tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Conditions for quantitation of HCV RNA in clinical practice The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md and Roche Molecular Systems, Branchburg, NJ
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Improvements in bile duct injury repairs have been shown in centres with specialized surgeons. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the temporal change in the pattern of referral, technical variation associated with repair and long-term outcome of bile duct injuries at a tertiary referral centre in Mexico City.A retrospective case note review was performed. Patients were divided into two groups: group I (GI) 1990 to 2004 and group II (GII) 2005–2008, and appropriate statistical analysis undertaken.Over a 20-year period, 312 patients with iatrogenic bile duct injuries required surgical treatment (GI = 169, GII = 140 patients). All injuries were reconstructed using a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. The proportion of patients who had undergone a laparoscopic cholecystectomy increased from 24% to 36% (P = 0.017) over the two time periods. In the second time period there was an increase in segment IV and V partial resections (P = 0.020), a reduction in the use of transanastomotic stents (42% to 2%, P = 0.001) and an increase in the proportion of patients requiring a neoconfluence (2% to 11%, P = 0.003). In the second time period, the number of patients requiring a hepatectomy during repair (2% to 1%, P = 0.001), a portoenterostomy (16% to 9%, P = 0.060) or a double-barrel hepatico-jejunostomy (5% to 1%, P = 0.045) significantly decreased. During follow-up, patients in the second time period had a reduction in the incidence of post-operative cholangitis (11% to 6%, P = 0.310) and the frequency of post-operative anastomotic stenoses (13% to 5%, P = 0.010). Mortality remained low throughout the series but was absent in the second group.Changes in technique and growing experience of the multidisciplinary team improved operative and long-term results of bile duct injury repair.
Megavitamin Therapy
Authors: Linus Pauling
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The short article "Megavitamin Therapy" (233:550, 1975), contains the sentence, "A regrettable side effect of quackery, magnified in our era of instant communication, is that extensive efforts of responsible scientists are needed to test and expose irresponsible proposals and suggestions<sup>3,6</sup>that promise 'health' from overdosage with universal remedies." Reference 3 is "Pauling L: Orthomolecular psychiatry.<i>Science</i>160:265-271, 1968," and reference 6 is "Pauling L: Are recommended daily allowances for vitamin C adequate?<i>Proc Natl Acad Sci</i>71:4442-4446, 1974." Each of these papers presents a reasonable argument, based upon the existing evidence and with many references to the literature. There is nothing irresponsible in these papers. I am shocked that<i>JAMA</i>should publish the completely unjustified charge that I make irresponsible proposals and suggestions. It would have been much better to have devoted these pages to a reasoned and responsible discussion of the arguments that I have
Informed consent in tests of patient reliability
Authors: S. Bok
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Investigators examining such practices as alcohol or other drug abuse, incest, and family violence often confront a difficult dilemma in obtaining the informed consent of those persons whom they wish to enlist as subjects in prospective studies. They know that the canons of research ethics require them to see to it that each subject is "adequately informed of the aims, methods, anticipated benefits, and potential hazards of the study and the discomforts it may entail"<sup>1,2</sup>; they know, further, that each subject's consent, if given, must be entirely free, "without the intervention of any element of force or fraud."<sup>3</sup>Yet they recognize that many individuals, if informed of the aims of such a study, will choose not to participate, no matter what assurances are made regarding confidentiality or anonymity, and that the results will therefore be biased from the outset. Those who do consent to taking part in the
Effects of amiodarone on wavefront dynamics during ventricular fibrillation in isolated swine right ventricle Chikaya Omichi, Shengmei Zhou, Moon-Hyoung Lee, Che-Ming Chang, Alan Garfinkel, James N. Weiss, Shien-Fong Lin, Hrayr S. Karagueuzian, Peng-Sheng Chen. Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles, CA, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Reply
Authors: W Fischbach, F Boege, W Becker
Journal: Gut (1989)

Qualitative differences in faecal alpha-1-antitrypsin in patients with Crohn's disease SIR,-The use of faecal alpha-1-antitrypsin (A-1-AT) in the assessment of Crohn's disease (CD) activity remains controversial.In a recent study Fischbach et al found no correlation of faecal A-1-AT with ESR, serum albumin, orosomucoid, activity index of Van Hees, or CDAI.' Conversely, faecal A-1-AT was well correlated with a clinical score, serum orosomucoid, and C-reactive protein in another work by Meyers et al.2We think that biochemical changes of A-1-AT in the intestine, resulting in an apparent decrease of its faecal concentration, when measured by standard radial immunodiffusion, could explain these discrepancies.We have compared3 the biochemical character- istics of faecal A-1-AT in 14 CD (five men, nine women, mean age 28 years) and in 10 healthy controls (six men, four women, mean age 30 years).The CD location was the ileum in five of 14, the ileum and colon in seven of 14, and the colon in two of 14; the mean duration of disease was 4-8 years (0-2-20).According to CDAI, the disease was active in II of 14 patients and inactive in three of 14.Twenty four hour stools were collected for three days and homogenised.After preparation, sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblot were applied to analysis of faecal A-i-AT.Two main A-1-AT biochemical forms of respec- tively 38 000 molecular weight and 51000 mol wt were characterised.Faecal extracts from controls contained only the 38000 mol wt A-1-AT component.Both 38 000 and 51 000 mol wt A-1-AT were lead to determination of their relative immuno-reactivity.
Science reporters hear wide range of recent data at 12th annual conference
Authors: A. A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE LATEST developments in fields as diverse as psychiatry for the elderly, gene therapy for children, preventing restenosis after cardiac surgery in the middle-aged, and health care reform for everyone were presented to science reporters who gathered in Philadelphia, Pa, for the American Medical Association's 12th Annual Science Reporters Conference. The event was cosponsored by the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center and supported by an educational grant from Burroughs Wellcome Co, Research Triangle Park, NC. <h3>Preventing Restenosis</h3> Eliot Barnathan, MD, estimates that millions of dollars could be saved by preventing the restenosis of blood vessels that commonly occurs after coronary artery angioplasty and atherectomy. Preventing blockage of coronary artery bypass grafts may result in even greater savings, because fewer patients would require repeat surgery. Barnathan, an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, says he believes that the key to preventing restenosis is controlling smooth muscle
Research Governance: Ethical Issues
Authors: Anne Slowther, Petra Boynton, Sara Shaw
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

Summary Healthcare research is haunted by a history of unethical studies in which profound harm was caused to vulnerable individuals. Official systems for gaining ethical approval for research, designed to prevent a repetition of these shameful examples, can prove bureaucratic and inflexible in practice. The core ethical principles of respect for autonomy, prevention of harm, promotion of benefit, and justice (which form the basis of professional codes of research conduct) must be applied flexibly to take account of contextual, methodological, personal and practical considerations. Ensuring that the design and conduct of all research is ethically sound is the responsibility of all involved–-including researchers, research institutions, ethics review committees and regulatory bodies.
Breast-Feeding among Women Exposed to Polybrominated Biphenyls in Michigan
Authors: Ann R. Thomas, Michele Marcus, Rebecca H. Zhang, Heidi Michels Blanck, Paige E. Tolbert, Vicki Hertzberg, Alden K. Henderson, Carol Rubin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

In the early 1970s, the largest industrial accident in the United States resulted in widespread contamination of the food supply in Michigan with polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs). The chemical similarity of PBBs to compounds implicated as endocrine disruptors has raised the question of whether PBBs could affect the reproductive system. In the present analysis we examine the relation between serum measurements of PBBs and the frequency and duration of lactation. Persons who lived on or received food from farms exposed to PBBs were enrolled in a registry by the Michigan Department of Public Health. Female members of the cohort were invited to participate in a telephone survey of reproductive outcomes. The three outcomes of interest in the present analysis were a) the decision to breast-feed (yes/no); b) the duration, in months, of breast-feeding as the main source of nutrition; and c) the total duration, in months, of breast-feeding. None of the three outcomes was significantly associated with serum PBB levels, even after controlling for maternal age, previous history of breast-feeding, body mass index, maternal education, household income, history of smoking in the year before pregnancy, consumption of alcohol during the first trimester of pregnancy, history of thyroid disorder, gestational age of the infant in weeks, time to pregnancy, and year of birth.
CENTENARIANISM.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mitral Regulation
Authors: Reginald E. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Dr. Thomas E. Shea: This 47-year-old housewife entered the hospital because of a heart murmur and shortness of breath. She had been in good health until five years before admission, when she noted the gradual onset of exertional dyspnea and occasional episodes of wheezing. She had no acute problems until one year later when she developed fever and cough for which she was treated with antibiotics. Roentgenograms of the chest at that time were interpreted as showing pulmonary congestion and possibly pneumonia. Physical examination on admission to this hospital revealed the thyroid to be enlarged. The lungs were clear and the heart was moderately enlarged. The cardiac rhythm was regular at 120 beats per minute. There was a grade 2 systolic murmur and a grade 2 diastolic rumble located at the apex. The second pulmonic sound was accentuated. There was no presystolic accentuation, nor was there an opening snap. The
Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of The Endocrine Society
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1982)

Journal Article Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of The Endocrine Society Get access Endocrine Reviews, Volume 3, Issue 1, 1 January 1982, Page 121, https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv-3-1-121 Published: 01 January 1982
Comparing Endovascular and Open Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm—Reply
Authors: Frank A. Lederle
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In This Issue of <i>Diabetes Care</i>
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Updated Clinical Practice Recommendations for HypoglycemiaHypoglycemia is related to increased risk for unfavorable outcomes in both adults and children.In 2012, the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society convened a workgroup on hypoglycemia (p.1384) to update guidelines and address several important issues related to hypoglycemia in diabetes.These included defi nitions and reporting, short-and long-term outcomes, treatment targets, prevention strategies, clinical recommendations, and existing knowledge gaps.The workgroup suggests that a glucose ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L) should serve as an alert level for risk of hypoglycemia, and it defi nes several hypoglycemia subclassifi cations.These include severe hypoglycemia, documented symptomatic hypoglycemia, asymptomatic hypoglycemia, and probable symptomatic hypoglycemia.The new report discusses a number of hypoglycemia-related outcomes in detail including death, hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure, central nervous system consequences (particularly in children and older adults), components of the geriatric syndrome (e.g., falls), inpatient outcomes, decreased quality of life, and limitations in activities of daily living.The report recommends that glycemic treatment targets should be individualized based on patient-specifi c characteristics such as age, life expectancy, comorbid conditions, patient preferences, and quality-of-life concerns.The workgroup endorses strategies for prevention and clinical care of hypoglycemia including patient education, monitoring and modifi cation of diet and exercise, medication adjustment, and tracking of both symptoms and glucose by patients and physicians.Finally, the report details existing knowledge gaps in the area of hypoglycemia.These gaps include lack of reliable and consistent hypoglycemia surveillance methods, defi nition of high-risk groups, development of new educational methods, advancing therapies to reduce glucose without hypoglycemia, creating patient-friendly technologies to monitor glycemia with greater accuracy, understanding the mechanisms of hypoglycemia and its outcomes, and better characterization of adverse outcomes.The new guidelines refl ect progress in the understanding of hypoglycemia and also detail the challenges that lie ahead.-
Recent Events of Major Significance to Medical Education
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Anabolic steroid use among male high school seniors
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recent attention has been given in the press and professional journals to the abuse of anabolic corticosteroids and human growth hormones used alone and in conjunction with other drugs by professional and amateur athletes as well as those interested in bodybuilding.<sup>1-3</sup>There are various potential health problems associated with the effects of steroids on natural hormonal production and the effects of exposure of various end-organs to nonphysiological concentrations of these substances.<sup>4</sup>To this list of consequences of the use of steroids we and others would add another possible health hazard: infection with human immunodeficiency virus (P. Goldstein, personal communication, October 1988).<sup>5</sup> Anabolic steroids are used both orally and intramuscularly.<sup>1</sup>It is not unusual for "couples" or groups of workout buddies to share injection equipment when administering steroids to specific muscles being developed,<sup>3</sup>with one individual of the couple or group injecting the
Mapping cold virus structure may expand therapeutic strategies
Authors: C. A. Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1986)

After centuries of more or less ineffectual skirmishing, investigators are now bringing in the heavy artillery to battle the common cold. Using high energy x-rays, they are bombarding cold viruses and shedding light on their previously unmapped topography. Calling on techniques of macromolecular crystallography, investigators at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind, and the University of Wisconsin, Madison, hope to use their map of one cold virus to find new and better ways to pierce the biochemical armor of an elusive enemy. Recently, Purdue's Michael G. Rossman, PhD, and Wisconsin's Roland R. Rueckert, PhD, announced they had determined the three-dimensional structure of rhinovirus 14 (RV-14), the first animal virus to be so mapped (<i>Nature</i>1985;317:145-153). The virus looks like a miniature soccer ball, "a sphere with an outside protein coat in an icosahedral arrangement," as Rossman explains it. Each side is composed of three identical triangles of proteins; the surface proteins
The Treatment of Wounds: Its Principles and Practice, General and Special.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 1359: Only the Catalytic p110alpha Isoform Mediates Class IA PI 3-Kinase-Induced Atherogenic Signals in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Marius Vantler, Lenard Mustafov, Evren Caglayan, Stephan Rosenkranz
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are pivotal determinants of the pathogenesis of vascular diseases, which are mainly controlled by growth factor dependent activation of PI 3-Kinase (PI3K). Growth factors like platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) activate class IA PI3Ks containing one of three p110 catalytic subunits (p110alpha, p110beta, and p110delta). We investigated the specific function of these isoforms for PDGF-controlled proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of VSMC using novel isoform-specific inhibitors. PDGF-dependent proliferation and migration solely depended on p110alpha. Stimulation of VSMC with PDGF-BB (50 ng/ml) mediated a 2.5±0.4 increase ( p &lt;0.05) of DNA-synthesis (BrdU incorporation assay) and induced a 3.4+/−0.7 fold increase ( p &lt;0.05) of VSMC migration (modified Boyden-chamber). Inhibition of p110alpha with PIK075 (1 μ M, Ki=100 nM) completely abrogated PDGF-dependent DNA-synthesis and migration ( p &lt;0,05), whereas inhibitors against p110beta (TGX 221, 1 μ M) or p110delta (IC87114 1 μ M) had no influence. Consistently, PDGF-induced DNA-synthesis and migration were suppressed by siRNA-dependent downregulation of p110alpha ( p &lt;0,05) whereas p110beta or p110delta knockdown had no effect. Interestingly, stimulation of VSMC with PDGF-BB (50 ng/ml) induced anti- or proapoptotic effects depending on the duration of PDGFR activation. Incubation of VSMC with H 2 O 2 (50 μ M, 16h) led to a 2.8±0.7 fold increase ( p &gt;0.05) of apoptosis (Cell Death Detection ELISA). Simultanous addition of PDGF-BB (50 ng/ml) significantly diminished the H 2 O 2 -induced apoptosis (52±7%, p &gt;0.05). In contrast, prestimulation with PDGF-BB 24h prior to the addition of H 2 O 2 led to an increase of H 2 O 2 -induced apoptosis (7.8±1.3, p &gt;0.05). The anti- as well as the proapoptotic effect depended strictly on p110alpha as PIK075 (1 μ M, p &lt;0,05) or p110alpha specific siRNA completely abrogated PDGF-BB-mediated pro- as well as antiapoptotic effects. Our results demonstrate that only the catalytical PI3K subunit p110alpha mediates the growth factor-induced atherogenic responses. Therefore, p110alpha represents an interesting therapeutic target for prevention of atherosclerosis and restenosis formation.