tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of 18F-DOPA and 18F-DTBZ for PET/CT Imaging of Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
Authors: Xinchong Shi, Yang Yang, LuLu Jiang, Jinhua Chen, Chang Yi, Ganhua Luo, Lei Wu, Jianmin Chu, Jian Wang, Ling Chen, Xiangsong Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

The aim of this study was to compare 2 imaging tracers, 18 F-DOPA and 18 F-DTBZ, for PET/CT imaging in idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD).We recruited 32 PD patients and 12 healthy controls in this study. All subjects underwent both 18 F-DOPA and 18 F-DTBZ PET/CT, and the results were interpreted by visual analysis and semiquantitative analysis (specific uptake ratios [SURs]). A 1-way analysis of variance was used to compare the clinical data and the SURs among the patients at different stages. Regression analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between the SURs and the clinical data.Among the PD patients, there were 7 patients in Hoehn and Yahr stage I, 14 patients in stage II, and 11 patients in stage III. Linear correlation was found in striatal SURs between the 2 tracers ( P < 0.05). In patients of early stages, the striatal SUR decrease percent of 2 tracers had no statistical difference (paired t test, P > 0.05). By initial visual analysis, all the patients were interpreted as positive with 18 F-DBTZ (6 unilaterally, 26 bilaterally), and 31 cases were regarded as positive with 18 F-DOPA (8 unilaterally, 23 bilaterally). After setting the upper limit of SUR images with the putamen SURs of healthy controls (SUR T ), all patients were interpreted as positive with both tracers ( 18 F-DTBZ: 5 unilaterally, 27 bilaterally; 18 F-DOPA: 4 unilaterally, 28 bilaterally).18 F-DTBZ and 18 F-DOPA could reflect the same level of dopaminergic neuron degeneration for PD in early stages, and they have the consistent visual analysis results.
Head-to-head comparison of the immunogenicity of RotaTeq and Rotarix rotavirus vaccines and factors associated with seroresponse in infants in Bangladesh: a randomised, controlled, open-label, parallel, phase 4 trial
Authors: Daniel E Velasquez-Portocarrero, Xiaoqian Wang, Margaret M Cortese, Cynthia J Snider, Abhijeet Anand, Veronica P Costantini, Md Yunus, Asma B Aziz, Warda Haque, Umesh Parashar, Zufan Sisay, Heidi M Soeters, Terri B Hyde, Baoming Jiang, Khalequ Zaman
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2022)
68Ga-FAPI PET/CT Detected Non–PSMA/FDG-Avid Primary Tumor in De Novo Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yizhen Pang, Tinghua Meng, Weizhi Xu, Qihang Shang, Haojun Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

68 Ga-labeled PET tracer targeting PSMA is a promising diagnostic approach for staging and restating of prostate cancer (PCa), but cases with clinically relevant PCa and false-negative PSMA PET/CT have been reported. In this case, we reported 68 Ga-PSMA, 18 F-FDG, and 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT findings in a 65-year-old man with de novo metastatic PCa. 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT detected non-PSMA/FDG-avid primary PCa, consisting with multiparametric MRI findings. The subsequent histopathologic examination confirmed a Gleason 4 + 5 PCa. This case highlighted that 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT may be a useful imaging modality for primary PCa detection and localization.
