tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: Association between hearing aid use and all-cause and cause-specific dementia: an analysis of the UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Fan Jiang, Shiva Raj Mishra, Nipun Shrestha, Akihiko Ozaki, Salim S Virani, Tess Bright, Hannah Kuper, Chengchao Zhou, Dongshan Zhu
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2023)

BackgroundDementia and hearing loss are both highly prevalent conditions among older adults. We aimed to examine the association between hearing aid use and risk of all-cause and cause-specific dementia among middle-aged and older-aged adults, and to explore the roles of mediators and moderators in their association.MethodsWe used data from the UK Biobank, a population-based cohort study, which recruited adults aged 40–69 years between 2006 and 2010 across 22 centres in England, Scotland, and Wales. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs between self-reported hearing aid use status (hearing loss with or without hearing aids) at baseline and risk of dementia (all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and non-Alzheimer's disease non-vascular dementia). Dementia diagnoses were ascertained using hospital records and death-register data. We also analysed the roles of mediators (self-reported social isolation, loneliness, and mood) and moderators (self-reported education and income, smoking, morbidity, and measured APOE allele status).FindingsAfter the exclusion of people who did not answer the question on hearing difficulties (n=25 081 [5·0%]) and those with dementia at baseline visit (n=283 [0·1%]), we included 437 704 people in the analyses. Compared with participants without hearing loss, people with hearing loss without hearing aids had an increased risk of all-cause dementia (HR 1·42 [95% CI 1·29–1·56]); we found no increased risk in people with hearing loss with hearing aids (1·04 [0·98–1·10]). The positive association of hearing aid use was observed in all-cause dementia and cause-specific dementia subtypes (Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and non-Alzheimer's disease non-vascular dementia). The attributable risk proportion of dementia for hearing loss was estimated to be 29·6%. Of the total association between hearing aid use and all-cause dementia, 1·5% was mediated by reducing social isolation, 2·3% by reducing loneliness, and 7·1% by reducing depressed mood.InterpretationIn people with hearing loss, hearing aid use is associated with a risk of dementia of a similar level to that of people without hearing loss. With the postulation that up to 8% of dementia cases could be prevented with proper hearing loss management, our findings highlight the urgent need to take measures to address hearing loss to improve cognitive decline.FundingNational Natural Science Foundation of China and Shandong Province, Taishan Scholars Project, China Medical Board, and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation.
Efficacy and safety of ritlecitinib in adults and adolescents with alopecia areata: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 2b–3 trial
Authors: Brett King, Xingqi Zhang, Walter Gubelin Harcha, Jacek C Szepietowski, Jerry Shapiro, Charles Lynde, Natasha A Mesinkovska, Samuel H Zwillich, Lynne Napatalung, Dalia Wajsbrot, Rana Fayyad, Amy Freyman, Debanjali Mitra, Vivek Purohit, Rodney Sinclair, Robert Wolk
Journal: The Lancet (2023)
Current therapy and drug resistance in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Maoping Cai, Xian-Lu Song, Xin-An Li, Mingkun Chen, Jiading Guo, Dong-Hua Yang, Zhanghui Chen, Shan-Chao Zhao
Journal: Drug Resistance Updates (2023)

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), especially metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies and main cause of cancer-related death among men in the world. In addition, it is very difficult for clinical treatment because of the natural or acquired drug resistance of CRPC. Mechanisms of drug resistance are extremely complicated and how to overcome it remains an urgent clinical problem to be solved. Thus, a comprehensive and thorough understanding for mechanisms of drug resistance in mCRPC is indispensable to develop novel and better therapeutic strategies. In this review, we aim to review new insight of the treatment of mCRPC and elucidate mechanisms governing resistance to new drugs: taxanes, androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi). Most importantly, in order to improve efficacy of these drugs, strategies of overcoming drug resistance are also discussed based on their mechanisms respectively.
Safety and dose escalation of the targeted oncolytic adenovirus OBP-301 for refractory advanced liver cancer: Phase I clinical trial
Authors: Jeong Heo, Ja-Der Liang, Chang Won Kim, Hyun Young Woo, I-Lun Shih, Tung-Hung Su, Zhong-Zhe Lin, So Young Yoo, Stanley Chang, Yasuo Urata, Pei-Jer Chen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2023)

OBP-301 is an oncolytic adenovirus modified to replicate within cancer cells and lyse them. This open-label, non-comparative, phase I dose-escalation trial aimed to assess its safety and optimal dosage in 20 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Good tolerance was shown with a maximum tolerated dose of 6 × 1012 viral particles. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were influenza-like illness, pyrexia, fatigue, decreased platelet count, abdominal distension, and anemia. Cohorts 4 and 5 had approximately 50% higher levels of CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood after injection. The best target response occurred in 14 patients, 4 of whom had progressive disease. Multiple intratumoral injections of OBP-301 were well tolerated in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The stable disease rate for the injected tumors was greater than the overall response rate, even with no obvious tumor response. OBP-301 might have a greater impact on local response as histological examination revealed that the presence of OBP-301 was consistent with the necrotic area at the injection site. Increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells and <1% PD-L1 expression were observed in tumors after injection. Improved antitumor efficacy might be achieved in future studies via viral injection with volume adjustment and in combination with other immuno-therapeutics. OBP-301 is an oncolytic adenovirus modified to replicate within cancer cells and lyse them. This open-label, non-comparative, phase I dose-escalation trial aimed to assess its safety and optimal dosage in 20 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Good tolerance was shown with a maximum tolerated dose of 6 × 1012 viral particles. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were influenza-like illness, pyrexia, fatigue, decreased platelet count, abdominal distension, and anemia. Cohorts 4 and 5 had approximately 50% higher levels of CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood after injection. The best target response occurred in 14 patients, 4 of whom had progressive disease. Multiple intratumoral injections of OBP-301 were well tolerated in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The stable disease rate for the injected tumors was greater than the overall response rate, even with no obvious tumor response. OBP-301 might have a greater impact on local response as histological examination revealed that the presence of OBP-301 was consistent with the necrotic area at the injection site. Increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells and <1% PD-L1 expression were observed in tumors after injection. Improved antitumor efficacy might be achieved in future studies via viral injection with volume adjustment and in combination with other immuno-therapeutics.
Economic analysis of antenatal screening for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 in Brazil: an open access cost-utility model
Authors: Carolina Rosadas, Kátia Senna, Milene da Costa, Tatiane Assone, Jorge Casseb, Youko Nukui, Lucy Cook, Lívia Mariano, Bernardo Galvão Castro, Maria Fernanda Rios Grassi, Augusto Cesar Penalva de Oliveira, Adele Caterino-de-Araujo, Bassit Malik, Ney Boa-Sorte, Paula Peixoto, Marzia Puccioni-Sohler, Marisa Santos, Graham Philip Taylor
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2023)
Risk of early horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus in children of uninfected mothers in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Afifa Ansari, Jeanne Perpétue Vincent, Louisa Moorhouse, Yusuke Shimakawa, Shevanthi Nayagam
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2023)

Sub-Saharan Africa is highly endemic for hepatitis B virus (HBV); historically, most people were exposed during childhood through vertical or horizontal transmission. Although all African countries now provide a three-dose infant hepatitis B vaccination starting at age 6-8 weeks, only a third of African countries have introduced birth dose (HepB-BD) vaccine. Adding HepB-BD is fundamental to prevent vertical transmission, but its effectiveness in preventing horizontal transmission, compared with the three-dose infant vaccination alone, is unknown. We aimed to estimate the risk of early horizontal transmission in children of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative mothers in sub-Saharan Africa stratified according to the vaccination schedule.In this systematic review and meta-analysis we searched MEDLINE, Global Health, Embase, African Index Medicus and African Journals Online from their inception to Oct 24, 2022, for studies reporting HBsAg or HBV DNA, or both, in children (aged 0-5 years) of HBsAg-negative mothers. We excluded studies if children were only tested at birth. Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts of all articles and data were extracted using a standardised pre-piloted data extraction sheet, and authors were contacted if any important information was missing. The primary outcome was the risk of HBV infection in children of HBsAg-negative mothers, stratified by vaccination schedule (no vaccination, first dose at 6-8 weeks, or first dose at birth). We pooled the child risks of HBsAg or HBV DNA-positivity from the age of 0 years to 5 years via a random-effect meta-analysis using a generalised linear mixed model. The study was registered on PROSPERO, CRD42021236203.Of 8856 articles identified, 27 studies evaluating 10 003 children of HBsAg-negative mothers were included. The pooled risks of infection were 6·16% (95% CI 3·05-12·04; 155/1407) in the no vaccination group, 0·21% (0·04-1·15; 10/3425) in children who received their first dose at 6-8 weeks, and 0·05% (0·00-1·32; 3/2902) in children who received their first dose at birth. The difference was not statistically significant in children who received their first dose at 6-8 weeks and children who received their first dose at birth after adjusting for the study period, region, and maternal HIV status (test of moderators p=0·37).In children of HBsAg-negative mothers, the risk of infection might be minimal even with the vaccination starting at 6-8 weeks, without clear additional benefit from HepB-BD. When births take place at home and timely administration of HepB-BD is challenging, antenatal HBsAg screening and selective HepB-BD might allow efficient allocation of resources to mother and child pairs at high risk compared with universal HepB-BD.None.For the French translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Impact of proactive and reactive vaccination strategies for health-care workers against MERS-CoV: a mathematical modelling study
Authors: Daniel J Laydon, Simon Cauchemez, Wes R Hinsley, Samir Bhatt, Neil M Ferguson
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2023)

BackgroundSeveral vaccine candidates are in development against MERS-CoV, which remains a major public health concern. In anticipation of available MERS-CoV vaccines, we examine strategies for their optimal deployment among health-care workers.MethodsUsing data from the 2013–14 Saudi Arabia epidemic, we use a counterfactual analysis on inferred transmission trees (who-infected-whom analysis) to assess the potential impact of vaccination campaigns targeting health-care workers, as quantified by the proportion of cases or deaths averted. We investigate the conditions under which proactive campaigns (ie vaccinating in anticipation of the next outbreak) would outperform reactive campaigns (ie vaccinating in response to an unfolding outbreak), considering vaccine efficacy, duration of vaccine protection, effectiveness of animal reservoir control measures, wait (time between vaccination and next outbreak, for proactive campaigns), reaction time (for reactive campaigns), and spatial level (hospital, regional, or national, for reactive campaigns). We also examine the relative efficiency (cases averted per thousand doses) of different strategies.FindingsThe spatial scale of reactive campaigns is crucial. Proactive campaigns outperform campaigns that vaccinate health-care workers in response to outbreaks at their hospital, unless vaccine efficacy has waned significantly. However, reactive campaigns at the regional or national levels consistently outperform proactive campaigns, regardless of vaccine efficacy. When considering the number of cases averted per vaccine dose administered, the rank order is reversed: hospital-level reactive campaigns are most efficient, followed by regional-level reactive campaigns, with national-level and proactive campaigns being least efficient. If the number of cases required to trigger reactive vaccination increases, the performance of hospital-level campaigns is greatly reduced; the impact of regional-level campaigns is variable, but that of national-level campaigns is preserved unless triggers have high thresholds.InterpretationSubstantial reduction of MERS-CoV morbidity and mortality is possible when vaccinating only health-care workers, underlining the need for countries at risk of outbreaks to stockpile vaccines when available.FundingUK Medical Research Council, UK National Institute for Health Research, UK Research and Innovation, UK Academy of Medical Sciences, The Novo Nordisk Foundation, The Schmidt Foundation, and Investissement d'Avenir France.
Digital adherence technologies to improve tuberculosis treatment outcomes in China: a cluster-randomised superiority trial
Authors: Xiaoqiu Liu, Jennifer Thompson, Haiyan Dong, Sedona Sweeney, Xue Li, Yanli Yuan, Xiaomeng Wang, Wangrui He, Bruce Thomas, Caihong Xu, Dongmei Hu, Anna Vassall, Shitong Huan, Hui Zhang, Shiwen Jiang, Katherine Fielding, Yanlin Zhao
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2023)
Timing of seasonal influenza epidemics for 25 countries in Africa during 2010–19: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Ledor S Igboh, Katherine Roguski, Perrine Marcenac, Gideon O Emukule, Myrna D Charles, Stefano Tempia, Belinda Herring, Katelijn Vandemaele, Ann Moen, Sonja J Olsen, David E Wentworth, Rebecca Kondor, Josh A Mott, Siddhivinayak Hirve, Joseph S Bresee, Punam Mangtani, Patrick Nguipdop-Djomo, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2023)
Health-care workers must be trained and retained
Authors: None The Lancet Global Health
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2023)

Globally, health care has a dangerous shortage of workers, and the situation is worsening. On March 8, 2023, a progress report on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel was published by WHO. This report added eight countries to the 2020 list of vulnerable (so-called red-list) countries, identified as such because of critically low health-care workforce densities. These 55 red-list countries—37 (67%) of which are in Africa—should be targeted by decision makers for health personnel development and health system support and, crucially, other countries are discouraged from actively recruiting health-care workers (HCWs) from them.
The benefits and burden of health financing in Indonesia: analyses of nationally representative cross-sectional data
Authors: Augustine Asante, Qinglu Cheng, Dwidjo Susilo, Aryana Satrya, Manon Haemmerli, Rifqi Abdul Fattah, Soewarta Kosen, Danty Novitasari, Gemala Chairunnisa Puteri, Eviati Adawiyah, Andrew Hayen, Anne Mills, Viroj Tangcharoensathien, Stephen Jan, Hasbullah Thabrany, Virginia Wiseman
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2023)
Real-world impact of integrating HIV assisted partner services into 31 facilities in Kenya: a single-arm, hybrid type 2 implementation-effectiveness study
Authors: Monisha Sharma, Brienna Naughton, Harison Lagat, George Otieno, David A Katz, Beatrice M Wamuti, Sarah Masyuko, Rose Bosire, Mary Mugambi, Unmesha Roy Paladhi, Bryan J Weiner, Edward Kariithi, Carey Farquhar
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2023)
Use of point-of-care C-reactive protein testing for screening of tuberculosis in the community in high-burden settings: a prospective, cross-sectional study in Zambia and South Africa
Authors: Maria Ruperez, Kwame Shanaube, Linda Mureithi, Chali Wapamesa, James M Burnett, Barry Kosloff, Petra de Haas, Richard Hayes, Sarah Fidler, Thomas Gachie, Albertus Schaap, Sian Floyd, Eveline Klinkenberg, Helen Ayles, Algernon Africa, Modupe Amofa-Skeyi, Virginia Bond, Maina Cheeba, Pete Dodd, Nico Kalisvaart, Bxyn Kangololo, Nkatya Kasese, Tila Mainga, Alwyn Mwinga, Vladyslav Nikolayevskyy, Beatrice Nyondo, Robynn Paulsen, Musonda Simwinga, Carmen Sisam, Lily Telisinghe, Ranjeeta Thomas, Redwaan Vermaak, Frank Vijn
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2023)

WHO recommends community-wide, systematic tuberculosis screening in high-prevalence settings. C-reactive protein has been proposed as a tuberculosis screening tool for people living with HIV. We aimed to assess the performance of a point-of-care C-reactive protein test for tuberculosis screening in the community in two countries with a high tuberculosis burden.
Novel neutrophil extracellular trap-related mechanisms in diabetic wounds inspire a promising treatment strategy with hypoxia-challenged small extracellular vesicles
Authors: Ziqiang Chu, Qilin Huang, Kui Ma, Xi Liu, Wenhua Zhang, Shengnan Cui, Qian Wei, Huanhuan Gao, Wenzhi Hu, Zihao Wang, Sheng Meng, Lige Tian, Haihong Li, Xiaobing Fu, Cuiping Zhang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2023)

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been considered a significant unfavorable factor for wound healing in diabetes, but the mechanisms remain unclear. The therapeutic application of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has received considerable attention for their properties. Hypoxic preconditioning is reported to enhance the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived sEVs in regenerative medicine. Therefore, the aim of this study is to illustrate the detailed mechanism of NETs in impairment of diabetic wound healing and develop a promising NET-targeting treatment based on hypoxic pretreated MSC-derived sEVs (Hypo-sEVs). Excessive NETs were found in diabetic wounds and in high glucose (HG)-induced neutrophils. Further research showed that high concentration of NETs impaired the function of fibroblasts through activating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Hypo-sEVs efficiently promoted diabetic wound healing and reduced the excessive NET formation by transferring miR-17-5p. Bioinformatic analysis and RNA interference experiment revealed that miR-17-5p in Hypo-sEVs obstructed the NET formation by targeting TLR4/ROS/MAPK pathway. Additionally, miR-17-5p overexpression decreased NET formation and overcame NET-induced impairment in fibroblasts, similar to the effects of Hypo-sEVs. Overall, we identify a previously unrecognized NET-related mechanism in diabetic wounds and provide a promising NET-targeting strategy for wound treatment.
Natalizumab treatment for multiple sclerosis: updated recommendations for patient selection and monitoring
Authors: Ludwig Kappos, David Bates, Gilles Edan, Mefkûre Eraksoy, Antonio Garcia-Merino, Nikolaos Grigoriadis, Hans-Peter Hartung, Eva Havrdová, Jan Hillert, Reinhard Hohlfeld, Marcelo Kremenchutzky, Olivier Lyon-Caen, Ariel Miller, Carlo Pozzilli, Mads Ravnborg, Takahiko Saida, Christian Sindic, Karl Vass, David B Clifford, Stephen Hauser, Eugene O Major, Paul W O'Connor, Howard L Weiner, Michel Clanet, Ralf Gold, Hans H Hirsch, Ernst-Wilhelm Radü, Per Soelberg Sørensen, John King
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2011)
Impact of Laboratory Molecular Diagnosis on Contemporary Diagnostic Criteria for Genetically Transmitted Cardiovascular Diseases: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Long-QT Syndrome, and Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Barry J. Maron, James H. Moller, Christine E. Seidman, G. Michael Vincent, Harry C. Dietz, Arthur J. Moss, Jeffrey A. Towbin, Henry M. Sondheimer, Reed E. Pyeritz, Glenn McGee, Andrew E. Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1998)
Rituximab Maintenance for the Treatment of Patients With Follicular Lymphoma: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Liat Vidal, Anat Gafter-Gvili, Gilles Salles, Martin H. Dreyling, Michele Ghielmini, Shu-Fang Hsu Schmitz, Ruth Pettengell, Mathias Witzens-Harig, Ofer Shpilberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2011)

In a previous systematic review and meta-analysis of five randomized controlled trials comparing rituximab maintenance with no maintenance (observation or rituximab at progression) for patients with follicular lymphoma, we reported that rituximab maintenance treatment improved the overall survival of patients. In this study, we did a similar search of the electronic databases updated through December 31, 2010, and included nine trials and 2586 follicular lymphoma patients. Hazard ratios (HRs) for time-to-event data were estimated and pooled using the inverse variance method. Risk ratios for dichotomous data were pooled using a fixed effect model. Patients treated with rituximab maintenance had improved overall survival (pooled HR of death = 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62 to 0.92) compared with patients in the no maintenance group. Patients with refractory or relapsed (ie, previously treated) follicular lymphoma treated with rituximab maintenance had improved overall survival (pooled HR of death = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.57 to 0.91), whereas previously untreated patients had no survival benefit (pooled HR of death = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.60 to 1.25). The rate of infection-related adverse events was higher in the rituximab maintenance group (pooled risk ratio = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.40 to 2.00). These results further support the use of rituximab maintenance in the standard of care for refractory or relapsed follicular lymphoma.
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Determination
Authors: Douglas R. White
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A retrospective study of 146 patients with metastatic disease was undertaken to verify the clinical impression that radionuclide scanning rarely, if ever, discloses hepatic metastases in breast cancer patients with normal serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels. Only two of 39 patients with abnormal liver scans had normal AP levels, and we conclude that liver scans are not necessary as a routine screening method for liver metastases when the AP level is normal. In contrast AP levels were not predictive of bone scan results. All patients with a twofold or greater elevation of the AP level had abnormal bone, liver, or bone and liver scans. Routine AP determinations provide accurate staging information, and their proper use can decrease the cost of initial and follow-up examination of patients with breast cancer. (<i>JAMA</i>242:1147-1149, 1979)
ANTICONVULSANTS AND PARENTAL EPILEPSY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIRTH DEFECTS
Authors: Samuel Shapiro, StuartC. Hartz, Victor Siskind, AllenA. Mitchell, Dennis Slone, Lynn Rosenberg, RichardR. Monson, OlliP. Heinonen, Juhana Idänpàan-Heikkilä, Sakari Häró, Lauri Saxén
Journal: The Lancet (1976)