tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myocarditis or Pericarditis Events After BNT162b2 Vaccination in Individuals Aged 12 to 17 Years in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Sarah A. Buchan, Sarah Alley, Chi Yon Seo, Caitlin Johnson, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Sharifa Nasreen, Nisha Thampi, Diane Lu, Tara M. Harris, Andrew Calzavara, Sarah E. Wilson
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

The risk of myocarditis or pericarditis after COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccines varies by age and sex, and there is some evidence to suggest increasing risk with shorter intervals between dose 1 and 2 (ie, interdose interval).To estimate the incidence of reported myocarditis or pericarditis after BNT162b2 vaccine among adolescents and to describe the clinical information associated with these events.This was a population-based cohort study using passive vaccine safety surveillance data linked to the provincial COVID-19 vaccine registry. Included in the study were all adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in Ontario, Canada, who received 1 or more doses of BNT162b2 vaccine between December 14, 2020, and November 21, 2021, and reported an episode of myocarditis or pericarditis. Data were analyzed from December 15, 2021, to April 22, 2022.Receipt of BNT162b2 (Comirnaty [Pfizer-BioNTech]) vaccine.Reported incidence of myocarditis or pericarditis meeting level 1 to 3 of the Brighton Collaboration case definition per 100 000 doses of BNT162b2 administered by age group (12-15 years vs 16-17 years), sex, dose number, and interdose interval. All clinical information associated with symptoms, health care usage, diagnostic test results, and treatment at the time of the acute event were summarized.There were approximately 1.65 million doses of BNT162b2 administered and 77 reports of myocarditis or pericarditis among those aged 12 to 17 years, which met the inclusion criteria during the study period. Of the 77 adolescents (mean [SD] age, 15.0 [1.7] years; 63 male individuals [81.8%]), 51 (66.2%) developed myocarditis or pericarditis after dose 2 of BNT162b2. Overall, 74 individuals (96.1%) with an event were assessed in the emergency department, and 34 (44.2%) were hospitalized (median [IQR] length of stay, 1 [1-2] day). The majority of adolescents (57 [74.0%]) were treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs only, and 11 (14.3%) required no treatment. The highest reported incidence was observed among male adolescents aged 16 to 17 years after dose 2 (15.7 per 100 000; 95% CI, 9.7-23.9). Among those aged 16 to 17 years, the reporting rate was highest in those with a short (ie, ≤30 days) interdose interval (21.3 per 100 000; 95% CI, 11.0-37.2).Results of this cohort study suggest that there was variation in the reported incidence of myocarditis or pericarditis after BNT162b2 vaccine among adolescent age groups. However, the risk of these events after vaccination remains very rare and should be considered in relation to the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination.
Association of Serum Neurofilament Light Chain Levels at Disease Onset With Disability Worsening in Patients With a First Demyelinating Multiple Sclerosis Event Not Treated With High-Efficacy Drugs
Authors: Enric Monreal, José Ignacio Fernández-Velasco, María Isabel García-Sánchez, Susana Sainz de la Maza, Sara Llufriu, Roberto Álvarez-Lafuente, Bonaventura Casanova, Manuel Comabella, Lluís Ramió-Torrentà, José Enrique Martínez-Rodríguez, Luis Brieva, Albert Saiz, Sara Eichau, José María Cabrera-Maqueda, Noelia Villarrubia, Mercedes Espiño, Francisco Pérez-Miralles, Xavier Montalbán, Mar Tintoré, Ana Quiroga-Varela, María Inmaculada Domínguez-Mozo, Fernando Rodríguez-Jorge, Juan Luís Chico-García, Daniel Lourido, José Carlos Álvarez-Cermeño, Jaime Masjuan, Lucienne Costa-Frossard, Luisa María Villar
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

The value of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels for predicting long-term disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) remains controversial.
Performance on Patient Experience Measures of Former Chief Medical Residents as Physician Exemplars Chosen by the Profession
Authors: Lucy Chen, J. Michael McWilliams
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Physicians' knowledge about each other's quality is central to clinical decision-making, but such information is not well understood and is rarely harnessed to identify exemplars for disseminating best practices or quality improvement. One exception is chief medical resident selection, which is typically based on interpersonal, teaching, and clinical skills.
Medical Society Responses to State Abortion Bans—No Role for Boycotts
Authors: Lisa H. Harris, Jamila Perritt, Bhavik Kumar
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Abortion access in the US was precarious before the Supreme Court’s 2022 decision in Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization. As a result of the decision, more than 20 million women lack access to virtually all abortion care.1
Estimated Effectiveness of Postpartum Maternal Messenger RNA COVID-19 Vaccination Against Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Hospitalization in Infants Younger Than 6 Months
Authors: Sarah C. J. Jorgensen, Alejandro Hernandez, Deshayne B. Fell, Peter C. Austin, Rohan D’Souza, Astrid Guttmann, Jeffrey C. Kwong
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

