tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Post-Pandemic Enigma: The Cardiovascular Impact of Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Tamanna K. Singh, David A. Zidar, Keith McCrae, Kristin B. Highland, Kristin Englund, Scott J. Cameron, Mina K. Chung
Journal: Circulation Research (2023)

COVID-19 has become the first modern-day pandemic of historic proportion, affecting >600 million individuals worldwide and causing >6.5 million deaths. While acute infection has had devastating consequences, postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection appears to be a pandemic of its own, impacting up to one-third of survivors and often causing symptoms suggestive of cardiovascular phenomena. This review will highlight the suspected pathophysiology of postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2, its influence on the cardiovascular system, and potential treatment strategies.
Incidental Detection of Dual Spinal Meningiomas on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT Masquerading as Metastatic Disease in a Patient With Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumor
Authors: Nir Hod, Daniel Levin, Katerina Tiktinsky, Sophie Lantsberg
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Simultaneous occurrence of multiple meningiomas of the spine appearing at different neuroaxial levels is extremely rare event. We present the scintigraphic findings of incidentally detected multiple meningiomas of the spine on 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT during the evaluation of a patient with pulmonary carcinoid tumor. These scintigraphic findings could result in a "false-positive" interpretation by exhibiting highly increased uptake similar to that of metastases of neuroendocrine neoplasm. Nuclear medicine physicians should be aware of this potential pitfall in somatostatin receptor imaging to prevent misinterpretation.
Incidental Detection of Ilium Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis on 99mTc-DTPA Renal Dynamic Scintigraphy
Authors: Yujiao Deng, Jian He, Limeng He, Haiyan Gao, Wei Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract We report the case of a 24-year-old man who underwent 99m Tc-DTPA scintigraphy for the evaluation the renal function. This scan incidentally showed an abnormal uptake of 99m Tc-DTPA in the left lower abdominal region. SPECT/CT fusion images showed osteolytic bone destruction in the left ilium associated with soft tissue mass and elevated DTPA uptake. Biopsy pathology of the ilium lesion demonstrated Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
Bladder Distention Demonstrating Vesicourachal Diverticulum on 18F-FDG PET/CT Images of a Lung Cancer Patient
Authors: Xuan-Ping Lu, Wen-Wei Sung, Jui-Hung Weng, Jui-Hung Weng, Jiun-Yi Hsia, Pan-Fu Kao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

A 58-year-old man with lung cancer was referred for an 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan for pretreatment staging. The FDG PET/CT scan revealed focal uptakes in the lower abdomen. We differentiated the etiology of the lesions by performing a delayed scan with urine retention and bladder distension. The delayed scan demonstrated a tubular, radioactivity-filled structure arising above the urinary bladder. Combining the FDG PET/CT scan, clinical findings, and ultrasonography, we made the diagnosis of vesicourachal diverticulum.
Interaction of COVID-19 With Common Cardiovascular Disorders
Authors: Peter K. Boulos, Scott V. Freeman, Timothy D. Henry, Ehtisham Mahmud, John C. Messenger
Journal: Circulation Research (2023)

The onset and widespread dissemination of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in late 2019 impacted the world in a way not seen since the 1918 H1N1 pandemic, colloquially known as the Spanish Flu. Much like the Spanish Flu, which was observed to disproportionately impact young adults, it became clear in the early days of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that certain groups appeared to be at higher risk for severe illness once infected. One such group that immediately came to the forefront and garnered international attention was patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease. Here, we examine the available literature describing the interaction of COVID-19 with a myriad of cardiovascular conditions and diseases, paying particular attention to patients diagnosed with arrythmias, heart failure, and coronary artery disease. We further discuss the association of acute COVID-19 with de novo cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction due to coronary thrombosis, myocarditis, and new onset arrhythmias. We will evaluate various biochemical theories to explain these findings, including possible mechanisms of direct myocardial injury caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 virus at the cellular level. Finally, we will discuss the strategies employed by numerous groups and governing bodies within the cardiovascular disease community to address the unprecedented challenges posed to the care of our most vulnerable patients, including heart transplant recipients, end-stage heart failure patients, and patients suffering from acute coronary syndromes, during the early days and height of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cell-Specific Mechanisms in the Heart of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Emily J. Tsai, Daniela Čiháková, Nathan R. Tucker
Journal: Circulation Research (2023)

