tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
End-Tidal to Arterial P<scp>co</scp><sub>2</sub> Ratio as Guide to Weaning from Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Stefano Lazzari, Federica Romitti, Mattia Busana, Francesco Vassalli, Matteo Bonifazi, Matteo Maria Macrí, Lorenzo Giosa, Francesca Collino, Daniel Heise, Martin Golinski, Simone Gattarello, Lars-Olav Harnisch, Serena Brusatori, Roberta Maj, Carmelo Zinnato, Konrad Meissner, Michael Quintel, Onnen Moerer, John J. Marini, Barnaby Sanderson, Luigi Camporota, Luciano Gattinoni
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

Rationale: Weaning from venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) is based on oxygenation and not on carbon dioxide elimination. Objectives: To predict readiness to wean from VV-ECMO. Methods: In this multicenter study of mechanically ventilated adults with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome receiving VV-ECMO, we investigated a variable based on CO2 elimination. The study included a prospective interventional study of a physiological cohort (n = 26) and a retrospective clinical cohort (n = 638). Measurements and Main Results: Weaning failure in the clinical and physiological cohorts were 37% and 42%, respectively. The main cause of failure in the physiological cohort was high inspiratory effort or respiratory rate. All patients exhaled similar amounts of CO2, but in patients who failed the weaning trial, [Formula: see text]e was higher to maintain the PaCO2 unchanged. The effort to eliminate one unit-volume of CO2, was double in patients who failed (68.9 [42.4-123] vs. 39 [20.1-57] cm H2O/[L/min]; P = 0.007), owing to the higher physiological Vd (68 [58.73] % vs. 54 [41.64] %; P = 0.012). End-tidal partial carbon dioxide pressure (PetCO2)/PaCO2 ratio was a clinical variable strongly associated with weaning outcome at baseline, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71-1). Similarly, the PetCO2/PaCO2 ratio was associated with weaning outcome in the clinical cohort both before the weaning trial (odds ratio, 4.14; 95% CI, 1.32-12.2; P = 0.015) and at a sweep gas flow of zero (odds ratio, 13.1; 95% CI, 4-44.4; P < 0.001). Conclusions: The primary reason for weaning failure from VV-ECMO is high effort to eliminate CO2. A higher PetCO2/PaCO2 ratio was associated with greater likelihood of weaning from VV-ECMO.
Medicare Spending on Drugs With Accelerated Approval
Authors: Jeromie Ballreich, Mariana Socal, Charles L. Bennett, Martin W. Schoen, Antonio Trujillo, Andrew Xuan, Gerard Anderson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration provides accelerated approval to drugs on the basis of surrogate end points deemed to be "reasonably likely" to predict clinical benefit. To receive full approval, drugs must complete a confirmatory trial. Although most accelerated approved drugs ultimately receive full approval, others remain on the market without full approval for many years, and some are withdrawn before full approval is granted. Until confirmatory trials are completed and full approval is granted, there is uncertainty surrounding each drug's clinical benefits.To estimate fee-for-service Medicare payments on accelerated approved drugs without full approvals.Cross-sectional analysis.Fee-for-service Medicare Part B and Part D drug claims in 2019.Beneficiaries enrolled in Medicare Part B and Part D plans.Medicare spending for drugs treating accelerated approved indications without full approval, beneficiary spending, and drug characteristics.In 2019, 45 drugs associated with 69 accelerated approved indications lacked full approval. Of those, the fee-for-service Medicare program spent $1.2 billion on 36 drugs across 55 indications. Medicare beneficiaries had $209 million in out-of-pocket spending on these drugs. Oncology drugs represented 82% of these indications and 72% of the Medicare spending. Extrapolating to Medicare Advantage, total Medicare spending on these drugs in 2019 was $1.8 billion.The study drugs may have clinical benefit and may come to receive full approval after this analysis. The algorithm used to identify accelerated approved indications is novel. Generalizability to other years is unclear.In 2019, fee-for-service Medicare spent $1.2 billion on accelerated approved drugs without full approval. Medicare should adjust incentives to encourage sponsors to complete confirmatory trials as soon as possible.Laura and John Arnold Foundation.
Transcription factor Acj6 controls dendrite targeting via a combinatorial cell-surface code
Authors: Qijing Xie, Jiefu Li, Hongjie Li, Namrata D. Udeshi, Tanya Svinkina, Daniel Orlin, Sayeh Kohani, Ricardo Guajardo, D.R. Mani, Chuanyun Xu, Tongchao Li, Shuo Han, Wei Wei, S. Andrew Shuster, David J. Luginbuhl, Stephen R. Quake, Swetha E. Murthy, Alice Y. Ting, Steven A. Carr, Liqun Luo
Journal: Neuron (2022)

Transcription factors specify the fate and connectivity of developing neurons. We investigate how a lineage-specific transcription factor, Acj6, controls the precise dendrite targeting of Drosophila olfactory projection neurons (PNs) by regulating the expression of cell-surface proteins. Quantitative cell-surface proteomic profiling of wild-type and acj6 mutant PNs in intact developing brains, and a proteome-informed genetic screen identified PN surface proteins that execute Acj6-regulated wiring decisions. These include canonical cell adhesion molecules and proteins previously not associated with wiring, such as Piezo, whose mechanosensitive ion channel activity is dispensable for its function in PN dendrite targeting. Comprehensive genetic analyses revealed that Acj6 employs unique sets of cell-surface proteins in different PN types for dendrite targeting. Combined expression of Acj6 wiring executors rescued acj6 mutant phenotypes with higher efficacy and breadth than expression of individual executors. Thus, Acj6 controls wiring specificity of different neuron types by specifying distinct combinatorial expression of cell-surface executors.
A systematic review of the impact of post-operative oral fluid intake on ileus following elective colorectal surgery
Authors: Emma MacVicar, Fraser Cullen, Stavroula L. Kastora, Craig Parnaby, Craig Mackay, George Ramsay
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2022)

Ileus (delayed return of bowel function after surgery) is one of the highest priority research questions in modern day colorectal practice. Current Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) guidance either does not include a specific recommendation for volume of postoperative oral fluids/foodstuffs or suggests ad-lib fluids. It is unclear if the volume of intake affects ileus rates. This systematic review aimed to determine the optimal fluid volume for patients to consume day one after elective colorectal surgery.The literature was searched across seven databases, September 23, 2020. Randomised controlled trials of adults undergoing elective colorectal surgery, comparing oral intake postoperatively were eligible for inclusion. Two blinded reviewers assessed papers with disagreements resolved by a third independent reviewer. Main outcomes were 'resolution of postoperative ileus' and 'length of hospital stay'. Secondary outcomes included vomiting, mortality and complications.Of 2175 screened papers, eight were eligible for inclusion. All studies gave a clear liquid diet postoperatively. The comparison groups followed a traditional nil-by-mouth approach. All studies showed a minor reduction in postoperative ileus and hospital stay in the intervention group, but we are unable to determine the optimal postoperative oral fluid volume. The low number and poor quality of studies was a significant limitation. None of the trials were conducted within an ERAS protocol: only 883 patients were included in total.From the current literature it is unclear how postoperative oral fluid volume intake affects gastrointestinal function and ileus in elective colorectal surgical patients. This remains an important area for further research.
Association between prurigo nodularis and substance use disorders
Authors: Matthew T. Taylor, Zachary A. Bordeaux, Junwen Deng, Varsha Parthasarathy, Waleed Adawi, Olusola O. Oladipo, Ali Alajmi, Kevin K. Lee, Melika Marani, Hannah Cornman, Anusha Kambala, Sylvie Gabriel, Shawn G. Kwatra
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)
Increased 68Ga-FAPI Uptake in Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
Authors: Xiao Yang, Hui Chen, Mengyu Li, Yue Chen, Huipan Liu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract A 47-year-old woman presented with a 6-month history of palpable masses in the right hip. The patient was subsequently enrolled in our clinical trial of 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT study on tumors. Intense 68 Ga-FAPI activities were noted in the right hip lesions, suggestive of malignancies. Pathological examination using tissue obtained on surgical resection rendered a diagnosis of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
Functional <i> <scp>CTLA</scp> ‐4 </i> variants associate to both allergic asthma and rhinitis potentially by modulating naïve regulatory T cells
Authors: Anand Kumar Andiappan, Kia Joo Puan, Yang Yie Sio, Fauziah Ally, Bernett Lee, Sri Anusha Matta, Nurhashikin Yusof, Anis Larbi, De Yun Wang, Fook Tim Chew, Olaf Rotzschke
Journal: Allergy (2022)

Appendix S1 Appendix S2 Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Donor T-cell DNMT3a regulates alloreactivity in murine models of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Yiouli P. Ktena, Michael A. Koldobskiy, Michael I. Barbato, Han-Hsuan Fu, Leo Luznik, Nicolas J. Llosa, Azeb Haile, Orly R. Klein, Chen Liu, Christopher J. Gamper, Kenneth R. Cooke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a) is an important part of the epigenetic machinery that stabilizes patterns of activated T cell responses. We hypothesized that donor T cell DNMT3a regulates alloreactivity after allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). T cell conditional Dnmt3a KO mice were used as donors in allo-BMT models. Mice receiving allo-BMT from KO donors developed severe acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), with increases in inflammatory cytokine levels and organ histopathology scores. KO T cells migrated and proliferated in secondary lymphoid organs earlier and demonstrated an advantage in trafficking to the small intestine. Donor T cell subsets were purified after BMT for whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and RNA-Seq. KO T cells had global methylation similar to that of WT cells, with distinct, localized areas of hypomethylation. Using a highly sensitive computational method, we produced a comprehensive profile of the altered epigenome landscape. Hypomethylation corresponded with changes in gene expression in several pathways of T cell signaling and differentiation. Additionally, Dnmt3a-KO T cells resulted in superior graft-versus-tumor activity. Our findings demonstrate a critical role for DNMT3a in regulating T cell alloreactivity and reveal pathways that control T cell tolerance. These results also provide a platform for deciphering clinical data that associate donor DNMT3a mutations with increased GVHD, decreased relapse, and improved survival.
Pneumorrhachis From Esophageal Perforation Due to Cervical Osteophyte
Authors: Stuart J. McCarter, Benjamin A. Johnson-Tesch
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Perspectives From the National Institutes of Health on Multidimensional Mental Health Disparities Research: A Framework for Advancing the Field
Authors: Jennifer L. Alvidrez, Crystal L. Barksdale
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2022)

Racial, ethnic, and other mental health disparities have been documented for several decades. However, progress in reducing or eliminating these disparities has been slow. In this review, the authors argue that understanding and addressing mental health disparities requires using a multidimensional lens that encompasses a wide array of social determinants of health at individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and societal levels. However, much of the current research on mental health disparities, including research funded by the National Institutes of Health, is characterized by a narrower focus on a small number of determinants. The authors offer a research framework, adapted from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Research Framework, that provides examples of determinants that may cause or sustain mental health disparities and that can serve as intervention targets to reduce those disparities. They also discuss different types of mental health disparities research to highlight the need for more research testing and implementing interventions that directly modify social determinants of health and promote mental health equity.
Congested: A Clinical Presentation of the Inferior Caval Vein Syndrome
Authors: Koen H. J. Bos, Marcel J. H. Ariës, Christiaan van der Leij, Samuel Heuts
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

"Congested: A Clinical Presentation of the Inferior Caval Vein Syndrome." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 206(5), pp. 625–627
Long COVID after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Ziyad Al-Aly, Benjamin Bowe, Yan Xie
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)

Abstract The post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection—also referred to as Long COVID—have been described, but whether breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection (BTI) in vaccinated people results in post-acute sequelae is not clear. In this study, we used the US Department of Veterans Affairs national healthcare databases to build a cohort of 33,940 individuals with BTI and several controls of people without evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including contemporary ( n = 4,983,491), historical ( n = 5,785,273) and vaccinated ( n = 2,566,369) controls. At 6 months after infection, we show that, beyond the first 30 days of illness, compared to contemporary controls, people with BTI exhibited a higher risk of death (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.59, 1.93) and incident post-acute sequelae (HR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.46, 1.54), including cardiovascular, coagulation and hematologic, gastrointestinal, kidney, mental health, metabolic, musculoskeletal and neurologic disorders. The results were consistent in comparisons versus the historical and vaccinated controls. Compared to people with SARS-CoV-2 infection who were not previously vaccinated ( n = 113,474), people with BTI exhibited lower risks of death (HR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.74) and incident post-acute sequelae (HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.89). Altogether, the findings suggest that vaccination before infection confers only partial protection in the post-acute phase of the disease; hence, reliance on it as a sole mitigation strategy may not optimally reduce long-term health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The findings emphasize the need for continued optimization of strategies for primary prevention of BTI and will guide development of post-acute care pathways for people with BTI.
Clinical features and management of human monkeypox: a retrospective observational study in the UK
Authors: Hugh Adler, Susan Gould, Paul Hine, Luke B Snell, Waison Wong, Catherine F Houlihan, Jane C Osborne, Tommy Rampling, Mike BJ Beadsworth, Christopher JA Duncan, Jake Dunning, Tom E Fletcher, Ewan R Hunter, Michael Jacobs, Saye H Khoo, William Newsholme, David Porter, Robert J Porter, Libuše Ratcliffe, Matthias L Schmid, Malcolm G Semple, Anne J Tunbridge, Tom Wingfield, Nicholas M Price, Mike Abouyannis, Asma Al-Balushi, Stephen Aston, Robert Ball, Nicholas J Beeching, Thomas J Blanchard, Ffion Carlin, Geraint Davies, Angela Gillespie, Scott R Hicks, Marie-Claire Hoyle, Chinenye Ilozue, Luke Mair, Suzanne Marshall, Anne Neary, Emmanuel Nsutebu, Samantha Parker, Hannah Ryan, Lance Turtle, Chris Smith, Jon van Aartsen, Naomi F Walker, Stephen Woolley, Anu Chawla, Ian Hart, Anna Smielewska, Elizabeth Joekes, Cathryn Benson, Cheryl Brindley, Urmi Das, Chin K Eyton-Chong, Claire Gnanalingham, Clare Halfhide, Beatriz Larru, Sarah Mayell, Joanna McBride, Claire Oliver, Princy Paul, Andrew Riordan, Lekha Sridhar, Megan Storey, Audrey Abdul, Jennifer Abrahamsen, Breda Athan, Sanjay Bhagani, Colin S Brown, Oliver Carpenter, Ian Cropley, Kerrie Frost, Susan Hopkins, Jessica Joyce, Lucy Lamb, Adrian Lyons, Tabitha Mahungu, Stephen Mepham, Edina Mukwaira, Alison Rodger, Caroline Taylor, Simon Warren, Alan Williams, Debbie Levitt, Denise Allen, Jill Dixon, Adam Evans, Pauline McNicholas, Brendan Payne, D Ashley Price, Uli Schwab, Allison Sykes, Yusri Taha, Margaret Ward, Marieke Emonts, Stephen Owens, Alina Botgros, Sam T Douthwaite, Anna Goodman, Akish Luintel, Eithne MacMahon, Gaia Nebbia, Geraldine O'Hara, Joseph Parsons, Ashwin Sen, Daniel Stevenson, Tadgh Sullivan, Usman Taj, Claire van Nipsen tot Pannerden, Helen Winslow, Ewa Zatyka, Ekene Alozie-Otuka, Csaba Beviz, Yusupha Ceesay, Latchmin Gargee, Morloh Kabia, Hannah Mitchell, Shona Perkins, Mingaile Sasson, Kamal Sehmbey, Federico Tabios, Neil Wigglesworth, Emma J Aarons, Tim Brooks, Matthew Dryden, Jenna Furneaux, Barry Gibney, Jennifer Small, Elizabeth Truelove, Clare E Warrell, Richard Firth, Gemma Hobson, Christopher Johnson, Alison Dewynter, Sebastian Nixon, Oliver Spence, Joachim J Bugert, Dennis E Hruby
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2022)

Cases of human monkeypox are rarely seen outside of west and central Africa. There are few data regarding viral kinetics or the duration of viral shedding and no licensed treatments. Two oral drugs, brincidofovir and tecovirimat, have been approved for treatment of smallpox and have demonstrated efficacy against monkeypox in animals. Our aim was to describe the longitudinal clinical course of monkeypox in a high-income setting, coupled with viral dynamics, and any adverse events related to novel antiviral therapies.
Repurposing of berbamine hydrochloride to inhibit Ebola virus by targeting viral glycoprotein
Authors: Dongrong Yi, Quanjie Li, Han Wang, Kai Lv, Ling Ma, Yujia Wang, Jing Wang, Yongxin Zhang, Mingliang Liu, Xiaoyu Li, Jianxun Qi, Yi Shi, George F. Gao, Shan Cen
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2022)

Ebola virus (EBOV) infection leads to staggeringly high mortality rate. Effective and low-cost treatments are urgently needed to control frequent EBOV outbreaks in Africa. In this study, we report that a natural compound called berbamine hydrochloride strongly inhibits EBOV replication in vitro and in vivo. Our work further showed that berbamine hydrochloride acts by directly binding to the cleaved EBOV glycoprotein (GPcl), disrupting GPcl interaction with viral receptor Niemann-Pick C1, thus blocking the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. Our data support the probability of developing anti-EBOV small molecule drugs by targeting viral GPcl. More importantly, since berbamine hydrochloride has been used in clinic to treat leukopenia, it holds great promise of being quickly repurposed as an anti-EBOV drug.
Adding GABA to Insulin Leads to New era in Type 1 Diabetes Management
Authors: Mahmoud Younis
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2022)

Introduction: Some risks factors associated with COVID-19 infections were established such as coronary artery disease in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections. The use of highly concentrated medications according to Arndt Schultz Law can induce reduction in the vital energy, leading to stagnation of Blood and propensity to have myocardial infarction even without arterial obstruction. Purpose: to demonstrate that patient with COVID-19 infection that received highly concentrated medications to treat this infection, have more propensity to develop myocardial infarction some days after the treatment instituted. Methods: through one case report of 42 years-old-male patient with history of acquired COVID-19 on January 2nd 2021. He was admitted in the hospital due to dyspnea symptoms, myalgia, and needs oxygenation. He received the medications, Ivermectin, Hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids. After 18 days of the initial manifestations, the patient felt pain in the chest and went to the hospital and they found that his troponin was increasing gradually and after two hours of it increased many times and the physician decided to admit him again in the hospital to make more exams. The patient was submitted to catheterization and the result of this procedure were that all his coronary were in perfect state of health without any obstruction and they treated him as he had myocardial infarction. After three months, the patient went to my clinic due to post herpetic neuralgia and also to evaluate his condition and I performed the chakras’ energy centers measurement. Results: the results of this chakras’ energy centers measurement revealed that all his chakras were in the lowest level of energy (rated in one) with exception of the seventh (that was normal, rated in eight). I began his treatment using homeopathies medications according to the theory Constitutional Homeopathy of the Five Elements based on Traditional Chinese Medicine. Conclusion; the conclusion of this study is that patients treated with highly concentrated medications to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection can develop myocardial infarction even without arterial obstruction due to energy deficiency state prior to this infection and aggravated many times with to the use of any type of highly concentrated medications to treat this kind of infection, because it will reduce the vital energy that was already very low before the infection and will cause stagnation of Blood in any part of the body, in this case, inside the coronary artery.