tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metastasis of Experimentally Induced Skin Tumors<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>
Authors: William E. Poel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

Metastasis was a frequent phenomenon in mice maintained until their natural death, after chemical induction of a primary tumor in the interscapular skin. Eighty-four of 99 animals treated topically with 3-methylcholanthrene developed keratinizing epidermoid carcinomas at the primary site of malignancy. Among these, metastasis was most frequent in a regional lymph node. Lung metastases were also common, though less frequent. The remaining 15 developed sarcomas of the dermis and keratinizing carcinomas of the epidermis as concurrent multiple primaries. Among these, and by contrast with the preceding group, multiple sites of secondary involvement included metastases of the carcinoma, fibrosarcoma, or both, to the spleen, liver, heart, adrenal, kidney, and pancreas, as well as to the regional lymph nodes and the lungs. Metastasis was not a causal factor in reducing the lifespan of the tumor-bearing host. The lifespans of females with induced tumors and metastases were appreciably longer than those of their tumor-bearing, metastasis-free cohorts, as measured from the time carcinogenic exposures were started. 1) Metastases were not found in mice whose primary tumors had base dimensions of 196 mm2 or less. 2) Among animals with larger tumors, metastasis was not related to the dimensions of the primary neoplasm. The malignant potential of a fibrosarcoma to invade and destroy contiguous areas was manifested in mice with induced skin sarcomas and carcinomas by the destruction of the epidermal carcinoma in areas of “collision” between the two. Parasitic destruction of the carcinoma by intrusion and overgrowth of the sarcoma is described and illustrated. The findings highlight the value and feasibility of the use of autochthonous tumors in their native hosts, as laboratory tools for elucidation of mechanisms and factors regulating the metastatic spread of malignancies, and for evaluation of the validity, in the natural state, of hypotheses developed with experimental models of metastasis using transplantable tumors.
An Anatomical Analysis of Sports
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Krebiozen Story
Authors: James F. Holland
Journal: JAMA (1967)

My definition of cancer quackery is the<i>deliberate</i>misapplication of a diagnostic or treatment procedure in a patient with cancer. Those who misapply diagnostic or treatment methods<i>unknowingly</i>may be honestly mistaken, inept, or fools. But the culprit who victimizes his fellowman suffering from cancer, impeding the patient's access to available therapies or constructive investigation, all the while greedily enriching himself, is a quack, a criminal, a jackal among men who deserves the scorn and ostracism of society. Because human life is at stake, he must be controlled. The Commissioner of the US Food and Drug Administration has described krebiozen as a "cruel hoax." He has stated, "Each day a person with treatable cancer relies upon krebiozen is a day that brings him closer to death." This unambiguous stand leads us to review the background of the krebiozen tragedy, to determine how krebiozen reached its pinnacle of notoriety and why
Ineffectiveness of Hepatitis B Vaccination for the Hepatitis B Carrier State
Authors: Frank L. Iber
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent editorial (1982;247:2275), I stated that the new hepatitis B vaccine (Hepatavax-B) was associated with clearance of the hepatitis B carrier status, and this information is<i>wrong</i>. Many physicians are concerned for their patients or themselves, and several who are conducting investigations of Hepatavax-B have telephoned. From these communications, it is clear that many patients with hepatitis B carrier status have been vaccinated, and the vaccination almost always fails to provide antibodies. A recent publication describes one of these studies.<sup>1</sup>I hope that this information prevents many persons from receiving the vaccine unnecessarily.
Gonococcal Infection in the Male.
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Differentiation of human keratinocytes is associated with a progressive loss of interferon γ-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression
Authors: M.C. LITTLE, D.J. GAWKRODGER, S. MAC NEIL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) expression is a necessary requirement for leucocyte/keratinocyte interactions, and keratinocyte upregulation of ICAM‐1 is seen in several inflammatory dermatoses. While keratinocytes have a very low constitutive expression of ICAM‐1, they can be induced to upregulate ICAM‐1 in response to several inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon‐γ (IFNγ). There is some evidence to suggest that the state of keratinocyte differentiation may influence the level of ICAM‐1 expression induced by IFNγ. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that keratinocytes, as they differentiate, may lose their ability to increase their expression of ICAM‐1 in response to IFNγ. Keratinocytes from 13 donors were cultured under conditions which either permitted (Green's medium) or inhibited (MCDB153) differentiation. The ICAM‐1 expression in response to IFNγ was assessed by a sensitive, cell‐based. ELISA, and related to the state of differentiation of the cells (as assessed by a quantitative assay for involucrin). While keratinocytes grown in MCDB153 remained responsive to IFNγ throughout 4 days of culture, the response of keratinocytes grown in Green's medium progressively decreased, so that, by day 3, only a high concentration of IFNγ (500U/ml) led to a significant increase in ICAM‐1 expression. After 4 days in culture, no upregulation of ICAM‐1 was seen. The deterioration in the response of Green's‐cultured keratinocytes to IFNγ mirrored an increase in their expression of involucrin in parallel cultures. Overall, our data demonstrate a progressive loss in the ability of keratinocytes to upregulate ICAM‐1 in response to IFNγ, which is associated with differentiation of these cells. This would support the view that only basal proliferative keratinocytes are responsive to inflammatory cytokines, and play a part in the initiation and amplification of inflammatory reactions in vivo.
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

ERG Inhibitory Peptides for Prostate CancerIn prostate cancer, the ERG transcription factor gene is recurrently rearranged and plays a critical role in oncogenesis.Thus, targeting ERG activity may have utility.Using phage display technology, Wang and colleagues identified inhibitory peptides that interacted with the DNA binding region of the ERG transcription factor.The authors show that cell permeable, nuclear-localizing ERG inhibitory peptides bind to ERG with high affinity and specificity and blocked binding to chromatin and target gene transcription, ultimately leading to proteolytic degradation of ERG.Importantly, treatment of mice harboring xenografted prostate tumors with ERG inhibitory peptides led to decreased tumor growth, including some complete regressions, and prolonged survival.This study highlights the potential of peptidomimetic-mediated targeting of oncogenic transcription factors in prostate and potentially other cancers.(Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.)
ACUTE POSTOPERATIVE DILATATION OF THE STOMACH
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lymphadenopathy Mimicking Lymphoma Associated with Cryoglobulinaemia and Arteritis
Authors: David N Slater, Stanley S Bleehen, Barry W Hancock, Andrew G Messenger, Leonard Harvey
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1982)

Two patients are described with polyclonal IgG cryoglobulinaemia and necrotizing arteritis who developed severe lymphadenopathy which clinically mimicked malignant lymphoma. Histological studies demonstrated that the lymphadenopathy resulted from a pseudolymphomatous reaction associated with vascular damage.
Chlorazepate in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Robert G. Feldman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Clorazepate dipotassium (Tranxene) is a new benzodiazepine derivative that is generally available for use in the symptomatic relief of anxiety.<sup>1</sup>Preliminary studies<sup>2</sup>have indicated a possible role for clorazepate in the treatment of certain patients with epilepsy. In further studies of this compound in epileptic patients, we have observed a serious but reversible side effect which deserves comment. Of 17 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy who received clorazepate dipotassium in doses of more than 22.5 mg/day, eight exhibited personality changes characterized by depression, irritability, and aggressive behavior. Four of the eight became very hostile and "difficult to live with," with overt, violent outbursts. None had ever had a history of aberrant behavior. It is of interest that six of these eight patients were receiving, in addition to clorazepate, primidone alone (one case), primidone in combination with phenytoin (three cases), and primidone in combination with phenobarbital
Adverse Reactions to Antiarrhythmic Drugs
Authors: P. U. Carbonin
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Nygaard et al<sup>1</sup>contributes to the knowledge of limits and usefulness of antiarrhythmic drugs. However, we think that further insight into the problem might be derived from a more careful analysis of some cardinal points: Adverse effects and age: Age does not influence the incidence of major side effects when patients are grouped according to the cutoff point of 65 years. Such a conclusion is in agreement with several reports<sup>2,3</sup>regarding other kinds of drugs used in patients 65 to 75 years old. However, a larger incidence of major side effects in patients older than 70 to 75 years cannot be excluded in the absence of a comparison among at least three classes of patients (eg, those aged ≤ 40 years, 41 to 70 years, and &gt; 70 years). This is especially important as regards neurological side effects, whose occurrence is
National Board of Medical Examiners
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The National Board of Medical Examiners, founded in 1915, includes in its membership representatives from the Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States, Council on Medical Education of the American Medical Association, Association of the American Medical Colleges, American Hospital Association, Armed Services, and Veterans Administration. Members at large are elected from among leaders in medicine throughout the United States. The purpose of the Board is to prepare and administer qualifying examinations of such high quality that legal agencies governing the practice of medicine within each state may, at their discretion, grant successful candidates a license without further examination, to consult and cooperate with the examining boards of the states, to consult and cooperate with medical schools and other organizations or institutions concerned with maintaining the advancing quality of medical education, to assist medical specialty boards and societies in establishing measurements of clinical knowledge and competence for purposes
POLYUNSATURATED FAT AND CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Authors: A.H. Kitchin, R.W.D. Turner, Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe, W.C.S. Smith, I.K. Crombie, M. Thomson, Dominique Tater, Françoise Le Gall, JeanPierre Bercovici
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

In contrast with exon 19 deletions in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, insertions in exon 19 are uncommon, and their association with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma is uncertain. He and colleagues report on a multifaceted analysis of this mutation, including clinical characteristics in the largest set of patients assembled to date, modeling of mutant protein structure, assessment of in vitro sensitivity, and review of EGFR TKI clinical response data. They show that exon 19 insertions lend TKI sensitivity, a finding that supports the clinical importance of identifying these insertions in exon 19 in addition to the more common deletions.To explore aberrations related to progression in myxofibrosarcoma, Li and colleagues identified an amplified SKP2 gene on 5p by array comparative genomic hybridization. In myxofibrosarcoma tissues, SKP2 mRNA was upregulated, and gene amplification was detected in 38% of independent cases, which was associated with SKP2 expression and worse patient survival. Besides promoting cell proliferation, SKP2 was confirmed to confer prometastatic propensity, probably via upregulated expression of motility-promoting genes, including ITGB2, ACTN1, IGF1, and ENAH. Bortezomib treatment showed an SKP2-suppressing effect and induced apoptosis at a low dose in myxofibrosarcoma cell lines and xenografts, highlighting the clinical and therapeutic relevance of SKP2 in myxofibrosarcoma.Interleukin (IL)-2 is a proinflammatory cytokine with potent antitumor activity. However, systemic delivery of IL-12 is associated with severe toxicities that preclude its clinical use. Chinnasamy and colleagues explored a novel way of delivering IL-12 into solid tumors by adoptive transfer of T cells modified to coexpress an inducible Il12 gene and a chimeric antigen receptor targeting the VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2 protein on the vasculature of solid tumors. The anti-VEGFR2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and inducible IL-12–engineered T cells induced regression of a variety of established tumor types in mice without causing toxicity. This study provides a rationale for using engineered T cells to target tumor vasculature and to enhance the therapeutic index of IL-12 for the treatment of cancer.CEN-209 is a bioreductive prodrug designed to target tumor hypoxia. Metabolic activation of CEN-209 depends on unidentified reductases in hypoxic cells. Wang and colleagues investigated whether the 2-nitroimidazole, EF5, a hypoxia probe in clinical development, might act as a dual reporter for hypoxia and CEN-209 reductases. CEN-209 metabolism and covalent binding of EF5 were shown to be highly correlated in human tumor cell lines, and EF5 binding was predictive for CEN-209 sensitivity in individual human tumor xenografts. The results of this study support the use of positron emission tomographic imaging with [18F]-EF5 as a companion diagnostic (stratification biomarker) for clinical development of CEN-209.
