tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparing clinical trial population representativeness to real-world populations: an external validity analysis encompassing 43 895 trials and 5 685 738 individuals across 989 unique drugs and 286 conditions in England
Authors: Yen Yi Tan, Vaclav Papez, Wai Hoong Chang, Stefanie H Mueller, Spiros Denaxas, Alvina G Lai
Journal: The Lancet Healthy Longevity (2022)
Permissive Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Charles Porter, Tariq U. Azam, Divyanshu Mohananey, Rohit Kumar, Jian Chu, Daniel Lenihan, Susan Dent, Sarju Ganatra, Gary S. Beasley, Tochukwu Okwuosa
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2022)

The field of cardio-oncology was born from the necessity for recognition and management of cardiovascular diseases among patients with cancer. This need for this specialty continues to grow as patients with cancer live longer as a result of lifesaving targeted and immunologic cancer therapies beyond the usual chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Often, potentially cardiotoxic anticancer treatment is necessary in patients with baseline cardiovascular disease. Moreover, patients may need to continue therapy in the setting of incident cancer therapy–associated cardiotoxicity. Herein, we present and discuss the concept of permissive cardiotoxicity as a novel term that represents an essential concept in the field of cardio-oncology and among practicing cardio-oncology specialists. It emphasizes a proactive rather than reactive approach to continuation of lifesaving cancer therapies in order to achieve the best oncologic outcome while mitigating associated and potentially off-target cardiotoxicities.
How to Manage and Monitor Cardiac Dysfunction in Patients With Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Susan F. Dent, Heather Moore, Priyanka Raval, Laura Alder, Avirup Guha
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2022)

• Targeted therapies improve clinical outcomes in HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. • There is thus far minimal signal of increased risk of cardiotoxicity from novel HER2 targeted therapies. • Cancer therapy benefit drives clinical decision-making with LV dysfunction. • The frequency of cardiac monitoring should be based on a risk-benefit approach.
Outcomes by Class of Anticoagulant Use for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Active Cancer
Authors: Adam S. Potter, Ashley Patel, Muzamil Khawaja, Christopher Chen, Henry Zheng, Jessica Kaczmarek, Feng Gao, Kaveh Karimzad, Juhee Song, Efstratios Koutroumpakis, Shaden Khalaf, Cezar Iliescu, Anita Deswal, Nicolas L. Palaskas
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2022)

The choice of anticoagulant agent for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in the setting of active cancer has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to compare the rates of cerebrovascular accident (CVA), gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulant agents (DOACs) compared with warfarin for NVAF in patients with active cancer. This was a retrospective electronic medical record review of eligible patients treated at a cancer hospital. The outcome events were CVA; GIB; ICH; the composite of GIB, CVA, or ICH; and overall mortality. Propensity score matching (1:1) was conducted to select comparable patients receiving warfarin vs DOACs. Fine-Gray models were fitted for each outcome event. The study cohort included 1,133 patients (mean age 72 ± 8.8 years, 42% women), of whom 74% received DOACs (57% received apixaban). After propensity score matching, 195 patients were included in each anticoagulant agent group. When comparing warfarin with DOACs, there were similar risks for CVA (subdistribution HR: 0.738; 95% CI: 0.334-1.629); ICH (subdistribution HR: 0.295; 95% CI: 0.032-2.709); GIB (subdistribution HR: 1.819; 95% CI: 0.774-4.277); and the composite of GIB, CVA, or ICH (subdistribution HR: 1.151; 95% CI: 0.645-2.054). Patients with active cancer had similar risks for CVA, ICH, and GIB when treated with DOACs compared with warfarin for NVAF.
Self-Reported Physical Activity, QoL, Cardiac Function, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Women With HER2+ Breast Cancer
Authors: Serena S. Peck, Maryam Esmaeilzadeh, Kate Rankin, Tamar Shalmon, Chun-Po Steve Fan, Emily Somerset, Eitan Amir, Babitha Thampinathan, Mike Walker, Catherine M. Sabiston, Paul Oh, Alis Bonsignore, Husam Abdel-Qadir, Scott C. Adams, Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2022)

