tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Experimental Antitumor Activity of the Amsacrine Analogue CI-921
Authors: Wilbur R. Leopold, III, Thomas H. Corbett, Daniel P. Griswold, Jr., Jacqueline Plowman, Bruce C. Baguley
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

CI-921 is a di-substituted analogue of amsacrine currently in phase 1 clinical trial. CI-921 was developed to clinical trial largely on the basis of a series of studies at five cancer research laboratories that demonstrated its improved spectrum and degree of activity relative to those of amsacrine against murine tumor models. The tumor models studied included lung, colon, and mammary carcinomas and encompassed a wide range of biologic properties and chemosensitivities. CI-921 had significant activity against 16 of 19 (84%) tumor models examined. The activity of CI-921 was superior to that of amsacrine in 10 of 14 tumor systems that were sensitive to at least one of the agents and for which comparable data existed. In the remaining four systems, CI-921 and amsacrine were equivalent in activity. CI-921 was found to be roughly equipotent with amsacrine on a milligram-per-kilogram (body wt) basis and was found to have significantly higher activity when given orally.
Splenic Rupture Associated With Bacterial Endocarditis and Sickle Cell Trait
Authors: Joseph M. Baron
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A patient with bacterial endocarditis and sickle cell trait survived septic rupture of the spleen. This is the third reported case of survival following this rare complication of endocarditis. Certain features permitted early suspicion of the complication and the favorable outcome is attributed to prompt operation followed by prolonged therapy with antibiotics for the endocarditis. Of key importance is the early diagnosis based upon the awareness of the frequent association of a significant pathological condition in the spleen and bacterial endocarditis.
Two Thousand Years of Science: The Wonders of Nature and Their Discoverers.
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical Ethics' Assault on Medical Values
Authors: Kenneth R. Howe
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The criticism of medical ethics recently offered by Clements and Sider echoes that offered by Cheryl Nobel.<sup>1</sup>The general point is argued again that the dominant approach to medical ethics—in which solutions to medical-ethical problems are obtained by employing the tools of traditional philosophical ethics—is untenable, chiefly because it is "formal" (according to Clements and Sider) or "acontextual" (according to Nobel). Generally speaking, the authors strike me as philosophically muddled and aiming their arguments at strawmen, but others have made these points well.<sup>2-4</sup>An issue that has been overlooked to this point is the clearly empirical claim that is made on behalf of physicians—that medical ethics is of "dubious value" to them. The evidence I have collected as the evaluator of Michigan State's Medical Humanities Program in connection with hospital-based ethics conferences, self-standing courses, integrated course materials, and other activities disconfirms this claim, with respect
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Tumors frequently arise as a result of progressive acquisition of genetic anomalies causing altered regulation of critical genes important for aspects of cell survival.Identification of genetic abnormalities associated with cancer development has been facilitated by DNA sequencing technology, with next-generation sequencing readily identifying and cataloging abnormalities.In the report of their study at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (Cambridge, UK), Stephens and colleagues describe deep sequencing data from a broad range of cancers and cancer cell lines revealing data consistent with shattering and/or restitching of chromosomes, leading to repeated and varied copy number alterations occurring across single chromosomes (sparing the partner chromosome), and resulting in hundreds of breakpoints.This phenomenon, dubbed chromothripsis (chromosome shattering) occurs in up to 25% of bone cancer (osteosarcomas and chordomas), and in 2-3% of other tumors, including melanoma, lung cancer, glioma, synovial sarcoma, and esophageal, colorectal, renal, thyroid, and hematologic malignancies.Chromosome shattering may result from inappropriate cues directing condensation of an incompletely replicated chromosome.The resulting fragments are likely to be joined back together by nonhomologous end joining.Although detailed mechanistic insights into this apparently common process remain to be clarified, it appears that cells can survive this colossal chromosomal insult and rearrangement, resulting in multiple rearrangements that confer growth advantages, thus leading to cancer.(Image
Specific Tumor Immunity Induced With Mitomycin C-Treated Syngeneic Tumor Cells (MCT). Effects of Carrageenan and Trypan Blue on MCT-Induced Immunity in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Journal Article Specific Tumor Immunity Induced With Mitomycin C-Treated Syngeneic Tumor Cells (MCT). Effects of Carrageenan and Trypan Blue on MCT-Induced Immunity in Mice Get access Roxanne L. Wu, Roxanne L. Wu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Raymond Kearney Raymond Kearney 5 5Address reprint requests to Dr. Kearney. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 64, Issue 1, January 1980, Pages 81–87, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/64.1.81 Published: 01 January 1980 Article history Received: 31 January 1979 Accepted: 01 June 1979 Published: 01 January 1980
Whirlpool-Associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Paul Salmen
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Three previously healthy outpatients had urinary tract infection caused by<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. Investigation disclosed that all three patients had been exposed to whirlpool baths within 48 hours before the onset of symptoms.<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>was isolated from the whirlpool bath associated with each case. Whirlpool baths and spas are commonly contaminated with<i>Pseudomonas</i>and have in the past been associated with rash illness and folliculitis. In addition to these skin infections, our results indicate that whirlpool bath or spa exposure may be an emerging risk factor associated with<i>Pseudomonas</i>urinary tract infections among outpatients. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:2025-2026)
Effectiveness of Antibacterial Soaps in a Healthy Population
Authors: Albert R. MacKenzie
Journal: JAMA (1970)

An antibacterial bar soap containing 1.5% of a mixture of hexachlorophene and triclocarban was used exclusively during a six-month period at the US Naval Academy to determine its ability to reduce the incidence of superficial cutaneous bacterial infections. Comparison was made with a bar soap identical, except in color, that did not contain the antibacterial ingredients. The incidence of superficial cutaneous bacterial infections was decreased a statistically significant 44% in the group using the antibacterial soap. No instances of irritation, photosensitivity, or other untoward reactions were noted among the 1,201 users of either bar soap.
Persistent pruritus after hydroxyethyl starch infusion therapy: a result of long-term storage in cutaneous nerves
Authors: D. METZE, S. REIMANN, Z. SZEPFALUSI, B. BOHLE, D. KRAFT, T.A. LUGER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

A high incidence of severe pruritus had been observed after the administration of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) on account of plasma volume substitution and improvement of the microcirculation. The aim of this study was to elucidate the possible pathomechanisms of HES-induced itching. Sking biopsies were taken from 93 patients, half of them presenting with pruritus, who received HES of various preparations and cumulative dosages. The samples were subjected to immunoelectron microscopical investigation using an antibody highly specific for HES. After infusioin therapy with HES, formation of intracytoplasmic storage vacuoles in the skin could be demonstrated in all patients. A dose- dependent uptake of HES was first detectable in macrophages and, thereafter, in endothelial and epithelial cells. Consecutive control biopsies taken from single patients revealed a subsequent reduction of the vacuoles, in size and number, within 3 years, thus indicating a regular cutaneous metabolism of HES. Patients suffering from pruritus consistently showed additional deposition of HES in small peripheral nerves. HES-reactive vacuoles could be demonstrated in the Schwann cells of unmyelinated, as well as small myelinated, nerve fibres, and in endoneural and perineural cells. Neural devacuolization paralleled the clinical improvement in the symptoms. In conclusion, HES deposits in cutaneous nerves, as a consequence of a higher cumulative dosage, may account for the itching seen after HES infusion.
Reverse Transcriptase From Mason-Pfizer Monkey Tumor Virus, Avian Myeloblastosis Virus, and Rauscher Leukemia Virus and Its Response to Rifamycin Derivatives&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Robert C. Gallo, John W. Abrell, Marjorie S. Robert, Stringner S. Yang, R. Graham Smith
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Template requirements and inhibition by various rifampicin derivatives of 3 partially purified DNA polymeroses from RNA tumor viruses (avian myeloblastosis, Mason-Pfizer monkey tumor, and Rauscher murine leukemia) were compared to 5 purified cellular DNA polymerases. The partially purified polymerases from RNA tumor viruses exhibited similar template characteristics which enabled these “reverse transcriptases” to be distinguished from the purified cellular enzymes. The octyloxime and phenylhydrazone derivatives of rifampicin were potent inhibitors of all viral polymerases but also inhibited the cellular enzymes. However, N-demethylrifampicin was more inhibitory for the viral enzymes.
Cancer of the Urogenital Tract: Bladder Cancer
Authors: Philip Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Palliation in advanced cancer (Introductory Figure) is mainly relief from distressing symptoms. Subjective improvement by any modality is not considered effective unless it is accompanied by some objective regression of the tumor. Treatment for stage D bladder cancer can give the patient benefit without always directly attacking the cancer. Major complaints are related to obstruction, infection, and hemorrhage, and each can be relieved by different maneuvers requiring either surgical treatment or radiotherapy. Diversion of the urinary stream is an important contribution to caring for this stage of bladder cancer; numerous means of accomplishing this task are available. The morbidity and mortality must be considered and depend upon the medical problems of the host. Often, diversion may be sufficient to provide symptomatic relief, but hemorrhage and infection may not be controlled without vigorous treatment. Jacobs presents his views on this topic. Irradiation for advanced cancer with intent to palliate may require
PROPHYLAXIS OF VENEREAL DISEASE.
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Method of Medicare Reimbursement and the Rate of Potentially Ineffective Care of Critically III Patients
Authors: Daniel J. Cher
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Context.</h3> —The worst outcome of critical care may not be death itself; rather, the worst may be an extended death process in which a patient's and his or her family's suffering has been prolonged by services that are ultimately impotent. We have previously used potentially ineffective care (PIC) as a proxy measure for this type of care. <h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine if PIC is delivered less often to Medicare patients enrolled in health maintenance organizations (HMOs) than those in traditional fee-for-service health plans. <h3>Patients.</h3> —All Medicare patients hospitalized in intensive care units in California during fiscal year 1994. <h3>Outcome.</h3> —Potentially ineffective care was defined as the concurrence of in-hospital death or death within 100 days of hospital discharge and resource use (total hospital costs) above the 90th percentile. <h3>Methods.</h3> —Hospital costs were adjusted for institution-specific cost-to-charge ratios and local wage indices derived from Health Care Financing Administration cost reports. A multivariate regression model adjusted PIC rates for age, sex, race, elective admission to the hospital, Charlson index diseases, the 15 most common diagnosis related groups for death by 100 days, intensive care unit size, and number of residents at the hospital. <h3>Results.</h3> —A total of 3914 (4.8%) of 81 494 patients experienced PIC and used 21.6% of total intensive care unit resources. The occurrence of PIC was less common among HMO members (adjusted odds ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.87). However, HMO members were not more likely to experience in-hospital death (adjusted odds ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.91-1.07) and only slightly more likely to experience death by 100 days after hospital discharge (adjusted odds ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.15). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Patients who experience PIC outcomes are not uncommon in the Medicare population, and patients experiencing this outcome consume a disproportionate amount of medical resources. Medicare beneficiaries in HMO practice settings had a lower risk of experiencing PIC outcomes after adjusting for age, sex, diagnosis, comorbid conditions, and characteristics of the treating hospital. This suggests that HMO practices may be better at limiting or avoiding injudicious use of critical care near the end of life.
Growth and Characterization of Childhood Rhabdomyosarcomas as Xenografts&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J. A. Houghton, P. J . Houghton
 5, B. L. Webber
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Eleven surgical specimens of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), two bone marrow samples, and cells from ascitic fluid from 1 patient were implanted sc into immune-deprived inbred CBA/CaJ mice. From these, seven lines of RMS were obtained as xenografts, each retaining the histologic characteristics of the tumor of origin and human lactate dehydrogenase isozymes; these represented 6 of the 11 surgical specimens, whereas one line originated from the transplanted cells from ascitic fluid. It was concluded that childhood RMS has a fairly high frequency of heterotransplantability in this system and that such a laboratory model may prove useful in the development of new therapeutic regimens in this disease.
Acute intermittent porphyria
Authors: R Mijosević, N Suvajdzić, G Janković, M Colović
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Acute intermittent porphyria is an inherited disease caused by genetic deficiency of enzyme prophobilinogen deaminase, which stopped heme synthesis. It is characterized by overproduction, accumulation and excretion of heme precursors. The authors present a young woman with clinical signs and symptoms of disease, treated successfully with heme-arginate, a newly synthetized drug in clinical use since 1985.
