Spike mutations was constructed and confirmed in an independent data set (n = 19) that included patients receiving sotrovimab or tixagevimab/cilgavimab.ResultsPatients treated with various mAbs developed evasive Spike mutations with remarkable speed and high specificity to the targeted mAb-binding sites. Immunocompromised patients receiving mAb therapy not only continued to display significantly higher viral loads, but also showed higher likelihood of developing de novo Spike mutations. Development of escape mutants also strongly correlated with neutralizing capacity of the therapeutic mAbs and T cell immunity, suggesting immune pressure as an important driver of escape mutations. Lastly, we showed that an antiinflammatory and healing-promoting host milieu facilitates Spike mutations, where 4 CIBs identified patients at high risk of developing escape mutations against therapeutic mAbs with high accuracy.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that host-driven immune and nonimmune responses are essential for development of mutant SARS-CoV-2. These data also support point-of-care decision making in reducing the risk of mAb treatment failure and improving mitigation strategies for possible dissemination of escape SARS-CoV-2 mutants.FundingThe ORCHESTRA project/European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program.
FDG PET/CT in a Case of Esophageal Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type
Authors: Jun Zhang, Xia Ji, Aisheng Dong, Yang Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Lymphoma involving the esophagus is rare. We describe FDG PET/CT findings in a case of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type involving the larynx, hypopharynx, and cervical and upper thoracic esophagus. The esophageal tumor showed segmentally increased FDG uptake mimicking esophagitis. This case indicates that esophageal lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of the hypermetabolic esophageal diseases.
Preparing Europe for future health threats and crises: the European Health Union
Authors: Sandra Gallina
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

Preview this article: Preparing Europe for future health threats and crises: the European Health Union, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/28/5/eurosurv-28-5-1-1.gif
68Ga-PSMA–Avid Intranasal Solitary Fibrous Tumor
Authors: Saima Riaz, Dimitrios Priftakis, Asim Afaq, Irfan Kayani, Jamshed Bomanji
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

The utility of molecular imaging in solitary fibrous tumors has not been fully established. We present a rare case of recurrent intranasal solitary fibrous tumor incidentally localized on 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT scan, which turned out to be metabolically inactive on 18 F-FDG PET/CT.
Evolving Management Paradigm for Stable Ischemic Heart Disease Patients
Authors: William E. Boden, Mario Marzilli, Filippo Crea, G.B. John Mancini, William S. Weintraub, Viviany R. Taqueti, Carl J. Pepine, Javier Escaned, Rasha Al-Lamee, Luis Henrique W. Gowdak, Colin Berry, Juan Carlos Kaski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)
A Case of Metastatic Thymoma Responsive to Treatment With 177Lu-DOTATATE
Authors: Reut Halperin, Damien Urban, Amit Tirosh
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

We describe a case of a 74-year-old woman with germline BRCA2 mutation, with an incidental diagnosis of metastatic thymoma presenting as a mediastinal mass with cardiac muscle and lymph node involvement. Despite surgical and radiotherapy treatment, there was marked advancement with new lung and liver metastases. All lesions demonstrated 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT uptake, and the patient received 4 peptide receptor radionuclide therapy cycles with 177 Lu-DOTATATE, with pronounced reduction in the size of the liver, cardiac, and pleural lesions. This is the first case to demonstrate partial response to peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in metastatic thymoma, thus suggesting possible treatment option to refractory and advancing metastatic thymoma.
Nuclear Medicine—A Name for Now and the Future
Authors: Humayun Bashir, Muhammad R. Gul, Muhammad N. Younis, Mark Tulchinsky, Yaming Li, Stefano Fanti, Abass Alavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Our article addresses the prevailing trend of new terminology introduced alongside the progress being made in nuclear medicine. Our article provides a historic, current, and future perspective.
Selected Bibliography of Recent Research in Sleep (2020–2021)
Authors: Vaishnavi Kundel, Sogol Javaheri, Reena Mehra, Paul T. Schumacker, Najib Ayas, Yüksel Peker
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

"Selected Bibliography of Recent Research in Sleep (2020–2021)." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 207(10), pp. 1383–1392
Vaccine effectiveness estimates from an early-season influenza A(H3N2) epidemic, including unique genetic diversity with reassortment, Canada, 2022/23
Authors: Danuta M Skowronski, Erica SY Chuang, Suzana Sabaiduc, Samantha E Kaweski, Shinhye Kim, James A Dickinson, Romy Olsha, Jonathan B Gubbay, Nathan Zelyas, Hugues Charest, Nathalie Bastien, Agatha N Jassem, Gaston De Serres
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

The Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) during the unusually early 2022/23 influenza A(H3N2) epidemic. Like vaccine, circulating viruses were clade 3C.2a1b.2a.2, but with genetic diversity affecting haemagglutinin positions 135 and 156, and reassortment such that H156 viruses acquired neuraminidase from clade 3C.2a1b.1a. Vaccine provided substantial protection with A(H3N2) VE of 54% (95% CI: 38 to 66) overall. VE was similar against H156 and vaccine-like S156 viruses, but with potential variation based on diversity at position 135.
Increased Tumor Mutation Burden Levels and Sensitivity of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer to PD-L1 Blockade
Authors: Volkan Aslan, Ozan Yazici, Nuriye Özdemir
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Treatment Response to Lycopene in Recurrent Prostate Cancer Confirmed on 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT
Authors: Chenxi Wu, Charles Marcus, Yoram Baum, Omer Kucuk, David M. Schuster
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

18 F-fluciclovine (Axumin; Blue Earth Diagnostics, Ltd, Oxford, United Kingdom) PET has shown value in detecting biochemical recurrent prostatic cancer. Lycopene, a plant-based carotenoid, is reported to have potential inhibitory effect on prostate cancer, as a complementary treatment. We report a case of biochemically recurrent prostate cancer showing treatment response to lycopene as seen on an 18 F-fluciclovine PET/CT correlating with serum prostate-specific antigen response.
Malignant Transformation of Warthin Tumor in the Cervical Lymph Node
Authors: Soonchan Park, Young Chan Lee, Sung-Jig Lim, Chanwoo Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Warthin tumor is the second most common benign tumor of salivary glands. Here we present an interesting case of squamous cell carcinoma arising from the Warthin tumor in the cervical lymph node. The patient had another Warthin tumor in the parotid gland as well. Both the malignant transformation of Warthin tumor and the heterotopic occurrence of Warthin tumor in the cervical lymph node are rare. This exceptionally rare case demonstrates that the 2 rare clinical entities can occur simultaneously and affect clinical decisions.
Factors associated with unrecognized cirrhosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yi-Te Lee, Mohammad A. Karim, Hye Chung Kum, Sulki Park, Nicole E. Rich, Mazen Noureddin, Amit G. Singal, Ju Dong Yang
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2023)

Cirrhosis is the most important risk factor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and patients with cirrhosis are recommended to receive semiannual surveillance for early HCC detection. However, early cirrhosis is often asymptomatic and can go undiagnosed for years, leading to underuse of HCC surveillance in clinical practice. We characterized the frequency and associated factors of unrecognized cirrhosis in a national sample of patients with HCC from the United States. HCC patients aged 68 years and older, diagnosed during 2011 to 2015 were included from the SEERMedicare Linked Database. If cirrhosis was diagnosed within 6 months immediately preceding HCC diagnosis or after HCC diagnosis, cases were categorized as unrecognized cirrhosis. Factors associated with unrecognized cirrhosis were identified using logistic regression analyses. Factors associated with overall survival were evaluated using Cox regression analyses. Among 5,098 HCC patients, 74.8% patients had cirrhosis. Among those with cirrhosis, 57.4% had unrecognized cirrhosis, with the highest proportion (76.3%) among those with NAFLD-related HCC. Male sex (aOR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.83-2.46), non-Hispanic Black race (aOR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.45-2.57), and NAFLD etiology (aOR: 4.46, 95% CI: 3.68-5.41) were associated with having unrecognized cirrhosis. Among NAFLD-related HCC patients, male sex (aOR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.71-3.14) was associated with unrecognized cirrhosis. Unrecognized cirrhosis was independently associated with worse overall survival (aHR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.08-1.27) compared to recognized cirrhosis. Unrecognized cirrhosis is common in NAFLD-related HCC, particularly among male and Black patients, highlighting these groups as important intervention targets to improve HCC surveillance uptake and outcomes.
Spermine enhances antiviral and anticancer responses by stabilizing DNA binding with the DNA sensor cGAS
Authors: Lina Wang, Siru Li, Kai Wang, Na Wang, Qiaoling Liu, Zhen Sun, Li Wang, Lulu Wang, Quentin Liu, Chengli Song, Qingkai Yang
Journal: Immunity (2023)

Self-nonself discrimination is vital for the immune system to mount responses against pathogens while maintaining tolerance toward the host and innocuous commensals during homeostasis. Here, we investigated how indiscriminate DNA sensors, such as cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), make this self-nonself distinction. Screening of a small-molecule library revealed that spermine, a well-known DNA condenser associated with viral DNA, markedly elevates cGAS activation. Mechanistically, spermine condenses DNA to enhance and stabilize cGAS-DNA binding, optimizing cGAS and downstream antiviral signaling. Spermine promotes condensation of viral, but not host nucleosome, DNA. Deletion of viral DNA-associated spermine, by propagating virus in spermine-deficient cells, reduced cGAS activation. Spermine depletion subsequently attenuated cGAS-mediated antiviral and anticancer immunity. Collectively, our results reveal a pathogenic DNA-associated molecular pattern that facilitates nonself recognition, linking metabolism and pathogen recognition.
GPRC5D CAR T cells (OriCAR-017) in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (POLARIS): a first-in-human, single-centre, single-arm, phase 1 trial
Authors: Mingming Zhang, Guoqing Wei, Linghui Zhou, Jincai Zhou, Siye Chen, Wei Zhang, Dongrui Wang, Xueping Luo, Jiazhen Cui, Simao Huang, Shan Fu, Xinkai Zhou, Yu Tang, Xiaomin Ding, Jiao Kuang, Xiaowen Peter He, Yongxian Hu, He Huang
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2023)
Racial and ethnic disparities in childhood and young adult acute lymphocytic leukaemia: secondary analyses of eight Children's Oncology Group cohort trials
Authors: Sumit Gupta, Yunfeng Dai, Zhiguo Chen, Lena E Winestone, David T Teachey, Kira Bona, Richard Aplenc, Karen R Rabin, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Andrew J Carroll, Nyla A Heerema, Julie Gastier-Foster, Michael J Borowitz, Brent L Wood, Kelly W Maloney, Leonard A Mattano, Eric C Larsen, Anne L Angiolillo, Michael J Burke, Wanda L Salzer, Stuart S Winter, Patrick A Brown, Erin M Guest, Kimberley P Dunsmore, John A Kairalla, Naomi J Winick, William L Carroll, Elizabeth A Raetz, Stephen P Hunger, Mignon L Loh, Meenakshi Devidas
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2023)
Extrastriatal 99mTc-TRODAT-1 Uptake in the Previous Hemorrhage With Hemosiderin Deposition
Authors: Tse-Hao Lee, Yuh-Feng Wang, Nan-Jing Peng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

We reported a 91-year-old man who was suspected of having parkinsonism, and brain 99m Tc-TRODAT-1 scan revealed an extrastriatal uptake in the left side of brainstem, which was correlated to a previously hemorrhagic lesion with hemosiderin deposition. Macrophage or microglia might accumulate in the previous hemorrhagic lesion to phagocytize hemosiderin. We assumed that the 99m Tc-TRODAT-1 uptake in the hemosiderin deposition might be partially mediated by macrophage expressing dopamine transporter.
Altered Distribution of 99mTc-MDP Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Atefeh Sharifian, Mohsen Qutbi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taleghani Educational Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran [email protected]; [email protected]. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared.
Single-cell phenotypes of peripheral blood immune cells in early and late stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Kathryn Jane Waller, Hajar Saihi, Wenhao Li, James Hallimond Brindley, Anja De Jong, Wing-kin Syn, Conrad Bessant, William Alazawi
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2023)

Background/Aims: Immune and inflammatory cells respond to multiple pathological hits in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. Relatively little is known about how their type and function change through the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) spectrum. Here we used multi-dimensional mass cytometry and a tailored bioinformatic approach to study circulating immune cells sampled from healthy individuals and people with NAFLD.Methods: Cytometry by time of flight using 36 metal-conjugated antibodies was applied to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from biopsy-proven NASH fibrosis (late disease), steatosis (early disease), and healthy patients. Supervised and unsupervised analyses were used, findings confirmed, and mechanisms assessed using independent healthy and disease PBMC samples.Results: Of 36 PBMC clusters, 21 changed between controls and disease samples. Significant differences were observed between diseases stages with changes in T cells and myeloid cells throughout disease and B cell changes in late stages. Semi-supervised gating and re-clustering showed that disease stages were associated with fewer monocytes with active signalling and more inactive NK cells; B and T cells bearing activation markers were reduced in late stages, while B cells bearing co-stimulatory molecules were increased. Functionally, disease states were associated with fewer activated mucosal-associated invariant T cells and reduced toll-like receptor-mediated cytokine production in late disease.Conclusions: A range of innate and adaptive immune changes begin early in NAFLD, and disease stages are associated with a functionally less active phenotype compared to controls. Further study of the immune response in NAFLD spectrum may give insight into mechanisms of disease with potential clinical application.
Chronic hepatitis B with concurrent metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: Challenges and perspectives
Authors: Shang-Chin Huang, Chun-Jen Liu
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2023)

The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has increased among the general population and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients worldwide. Although fatty liver disease is a well-known risk factor for adverse liver outcomes like cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, its interactions with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and clinical impacts seem complex. The presence of hepatic steatosis may suppress HBV viral activity, potentially leading to attenuated liver injury. In contrast, the associated co-morbidities like diabetes mellitus or obesity may increase the risk of developing adverse liver outcomes. These findings implicate that components of MAFLD may have diverse effects on the clinical manifestations of CHB. To this end, a clinical strategy is proposed for managing patients with concurrent CHB and MAFLD. This review article discusses the updated evidence regarding disease prevalence, interactions between steatosis and HBV, clinical impacts, and management strategies, aiming at optimizing holistic health care in the CHB population.