Longitudinal Evolution of Cardiac Dysfunction in Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction With Normal Natriuretic Peptide Levels
Authors: Hidemi Sorimachi, Frederik H. Verbrugge, Kazunori Omote, Massar Omar, Masaru Obokata, Yogesh N.V. Reddy, Zi Ye, Hector I. Michelena, Barry A. Borlaug
Journal: Circulation (2022)
Infectious aetiologies of neonatal illness in south Asia classified using WHO definitions: a primary analysis of the ANISA study
Authors: Melissa L Arvay, Nong Shang, Shamim A Qazi, Gary L Darmstadt, Mohammad Shahidul Islam, Daniel E Roth, Anran Liu, Nicholas E Connor, Belal Hossain, Qazi Sadeq-ur Rahman, Shams El Arifeen, Luke C Mullany, Anita K M Zaidi, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Sajid B Soofi, Yasir Shafiq, Abdullah H Baqui, Dipak K Mitra, Pinaki Panigrahi, Kalpana Panigrahi, Anuradha Bose, Rita Isaac, Daniel Westreich, Steven R Meshnick, Samir K Saha, Stephanie J Schrag
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2022)

BackgroundGlobally, neonatal mortality accounts for almost half of all deaths in children younger than 5 years. Aetiological agents of neonatal infection are difficult to identify because the clinical signs are non-specific. Using data from the Aetiology of Neonatal Infections in south Asia (ANISA) cohort, we aimed to describe the spectrum of infectious aetiologies of acute neonatal illness categorised post-hoc using the 2015 WHO case definitions of critical illness, clinical severe infection, and fast breathing only.MethodsEligible infants were aged 0–59 days with possible serious bacterial infection and healthy infants enrolled in the ANISA study in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. We applied a partial latent class Bayesian model to estimate the prevalence of 27 pathogens detectable on PCR, pathogens detected by blood culture only, and illness not attributed to any infectious aetiology. Infants with at least one clinical specimen available were included in the analysis. We assessed the prevalence of these aetiologies according to WHO's case definitions of critically ill, clinical severe infection, and infants with late onset, isolated fast breathing. For the clinical severe definition, we compared the prevalence of signs by bacterial versus viral aetiology.FindingsThere were 934 infants (992 episodes) in the critically ill category, 3769 (4000 episodes) in the clinical severe infection category, and 738 (771 episodes) in the late-onset isolated fast breathing category. We estimated the proportion of illness attributable to bacterial infection was 32·7% in infants in the critically ill group, 15·6% in the clinical severe infection group, and 8·8% among infants with late-onset isolated fast breathing group. An infectious aetiology was not identified in 58–82% of infants in these categories. Among 4000 episodes of clinical severe infection, those with bacterial versus viral attribution had higher proportions of hypothermia, movement only when stimulated, convulsions, and poor feeding.InterpretationOur modelled results generally support the revised WHO case definitions, although a revision of the most severe case definition could be considered. Clinical criteria do not clearly differentiate between young infants with and without infectious aetiologies. Our results highlight the need for improved point-of-care diagnostics, and further study into neonatal deaths and episodes with no identified aetiology, to ensure antibiotic stewardship and targeted interventions.FundingThe Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Clinical Practice Guidelines From the Association for the Advancement of Blood and Biotherapies (AABB): COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma
Authors: Lise J. Estcourt, Claudia S. Cohn, Monica B. Pagano, Claire Iannizzi, Nina Kreuzberger, Nicole Skoetz, Elizabeth S. Allen, Evan M. Bloch, Gregory Beaudoin, Arturo Casadevall, Dana V. Devine, Farid Foroutan, Thomas J. Gniadek, Ruchika Goel, Jed Gorlin, Brenda J. Grossman, Michael J. Joyner, Ryan A. Metcalf, Jay S. Raval, Todd W. Rice, Beth H. Shaz, Ralph R. Vassallo, Jeffrey L. Winters, Aaron A.R. Tobian
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 convalescent plasma (CCP) has emerged as a potential treatment of COVID-19. However, meta-analysis data and recommendations are limited. The Association for the Advancement of Blood and Biotherapies (AABB) developed clinical practice guidelines for the appropriate use of CCP. Methods: These guidelines are based on 2 living systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating CCP from 1 January 2019 to 26 January 2022. There were 33 RCTs assessing 21 916 participants. The results were summarized using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) method. An expert panel reviewed the data using the GRADE framework to formulate recommendations. Recommendation 1 (Outpatient): The AABB suggests CCP transfusion in addition to the usual standard of care for outpatients with COVID-19 who are at high risk for disease progression (weak recommendation, moderate-certainty evidence). Recommendation 2 (Inpatient): The AABB recommends against CCP transfusion for unselected hospitalized persons with moderate or severe disease (strong recommendation, high-certainty evidence). This recommendation does not apply to immunosuppressed patients or those who lack antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Recommendation 3 (Inpatient): The AABB suggests CCP transfusion in addition to the usual standard of care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who do not have SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detected at admission (weak recommendation, low-certainty evidence). Recommendation 4 (Inpatient): The AABB suggests CCP transfusion in addition to the usual standard of care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and preexisting immunosuppression (weak recommendation, low-certainty evidence). Recommendation 5 (Prophylaxis): The AABB suggests against prophylactic CCP transfusion for uninfected persons with close contact exposure to a person with COVID-19 (weak recommendation, low-certainty evidence). Good Clinical Practice Statement: CCP is most effective when transfused with high neutralizing titers to infected patients early after symptom onset.
Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Versus Oral Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Derek S. Chew, Ke Zhou, Sean D. Pokorney, David B. Matchar, Sreekanth Vemulapalli, Larry A. Allen, Kevin P. Jackson, Zainab Samad, Manesh R. Patel, James V. Freeman, Jonathan P. Piccini
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is a potential alternative to oral anticoagulants in selected patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Compared with anticoagulants, LAAO decreases major bleeding risk, but there is uncertainty regarding the risk for ischemic stroke compared with anticoagulation.To determine the optimal strategy for stroke prevention conditional on a patient's individual risks for ischemic stroke and bleeding.Decision analysis with a Markov model.Evidence from the published literature informed model inputs.Women and men with nonvalvular AF and without prior stroke.Lifetime.Clinical.LAAO versus warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).The primary end point was clinical benefit measured in quality-adjusted life-years.The baseline risks for stroke and bleeding determined whether LAAO was preferred over anticoagulants in patients with AF. The combined risks favored LAAO for higher bleeding risk, but that benefit became less certain at higher stroke risks. For example, at a HAS-BLED score of 5, LAAO was favored in more than 80% of model simulations for CHA2DS2-VASc scores between 2 and 5. The probability of LAAO benefit in QALYs (>80%) at lower bleeding risks (HAS-BLED score of 0 to 1) was limited to patients with lower stroke risks (CHA2DS2-VASc score of 2). Because DOACs carry lower bleeding risks than warfarin, the net benefit of LAAO is less certain than that of DOACs.Results were consistent using the ORBIT bleeding score instead of the HAS-BLED score, as well as alternative sources for LAAO clinical effectiveness data.Clinical effectiveness data were drawn primarily from studies on the Watchman device.Although LAAO could be an alternative to anticoagulants for stroke prevention in patients with AF and high bleeding risk, the overall benefit from LAAO depends on the combination of stroke and bleeding risks in individual patients. These results suggest the need for a sufficiently low stroke risk for LAAO to be beneficial. The authors believe that these results could improve shared decision making when selecting patients for LAAO.None.
A Rich Vein
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Ad LibitumAugust 2022A Rich VeinJack Coulehan, MDJack Coulehan, MDCenter for Medical Humanities, Compassionate Care, and Bioethics at Stony Brook University Stony Brook, New YorkSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M21-3923 Audio Reading - “A Rich Vein” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “A Rich Vein” by Jack Coulehan, MD Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Some are simple, plump,like cartoon gopher pipesbelow the skin. Others,frail, diffuse, and absentto my touch. Fingers skimthe customary regionsof your arm. My needleslides into your veinor digs and causes pain.The truth in your bloodis rich, but richer stillthe aliquots of storythat you tell. Listening,I feel the slightest givein your protective skin.Silence, gesture, voice,and tone—less numeratethan blood—exposea different vein. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Center for Medical Humanities, Compassionate Care, and Bioethics at Stony Brook University Stony Brook, New YorkCorresponding Author: Jack Coulehan, MD; e-mail, john.[email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “A Rich Vein” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “A Rich Vein” by Jack Coulehan, MD Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics August 2022Volume 175, Issue 8Page: 1196 ePublished: 16 August 2022 Issue Published: August 2022 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2022 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Bedside Manner
Authors: Michelle Izmaylov
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