This case-control study estimates the effectiveness of maternal postpartum messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccination against Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization in infants younger than 6 months.
Association of the End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Choices Payment Model With Home Dialysis Use at Kidney Failure Onset From 2016 to 2022
Authors: Kirsten L. Johansen, Shuling Li, Jiannong Liu, Eric D. Weinhandl, David T. Gilbertson, Iris Kou, Christopher Knapp, James B. Wetmore
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance The Centers for Medicare &amp;amp;amp; Medicaid Services designed a mandatory payment model to incentivize home dialysis use: the End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Choices (ETC). Outpatient dialysis facilities and health care professionals providing nephrology services were randomly assigned to ETC participation at the hospital referral region level. Objective To assess the association between ETC and home dialysis use in the incident dialysis population in its first 18 months of implementation. Design, Setting, and Participants A cohort study with controlled, interrupted time series analysis of the US End-Stage Renal Disease Quality Reporting System database was conducted, using generalized estimating equations. All adults initiating home-based dialysis in the US between January 1, 2016, and June 30, 2022, without a prior kidney transplant were included in the analysis. Exposures Prior to vs after ETC onset in January 1, 2021, and random assignment to ETC participation of facilities and health care professionals involved in patient care. Main Outcomes and Measures Percentage of patients started on incident home dialysis and yearly change in percentage initiating home dialysis. Results A total of 817 177 adults initiated home dialysis during the study period, of whom 750 314 were included in the study cohort. The cohort included 41.4% women; 26.2% of the patients were Black, 17.4% were Hispanic, and 49.1% were White. Approximately half (49.6%) of the patients were aged at least 65 years. A total of 31.2% received care from health care professionals assigned to ETC participation, and 33.6% had Medicare fee-for-service coverage. Overall, home dialysis use increased from 10.0% in January 2016 to 17.4% in June 2022. Home dialysis use increased more in ETC markets than in non-ETC markets after January 2021 (by 1.07%; 95% CI, 0.16%-1.97%). The rate of increase in home dialysis use in the entire cohort nearly doubled after January 2021 to 1.66% per year (95% CI, 1.14%-2.19%) compared with before 2021, when the rate was 0.86% per year (95% CI, 0.75%-0.97%), but the difference in rate of increase in home dialysis use was not significant between ETC and non-ETC markets. Conclusions and Relevance This study noted that, although the overall rate of dialysis use at home was greater after ETC implementation, the increase occurred more among patients in ETC markets than among those in non-ETC markets. These findings suggest that federal policy and financial incentives affected care for the entire incident dialysis population in the US.
Errors in the Byline and Figure
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Su-Min Jeong, MD; Junhee Park, MD; Kyungdo Han, PhD; Juhwan Yoo, MS; Jung Eun Yoo, MD, PhD; Cheol Min Lee, MD, PhD; Wonyoung Jung, MD; Jinkook Lee, PhD; SangYun Kim, MD, PhD; Dong Wook Shin, MD, DrPH, MBA
Improving Screening and Counseling for Unhealthy Alcohol Use—Lessons From the Field
Authors: Alex H. Krist, Gabriella Villalobos, Michelle Rockwell
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Time to Abolish Metrics That Sustain Systemic Racism in Kidney Allocation
Authors: John S. Gill, Burnett Kelly, Marcello Tonelli
Journal: JAMA (2023)

This Viewpoint discusses how the Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) in its current form is not fit to guide kidney allocation because it devalues organ donation by Black donors based on a weak association between donor race and kidney transplant failure.
Prevalence, Timing, and Network Localization of Emergent Visual Creativity in Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Adit Friedberg, Lorenzo Pasquini, Ryan Diggs, Erika A. Glaubitz, Lucia Lopez, Ignacio Illán-Gala, Leonardo Iaccarino, Renaud La Joie, Nidhi Mundada, Marguerite Knudtson, Kyra Neylan, Jesse Brown, Isabel Elaine Allen, Katherine P. Rankin, Luke W. Bonham, Jennifer S. Yokoyama, Eliana M. Ramos, Daniel H. Geschwind, Salvatore Spina, Lea T. Grinberg, Zachary A. Miller, Joel H. Kramer, Howard Rosen, Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini, Gil Rabinovici, William W. Seeley, Bruce L. Miller
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

The neurological substrates of visual artistic creativity (VAC) are unknown. VAC is demonstrated here to occur early in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and multimodal neuroimaging is used to generate a novel mechanistic hypothesis involving dorsomedial occipital cortex enhancement. These findings may illuminate a novel mechanism underlying human visual creativity.
Recent advances on the molecular mechanisms of exercise-induced improvements of cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Yi Lu, Fa-Qian Bu, Fang Wang, Li Liu, Shuai Zhang, Guan Wang, Xiu-Ying Hu
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2023)

Abstract Physical exercise is of great significance for maintaining human health. Exercise can provide varying degrees of benefits to cognitive function at all stages of life cycle. Currently, with the aging of the world’s population and increase of life expectancy, cognitive dysfunction has gradually become a disease of high incidence, which is accompanied by neurodegenerative diseases in elderly individuals. Patients often exhibit memory loss, aphasia and weakening of orientation once diagnosed, and are unable to have a normal life. Cognitive dysfunction largely affects the physical and mental health, reduces the quality of life, and causes a great economic burden to the society. At present, most of the interventions are aimed to maintain the current cognitive level and delay deterioration of cognition. In contrast, exercise as a nonpharmacological therapy has great advantages in its nontoxicity, low cost and universal application. The molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of exercise on cognition are complex, and studies have been extensively centered on neural plasticity, the direct target of exercise in the brain. In addition, mitochondrial stability and energy metabolism are essential for brain status. Meanwhile, the organ-brain axis responds to exercise and induces release of cytokines related to cognition. In this review, we summarize the latest evidence on the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of exercise on cognition, and point out directions for future research.
The tale of snakebite’s fleeting spotlight—and why it encapsulates all that’s wrong with global health
Authors: Robert Fortner
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Snakebite is one of the world’s oldest and biggest killers. Yet, despite a shot in the arm five years ago, tackling the burden seems further away than ever. <b>Robert Fortner</b> reports on what happened—and why it epitomises the ownership issue plaguing the global health lobby
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid–Bound α-Fetoprotein Promotes Immune Suppression by Altering Human Dendritic Cell Metabolism
Authors: Paul V. Munson, Juraj Adamik, Felix J. Hartmann, Patricia M.B. Favaro, Daniel Ho, Sean C. Bendall, Alexis J. Combes, Matthew F. Krummel, Karen Zhang, Robin K. Kelley, Lisa H. Butterfield
Journal: Cancer Research (2023)

α-Fetoprotein (AFP) is expressed by stem-like and poor outcome hepatocellular cancer tumors and is a clinical tumor biomarker. AFP has been demonstrated to inhibit dendritic cell (DC) differentiation and maturation and to block oxidative phosphorylation. To identify the critical metabolic pathways leading to human DC functional suppression, here, we used two recently described single-cell profiling methods, scMEP (single-cell metabolic profiling) and SCENITH (single-cell energetic metabolism by profiling translation inhibition). Glycolytic capacity and glucose dependence of DCs were significantly increased by tumor-derived, but not normal cord blood-derived, AFP, leading to increased glucose uptake and lactate secretion. Key molecules in the electron transport chain in particular were regulated by tumor-derived AFP. These metabolic changes occurred at mRNA and protein levels, with negative impact on DC stimulatory capacity. Tumor-derived AFP bound significantly more polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than cord blood-derived AFP. PUFAs bound to AFP increased metabolic skewing and promoted DC functional suppression. PUFAs inhibited DC differentiation in vitro, and ω-6 PUFAs conferred potent immunoregulation when bound to tumor-derived AFP. Together, these findings provide mechanistic insights into how AFP antagonizes the innate immune response to limit antitumor immunity.
<i>(R)</i>-2-Hydroxyglutarate Inhibits KDM5 Histone Lysine Demethylases to Drive Transformation in<i>IDH</i>-Mutant Cancers
Authors: Kathryn Gunn, Matti Myllykoski, John Z. Cao, Manna Ahmed, Bofu Huang, Betty Rouaisnel, Bill H. Diplas, Michael M. Levitt, Ryan Looper, John G. Doench, Keith L. Ligon, Harley I. Kornblum, Samuel K. McBrayer, Hai Yan, Cihangir Duy, Lucy A. Godley, Peppi Koivunen, Julie-Aurore Losman
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2023)

Abstract Oncogenic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 occur in a wide range of cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and glioma. Mutant IDH enzymes convert 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) to (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate [(R)-2HG], an oncometabolite that is hypothesized to promote cellular transformation by dysregulating 2OG-dependent enzymes. The only (R)-2HG target that has been convincingly shown to contribute to transformation by mutant IDH is the myeloid tumor suppressor TET2. However, there is ample evidence to suggest that (R)-2HG has other functionally relevant targets in IDH-mutant cancers. Here, we show that (R)-2HG inhibits KDM5 histone lysine demethylases and that this inhibition contributes to cellular transformation in IDH-mutant AML and IDH-mutant glioma. These studies provide the first evidence of a functional link between dysregulation of histone lysine methylation and transformation in IDH-mutant cancers. Significance: Mutant IDH is known to induce histone hypermethylation. However, it is not known if this hypermethylation is functionally significant or is a bystander effect of (R)-2HG accumulation in IDH-mutant cells. Here, we provide evidence that KDM5 inhibition by (R)-2HG contributes to mutant IDH–mediated transformation in AML and glioma. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1275
Temporal segregation of biosynthetic processes is responsible for metabolic oscillations during the budding yeast cell cycle
Authors: Vakil Takhaveev, Serdar Özsezen, Edward N. Smith, Andre Zylstra, Marten L. Chaillet, Haoqi Chen, Alexandros Papagiannakis, Andreas Milias-Argeitis, Matthias Heinemann
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2023)

Many cell biological and biochemical mechanisms controlling the fundamental process of eukaryotic cell division have been identified; however, the temporal dynamics of biosynthetic processes during the cell division cycle are still elusive. Here, we show that key biosynthetic processes are temporally segregated along the cell cycle. Using budding yeast as a model and single-cell methods to dynamically measure metabolic activity, we observe two peaks in protein synthesis, in the G1 and S/G2/M phase, whereas lipid and polysaccharide synthesis peaks only once, during the S/G2/M phase. Integrating the inferred biosynthetic rates into a thermodynamic-stoichiometric metabolic model, we find that this temporal segregation in biosynthetic processes causes flux changes in primary metabolism, with an acceleration of glucose-uptake flux in G1 and phase-shifted oscillations of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanges. Through experimental validation of the model predictions, we demonstrate that primary metabolism oscillates with cell-cycle periodicity to satisfy the changing demands of biosynthetic processes exhibiting unexpected dynamics during the cell cycle.
Antiphospholipid syndrome: advances in diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management
Authors: Jason S Knight, D Ware Branch, Thomas L Ortel
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Abstract Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a thrombo-inflammatory disease propelled by circulating autoantibodies that recognize cell surface phospholipids and phospholipid binding proteins. The result is an increased risk of thrombotic events, pregnancy morbidity, and various other autoimmune and inflammatory complications. Although antiphospholipid syndrome was first recognized in patients with lupus, the stand alone presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome is at least equally common. Overall, the diagnosis appears to affect at least one in 2000 people. Studies of antiphospholipid syndrome pathogenesis have long focused on logical candidates such as coagulation factors, endothelial cells, and platelets. Recent work has shed light on additional potential therapeutic targets within the innate immune system, including the complement system and neutrophil extracellular traps. Vitamin K antagonists remain the mainstay of treatment for most patients with thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome and, based on current data, appear superior to the more targeted direct oral anticoagulants. The potential role of immunomodulatory treatments in antiphospholipid syndrome management is receiving increased attention. As for many systemic autoimmune diseases, the most important future direction is to more precisely identify mechanistic drivers of disease heterogeneity in pursuit of unlocking personalized and proactive treatments for patients.
Adult asthma with symptomatic eosinophilic inflammation is accompanied by alteration in gut microbiome
Authors: Bon‐Hee Gu, Jun‐Pyo Choi, Tansol Park, A‐Sol Kim, Ho Young Jung, Doo Young Choi, Sang Jin Lee, Yoon‐Seok Chang, Myunghoo Kim, Han‐Ki Park
Journal: Allergy (2023)

Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is associated with asthma. However, altered gut microbiome in adult asthma is not yet well established. We aimed to investigate the gut microbiome profiles of adult asthmatic patients with symptomatic eosinophilic inflammation.The 16 s rRNA gene metagenomic analysis of feces in the symptomatic eosinophilic asthma group (EA, n = 28) was compared with the healthy control (HC, n = 18) and the chronic cough control (CC, n = 13). A correlation analysis between individual taxa and clinical markers was performed within the EA group. Changes in the gut microbiome were examined in patients with significant symptom improvement in the EA group.The relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae and Oscillospiraceae significantly decreased and Bacteroidetes increased in the EA group. Within EA group, Lachnospiraceae was negatively correlated with indicators of type 2 inflammation and lung function decline. Enterobacteriaceae and Prevotella was positively associated with type 2 inflammation and lung function decline, respectively. The abundance of predicted genes associated with amino acid metabolism and secondary bile acid biosynthesis was diminished in the EA group. These functional gene family alterations could be related to gut permeability, and the serum lipopolysaccharide concentration was actually high in the EA group. EA patients with symptom improvement after 1 month did not show a significant change in the gut microbiome.Symptomatic eosinophilic adult asthma patients showed altered the gut microbiome composition. Specifically, a decrease in commensal clostridia was observed, and a decrease in Lachnospiraceae was correlated with blood eosinophilia and lung function decline.