Women treated for breast cancer are at risk for worsening health-related quality of life (QoL), cardiac function, and cardiorespiratory fitness. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of self-reported moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) during cancer treatment with concurrent measures of QoL and cardiac function and with post-treatment cardiorespiratory fitness in women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive breast cancer receiving sequential anthracyclines and trastuzumab. EMBRACE-MRI 1 (Evaluation of Myocardial Changes During Breast Adenocarcinoma Therapy to Detect Cardiotoxicity Earlier With MRI) study participants who completed questionnaires for MVPA (modified Godin Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire) and QoL (EQ-5D-3L, Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire) and cardiac imaging every 3 months during treatment and post-treatment cardiopulmonary exercise testing were included. Participants engaging in ≥90 minutes of MVPA each week were labeled "active." Generalized estimation equations and linear regression analyses were used to assess concurrent and post-treatment associations with MVPA and activity status, respectively. Eighty-eight participants were included (mean age 51.4 ± 8.9 years). Mean MVPA minutes, QoL, and cardiac function (left ventricular ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain, E/A ratio, and E/e′ ratio) worsened by 6 months into trastuzumab therapy. Higher MVPA (per 30 minutes) during treatment was associated with better concurrent overall (β = −0.42) and physical (β = −0.24) Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire scores, EQ-5D-3L index (β = 0.003), visual analogue scale score (β = 0.43), diastolic function (E/A ratio; β = 0.01), and global longitudinal strain (β = 0.04) at each time point (P ≤ 0.01 for all). Greater cumulative MVPA over the treatment period was associated with higher post-treatment cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen consumption; β = 0.06 per 30 minutes; P < 0.001). Higher self-reported MVPA during treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive breast cancer was associated with better QoL and diastolic and systolic left ventricular function measures during treatment and better post-treatment cardiorespiratory fitness.
A commentary on “Prothrombin induced by vitamin K Absence-II versus alpha-fetoprotein in detection of both resectable hepatocellular carcinoma and early recurrence after curative liver resection: A retrospective cohort study” (Int J Surg 2022;105:106843)
Authors: Teh-Ia Huo, Shu-Yein Ho, Jia-I Liao
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2022)
NeoCoronavirus (NeoCoV) and its possible future global health threats – Current knowledge and counteracting prospects – Correspondence
Authors: Ranjan K Mohapatra, Ashish K Sarangi, Sandip Chakraborty, Hardeep Singh Tuli, Manojit Bhattacharya, Chiranjib Chakraborty, Wanpen Chaicumpa, Kuldeep Dhama
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2022)
Resistance to meropenem-vaborbactam in clinical isolates of Enterobacter roggenkampii without previous exposure to vaborbactam
Authors: Paula Navarro-Carrera, Paloma García-Clemente, Rosa Gómez-Gil, Rubén Cáceres-Sánchez, Iván Bloise, Elias Dahdouh, Francisco Moreno-Ramos, Julio García-Rodríguez, Jesús Mingorance, Fernando Lázaro-Perona
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2022)

Vaborbactam is a novel boron-based β-lactamase inhibitor with high activity against Ambler class A and C enzymes, including KPC carbapenemases [ [1] Lomovskaya O. Sun D. Rubio-Aparicio D. Nelson K. Tsivkovski R. Griffith D.C. et al. Vaborbactam: spectrum of beta-lactamase inhibition and impact of resistance mechanisms on activity in Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017; 61e01443https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01443-17 Crossref Scopus (241) Google Scholar , [2] Sun D. Rubio-Aparicio D. Nelson K. Dudley M.N. Lomovskaya O. Meropenem-vaborbactam resistance selection, resistance prevention, and molecular mechanisms in mutants of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017; 61: 1-14https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01694-17 Crossref Scopus (121) Google Scholar ]. The combination of vaborbactam with meropenem restores susceptibility to KPC-producing, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Resistance to meropenem-vaborbactam (M/V) is uncommon but may occur because of loss of porins in KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae [ [3] Dulyayangkul P. Wan Nur Ismah W.A. Douglas E.J. Avison M.B. Mutation of kvrA causes OmpK35 and OmpK36 porin downregulation and reduced meropenem-vaborbactam susceptibility in KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020; 64: e02208-e02219https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02208-19 Crossref PubMed Scopus (18) Google Scholar ].
Excess length of stay and readmission following hospital-acquired bacteraemia: a population-based cohort study applying a multi-state model approach
Authors: Viggo Holten Mortensen, Lone Hagens Mygind, Henrik Carl Schønheyder, Paulina Staus, Martin Wolkewitz, Brian Kristensen, Mette Søgaard
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2022)

