tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cimetidine
Authors: Charles Clayman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This is a collection of articles on cimetidine presented at a British hospital in the spring of 1978. The data are nevertheless current, since the use of cimetidine in the United Kingdom is at least a year ahead of its introduction in the United States. The discussion of the action and toxicity of cimetidine, including its anti-androgen-like effect is followed by confirmation of its benefits in treating active duodenal ulcer and a review of its other uses in acid peptic disease. An effort to explore conditions for which cimetidine has been tried leads to a discussion of dyspepsia, erosive gastritis, and duodenitis, where conclusions still relate benefit only to suppression of hydrochloric acid secretion and associated improvement. An effort to assess cimetidine's impact on the natural history of duodenal ulcer concludes that maintenance treatment is of some benefit in prolonging remissions as well as treating ulcers that recur after ulcer
Study of the Stability of a Paramagnetic Label Linked to Mesoporous Silica Surface in Contact with Rat Mesothelial Cells in Culture
Authors: Laura Mollo, Valerie Levresse, Maria F. Ottaviani, Sophie Ellouk-Achard, Marie-Claude Jaurand, Bice Fubini
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Stable radicals detectable by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) may be of use in the investigation of early events in cell-particle toxicity.Piperidine-N-oxyl derivatives (nitroxides), covalently linked to the surface of a high surface area silica (used as model solid for the technique), served as probes in the investigation of the effects of incubation of silica particles with mesothelial cells.A mesoporous silica (MCM-41), prepared by precipitation from a micellar solution, was the most appropriate silica-based particle for this purpose, as its channels allow direct contact with small molecules but not with macromolecules.The cytotoxicity of this amorphous silica is very low, allowing relatively high particle loading in the cell cultures.Both the high surface area of the sample and the large amount of inorganic material extracted from the cell culture provide enough material to run reasonably intense EPR spectra.Computer-aided analysis of the EPR spectra of silica-bound nitroxides provided information on the sensitivity of the labeled silica monitoring different environments, e.g., to follow the path of particles in a mammalian cell culture.Upon contact of the particles with mesothelial cells, the mean distance among the labels at the silica surface decreased as a consequence of the release of oxidizing and/or radical moieties from the cells.
Normal and Abnormal Intestinal Absorption by Humans
Authors: William D. Heizer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Adults eating a Western diet digest and absorb ingested food containing approximately 100 g fat, 350 g carbohydrate, and 75 g protein daily. Normal fat absorption requires adequate gastric, pancreatic, liver-biliary, mucosal, and lymphatic function. Carbohydrate and protein absorption is much less dependent on liver-biliary and lymphatic function. The intestine has a large reserve capacity for digestion and absorption of nutrients which is due to both excess function and to adaptive changes which increase function in one segment of the digestive-absorptive system when it is decreased or lost in another segment. The large reserve capacity explains why most of the prevalent intestinal diseases seldom cause clinically detectable changes in absorption. However, there are more than 30 less-common human diseases which cause malabsorption of one or more nutrients. Those that cause the malabsorption syndrome, i.e., steatorrhea and weight loss, can be conveniently categorized according to the major deficiency leading to the absorptive defect as follows: insufficient pancreatic enzyme activity, insufficient bile acid, disease of the small intestinal wall, multiple defects, mechanism unknown, and drug-induced malabsorption. A few diseases, most of which are congenital, cause malabsorption of only one or a few related nutrients such as lactose malabsorption in lactase deficiency. Most of the tests currently in use for detecting and diagnosing the cause of malabsorption are relatively insensitive and nonspecific. Chemical analysis of the fat in a three-day stool collection remains the single best test for diagnosing the malabsorption syndrome. However, a breath test using Triolein labeled with either the radioactive or stable isotope of carbon may be an important recent advance. Other breath tests are also currently being investigated for quantitating absorption or malabsorption of various substances including bile acids and various sugars. Studies of the function of the intestinal epithelial cells are usually best accomplished using tissue obtained by per oral biopsy. Biopsy specimens are used for many types of study including light and electron microscopic examination, chemical and enzymatic assays, tissue culture, and uptake of various radiolabeled compounds.
