tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A matching‐adjusted indirect comparison of acalabrutinib versus zanubrutinib in relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Adam S. Kittai, Alan Skarbnik, Miguel Miranda, Alan S. M. Yong, Jack Roos, Robert Hettle, Sarah Palazuelos‐Munoz, Vikram Shetty, Paolo Ghia
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2023)

Video Abstract
Radioiodine‐131‐Labeled Theranostic Nanoparticles for Transarterial Radioembolization and Chemoembolization Combination Therapy of VX2 Liver Tumor
Authors: Guorong Jia, Tao Wang, Rou Li, Xiao Li, Gaofeng Sun, Wei Chen, Ye Peng, Chao Cheng, Jijin Yang, Changjing Zuo
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract In interventional treatment, materials are administered into the blood supply artery and directly delivered to tumors, offering proper scenarios for nanomedicine potential clinical applications. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and transarterial radioembolization (TARE) are effective treatment methods for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but postoperative residual tumor may result in intrahepatic recurrence and distant metastasis. The combination therapy of TACE and TARE based on multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) is expected to overcome the drug resistance in hypoxic tumors and improve the therapeutic effect. Herein, BaGdF 5 NPs are synthesized and then coated with polydopamine (PDA), conjugated with the chemotherapeutic drug cis‐diamminedichloride platinum (CDDP), radio‐labeled with therapeutic radionuclide 131 I, yielding 131 I‐BaGdF 5 @PDA‐CDDP NPs. The in vitro anti‐cancer effects of 131 I‐BaGdF 5 @PDA‐CDDP NPs are confirmed using CCK‐8 and γ‐H2AX assays in Huh7 cells. Mixed with Lipiodol, 131 I‐BaGdF 5 @PDA‐CDDP NPs are injected into the hepatic artery via a microcatheter to realize the TACE and TARE combination therapy in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model. The results indicate that glucose metabolism is clearly decreased based on 18 F‐FDG PET imaging and the apoptosis of tumor cells is increased. Furthermore, 131 I and BaGdF 5 NPs can be used for SPECT imaging and CT/MR imaging respectively, facilitating real‐time monitoring of the in vivo biodistribution of 131 I‐BaGdF 5 @PDA‐CDDP NPs.
Clinicians Doing Research Should Use Their Clinical Expertise to Help Study Participants
Authors: Afreen Abraham, Joshua Wolf
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:Researcher Obligations to Participants in Novel COVID-19 Vaccine Research DISCLOSURE STATEMENTJW received research support from Karius Inc, and Pfizer Inc. for investigator-initiated research, and participated in industry sponsored research from Astellas Inc, and Merck Inc.Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Publish with AUTOGEN or Perish? Some Pitfalls to Avoid in the Pursuit of Academic Enhancement via Personalized Large Language Models
Authors: Alexandre Erler
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:AUTOGEN: A Personalized Large Language Model for Academic Enhancement—Ethics and Proof of Principle Notes1 This may in turn imply a differential impact on highly interdisciplinary fields like Bioethics, which encompasses a wide variety of different approaches.2 I assume that even a fine-tuned LLM would need to have been trained mostly on writings other than the researcher’s own, if it is to prove useful for idea generation. Also, it is not clear that personalized LLMs can help avoid the homogenization problem with regards to thought as they can in relation to writing styles. Faithfully replicating a user’s reasoning and creative abilities seems significantly more challenging than merely replicating their way of writing. Achieving the former may entail crossing the key threshold of artificial general intelligence or AGI (Mclean et al. Citation2023).Additional informationFundingThe author reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Development and Validation of a Model to Quantify Injury Severity in Real Time
Authors: Jeff Choi, Edward B. Vendrow, Michael Moor, David A. Spain
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Quantifying injury severity is integral to trauma care benchmarking, decision-making, and research, yet the most prevalent metric to quantify injury severity-Injury Severity Score (ISS)- is impractical to use in real time.To develop and validate a practical model that uses a limited number of injury patterns to quantify injury severity in real time through 3 intuitive outcomes.In this cohort study for prediction model development and validation, training, development, and internal validation cohorts comprised 223 545, 74 514, and 74 514 admission encounters, respectively, of adults (age ≥18 years) with a primary diagnosis of traumatic injury hospitalized more than 2 days (2017-2018 National Inpatient Sample). The external validation cohort comprised 3855 adults admitted to a level I trauma center who met criteria for the 2 highest of the institution's 3 trauma activation levels.Three outcomes were hospital length of stay, probability of discharge disposition to a facility, and probability of inpatient mortality. The prediction performance metric for length of