Population-based estimates of excess length of stay after hospital-acquired bacteraemia (HAB) are few and prone to time-dependent bias. We investigated the excess length of stay and readmission after HAB.This population-based cohort study included the North Denmark Region adult population hospitalized for ≥48 hours, from 2006 to 2018. Using a multi-state model with 45 days of follow-up, we estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for end of stay and discharge alive. The excess length of stay was defined as the difference in residual length of stay between infected and uninfected patients, estimated using a non-parametric approach with HAB as time-dependent exposure. Confounder effects were estimated using pseudo-value regression. Readmission after HAB was investigated using the Cox regression.We identified 3457 episodes of HAB in 484 291 admissions in 205 962 unique patients. Following HAB, excess length of stay was 6.6 days (95% CI, 6.2-7.1 days) compared with patients at risk. HAB was associated with decreased probability of end of hospital stay (aHR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.57-0.62) driven by the decreased hazard for discharge alive; the aHRs ranged from 0.30 (95% CI, 0.23-0.40) for bacteraemia stemming from 'heart and vascular' source to 0.72 (95% CI, 0.69-0.82) for the 'urinary tract'. Despite increased post-discharge mortality (aHR, 2.76; 95% CI, 2.38-3.21), HAB was associated with readmission (aHR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.31-1.53).HAB was associated with considerably excess length of hospital stay compared with hospitalized patients without bacteraemia. Among patients discharged alive, HAB was associated with increased readmission rates.
Impact of antibiotic intake on the incidence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacterales in sub-Saharan Africa: results from a community-based longitudinal study
Authors: Melina Heinemann, Lukas Kleinjohann, Thierry Rolling, Doris Winter, Nina Hackbarth, Michael Ramharter, Marylyn Addo, Daniel Eibach, Richard O. Phillips, Alex Owusu-Ofori, Christof D. Vinnemeier
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2022)
An evaluation of prospective COVID-19 modelling studies in the USA: from data to science translation
Authors: Kristen Nixon, Sonia Jindal, Felix Parker, Nicholas G Reich, Kimia Ghobadi, Elizabeth C Lee, Shaun Truelove, Lauren Gardner
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2022)

Infectious disease modelling can serve as a powerful tool for situational awareness and decision support for policy makers. However, COVID-19 modelling efforts faced many challenges, from poor data quality to changing policy and human behaviour. To extract practical insight from the large body of COVID-19 modelling literature available, we provide a narrative review with a systematic approach that quantitatively assessed prospective, data-driven modelling studies of COVID-19 in the USA. We analysed 136 papers, and focused on the aspects of models that are essential for decision makers. We have documented the forecasting window, methodology, prediction target, datasets used, and geographical resolution for each study. We also found that a large fraction of papers did not evaluate performance (25%), express uncertainty (50%), or state limitations (36%). To remedy some of these identified gaps, we recommend the adoption of the EPIFORGE 2020 model reporting guidelines and creating an information-sharing system that is suitable for fast-paced infectious disease outbreak science.
A machine-learning algorithm for diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and Kawasaki disease in the USA: a retrospective model development and validation study
Authors: Jonathan Y Lam, Chisato Shimizu, Adriana H Tremoulet, Emelia Bainto, Samantha C Roberts, Nipha Sivilay, Michael A Gardiner, John T Kanegaye, Alexander H Hogan, Juan C Salazar, Sindhu Mohandas, Jacqueline R Szmuszkovicz, Simran Mahanta, Audrey Dionne, Jane W Newburger, Emily Ansusinha, Roberta L DeBiasi, Shiying Hao, Xuefeng B Ling, Harvey J Cohen, Shamim Nemati, Jane C Burns
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2022)
Stimuli-responsive liposomal nanoformulations in cancer therapy: Pre-clinical &amp; clinical approaches
Authors: Milad Ashrafizadeh, Masoud Delfi, Ali Zarrabi, Ashkan Bigham, Esmaeel Sharifi, Navid Rabiee, Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos, Alan Prem Kumar, Shing Cheng Tan, Kiavash Hushmandi, Jun Ren, Ehsan Nazarzadeh Zare, Pooyan Makvandi
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2022)