On Being a DoctorAugust 2022Bedside MannerMichelle Izmaylov, MDMichelle Izmaylov, MDVanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TennesseeSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M21-4787 Audio Reading - “Bedside Manner” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “Bedside Manner” by Michelle Izmaylov, MD Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail When you stand at the bedside, doctor, you open your hand and give us many words. We look at the shapes of all the words you hold out on your palm. Many are frightening words we have never seen before, very long words that might be the names of the medications you will use to treat our medical conditions and even longer words that might be names for the procedures you have planned for our bodies with your sharp instruments. Place those technical medical words back in your pocket, doctor, to bring out when you sit down to discuss clinical ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TennesseeCorresponding Author: Michelle Izmaylov, MD; e-mail, michelle.l.izmaylov.[email protected]org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Bedside Manner” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “Bedside Manner” by Michelle Izmaylov, MD Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics August 2022Volume 175, Issue 8Page: 1197-1198 ePublished: 16 August 2022 Issue Published: August 2022 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2022 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Association of Medication Adherence With Health Outcomes in the ISCHEMIA Trial
Authors: R Angel Garcia, John A Spertus, Mary C Benton, Philip G Jones, Daniel B Mark, Jonathan D Newman, Sripal Bangalore, William E Boden, Gregg W Stone, Harmony R Reynolds, Judith S Hochman, David J Maron
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Preservation of the fecal microbiome is associated with reduced severity of graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Marina Burgos da Silva, Doris M. Ponce, Anqi Dai, Sean M. Devlin, Antonio L. C. Gomes, Gillian Moore, John Slingerland, Roni Shouval, Gabriel K. Armijo, Susan DeWolf, Teng Fei, Annelie Clurman, Emily Fontana, Luigi A. Amoretti, Roberta J. Wright, Hana Andrlova, Oriana Miltiadous, Miguel-Angel Perales, Ying Taur, Jonathan U. Peled, Marcel R. M. van den Brink
Journal: Blood (2022)
Availability and costs of medicines for the treatment of tuberculosis in Europe
Authors: Gunar Günther, Lorenzo Guglielmetti, Claude Leu, Christoph Lange, Frank van Leth, None Hasan Hafizi, Naira Khachatryan, Harut Aroyan, Eduard Kabasakalyan, Michael Knappik, Alena Skrahina, Dzmitry Klimuk, Alena Nikolenka, Inge Muylle, Vladimir Milanov, Desislava Velkovska, Neli Tarinska, Elizabeta Bachiyska, Mateja Jankovic, Despo Pieridou, Tonia Adamide, Nicos Nicolaou, Martina Vasakova, Mariia Sukholytka, Emilia Kopeckà, Dorte Bek Folkvardsen, Erik Svensson, Manfred Danilovits, Tiina Kummik, Tuula Vasankari, Mathilde Fréchet-Jachym, Audrey Nahmiash, Tamar Togonidze, Zaza Avaliani, Inga Kinkladze, Rusudan Aspindzelashvili, Teona Bichashvili, Gulnazi Losaberidze, Tsitsino Merabishvili, Barbara Kalsdorf, Katerina Manika, Karyofyllis Tsiakitzis, Agnes Bakos, Tinna Rán Ægisdóttir, Guðrún Svanhvít Michelsen, Kristín Karlsdóttir, Anne-Marie McLaughlin, Margaret Fitzgibbon, Daniel Chemtob, Luigi R. Codecasa, Maurizio Ferrarese, Stefania Torri, Majlinda Gjocaj, Liga Kuksa, Edita Davidaviciene, Gil Wirtz, Monique Perrin, Analita Pace Asciak, Dumitri Chesov, Wiel de Lange, Onno Akkerman, Biljana Ilievska Poposka, Ulrich Mack, Mogens Jensenius, Lajla Kvalvik, Anne Torunn Mengshoel, Katarzyna Kruczak, Raquel Duarte, Nadine Ribeiro, Elmira Ibraim, Anna Kaluzhenina, Olga Barkanova, Dragica Pesut, Ivan Solovic, Petra Svetina, Maria-Luiza de Souza-Galvão, Joan-Pau Millet, Xavi Casas, Montserrat Vives, Judith Bruchfeld, Paulina Dalemo, Jerker Jonsson, Katrin Aeschbacher, Peter Keller, Seref Özkara, Simon Tiberi, Christabelle Chen, Yana Terleeva, Andrii Dudnyk
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2022)

To evaluate the access to comprehensive diagnostics and novel antituberculosis medicines in European countries.
The socioeconomic gradient of alcohol use: an analysis of nationally representative survey data from 55 low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Yuanwei Xu, Pascal Geldsetzer, Jen Manne-Goehler, Michaela Theilmann, Maja-E Marcus, Zhaxybay Zhumadilov, Sarah Quesnel-Crooks, Omar Mwalim, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Sogol Koolaji, Khem B Karki, Farshad Farzadfar, Narges Ebrahimi, Albertino Damasceno, Krishna K Aryal, Kokou Agoudavi, Rifat Atun, Till Bärnighausen, Justine Davies, Lindsay M Jaacks, Sebastian Vollmer, Charlotte Probst
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2022)

Alcohol is a leading risk factor for over 200 conditions and an important contributor to socioeconomic health inequalities. However, little is known about the associations between individuals' socioeconomic circumstances and alcohol consumption, especially heavy episodic drinking (HED; ≥5 drinks on one occasion) in low-income or middle-income countries. We investigated the association between individual and household level socioeconomic status, and alcohol drinking habits in these settings.
UK-Wide Multicenter Evaluation of Second-line Therapies in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Authors: Nadir Abbas, Emma L. Culver, Douglas Thorburn, Neil Halliday, Hannah Crothers, Jessica K. Dyson, April Phaw, Richard Aspinall, Salim I. Khakoo, Yiannis Kallis, Belinda Smith, Imran Patanwala, Anne McCune, Chenchu R. Chimakurthi, Vinod Hegade, Michael Orrell, Rebecca Jones, George Mells, Colette Thain, Robert-Mitchell Thain, David Jones, Gideon Hirschfield, Palak J. Trivedi
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2022)

Thirty-to-forty percent of patients with primary biliary cholangitis inadequately respond to ursodeoxycholic acid. Our aim was to assemble national, real-world data on the effectiveness of obeticholic acid (OCA) as a second-line treatment, alongside non-licensed therapy with fibric acid derivatives (bezafibrate or fenofibrate).This was a nationwide observational cohort study conducted from August 2017 until June 2021.We accrued data from 457 patients; 349 treated with OCA and 108 with fibric acid derivatives. At baseline/pre-treatment, individuals in the OCA group manifest higher risk features compared with those taking fibric acid derivatives, evidenced by more elevated alkaline phosphatase values, and a larger proportion of individuals with cirrhosis, abnormal bilirubin, prior non-response to ursodeoxycholic acid, and elastography readings >9.6kPa (P < .05 for all). Overall, 259 patients (OCA) and 80 patients (fibric acid derivatives) completed 12 months of second-line therapy, yielding a dropout rate of 25.7% and 25.9%, respectively. At 12 months, the magnitude of alkaline phosphatase reduction was 29.5% and 56.7% in OCA and fibric acid groups (P < .001). Conversely, 55.9% and 36.4% of patients normalized serum alanine transaminase and bilirubin in the OCA group (P < .001). The proportion with normal alanine transaminase or bilirubin values in the fibric acid group was no different at 12 months compared with baseline. Twelve-month biochemical response rates were 70.6% with OCA and 80% under fibric acid treatment (P = .121). Response rates between treatment groups were no different on propensity-score matching or on sub-analysis of high-risk groups defined at baseline.Across the population of patients with primary biliary cholangitis in the United Kingdom, rates of biochemical response and drug discontinuation appear similar under fibric acid and OCA treatment.
Colonic Castleman Disease on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Fanglan Li, Liu Xiao, Huawei Cai, Lin Li
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Colonic Castleman disease is very rare. We report FDG PET/CT findings of colonic Castleman disease in a 72-year-old man. On FDG PET/CT, it presented as a colonic soft tissue mass with intense FDG uptake. The final pathology supported a diagnosis of Castleman disease, plasma cell variant. This case hints us, although rare, Castleman disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis when we notice a hypermetabolic colon mass on PET/CT.
Rare Case of Neuroendocrine Tumor of Common Bile Duct Identified With Somatostatin Receptor But Not With Glucose Transporter Imaging
Authors: Ashish Mohite, Varun Shukla, Manikandan M V, Zachariah Chowdhury, Meenakshi Chaturvedi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are heterogeneous group of tumors arising from enterochromaffin cells. Neuroendocrine tumors are most commonly found in bowel and pancreatic tissue. Because of paucity of enterochromaffin cells in biliary tract, NETs of bile duct are very rare. Most of the neoplasms in the extrahepatic bile duct are adenocarcinomas; only 0.2% to 0.3% of NETs arise from the bile duct. Cases reported in the literature of biliary carcinoid are diagnosed postoperatively on histopathologic evaluation. We hereby demonstrate a rare presentation of CBD NET identified preoperatively on somatostatin receptor but not on glucose transporter imaging, confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry to be grade 2 NET (Ki-67, 20%).