IMMUNITY.CHAPTER XXXIV.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TYPE I PNEUMONIA AND ITS SERUM TREATMENT
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
State-Specific Maternal Mortality Among Black and White Women—United States, 1987-1996
Journal: JAMA (1999)

One of the national health objectives for 2000 is to reduce the overall maternal mortality ratio ([MMR] i.e., number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live-born infants) to no more than 3.3 (objective 14.3); however, during 1982-1996, the MMR remained at approximately 7.5. In addition, the risk for maternal mortality consistently has been higher among black women than white women. This report presents state-specific MMRs for 1987-1996, focusing on persistent disparities in maternal mortality between black and white women. The findings indicate that in every state where MMRs could be reliably calculated, black women were more likely than white women to die from complications of pregnancy and that the 2000 objective will not be met; however, for white women, it has been met in three states.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of FOLFOX therapy in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: T. Funakoshi, T. Horimatsu, A. Yamada, T. Kirishima, T. Mizukami, Y. Harada, M. Nakajima, S. Nakagawa, T. Matsubara, M. Yanagita, M. Muto
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Myeloid Leukemia after Hematotoxins
Authors: Richard A. Larson, Michelle M. LeBeau, James W. Vardiman, Janet D. Rowley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

One of the most serious consequences of cancer therapy is the development of a second cancer, especially leukemia.Several distinct subsets of therapy-related leukemia can now be distinguished.Classic therapy-related myeloid leukemia typically occurs 5 to 7 years after exposure to alkylating agents and/or irradiation, has a myelodysplastic phase with trilineage involvement, and is characterized by abnormalities of the long arms of chromosomes 5 and/or 7. Response to treatment is poor, and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is recommended.Leukemia following treatment with agents that inhibit topoisomerase 11, however, has a shorter latency, no preleukemic phase, a monoblastic, myelomonocytic, or myeloblastic phenotype, and balanced translocations, most commonly involving chromosome bands 1 1q23 or 21q22.The MLL gene at 1 1 q23 or the AML 1 gene at 21 q22 are almost uniformly rearranged.MLL is involved with many fusion gene partners.Therapy-related acute lymphoblastic leukemia also occurs with 1 1 q23 rearrangements.Therapy-related leukemias with 1 1 q23 or 21 q22 rearrangements, inv(1 6) or t(15;17), have a more favorable response to treatment and a clinical course similar to their de novo counterparts.
Statistical aspects
Authors: Michael J Campbell
Journal: BMJ (2004)

validated and quantifiable measure of the severity of the condition. Advice is neededNo drugs are licensed for treating pregnancy sickness in the United Kingdom.However, evidence based guidelines approved by the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada state that diclectin (pyridoxine 10 mg and doxylamine 10 mg) should be the initial treatment as it has the greatest evidence to support its efficacy and safety in pregnancy. 5n the absence of such a guideline in the United Kingdom, general practitioners are left to give reassurance and general advice.They occasionally resort to prescribing, as in this case history, often using something like prochlorperazine or metoclopramide, for which there are few data on effectiveness or safety in pregnancy.Competing interests: RG is a trustee of the charity pregnancysicknesssupport, which
Urinary phenazopyridine stones. A complication of therapy
Authors: W. P. Mulvaney
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Phenazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium) is an analgesic used in the urinary tract. Vesical calculi have been removed composed of almost pure phenazopyridine. The calculi were analyzed by x-ray diffraction, spectroscopy, and chemical quantitation. Large and prolonged dosage combined with urinary concentration may have caused the calculus growth. This case demonstrates the importance of crystallographic analysis of urinary tract calculi.
