tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Outdoor Play as a Mitigating Factor in the Association Between Screen Time for Young Children and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
Authors: Mika Sugiyama, Kenji J. Tsuchiya, Yusuke Okubo, Mohammad Shafiur Rahman, Satoshi Uchiyama, Taeko Harada, Toshiki Iwabuchi, Akemi Okumura, Chikako Nakayasu, Yuko Amma, Haruka Suzuki, Nagahide Takahashi, Barbara Kinsella-Kammerer, Yoko Nomura, Hiroaki Itoh, Tomoko Nishimura
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Whether the association between higher screen time in infancy and later suboptimal neurodevelopment can be mitigated by frequency of outdoor play is unknown.To investigate whether higher screen time at age 2 years is associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 4 years and whether this association is mediated by frequency of outdoor play at age 2 years 8 months.Participants were a subsample of the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort Study for Mothers and Children (HBC Study, N = 1258). Children were born between December 2007 and March 2012 and followed up from 1 year 6 months to 4 years. The analysis was conducted from April 2021 to June 2022.Screen time longer than 1 hour a day at age 2 years was coded as higher screen time.Standardized scores for communication, daily living skills, and socialization domains of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, second edition, at age 4 years were used (mean [SD], 100 [15]). The mediating factor was frequency of outdoor play at age 2 years 8 months, with 6 or 7 days per week coded as frequent outdoor play.Of 885 participants, 445 children (50%) were female; mean (SD) screen time per day was 2.6 (2.0) hours. Causal mediation analyses revealed that higher screen time at age 2 years was associated with lower scores in communication at age 4 years (nonstandardized coefficient b = -2.32; 95% CI, -4.03 to -0.60), but the association was not mediated by frequency of outdoor play. Higher screen time was also associated with lower scores in daily living skills (b = -1.76; 95% CI, -3.21 to -0.31); 18% of this association was mediated by frequency of outdoor play. Frequency of outdoor play was associated with socialization (b = 2.73; 95% CI, 1.06 to 4.39), whereas higher screen time was not (b = -1.34; 95% CI, -3.05 to 0.36).Higher screen time at age 2 years was directly associated with poorer communication at age 4 years. It was also associated with daily living skills, but frequency of outdoor play at age 2 years 8 months alleviated it, suggesting outdoor play mitigated the association between higher screen time and suboptimal neurodevelopment. Future research should specify the nature of the associations and intervention measures, enabling targeted interventions that reduce the potential risk in screen time.
Continual task learning in natural and artificial agents
Authors: Timo Flesch, Andrew Saxe, Christopher Summerfield
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (2023)

How do humans and other animals learn new tasks? A wave of brain recording studies has investigated how neural representations change during task learning, with a focus on how tasks can be acquired and coded in ways that minimise mutual interference. We review recent work that has explored the geometry and dimensionality of neural task representations in neocortex, and computational models that have exploited these findings to understand how the brain may partition knowledge between tasks. We discuss how ideas from machine learning, including those that combine supervised and unsupervised learning, are helping neuroscientists understand how natural tasks are learned and coded in biological brains.
Complications and treatment errors in implant positioning in the aesthetic zone: Diagnosis and possible solutions
Authors: Stephen T. Chen, Daniel Buser, Anton Sculean, Urs C. Belser
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2023)

Abstract Incorrect implant positioning can lead to functional and aesthetic compromise. Implant positioning errors can occur in three dimensions: mesiodistal, corono ‐ apical, and orofacial. Treatment solutions to manage adverse outcomes through positioning errors require an understanding of the underlying conditions and of those factors that may have led to the error being committed in the first place. These types of complications usually occur because of human factors. If errors do occur with adverse aesthetic outcomes, they are difficult and sometimes impossible to correct. Connective tissue grafts to reverse recession defects are only feasible in defined situations. The option to remove and replace the implant may be the only recourse, provided the removal process does not further compromise the site. Error in judgment by the clinician.
Complement biology for hematologists
Authors: Anna Duval, Véronique Frémeaux‐Bacchi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2023)