Cardiac Troponins in Patients with Chest Pain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

WIM, Jun1I9-o 6,N.6Eioe-nenlMdcn 2 patients are best treated with parenteral cobalamin, although large oral doses (1000 jg daily) can be used if necessary.A failure to split cobalamin from its binders in food (food-cobalamin malabsorption), a disorder due to various types of gastric dysfunction including atroph- ic gastritis and most forms of gastric surgery, is more common than pernicious anemia and has been identified in 30-40% of patients with low cobalamin levels.Such patients can probably be treated with small oral doses of cobalamin (1-10 jig daily), as can patients with nonmal- absorptive causes of deficiency.Treatment of patients with mild cobalamin deficiency may take on added importance as folate supplementation becomes more widespread in the United States.
Predicting survival in fulminant hepatic failure using serum Gc protein concentrations*1
Authors: W LEE
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Plasma Gc protein sequesters actin released into the circulation after massive hepatocyte necrosis, but is greatly depleted in the process. In fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), Gc is present in serum both as a complex with actin and as unbound protein, the latter becoming completely exhausted in those patients with the most severe FHF. In the present study, 47 consecutive patients with FHF, 39 of whom were the result of acetaminophen (AC) overdose, were evaluated to determine whether measurement of Gc protein levels could be used to predict survival. Using serum samples obtained shortly after admission as well as later samples, levels for total Gc protein, percentage of Gc complexed with actin, and calculated unbound Gc remaining in serum were compared for survivors and those who died of their illness. The most marked changes were present in unbound Gc levels in nonsurvivors, the mean of which for follow-up samples was 10% of normal mean values, as compared with 23% of normal mean values in those who survived (P < .01). Using a cutoff value for unbound Gc protein of ≥34 μg/mL to predict survival, outcome was correctly predicted in 32 of 47 (68%) patients using early samples, and in 24 of 27 (89%) patients using later sera. No differences were observed between values and/or outcome in AC and non-AC cases. Measurement of Gc protein level correctly predicted all patients dying of hepatic failure. This single measurement compares favorably with multifactorial predictive models, such as the King's College model, and might be a useful test for patients being considered for transplantation.
Experiences with Integrated Operative and Radiation Therapy
Authors: Benjamin F. Rush
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Advanced cancers of the hypopharynx and larynx respond poorly to treatment by either irradiation or operation, especially when they are associated with metastases to the cervical nodes. Survival figures at five years for lesions of the larynx with spread to cervical nodes range from 4% to 26%.<sup>11,12</sup>Whether they were treated by operation or irradiation, survival rate for similar lesions of the hypopharynx is reported as 10% to 20%.<sup>13</sup> Challenged by a group of patients with a high incidence of advanced lesions, in 1962 we embarked on a technique of integrating "curative" levels of radiation therapy followed by en bloc resection of the larynx or hypopharynx and adjacent lymph nodes in four to six weeks. The rationale for this approach follows: (1) It was hoped that the application of a high level of radiation therapy in the so-called curative range would afford maximum tumor regression, and allow either
THE QUARTERLY CUMULATIVE INDEX MEDICUS
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Simultaneously with the opening of the Annual Session of the American Medical Association in Washington appeared the first number of the new<i>Quarterly Cumulative Index Medicus</i>, a combination of the<i>Index Medicus</i>published by the Army Medical Library with the aid of a grant from the Carnegie Institution, and the<i>Quarterly Cumulative Index to Current Medical Literature</i>published by the American Medical Association since 1916. The combination has been welcomed by librarians, by editors, by research workers—indeed, by all interested in medical progress, as a great achievement in the field of medical bibliography. There are published in the world today somewhere between 1,800 and 2,000 medical periodicals. In these appear the fruits of medical investigation in the laboratory, of bedside observations in the hospital and in the clinic, of theories and philosophy developed in the office and in the library. Original articles alone comprise approximately 50,000 titles annually. Many of
Compendium of Regional Diagnosis in Affections of the Brain and Spinal Cord.
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal