tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Even simple framing effects are rational
Authors: Stephen J. Flusberg, Paul H. Thibodeau, Kevin J. Holmes
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract Bermúdez persuasively argues that framing effects are not as irrational as commonly supposed. In focusing on the reasoning of individual decision-makers in complex situations, however, he neglects the crucial role of the social-communicative context for eliciting certain framing effects. We contend that many framing effects are best explained in terms of basic, rational principles of discourse processing and pragmatic reasoning.
A reputational perspective on rational framing effects
Authors: Charles Adam Dorison
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract To assess whether behaviors like framing effects are rational, researchers need to consider decision makers' goals. I argue that researchers should broaden the scope of analysis to include impression management goals. Under predictable conditions, behaviors traditionally considered irrational (e.g., loss–gain framing effects on risk preferences) can be reputationally rewarding, casting doubt on strict claims of irrationality.
Violet Phosphorus Nanosheet: A Biocompatible and Stable Platform for Stimuli‐Responsive Multimodal Cancer Phototherapy
Authors: Chen Zhao, Xiao Han, Shanshan Wang, ZhenYi Pan, Xiaoying Tang, Zhenqi Jiang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

As a functional 2D material, black phosphorus (BP) has garnered wide attention from many researchers in recent years. BP has a wide NIR absorption window and is a promising candidate for cancer phototherapy including photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, due to its rapid degradation and short shelf-life in conventional water, the application of BP in the field of cancer therapy is limited. Violet phosphorus (VP), the more stable allotrope of phosphorus, has not yet been investigated for its function and biological application. In this study, VP nanosheets are successfully fabricated by liquid-phase exfoliation and demonstrated that their shelf-life in deionized water could be as long as 10 days, which is much longer than that of BP. Through in vivo and in vitro experiments, the PDT, PTT, and catalytic therapeutic effects of VP, as well as its excellent biosafety for the first time are shown. VP effectively inhibits tumor growth without causing major side effects. The current study provides new ideas and strategies for the biological application of 2D sheets of phosphorus isotope and lays the foundation for further studies on exploring the biomedical application of phosphorus isotopes.
Macrophage depletion blocks congenital SARM1-dependent neuropathy
Authors: Caitlin B. Dingwall, Amy Strickland, Sabrina W. Yum, Aldrin K.Y. Yim, Jian Zhu, Peter L. Wang, Yurie Yamada, Robert E. Schmidt, Yo Sasaki, A. Joseph Bloom, Aaron DiAntonio, Jeffrey Milbrandt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

Axon loss contributes to many common neurodegenerative disorders. In healthy axons, the axon survival factor NMNAT2 inhibits SARM1, the central executioner of programmed axon degeneration. We identified 2 rare NMNAT2 missense variants in 2 brothers afflicted with a progressive neuropathy syndrome. The polymorphisms resulted in amino acid substitutions V98M and R232Q, which reduced NMNAT2 NAD+-synthetase activity. We generated a mouse model to mirror the human syndrome and found that Nmnat2V98M/R232Q compound-heterozygous CRISPR mice survived to adulthood but developed progressive motor dysfunction, peripheral axon loss, and macrophage infiltration. These disease phenotypes were all SARM1-dependent. Remarkably, macrophage depletion therapy blocked and reversed neuropathic phenotypes in Nmnat2V98M/R232Q mice, identifying a SARM1-dependent neuroimmune mechanism as a key driver of disease pathogenesis. These findings demonstrate that SARM1 induced inflammatory neuropathy and highlight the potential of immune therapy as a treatment for this rare syndrome and other neurodegenerative conditions associated with NMNAT2 loss and SARM1 activation.
Factors Associated With Dermatologic Follow-up vs Emergency Department Return in Patients With Hidradenitis Suppurativa After an Initial Emergency Department Visit
Authors: Cynthia X. Wang, Joanna L. Buss, Matthew Keller, Milan J. Anadkat
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

Emergency department (ED) visitation is common for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), whereas dermatology outpatient care is low. The reasons underlying this differential follow-up have not been elucidated.To assess the interventions and patient factors associated with ED return following an initial ED visit for HS.This retrospective cohort study used data from the IBM® MarketScan® Commercial and Multi-State Medicaid databases (trademark symbols retained per database owner requirement). An HS cohort was formed from patients who had 2 or more claims for HS during the study period of 2010 to 2019 and with at least 1 ED visit for their HS or a defined proxy. Data were analyzed from November 2021 to May 2022.Factors analyzed included those associated with the ED visit and patient characteristics.Primary outcomes were return to the ED or dermatology outpatient follow-up for HS or related proxy within 30 or 180 days of index ED visit.This retrospective cohort study included 20 269 patients with HS (median [IQR] age, 32 [25-41] years; 16 804 [82.9%] female patients), of which 7455 (36.8%) had commercial insurance and 12 814 (63.2%) had Medicaid. A total of 9737 (48.0%) patients had incision and drainage performed at the index ED visit, 14 725 (72.6%) received an oral antibiotic prescription, and 9913 (48.9%) received an opioid medication prescription. A total of 3484 (17.2%) patients had at least 1 return ED visit for HS or proxy within 30 days, in contrast with 483 (2.4%) who had a dermatology visit (P < .001). Likewise, 6893 (34.0%) patients had a return ED visit for HS or proxy within 180 days, as opposed to 1374 (6.8%) with a dermatology visit (P < .001). Patients with Medicaid and patients who had an opioid prescribed were more likely to return to the ED for treatment of their disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.48; 95% CI, 1.38-1.58; and OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.39-1.58, respectively, within 180 days) and, conversely, less likely to have dermatology follow-up (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.14-0.18; and OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71-0.91, respectively, within 180 days).This cohort study suggests that many patients with HS frequent the ED for their disease but are not subsequently seen in the dermatology clinic for ongoing care. The findings in this study raise the opportunity for cross-specialty interventions that could be implemented to better connect patients with HS to longitudinal care.
Targeting tumour-intrinsic N<sup>7</sup>-methylguanosine tRNA modification inhibits MDSC recruitment and improves anti-PD-1 efficacy
Authors: Haining Liu, Xuezhen Zeng, Xuxin Ren, Yifan Zhang, Manling Huang, Li Tan, Zihao Dai, Jiaming Lai, Wenxuan Xie, Zebin Chen, Sui Peng, Lixia Xu, Shuling Chen, Shunli Shen, Ming Kuang, Shuibin Lin
Journal: Gut (2022)

Objective Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) exhibits very low response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. We investigate the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) of ICCs and the underlying regulatory mechanisms with the aim of developing new target to inhibit tumour growth and improve anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) efficacy. Design Tumour tissues from patients with ICC together with hydrodynamic ICC mouse models were employed to identify the key cell population in TIME of ICCs. Functional analysis and mechanism studies were performed using cell culture, conditional knockout mouse model and hydrodynamic transfection ICC model. The efficacy of single or combined therapy with anti-PD-1 antibody, gene knockout and chemical inhibitor were evaluated in vivo. Results Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) are enriched in advanced ICCs and significantly correlated with N 7 -methylguanosine tRNA methyltransferase METTL1. Using diverse in vivo cancer models, we demonstrate the crucial immunomodulator function of METTL1 in regulation of PMN-MDSC accumulation in TIME and ICC progression. Mechanistically, CXCL8 in human and Cxcl5 in mouse are key translational targets of METTL1 that facilitate its function in promoting PMN-MDSC accumulation in TIME and ICC progression in vivo. Co-blockade of METTL1 and its downstream chemokine pathway enhances the anti-PD-1 efficacy in ICC preclinical mouse models. Conclusions Our data uncover novel mechanisms underlying chemokine regulation and TIME shaping at the layer of messenger RNA translation level and provide new insights for development of efficient cancer immunotherapeutic strategies.
Four frames and a funeral: Commentary on Bermúdez (2022)
Authors: Carsten K. W. De Dreu
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

There is much to like in Bermúdez's analysis, yet it is incomplete and at times problematic for social decision making and, by extension, interpersonal conflict. Here I explain how four frames - gains, losses, me, we - operate in conjunction and how humans gravitate toward a "me-loss" frame that, without intervention, leads to a breakdown of cooperation and an arguably tragic funeral of the commons.
Icosapent Ethyl Supplementation and Cardiovascular Prevention—Implications of Evolving Data
Authors: John T. Wilkins, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2022)

This Viewpoint discusses the findings of the Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With Icosapent Ethyl Intervention Trial regarding the use of icosapent ethyl in moderate- to high-risk patients with fasting triglyceride levels greater than 135 mg/dL.
Controlled Delivery of Corticosteroids Using Tunable Tough Adhesives
Authors: Esther Koh, Benjamin R Freedman, Farshad Ramazani, Johannes Gross, Adam Graham, Andreas Kuttler, Eckhard Weber, David J Mooney
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Hydrogel-based drug delivery systems typically aim to release drugs locally to tissue in an extended manner. Tissue adhesive alginate-polyacrylamide tough hydrogels are recently demonstrated to serve as an extended-release system for the corticosteroid triamcinolone acetonide. Here, the stimuli-responsive controlled release of triamcinolone acetonide from the alginate-polyacrylamide tough hydrogel drug delivery systems (TADDS) and evolving new approaches to combine alginate-polyacrylamide tough hydrogel with drug-loaded nano and microparticles, generating composite TADDS is described. Stimulation with ultrasound pulses or temperature changes is demonstrated to control the release of triamcinolone acetonide from the TADDS. The incorporation of laponite nanoparticles or PLGA microparticles into the tough hydrogel is shown to further enhance the versatility to control and modulate the release of triamcinolone acetonide. A first technical exploration of a TADDS shelf-life concept is performed using lyophilization, where lyophilized TADDS are physically stable and the bioactive integrity of released triamcinolone acetonide is demonstrated. Given the tunability of properties, the TADDS are a suggested technology platform for controlled drug delivery.
Quasi-cyclical preferences in the ethics of Plato, Aristotle, and Kant
Authors: Adam J Roberts
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract Bermúdez describes the extensionality principle as being “almost unquestioned.” This claim might come as a surprise to philosophers who work on agency and ethics. In Kantian deontological ethics and in Platonic or Aristotelian virtue ethics, our preferences for outcomes can be rationally affected by how those outcomes are framed in terms of maxims and character traits.
Evaluation of Hidradenitis Suppurativa Diagnostic Criteria in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Nicole W. Kittler, Jazzmin C. Williams, Margaret V. Kudlinski, Jenna Lester, Nancy Hills, Katrina Abuabara, Haley B. Naik
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with considerable diagnostic delay. Although most patients report adolescent onset, existing HS diagnostic criteria may not adequately capture disease in pediatric populations.To determine the proportion of physician-diagnosed pediatric patients with HS who met diagnostic criteria, and describe demographics, disease characteristics, and diagnostic patterns among pediatric patients with HS.In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, electronic medical records from 2 sites of a single academic tertiary care center were included. Eligible patients were those born after January 1, 1993, and assigned International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revisions (ICD-9/10) codes for HS (ICD-9 705.83/ICD-10 L73.2) between January 1, 2012, and July 1, 2021. Patients were excluded if they were older than 18 years at diagnosis, had inaccessible diagnostic visit notes, or were unintentionally assigned an HS ICD code.Pediatric patients with HS.Fulfillment of diagnostic criteria in pediatric patients with HS.A total of 297 adolescents with HS were included in the study; 123 patients were female (78.1%), 78 self-identified as Black (26.3%), and 116 self-identified as Hispanic (39.1%). The median (IQR) age at diagnosis was 14.0 (13.0-16.0) years. Documentation from the diagnostic visit demonstrated that 127 (42.8%) patients did not meet all 3 major HS diagnostic criteria. Of these patients, 122 (96.1%) did not meet the recurrence interval criterion (≥2 lesions within 6 months). Overall, 96 patients who did not meet the recurrence interval criterion had documentation from additional visits in the health system; 59 (61.5%) had documentation of 1 or more additional lesions consistent with HS. Review of these additional records demonstrated that 26 of these 59 (44.1%) patients met the recurrence interval criterion after diagnosis, and 44 (74.6%) had recurrent lesions within a 1-year interval (median, 6.5 months; interquartile range, 3.5-12.2 months). Medical chart review was conducted from November 22, 2021, to January 12, 2022. Analysis was conducted from January 12, 2022, to January 15, 2022.Overall, 118 (40%) of 297 pediatric patients with HS in this retrospective cross-sectional study did not meet all major diagnostic criteria at the time of diagnosis, largely due to failure to fulfill the 6-month recurrence interval criterion. Future studies are needed to determine the appropriate recurrence interval to facilitate timely diagnosis and promote clinical trial eligibility for pediatric patients with HS.
Common Germline Risk Variants Impact Somatic Alterations and Clinical Features across Cancers
Authors: Shinichi Namba, Yuki Saito, Yasunori Kogure, Tatsuo Masuda, Melissa L. Bondy, Puya Gharahkhani, Ines Gockel, Dominik Heider, Axel Hillmer, Janusz Jankowski, Stuart MacGregor, Carlo Maj, Beatrice Melin, Quinn T. Ostrom, Claire Palles, Johannes Schumacher, Ian Tomlinson, David C. Whiteman, Yukinori Okada, Keisuke Kataoka
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Aggregation of genome-wide common risk variants, such as polygenic risk score (PRS), can measure genetic susceptibility to cancer. A better understanding of how common germline variants associate with somatic alterations and clinical features could facilitate personalized cancer prevention and early detection. We constructed PRSs from 14 genome-wide association studies (median n = 64,905) for 12 cancer types by multiple methods and calibrated them using the UK Biobank resources (n = 335,048). Meta-analyses across cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 7,965) revealed that higher PRS values were associated with earlier cancer onset and lower burden of somatic alterations, including total mutations, chromosome/arm somatic copy-number alterations (SCNA), and focal SCNAs. This contrasts with rare germline pathogenic variants (e.g., BRCA1/2 variants), showing heterogeneous associations with somatic alterations. Our results suggest that common germline cancer risk variants allow early tumor development before the accumulation of many somatic alterations characteristic of later stages of carcinogenesis. Significance: Meta-analyses across cancers show that common germline risk variants affect not only cancer predisposition but the age of cancer onset and burden of somatic alterations, including total mutations and copy-number alterations.
Reframing rationality: Exogenous constraints on controlled information search
Authors: Yi Yang Teoh, Ian D. Roberts, Cendri A. Hutcherson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract Bermúdez argues that framing effects are rational because particular frames provide goal-consistent reasons for choice and that people exert some control over the framing of a decision-problem. We propose instead that these observations raise the question of whether frame selection itself is a rational process and highlight how constraints in the choice environment severely limit the rational selection of frames.
Regulable Polyelectrolyte‐Surfactant Complex for Antibacterial Biomedical Catheter Coating via a Readily Scalable Route
Authors: Huan Yu, Lei Wang, Zhenyan Zhang, Xu Zhang, Shifang Luan, Hengchong Shi
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Abstract Constructing multifunctional surfaces is one of the practical approaches to address catheter‐related multiple complications but is generally time‐consuming and substrate‐dependent. Herein, a novel anti‐adhesion, antibacterial, low friction, and robustness coating on medical catheters are developed via a universal and readily scalable method based on a regulable polyelectrolyte surfactant complex. The complex is rapidly assembled in one step by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between organosilicon quaternary ammonium surfactant (N + Si ) and adjustable polyelectrolyte with cross‐linkable, anti‐adhesive, and anionic groups. The alcohol‐soluble feature of the complex is conducive to the rapid formation of coatings on any medical device with arbitrary shapes via dip coating. Different from the conventional polyelectrolyte–surfactant complex coating, the regulated complex coating with nonleaching mode could be stable in harsh conditions (high concentration salt solution, organic reagents, etc.) because of the cross‐linked structure while improving the biocompatibility and reducing the adhesion of various bacteria, proteins, and blood cells. The coated catheter exhibits good antibacterial infection in vitro and in vivo, owing to the synergistic effect of N + Si and zwitterionic groups. Therefore, the rationally designed complex supplies a facile coating approach for the potential development in combating multiple complications of the medical catheter.
Framing is a motivated process
Authors: George Ainslie
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract Frames group choices into categories, thus modifying the incentives for them. This effect makes framing itself a motivated choice rather than a neutral cognition. In particular, framing an inferior choice with a high short-term payoff as part of a broad category of choices recruits incentive to reject it; but this must be motivated by its being a test case.
<i>Ceteris paribus</i> preferences, rational farming effects, and the extensionality principle
Authors: Joe Y. F. Lau
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract Bermúdez argues for rational framing effects in the form of quasi-cyclical preferences. This is supposed to refute the extensionality principle in standard decision theory. In response, I argue that it is better to analyze seemingly quasi-cyclical preferences as ceteris paribus preferences. Furthermore, if frames are included as objects of choice, we can acknowledge rational framing effects without rejecting extensionality.
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: An Updated Policy Statement From the American Association for Cancer Research and the American Society of Clinical Oncology
Authors: Roy S. Herbst, Dorothy Hatsukami, Dana Acton, Meredith Giuliani, Allyn Moushey, Jonathan Phillips, Shimere Sherwood, Benjamin A. Toll, Kasisomayajula Viswanath, Nicholas J.H. Warren, Graham W. Warren, Anthony J. Alberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

Combustible tobacco use has reached historic lows, demonstrating the importance of proven strategies to reduce smoking since publication of the 1964 Surgeon General's report. In contrast, the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), specifically e-cigarettes, has grown to alarming rates and threatens to hinder progress against tobacco use. A major concern is ENDS use by youth and adults who never previously used tobacco. While ENDS emit fewer carcinogens than combustible tobacco, preliminary evidence links ENDS use to DNA damage and inflammation, key steps in cancer development. Furthermore, high levels of nicotine can also increase addiction, raise blood pressure, interfere with brain development, and suppress the immune system. The magnitude of long-term health risks will remain unknown until longitudinal studies are completed. ENDS have been billed as a promising tool for combustible tobacco cessation, but further evidence is needed to assess their potential efficacy for adults who smoke. Of concern, epidemiological studies estimate that approximately 15%-42% of adults who use ENDS have never used another tobacco product, and another 36%-54% dual use both ENDS and combustible tobacco. This policy statement details advances in science related to ENDS and calls for urgent action to end predatory practices of the tobacco industry and protect public health. Importantly, we call for an immediate ban on all non-tobacco-flavored ENDS products that contain natural or synthetic nicotine to reduce ENDS use by youth and adults who never previously used tobacco. Concurrently, evidence-based treatments to promote smoking cessation and prevent smoking relapse to reduce cancer incidence and improve public health remain top priorities for our organizations. We also recognize there is an urgent need for research to understand the relationship between ENDS and tobacco-related disparities.
State Medicaid Coverage of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Adults and Implications for Dermatologists
Authors: Nathaniel Goldman, Christy Nwankwo, Alexandra P. Charrow, Megan H. Noe
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

This cross-sectional study examines state Medicaid coverage of human papillomavirus vaccination in adults aged 27 to 45 years and discusses the implications of the results for dermatologists.
Frames and rationality: Response to commentators
Authors: José Luis Bermúdez
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract The thoughtful and rewarding peer commentaries on my target article come from a broad range of disciplinary perspectives. I engage with the commentaries in three groups. First, I discuss the commentaries that apply my basic approach to new cases not considered in the target article. Second, I explore those that helpfully extend and refine my arguments. Finally, I offer replies to those that object either to the overall framework or to specific arguments.