tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Persons
Authors: Carol M. Mangione, Michael J. Barry, Wanda K. Nicholson, Michael Cabana, Aaron B. Caughey, David Chelmow, Tumaini Rucker Coker, Esa M. Davis, Katrina E. Donahue, Carlos Roberto Jaén, Martha Kubik, Li Li, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Lori Pbert, John M. Ruiz, James Stevermer, John B. Wong
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Importance Menopause is defined as the cessation of a person’s menstrual cycle. It is defined retrospectively, 12 months after the final menstrual period. Perimenopause, or the menopausal transition, is the few-year time period preceding a person’s final menstrual period and is characterized by increasing menstrual cycle length variability and periods of amenorrhea, and often symptoms such as vasomotor dysfunction. The prevalence and incidence of most chronic diseases (eg, cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoporosis, and fracture) increase with age, and US persons who reach menopause are expected on average to live more than another 30 years. Objective To update its 2017 recommendation, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the benefits and harms of systemic (ie, oral or transdermal) hormone therapy for the prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal persons and whether outcomes vary by age or by timing of intervention after menopause. Population Asymptomatic postmenopausal persons who are considering hormone therapy for the primary prevention of chronic medical conditions. Evidence Assessment The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that the use of combined estrogen and progestin for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal persons with an intact uterus has no net benefit. The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that the use of estrogen alone for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal persons who have had a hysterectomy has no net benefit. Recommendation The USPSTF recommends against the use of combined estrogen and progestin for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal persons. (D recommendation) The USPSTF recommends against the use of estrogen alone for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal persons who have had a hysterectomy. (D recommendation)
Legal Risks and Ethical Dilemmas for Clinicians in the Aftermath of <i>Dobbs</i>
Authors: Rebecca B. Reingold, Lawrence O. Gostin, Michele Bratcher Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (2022)

This Viewpoint discusses the ways in which the Supreme Court’s ruling in Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization , which triggered abortion bans or restrictions in half of states, presents serious legal risks to clinicians and major ethical dilemmas.
Menopausal Hormone Therapy for Prevention of Chronic Conditions
Authors: Alison J. Huang, Deborah Grady
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Confronting the Medical Community’s Complicity in Marginalizing Abortion Care
Authors: Sonya Borrero, Mehret Birru Talabi, Christine Dehlendorf
Journal: JAMA (2022)

This Viewpoint discusses the exclusion of abortion care from many established medical sources (such as hospitals) and from coverage by many major payers and how the health care system should legitimize and ensure clinician training in safe abortion care.
Advancing Birth Equity in a Post-<i>Dobbs</i> US
Authors: Joia Crear-Perry, Asha Hassan, Sara Daniel
Journal: JAMA (2022)

