tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. Probable benefits of increasing folic acid intakes
Authors: C. J. Boushey
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the risk of elevated total homocysteine (tHcy) levels for arteriosclerotic vascular disease, estimate the reduction of tHcy by folic acid, and calculate the potential reduction of coronary artery disease (CAD) mortality by increasing folic acid intake. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —MEDLINE search for meta-analysis of 27 studies relating homocysteine to arteriosclerotic vascular disease and 11 studies of folic acid effects on tHcy levels. <h3>Study Selection and Data Extraction.</h3> —Studies dealing with CAD, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial vascular disease were selected. Three prospective and six population-based case-control studies were considered of high quality. Five cross-sectional and 13 other case-control studies were also included. Causality of tHcy's role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease was inferred because of consistency across studies by different investigators using different methods in different populations. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —Elevations in tHcy were considered an independent graded risk factor for arteriosclerotic vascular diseases. The odds ratio (OR) for CAD of a 5-μmol/L tHcy increment is 1.6(95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.4 to 1.7) for men and 1.8 (95% Cl, 1.3 to 1.9) for women. A total of 10% of the population's CAD risk appears attributable to tHcy. The OR for cerebrovascular disease (5-μmol/L tHcy increment) is 1.5 (95% Cl, 1.3 to 1.9). Peripheral arterial disease also showed a strong association. Increased folic acid intake (approximately 200 μg/d) reduces tHcy levels by approximately 4 μmol/L. Assuming that lower tHcy levels decrease CAD mortality, we calculated the effect of (1) increased dietary folate, (2) supplementation by tablets, and (3) grain fortification. Under different assumptions, 13 500 to 50 000 CAD deaths annually could be avoided; fortification of food had the largest impact. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —A 5-μmol/L tHcy increment elevates CAD risk by as much as cholesterol increases of 0.5 mmol/L (20 mg/dL). Higher folic acid intake by reducing tHcy levels promises to prevent arteriosclerotic vascular disease. Clinical trials are urgently needed. Concerns about masking cobalamin deficiency by folic acid could be lessened by adding 1 mg of cobalamin to folic acid supplements. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1049-1057)
Neuroscience, History
Authors: Frank R. Freemon
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Untersuchungen über das periphere Nervensystem.
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Anatomy of the steroid receptor zinc finger region
Authors: L. P. Freedman
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1992)

LIKE many transcriptional regulatory proteins, nuclear hormone receptors are single polypeptides that are organized into relatively discrete functional domains (1). This common domain organization groups these receptors into a superfamily of functionally and most likely structurally related, hormonally regulable, transcription factors. The superfamily includes receptors for steroid hormones, such as glucocorticoids, progesterone, estrogen, aldosterone, and androgens, as well as hormonal forms of vitamins A and D, thyroid hormone, and peroxisomal activators (2–6). Several other receptorlike proteins whose ligands have yet to be identified have recently been isolated utilizing molecular cloning techniques. In the same way, several putative nuclear receptors from Drosophila that appear to act as regulators of early development (Refs. 7–10; reviewed in Ref. 11) have been identified, including a receptor for the insect steroid ecdysone (12). Upon association with a particular ligand, nuclear receptors, as soluble intracellular proteins, bind to specific DNA sites generally located upstream of responsive genes, and up- or down-regulate the transcription of those genes (13), presumably by functionally interacting with other components of the transcriptional apparatus. Domains for ligand binding (located in the carboxyterminal region), DNA binding (located toward the central or amino terminus), nuclear localization (within both the DNA- and ligand binding domains), and transcriptional modulation (localized to more variable regions of the receptors, including the N terminus) (Fig. 1) all can confer their specific functions when linked to unrelated, nonreceptor proteins (14–19). In addition, a putative dimerization region has been described that overlaps part of the ligand binding domain for some receptors (20–22).
Xylose absorption and duodenal diverticula
Authors: C. S. Reusch
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Numerous investigators<sup>1-4</sup>have reported that the measurement of the urinary excretion of xylose after the oral administration of the sugar is a reliable means of testing the absorption of carbohydrates. Xylose is not metabolized by the body but is excreted unchanged in the urine. We used this test to establish whether patients with duodenal diverticula had demonstrable evidence of malabsorption. Serum carotene levels have also been found useful in screening patients from malabsorption.<sup>3</sup> Most of the individuals with duodenal diverticula were over 50 years old. None had diverticula of the ileum or jejunum. As we took data on these patients, we became aware that the lowest xylose excretion values were in the oldest patients. Texter<sup>3</sup>reports a decrease in xylose excretion after the sixth decade. However, our data were inadequate to allow statistical evaluation of our patient group. <h3>Methods and Materials:—</h3> Food was withheld
The Pericardium
Authors: Nelson B. Schiller
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Most physicians knowledgeable in cardiovascular disease would probably agree that Ralph Shabetai, through his teaching and research, is the foremost contemporary contributor to our understanding of pericardial disease. His intent in writing this book seems to have been to share the knowledge and insights gained over a career devoted to this field. Because Shabetai is a competent writer and because he loves the historical aspects of his subject as much as the current issues, the book is both highly readable and a nearly complete reference source. I had a lot of fun reading it, partly because of the liberal inclusion of historical material. An example can be found in the chapter on constrictive pericarditis, where case reports by Norman Chevers written in 1842 are reprinted. These reports are outstanding examples of the timelessness of keen observation and effective writing. I suspect that most readers will share my enthusiasm for these
Failure of penicillin in a newborn with congenital syphilis
Authors: J. B. Hardy
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<i>A newborn had congenital syphilis, which was characterized by wide-spread infection of meninges, liver, pancreas, peritoneum, and long bones. In spite of treatment given to the mother ten days prior to delivery, and massive doses of penicillin G potassium given to the infant for 17 days after birth, viable and virulent</i>Treponema pallidum<i>were recovered from both the aqueous fluid and ground eye tissue removed at the autopsy, which was performed when the child died at age 22 days.</i>
Should youth mental health become a specialty in its own right? Yes
Authors: P. McGorry
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Mental illness often develops in adolescence or young adulthood. <b>Patrick McGorry</b> believes the best way to ensure early treatment is to have dedicated services, but <b>Peter Birleson</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.b3371) argues that integration with existing systems is more important
Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Mortality for Adults With Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Authors: Nicolas Rodondi, Douglas C. Bauer, Jacobijn Gussekloo
Journal: JAMA (2010)

To the Editor: In their study, Dr Rodondi and colleagues 1 addressed the issue of the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and coronary heart disease (CHD) or mortality.Previous large prospective cohort studies have provided conflicting results about this extensively studied association.In the study by Rodondi et al, an attempt to reduce the effects of several confounders (including age, sex, degree of thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH] elevation, and pre-existing cardiovascular disease) was performed. 1However, the finding of no association of risk with subclinical hypothyroidism for TSH concentration up to 10.0 mIU/L may be flawed because it did not provide information about the body mass index (BMI) of the patients diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism.3][4] This concept would imply that obese patients with a moderate elevation in serum TSH would not experience increased systemic vascular resistance, altered endothelial function, increased atherosclerosis, altered coagulability, and lipid abnormalities, which account for the increased risk of CHD associated with subclinical hypothyroidism. 5ositive tests for thyroid autoantibodies are the only parameters able to discriminate between true subclinical hypothyroidism and obesity-induced hyperthyrotropinemia. 3 Because thyroid antibodies were not taken into account in diagnosing subclinical hypothyroidism in the study by Rodondi et al, the conclusions may have been biased.Indeed, obese patients with a moderately increased TSH (up to 10 mIU/L) may include a subgroup of patients who are not truly hypothyroid, thus underestimating the real CHD risk associations of subclinical hypothyroidism (defined as high serum level of TSH with normal free thyroxine levels and positive test results for thyroid antibodies).
PA04 (P16): An assessment of the experiences of general practitioners and general practitioner trainees of referrals to paediatric dermatology services
Authors: N.-Y Kang, J Harrington, P Kannu, E Pope, I Lara-Corrales
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

prominent diamond groups, respectively.Individual FLG variants were not associated with specific palmar patterns.Our findings show that LOF variants are associated with eczema severity and skin hydration/epidermal moisture and not TEWL.LOF variants do not account for all the plasticity in phenotype, although they were strongly associated with a prominent diamond pattern.Improved sequencing methods and bioinformatic tools may further improve our ability to find variants, but other mechanisms may affect filaggrin expression in those with the wildtype and in those with LOF variants.
Epigenetic mechanism and metabolic reprogramming in fibrogenesis: dual targeting of G9a and DNA methyltransferase 1 for the inhibition of liver fibrosis
Authors: Marina Bárcena-Varela, Hannah Paish, Iker Uriarte, Maria U Latasa, Eva Santamaria, Alex Claveria-Cabello, Leticia Colyn, Maria Arechederra, Maria Iraburu Elizalde, Malgorzata Milkiewicz, Piotr Milkiewicz, Stuart Robinson, Jeremy French, Bruno Sangro, Julen Oyarzabal, Felipe Prosper, Krista Rombouts, Fiona Oakley, Jelena Mann, Carmen Berasain, Matiás A Avila, Maite G Fernandez-Barrena
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Shall Inherit
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Public funds and the injured motorcyclist
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Bray et al<sup>1</sup>concerning payment of hospitalization costs for motorcycle injuries addresses an important issue in public health, and I applaud the authors for their effort. Since motorcycles are an inexpensive form of transportation with special appeal for young, risk-taking males, it is not surprising that injured cyclists prove to have low rates of insurance and high reliance on public funds. Documentation of this fact is important if policy is to be influenced. After reading this BRIEF REPORT, however, I wished to comment on several issues it raises. First, and most important, the role of alcohol was not emphasized sufficiently. The fact that between 16 and 38 (31% to 75% ) of 51 drivers were legally intoxicated at the time of hospital admission is consistent with the belief that alcohol is a potent risk factor in motorcycle injury. Compared with automobiles, motorcycles are unforgiving
Errors in Text and Supplement
Authors: Falk Leichsenring, Christiane Steinert
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Shang-Hung Chang, MD, PhD; I-Jun Chou, MD; Yung-Hsin Yeh, MD; Meng-Jiun Chiou, MSc; Ming-Shien Wen, MD; Chi-Tai Kuo, MD; Lai-Chu See, PhD; Chang-Fu Kuo, MD, PhD
Variability in response definition and confirmation practices in randomized phase II and III trials in colorectal cancer
Authors: K. Y. Chung, L. B. Saltz, L. H. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3594 Background: Tumor response, as measured by several adopted criteria such as WHO or RECIST, is a common clinical trial endpoint. Investigator-reported response rates (RR) are frequently found to be different (higher or lower) from externally reviewed RR. External review of response has recently become an expected practice. Methodologies used in independent review, however, may vary considerably. Methods: We reviewed the methodology of response verification in all randomized studies in colorectal cancer published in The Journal of Clinical Oncology (JCO). Results: A search using the JCO website search engine for the key words "colorectal" and "randomized" in the title identified 49 manuscripts. Dates of publication ranged between January of 1987 and April 2003. One meta-analysis, 3 trials lacking radiologic endpoints, and 2 breast cancer trials were excluded. 15 of the remaining 43 studies (35%) report external verification of RR. Thus, 65% of randomized colorectal studies published in JCO thus far report only investigator-determined RR. Within the 15 studies with external review, wide variation was found in review methodology. Often the exact details of methodology are lacking. We have identified 5 different review strategies, the results of which may not be inter-comparable: 1) confirmation of responses only; 2&3) review of all films by one radiologist unblinded, or blinded to investigator's determination; 4&5) review of responses by an independent panel with or without access to clinical data. Method of scan comparison (i.e., whether baseline and follow-up scans are individually interpreted or compared together) is virtually never reported. Conclusion: Independent review of response data from randomized studies in CRC is a relatively recent practice. Methodology is variable and often poorly defined in manuscripts. The standards for rigor in confirmation are intensifying with time, making comparison of RR with historical controls less valid. Clinical trials manuscripts should specify the response verification strategies employed. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Bristol-Myers Squibb; Genentech; Pfizer; Roche Pfizer
Periodic dialysis in terminal uremia
Authors: R. Abella
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Twenty-three patients with end-stage renal failure were treated with periodic hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis during a period of three years. Good results were achieved in ten patients, fair results in five, and poor results in eight. Failure of rehabilitation was attributed to development of disabling complications and lack of sustained patient cooperation. Complications included accelerated hypertension, circulatory congestion, uremic pericarditis, peripheral neuropathy, arthritis, hemorrhage, infection, and difficulties related to indwelling arteriovenous cannulas. Peritoneal dialysis was less effective than hemodialysis and was inevitably associated with serious technical problems when permanent peritoneal conduits were implanted into the abdomen.
Barre City Hospital, Barre, Vermont
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Human Testis. Its Gross Anatomy, Histology, Physiology, Pathology, with Particular Reference to Its Endocrinology, Aberrations of Function and Correlation to Other Endocrines, as Well as the Treatment of Diseases of the Testes and Studies in Testicular Transplantation and the Effects of the Testicular Secretions on the Organism.
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Addendum: VX-680, a potent and selective small-molecule inhibitor of the Aurora kinases, suppresses tumor growth in vivo
Authors: Elizabeth A Harrington, David Bebbington, Jeff Moore, Richele K Rasmussen, Abi O Ajose-Adeogun, Tomoko Nakayama, Joanne A Graham, Cecile Demur, Thierry Hercend, Anita Diu-Hercend, Michael Su, Julian M C Golec, Karen M Miller
Journal: Nature Medicine (2007)
Discussion: session 2. Detection of health effects of exposure to low doses of agents—epidemiologic problems*
Authors: Vera Strassman, Herschel Griffin, Marvin Schneiderman, Philip Enterline, Edward Radford
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

University of North Carolina) opened the discussion by asking Dr. Radford to comment on methods available for collecting data on subjective and psychological effects arising from conditions in the environment, as part of a total risk assessment in a population.Dr. Radford indicated that there are good psychometric meth- ods for quantitating such effects on individuals, but methods of using these in a population are often difficult.It requires a high order of care in preparation of questionnaires, for example.But the methodology does exist even if it has been applied only in a primitive fashion up to the present time.When we get into the realm of the perception of risk, in many cases public concerns are disproportionate to the actual toxicologic risk.Nevertheless, perceived risks are very important to the people involved.The issue of asbestos in hair dryers is a case in point.He anticipated that this will be an important problem in epidemiology in the coming decade.An example of evaluation of psychosocial impacts is the University of Pitts- burgh follow-up study of citizens living around the Three Mile Island nuclear plant, to attempt to assess what the perceptions of the individuals are in that case and how they may relate to health