Head Injury
Authors: Julian T. Hoff
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<b>Head Injury: Basic and Clinical Aspects,</b>edited by Robert G. Grossman and Philip L. Gildenberg (<i>Seminars in Neurological Surgery</i>, conference, Chicago), 282 pp, with illus, $52, New York, Raven Press, 1982. <i>Head Injury: Basic and Clinical Aspects</i>is the latest in a series of published seminars concerning progress in neurological surgery. It focuses on new information about head injury, placing heavy emphasis on basic research. Seventeen of the 27 invited papers focus on primary responses of the brain to traumatic injury. The remaining ten are clinically oriented, reflecting current interest in outcome prediction. Drs Grossman and Gildenberg purposely arranged the seminar so that it would provide a coherent presentation of the state of the art in head injury research. The chapters are well written and edited, clearly illustrated, and adequately referenced. The tone of the book is established initially by Langfitt and Gennarelli, who present a holistic view of head
Immunological Diseases
Authors: A M Denman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

The man who played a large part in getting Mrs Thatcher elected three times deserves a hearing, whatever else you may wish to do to him.He combines with Liz Gill, a journalist who regularly contributes to The Times, to produce a most readable and informative book.Every person who has the misfortune to be given the responsibility of organising a large conference should read this volume-and those who organise smaller ones would benefit also.Harvey Thomas is an international public relations consultant and director of presentation of the Conservative party, having previously directed many of the Billy Graham international crusades.The 10 chapters are presented in three sections.The first deals with public speaking (whether to a meeting, on the radio, or before television cameras), the second with organising special events, and the third with improving grass roots support.
Ordering and administration of sedatives and analgesics during the withholding and withdrawal of life support from critically ill patients
Authors: W. C. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine why and how sedatives and analgesics are ordered and administered during the withholding and withdrawal of life support from critically ill patients. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective case series. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Medical-surgical intensive care units at a county hospital and a university hospital. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Consecutive 1-year sample of 22 patients from whom life support was withheld or withdrawn in one intensive care unit at a county hospital and a random sample of 22 similar patients in the intensive care unit in the university hospital over the same period. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Physicians and nurses were interviewed to determine their reasons for ordering and administering drugs, and medical records were reviewed to document amounts of drugs ordered and administered. <h3>Results.</h3> —Drugs were given to 75% of patients during withholding and withdrawal of life support. Patients who did not receive medication were comatose and considered incapable of benefiting from sedation and analgesia. The median time until death following the initiation of the withholding or withdrawal of life support was 3.5 hours in the patients who received drugs and 1.3 hours in those patients who did not (P, not significant). Physicians ordered drugs to decrease pain in 88% of patients, to decrease anxiety in 85%, to decrease air hunger in 76%, to comfort families in 82%, and to hasten death in 39%; in no instance was hastening death the only reason cited. The amounts of benzodiazepines and opiates averaged 2.2 mg/h of diazepam and 3.3 mg/h of morphine sulfate in the 24 hours before withholding and withdrawal of life support and 9.8 mg/h and 11.2 mg/h in the 24 hours thereafter (<i>P</i>&lt;.025 and<i>P</i>&lt;.001, respectively). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Large doses of sedatives and analgesics were ordered primarily to relieve pain and suffering during the withholding and withdrawal of life support, and death was not hastened by drug administration. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:949-953)
Particles Causing Lung Disease
Authors: Kaye H. Kilburn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The lung has a limited number of patterns of reaction to inhaled particles. The disease observed depends upon the location: conducting airways, terminal bronchioles and alveoli, and upon the nature of inflammation induced: acute, subacute or chronic. Many different agents cause narrowing of conducting airways (asthma) and some of these cause permanent distortion or obliteration of airways as well. Terminal bronchioles appear to be particularly susceptible to particles which cause goblet cell metaplasia, mucous plugging and ultimately peribronchiolar fibrosis. Cancer is the last outcome at the bronchial level and appears to depend upon continuous exposure to or retention of an agent in the airway and failure of the affected cells to be exfoliated which may be due to squamous metaplasia. Alveoli are populated by endothelial cells, Type I or pavement epithelial cells and metabolically active cuboidal Type II cells that produce the lungs specific surfactant, dipalmytol lecithin. Disturbances of surfactant lead to edema in distal lung while laryngeal edema due to anaphylaxis or fumes may produce asphyxia. Physical retention of indigestible particles or retention by immune memory responses may provoke hyaline membranes, stimulate alveolar lipoproteinosis and finally fibrosis. This later exuberant deposition of connective tissue has been best studied in the occupational pneumoconioses especially silicosis and asbestosis. In contrast emphysema a catabolic response, appears frequently to result from leakage or release of lysosomal proteases into the lung during processing of cigarette smoke particles. The insidious and probably most important human lung disease due to particles is bronchiolar obstruction and obliteration, producing progressive impairment of air flow. The responsible particle is the complex combination of poorly digestive lipids and complex carbohydrates with active chemicals which we call cigarette smoke. More research is needed to perfect, correct and quantify our preliminary picture of the pathogenesis of lung disease by particles, but a useful start has been made.