stay was mean absolute error. Prediction performance metrics for discharge disposition and inpatient mortality were average precision, precision, recall, specificity, F1 score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Calibration was evaluated using calibration plots. Shapley addictive explanations analysis and bee swarm plots facilitated model explainability analysis.The Length of Stay, Disposition, Mortality (LDM) Injury Index (the model) comprised a multitask deep learning model trained, developed, and internally validated on a data set of 372 573 traumatic injury encounters (mean [SD] age = 68.7 [19.3] years, 56.6% female). The model used 176 potential injuries to output 3 interpretable outcomes: the predicted hospital length of stay, probability of discharge to a facility, and probability of inpatient mortality. For the external validation set, the ISS predicted length of stay with mean absolute error was 4.16 (95% CI, 4.13-4.20) days. Compared with the ISS, the model had comparable external validation set discrimination performance (facility discharge AUROC: 0.67 [95% CI, 0.67-0.68] vs 0.65 [95% CI, 0.65-0.66]; recall: 0.59 [95% CI, 0.58-0.61] vs 0.59 [95% CI, 0.58-0.60]; specificity: 0.66 [95% CI, 0.66-0.66] vs 0.62 [95%CI, 0.60-0.63]; mortality AUROC: 0.83 [95% CI, 0.81-0.84] vs 0.82 [95% CI, 0.82-0.82]; recall: 0.74 [95% CI, 0.72-0.77] vs 0.75 [95% CI, 0.75-0.76]; specificity: 0.81 [95% CI, 0.81-0.81] vs 0.76 [95% CI, 0.75-0.77]). The model had excellent calibration for predicting facility discharge disposition, but overestimated inpatient mortality. Explainability analysis found the inputs influencing model predictions matched intuition.In this cohort study using a limited number of injury patterns, the model quantified injury severity using 3 intuitive outcomes. Further study is required to evaluate the model at scale.
The Hidden Costs of ChatGPT: A Call for Greater Transparency
Authors: Matthew Elmore
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article is referred to by:Generative-AI-Generated Challenges for Health Data Research DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Nonsuperiority of Standard Therapy Compared to Short-Course Therapy in Symptomatic UTIs
Authors: Marco Pennesi, Benedetta Puglisi, Egidio Barbi
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
“Large Language Models” Do Much More than Just Language: Some Bioethical Implications of Multi-Modal AI
Authors: Joshua August Skorburg, Kristina L. Kupferschmidt, Graham W. Taylor
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:What Should ChatGPT Mean for Bioethics?This article is referred to by:Generative-AI-Generated Challenges for Health Data Research DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Synaptic Oligomers and Glial Cells in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Lea Tenenholz Grinberg
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Neoantigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup>tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are potent effectors identified within adoptive cell therapy products for metastatic melanoma patients
Authors: MacLean S. Hall, Jamie K. Teer, Xiaoqing Yu, Holly Branthoover, Sebastian Snedal, Madeline Rodriguez-Valentin, Luz Nagle, Ellen Scott, Ben Schachner, Patrick Innamarato, Amy M. Hall, Jamie Blauvelt, Carolyn J. Rich, Allison D. Richards, Jake Ceccarelli, TJ Langer, Sean J. Yoder, Matthew S. Beatty, Cheryl A. Cox, Jane L. Messina, Daniel Abate-Daga, James J. Mule, John E. Mullinax, Amod A. Sarnaik, Shari Pilon-Thomas
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2023)

Background Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is a promising immunotherapeutic approach for patients with advanced solid tumors. While numerous advances have been made, the contribution of neoantigen-specific CD4 + T cells within TIL infusion products remains underexplored and therefore offers a significant opportunity for progress. Methods We analyzed infused TIL products from metastatic melanoma patients previously treated with ACT for the presence of neoantigen-specific T cells. TILs were enriched on reactivity to neoantigen peptides derived and prioritized from patient sample-directed mutanome analysis. Enriched TILs were further investigated to establish the clonal neoantigen response with respect to function, transcriptomics, and persistence following ACT. Results We discovered that neoantigen-specific TIL clones were predominantly CD4 + T cells and were present in both therapeutic responders and non-responders. CD4 + TIL demonstrated an effector T cell response with cytotoxicity toward autologous tumor in a major histocompatibility complex class II-dependent manner. These results were validated by paired TCR and single cell RNA sequencing, which elucidated transcriptomic profiles distinct to neoantigen-specific CD4 + TIL. Conclusions Despite methods which often focus on CD8+T cells, our study supports the importance of prospective identification of neoantigen-specific CD4 + T cells within TIL products as they are a potent source of tumor-specific effectors. We further advocate for the inclusion of neoantigen-specific CD4 + TIL in future ACT protocols as a strategy to improve antitumor immunity.