From the onset of the pandemic, evidence of cardiac involvement in acute COVID-19 abounded. Cardiac presentations ranged from arrhythmias to ischemia, myopericarditis/myocarditis, ventricular dysfunction to acute heart failure, and even cardiogenic shock. Elevated serum cardiac troponin levels were prevalent among hospitalized patients with COVID-19; the higher the magnitude of troponin elevation, the greater the COVID-19 illness severity and in-hospital death risk. Whether these consequences were due to direct SARS-CoV-2 infection of cardiac cells or secondary to inflammatory responses steered early cardiac autopsy studies. SARS-CoV-2 was reportedly detected in endothelial cells, cardiac myocytes, and within the extracellular space. However, findings were inconsistent and different methodologies had their limitations. Initial autopsy reports suggested that SARS-CoV-2 myocarditis was common, setting off studies to find and phenotype inflammatory infiltrates in the heart. Nonetheless, subsequent studies rarely detected myocarditis. Microthrombi, cardiomyocyte necrosis, and inflammatory infiltrates without cardiomyocyte damage were much more common. In vitro and ex vivo experimental platforms have assessed the cellular tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and elucidated mechanisms of viral entry into and replication within cardiac cells. Data point to pericytes as the primary target of SARS-CoV-2 in the heart. Infection of pericytes can account for the observed pericyte and endothelial cell death, innate immune response, and immunothrombosis commonly observed in COVID-19 hearts. These processes are bidirectional and synergistic, rendering a definitive order of events elusive. Single-cell/nucleus analyses of COVID-19 myocardial tissue and isolated cardiac cells have provided granular data about the cellular composition and cell type-specific transcriptomic signatures of COVID-19 and microthrombi-positive COVID-19 hearts. Still, much remains unknown and more in vivo studies are needed. This review seeks to provide an overview of the current understanding of COVID-19 cardiac pathophysiology. Cell type-specific mechanisms and the studies that provided such insights will be highlighted. Given the unprecedented pace of COVID-19 research, more mechanistic details are sure to emerge since the writing of this review. Importantly, our current knowledge offers significant clues about the cardiac pathophysiology of long COVID-19, the increased postrecovery risk of cardiac events, and thus, the future landscape of cardiovascular disease.
68Ga-FAPI PET/CT Detection of Non–FDG-Avid Poorly Differentiated Adenocarcinoma of the Trachea
Authors: Haoyuan Ding, Chunmei Guo, Juan Liang, Ya Liu, Yue Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Primary tracheal adenocarcinoma is relatively rare in clinical practice. We describe the 68 Ga-FAPI-04 and 18 F-FDG PET/CT findings of primary poorly differentiated tracheal adenocarcinoma in a 48-year-old woman. In the present case, the tumor showed increased 68 Ga-FAPI uptake but not significant 18 F-FDG activity.
Platelets and SARS-CoV-2 During COVID-19: Immunity, Thrombosis, and Beyond
Authors: Anthony Sciaudone, Heather Corkrey, Fiachra Humphries, Milka Koupenova
Journal: Circulation Research (2023)

COVID-19 is characterized by dysregulated thrombosis and coagulation that can increase mortality in patients. Platelets are fast responders to pathogen presence, alerting the surrounding immune cells and contributing to thrombosis and intravascular coagulation. The SARS-CoV-2 genome has been found in platelets from patients with COVID-19, and its coverage varies according to the method of detection, suggesting direct interaction of the virus with these cells. Antibodies against Spike and Nucleocapsid have confirmed this platelet-viral interaction. This review discusses the immune, prothrombotic, and procoagulant characteristics of platelets observed in patients with COVID-19. We outline the direct and indirect interaction of platelets with SARS-CoV-2, the contribution of the virus to programmed cell death pathway activation in platelets and the consequent extracellular vesicle release. We discuss platelet activation and immunothrombosis in patients with COVID-19, the effect of Spike on platelets, and possible activation of platelets by classical platelet activation triggers as well as contribution of platelets to complement activation. As COVID-19-mediated thrombosis and coagulation are still not well understood in vivo, we discuss available murine models and mouse adaptable strains.
Metastatic Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Endometrium
Authors: Nitin Gupta, Dinesh Kumar, Anjana Chandra, Satinder Kaur, Hema Malini Aiyer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of endometrium is very rare and aggressive carcinoma. Most patients present with metastases at the time of diagnosis and have very poor prognosis. Only very few cases are reported in literature. Here we present a case of 67-year-old woman, who on evaluation for mild pain abdomen was subsequently diagnosed to have metastatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of endometrium on PET/CT scan and biopsy.
18F-FDG PET and MRI Evaluation of Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis
Authors: Krunal R. Moradiya, Parth Y. Patel, Ishani Dalal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Autoimmune limbic encephalitis (paraneoplastic or nonparaneoplastic) is a rare condition involving autoantibodies against intracellular or cell-surface proteins of neurons. Patients typically present with acute and progressive neuropsychiatric symptoms. Although the criterion standard for diagnosis remains detection of autoantibodies in cerebrospinal fluid, there are characteristic imaging features that can aid in diagnosis, notably abnormalities in the bilateral medial temporal lobes on imaging, particularly with nuclear imaging. Here, we present 18 F-FDG PET findings of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis in a 65-year-old man.
FDG PET/CT in Primary Retroperitoneal Serous Carcinoma
Authors: Isao Otsuka, Koichi Honma
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Primary retroperitoneal tumors are rare. Of these, primary retroperitoneal serous carcinoma is extremely rare, with only 15 cases having been reported. A 62-year-old woman presented with abdominal bloating. PET/CT demonstrated 2 tumors showing increased FDG uptake lateral and medial to the right common iliac vessels, without other abnormal uptake. A laparotomy revealed no ascites or abnormalities except a myomatous uterus in the peritoneal cavity. After surgical removal of these retroperitoneal tumors, the patient received adjuvant paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy and remained well for 80 months. This case points to the significance of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in determining the nature of retroperitoneal tumors.
Renin-Angiotensin System and Sex Differences in COVID-19: A Critical Assessment
Authors: Mark C. Chappell
Journal: Circulation Research (2023)

The current epidemic of corona virus disease (COVID-19) has resulted in an immense health burden that became the third leading cause of death and potentially contributed to a decline in life expectancy in the United States. The severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 binds to the surface-bound peptidase angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2, EC 3.4.17.23) leading to tissue infection and viral replication. ACE2 is an important enzymatic component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) expressed in the lung and other organs. The peptidase regulates the levels of the peptide hormones Ang II and Ang-(1–7), which have distinct and opposing actions to one another, as well as other cardiovascular peptides. A potential consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 infection is reduced ACE2 activity by internalization of the viral-ACE2 complex and subsequent activation of the RAS (higher ratio of Ang II:Ang-[1–7]) that may exacerbate the acute inflammatory events in COVID-19 patients and possibly contribute to the effects of long COVID-19. Moreover, COVID-19 patients present with an array of autoantibodies to various components of the RAS including the peptide Ang II, the enzyme ACE2, and the AT 1 AT 2 and Mas receptors. Greater disease severity is also evident in male COVID-19 patients, which may reflect underlying sex differences in the regulation of the 2 distinct functional arms of the RAS. The current review provides a critical evaluation of the evidence for an activated RAS in COVID-19 subjects and whether this system contributes to the greater severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 infection in males as compared with females.
18F-FDG PET/CT in Extensive Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma With Response Assessment to Chemotherapy
Authors: Kavali David Jaya Prakash, Siddharth Sharma, Aftab Hasan Nazar, Manish Ora, Sanjay Gambhir
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a low-grade sarcoma of mesenchymal dendritic cell origin, and it constitutes <0.4% of soft tissue sarcomas. We report a rare case of FDCS in a 32-year-old man. 18 F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated the involvement of cervical, axillary, mediastinal, abdominal, and pelvic groups of lymph nodes and spleen. A cervical lymph node biopsy suggested FDCS. 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan done after 3 cycles of chemotherapy (CHOP regime) revealed a complete metabolic response. This case presents the rarity of extensive presentation and complete response to the CHOP regime.
Repurposing Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19 and Its Cardiovascular Manifestations
Authors: Rui-Sheng Wang, Joseph Loscalzo
Journal: Circulation Research (2023)

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 leading to the ongoing global pandemic. Infected patients developed a range of respiratory symptoms, including respiratory failure, as well as other extrapulmonary complications. Multiple comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic kidney diseases, are associated with the severity and increased mortality of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection also causes a range of cardiovascular complications, including myocarditis, myocardial injury, heart failure, arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome, and venous thromboembolism. Although a variety of methods have been developed and many clinical trials have been launched for drug repositioning for COVID-19, treatments that consider cardiovascular manifestations and cardiovascular disease comorbidities specifically are limited. In this review, we summarize recent advances in drug repositioning for COVID-19, including experimental drug repositioning, high-throughput drug screening, omics data-based, and network medicine-based computational drug repositioning, with particular attention on those drug treatments that consider cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19. We discuss prospective opportunities and potential methods for repurposing drugs to treat cardiovascular complications of COVID-19.
Pulmonary Sclerosing Pneumocytoma on 18F-FDG PET/MRI
Authors: Wenxiu Hou, Rong Tian
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma is a rare benign neoplasm. Owing to the low incidence, its radiographic features on 18 F-FDG PET/MRI are not well-known. Herein, we described findings of pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma on 18 F-FDG PET/MRI in a 52-year-old woman. It showed moderate FDG uptake and hyperintensity signal on both T1WI and T2WI images.
Safety and Efficacy of 177Lu-DOTATATE in Neuroendocrine Tumor Patients With Extensive Bone Disease
Authors: Shahad Alsadik, Gopinath Gnanasegaran, Luohai Chen, Ann-Marie Quigley, Dalvinder Mandair, Christos Toumpanakis, Martyn Caplin, Shaunak Navalkissoor
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Aim The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of 177 Lu-DOTATATE in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and extensive bone metastases, that is, more than 50% of the skeleton involved. Method A single-center retrospective analysis was performed in 30 patients (13 women and 17 men, mean age, 60 years; range, 35–77 years) undergoing 177 Lu-DOTATATE therapy. Patients had progressive metastatic NETs with extensive skeletal metastases (&gt;50% skeletal involvement seen on baseline 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT). The average administered activity was 7.308 (SD, 0.02) GBq per cycle with average treatment interval of 15 weeks. Survival analyses (progression-free survival [PFS], overall survival), radiological response assessment, toxicity assessment, and health-related quality of life (QoL) was performed. Results Overall, 26 patients completed 4 cycles, and 4 patients had less than 4 cycles of 177 Lu-DOTATATE. One patient (3%) did not complete treatment because of hematological toxicity. The estimated median PFS and median overall survival were calculated at 27 and 35 months, respectively. End-of-treatment radiological assessment showed partial response in 5 patients (17%), stable disease in 20 patients (66%), and radiological progressive disease in 3 patients (10%). Clinical progression was seen in a further 2 patients (7%). The incidence of grade 3/4 bone marrow toxicity was 10%. No patient had grade 3/4 peptide receptor radionuclide therapy–related nephrotoxicity. There was overall improvement in global QoL score (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire—Gastrointestinal NET-21) ( P = 0.019) Conclusion 177 Lu-DOTATATE seems to have satisfactory therapeutic outcome in patients with advanced metastatic NET with extensive bone disease, with reasonable PFS and significant improvement in the global health-related QoL. The bone marrow toxicity was within the accepted range. Increasing the interval between cycles does not seem to reduce efficacy and may reduce toxicity, ensuring the bone marrow has sufficient time to recover between cycles.
68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Uptake in Cutis Verticis Gyrata
Authors: Özlem Şahin, Cennet Cansel Karakaşoğlu, Çağlagül Erol, Munise Daye
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract 68 Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT scan for restaging revealed increased 68 Ga-PSMA uptake in cutis verticis gyrata (CVG) in a patient with prostate cancer. Cutis verticis gyrata is an uncommon disorder in which the scalp thickens and mimics the cerebral cortex with deep grooves and folds. Several studies have demonstrated 68 Ga-PSMA uptake in noncancerous conditions. This case illustrates another instance of a benign illness accompanied by increased 68 Ga-PSMA uptake.
Small Ceria Nanoclusters with High ROS Scavenging Activity and Favorable Pharmacokinetic Parameters for the Amelioration of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Qianqian Wu, Lu Yang, Ling Zou, Wang Yang, Qingshan Liu, Anwei Zhang, Jiang Cao, Guangyou Shi, Jian He, Xiaochao Yang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

