tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Using a Clinically Interpretable End Point Composed of Multiple Outcomes to Evaluate Totality of Treatment Effect in Comparative Oncology Studies
Authors: Xiaofei Wang, Zachary R. McCaw, Lu Tian, Thomas E. Stinchcombe, Everett Vokes, Ethan B. Ludmir, Lee-Jen Wei
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

This cohort study demonstrates how to use cumulative event count curves to create a clinically meaningful end point by simultaneously considering recurrence, progression, and survival times from the individual patient.
Most Women With Early Invasive Breast Cancer Survive
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prevalence of Lung Cancer Screening Among Eligible Adults in 4 US States in 2021
Authors: Kristin G. Maki, Naomi Q. P. Tan, Iakovos Toumazis, Robert J. Volk
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

This cross-sectional study estimates the prevalence of lung cancer screening among eligible adults in 2021 and examines factors associated with screening.
Locoregional Recurrence Patterns in Patients With Different Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer
Authors: Jong-Ho Cheun, Hong-Kyu Kim, Hyeong-Gon Moon, Wonshik Han, Han-Byoel Lee
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Importance While numerous studies have consistently reported that the molecular subtypes of breast cancer (BC) are associated with different patterns of distant metastasis, few studies have investigated the association of tumor subtypes with locoregional recurrence. Objective To investigate the patterns of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR), regional recurrence (RR), and contralateral BC (CBC) according to tumor subtypes. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study used the clinical records of patients who underwent BC surgery at a single institution in South Korea between January 2000 and December 2018. Data were analyzed from May 1, 2019, to February 20, 2023. Exposures Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence, RR, and CBC events. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was differences in annual incidence patterns of IBTR, RR, and CBC according to tumor subtypes. Hormone receptor (HR) status was assessed by immunohistochemical staining assay, and ERBB2 status was evaluated according to American Society of Clinical Oncology and College of American Pathologists guidelines. Results A total of 16 462 female patients were included in the analysis (median age at time of operation, 49.0 years [IQR, 43.0-57.0 years]). The 10-year IBTR-, RR-, and CBC-free survival rates were 95.9%, 96.1%, and 96.5%, respectively. On univariate analysis, HR−/ ERBB2 + tumors had the worst IBTR-free survival (vs HR+/ ERBB2 − subtype: adjusted hazard ratio, 2.95; 95% CI, 2.15-4.06), while the HR−/ ERBB2 – subtype had the worst RR- and CBC-free survival among all subtypes (vs HR+/ ERBB2 − subtype, RR: adjusted hazard ratio, 2.95; 95% CI, 2.37-3.67; CBC: adjusted hazard ratio, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.64-2.75). Subtype remained significantly associated with recurrence events in Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Regarding the annual recurrence pattern, the IBTR patterns of HR−/ ERBB2 + and HR−/ ERBB2 − subtypes showed double peaks, while HR+/ ERBB2 − tumors showed a steadily increasing pattern without distinguishable peaks. Additionally, the HR+/ ERBB2 − subtype seemed to have a steady RR pattern, but other subtypes showed the highest RR incidence at 1 year following surgery, which then gradually decreased. The annual recurrence incidence of CBC gradually increased among all subtypes, and patients with the HR−/ ERBB2 − subtype had a higher incidence than patients with other subtypes over 10 years. Younger patients (age ≤40 years) had greater differences in IBTR, RR, and CBC patterns between subtypes than did older patients. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, locoregional recurrence occurred with different patterns according to BC subtypes, with younger patients having greater differences in patterns among subtypes than older patients. The findings suggest that tailoring surveillance should be recommended regarding differences in locoregional recurrence patterns according to tumor subtypes, particularly for younger patients.
Association of Primary Care Physicians’ Ambulatory Full-time Equivalencies With Time in the Electronic Health Record
Authors: Mark A. Micek, Adam Rule, Jeffrey J. Baltus, Brian Arndt
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

This cross-sectional study examines whether primary care physicians (PCPs) in the clinic part-time have reduced electronic health record (EHR) time commensurate with their clinical hours.
Errors in Abstract, Results, Table 1, and Supplement 1
Authors: Anna Ascott, Elian Karim, Ruth Lawless, Arjida Woollons
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2023)

Amy S. Paller, MD; Carsten Flohr, MD, PhD; Michael Cork, MD; Anthony Bewley, MD; Andrew Blauvelt, MD, MBA; H. Chih-ho Hong, MD; Shinichi Imafuku, MD; Marie L. A. Schuttelaar, MD; Eric L. Simpson, MD; Weily Soong, MD; Petra Arlert, PhD; Katja Wendicke Lophaven, MSc, Pharm; Azra Kurbasic, PhD; Lise Soldbro, MD; Natacha Strange Vest, MSc, Pharm; Andreas Wollenberg, MD
Risk of venous thromboembolism or hemorrhage among individuals with chronic kidney disease on prophylactic anticoagulant after hip or knee arthroplasty
Authors: Tzu‐Fei Wang, Nicholas Grubic, Marc Carrier, Mark Canney, Aurélien Delluc, Gregory L. Hundemer, Gregory Knoll, Alejandro Lazo‐Langner, David Massicotte‐Azarniouch, Peter Tanuseputro, Manish M. Sood
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2023)

Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) confers a high risk of thrombosis and bleeding. However, little evidence exists regarding the optimal choice of postoperative thromboprophylaxis in these patients. We conducted a population‐based, retrospective cohort study among adults ≥66 years old with CKD undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty who had filled an outpatient prophylactic anticoagulant prescription between 2010 and 2020 in Ontario, Canada. The primary outcomes of venous thrombosis (VTE) and hemorrhage were identified by validated algorithms using relevant diagnoses and billing codes. Overlap‐weighted cause‐specific Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) on the 90‐day risk of VTE and hemorrhage compared with low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH). A total of 27 645 patients were prescribed DOAC ( N = 22 943) or LMWH ( N = 4702) after arthroplasty. Rivaroxaban was the predominant DOAC (94.5%), while LMWH mainly included enoxaparin (67%) and dalteparin (31.5%). DOAC users had higher eGFRs, fewer co‐morbidities, and surgery in more recent years compared to LMWH users. After weighing, DOAC (compared with LMWH) was associated with a lower risk of VTE (DOAC: 1.5% vs. LMWH: 2.1%, weighted hazard ratio [HR] 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–0.94) and a higher risk of hemorrhage (DOAC: 1.3% vs. LMWH: 1.0%, weighted HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.04–1.99). Additional analyses including a more stringent VTE defining algorithm, different eGFR cut‐offs, and limiting to rivaroxaban and enoxaparin showed consistent findings. Among elderly adults with CKD, DOAC was associated with a lower VTE risk and a higher hemorrhage risk compared to LMWH following hip or knee arthroplasty.
Effectiveness of a Lifestyle Intervention for People With a Severe Mental Illness in Dutch Outpatient Mental Health Care
Authors: Florine Sanna Walburg, Berno van Meijel, Trynke Hoekstra, Jelle Kol, Laura Michelle Pape, Johanna Willemina de Joode, Maurits van Tulder, Marcel Adriaanse
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2023)

People with a severe mental illness (SMI) have a life expectancy reduced by 10 to 20 years compared with the general population, primarily attributable to cardiometabolic disorders. Lifestyle interventions for people with SMI can improve health and reduce cardiometabolic risk.To evaluate the effectiveness of a group-based lifestyle intervention among people with SMI in outpatient treatment settings compared with treatment as usual (TAU).The Severe Mental Illness Lifestyle Evaluation (SMILE) study is a pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial performed in 8 mental health care centers with 21 flexible assertive community treatment teams in the Netherlands. Inclusion criteria were SMI, age of 18 years or older, and body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 27 or greater. Data were collected from January 2018 to February 2020, and data were analyzed from September 2020 to February 2023.Weekly 2-hour group sessions for 6 months followed by monthly 2-hour group sessions for another 6 months, delivered by trained mental health care workers. The intervention targeted overall lifestyle changes, emphasizing establishing a healthy diet and promoting physical activity. TAU (control) did not include structured interventions or advice on lifestyle.Crude and adjusted linear mixed models and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. The main outcome was body weight change. Secondary outcomes included changes in body mass index, blood pressure, lipid profiles, fasting glucose level, quality of life, self-management ability, and lifestyle behaviors (physical activity and health, mental health, nutrition, and sleep).The study population included 11 lifestyle intervention teams (126 participants) and 10 TAU teams (98 participants). Of 224 included patients, 137 (61.2%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 47.6 (11.1) years. From baseline to 12 months, participants in the lifestyle intervention group lost 3.3 kg (95% CI, -6.2 to -0.4) more than those in the control group. In the lifestyle intervention group, people with high attendance rates lost more weight than participants with medium and low rates (mean [SD] weight loss: high, -4.9 [8.1] kg; medium, -0.2 [7.8] kg; low, 0.8 [8.3] kg). Only small or no changes were found for secondary outcomes.In this trial, the lifestyle intervention significantly reduced weight from baseline to 12 months in overweight and obese adults with SMI. Tailoring lifestyle interventions and increasing attendance rates might be beneficial for people with SMI.Netherlands Trial Register Identifier: NTR6837.
Prehospital Tranexamic Acid Does Not Improve Disability Outcomes
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CNETML: maximum likelihood inference of phylogeny from copy number profiles of multiple samples
Authors: Bingxin Lu, Kit Curtius, Trevor A Graham, Ziheng Yang, Chris P Barnes
Journal: Genome biology (2023)

Phylogenetic trees based on copy number profiles from multiple samples of a patient are helpful to understand cancer evolution. Here, we develop a new maximum likelihood method, CNETML, to infer phylogenies from such data. CNETML is the first program to jointly infer the tree topology, node ages, and mutation rates from total copy numbers of longitudinal samples. Our extensive simulations suggest CNETML performs well on copy numbers relative to ploidy and under slight violation of model assumptions. The application of CNETML to real data generates results consistent with previous discoveries and provides novel early copy number events for further investigation.
Comments on Study About Bariatric Surgery and Gastroesophageal Cancer
Authors: Yi-Xin Liu, Yu-Shang Yang
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
CMS Will Test New Value-Based Primary Care Model
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sea Cucumber‐Inspired Aerogel for Ultrafast Hemostasis of Open Fracture
Authors: Xinyu Yu, Fei Han, Xian Feng, Xin Wang, Yang Zhu, Cong Ye, Minrui Ji, Zhichao Chen, Ran Tao, Zhenyu Zhou, Fuyin Wan
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

The symptomatic management of hemorrhagic shock complicated by open fractures is a great challenge, because it is also complicated by complex wound bleeding, bacterial infection, and bone defects. Inspired by the water absorption and cross-sectional microstructure of sea cucumbers, in this study, a new sea cucumber-like aerogel (GCG) is proposed. Its aligned porous structure and composition can stop bleeding rapidly and effectively with a blood clotting index of 3.73 ± 1.8%. More importantly, the data of in vivo hemostasis test in an amputating rat tail hemostatic model (15.69 ± 2.45 s, 26.95 ± 8.43 mg) and liver puncture bleeding model (23.77 ± 2.68 s, 36.22 ± 16.92 mg) also indicate the excellent hemostatic performance of GCG. In addition, GCG also shows a significant inhibitory effect on S. aureus and E. coli, which can prevent the occurrence of postoperative osteomyelitis. Not only that, after filling in the bone defect, it is shown that this GCG aerogel completely degrades eight weeks after surgery and induces new bone ingrowth, achieving functional regeneration after hemostasis of an open fracture defect. Generally, because of its combination of hemostatic, antibacterial, and osteogenic activities, this new aerogel is a promising option for open fractures treatment.
Error in Author Affiliation
Authors: Mads Nordentoft
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Tianwei Xu, PhD; Reiner Rugulies, PhD; Jussi Vahtera, PhD; Sari Stenholm, PhD; Jaana Pentti, MSc; Linda L. Magnusson Hanson, PhD; Göran Kecklund, PhD; Jimmi Mathisen, MSc; Mads Nordentoft, PhD; Mika Kivimäki, PhD; Naja Hulvej Rod, PhD
Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia on Alcohol Treatment Outcomes Among US Veterans
Authors: Mary Beth Miller, Ryan W. Carpenter, Lindsey K. Freeman, Shira Dunsiger, John E. McGeary, Brian Borsari, Christina S. McCrae, J. Todd Arnedt, Paul Korte, Jennifer E. Merrill, Kate B. Carey, Jane Metrik
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2023)

Three of 4 adults in treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD) report symptoms of insomnia. Yet the first-line treatment for insomnia (cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, CBT-I) is often delayed until abstinence is established. To test the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of CBT-I among veterans early in their AUD treatment and to examine improvement in insomnia as a mechanism for improvement in alcohol use outcomes. For this randomized clinical trial, participants were recruited through the Addictions Treatment Program at a Veterans Health Administration hospital between 2019 and 2022. Patients in treatment for AUD were eligible if they met criteria for insomnia disorder and reported alcohol use in the past 2 months at baseline. Follow-up visits occurred posttreatment and at 6 weeks. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 5 weekly sessions of CBT-I or a single session about sleep hygiene (control). Participants were asked to complete sleep diaries for 7 days at each assessment. Primary outcomes included posttreatment insomnia severity (assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index) and follow-up frequency of any drinking and heavy drinking (4 drinks for women, ≥5 drinks for men; number of days via Timeline Followback) and alcohol-related problems (Short Inventory of Problems). Posttreatment insomnia severity was tested as a mediator of CBT-I effects on alcohol use outcomes at the 6-week follow-up. The study cohort included 67 veterans with a mean (SD) age of 46.3 years (11.8); 61 (91%) were male and 6 (9%) female. The CBT-I group included 32 participants, and the sleep hygiene control group 35 participants. Of those randomized, 59 (88%) provided posttreatment or follow-up data (31 CBT-I, 28 sleep hygiene). Relative to sleep hygiene, CBT-I participants reported greater decreases in insomnia severity at posttreatment (group × time interaction: -3.70; 95% CI, -6.79 to -0.61) and follow-up (-3.34; 95% CI, -6.46 to -0.23) and greater improvements in sleep efficiency (posttreatment, 8.31; 95% CI, 1.35 to 15.26; follow-up, 18.03; 95% CI, 10.46 to 25.60). They also reported greater decreases in alcohol problems at follow-up (group × time interaction: -0.84; 95% CI, -1.66 to -0.02), and this effect was mediated by posttreatment change in insomnia severity. No group differences emerged for abstinence or heavy-drinking frequency. In this randomized clinical trial, CBT-I outperformed sleep hygiene in reducing insomnia symptoms and alcohol-related problems over time but had no effect on frequency of heavy drinking. CBT-I should be considered a first-line treatment for insomnia, regardless of abstinence. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03806491.
Transfascial Fixation vs No Fixation for Open Retromuscular Ventral Hernia Repairs
Authors: Ryan C. Ellis, Clayton C. Petro, David M. Krpata, Lucas R. A. Beffa, Benjamin T. Miller, Katie C. Montelione, Sara M. Maskal, Chao Tu, Li-Ching Huang, Braden Lau, Aldo Fafaj, Steven Rosenblatt, Michael J. Rosen, Ajita S. Prabhu
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Transfascial (TF) mesh fixation in open retromuscular ventral hernia repair (RVHR) has been advocated to reduce hernia recurrence. However, TF sutures may cause increased pain, and, to date, the purported advantages have never been objectively measured.