tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reactive Metabolites of Phenacetin and Acetaminophen: A Review
Authors: Jack A. Hinson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Phenacetin can be metabolized to reactive metabolites by a variety of mechanisms. (1) Phenacetin can be N-hydroxylated, and the resulting N-hydroxyphenacetin can be sulfated or glucuronidated. Whereas phenacetin N-O sulfate immediately rearranges to form a reactive metabolite which may covalently bind to protein, phenacetin N-O glucuronide slowly rearranges to form reactive metabolites. Incubation of the purified phenacetin N-O glucuronide under a variety of conditions suggests that N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine is a reactive metabolite. This metabolite covalently binds to protein, reacts with glutathione to form an acetaminophen-glutathione conjugate, is reduced by ascorbate to acetaminophen or is partially hydrolyzed to acetamide. (2) Phenacetin can be O-deethylated to acetaminophen, and acetaminophen can be converted directly to a reactive metabolite which may be also N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine. (3) Phenacetin can be sequentially N-hydroxylated and O-deethylated to N-hydroxyacetaminophen which spontaneously dehydrates to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine. (4) Phenacetin can be 3, 4-epoxidated to form an alkylating and an arylating metabolite. In the presence of glutathione, a S-ethylglutathione conjugate and an acetaminophen-glutathione conjugate are formed. In the absence of glutathione, the alkylating metabolite may bind to protein and the arylating metabolite is completely hydrolyzed to acetamide and another arylating metabolite which may bind to protein. The structures of the alkylating and arylating metabolites are unknown. Control experiments have shown that in pathway (1) the phenolic oxygen of the acetaminophenglutathione conjugate is derived from water, whereas in pathways (2) and (3) the phenolic oxygen of this metabolite is derived from phenacetin. In pathway (4) the phenolic oxygen was 50% derived from molecular oxygen and 50% from phenacetin. Administration of [p-180]phenacetin to hamsters revealed only a 10% loss of 180 in the acetaminophen mercapturic acid (the further metabolic product of the glutathione conjugate) which suggests that, in the hamster, pathways (2) and/or (3) are the primary mechanism of conversion of phenacetin to reactive metabolites in vivo.
Perseveration as a sign of diffuse and focal brain damage. II.
Authors: R. S. Allison
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Perseveration in Patients with Focal Brain Lesions So far the clinical significance of perseveration has been con- sidered only in relation to conditions giving rise to general disturbances of brain function.Indeed, it is observed so often in clouding of consciousness that little attention has been paid to it as a relatively isolated expression of focal brain damage.When found in patients with focal lesions the tendency has been to treat it as a residual or early fragment of general clouding of consciousness, the effect of which is to lessen the significance of any other intellectual defects that may be present at the time.Like the farmer, who would hesitate to waste time and energy on harvesting a field of grain which had become heavily con- taminated by weed, the clinician sees little advantage in probing the mental state of such patients.Yet this attitude is not altogether justified, for in some patients recovering from a general disturbance of brain func- tion, like anoxia or dehydration, perseveration is not seen, although the conditions necessary for its demonstration are there and it is searched for repeatedly.In the majority of these instances it is pronounced and affects all psychomotor activity, but in others there appears to be some element of selectivity at work, because it affects certain activities and not others.A third reason for studying perseveration out of its usual context, with clouding of consciousness, is that it has been described on occasion in patients with purely focal brain lesions.
PaperChase
Authors: WARNER V. SLACK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1987PaperChaseWARNER V. SLACK, M.D., HOWARD L. BLEICH, M.D.WARNER V. SLACK, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, HOWARD L. BLEICH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-5-782 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In a letter pointing out what we consider to be serious defects in a study published in Annals (1), we noted that "librarians who formulated and conducted the [MEDLINE] searches had extensive prior experience with the computer programs provided by NLM, Dialog, and BRS, but virtually no experience with PaperChase" (2). Haynes and his colleagues (3) replied that our statement is "incorrect," and that "experience with all but the NLM service was limited to occasional use for all three librarians and was roughly equivalent to the experience with PaperChase."Yet, in a personal communication dated 10 January...References1. HAYNES R, MCKIBBON K, and WALKER C. Computer searching of the medical literature. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:812-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. RYAN P, WINAND D, BLEICH H, SLACK W, and PORTER D. Computer searching of the medical literature [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:168-9. LinkGoogle Scholar3. HAYNES R, MCKIBBON K, and WALKER C. Computer searching of the medical literature. [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1987; 106:168. LinkGoogle Scholar4. LINDER G, LENON R, SU V, WIBLE J, and STANGL P. Training the end user: the Stanford University Medical Center training experience. In: WOOD SM, HORAK EB, SNOW B, eds. End User Searching in the Health Sciences. New York: Hawthorn Press; 1986:113-26. Google Scholar5. WYGANT A. Teaching end user searching in a health sciences center. In: WOOD SM, HORAK EB, SNOW B, eds. End User Searching in the Health Sciences. New York: Hawthorn Press; 1986:127-35. Google Scholar1. Advertisement. MD Computing. 1986;3:64. Google Scholar2. HAYNES R, MCKIBBON K, and WALKER C. Computer searching of the medical literature. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:812-6. LinkGoogle Scholar3. MCKIBBON K, HAYNES R, BAKER L, and FLEMMING T. Evaluation of a short course for clinicians on personal searching of MEDLINE. Annu Conf Res Med Educ. 1986;231-6. Google Scholar4. HAYNES R and MCKIBBON K. Grateful Med 2.0. MD Computing. 1987. (In press). MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WARNER V. SLACK, M.D.; HOWARD L. BLEICH, M.D.Affiliations: Center for Clinical Computing Boston MA 02115 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPaperChase: For Medline searching 1 May 1987Volume 106, Issue 5Page: 782-783KeywordsSoftware tools ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
GANGOSA.
Authors: O. J. MINK
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>Definition.</h3> —Gangosa, a Spanish word meaning muffled voice, is the name employed by the Spaniards in the Ladrone and Caroline Islands to describe a disease characterized by a destructive ulceration, usually beginning on the soft palate, pillars or uvula, and extending by continuity to the hard palate and nasal cavity, larynx, and even to the face. Active ulceration is followed after a variable period by cicatrization or chronic ulceration. Mutilation always results. Constitutional symptoms are either slight or absent. <h3>Synonyms.</h3> —<i>Rhinopharyngitis mutilans</i>(Leys).<i>Ogo</i>(Chamorro). <h3>HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY.</h3> There is absolute proof that gangosa has existed in the Island of Guam for at least 150 years, and probably much longer. In 1828 the Spanish Royal Commission sent to investigate conditions in the Ladrone Islands reported gangosa as being prevalent and recommended that these cases and cases of leprosy and large ulcerations be isolated on one of the smaller islands
Non-Aids Retroviral Infections In Humans
Authors: D. Mcfarlin
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1991)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
The relationship between carnitine pharmacokinetics and fatigue in cancer patients treated with cisplatin-containing chemotherapy.
Authors: Tatsuhiko Kashii, Tomoaki Ikezaki, Shinya Kajiura, Toshiro Miwa, Kouichi Tanabe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e21583 Background: A large majority of patients who receive chemotherapy suffer from fatigue, which lowers their QOL and activities and also has a negative influence on therapeutic efficacy. Although supportive care for those undergoing chemotherapy has steadily progressed, the pathogenesis and treatment of fatigue during chemotherapy is still unknown. A decreased level of plasma carnitine has been reported in the case of cancer patients who developed cachexia. It has been reported that carnitine is excreted in the urine after the administration of platinum-type anticancer drugs. We examined the relationship between carnitine pharmacokinetics in patients who received chemotherapy including cisplatin (CDDP) and fatigue. Methods: Ten patients (7 male/3 female, median age 66.5 yrs (46-73), 3 SCLC/4 NSCLC/3 malignant mesothelioma, 6 PS0/4 PS1) who received standard chemotherapy including CDDP were examined. We performed 24-hour urine collection and took blood samples on day 1 (before the administration of chemotherapy), day 2, 3, 4, and 8 to measure free carnitine concentration, total carnitine concentration, and acylcarnitine concentration in the plasma and urine. We simultaneously evaluated fatigue levels using the CTCAE, STAT Japanese version, and “Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue” (FACIT-F). Results: The total carnitine concentration in the plasma samples was the highest after 48 hours (day3) of administration and showed significant increase compared to before the administration of CDDP (day1)(65.3±17.6 μmol/L vs. 95.2±28.9 μmol/L, p= 0.001). Total urine carnitine concentration was the highest after 24 hours (day2) of administration and showed significant increase compared to day1 (122.3±108.7 μmol/L vs. 632.9±376.6 μmol/L, p= 0.003). Fatigue levels were the most severe on day 4 and did not improve thereafter. Conclusions: The carnitine concentration in the urine samples was increased the most on day 2 and was inclined to decrease to baseline status by day4. A randomized study to investigate the protective effects of carnitine administration for fatigue is ongoing in patients treated with CDDP-containing chemotherapy. Clinical trial information: UMIN000011596.
<i>Circulation</i> : Clinical Summaries
Journal: Circulation (2011)

The main findings in this study are that Sprint Fidelis implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads continue to fail and that younger patients, women, and patients with certain cardiovascular diseases are more likely to suffer Fidelis fractures than patients who are older and have ischemic or nonischemic cardiomyopathy.Except for inappropriate shocks, there were no deaths or serious injuries associated with Fidelis failure in this large multicenter study.Thus, these data suggest that most Fidelis patients can be managed with careful monitoring using algorithms that mitigate inappropriate shocks.Quattro Secure implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads performed well (failure rate Ͻ0.5%/y) in all patient subgroups during 7 years of follow-up.See p 358.
Incorrect Numbers.
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Do shock absorbing insoles in recruits undertaking high levels of physical activity reduce lower limb injury? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Richard Withnall, Joanne Eastaugh, Nick Freemantle
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

Objectives To assess the benefits, if any, of the use of shock absorbing insoles in reducing lower limb injury among Air Force recruits, and to assess the differences, if any, in the efficacy of two commonly available shock absorbing insoles. Design Randomized controlled trial. Setting: RAF Halton, UK. Site of all basic training for RAF personnel. Participants: 1205 recruits participating in basic training between 17 September 2003 and 7 April 2004. Interventions: Participants were randomized to receive either standard issue Saran non-shock absorbing insoles, or shock absorbing Sorbothane or Poron insoles, on a 1:1:1 basis. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome measure was withdrawal from training for lower limb injury. The two primary comparisons were shock absorbing insole versus non-shock absorbing insole, and Sorbothane versus Poron (comparison of different shock absorbing insoles). Secondary outcomes were medical withdrawals for reasons other than those qualifying for the primary outcome measure. Results When comparing the non-shock absorbing insole to the shock absorbing insoles 72/401 participants (18.0%) allocated to Saran insoles were removed from training because of a qualifying lower limb injury, compared with 149/ 804 (18.5%) allocated to the shock absorbing insole (Sorbothane or Poron), odds ratio 1.04 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.44; P=0.87). When comparing the two shock absorbing insole 73/ 421 participants (17.3%) randomized to Sorbothane were removed from training because of a qualifying lower limb injury, compared with 76/383 for Poron (19.8%), odds ratio 0.85 (95% CI 0.58 to 1.23; P=0.37). Conclusions Similar rates of lower limb injuries were observed for all insoles (shock absorbing and non-shock absorbing) in the trial. The trial provides no support for a change in policy to the use of shock absorbing insoles for military recruits.
Censorship of the atomic bomb casualty reports in occupied Japan. A complete ban vs temporary delay
Authors: S. Nishimura
Journal: JAMA (1995)

For the last 50 years, widely believed misunderstandings have existed concerning allegations of US suppression of the atomic bomb casualty reports in Occupied Japan.<sup>1,2</sup>This article clarifies these misunderstandings, discussing both the US and Japan sides of history. The research is based on declassified records from several sections of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP), which were verified with Japanese records. <h3>Atomic Bomb Injury</h3> On August 9,1945, at 11:02 AM, Shigeyasu Aritomi, a medical student of Nagasaki Medical College, experienced the atomic bomb. Despite fatigue and dizziness, Shigeyasu dug himself out of the crushed hospital ward and walked home.<sup>3</sup>Seven days later, Shigeyasu died of radiation sickness, then called "the symptoms of the first period of atomic bomb injury": extreme fatigue, nausea and vomiting, fever, hematuria, mucous bloody stools, hemoptysis, and gingival bleeding, caused by severe damage to the internal organs and blood cells. Some survived
MEDICAL SUPERVISION OF COMMERCIAL LABORATORIES
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
People v Henderson: the prosecution responds
Authors: L. S. Green
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We appreciate the letter from the prosecuting attorney. It illustrates eloquently the difficulties we had with this case. If there were a law that states a mother is totally responsible for any adverse event in her child's life, then Ms Henderson would be guilty. But is not that the same type of reasoning that put many parents of infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in jail? Our point was and still is that it is improper to pretend to use science to adjudicate a predetermined end. Regarding the reimbursement received for testifying, we received a total of $11135. As itemized in the Editor's note, this sum barely covered out-of-pocket expenses and does not reflect the time and professional work we devoted to this case. Ms Green assumes that the methamphetamine came from breast milk, although the mother had not used the drug for 2 or
Table of Contents
Authors: Filippo Pinto E Vairo, Jennifer Kemppainen, John Lieske, Peter Harris, Marie Hogan, Adrian Woolf, Romy Bouwmeester, Nicole Van De Kar, Jack Wetzels, Normand Leblanc, Matthew Bailey, Michael Mengel, Michelle Lubetzky, Prabir Roy-Chaudhury, Theodore Saad, Scott Trerotola, Nicola Tomas, Simon Mortensen, Matthias Wilmanns, Tobias Huber, Gabriel Lerner, Samarth Virmani, Joel Henderson, Jean Francis, Laurence Beck
Journal: Kidney International (2021)
Endothelial Heparan Sulfate Controls Chemokine Presentation in Recruitment of Lymphocytes and Dendritic Cells to Lymph Nodes
Authors: Xingfeng Bao, E. Ashley Moseman, Hideo Saito, Bronislawa Petryniak, Aude Thiriot, Shingo Hatakeyama, Yuki Ito, Hiroto Kawashima, Yu Yamaguchi, John B. Lowe, Ulrich H. von Andrian, Minoru Fukuda
Journal: Immunity (2011)
Long-term effects of Bacilles Calmette-Guerin perfusion therapy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma in situ.
Authors: Takahiro Yoneyama, Yuki Tobisawa, Tohru Yoneyama, Hayato Yamamoto, Atsushi Imai, Kazuyuki Mori, Shingo Hatakeyama, Yasuhiro Hashimoto, Takuya Koie, Chikara Ohyama
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

343 Background: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy has already been established as a treatment for muscle noninvasive bladder cancer. Although there are several reports indicating the effectiveness of BCG perfusion therapy for the upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma in situ(CIS), it is not well established yet. We conducted a retrospective study to assess the long-term effects of BCG perfusion therapy for the upper urinary tract CIS. Methods: Thirty-one subjects (24 male, 7 female) who received BCG perfusion therapy for the upper urinary tract CIS from December 1997 to December 2013 were enrolled. 11 subjects had the entire urinary tract CIS, 8 had bilateral, 12 had unilateral CIS of the urinary tract. The average period of observation was 49.9 months (ranging from 5 to 196 months), and the average subject age was 74.8 years (ranging from 56 to 90 years). We used a double-J catheter for 22 cases, a transvesical single-J catheter whose curl was positions in an upper calyx for 8 cases, and a straight ureteral catheter inserted for ureterocutaneostomy for 1 case. We used 80 mg of BCG for the first five cases, 40 mg for the late 26 cases. Urine cytology was performed to assess the treatment validity. Results: Of the 31 cases, the treatment protocol was completed in 27 cases. Urine cytology tests became negative in 25 of the 31 subjects (80.7%) who underwent upper urinary tract perfusion. Among these 22 subjects who had negative tests, 8 subjects had a recurrence in their upper urinary tracts. Side effects were observed in 28 subjects (90.3%), and the most common side effect was bladder irritation. Localized renal tuberculosis, which was successfully treated with conservative therapy, was seen in two cases. Conclusions: BCG perfusion therapy for the upper urinary tract CIS is effective. However, severe side effects are possible, and careful observation is essential while using this therapy.
HIV Testing, Linkage to HIV Medical Care, and Interviews for Partner Services Among Youths — 61 Health Department Jurisdictions, United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, 2015
Authors: Renee Stein, Wei Song, Mariette Marano, Heta Patel, Shubha Rao, Elana Morris
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

Identifying persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who are unaware of their infection, linking them to HIV medical care, and reducing health disparities are important national goals (1). Of the 8,841 teens and young adults aged 13-24 years (collectively referred to as youths in this report) who received a diagnosis of HIV in 2014, 70% were young men who have sex with men (MSM) (2). In the same year, an estimated 52% of young MSM living with HIV were unaware of their infection compared with 15% among all persons living with HIV (3). An average of 22% of high school students who have had sexual intercourse and 33% of young adults (persons aged 18-24 years) reported ever receiving an HIV test (4). CDC recommends screening all persons aged 13-64 years, with annual rescreening for persons at high risk for HIV infection (5). Analysis of CDC-funded program data for youths submitted by 61 health departments in 2015 revealed that young MSM, who accounted for 83% of new diagnoses among all youths in non-health care facilities, received 28% of HIV tests.* The 2020 national goal is to link at least 85% of HIV-positive persons to HIV medical care within 30 days of diagnosis. In this analysis, 66% of youths who received positive test results for HIV infection were linked to care within 90 days of diagnosis. Increasing the number of youths at risk for HIV infection who are tested for HIV on a regular basis and ensuring that youths who receive positive test results for HIV are rapidly linked to and retained in appropriate medical care, including early initiation of antiretroviral therapy, are essential steps for reducing HIV infection in this vulnerable population.