tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Simulated Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer Surgery at the Highest-Performing vs Chosen Local Hospitals
Authors: Caitlin B. Finn, Chris Wirtalla, Sanford E. Roberts, Karole Collier, Shivan J. Mehta, Carmen E. Guerra, Edoardo Airoldi, Xu Zhang, Luke Keele, Cary B. Aarons, Shane T. Jensen, Rachel R. Kelz
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Variation in outcomes across hospitals adversely affects surgical patients. The use of high-quality hospitals varies by population, which may contribute to surgical disparities.To simulate the implications of data-driven hospital selection for social welfare among patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery.This economic evaluation used the hospital inpatient file from the Florida Agency for Health Care Administration. Surgical outcomes of patients who were treated between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018 (training cohort), were used to estimate hospital performance. Costs and benefits of care at alternative hospitals were assessed in patients who were treated between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2019 (testing cohort). The cohorts comprised patients 18 years or older who underwent elective colorectal resection for benign or malignant neoplasms. Data were analyzed from March to October 2022.Using hierarchical logistic regression, we estimated the implications of hospital selection for in-hospital mortality risk in patients in the training cohort. These estimates were applied to patients in the testing cohort using bayesian simulations to compare outcomes at each patient's highest-performing and chosen local hospitals. Analyses were stratified by race and ethnicity to evaluate the potential implications for equity.The primary outcome was the mean patient-level change in social welfare, a composite measure balancing the value of reduced mortality with associated costs of care at higher-performing hospitals.A total of 21 098 patients (mean [SD] age, 67.3 [12.0] years; 10 782 males [51.1%]; 2232 Black [10.6%] and 18 866 White [89.4%] individuals) who were treated at 178 hospitals were included. A higher-quality local hospital was identified for 3057 of 5000 patients (61.1%) in the testing cohort. Selecting the highest-performing hospital was associated with a 26.5% (95% CI, 24.5%-29.0%) relative reduction and 0.24% (95% CI, 0.23%-0.25%) absolute reduction in mortality risk. A mean amount of $1953 (95% CI, $1744-$2162) was gained in social welfare per patient treated. Simulated reassignment to a higher-quality local hospital was associated with a 23.5% (95% CI, 19.3%-32.9%) relative reduction and 0.26% (95% CI, 0.21%-0.30%) absolute reduction in mortality risk for Black patients, with $2427 (95% CI, $1697-$3158) gained in social welfare.In this economic evaluation, using procedure-specific hospital performance as the primary factor in the selection of a local hospital for colorectal cancer surgery was associated with improved outcomes for both patients and society. Surgical outcomes data can be used to transform care and guide policy in colorectal cancer.
A Further Step Toward Meaningful Trial Outcomes for Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Minimal Important Difference in 6-minute-walk Distance
Authors: Silvia Ulrich
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

"A Further Step Towards Meaningful Trial Outcomes for PAH-Patients – Minimal Important Difference in 6-Minute Walk Distance." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp. –
Lung Ultrasound Prediction Model for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Marry R. Smit, Laura A. Hagens, Nanon F. L. Heijnen, Luigi Pisani, Thomas G. V. Cherpanath, Dave A. Dongelmans, Harm-Jan S. de Grooth, Charalampos Pierrakos, Pieter Roel Tuinman, Claudio Zimatore, Frederique Paulus, Ronny M. Schnabel, Marcus J. Schultz, Dennis C. J. J. Bergmans, Lieuwe D. J. Bos, Lieuwe D. J. Bos, Laura A. Hagens, Marcus J. Schultz, Marry R. Smit, Fleur L. I. M. van der Ven, Dennis C. J. J. Bergmans, Hester A. Gietema, Suzanne C. Gerretsen, Nanon F. L. Heijnen, Ronny M. Schnabel, Inge Geven, Tamara M. E. Nijsen, Alwin R. M. Verschueren
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

Rationale: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a promising tool for diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but adequately sized studies with external validation are lacking. Objectives: To develop and validate a data-driven LUS score for diagnosis of ARDS and compare its performance with that of chest radiography (CXR). Methods: This multicenter prospective observational study included invasively ventilated ICU patients who were divided into a derivation cohort and a validation cohort. Three raters scored ARDS according to the Berlin criteria, resulting in a classification of "certain no ARDS," or "certain ARDS" when experts agreed or "uncertain ARDS" when evaluations conflicted. Uncertain cases were classified in a consensus meeting. Results of a 12-region LUS exam were used in a logistic regression model to develop the LUS-ARDS score. Measurements and Main Results: Three hundred twenty-four (16% certain ARDS) and 129 (34% certain ARDS) patients were included in the derivation cohort and the validation cohort, respectively. With an ARDS diagnosis by the expert panel as the reference test, the LUS-ARDS score, including the left and right LUS aeration scores and anterolateral pleural line abnormalities, had an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85-0.95) in certain patients of the derivation cohort and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.72-0.87) in all patients of the validation cohort. Within patients who had imaging-gold standard chest computed tomography available, diagnostic accuracy of eight independent CXR readers followed the ROC curve of the LUS-ARDS score. Conclusions: The LUS-ARDS score can be used to accurately diagnose ARDS also after external validation. The LUS-ARDS score may be a useful adjunct to a diagnosis of ARDS after further validation, as it showed performance comparable with that of the current practice with experienced CXR readers but more objectifiable diagnostic accuracy at each cutoff.
Long-term Outcomes After Rituximab Treatment for Patients With Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Ai Kuzumi, Satoshi Ebata, Takemichi Fukasawa, Kazuki M. Matsuda, Hirohito Kotani, Asako Yoshizaki-Ogawa, Shinichi Sato, Ayumi Yoshizaki
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2023)

Rituximab is emerging as a promising therapeutic option for systemic sclerosis (SSc), but its long-term outcomes and response markers are unknown.
Five-Year Clinical Outcomes after Neoadjuvant Nivolumab in Resectable Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Samuel Rosner, Joshua E. Reuss, Marianna Zahurak, Jiajia Zhang, Zhen Zeng, Janis Taube, Valsamo Anagnostou, Kellie N. Smith, Joanne Riemer, Peter B. Illei, Stephen R. Broderick, David R. Jones, Suzanne L. Topalian, Drew M. Pardoll, Julie R. Brahmer, Jamie E. Chaft, Patrick M. Forde
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy has shown promise for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We reported the first phase I/II trial of neoadjuvant nivolumab in resectable NSCLC, finding it to be safe and feasible with encouraging major pathological responses (MPR). We now present 5-year clinical outcomes from this trial, representing to our knowledge, the longest follow-up data for neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 in any cancer type.Two doses of nivolumab (3 mg/kg) were administered for 4 weeks before surgery to 21 patients with Stage I-IIIA NSCLC. 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and associations with MPR and PD-L1, were evaluated.With a median follow-up of 63 months, 5-year RFS and OS rates were 60% and 80%, respectively. The presence of MPR and pre-treatment tumor PD-L1 positivity (TPS ≥1%) each trended toward favorable RFS; HR, 0.61 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.15-2.44] and HR, 0.36 (95% CI, 0.07-1.85), respectively. At 5-year follow-up, 8 of 9 (89%) patients with MPR were alive and disease-free. There were no cancer-related deaths among patients with MPR. In contrast, 6/11 patients without MPR experienced tumor relapse, and 3 died.Five-year clinical outcomes for neoadjuvant nivolumab in resectable NSCLC compare favorably with historical outcomes. MPR and PD-L1 positivity trended toward improved RFS, though definitive conclusions are limited by cohort size.
Incidental Detection of Bradycardia by Implantable Loop Recorders—Unintended Consequences
Authors: Mark H. Schoenfeld, Kristen K. Patton
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Correspondence on Letter regarding “Long-term prognosis and the need for histologic assessment of chronic hepatitis B in the serological immune tolerant phase”
Authors: Jeong-Ju Yoo, Sang Gyune Kim
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2023)

See the Original "Letter regarding "Long-term prognosis and the need for histologic assessment of chronic hepatitis B in the serological immune-tolerant phase"" on page 510.
Marburg Vaccine Safe, Immunogenic in Phase 1 Trial
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zachary J. Brown, Diamantis I. Tsilimigras, Samantha M. Ruff, Alireza Mohseni, Ihab R. Kamel, Jordan M. Cloyd, Timothy M. Pawlik
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy and fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Recent advances in systemic and locoregional therapies have led to changes in many guidelines regarding systemic therapy, as well as the possibility to downstage patients to undergo resection. This review examines the advances in surgical and medical therapies relative to multidisciplinary treatment strategies for HCC.HCC is a major health problem worldwide. The obesity epidemic has made nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a major risk factor for the development of HCC. Multiple societies, such as the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, the European Association for the Study of the Liver, the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver, and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, provide guidelines for screening at-risk patients, as well as define staging systems to guide optimal treatment strategies. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system is widely accepted and has recently undergone updates with the introduction of new systemic therapies and stage migration.The treatment of patients with HCC should involve a multidisciplinary approach with collaboration among surgeons, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, and interventional radiologists to provide optimal care. Treatment paradigms must consider both tumor and patient-related factors such as extent of liver disease, which is a main driver of morbidity and mortality. The advent of more effective systemic and locoregional therapies has prolonged survival among patients with advanced disease and allowed some patients to undergo surgical intervention who would otherwise have disease considered unresectable.
Error in Conflict of Interest Disclosures
Authors: Juliana Kim, Stephanie Savory, Shadmehr Demehri, Jennifer Gill
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2023)

Both patients had temporary mild-to-moderate skin irritation but no systemic adverse effects.Use of topical calcipotriol plus fluorouracil in quarterly pulse treatments is, to our knowledge, an unreported strategy that may be more effective and easier to use than traditional therapies.While our initial findings are limited to these 2 patients, we propose its consideration as a prophylactic regimen for patients with XP in addition to other high-risk populations.
Development of hepatocellular carcinoma in treated and untreated patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Chih-Lin Lin, Jia-Horng Kao
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2023)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is responsible for more than 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in HBV hyperendemic areas, such as the Asia-Pacific region. Several hepatitis B viral factors are involved in HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatitis B viral load is the most important risk factor of HCC development. In addition, HBV integration, HBV genotype C, and core-promoter mutations are also associated with a risk of HCC development. For untreated chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, the estimated HCC incidence rates per 100 patient-years were 0.03-0.17 in inactive carriers, 0.07-0.42 in asymptomatic carriers, 0.12-0.49 in chronic hepatitis, and 2.03-3.37 in cirrhosis. Complementary to HBV DNA, serum levels of the hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) can predict the occurrence of HCC for untreated patients with low and intermediate viral loads, respectively. For patients receiving antiviral therapy, the risks of HCC occurrence 40-60% lower than those for untreated patients. Patients treated with residual detectable HBV DNA or intrahepatic cccDNA still have a risk of HCC. Serum levels of HBcrAg, M2BPGi and fibrosis-4 are predictive of the risk of HCC development in treated patients. Several well-developed HCC risk scores can help clinicians identify high-risk CHB patients for HCC surveillance, regardless of treatment status. These strategies can help minimize the threat of HCC and prolong survival in CHB patients.
Which patients with atopic eczema and psoriasis develop depression, anxiety and severe mental illness: is the evidence clear?
Authors: Laura von Kobyletzki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Journal Article Which patients with atopic eczema and psoriasis develop depression, anxiety and severe mental illness: is the evidence clear? Get access Laura von Kobyletzki Laura von Kobyletzki Conceptualization, Methodology Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University Centre for Clinical Research, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden Correspondence: Laura von Kobyletzki. Email: laura.von_kobyletzki@med.lu.se Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 188, Issue 4, April 2023, Pages 458–459, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljad009 Published: 15 February 2023 Article history Received: 10 January 2023 Revision received: 15 January 2023 Published: 15 February 2023 Corrected and typeset: 27 February 2023
Aberrant fucosylation sustains the NOTCH and EGFR/NF-κB pathways and has a prognostic value in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Cindy E. Ament, Sara Steinmann, Katja Evert, Giovanni M. Pes, Silvia Ribback, Isabella Gigante, Elena Pizzuto, Jesus M. Banales, Pedro M. Rodrigues, Paula Olaizola, Haichuan Wang, Gianluigi Giannelli, Xin Chen, Matthias Evert, Diego F. Calvisi
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

Background and Aims: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a lethal malignancy, with increasing incidence worldwide and limited therapeutic options. Aberrant protein glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer. Here, we thoroughly investigated the possible involvement of fucosylation in cholangiocarcinogenesis. Approach and Results: We discovered that the levels of global fucosylation and members of the fucosylation pathway are ubiquitously upregulated in human iCCA tissues compared to nontumorous surrounding livers and normal biliary cells. In addition, total fucosylation levels correlate with poor patients’ prognosis. Furthermore, fucosylation inhibition following 6-alkynylfucose (6AF) administration triggered a dose-dependent decrease in the proliferation and migration of iCCA cell lines. Notably, adding fucose to the cell medium annulled these effects. At the molecular level, 6AF administration or small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of GDP-L-fucose synthetase (FX) and the GDP-fucose transmembrane transporter (SLC35C1), both pivotal players of cellular fucosylation, decreased NOTCH activity, NOTCH1/Jagged1 interaction, NOTCH receptors, and related target genes in iCCA cell lines. In the same cells, EGFR, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells p65, and Bcl-xL protein levels diminished, whereas IκBα (a critical cellular NF-κB inhibitor) increased after FX/SLC35C1 knockdown or 6AF administration. In the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, 6AF treatment profoundly suppresses the growth of iCCA cells. Conclusions: Elevated global fucosylation characterizes human iCCA, contributing to cell growth and migration through the upregulation of the NOTCH and EGFR/NF-κB pathways. Thus, aberrant fucosylation is a novel pathogenetic player and a potential therapeutic target for human iCCA.
Is Faster Transport Time Really Associated With Decreased Firearm Injury Mortality?—Reply
Authors: James P. Byrne, Mark J. Seamon
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Intratumoral CD16+ Macrophages Are Associated with Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Metastatic Melanoma Treated with Combination Anti-PD-1 and Anti-CTLA-4 Therapy
Authors: Hansol Lee, Angela L. Ferguson, Camelia Quek, Ismael A. Vergara, Ines Pires daSilva, Ruth Allen, Tuba Nur Gide, Jordan W. Conway, Lambros T. Koufariotis, Nicholas K. Hayward, Nicola Waddell, Matteo S. Carlino, Alexander M. Menzies, Robyn P.M. Saw, Elena Shklovskaya, Helen Rizos, Serigne Lo, Richard A. Scolyer, Georgina V. Long, Umaimainthan Palendira, James S. Wilmott
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

Abstract Purpose: This study characterizes intratumoral macrophage populations within baseline melanoma biopsies from patients with advanced melanoma who received either anti-PD-1 monotherapy or a combination with anti-CTLA-4. Particularly, FcγRIIIa (CD16)-expressing macrophage densities were investigated for associations with response and progression-free survival. Experimental Design: Patients with advanced melanoma who received either anti-PD-1 monotherapy or combination anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 were retrospectively identified. Macrophage populations were analyzed within baseline melanoma biopsies via multiplex IHC in relation to treatment outcomes. Results: Patients who responded to combination immune checkpoint inhibitor contained higher CD16+ macrophage densities than those who did not respond (196 vs. 7 cells/mm2; P = 0.0041). There was no diffidence in CD16+ macrophage densities in the PD-1 monotherapy-treated patients based on response (118 vs. 89 cells/mm2; P = 0.29). A significantly longer 3-year progression-free survival was observed in combination-treated patients with high intratumoral densities of CD16+ macrophages compared with those with low densities (87% vs. 42%, P = 0.0056, n = 40). No association was observed in anti-PD-1 monotherapy-treated patients (50% vs. 47%, P = 0.4636, n = 50). Melanoma biopsies with high densities of CD16+ macrophages contained upregulated gene expression of critical T-cell recruiting chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11). Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that tumor microenvironments enriched with CD16+ macrophages are favorable for response to combination anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy but not anti-PD-1 monotherapy. These data provides a potential biomarker of response for combination immunotherapies in patients with metastatic melanoma. See related commentary by Smithy and Luke, p. 2345