Sublingual immunotherapy decreases the avidity of antigen‐specific IgE in patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis
Authors: Keigo Nakamura, Hideaki Kouzaki, Takuya Murao, Kento Kawakita, Hiroyuki Arai, Koji Matsumoto, Yoshihito Kubo, Ichiro Tojima, Shino Shimizu, Yukiko Ogawa, Atsushi Yuta, Rika Sakai, Hitoshi Ohno, Hiroshi Kido, Takeshi Shimizu
Journal: Allergy (2023)

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Appendix S1 Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Is Academic Enhancement Possible by Means of Generative AI-Based Digital Twins?
Authors: Sven Nyholm
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:AUTOGEN: A Personalized Large Language Model for Academic Enhancement—Ethics and Proof of PrincipleThis article is referred to by:Generative-AI-Generated Challenges for Health Data Research DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 The idea of digital twins comes from engineering and healthcare. It refers to a digital model of a technology or a patient, which can be used to make customized or personalized predictions about the technology or the patient.2 https://youtu.be/xkOCQHSWMbI (accessed on 5 August 2023)3 https://towardsdatascience.com/llm-hallucinations-ec831dcd7786 (accessed on 6 August 5, 2023)4 https://www.aisnakeoil.com/p/chatgpt-is-a-bullshit-generator-but (accessed on 6 August 5, 2023)5 https://saulkripkecenter.org (accessed on 5 August 2023)6 Vold summarizes her views here: https://youtu.be/mIPE8RwK1_U (accessed on 5 August 2023)Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Novel insights into the whole-blood DNA methylome of asthma in ethnically diverse children and youth
Authors: Esther Herrera-Luis, Carlos Rosa-Baez, Scott Huntsman, Celeste Eng, Kenneth B. Beckman, Michael A. LeNoir, Jose R. Rodriguez-Santana, Jesús Villar, Catherine Laprise, Luisa N. Borrell, Elad Ziv, Esteban G. Burchard, Maria Pino-Yanes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2023)

Background The epigenetic mechanisms of asthma remain largely understudied in African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos, two populations disproportionately affected by asthma. We aimed to identify markers, regions and processes with differential patterns of DNA methylation (DNAm) in whole blood by asthma status in ethnically diverse children and youth, and to assess their functional consequences. Methods DNAm levels were profiled with the Infinium MethylationEPIC or HumanMethylation450 BeadChip arrays among 1226 African Americans or Hispanics/Latinos and assessed for differential methylation per asthma status at the CpG and region (differentially methylated region (DMR)) level. Novel associations were validated in blood and/or nasal epithelium from ethnically diverse children and youth. The functional and biological implications of the markers identified were investigated by combining epigenomics with transcriptomics from study participants. Results 128 CpGs and 196 DMRs were differentially methylated after multiple testing corrections, including 92.3% and 92.8% novel associations, respectively. 41 CpGs were replicated in other Hispanics/Latinos, prioritising cg17647904 ( NCOR2 ) and cg16412914 ( AXIN1 ) as asthma DNAm markers. Significant DNAm markers were enriched in previous associations for asthma, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, bacterial infections, immune regulation or eosinophilia. Functional annotation highlighted epigenetically regulated gene networks involved in corticosteroid response, host defence and immune regulation. Several implicated genes are targets for approved or experimental drugs, including TNNC1 and NDUFA12 . Many differentially methylated loci previously associated with asthma were validated in our study. Conclusions We report novel whole-blood DNAm markers for asthma underlying key processes of the disease pathophysiology and confirm the transferability of previous asthma DNAm associations to ethnically diverse populations.
Follow-Up Timing After Discharge and Suicide Risk Among Patients Hospitalized With Psychiatric Illness
Authors: Song Ee Che, Yeong Geun Gwon, Kyoung-Hoon Kim
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Although early outpatient follow-up after psychiatric inpatient discharge may prevent suicide, the association between early follow-up care and a reduced risk of suicide after discharge has not been fully explored.To investigate outpatient follow-up care after psychiatric inpatient discharge and determine whether the timing of the first outpatient follow-up is associated with a reduced risk of suicide.This population-based, retrospective cohort study used the National Health Claim Database from 2017 to 2018 in Korea. Patients were observed until December 31, 2021, to confirm the occurrence of suicide. The study population included all patients aged 18 years or older who were newly admitted to hospitals with psychiatric illness except for dementia from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018. Statistical analysis was performed from January to May 2023.The timing of the first mental health outpatient care follow-up within 30 days after discharge.The outcome of interest was suicide after hospital discharge. The timing of the first follow-up visit was observed within 30 days after discharge. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to explore the association between the risk of suicide and the timing of outpatient follow-up.Of the 76 462 patients admitted to hospitals from 2017 to 2018, 225 (52.6%) were male; 21 313 (27.9%) had a primary diagnosis of substance use disorder, 17 608 (23.0%) had schizophrenia, and 15 018 (19.6) had depression; mean (SD) age was 46.4 (16.3) years. A total of 49 319 patients (64.5%) received follow-up outpatient care within 30 days of discharge. The mean (SD) follow-up period was 30.8 (20.2) months, and 1536 patients died of suicide during the study period. The hazard ratio for suicide risk in patients who received outpatient care within 7 days compared with those who did not receive any care within 30 days after discharge was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.80-0.83). The earlier the time of outpatient follow-up care, the lower the risk of suicide for those with substance use disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression.In this cohort study of patients with psychiatric illness, early follow-up outpatient care after discharge was associated with a lower risk of suicide. These results suggest that those at high risk of suicide during hospitalization need intensive follow-up immediately after discharge.
How fish consumption prevents the development of Major Depressive Disorder? A comprehensive review of the interplay between n-3 PUFAs, LTP and BDNF
Authors: Łukasz Kołodziej, Piotr Lech Czarny, Sylwia Ziółkowska, Katarzyna Białek, Janusz Szemraj, Piotr Gałecki, Kuan-Pin Su, Tomasz Śliwiński
Journal: Progress in Lipid Research (2023)

MDD (major depressive disorder) is a highly prevalent mental disorder with a complex etiology involving behavioral and neurochemical factors as well as environmental stress. The interindividual variability in response to stress stimuli may be explained by processes such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). LTP can be described as the strengthening of synaptic transmission, which translates into more efficient cognitive performance and is regulated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein responsible for promoting neural growth. It is found in high concentrations in the hippocampus, a part of the limbic system which is far less active in people with MDD. Omega-3 fatty acids like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) not only contribute to structural and antioxidative functions but are essential for the maintenance of LTP and stable BDNF levels. This review explores the mechanisms and potential roles of omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of MDD.
On intuitive versus institutional accounts of ownership
Authors: Aidan Feeney, Robin Hickey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract We contrast Boyer's intuitive account of ownership with formal legal accounts based on institutions of ownership. Boyer's emphasis on social aspects of ownership intuitions may have a bearing on recent arguments that property institutions are justified by their capacity to promote human flourishing. Moreover, Boyer's account of property intuitions facilitates the study of acquisition and mental representation of formal ownership concepts.
Similarity and the coordination of ownership
Authors: David J. Grüning, Joachim I. Krueger
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract We discuss and expand Boyer's idea of ownership coordination. Interpersonal similarity, we suggest, can moderate the attainment of coordination: Perceived similarity predicts coordination costs, whereas actual similarity dictates coordination success and the severity of illusory assumptions regarding a shared understanding of ownership. The example of similarity highlights the complexity of the social projection process uncritically assumed behind ownership coordination.
How the minimalist model of ownership psychology can aid in explaining moral behaviors under resource constraints
Authors: Panagiotis Mitkidis, Christian T. Elbaek
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract The model of ownership psychology as a cognitive adaptation proposes that people flexibly navigate cognitive systems of cooperation and competition, thus enabling them to justify unethical behavior. We discuss how this model captures previous accounts of unethical behavior and propose that a disengagement heuristic can help us understand recent findings in the interconnection between scarcity psychology and unethical behavior.
Not by intuitions alone: Institutions shape our ownership behaviour
Authors: Reka Blazsek, Christophe Heintz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract Every day, people make decisions about who owns what. What cognitive processes produce this? The target article emphasises the role of biologically evolved intuitions about competition and cooperation. We elaborate the role of cultural evolutionary processes for solving coordination problems. A model based fully on biological evolution misses important insights for explaining the arbitrariness and historical contingency in ownership beliefs.