The over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a critical role in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Organic ROS scavengers currently used for CKD treatment do not satisfy low dosage and high efficiency requirements. Ceria nanomaterials featured with renewable ROS scavenging activity are potential candidates for CKD treatment. Herein, a method for the synthesis of ceria nanoclusters (NCs) featured with small size of ≈1.2 nm is reported. The synthesized NCs are modified by three hydrophilic ligands with different molecular weights, including succinic acid (SA), polyethylene glycol diacid 600 (PEG600), and polyethylene glycol diacid 2000 (PEG2000). The surface modified NCs exhibit excellent ROS scavenging activity due to the high Ce3+ /Ce4+ ratio in their crystal structures. Compared with bigger-sized ceria nanoparticles (NPs) (≈45 nm), NCs demonstrate smoother blood concentration-time curve, lower organ accumulation, and faster metabolic rate superiorities. The administration of NCs to CKD mice, especially PEG600 and PEG2000 modified NCs, can effectively inhibit oxidative stress, inflammation, renal fibrosis, and apoptosis in their kidneys. Due to these benefits, the constructed NCs can ameliorate the progression of CKD. These findings suggest that NCs is a potential redox nanomedicine for future clinical treatment of CKD.
Estimated Annual Spending on Lecanemab and Its Ancillary Costs in the US Medicare Program
Authors: Julia Cave Arbanas, Cheryl L. Damberg, Mei Leng, Nina Harawa, Catherine A. Sarkisian, Bruce E. Landon, John N. Mafi
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

This cross-sectional cost analysis uses data from the 2018 Health and Retirement Study to estimate the potential future Medicare spending and beneficiary costs for lecanemab.
Stapling peroral endoscopic myotomy over Heller?
Authors: Xinyang Liu, Philip W. Y. Chiu
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been considered a safe and effective endoscopic therapeutic option for idiopathic achalasia. However, loosening the lower esophageal sphincter inevitably increases the risk of reflux, and the benefits of POEM may be compromised compared with laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM), which can be accompanied by simultaneous partial fundoplication. Owing to limitations in the methodological quality of most studies, and the inconsistent assessment used, the rate of reflux varies significantly among different studies [1]. In a multicenter, randomized trial of 221 patients, POEM demonstrated noninferiority to LHM plus Dor fundoplication in controlling symptoms of achalasia at 2 years, but the incidence of reflux was significantly higher [2]. At 3 months, 57 % of patients in the POEM group and 20 % of patients in the LHM group had reflux esophagitis, as assessed by endoscopy; at 24 months, the corresponding percentages were 44 % and 29 % [2].
Prediction of response to dupilumab treatment
Authors: DirkJan Hijnen, Jill Olydam
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Journal Article Prediction of response to dupilumab treatment Get access DirkJan Hijnen, DirkJan Hijnen Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, theNetherlands Correspondence: DirkJan Hijnen. Email: d.hijnen@erasmusmc.nl https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3379-3425 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jill Olydam Jill Olydam Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, theNetherlands https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7391-5266 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 188, Issue 6, June 2023, Page e41, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljad067 Published: 11 May 2023 Article history Received: 03 March 2023 Corrected and typeset: 11 May 2023 Published: 11 May 2023