tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aging exacerbates the brain inflammatory micro-environment contributing to α-synuclein pathology and functional deficits in a mouse model of DLB/PD
Authors: Michiyo Iba, Ross A. McDevitt, Changyoun Kim, Roshni Roy, Dimitra Sarantopoulou, Ella Tommer, Byron Siegars, Michelle Sallin, Somin Kwon, Jyoti Misra Sen, Ranjan Sen, Eliezer Masliah
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2022)

Abstract Background Although ɑ-synuclein (ɑ-syn) spreading in age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has been extensively investigated, the role of aging in the manifestation of disease remains unclear. Methods We explored the role of aging and inflammation in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies in a mouse model of DLB/PD initiated by intrastriatal injection of ɑ-syn preformed fibrils (pff). Results We found that aged mice showed more extensive accumulation of ɑ-syn in selected brain regions and behavioral deficits that were associated with greater infiltration of T cells and microgliosis. Microglial inflammatory gene expression induced by ɑ-syn-pff injection in young mice had hallmarks of aged microglia, indicating that enhanced age-associated pathologies may result from inflammatory synergy between aging and the effects of ɑ-syn aggregation. Based on the transcriptomics analysis projected from Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, we found a network that included colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), LPS related genes, TNFɑ and poly rl:rC-RNA as common regulators. Conclusions We propose that aging related inflammation (eg: CSF2) influences outcomes of pathological spreading of ɑ-syn and suggest that targeting neuro-immune responses might be important in developing treatments for DLB/PD.
Methodik der Vitaminforschung
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bicycle-Associated Head Injuries and Deaths in the United States From 1984 Through 1988
Authors: Jeffrey J. Sacks
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To estimate the potential benefits from more widespread bicycle safety helmet use. <h3>Design.</h3> —Review of death certificates and emergency department injury data for 1984 through 1988. Categorization of deaths and injuries as related to bicycling and head injury. Using relative risks of 3.85 and 6.67 derived from a case-control study and varying helmet usage from 10% to 100%, population attributable risk was calculated to estimate preventable deaths and injuries. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Entire United States. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Numbers of US residents coded as dying from bicycle-related head injuries, numbers of persons presenting to emergency departments for bicycle-related head injuries, and numbers of attributable bicycle-related deaths and head injuries. <h3>Main Results.</h3> —From 1984 through 1988, bicycling accounted for 2985 head injury deaths (62% of all bicycling deaths) and 905 752 head injuries (32% of persons with bicycling injuries treated at an emergency department). Forty-one percent of head injury deaths and 76% of head injuries occurred among children less than 15 years of age. Universal use of helmets by all bicyclists could have prevented as many as 2500 deaths and 757 000 head injuries, ie, one death every day and one head injury every 4 minutes. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Effective community-based education programs and legislated approaches for increasing bicycle safety helmet usage have been developed and await only the resources and commitment to reduce these unnecessary deaths and injuries. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:3016-3018)
Bicycle Helmet Use by Children
Authors: Carolyn G. DiGuiseppi
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To assess the effect of a community-wide bicycle helmet campaign on helmet use, we observed 9827 children riding bicycles at sites in high-, middle-, and low-income census tracts in Seattle, Wash (intervention city), and Portland, Ore (control city); observations were made during 2-week intervals before and 4,12, and 16 months after the campaign's start. Helmet use increased from 5.5% before the campaign to 15.7% afterward in Seattle and from 1.0% to 2.9% in Portland. Strong associations were found between helmet use and white compared with black or other race; riding geared vs nongeared bicycles; riding at playgrounds, in parks, or on bicycle paths vs on city streets; and riding with adults or other children compared with riding alone. The proportions of helmet wearers, adjusted for these variables, increased from 4.6% to 14.0% in Seattle and from 1.0% to 3.6% in Portland, a significantly greater increase in use in Seattle compared with Portland. We conclude that a community-wide bicycle helmet campaign can increase helmet use among children. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:2256-2261)
Why Is Diabetes Mellitus a Stronger Risk Factor for Fatal Ischemic Heart Disease in Women Than in Men?