This Viewpoint discusses the US Supreme Court’s decision in Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization, describes how that decision threatens birth equity for some racial and social groups, and suggests a reproductive justice approach to address racial and social inequalities and ensure reproductive freedom and autonomy for all people.
Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Persons
Authors: Gerald Gartlehner, Sheila V. Patel, Shivani Reddy, Caroline Rains, Manny Schwimmer, Leila Kahwati
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Importance It is uncertain whether hormone therapy should be used for the primary prevention of chronic conditions such as heart disease, osteoporosis, or some types of cancers. Objective To update evidence for the US Preventive Services Task Force on the benefits and harms of hormone therapy in reducing risks for chronic conditions. Data Sources PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and trial registries from January 1, 2016, through October 12, 2021; surveillance through July 2022. Study Selection English-language randomized clinical trials and prospective cohort studies of fair or good quality. Data Extraction and Synthesis Dual review of abstracts, full-text articles, and study quality; meta-analyses when at least 3 similar studies were available. Main Outcomes and Measures Morbidity and mortality related to chronic conditions; health-related quality of life. Results Twenty trials (N = 39 145) and 3 cohort studies (N = 1 155 410) were included. Participants using estrogen only compared with placebo had significantly lower risks for diabetes over 7.1 years (1050 vs 903 cases; 134 fewer [95% CI, 18-237]) and fractures over 7.2 years (1024 vs 1413 cases; 388 fewer [95% CI, 277-489]) per 10 000 persons. Risks per 10 000 persons were statistically significantly increased for gallbladder disease over 7.1 years (1113 vs 737 cases; 377 more [95% CI, 234-540]), stroke over 7.2 years (318 vs 239 cases; 79 more [95% CI, 15-159]), venous thromboembolism over 7.2 years (258 vs 181 cases; 77 more [95% CI, 19-153]), and urinary incontinence over 1 year (2331 vs 1446 cases; 885 more [95% CI, 659-1135]). Participants using estrogen plus progestin compared with placebo experienced significantly lower risks, per 10 000 persons, for colorectal cancer over 5.6 years (59 vs 93 cases; 34 fewer [95% CI, 9-51]), diabetes over 5.6 years (403 vs 482 cases; 78 fewer [95% CI, 15-133]), and fractures over 5 years (864 vs 1094 cases; 230 fewer [95% CI, 66-372]). Risks, per 10 000 persons, were significantly increased for invasive breast cancer (242 vs 191 cases; 51 more [95% CI, 6-106]), gallbladder disease (723 vs 463 cases; 260 more [95% CI, 169-364]), stroke (187 vs 135 cases; 52 more [95% CI, 12-104]), and venous thromboembolism (246 vs 126 cases; 120 more [95% CI, 68-185]) over 5.6 years; probable dementia (179 vs 91 cases; 88 more [95% CI, 15-212]) over 4.0 years; and urinary incontinence (1707 vs 1145 cases; 562 more [95% CI, 412-726]) over 1 year. Conclusions and Relevance Use of hormone therapy in postmenopausal persons for the primary prevention of chronic conditions was associated with some benefits but also with an increased risk of harms.
Engineered and banked iPSCs for advanced NK- and T-cell immunotherapies
Authors: Frank Cichocki, Sjoukje J. C. van der Stegen, Jeffrey S. Miller
Journal: Blood (2022)

The development of methods to derive induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has propelled stem cell research, and has the potential to revolutionize many areas of medicine, including cancer immunotherapy. These cells can be propagated limitlessly and can differentiate into nearly any specialized cell type. The ability to perform precise multigene engineering at the iPSC stage, generate master cell lines after clonal selection, and faithfully promote differentiation along natural killer (NK) cells and T-cell lineages is now leading to new opportunities for the administration of off-the-shelf cytotoxic lymphocytes with direct antigen targeting to treat patients with relapsed/refractory cancer. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in iPSC editing and guided differentiation in the development of NK- and T-cell products for immunotherapy. We also discuss some of the potential barriers that remain in unleashing the full potential of iPSC-derived cytotoxic effector cells in the adoptive transfer setting, and how some of these limitations may be overcome through gene editing.
Interventions and outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma receiving salvage therapy after BCMA-directed CAR T therapy
Authors: Oliver Van Oekelen, Karthik Nath, Tarek H. Mouhieddine, Tasmin Farzana, Adolfo Aleman, David T. Melnekoff, Yogita Ghodke-Puranik, Gunjan L. Shah, Alexander Lesokhin, Sergio Giralt, Santiago Thibaud, Adriana Rossi, Cesar Rodriguez, Larysa Sanchez, Joshua Richter, Shambavi Richard, Hearn J. Cho, Ajai Chari, Saad Z. Usmani, Sundar Jagannath, Urvi A. Shah, Sham Mailankody, Samir Parekh
Journal: Blood (2022)

B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) therapy has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, and now there are two US Food and Drug Administration-approved BCMA-directed CAR T products. However, despite high initial response rates, most patients eventually relapse. The outcomes of patients with disease recurrence after BCMA-directed CAR T have not been comprehensively studied, and such an analysis would help define optimal treatment strategies. We analyzed the salvage treatments and outcomes of 79 patients with multiple myeloma from two academic institutions, who had progression of disease after treatment with BCMA-directed CAR T. A total of 237 post-CAR T salvage treatment lines were used, and patients received a median of 2 (range, 1-10) treatment lines. The median overall survival from the date of relapse post-CAR T therapy was 17.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.0 non-estimable). The overall response rate to the first salvage regimen was 43.4%, with a median progression-free survival of 3.5 months (CI, 2.5-4.6). Thirty-five patients (44.3%) received a T-cell-engaging therapy (bispecific antibody or subsequent CAR T) as salvage treatment. The overall survival in patients who received subsequent T-cell-engaging therapy was not reached after a median follow up of 21.3 months. Patients with multiple myeloma who relapse after BCMA-directed CAR T have a limited prognosis but can be potentially treated with multiple lines of salvage therapy. T-cell-engaging therapies appear to maintain pronounced clinical activity in this setting.
Performance of point-of care molecular and antigen-based tests for SARS-CoV-2: a living systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Paraskevi C. Fragkou, Charalampos D. Moschopoulos, Dimitra Dimopoulou, David S.Y. Ong, Konstantina Dimopoulou, Philipp P. Nelson, Valentijn A. Schweitzer, Hannah Janocha, Emmanouil Karofylakis, Konstantinos A. Papathanasiou, Sotirios Tsiordras, Giulia De Angelis, Clemens Thölken, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Ho-Ryun Chung, Chrysanthi Skevaki
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2022)
A Human Hereditary Cardiomyopathy Shares a Genetic Substrate With Bicuspid Aortic Valve
Authors: Marcos Siguero-Álvarez, Alejandro Salguero-Jiménez, Joaquim Grego-Bessa, Jorge de la Barrera, Donal MacGrogan, Belén Prados, Fernando Sánchez-Sáez, Rebeca Piñeiro-Sabarís, Natalia Felipe-Medina, Carlos Torroja, Manuel José Gómez, María Sabater-Molina, Rubén Escribá, Ivonne Richaud-Patin, Olalla Iglesias-García, Mauro Sbroggio, Sergio Callejas, Declan P. O’Regan, Kathryn A. McGurk, Ana Dopazo, Giovanna Giovinazzo, Borja Ibañez, Lorenzo Monserrat, José María Pérez-Pomares, Fátima Sánchez-Cabo, Alberto M. Pendas, Angel Raya, Juan R. Gimeno-Blanes, José Luis de la Pompa
Journal: Circulation (2022)

The complex genetics underlying human cardiac disease is evidenced by its heterogenous manifestation, multigenic basis, and sporadic occurrence. These features have hampered disease modeling and mechanistic understanding. Here, we show that 2 structural cardiac diseases, left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) and bicuspid aortic valve, can be caused by a set of inherited heterozygous gene mutations affecting the NOTCH ligand regulator MIB1 (MINDBOMB1) and cosegregating genes.
Long-term risk of relapse in immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and the role of anti-CD20 therapy
Authors: Andrew J. Doyle, Matthew J. Stubbs, Tina Dutt, Will Lester, Will Thomas, Joost van Veen, Joannes Hermans, Tanya Cranfield, Quentin A. Hill, Amanda Clark, Catherine Bagot, Steven Austin, John-Paul Westwood, Mari Thomas, Marie Scully
Journal: Blood (2022)
Receipt of Bilateral Mastectomy Among Women With Hereditary Breast Cancer
Authors: Sonya Reid, Mya L. Roberson, Kenna Koehler, Tiana Shah, Anne Weidner, Jennifer G. Whisenant, Tuya Pal
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

This case series study examines differences in surgical treatment among adult females with invasive breast cancer who have pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in genes with high vs moderate breast cancer penetrance.
One-year follow-up of the CAPSID randomized trial for high-dose convalescent plasma in severe COVID-19 patients
Authors: Sixten Körper, Beate Grüner, Daniel Zickler, Thomas Wiesmann, Patrick Wuchter, Rainer Blasczyk, Kai Zacharowski, Peter Spieth, Torsten Tonn, Peter Rosenberger, Gregor Paul, Jan Pilch, Joachim Schwäble, Tamam Bakchoul, Thomas Thiele, Julian Knörlein, Matthias M. Dollinger, Jörg Krebs, Martin Bentz, Victor M. Corman, Dzenan Kilalic, Gerlinde Schmidtke-Schrezenmeier, Philipp M. Lepper, Lucas Ernst, Hinnerk Wulf, Alexandra Ulrich, Manfred Weiss, Jan Matthias Kruse, Thomas Burkhardt, Rebecca Müller, Harald Klüter, Michael Schmidt, Bernd Jahrsdörfer, Ramin Lotfi, Markus Rojewski, Thomas Appl, Benjamin Mayer, Philipp Schnecko, Erhard Seifried, Hubert Schrezenmeier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

BACKGROUNDResults of many randomized trials on COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) have been reported, but information on long-term outcome after CCP treatment is limited. The objectives of this extended observation of the randomized CAPSID trial are to assess long-term outcome and disease burden in patients initially treated with or without CCP.METHODSOf 105 randomized patients, 50 participated in the extended observation. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed by questionnaires and a structured interview. CCP donors (n = 113) with asymptomatic to moderate COVID-19 were included as a reference group.RESULTSThe median follow-up of patients was 396 days, and the estimated 1-year survival was 78.7% in the CCP group and 60.2% in the control (P = 0.08). The subgroup treated with a higher cumulative amount of neutralizing antibodies showed a better 1-year survival compared with the control group (91.5% versus 60.2%, P = 0.01). Medical events and QoL assessments showed a consistent trend for better results in the CCP group without reaching statistical significance. There was no difference in the increase in neutralizing antibodies after vaccination between the CCP and control groups.CONCLUSIONThe trial demonstrated a trend toward better outcome in the CCP group without reaching statistical significance. A predefined subgroup analysis showed a significantly better outcome (long-term survival, time to discharge from ICU, and time to hospital discharge) among those who received a higher amount of neutralizing antibodies compared with the control group. A substantial long-term disease burden remains after severe COVID-19.Trial registrationEudraCT 2020-001310-38 and ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04433910.FundingBundesministerium für Gesundheit (German Federal Ministry of Health).
Association of Hormone Receptors With Clinical Outcomes in Patients With ERBB2-Low Breast Cancer
Authors: Vera Cappelletti, Serena Di Cosimo, Giancarlo Pruneri
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Allele-specific Expression Reveals Multiple Paths to Highland Adaptation in Maize
Authors: Haixiao Hu, Taylor Crow, Saghi Nojoomi, Aimee J Schulz, Juan M Estévez-Palmas, Matthew B Hufford, Sherry Flint-Garcia, Ruairidh Sawers, Rubén Rellán-Álvarez, Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra, Daniel E Runcie
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2022)

Maize is a staple food of smallholder farmers living in highland regions up to 4,000 m above sea level worldwide. Mexican and South American highlands are two major highland maize growing regions, and population genetic data suggest the maize's adaptation to these regions occurred largely independently, providing a case study for convergent evolution. To better understand the mechanistic basis of highland adaptation, we crossed maize landraces from 108 highland and lowland sites of Mexico and South America with the inbred line B73 to produce F1 hybrids and grew them in both highland and lowland sites in Mexico. We identified thousands of genes with divergent expression between highland and lowland populations. Hundreds of these genes show patterns of convergent evolution between Mexico and South America. To dissect the genetic architecture of the divergent gene expression, we developed a novel allele-specific expression analysis pipeline to detect genes with divergent functional cis-regulatory variation between highland and lowland populations. We identified hundreds of genes with divergent cis-regulation between highland and lowland landrace alleles, with 20 in common between regions, further suggesting convergence in the genes underlying highland adaptation. Further analyses suggest multiple mechanisms contribute to this convergence in gene regulation. Although the vast majority of evolutionary changes associated with highland adaptation were region specific, our findings highlight an important role for convergence at the gene expression and gene regulation levels as well.
Predictors of survival to immunotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis
Authors: Alessandro Di Federico, Andrea De Giglio, Francesco Gelsomino, Francesca Sperandi, Barbara Melotti, Andrea Ardizzoni
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2022)

Abstract Background Many patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) derive poor benefit from immunotherapy (IO). For some of them, adding chemotherapy (CT) can improve the outcomes, but the reliability of programmed death–ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression as the only biomarker to distinguish these patients is unsatisfactory. We sought to detect clinicopathological and molecular predictive factors of survival that might be added to PD-L1 expression in the selection of patients who should receive IO alone or chemoimmunotherapy (CIT). Methods We conducted a systematic search of randomized controlled clinical trials investigating IO, alone or with CT, vs CT alone in treatment-naïve advanced NSCLC patients. Meta-analyses and meta-regression analyses were performed to investigate IO alone vs CT, CIT vs CT, and IO alone vs CIT. Results A total of 14 367 patients with advanced NSCLC across 25 randomized controlled clinical trials were included. Squamous histology, male sex, current and former smoker status, PD-L1 expression of 50% or more, and high tumor mutational burden (TMB) correlated with improved survival with IO alone compared with CT. Conversely, female sex, no smoking history, negative PD-L1 expression, and low TMB correlated with unsatisfactory outcomes with IO alone vs CT but not with CIT vs CT. CIT improved survival vs IO alone in female patients, never smokers, those having a PD-L1 expression of 1% or more (but not with a PD-L1 of ≥ 50%) or a low TMB and in patients with central nervous system metastasis. Conclusions These findings suggest some clinicopathological and molecular features that, added to PD-L1 expression, could help in the selection of the most appropriate first-line IO-based treatment for advanced NSCLC patients.
Photosensitive and Conductive Hydrogel Induced Innerved Bone Regeneration for Infected Bone Defect Repair
Authors: Xirui Jing, Chao Xu, Weijie Su, Qiuyue Ding, Bing Ye, Yanlin Su, Keda Yu, Lian Zeng, Xu Yang, Yanzhen Qu, Kaifang Chen, Tingfang Sun, Zhiqiang Luo, Xiaodong Guo
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Repairing infected bone defects is a challenge in the field of orthopedics because of the limited self-healing capacity of bone tissue and the susceptibility of refractory materials to bacterial activity. Innervation is the initiating factor for bone regeneration and plays a key regulatory role in subsequent vascularization, ossification, and mineralization processes. Infection leads to necrosis of local nerve fibers, impeding the repair of infected bone defects. Herein, a biomaterial that can induce skeletal-associated neural network reconstruction and bone regeneration with high antibacterial activity is proposed for the treatment of infected bone defects. A photosensitive conductive hydrogel is prepared by incorporating magnesium-modified black phosphorus (BP@Mg) into gelatin methacrylate (GelMA). The near-infrared irradiation-based photothermal and photodynamic treatment of black phosphorus endows it with strong antibacterial activity, improving the inflammatory microenvironment and reducing bacteria-induced bone tissue damage. The conductive nanosheets and bioactive ions released from BP@Mg synergistically improve the migration and secretion of Schwann cells, promote neurite outgrowth, and facilitate innerved bone regeneration. In an infected skull defect model, the GelMA-BP@Mg hydrogel shows efficient antibacterial activity and promotes bone and CGRP+ nerve fiber regeneration. The phototherapy conductive hydrogel provides a novel strategy based on skeletal-associated innervation for infected bone defect repair.
Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adolescents with Obesity
Authors: Daniel Weghuber, Timothy Barrett, Margarita Barrientos-Pérez, Inge Gies, Dan Hesse, Ole K. Jeppesen, Aaron S. Kelly, Lucy D. Mastrandrea, Rasmus Sørrig, Silva Arslanian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

A once-weekly, 2.4-mg dose of subcutaneous semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is used to treat obesity in adults, but assessment of the drug in adolescents has been lacking.