Demand v need v physician prerogatives in the use of the WBC differential
Authors: W. A. Rock
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The clinical use of the WBC differential was investigated before and after it was made available on demand. The results indicate that no consistent policy existed in our hospital for the ordering of a differential. When differentials were made available on demand, the number of differentials did not increase compared with earlier periods. The demand for differentials may have been caused more by the denial of a physician's prerogative to order a differential rather than by its requirement for patient care. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:613-616)
PWE-086 The Role of Human Neutrophil Elastase and its Inhibitor Elafin In Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: K Kok, R Curciarello, P Biancheri, L Langmead, T MacDonald
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterised by an influx of neutrophils which secrete large amounts of human neutrophil elastase (HNE), causing matrix degradation. They also produce the elastase-specific inhibitor, elafin. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relative production of elastase and elafin in active UC, and to investigate the modulatory effect of elafin on mucosal proteolytic activity <i>ex vivo</i>. <h3>Methods</h3> We utilised intestinal biopsies from 18 patients with active UC and 12 non-UC healthy controls. Biopsies were homogenised and lysed to extract mucosal proteins. Proteolytic activity, using elastin as a substrate, was determined. Concentrations of elafin were measured using ELISA. The effect of protease inhibitors on proteolytic activity were determined <i>in vitro</i> using elafin, marimastat (matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor) and the synthetic elastase inhibitor, AAPV [N-(Methoxysuccinyl)-Ala-Ala- Pro-Val Chloromethyl Ketone]. The effect of elafin on proteolytic activity <i>ex vivo</i> was assessed by 24 hour organ culture in the presence and absence of elafin. Unpaired Student’s t-test was used for statistical analyses. <h3>Results</h3> Mucosal protein homogenates from patients with active UC displayed higher proteolytic activity in comparison to healthy controls (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Elafin levels were increased in mucosal homogenates from active UC (<i>p</i> = 0.007). The addition of elafin, marimastat or AAPV, <i>in vitro</i>, each diminished proteolytic activity. Organ culture of UC biopsies in the presence of elafin reduces the proteolytic activity of active UC <i>ex vivo</i> (n.s.). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Colonic mucosal tissue from UC patients displays significantly higher elastinolytic activity in comparison to healthy controls. The addition of elafin has a restorative effect on the elastinolytic activity of UC mucosal homogenates, with the most notable effect in those tissues that had highest proteolytic activity. This occurs in the presence of significantly higher quantities of elafin in active UC mucosa. These data also show a beneficial modulatory effect of elafin on human gut tissue, suggesting a possible role for supplementary elafin in the treatment of UC. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Piano Teacher
Authors: Noel Crook
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Researchers Describe Latest Strategies to Combat Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes
Authors: J. Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Phase 1 study of E7046, a PGE2 receptor EP-4 inhibitor that targets immunosuppressive myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME)
Authors: D. Hong, A. Varga, A. Parikh, G. Shapiro, L. Reyderman, M. Ren, S. Dayal, T. Binder, C.E. Ooi, Ö Ataman, A. Marabelle
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)