Authors: Elizabeth L. Barrett-Connor
Journal: JAMA (1991)

We report here the 14-year sex-specific effect of non—insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus on the risk of fatal ischemic heart disease in a geographically defined population of men and women aged 40 through 79 years. There were 207 men and 127 women who had diabetes at baseline based on medical history or fasting hyperglycemia. They were compared with 2137 adults who had fasting euglycemia and a negative personal and family history of diabetes. The relative hazard of ischemic heart disease death in diabetics vs nondiabetics was 1.8 in men and 3.3 in women, after adjusting for age, and 1.9 and 3.3, respectively, after adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, body mass index, and cigarette smoking using the Cox regression model. The sex difference in the independent contribution of diabetes to fatal heart disease was largely explained by the persistently more favorable survival rate of women (than men) without diabetes. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:627-631)
In COVID-19 acute hypoxemia, awake prone positioning vs. usual care did not reduce intubation at 30 d
Authors: Ankita Agarwal, Greg S. Martin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Alhazzani W, Parhar KK, Weatherald J, et al. Effect of awake prone positioning on endotracheal intubation in patients with COVID-19 and acute respiratory failure: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022;327:2104-13. 35569448.
In ischemic stroke, IV alteplase within 3 h of onset improves functional outcome vs. control
Authors: Barnet Eskin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Source Citation Mun KT, Bonomo JB, Liebeskind DS, et al. Fragility index meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials shows highly robust evidential strength for benefit of < 3 hour intravenous alteplase. Stroke. 2022;53:2069-74. 35543129
In type 2 diabetes, SGLT2 inhibitors reduced risk for serious hyperkalemia without increasing hypokalemia
Authors: Kharisa Rachmasari, Victor M. Montori
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Neuen BL, Oshima M, Agarwal R, et al. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and risk of hyperkalemia in people with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomized, controlled trials. Circulation. 2022;145:1460-70. 35394821.
In older adults discharged from hospital, home-based exercise programs improve some outcomes
Authors: Ami Schattner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Source Citation Lin I, Glinsky J, Dean C, et al. Effectiveness of home-based exercise for improving physical activity, quality of life and function in older adults after hospitalisation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2022;36:1170-85. 35522200
In older LTC residents, transitional care interventions vs. usual care reduce hospital readmissions
Authors: Michael Sewell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Source Citation Birtwell K, Planner C, Hodkinson A, et al. Transitional care interventions for older residents of long-term care facilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5:e2210192. 35507344
Maternal, Infant, and Child Health Outcomes Associated With the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
Authors: Maya Venkataramani, S. Michelle Ogunwole, Laura E. Caulfield, Ritu Sharma, Allen Zhang, Susan M. Gross, Kristen M. Hurley, Jennifer L. Lerman, Eric B. Bass, Wendy L. Bennett
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is intended to improve maternal and child health outcomes. In 2009, the WIC food package changed to better align with national nutrition recommendations.To determine whether WIC participation was associated with improved maternal, neonatal-birth, and infant-child health outcomes or differences in outcomes by subgroups and WIC enrollment duration.Search (January 2009 to April 2022) included PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, ERIC, Scopus, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.Included studies had a comparator of WIC-eligible nonparticipants or comparison before and after the 2009 food package change.Paired team members independently screened articles for inclusion and evaluated risk of bias.We identified 20 observational studies. We found: moderate strength of evidence (SOE) that maternal WIC participation during pregnancy is likely associated with lower risk for preterm birth, low birthweight infants, and infant mortality; low SOE that maternal WIC participation may be associated with a lower likelihood of inadequate gestational weight gain, as well as increased well-child visits and childhood immunizations; and low SOE that child WIC participation may be associated with increased childhood immunizations. We found low SOE for differences in some outcomes by race and ethnicity but insufficient evidence for differences by WIC enrollment duration. We found insufficient evidence related to maternal morbidity and mortality outcomes.Data are from observational studies with high potential for selection bias related to the choice to participate in WIC, and participation status was self-reported in most studies.Participation in WIC was likely associated with improved birth outcomes and lower infant mortality, and also may be associated with increased child preventive service receipt.Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (PROSPERO: CRD42020222452).
In frail older adults with sarcopenia, a multicomponent intervention vs. education reduced mobility disability at 26 mo
Authors: Ravishankar Ramaswamy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Bernabei R, Landi F, Calvani R, et al. Multicomponent intervention to prevent mobility disability in frail older adults: randomised controlled trial (SPRINTT project). BMJ. 2022;377:e068788. 35545258.
Early Rhythm Control Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation in Low-Risk Patients
Authors: Daehoon Kim, Pil-Sung Yang, Seng Chan You, Eunsun Jang, Hee Tae Yu, Tae-Hoon Kim, Hui-Nam Pak, Moon-Hyoung Lee, Gregory Y.H. Lip, Jung-Hoon Sung, Boyoung Joung
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Background: Rhythm control is associated with lower risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes compared with usual care among patients recently diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF) with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of approximately 2 or greater in EAST-AFNET 4 (Early Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation for Stroke Prevention Trial). Objective: To investigate whether the results can be generalized to patients with low stroke risk. Design: Population-based cohort study. Setting: Nationwide claims database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Participants: 54 216 patients with AF having early rhythm control (antiarrhythmic drugs or ablation) or rate control therapy that was initiated within 1 year of the AF diagnosis. Measurements: The effect of early rhythm control on the primary composite outcome of cardiovascular death, ischemic stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, or myocardial infarction was compared between eligible and ineligible patients for EAST-AFNET 4 (CHA2DS2-VASc score, approximately 0 to 1) using propensity overlap weighting. Results: In total, 37 557 study participants (69.3%) were eligible for the trial (median age, 70 years; median CHA2DS2-VASc score, 4), among whom early rhythm control was associated with lower risk for the primary composite outcome than rate control (hazard ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.81 to 0.92]). Among the 16 659 low-risk patients (30.7%) who did not meet the inclusion criteria (median age, 54 years; median CHA2DS2-VASc score, 1), early rhythm control was consistently associated with lower risk for the primary outcome (hazard ratio, 0.81 [CI, 0.66 to 0.98]). No significant differences in safety outcomes were found between the rhythm and rate control strategies regardless of trial eligibility. Limitation: Residual confounding. Conclusion: In routine clinical practice, the beneficial association between early rhythm control and cardiovascular complications was consistent among low-risk patients regardless of trial eligibility. Primary Funding Source: The Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Republic of Korea.
USPSTF recommends aspirin to prevent CVD in adults 40 to 59 y as an individual decision; not recommended for adults ≥60 y
Authors: Matthew Nudy, Jennifer L. Cooper
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

ACP Journal ClubSeptember 2022USPSTF recommends aspirin to prevent CVD in adults 40 to 59 y as an individual decision; not recommended for adults ≥60 yMatthew Nudy, MD, Jennifer L. Cooper, MDMatthew Nudy, MDPenn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA (M.N., J.L.C.), Jennifer L. Cooper, MDPenn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA (M.N., J.L.C.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/J22-0064 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationDavidson KW, Barry MJ, Mangione CM, et al. Aspirin use to prevent cardiovascular disease: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2022;327:1577-84. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35471505Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: References1. McNeil JJ, Wolfe R, Woods RL, et al. Effect of aspirin on cardiovascular events and bleeding in the healthy elderly. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:1509-18. [PMID: 30221597] Google Scholar2. Bowman L, Mafham M, Wallendszus K, et al. Effects of aspirin for primary prevention in persons with diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:1529-39. [PMID: 30146931] Google Scholar3. Gaziano JM, Brotons C, Coppolecchia R, et al. Use of aspirin to reduce risk of initial vascular events in patients at moderate risk of cardiovascular disease (ARRIVE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;392:1036-46. [PMID: 30158069] Google Scholar4. McNeil JJ, Nelson MR, Woods RL, et al. Effect of aspirin on all-cause mortality in the healthy elderly. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:1519-28. [PMID: 30221595] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA (M.N., J.L.C.)Disclosures: The commentators have reported no disclosures of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=J22-0064.This article was published at Annals.org on 6 September 2022.ACP Journal Club is editorially independent from Annals of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics September 2022Volume 175, Issue 9Page: JC98KeywordsAspirinAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseCancer preventionCardiovascular diseasesElderlyHemorrhageMortalityMyocardial infarctionResearch quality assessmentSystematic reviews ePublished: 6 September 2022 Issue Published: September 2022 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2022 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
In patients with CHD, a Mediterranean vs. low-fat diet reduced major CV events at 7 y
Authors: Harvey J. Murff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Source Citation Delgado-Lista J, Alcala-Diaz JF, Torres-Peña JD, et al. Long-term secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet and a low-fat diet (CORDIOPREV): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2022;399:1876-85. 35525255
In moderate-to-severe asthma, as-needed albuterol–budesonide reduced severe exacerbations vs. albuterol alone
Authors: Marco Confalonieri
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

ACP Journal ClubSeptember 2022In moderate-to-severe asthma, as-needed albuterol–budesonide reduced severe exacerbations vs. albuterol aloneMarco Confalonieri, MDMarco Confalonieri, MDUniversity Hospital of Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (M.C.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/J22-0066 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationPapi A, Chipps BE, Beasley R, et al. Albuterol–budesonide fixed-dose combination rescue inhaler for asthma. N Engl J Med. 2022;386:2071-83. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35569035Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Pulmonology: Reference1. Johnston NW, Sears MR. Asthma exacerbations. 1: epidemiology. Thorax. 2006;61:722-8. [PMID: 16877691] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University Hospital of Cattinara, Trieste, Italy (M.C.)Disclosures: The commentator has reported no disclosures of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=J22-0066.This article was published at Annals.org on 6 September 2022.ACP Journal Club is editorially independent from Annals of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics September 2022Volume 175, Issue 9Page: JC106KeywordsAsthmaChildrenChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseDrugsForced expiratory volume in the first second of expirationInhalationSafetySystemic diseasesThorax ePublished: 6 September 2022 Issue Published: September 2022 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2022 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
In IgA nephropathy, oral methylprednisolone reduced adverse kidney outcomes but increased adverse events
Authors: Chi-yuan Hsu, Raymond K. Hsu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Source Citation Lv J, Wong MG, Hladunewich MA, et al. Effect of oral methylprednisolone on decline in kidney function or kidney failure in patients with IgA nephropathy: the TESTING randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022;327:1888-98. 35579642
Early seasonal coronavirus seroconversion did not produce cross-protective SARS-CoV-2 antibodies
Authors: Lydia Su Yin Wong, Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo, Chiung-Hui Huang, Gaik Chin Yap, Michelle Jia Yu Tay, Regena Xin Yi Chua, Alicia Yi Hui Kang, Liangjian Lu, Bee Wah Lee, Lynette Pei-Chi Shek, Jinyan Zhang, Wan Ni Chia, Lin-Fa Wang, Elizabeth Huiwen Tham, Paul Anantharajah Tambyah
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
X-Ray Dosage in Treatment and Radiography.
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Lorraine B. Ware, Michael A. Matthay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

The acute respiratory distress syndrome is a common, devastating clinical syndrome of acute lung injury that affects both medical and surgical patients. Since the last review of this syndrome appeared in the Journal, 1 more uniform definitions have been devised and important advances have occurred in the understanding of the epidemiology, natural history, and pathogenesis of the disease, leading to the design and testing of new treatment strategies. This article provides an overview of the definitions, clinical features, and epidemiology of the acute respiratory distress syndrome and discusses advances in the areas of pathogenesis, resolution, and treatment.Historical Perspective and Definitions . . .
Microbiota manipulation to increase macrophage IL-10 improves colitis and limits colitis-associated colorectal cancer
Authors: Daniel F. Zegarra Ruiz, Dasom V. Kim, Kendra Norwood, Fatima B. Saldana-Morales, Myunghoo Kim, Charles Ng, Ryann Callaghan, Maisha Uddin, Lin-Chun Chang, Randy S. Longman, Gretchen E. Diehl
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic life-long inflammatory disease affecting almost 2 million Americans. Although new biologic therapies have been developed, the standard medical treatment fails to selectively control the dysregulated immune pathways involved in chronic colonic inflammation. Further, IBD patients with uncontrolled colonic inflammation are at a higher risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Intestinal microbes can impact many immune functions, and here we asked if they could be used to improve intestinal inflammation. By utilizing an intestinal adherent E. coli that we find increases IL-10 producing macrophages, we were able to limit intestinal inflammation and restrict tumor formation. Macrophage IL-10 along with IL-10 signaling to the intestinal epithelium were required for protection in both inflammation and tumor development. Our work highlights that administration of immune modulating microbes can improve intestinal outcomes by altering tissue inflammation.