tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Iron, folic acid, and multiple micronutrient supplementation strategies during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes in Botswana
Authors: Ellen C Caniglia, Rebecca Zash, Sonja A Swanson, Emily Smith, Christopher Sudfeld, Julia L Finkelstein, Modiegi Diseko, Gloria Mayondi, Mompati Mmalane, Joseph Makhema, Wafaie Fawzi, Shahin Lockman, Roger L Shapiro
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2022)

Antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS) with iron, folic acid, and other micronutrients might improve birth outcomes, but it is not currently universally recommended by WHO.In this observational cohort study, we surveyed pregnancies for adverse birth outcomes at eight hospitals from July, 2014, to July, 2018, and 18 hospitals from August, 2018, to December, 2020, in Botswana to assess four routine supplementation strategies in women presenting before 24 weeks' gestation: folic acid only, iron only, iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS), and MMS. Women with singleton pregnancies; a known HIV status, age, and delivery site; haemoglobin measured within 7 days of presenting to antenatal care; and weight measured within 31 days of presenting to care were included in our analysis. Data were abstracted from the maternity obstetric record (a record of antenatal care) at the time of birth from all women giving birth at selected hospitals throughout the country. We estimated risk differences overall and in key subgroups, adjusting for demographic and clinical factors.Between July 6, 2014, and Dec 8, 2020, 96 341 eligible women (21 659 [22·5%] of whom had HIV) were included in the study. 36 334 (37·7%) women initiated iron only supplementation, 1133 (11·8%) initiated folic acid only supplementation, 23 101 (24·0%) initiated IFAS, and 31 588 (32·8%) women initiated MMS. Women who initiated iron only and folic acid only supplementation had higher risks of stillbirth, preterm birth, very preterm birth, low and very low birthweight, and neonatal death compared with women who received IFAS (adjusted risk differences for iron only supplementation vs IFAS ranged from 0·22% [95% CI 0·04 to 0·40] for neonatal death to 2·39% [1·78 to 3·00] for preterm birth; and adjusted risk differences for folic acid only supplementation vs IFAS ranged from 0·77% [-0·80 to 2·34] for neonatal death to 5·75% [1·38 to 10·13] for preterm birth), with greater difference in women with HIV and those aged 35 years and older. Compared with IFAS, women who initiated MMS had lower risks of preterm and very preterm births, and low and very low birthweight (adjusted risk differences ranged from -0·50% [-0·77 to 0·23] for very preterm birth to -1·06% [-1·69 to -0·42] for preterm birth).Nationwide data from Botswana support improved birth outcomes with MMS compared with IFAS.National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
The “Power of Zero” in Younger Patients—A Glass Half Empty or a Glass Half Full?
Authors: Pedro M. Lopes, Pedro Freitas, António M. Ferreira
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
City planning policies to support health and sustainability: an international comparison of policy indicators for 25 cities
Authors: Melanie Lowe, Deepti Adlakha, James F Sallis, Deborah Salvo, Ester Cerin, Anne Vernez Moudon, Carl Higgs, Erica Hinckson, Jonathan Arundel, Geoff Boeing, Shiqin Liu, Perla Mansour, Klaus Gebel, Anna Puig-Ribera, Pinki Bhasin Mishra, Tamara Bozovic, Jacob Carson, Jan Dygrýn, Alex A Florindo, Thanh Phuong Ho, Hannah Hook, Ruth F Hunter, Poh-Chin Lai, Javier Molina-García, Kornsupha Nitvimol, Adewale L Oyeyemi, Carolina D G Ramos, Eugen Resendiz, Jens Troelsen, Frank Witlox, Billie Giles-Corti
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2022)

City planning policies influence urban lifestyles, health, and sustainability. We assessed policy frameworks for city planning for 25 cities across 19 lower-middle-income countries, upper-middle-income countries, and high-income countries to identify whether these policies supported the creation of healthy and sustainable cities. We systematically collected policy data for evidence-informed indicators related to integrated city planning, air pollution, destination accessibility, distribution of employment, demand management, design, density, distance to public transport, and transport infrastructure investment. Content analysis identified strengths, limitations, and gaps in policies, allowing us to draw comparisons between cities. We found that despite common policy rhetoric endorsing healthy and sustainable cities, there was a paucity of measurable policy targets in place to achieve these aspirations. Some policies were inconsistent with public health evidence, which sets up barriers to achieving healthy and sustainable urban environments. There is an urgent need to build capacity for health-enhancing city planning policy and governance, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries.
Outcomes of Acitretin Treatment for Refractory Multikinase Inhibitor–Induced Hand-Foot Skin Reaction
Authors: Jordan T. Said, Sean Singer, Lisa Iannattone, Maxwell Sauder, Nicole R. LeBoeuf
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Combined 18F-FDG PET/CT Radiomics and Sarcopenia Score in Predicting Relapse-Free Survival and Overall Survival in Patients With Esophagogastric Cancer
Authors: Reut Anconina, Claudia Ortega, Ur Metser, Zhihui Amy Liu, Elena Elimova, Michael Allen, Gail E. Darling, Rebecca Wong, Kirsty Taylor, Jonathan Yeung, Eric X. Chen, Carol J. Swallow, Raymond W. Jang, Patrick Veit-Haibach
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine if radiomic features combined with sarcopenia measurements on pretreatment 18 F-FDG PET/CT can improve outcome prediction in surgically treated adenocarcinoma esophagogastric cancer patients. Patients and Methods One hundred forty-five esophageal adenocarcinoma patients with curative therapeutic intent and available pretreatment 18 F-FDG PET/CT were included. Textural features from PET and CT images were evaluated using LIFEx software (lifexsoft.org). Sarcopenia measurements were done by measuring the Skeletal Muscle Index at L3 level on the CT component. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to create a model including the radiomic parameters, clinical features, and Skeletal Muscle Index score to predict patients’ outcome. Results In multivariable analysis, we combined clinicopathological parameters including ECOG, surgical T, and N staging along with imaging derived sarcopenia measurements and radiomic features to build a predictor model for relapse-free survival and overall survival. Overall, adding sarcopenic status to the model with clinical features only (likelihood ratio test P = 0.03) and CT feature ( P = 0.0037) improved the model fit for overall survival. Similarly, adding sarcopenic status ( P = 0.051), CT feature ( P = 0.042), and PET feature ( P = 0.011) improved the model fit for relapse-free survival. Conclusions PET and CT radiomics derived from combined PET/CT integrated with clinicopathological parameters and sarcopenia measurement might improve outcome prediction in patients with nonmetastatic esophagogastric adenocarcinoma.
A 2022 update on the epidemiology of obesity and a call to action: as its twin COVID-19 pandemic appears to be receding, the obesity and dysmetabolism pandemic continues to rage on
Authors: Chrysoula Boutari, Christos S. Mantzoros
Journal: Metabolism (2022)

The WHO just released in May 2022 a report on the state of the obesity pandemic in Europe, stating that 60% of citizens in the area of Europe are either overweight or obese, and highlighting the implications of the obesity pandemic, especially as it interacts with the COVID pandemic to create a twin pandemic, to increase morbidity and mortality. Obesity is a complex disease which has reached pandemic dimensions. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled since 1975, mainly due to the adoption of a progressively more sedentary lifestyle and the consumption of less healthy diets. We first report herein updated prevalence rates of overweight and obesity by sex, age, and region first in Europe, per the WHO report, and then worldwide between 1980 and 2019, as we analyze and present herein the data provided by the Global Burden of Disease Study. The prevalence of obesity is higher in women than in men of any age and the prevalence of both overweight and obesity increases with age and has reached their highest point between the ages of 50 to 65 years showing a slight downward trend afterwards. The age-standardized prevalence of obesity has increased from 4.6% in 1980 to 14.0% in 2019. The American and European region have the highest obesity prevalence and the USA and Russia are the countries with the most obese residents. Given dire implications in terms of comorbidities and mortality, these updated epidemiological findings call for coordinated actions from local and regional governments, the scientific community and individual patients alike, as well as the food industry for the obesity pandemic to be controlled and alleviated. We can hopefully learn from the COVID-19 pandemic, where collaborative efforts worldwide, focused intense work at both the local and global level and well-coordinated leadership have demonstrated that humankind is capable of amazing accomplishments by leveraging science and public health, and that we can finally make strides in terms of understanding and combating the obesity pandemic and its dire comorbidities including diabetes, NAFLD, CVD and obesity associated malignancies.
Comparison of 99mTc-DPD Scintigraphy, CMR Imaging, and Echocardiography in Patients With V30M-Associated Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis
Authors: Henry Somers, Ubaid Tanzim, Aldostefano Porcari, Yousuf Razvi, Tamer Rezk, Rishi Patel, Liza Chacko, Dorota Rowczenio, Janet A. Gilbertson, David F. Hutt, Philip N. Hawkins, Marianna Fontana, Julian D. Gillmore
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2022)
Abstract B031: Metabolism-epigenetics interplay drives cancer cell persistence during receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition
Authors: Asmaa El-Kenawi, Anders Berglund, Joel Brown, Robert Gatenby
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are effective anti-cancer treatments. However, evolution of resistance almost inevitably occurs due to pre-existing mutations or development of therapy-tolerant persister cells. Here, we combined time-lapse imaging with longitudinal DNA/RNA sequencing, metabolomics and genome-wide DNA methylation profiling to decipher mechanisms of TKI-induced persisters. Whole exome sequencing demonstrated that persisters were genetically indistinguishable from their parental counterparts, suggesting non-genetic mechanisms were involved. Using untargeted metabolomics, we uncovered that persisters were deficient in methionine metabolism intermediates, including S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-homocysteine (SAH), a major determinant DNA methylation. Examining the consumption of a panel of isotope labeled extracellular amino acids indicated that persisters don’t exhibit deregulation in methionine and cysteine transport. Instead, persisters preferentially consume methionine and cystine to support their survival. Profiling of wide-genome DNA methylation suggested that these metabolic changes was associated with a unique global DNA hypermethylation. We then discovered that promotor regions of genes encoding a range of trace element transporters were uniquely hypermethylated. Through further functional analysis, we then unraveled that these metabolic and epigenetic changes collectively facilitate emergence of a phenotype characterized by methionine/cystine-dependent resistance to osmotic stress. Thus, evolution of TKI resistance can develop by metabolism-dependent epigenetic modifications. Unraveling the detailed mechanisms of these metabolic and epigenetic strategies in cancer cell persisters is crucial to prevent cancer recurrence. Citation Format: Asmaa El-Kenawi, Anders Berglund, Joel Brown, Robert Gatenby. Metabolism-epigenetics interplay drives cancer cell persistence during receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolutionary Dynamics in Carcinogenesis and Response to Therapy; 2022 Mar 14-17. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B031.
Comparison of Amitriptyline and US Food and Drug Administration–Approved Treatments for Fibromyalgia
Authors: Hussein M. Farag, Ismaeel Yunusa, Hardik Goswami, Ihtisham Sultan, Joanne A. Doucette, Tewodros Eguale
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Amitriptyline is an established medication used off-label for the treatment of fibromyalgia, but pregabalin, duloxetine, and milnacipran are the only pharmacological agents approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat fibromyalgia.
A Road Map for Designing Phase I Clinical Trials of Radiotherapy–Novel Agent Combinations
Authors: Sarah R. Brown, Samantha Hinsley, Emma Hall, Chris Hurt, Richard D. Baird, Martin Forster, Andrew F. Scarsbrook, Richard A. Adams
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Radiotherapy has proven efficacy in a wide range of cancers. There is growing interest in evaluating radiotherapy–novel agent combinations and a drive to initiate this earlier in the clinical development of the novel agent, where the scientific rationale and preclinical evidence for a radiotherapy combination approach are high. Optimal design, delivery, and interpretation of studies are essential. In particular, the design of phase I studies to determine safety and dosing is critical to an efficient development strategy. There is significant interest in early-phase research among scientific and clinical communities over recent years, at a time when the scrutiny of the trial methodology has significantly increased. To enhance trial design, optimize safety, and promote efficient trial conduct, this position paper reviews the current phase I trial design landscape. Key design characteristics extracted from 37 methodology papers were used to define a road map and a design selection process for phase I radiotherapy–novel agent trials. Design selection is based on single- or dual-therapy dose escalation, dose-limiting toxicity categorization, maximum tolerated dose determination, subgroup evaluation, software availability, and design performance. Fifteen of the 37 designs were identified as being immediately accessible and relevant to radiotherapy–novel agent phase I trials. Applied examples of using the road map are presented. Developing these studies is intensive, highlighting the need for funding and statistical input early in the trial development to ensure appropriate design and implementation from the outset. The application of this road map will improve the design of phase I radiotherapy–novel agent combination trials, enabling a more efficient development pathway.
Unborn in the USA: what happened and what’s next for Roe<i>v</i>Wade and abortion rights?
Authors: Joanne Silberner
Journal: BMJ (2022)

and works in Washington state, in the far northwestern corner of the US."I've never felt any pressure not to provide [abortion services]," she tells The BMJ.She feels supported not just by the clinics where she practises but by the state government as well.When anti-abortion legislators in Washington state introduce bills to outlaw abortion, the bills don't progress.The state legalised abortion in 1970, three years before it was legalised across the country.Washington requires private health insurers that cover obstetric care to cover abortions as well.And it includes abortion in the joint state and federal programme for people on low incomes, even though the federal government is not allowed to finance abortions, by shouldering the full cost.
Abstract IA018: Rare cell variability and drug resistance in cancer
Authors: Sydney Shaffer
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Even within a clonal cancer, individual cells have different responses to drugs; while some cells may be sensitive to a therapy and die, other cells from the same tumor can be resistant and continue to grow. Methods such as single-cell RNA-sequencing provide a snapshot into the underlying molecular variability responsible for different single-cell phenotypes. However, the missing dimension from such end-point based methods is time. Single-cell RNA-seq provides just one time point of gene expression, but does not capture the dynamics of how gene expression states change with time. In this talk, I will present an experimental and computational approach to capture the timescales of gene expression states and their relationship to therapy resistance. Here, we leverage high-throughput cellular barcoding and single-cell RNA-sequencing to track gene expression for thousands of cells and to predict the time for which these gene expression states persist in single cells. These techniques uncover the TGFB pathway as an inducer of the gene expression states that prime melanoma cells for resistance to BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Further, I will present a strategy for overcoming resistance through targeting the pre-existing cellular states that ultimately give rise to drug resistance. Citation Format: Sydney Shaffer. Rare cell variability and drug resistance in cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolutionary Dynamics in Carcinogenesis and Response to Therapy; 2022 Mar 14-17. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(10 Suppl):Abstract nr IA018.
Comment on Dunne et al. The Women’s Leadership Gap in Diabetes: A Call for Equity and Excellence. Diabetes Care 2021;44:1734–1743
Authors: Julie A. Schmittdiel, Alyce S. Adams, Debra Haire-Joshu, Michele Heisler, Gretchen A. Piatt, Ron Ackermann, Marshall H. Chin, Jeffrey S. Gonzalez, Spero M. Manson, K.M. Venkat Narayan, Dean Schillinger, Angela G. Brega
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)
Shared genetic architectures of subjective well-being in East Asian and European ancestry populations
Authors: Soyeon Kim, Kiwon Kim, Mi Yeong Hwang, Hyunwoong Ko, Sang-Hyuk Jung, Injeong Shim, Soojin Cha, Hyewon Lee, Beomsu Kim, Joohyun Yoon, Tae Hyon Ha, Doh Kwan Kim, Jinho Kim, Woong-Yang Park, Aysu Okbay, Bong-Jo Kim, Young Jin Kim, Woojae Myung, Hong-Hee Won
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2022)
THE ANTIBODY-DRUG CONJUGATE LONCASTUXIMAB TESIRINE FOR THE TREATMENT OF DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA
Authors: Eleonora Calabretta, Mehdi Hamadani, Carmelo Carlo-Stella
Journal: Blood (2022)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogenous subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Relapsed/refractory disease represents remains an unmet medical need, despite the introduction of novel cellular and targeted therapies. Loncastuximab tesirine is a CD19-targeting antibody-drug conjugate approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for relapsed DLBCL after two lines of systemic therapy based on a trial showing a 48.3% overall response rate. The spectrum of its clinical applications is expanding and is now being tested in other B-cell malignancies.
Integrative multiomics analysis reveals host-microbe-metabolite interplays associated with the aging process in Singaporeans
Authors: Liwei Chen, Tingting Zheng, Yifan Yang, Prem Prashant Chaudhary, Jean Pui Yi Teh, Bobby K. Cheon, Daniela Moses, Stephan C. Schuster, Joergen Schlundt, Jun Li, Patricia L. Conway
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

The age-associated alterations in microbiomes vary across populations due to the influence of genetics and lifestyles. To the best of our knowledge, the microbial changes associated with aging have not yet been investigated in Singapore adults. We conducted shotgun metagenomic sequencing of fecal and saliva samples, as well as fecal metabolomics to characterize the gut and oral microbial communities of 62 healthy adult male Singaporeans, including 32 young subjects (age, 23.1 ± 1.4 years) and 30 elderly subjects (age, 69.0 ± 3.5 years). We identified 8 gut and 13 oral species that were differentially abundant in elderly compared to young subjects. By combining the gut and oral microbiomes, 25 age-associated oral-gut species connections were identified. Moreover, oral bacteria Acidaminococcus intestine and Flavonifractor plautii were less prevalent/abundant in elderly gut samples than in young gut samples, whereas Collinsella aerofaciens and Roseburia hominis showed the opposite trends. These results indicate the varied gut-oral communications with aging. Subsequently, we expanded the association studies on microbiome, metabolome and host phenotypic parameters. In particular, Eubacterium eligens increased in elderly compared to young subjects, and was positively correlated with triglycerides, which implies that the potential role of E. eligens in lipid metabolism is altered during the aging process. Our results demonstrated aging-associated changes in the gut and oral microbiomes, as well as the connections between metabolites and host-microbe interactions, thereby deepening the understanding of alterations in the human microbiome during the aging process in a Singapore population.
Covid-19: Fourth dose of mRNA vaccines is safe and boosts immunity, study finds
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2022)

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