The site-specific delivery of antitumor agents is of importance for providing effective cancer suppression. Poor bioavailability of anticancer compounds and the presence of biological barriers prevent their accumulation in tumor sites. These obstacles can be overcome using liposomal nanostructures. The challenges in cancer chemotherapy and stimuli-responsive nanocarriers are first described in the current review. Then, stimuli-responsive liposomes including pH-, redox-, enzyme-, light-, thermo- and magneto-sensitive nanoparticles are discussed and their potential for delivery of anticancer drugs is emphasized. The pH- or redox-sensitive liposomes are based on internal stimulus and release drug in response to a mildly acidic pH and GSH, respectively. The pH-sensitive liposomes can mediate endosomal escape via proton sponge. The multifunctional liposomes responsive to both redox and pH have more capacity in drug release at tumor site compared to pH- or redox-sensitive alone. The magnetic field and NIR irradiation can be exploited for external stimulation of liposomes. The light-responsive liposomes release drugs when they are exposed to irradiation; thermosensitive-liposomes release drugs at a temperature of &gt;40 °C when there is hyperthermia; magneto-responsive liposomes release drugs in presence of magnetic field. These smart nanoliposomes also mediate co-delivery of drugs and genes in synergistic cancer therapy. Due to lack of long-term toxicity of liposomes, they can be utilized in near future for treatment of cancer patients.
Cytokine nanosponges suppressing overactive macrophages and dampening systematic cytokine storm for the treatment of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Honglan Wang, Huiwen Liu, Jia Li, Chunying Liu, Hui Chen, Junying Li, Chunyan Sun, Tao Guo, Zhiqing Pang, Bo Zhang, Yu Hu
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a highly fatal condition with the positive feedback loop between continued immune cell activation and cytokine storm as the core mechanism to mediate multiple organ dysfunction. Inspired by macrophage membranes harbor the receptors with special high affinity for proinflammation cytokines, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles (LMNP) were developed to show strong sponge ability to both IFN-γ and IL-6 and suppressed overactivation of macrophages by inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Besides, LMNP also efficiently alleviated HLH-related symptoms including cytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly and hepatorenal dysfunction and save the life of mouse models. Furthermore, its sponge effect also worked well for five human HLH samples in vitro. Altogether, it's firstly demonstrated that biocompatible LMNP could dampen HLH with high potential for clinical transformation, which also provided alternative insights for the treatment of other cytokine storm-mediated pathologic conditions such as COVID-19 infection and cytokine releasing syndrome during CAR-T therapy.
Puerarin@Chitosan composite for infected bone repair through mimicking the bio-functions of antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Liping Ouyang, Baohui Chen, Xingdan Liu, Donghui Wang, Yang Li, Yun Liao, Kelvin W.K. Yeung, Xuanyong Liu
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

It is important to eliminate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) along with killing bacteria in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) therapy for promoting bone repair due to its effect to regulate macrophages response. Although natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer a good solution, the unknown toxicity, high cost and exogenetic immune response hamper their applications in clinic. In this work, we fabricated a nanowire-like composite material, named P@C, by combining chitosan and puerarin via solid-phase reaction, which can finely mimic the bio-functions of AMPs. Chitosan, serving as the bacteria membrane puncture agent, and puerarin, serving as the LPS target agent, synergistically destroy the bacterial membrane structure and inhibit its recovery, thus endowing P@C with good antibacterial property. In addition, P@C possesses good osteoimmunomodulation due to its ability of LPS elimination and macrophage differentiation modulation. The in vivo results show that P@C can inhibit the LPS induced bone destruction in the Escherichia coli infected rat. P@C exhibits superior bone regeneration in Escherichia coli infected rat due to the comprehensive functions of its superior antibacterial property, and its ability of LPS elimination and immunomodulation. P@C can well mimic the functions of AMPs, which provides a novel and effective method for treating the PJI in clinic.
Synopsis of Materia Medica, Toxicology, and Pharmacology for Students and Practitioners of Medicine
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Childhood body mass index trajectories and associations with adult-onset chronic kidney disease in Denmark: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Julie Aarestrup, Kim Blond, Dorte Vistisen, Marit E. Jørgensen, Marie Frimodt-Møller, Britt W. Jensen, Jennifer L. Baker
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2022)

Although excess adult adiposity is a strong risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), evidence for associations with early life body size is limited. We investigated whether childhood body mass index (BMI) trajectories are associated with adult-onset CKD and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) using a population-based cohort. Further, we examined the role of adult-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) in these associations.
The Price of Human and Veterinary Formulations of Common Medications—Price Discrimination and Innovation in Prescription Drug Markets
Authors: Eric Ward, Michael Chernew
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Children’s Sleep and Our Power to Improve It
Authors: Melissa Wake, Harriet Hiscock
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal