tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Unusual Causes of Death in Haitians Residing in Miami
Authors: Lee B. Moskowitz
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Twenty-one (100%) Haitians and 42 (21.5%) of 192 native black Americans autopsied in a 33-month period at Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, were included in this review. All autopsied materials were examined. Among the Haitians autopsied, infectious diseases accounted for 11 (52%) of 21 deaths.<i>Toxoplasma</i>encephalitis was the leading cause of death (five cases). Other infectious causes of death included disseminated cryptococcosis (one), disseminated cytomegalovirus diseases (one),<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia (one), chronic active hepatitis B (two), and bacterial pneumonia (one). Malignant neoplasms were also found to be causes of death and these included a single case of each of the following: adenocarcinoma of the lung, multiple myeloma, diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, hepatoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma. Deaths of the remaining cases were due to hypertensive cardiovascular diseases (two), rheumatic heart disease (one), glomerulonephritis (one), and intimal fibroplasia of coronary arteries (one). Seven Haitian cases fulfilled the Centers for Disease Control case definition for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). For comparison, autopsies of black Americans were chosen from conditions that would most likely predispose them to opportunistic infections. Among the autopsies on black Americans there were no cases of opportunistic infections or Kaposi's sarcoma that were considered to be consistent with the AIDS. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:1187-1191)
Editorial board and contents
Authors: Katrina Portfolio, Linsey Meredith, Jessica Jones, Fiz Osborne, Lynne Herndon, R Dirzo, Mexico City, Mexico Dobson, M Donoghue, Switzerland Basel, G Mace, B Macfadden, R May, H Mooney, Usa Moritz, R Nesse, K Padian, Judith Mank, Hans Ellegren, Birgit Schlick-Steiner, Bernhard Seifert, Christian Stauffer, Erhard Christian, Ross Crozier, Florian Steiner, Jeffrey Chambers, Gregory Asner, Douglas Morton, Liana Anderson, Sassan Saatchi, Fernando Espírito-Santo, Michael Palace, Carlos Souza, Philip Donoghue, Michael Benton, Jelmer Elzinga, Anne Atlan, Arjen Biere, Luc Gigord, Arthur Weis, Giorgina Bernasconi, Richard Buchholz, Benjamin Oldroyd, Jennifer Fewell, Matthew Thomas, Adele Reid, Mark Vellend, Luke Harmon, Julie Lockwood, Margaret Mayfield, A Hughes, John Wares, Dov Sax, John Stachowicz, James Brown, John Bruno, Michael Dawson, Steven Gaines, Richard Grosberg, Alan Hastings, Robert Holt, Mary O'connor, William Rice, Raphael Didham, Jason Tylianakis, Neil Gemmell, Tatyana Rand, Robert Ewers, Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau, Cécile Robin, Marc Buée, Régis Courtecuisse, Jean Garbaye, Frédéric Suffert, Ivan Sache, David Rizzo, Joe Roman, John Darling, Samuel Cotton, Claus Wedekind
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2007)
Brain Serotonin Neurotoxicity and Fenfluramine and Dexfenfluramine-Reply
Authors: Lewis S. Seiden
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Lipetz presents intriguing evidence for differences in the Trp/LNAA ratios of fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine users vs control dieters that, at least in part, may be related to the serotonergic neurotoxic effects of fenfluramine(s). The basis for the sex differences and his suggestion that tolerance to the anorectic effects of fenfluramine(s) may be related to the loss of brain serotonin terminals both merit further exploration. As we have discussed elsewhere,<sup>1,2</sup>persistent tolerance after discontinuation of use of fenfluramines may signal brain serotonin neural injury. Dr Mattes raises the important question of whether classic psychostimulants might be safer than fenfluramine(s) for the purposes of weight loss. While this may be true for phentermine and possibly other amphetamine derivatives (eg, methylphenidate), issues other than potential neurotoxic effects (eg, abuse liability, tolerance) also need to be considered when evaluating drug safety. Drs O'Callaghan and Miller contest our assertion that the available data
Surgical Hemostasis With a Factor XI-Containing Concentrate
Authors: Rodger L. Bick
Journal: JAMA (1974)

In factor XI deficiency, plasma infusions remain the primary source of replacement but often prove inadequate in a hemorrhagic crisis. A large amount of factor XI was found to be present in a prothrombin-containing concentrate. This was used when a severely factor XI-deficient patient required extensive hip surgery, during which excellent surgical hemostasis was achieved. Despite the considerable risk of viral hepatitis, this concentrate should prove highly useful in deficient patients with actual or prospective life-threatening hemorrhage. (<i>JAMA</i>229:163-165, 1974)
A Guide to Human Parasitology for Medical Practitioners
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prospective Study of Liver Function following Repeat Halothane and Enflurane
Authors: J W Dundee, PDA McIlroy, J P H Fee, G W Black
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1981)

In a prospective study of liver function following repeat anaesthesia, patients who received repeat halothane had a higher frequency of abnormal liver enzyme results than a similar group who received repeat enflurane. Obesity and short intervals between administrations increased the likelihood of abnormal liver enzyme activity in the halothane group. Enflurane would seem to be the volatile agent of choice for repeat anaesthesia in such circumstances.
Abnormal Liver Function and Synthetic Estrogens
Authors: H. B. Eisenstadt
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To The Editor:—</h3> The use of synthetic estrogen-progesterone combinations for the control of ovulation and menstrual disturbances has become widespread in recent years. Therefore, any observation that may reveal an untoward side effect of these substances is of considerable significance. A 25-year-old white woman had given birth to her third child one year ago. The pregnancy had been uncomplicated. Prior to her confinement, she was seen in our clinic on several occasions for minor ailments. Shortly after delivery, she started to take norethindrone with mestranol (Ortho-Novum, 2-mg tablets) for 20 days of each cycle. After using this steroid combination for nine months, she experienced anorexia, nausea, malaise, fatigue, and postprandial indigestion and lost a few pounds of weight. She also had periods of trembling and hunger, relieved by sweets and sugar. A six-hour glucose tolerance test had shown a blood glucose concentration of 65 mg/100 ml in the four-hour specimen.
Correction
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

In the article on hTERT-Specific T-Helper Responses in the October 15, 2003, issue of Clinical Cancer Research, Figure 5A was incorrect. The corrected figure appears below.Schroers R, Shen L, Rollins L, et al. Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase-Specific T-Helper Responses Induced by Promiscuous Major Histocompatability Complex Class II-Restricted Epitopes. Clin Cancer Res 2003;9:4743–55.
Vaccine Safety, Media Reporting, and Miss America
Authors: Roland D. Eavey
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Dr Freed and colleagues<sup>1</sup>about vaccination safety and the public concern that resulted from erroneous media reports that routine childhood vaccination was responsible for causing deafness in Heather Whitestone, Miss America of 1994, was a thoughtful and appreciated effort for those who deal with the issue of hearing loss. Curiously, however, the authors fell a touch shy on their investigations. First, in support of their own position they overlooked a publication demonstrating the lack of correlation between DTP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) vaccination and hearing loss.<sup>2</sup>This publication was generated as part of an inquiry from the Vaccination Injury Compensation Program. Second, they failed to discuss the issue or its ramifications with Ms Whitestone herself. Ms Whitestone provides a touching story: she merely reported information she had been told years before, and the press made more of an issue of her being deaf
Temporal chaos in the microcirculation
Authors: T.M. Griffith
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

In vivo, spontaneous rhythmic contraction and dilatation of the vessel wall and the nonlinear rheological properties of blood both contribute to irregular fluctuations in microcirculatory blood flow over time. In isolated vessels, vasomotion exhibits patterns of behaviour that are highly characteristic of many non-biological nonlinear systems, including exactly integral periodicity and well-characterized routes for the transition from periodic to chaotic dynamics such as period-doubling. Nonlinear mathematical analysis of the effects of specific pharmacological interventions suggests the participation of a minimum of 4 key control variables which, at the cellular level, appear to involve Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and inward Ca2+ and outward K+ fluxes at the cell membrane. Four dominant variables may thus be [Ca2+] in the cytosol, [Ca2+] in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, membrane potential and the open state probability of certain K+ channel subtypes. Nonlinear analysis also indicates that nitric oxide synthesis by the vascular endothelium and changes in intraluminal flow and pressure are not significant determinants of the complexity of the underlying dynamics. Chaotic systems exhibit extreme sensitivity to initial conditions and their behaviour may appear highly unpredictable. This potentially accounts for variability in response to both pharmacological interventions and altered conditions of perfusion. The sensitivity of chaotic systems to perturbation can nevertheless be exploited to bring about large changes in state with minimum expenditure of energy, so that chaotic dynamics may confer a high degree of flexibility in overall control. Indeed, relatively simple control techniques based on negative feedback can readily stabilize the irregular responses of isolated arteries as periodic or steady-state behaviour but, alternatively, may also lead to an increase in overall dynamical complexity. At the present time, however, it remains unknown whether the chaotic nature of vasomotion confers specific benefits over and above those obtainable with sinusoidal control of vascular calibre (e.g.) in the regulation of vascular resistance, mass transport and tissue pressure.
Immunohistochemical Localization of Catechol Methyltransferase in Normal and Cancerous Breast Tissues of Mice and Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Afaf M. Amin, Cyrus R. Creveling, Michael C. Lowe
 6
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

The immunocytochemical localization of catechol methyltransferase was determined in normal and cancerous breast tissues of inbred female Swiss-Webster mice and in normal, lactating, and cancerous breast tissues of inbred Sprague-Dawley rats. The enzyme was found to be cytoplasmically localized in ductal epithelial cells of secretory tubules in both inactive and stimulated mammary glands, in endothelial cells lining blood vessels, in fibroblasts in the connective tissue matrix, and, especially, in tumor cells. Adipose cells were nonreactive. The intensity of the immunocytochemical reaction in tumor cells was stronger than that in lactating tissues, which, in turn, was more reactive than that in normal, unstimulated breast tissues.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Multiple oncogene fusions, involving the NRG1, ERBB4, BRAF, ALK and RET genes, were identified as drivers for development of invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) of the lungs. These fusions, and BRAF and EGFR activating mutations, occurred in approximately 15% of IMA cases. The aberrations were exclusively detected in cases without KRAS mutation, a known major oncogene aberration in IMA. These fusions represent therapeutic targets for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) approved for clinical use, in addition to BRAF and EGFR mutations.Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive and therapeutically resistant tumors with gene amplification for receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) such as c-Kit and PDGFR. Patwardhan and colleagues tested the efficacy of imatinib and PLX3397, a selective c-Kit and c-Fms inhibitor in MPNST cells and xenografts. Although both drugs showed comparable efficacy in vitro, PLX3397 treatment was superior in blocking RTK pathways and resulted in significant macrophage depletion in vivo. PLX3397 and rapamycin combination further enhanced macrophage depletion and resulted in sustained tumor suppression. PLX3397 and rapamycin combination therapy could provide a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of MPNSTs.Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogenous disease associated with treatment resistance and a lack of effective therapeutic targets. In this study, Chittaranjan and colleagues explore whether manipulating autophagy improves treatment efficacy in TNBC. They find that epirubicin-induced apoptosis was augmented by autophagy suppression in both anthracycline - sensitive and resistant TNBC cells in vitro. In TNBC tumor xenograft mouse models, combined treatment of epirubicin and the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine significantly reduced the growth of both anthracycline sensitive and resistant TNBC tumors, compared with either monotherapy. These findings support a strategy combining autophagy inhibition with anthracycline therapy for TNBC.Reliable detection and characterization of prostate cancer is still challenging. In a registered prospective diagnostic trial, Hartenbach and colleagues investigated the value of combining the high sensitivity of 18Fluoroethylcholine-(FEC)-PET with the high resolution of T2w endorectal MRI for the detection of primary prostate cancer. They reported significantly higher diagnostic accuracy for the combination of both imaging techniques as compared to each single method in the detection of the clinically significant intraprostatic tumor lesions. Furthermore, FEC-PET enabled noninvasive assessment of tumor aggressiveness in this setting. Combined PET/MRI promises to reduce the number of patients subjected to over- or undertreatment and could potentially enhance the success rate of needle biopsies.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)

Fc-gamma receptor (FCGR) genotypes have been shown to influence patient outcome following treatment with mAb-based immunotherapeutics in different cancer settings. Erbe and colleagues show that those FCGR SNP genotypes (FCGR2A, FCGR3A, and FCGR2C) related to greater FCGR function, associate with better response following treatment with IL2 (i.e., not an mAb-based immunotherapeutic) for metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients. This work raises important questions regarding endogenous antibody responses potentially involved, either in ADCC or in antibody facilitated antigen presentation, in a variety of therapies where a role for endogenous antibody influence was not previously considered.MYD88 mutations, notably the L265P variant, are a distinguishing feature of ABC subtype DLBCL. To explore the genomic profiles of MYD88 mutant DLBCL, Dubois and colleagues studied 361 DLBCL cases submitted to next generation sequencing, gene expression profiling, and clinical and prognostic analyses. Distinct genomic profiles for MYD88 L265P and non-L265P mutant DLBCL were highlighted; clustering analysis also segregated subgroups per associated alterations among patients with the same MYD88 mutation. Importantly, the survival of MYD88 L265P mutant ABC DLBCL was significantly improved by associated CD79B mutations. This study emphasizes the importance of genomic profiling to stratify patients for targeted therapy.Ren and colleagues established a method of high-efficient multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 editing to create triple-disrupted CAR T cells by electroporating the CAR T cells with RNA of CAS9 and gRNAs. The study shows the simultaneous and highly efficient disruption of the TCR and HLA expression so that universal CAR T cells can be produced. Checkpoint-resistant universal CAR T cells via additional disruption of PD1 showed improved antitumor efficacy in preclinical mouse models. The study shows highly efficient triple ablation (80%) in primary human T cells and that the efficiency of multiplex genetic editing has been sufficient to support future clinical trials.Cancer cells shape the microenvironment to promote malignancy by secreted factors. Tzeng and colleagues show that Rab37 small GTPase mediates the cross-talk between cancer cells and endothelial cells via exocytosis of antiangiogenic thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) for suppressing neoangiogenesis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Rab37-mediated exocytosis of TSP1 from cancer cells inhibited the activation of FAK/paxillin/ERK migration signaling in both cancer cells and their surrounding endothelial cells. Dysfunction of Rab37/TSP1 axis impaired the suppressive effects on tumor neovasculature and correlated with poor prognosis. The findings indicate a potential therapeutic value of targeting this pathway to treat ESCC.
Differential gut microbiota and intestinal permeability between frail and healthy older adults: A systematic review
Authors: Nur Hannah Rashidah, Siong Meng Lim, Chin Fen Neoh, Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed, Maw Pin Tan, Hui Min Khor, Ai Huey Tan, Siti Hajar Rehiman, Kalavathy Ramasamy
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2022)
The bullwhip effect, T-cell telomeres, and SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Abraham Aviv
Journal: The Lancet Healthy Longevity (2022)

Both myeloid cells, which contribute to innate immunity, and lymphoid cells, which dominate adaptive immunity, partake in defending against SARS-CoV-2. In response to the virus, the otherwise slow haematopoietic production supply chain quickly unleashes its preconfigured myeloid element, which largely resists a bullwhip-like effect. By contrast, the lymphoid element risks a bullwhip-like effect when it produces T cells and B cells that are specifically designed to clear the virus. As T-cell production is telomere-length dependent and telomeres shorten with age, older adults are at higher risk of a T-cell shortfall when contracting SARS-CoV-2 than are younger adults. A poorly calibrated adaptive immune response, stemming from a bullwhip-like effect, compounded by a T-cell deficit, might thus contribute to the propensity of people with inherently short T-cell telomeres to develop severe COVID-19. The immune systems of these individuals might also generate an inadequate T-cell response to anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
USPSTF recommends against beta carotene or vitamin E supplements for preventing CVD or cancer in adults
Authors: Michael Tanner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Source Citation US Preventive Services Task Force; Mangione CM, Barry MJ, et al. Vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin supplementation to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2022;327:2326-33. 35727271
In active UC, upadacitinib induced and maintained remission
Authors: Geoffrey M. Forbes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Source Citation Danese S, Vermeire S, Zhou W, et al. Upadacitinib as induction and maintenance therapy for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: results from three phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, randomised trials. Lancet. 2022;399:2113-28. 35644166
A task-shared, collaborative care psychosocial intervention for improving depressive symptomatology among older adults in a socioeconomically deprived area of Brazil (PROACTIVE): a pragmatic, two-arm, parallel-group, cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Marcia Scazufca, Carina A Nakamura, Nadine Seward, Darío Moreno-Agostino, Pepijn van de Ven, William Hollingworth, Tim J Peters, Ricardo Araya
Journal: The Lancet Healthy Longevity (2022)
Judge rebukes expert witness in injured baby case for series of failings
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Background: Pemetrexed-induced eyelid edema is a rare side-effect of pemetrexed treatment. Patients and Methods: Retrospective analysis of the incidence and severity of eyelid edema was conducted in patients treated with pemetrexed in a single institution. Results: Eighty-six patients received pemetrexed-containing chemotherapy either as a single agent (45 patients) or in combination with cis- or carboplatin (41 patients). Two patients (2.3%) with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presented the edema typically localized in the lower eyelid after first-line treatment with carboplatin-pemetrexed. The edema remained identical in both patients during treatment and regressed in one patient in whom treatment was withdrawn. No other localizations of edema were observed in these patients. Conclusion: Pemetrexed-induced eyelid edema may be more frequent than originally reported. The physiopathological mechanism and, as a consequence, the treatment and/or prevention of this apparently benign side-effect remains unknown.
Impact of Exercise on Outcomes and Phenotypic Expression in Athletes With Nonobstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Joyee Basu, Gherardo Finocchiaro, Shruti Jayakumar, Julia Schönfeld, Hamish MacLachlan, Chris Miles, Gemma Parry-Williams, Maite Tome, Michael Papadakis, Sanjay Sharma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Cardiac Outcomes in Adults With Mitochondrial Diseases
Authors: Konstantinos Savvatis, Christoffer Rasmus Vissing, Lori Klouvi, Anca Florian, Mehjabin Rahman, Anthony Béhin, Abdallah Fayssoil, Marion Masingue, Tanya Stojkovic, Henri Marc Bécane, Nawal Berber, Fanny Mochel, Denis Duboc, Bertrand Fontaine, Bjørg Krett, Caroline Stalens, Julie Lejeune, Robert D.S. Pitceathly, Luis Lopes, Malika Saadi, Thomas Gossios, Vincent Procaccio, Marco Spinazzi, Céline Tard, Pascal De Groote, Claire-Marie Dhaenens, Claire Douillard, Andoni Echaniz-Laguna, Ros Quinlivan, Michael G. Hanna, Ali Yilmaz, John Vissing, Pascal Laforêt, Perry Elliott, Karim Wahbi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)