The complement system is part of the innate immunity. An increased activation or a loss of the regulation of this fine-tuned cascade is involved in a variety of hematological diseases. During the last decade, anti-C5 therapies have revolutionized the management and prognosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and atypical hemolytic and uremic syndrome (aHUS). The availability of a rapidly growing number of innovative complement inhibitors has opened new therapeutic perspectives for several other hematological disorders in which the complement is involved at different degrees. This review focuses on complement biology and its mechanisms of activation in hematological diseases.
Minimal invasiveness in the surgical treatment of intraosseous defects: A systematic review
Authors: Anna Simonelli, Mattia Severi, Leonardo Trombelli, Roberto Farina
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2023)

Abstract The modern approach to regenerative treatment of periodontal intraosseous defects should aim at maximizing the clinical outcomes while minimizing the invasiveness (pain, complications, aesthetic impairment, chair time, and costs) of the procedure. The present systematic review evaluated the effect of flap design, regenerative technology, and perioperative and postoperative adjunctive protocols on invasiveness. Overall, the results of the 13 included trials indicate that: (a) the elevation of a single (buccal or lingual) flap positively influences the intensity of postoperative pain and improves the quality of early wound healing compared with double flaps; (b) while the adjunctive use of a membrane is associated with significantly longer surgery‐related chair time and higher postoperative pain, the adjunctive use of enamel matrix derivative at sites receiving a graft significantly reduces postoperative pain; also, graft materials showed no significant impact on invasiveness; (c) open flap debridement performed through the elevation of a single flap may lead to substantial clinical improvements of the lesion with reduced surgery‐related chair time and costs, thus representing a promising alternative to regenerative treatment. However, for such an approach, a histological evaluation of the nature of the reconstructed tissues is still lacking, and the presurgery conditions (eg, probing depth, defect severity, and defect morphology), which may benefit in terms of invasiveness, have not yet been defined; and (d) intraoperative and postoperative low‐level laser biostimulation of the defect site may favorably modulate the postoperative course.
Comparison of Blood Transfusion Rates Before and After Implementation of a Quality Improvement Initiative for Transfusion Safety and Appropriateness
Authors: Todd C. Lee, Nisha Almeida, Patricia Pelletier, Emily G. McDonald
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

This quality improvement study compares blood transfusion rates among patients at a single tertiary care hospital before and after the implementation of a transfusion training model completed by incoming resident physicians.
Perceptions of Breast Cancer Risks Among Women Receiving Mammograph Screening
Authors: Laura B. Beidler, Nancy R. Kressin, Jolie B. Wormwood, Tracy A. Battaglia, Priscilla J. Slanetz, Christine M. Gunn
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Breast density is an independent risk factor for breast cancer. Despite the proliferation of mandated written notifications about breast density following mammography, there is little understanding of how women perceive the relative breast cancer risk associated with breast density. Objective To assess women’s perception of breast density compared with other breast cancer risks and explore their understanding of risk reduction. Design, Setting, and Participants This mixed-methods qualitative study used telephone surveys and semistructured interviews to investigate perceptions about breast cancer risk among a nationally representative, population-based sample of women. Eligible study participants were aged 40 to 76 years, reported having recently undergone mammography, had no history of prior breast cancer, and had heard of breast density. Survey participants who had been informed of their personal breast density were invited for a qualitative interview. Survey administration spanned July 1, 2019, to April 30, 2020, with 2306 women completing the survey. Qualitative interviews were conducted from February 1 to May 30, 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures Respondents compared the breast cancer risk associated with breast density with 5 other risk factors. Participants qualitatively described what they thought contributed to breast cancer risk and ways to reduce risk. Results Of the 2306 women who completed the survey, 1858 (166 [9%] Asian, 503 [27%] Black, 268 [14%] Hispanic, 792 [43%] White, and 128 [7%] other race or ethnicity; 358 [19%] aged 40-49 years, 906 [49%] aged 50-64 years, and 594 [32%] aged ≥65 years) completed the revised risk perception questions and were included in the analysis. Half of respondents thought breast density to be a greater risk than not having children (957 [52%]), having more than 1 alcoholic drink per day (975 [53%]), or having a prior breast biopsy (867 [48%]). Most respondents felt breast density was a lesser risk than having a first-degree relative with breast cancer (1706 [93%]) or being overweight or obese (1188 [65%]). Of the 61 women who were interviewed, 6 (10%) described breast density as contributing to breast cancer risk, and 43 (70%) emphasized family history as a breast cancer risk factor. Of the interviewed women, 17 (28%) stated they did not know whether it was possible to reduce their breast cancer risk. Conclusions and Relevance In this qualitative study of women of breast cancer screening age, family history was perceived as the primary breast cancer risk factor. Most interviewees did not identify breast density as a risk factor and did not feel confident about actions to mitigate breast cancer risk. Comprehensive education about breast cancer risks and prevention strategies is needed.
A nanodrug combining CD47 and sonodynamic therapy efficiently inhibits osteosarcoma deterioration
Authors: Ming Gong, Yufeng Huang, Huixiong Feng, Jiaming Lin, Anfei Huang, Jinxin Hu, Qinglian Tang, Xiaojun Zhu, Shisong Han, Jinchang Lu, Jin Wang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2023)
Burden of disease: assessing quality-of-life impacts in hyperhidrosis
Authors: Michaela Gabes, Theresa Donhauser, Gesina Kann, Clarissa Masur, Christian Apfelbacher
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)

With this study it can be concluded that a substantial number of severe axillary HH patients suffers from a tremendous impairment in their QoL. In comparison to other dermatological conditions, the burden of disease in hyperhidrosis is quite high.
One Health action for health security and equity
Authors: Wiku B Adisasmito, Salama Almuhairi, Casey Barton Behravesh, Pépé Bilivogui, Salome A Bukachi, Natalia Casas, Natalia Cediel Becerra, Dominique F Charron, Abhishek Chaudhary, Janice R Ciacci Zanella, Andrew A Cunningham, Osman Dar, Nitish Debnath, Baptiste Dungu, Elmoubasher Farag, George F Gao, David T S Hayman, Margaret Khaitsa, Marion P G Koopmans, Catherine Machalaba, John S Mackenzie, Wanda Markotter, Thomas C Mettenleiter, Serge Morand, Vyacheslav Smolenskiy, Lei Zhou
Journal: The Lancet (2023)
Near complete responses to concurrent brentuximab vedotin and ultra-hypofractionated low-dose total skin electron beam radiation in advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Mathias Oymanns, Michael Daum-Marzian, Aliyah Bellm, Khaled Elsayad, Hans T Eich, Chalid Assaf
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)

Patients with advanced stage mycosis fungoides (MF) or Sézary syndrome (SS) have a poor prognosis. Despite many available active single agents for CTCL treatment, high remission rates and long-lasting responses are rarely achieved in advanced CTCL [1]. Therefore, it is important to find more effective strategies, e.g. combination therapy, which could enhance efficacy by targeting key pathways in a synergistic or additive manner. We report on three patients with tumor stage MF (IIB) with fast response and very good partial remission due to induction with BV with 1.8 mg/kg dose concurrently in combination with ultra-hypofractionated low dose TSEBT.
Duodenoscopes With Disposable Elevator Caps—An Incremental Reduction in Infection Risk for Patients
Authors: Melinda Wang, Graham M. Snyder
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
STAT3 regulates CD8+ T cell differentiation and functions in cancer and acute infection
Authors: Qinli Sun, Xiaohong Zhao, Ruifeng Li, Dingfeng Liu, Birui Pan, Bowen Xie, Xinxin Chi, Dongli Cai, Peng Wei, Wei Xu, Kun Wei, Zixuan Zhao, Yujie Fu, Ling Ni, Chen Dong
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2023)

In cancer, persistent antigens drive CD8+ T cell differentiation into exhausted progenitor (Texprog) and terminally exhausted (Texterm) cells. However, how the extrinsic and intrinsic regulatory mechanisms cooperate during this process still remains not well understood. Here, we found that STAT3 signaling plays essential roles in promoting intratumor Texterm cell development by enhancing their effector functions and survival, which results in better tumor control. In tumor microenvironments, STAT3 is predominantly activated by IL-10 and IL-21, but not IL-6. Besides, STAT3 also plays critical roles in the development and function of terminally differentiated effector CD8+ T cells in acute infection. Mechanistically, STAT3 transcriptionally promotes the expression of effector function-related genes, while it suppresses those expressed by the progenitor Tex subset. Moreover, STAT3 functions in collaboration with BATF and IRF4 to mediate chromatin activation at the effector gene loci. Thus, we have elucidated the roles of STAT3 signaling in terminally differentiated CD8+ T cell development, especially in cancer, which benefits the development of more effective immunotherapies against tumors.
3D printed tissue models: From hydrogels to biomedical applications
Authors: Francesca Cadamuro, Francesco Nicotra, Laura Russo
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2023)

The development of new advanced constructs resembling structural and functional properties of human organs and tissues requires a deep knowledge of the morphological and biochemical properties of the extracellular matrices (ECM), and the capacity to reproduce them. Manufacturing technologies like 3D printing and bioprinting represent valuable tools for this purpose. This review will describe how morphological and biochemical properties of ECM change in different tissues, organs, healthy and pathological states, and how ECM mimics with the required properties can be generated by 3D printing and bioprinting. The review describes and classifies the polymeric materials of natural and synthetic origin exploited to generate the hydrogels acting as "inks" in the 3D printing process, with particular emphasis on their functionalization allowing crosslinking and conjugation with signaling molecules to develop bio-responsive and bio-instructive ECM mimics.
Orelabrutinib in relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma patients: Multi‐center, single‐arm, open‐label, phase 2 study
Authors: Wei Xu, Keshu Zhou, Tingyu Wang, Shenmiao Yang, Lihong Liu, Yu Hu, Wei Zhang, Kaiyang Ding, Jianfeng Zhou, Sujun Gao, Bing Xu, Zunmin Zhu, Ting Liu, Huilai Zhang, Jianda Hu, Chunyan Ji, Shunqing Wang, Zhongjun Xia, Xin Wang, Yan Li, Yongping Song, Shuo Ma, Xinran Tang, Bin Zhang, Jianyong Li
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2023)

Abstract Orelabrutinib is a novel, small molecule, selective irreversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety in patients with refractory or relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). This is single‐arm, multi‐center, open‐label, phase 2 study in 80 eligible Chinese patients, who were treated with monotherapy of orelabrutinib at 150 mg once daily. Overall response rate evaluated by an independent review committee was the primary endpoint, and secondary endpoints include progression‐free survival, overall survival, and safety. Independent review committee assessed overall response rate was 92.5% (74/80); complete response 21.3% (17/80), partial response 60.0% (48/80), partial response with lymphocytosis 11.3% (9/80). At a 32.3‐month median follow‐up, the median progression‐free survival had not been achieved, while the 30‐month progression‐free survival rate and overall survival rates were 70.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 59.5–79.6) and 81.3% (95% CI, 70.8–88.2), respectively. Orelabrutinib also revealed substantial response in patients with high prognostic risks: overall response rates of patients carrying positive TP53 mutational status or del(17p), del(11q), as well as unmutated immunoglobulin heavy‐chain variable region gene were 100%, 94.7%, and 93.9%, respectively. Most adverse events were in low grade, with 86.8% of AEs being Grade 1 or 2. Nearly 67% of patients were still receiving orelabrutinib after almost a 3‐year follow‐up. In conclusion, Orelabrutinib demonstrated compelling efficacy as well as safety profiles, with a noteworthy number of patients obtaining complete response in refractory or relapsed CLL/SLL.
Head Injury and Long-term Mortality Risk in Community-Dwelling Adults
Authors: Holly Elser, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Alexa E. Walter, Josef Coresh, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, Thomas H. Mosley, Andrea L. C. Schneider
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

Head injury is associated with significant short-term morbidity and mortality. Research regarding the implications of head injury for long-term survival in community-dwelling adults remains limited.
Silk‐in‐Silk Nerve Guidance Conduits Enhance Regeneration in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Injury Model
Authors: Lorenz Semmler, Aida Naghilou, Flavia Millesi, Sonja Wolf, Anda Mann, Sarah Stadlmayr, Sascha Mero, Leon Ploszczanski, Lisa Greutter, Adelheid Woehrer, Eva Placheta‐Györi, Fritz Vollrath, Tamara Weiss, Christine Radtke
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Advanced nerve guidance conduits can provide an off-the-shelf alternative to autografts for the rehabilitation of segmental peripheral nerve injuries. In this study, the excellent processing ability of silk fibroin and the outstanding cell adhesion quality of spider dragline silk are combined to generate a silk-in-silk conduit for nerve repair. Fibroin-based silk conduits (SC) are characterized, and Schwann cells are seeded on the conduits and spider silk. Rat sciatic nerve (10 mm) defects are treated with an autograft (A), an empty SC, or a SC filled with longitudinally aligned spider silk fibers (SSC) for 14 weeks. Functional recovery, axonal re-growth, and re-myelination are assessed. The material characterizations determine a porous nature of the conduit. Schwann cells accept the conduit and spider silk as growth substrate. The in vivo results show a significantly faster functional regeneration of the A and SSC group compared to the SC group. In line with the functional results, the histomorphometrical analysis determines a comparable axon density of the A and SSC groups, which is significantly higher than the SC group. These findings demonstrate that the here introduced silk-in-silk nerve conduit achieves a similar regenerative performance as autografts largely due to the favorable guiding properties of spider dragline silk.
Surgical Management and Mechanical Circulatory Support in High-Risk Pulmonary Embolisms: Historical Context, Current Status, and Future Directions: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Joshua B. Goldberg, Jay Giri, Taisei Kobayashi, Marc Ruel, Alexander J.C. Mittnacht, Belinda Rivera-Lebron, Abe DeAnda, John M. Moriarty, Thomas E. MacGillivray
Journal: Circulation (2023)

Acute pulmonary embolism is the third leading cause of cardiovascular death, with most pulmonary embolism-related mortality associated with acute right ventricular failure. Although there has recently been increased clinical attention to acute pulmonary embolism with the adoption of multidisciplinary pulmonary embolism response teams, mortality of patients with pulmonary embolism who present with hemodynamic compromise remains high when current guideline-directed therapy is followed. Because historical data and practice patterns affect current consensus treatment recommendations, surgical embolectomy has largely been relegated to patients who have contraindications to other treatments or when other treatment modalities fail. Despite a selection bias toward patients with greater illness, a growing body of literature describes the safety and efficacy of the surgical management of acute pulmonary embolism, especially in the hemodynamically compromised population. The purpose of this document is to describe modern techniques, strategies, and outcomes of surgical embolectomy and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and to suggest strategies to better understand the role of surgery in the management of pulmonary embolisms.
A global analysis of One Health Networks and the proliferation of One Health collaborations
Authors: Athman Mwatondo, Afifah Rahman-Shepherd, Lara Hollmann, Scott Chiossi, Josphat Maina, Karishma Krishna Kurup, Osama Ahmed Hassan, Beatrice Coates, Mishal Khan, Julia Spencer, Nyamai Mutono, Samuel M Thumbi, Mathew Muturi, Mumbua Mutunga, Liã Bárbara Arruda, Melika Akhbari, Dena Ettehad, Francine Ntoumi, Terence P Scott, Louis H Nel, Johanne Ellis-Iversen, Ute Wolff Sönksen, Diana Onyango, Zuleka Ismail, Kebadu Simachew, David Wolking, Rudovick Kazwala, Zikankuba Sijali, Bernard Bett, David Heymann, Richard Kock, Alimuddin Zumla, Osman Dar
Journal: The Lancet (2023)