A STUDY OF ASSOCIATION IN INSANITY
Authors: Grace Helen Kent, A. J. Rosanoff
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1910)

The normal range of reaction in response to any of our stimulus words is largely confined within narrow limits. The frequency tables compiled from test records given by one thousand normal subjects comprise over ninety per cent of the normal range in the average case. With the aid of the frequency tables and the appendix normal reactions, with a very few exceptions, can be sharply distinguished from pathological ones. The separation of pathological reactions from normal ones simplifies the task of their analysis, and makes possible the application of a classification based on objective criteria. By the application of the association test, according to the method here proposed, no sharp distinction can be drawn between mental health and mental disease; a large collection of material shows a gradual and not an abrupt transition from the normal state to pathological states. In dementia præcox, some paranoic conditions, manic-depressive insanity, general paresis, and epileptic dementia the test reveals some characteristic, though not pathognomonic, associational tendencies.
Double-blind trial of botulinum A toxin for the treatment of focal hyperhidrosis of the palms
Authors: P. SCHNIDER, M. BINDER, E. AUFF, H. KITTLER, T. BERGER, K. WOLFF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Double‐blind trial of botulinum A toxin for the treatment of focal hyperhidrosis of the palms Get access P. SCHNIDER, P. SCHNIDER Division of Neurological Rehabilotation, Department of Neurology, University Clinic of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. BINDER, M. BINDER Division of General Dermatology. Department of Dermatology, University Clinic of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. AUFF, E. AUFF Division of Neurological Rehabilotation, Department of Neurology, University Clinic of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. KITTLER, H. KITTLER Division of General Dermatology. Department of Dermatology, University Clinic of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. BERGER, T. BERGER Division of Neurological Rehabilotation, Department of Neurology, University Clinic of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. WOLFF K. WOLFF Division of General Dermatology. Department of Dermatology, University Clinic of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 136, Issue 4, 1 April 1997, Pages 548–552, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.d01-1233.x Published: 01 April 1997 Article history Accepted: 13 September 1996 Published: 01 April 1997
Risk Factors for Meningiomas in Men in Los Angeles County&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

A case-control study among men in Los Angeles County was conducted to investigate further the causes of intracranial meningiomas. Meningioma patients and a neighbor of each one were interviewed about past experiences that might be associated with tumor development. Analysis of information from the 105 matched pairs showed an association with meningioma occurrence for various factors relating to head trauma and head X-rays: 1) ever boxed as a sport [odds ratio (OR)=2.0, P=0.03], 2) had a serious head injury (OR = 1.9, P=0.01), and 3) had X-ray treatment to the head before 20 years of age and/or had five or more full mouth dental X-ray series before 1945 (OR=3.5, P=0.02). Of the 105 subjects, 72 (69%) had a history of exposure to at least one of these factors.
Who Is Minding the World?
Authors: Robert J. Joynt
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The power of the president of the United States is unparalleled, so concerns about the physical and mental health of the incumbent are and should be of major concern. There are several reasons for these concerns with any leader, but some are specific to the president. First, the schedule of business, entertaining, and travel is exhausting and stressful. The travel may be over several time zones with the attendant problem of jet lag and disrupted sleep patterns. Second, the president is a frequent target of assassins. Third, the position and authority of the staff are dependent on the continuing and active presence of the president. They would be loathe to point out personal frailties to the incumbent and to make these frailties known to the public. There are several instances of this, the most prominent being that of President Wilson. Post and Robins,<sup>1</sup>writing about the effect of illness
Systemic Tolerance of Osmotically Induced Oncolysis in Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Acute necrosis of R3230AC mammary tumor or thyroid carcinoma subcutaneously implanted in F344 rats was achieved by injection of a strongly hypertonic hexose and serotonin solution at 37°C into and around the tumors. Changes in gross metabolism, hematology, and blood chemistry were then followed over a 9-day period, and they were most marked during or at the end of the first 24 hours. Food intake of the rats was sharply reduced, whereas drinking and diuresis were increased. Marked hemodilution and increased serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, potassium, and uric acid were observed, as well as stable serum concentrations of sodium and chloride. Glucose overload, as opposed to fructose overload, led to secondary hypoglycemia. From day 2 food consumption returned to normal and increased thereafter. Water intake and urine output remained high. After an initial loss, body weight caught up with that of control rats. Hematocrit recovered partially, whereas blood chemistry progressively returned to about normal values.