tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of defect in mitochondrial transport of GSH in ethanol-FED (ETOH) rats: membrane lipid composition and effects of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain, and *GI and Liver Diseases, USC School of Medicine, La., CA
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Methylmercury (MeHg) exposure at high concentrations poses significant neurotoxic threat to humans worldwide. The present study investigated the mechanisms of glutathione-mediated attenuation of MeHg neurotoxicity in primary cortical culture. MeHg (5 μM) caused depletion of mono- and disulfide glutathione in neuronal, glial and mixed cultures. Supplementation with exogenous glutathione, specifically glutathione monoethyl ester (GSHME) protected against the MeHg induced neuronal death. MeHg caused increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation measured by dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence with an early increase at 30 min and a late increase at 6 h. This oxidative stress was prevented by the presence of either GSHME or the free radical scavenger, trolox. While trolox was capable of quenching the ROS, it showed no neuroprotection. Exposure to MeHg at subtoxic concentrations (3 μM) caused an increase in system xc− mediated 14C-cystine uptake that was blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide (CHX). Interestingly, blockade of the early ROS burst prevented the functional upregulation of system xc−. Inhibition of multidrug resistance protein-1 (MRP1) potentiated MeHg neurotoxicity and increased cellular MeHg. Taken together, these data suggest glutathione offers neuroprotection against MeHg toxicity in a manner dependent on MRP1-mediated efflux.
Surgical Ligation of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Robert E. Gross
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The continued patency of a ductus arteriosus for more than the first few years of life has long been known to be a potential source of danger to a patient for two reasons: First, the additional work of the left ventricle in maintaining the peripheral blood pressure in the presence of a large arteriovenous communication may lead eventually to cardiac decompensation of severe degree. Second, the presence of a patent ductus arteriosus makes the possessor peculiarly subject to fatal bacterial endarteritis. While it is true that some persons have been known to live to old age with a patent ductus of Botalli, statistics have shown that the majority die relatively young because of complications arising from this congenital abnormality. Dr. Maude Abbott<sup>1</sup>presented a series of ninety-two cases which came to autopsy in which it was shown that the patient had had a patent ductus arteriosus without any other
Phase III study of NEPA, a fixed-dose combination of netupitant (NETU) and palonosetron (PALO), versus PALO for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) following moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC).
Authors: Matti S. Aapro, Giorgia Rossi, Giada Rizzi, Marco Palmas, Steven Grunberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

LBA9514 Background: Management of CINV has been refined over the past several decades and CINV can now be managed with targeted prophylactic medications aimed at inhibiting several molecular pathways involved in emesis. NEPA, a fixed-dose combination of netupitant (NETU), a new NK 1 receptor antagonist (RA) and palonosetron (PALO), a pharmacologically distinct 5-HT 3 RA, targets these dual antiemetic pathways and has been shown to uniquely work synergistically in vitro. Methods: This was a multinational, randomized, double-blind, parallel group study assessing the efficacy and safety of a single oral dose of NEPA (NETU 300mg + PALO 0.50 mg) versus a single oral 0.50 mg dose of PALO in 1,455 chemotherapy-naive patients (pts) receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy (all pts received oral dexamethasone (DEX) 12 mg (NEPA) or 20 mg (PALO) on Day 1). The primary efficacy endpoint was complete response (CR: no emesis, no rescue medication) during the delayed (25-120h) phase. Results: Treatment groups had comparable demographic characteristics with the majority of the population being female (98%) and white (80%), with a mean age of 54 yrs; 97% pts had breast cancer. NEPA showed superior CR rates compared to PALO during the delayed, acute, and overall phases. NEPA was also superior to PALO during the delayed/overall phases for complete protection, no emesis, and no significant nausea. Most frequently reported study drug-related adverse events (AEs) for NEPA included headache (3.3%) and constipation (2.1%). The majority of adverse events for NEPA-treated pts were mild/moderate and there were very few (0.7%) severe drug-related AEs. The type and frequency of AEs were comparable between NEPA and PALO. There was no evidence of any cardiac safety concerns for NEPA or PALO. Conclusions: NEPA, a novel single-day fixed-dose combination targeting dual antiemetic pathways, is superior to PALO (both associated with DEX) in preventing CINV in pts receiving MEC. Clinical trial information: NCT01339260. [Table: see text]
Typographical and Data Errors
Authors: John Ioannidis
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Gregory D. Lewis, MD; Rajeev Malhotra, MD; Adrian F. Hernandez, MD, MHS; Steven E. McNulty, MS; Andrew Smith, MD; G. Michael Felker, MD, MHS; W. H. Wilson Tang, MD; Shane J. LaRue, MD; Margaret M. Redfield, MD; Marc J. Semigran, MD; Michael M. Givertz, MD; Peter Van Buren, MD; David Whellan, MD; Kevin J. Anstrom, PhD; Monica R. Shah, MD, MHS; Patrice Desvigne-Nickens, MD; Javed Butler, MD; Eugene Braunwald, MD; for the NHLBI Heart Failure Clinical Research Network
Detection of Rift Valley Fever Virus by a Tissue Culture Fluorescein-Labeled Antibody Method
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4283: The tumor suppressive effects of HPP1 in colorectal cancer are mediated by its EGF-like domain
Authors: Abul Elahi, Abidemi Ajidahun, Mazher S. Hussain, Leah Hendrick, Irina Getun, Andreas Becker, Yan Yang, Evan S. Glazer, David Shibata
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Introduction: We have previously demonstrated that HPP1 is an epigenetically-silenced tumor suppressor gene that exerts its effects via an erbB4-JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Although identified as a secreted multi-moiety transmembrane protein, the specific component responsible for its growth suppressive function has not been elucidated. Notably, HPP1 contains a single Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-like domain that differs from EGF by the substitution of arginine (R) for histidine (H) at the critical 299 position. We sought to investigate the isolated biologic effects of HPP1’s EGF-like domain. Methods: Synthetic wild type (WT; H299) and mutant (MUT; R299) peptides were prepared at our crystallographic core facility. The change in amino acid did not alter the predicted 3D structure of the peptide. A total of 50ng/ml of each peptide per well (6-well plate) was used to treat the HPP1 non-expressing HCT116 colon cancer cell line. Cells were starved for 24 hours with a peptide exposure time of 7 minutes. We subsequently examined alterations in relevant erbB-, JAK- and STAT-family proteins as well as associated changes in cell growth in soft agar. Results: Treatment of HCT116 with WT peptide resulted in increased phosphorylation of erbB4, JAK1, JAK2, STAT1 and STAT2 with a concomitant downregulation of STAT3 activation as compared to untreated controls. Mutant peptide delivery did not result in any alterations in erbB4-JAK-STAT signaling components. WT peptide treatment resulted in a dramatic reduction in colony formation in soft agar as compared to mutant peptide-treated (p=0.0002) and control cells (p=0.0019). Significant increase in colony formation was observed in the mutant vs. control cells (p=0.0047). Conclusion: The isolated effects of HPP1’s EGF-like domain mimic the observed signaling and growth suppressive alterations observed with full-length HPP1. This EGF-like domain along with its histidine residue at position 299 appear critical for HPP1 downstream signaling and its tumor suppressive effects. Further elaboration of these findings may have therapeutic implications. Citation Format: Abul Elahi, Abidemi Ajidahun, Mazher S. Hussain, Leah Hendrick, Irina Getun, Andreas Becker, Yan Yang, Evan S. Glazer, David Shibata. The tumor suppressive effects of HPP1 in colorectal cancer are mediated by its EGF-like domain [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4283.
CA184-095: A randomized, double-blind, phase III trial to compare the efficacy of ipilimumab versus placebo in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients (pts) with metastatic chemotherapy-naive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
Authors: Tomasz M. Beer, Christopher Logothetis, Padmanee Sharma, Alberto Bossi, Brent McHenry, Justin P. Fairchild, Paul Gagnier, Kevin M. Chin, Jean-Marie Cuillerot, Karim Fizazi, Winald R. Gerritsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

TPS4691 Background: Ipilimumab (Ipi), a fully human monoclonal antibody which blocks CTLA-4, augments antitumor immune responses. Ipi has demonstrated overall survival (OS) benefit in two Phase 3 trials for advanced melanoma, with side effects that were managed using product-specific treatment guidelines. In addition, in Phase 1/2 trials in metastatic CRPC, Ipi has shown clinical activity (as measured by prostate-specific antigen [PSA] declines and RECIST response) with no unexpected toxicities. While docetaxel is standard therapy for metastatic CRPC, its use may be delayed until pts develop symptoms. As such, this global (~150 sites in 25 countries) Phase 3 study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01057810) is evaluating Ipi vs placebo in chemotherapy-naïve pts with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic CRPC without visceral metastases. Methods: The primary endpoint is OS; secondary endpoints include progression-free survival, time to pain progression, and time to non-hormonal systemic therapy. The study is designed to detect a 9.3 month difference (HR=0.7) in OS with 90% power and 0.05 two-sided significance. Pts are randomized at a 2:1 ratio to receive Ipi 10 mg/kg every 3 weeks for up to 4 doses or placebo, respectively, as induction therapy. Eligible pts will continue to receive maintenance therapy of blinded study drug every 12 weeks until treatment stopping criteria are met, withdrawal of consent, or study closure. The accrual goal is 600 pts randomized. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
PURIN SYNTHESIS IN MAN AND THE PRODUCTION OF URIC ACID
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Blood disorders
Authors: A. M. Peters, D. M. Swirsky
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Nuclear haematology is a broad, wide-ranging discipline based as much on in vitro investigations as on imaging, and in many institutions is the responsibility of departments of haematology rather than nuclear medicine. Nuclear haematology plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and clinical management of many haematological disorders; the diseases where the discipline makes an important contribution include polycythaemia, myelofibrosis, aplastic anaemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), haemolytic anaemia and diseases associated with the loose term, 'hy-persplenism'. Because nuclear haematology is basically technique-orientated with a wide range and variety of techniques, this chapter is set out according to techniques rather than diseases.
American Medical College Association.
Authors: None S. S. L.
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Ridgeway, S. C., July 12, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I want the list of names of all medical colleges belonging to the American Medical College Association. Where can I get it and how much will it cost? Respectfully, <h3>Answer:</h3> —Apply to Dr. Bayard Holmes, Secretary, 104 E. 40th Street, Chicago, Ill.
Risk Factors in Acquired Faecal Incontinence
Authors: Peter J Lunniss, Marc A Gladman, Franc H Hetzer, Norman S Williams, S Mark Scott
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Acquired faecal incontinence arising in the non-elderly population is a common and often devastating condition. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis in 629 patients (475 female) referred to a tertiary centre, to determine the relative importance of individual risk factors in the development of faecal incontinence, as demonstrated by abnormal results on physiological testing. Potential risk factors were identified in all but 6% of patients (7 female, 32 male). In women, the principal risk factor was childbirth (91%), and in most cases at least one vaginal delivery had met with complications such as perineal injury or the need for forceps delivery. Of the males, half had undergone anal surgery and this was the only identified risk factor in 59%. In many instances, assignment of cause was hampered by a long interval between the supposed precipitating event and the development of symptoms. Abnormalities of anorectal physiology were identified in 76% of males and 96% of females (in whom they were more commonly multiple). These findings add to evidence that occult damage to the continence mechanism, especially through vaginal delivery and anal surgery, can result in subsequent faecal incontinence, sometimes after an interval of many years.
State-Specific Prevalence of Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults—United States, 2003
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Cigarette smoking in the United States causes serious illnesses among an estimated 8.6 million persons and approximately 440,000 deaths annually, resulting in 157 billion dollars in health-related economic costs. To reduce smoking prevalence, morbidity, mortality, and economic impact, state tobacco-control programs should include interventions to help persons stop smoking. To assess the prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adults, attempts to quit, and receipt of physician advice to quit during the preceding year, CDC analyzed data from the 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated a threefold difference in smoking prevalence across the 50 states, the District of Columbia (DC), Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands (range: 9.5%-32.6%). To support smokers' attempts to quit, states/areas should implement comprehensive tobacco-control programs that include interventions to help persons stop smoking (e.g., quitlines).
Spontaneous erythroid colony formation in Brazilian patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: R.C.R. Perlingeiro, F.F. Costa, S.T.O. Saad, V.R. Arruda, M.L.S. Queiroz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

The ability of circulating progenitor cells to develop erythroid colonies was studied in vitro in the presence or absence of growth factors (5637-CM and erythropoietin) in 63 patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) (36 homozygotes for hemoglobin [Hb] S, 13 double heterozygotes for Hb S and β thalassemia, and 14 SC patients) in Southeast Brazil. In the presence of growth factors, SCD patients (all genotypes) presented significantly higher numbers of circulating burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E/5 × 105 MNC), when compared with control subjects. However, when the progenitor cells were cultured in the absence of added stimulus, high numbers of BFU-E were observed only in the genotypes SS and S/β thalassemia. SC patients presented a similar response to the control subjects. Moreover, there was an inverse correlation between spontaneous (without stimulus) BFU-E and Hb levels in SCD patients. These results suggest that the formation of spontaneous BFU-E observed in SCD may be due to an expanded erythropoiesis secondary to hemolysis. Am. J. Hematol. 61:40–45, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The economic implications of tobacco product sales in a nontobacco state
Authors: K. E. Warner
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —The tobacco industry claims that tobacco makes a significant economic contribution to each of the states in the United States. We sought to determine whether Michigan, a nontobacco state, would reap more economic benefits from the presence or absence of tobacco product sales. <h3>Design.</h3> —Computer simulation of the Michigan economy, with and without tobacco product sales, for the years 1992 through 2005. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —We simulated Michigan's economy with tobacco expenditures eliminated or reduced and the equivalent spending redistributed to other goods and services, according to consumers' normal spending patterns. We compare these results with baseline forecasts of the economy. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Numbers of jobs and tax revenues. <h3>Results.</h3> —Michigan would have had 5600 more jobs in 1992 had there been no expenditure on tobacco products, with equivalent spending redistributed to other goods and services (and to other taxes, to replace half of lost cigarette excise tax revenues). By the year 2005, a tobacco-free Michigan would still have almost 1500 more jobs than it will have if sales trends for tobacco products continue (ie, gradually declining over time). If, instead of tobacco expenditures ceasing, the contemporary rate of decline in tobacco consumption had doubled, the state would have had over 300 more jobs in 1992 and would have nearly 800 more in 2005. With cigarette excise tax revenues not replaced, the elimination of spending on tobacco products would have decreased Michigan's tax revenues by $254 million in 1992. The more realistic doubling of the expected decline in smoking would have decreased revenues by $14 million that year. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Reducing or eliminating tobacco product spending in Michigan will increase employment in the state, as well as health. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:771-776)
USEFULNESS OF SIMULATED CASES FOR ASSESSING PANDEMIC INFLUENZA PREPAREDNESS PLANS
Authors: CardeÃ±osa N, DomÃ­nguez A, CarratalÃ  J, Ricarte JI, JansÃ  JM, Arnau J, Camps N, Chanovas M, Mas A, Trilla A
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)
Chloracne, Goiter, Arthritis, and Anemia after Polychlorinated Biphenyl Poisoning: 14-Year Follow-Up of the Taiwan Yucheng Cohort
Authors: Yueliang Leon Guo, Mei-Lin Yu, Chen-Chin Hsu, Walter J. Rogan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

In 1979, a mass poisoning involving 2,000 people occurred in central Taiwan from ingestion of cooking oil contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). We studied the prevalence of medical conditions in the exposed individuals and in a neighborhood control group. Starting with a registry of the exposed individuals from 1983, we updated the addresses of exposed individuals and identified a control group matched for age, sex, and neighborhood in 1979. In 1993, individuals 30 years of age or older were interviewed by telephone. We obtained usable information from 795 exposed subjects and 693 control subjects. Lifetime prevalence of chloracne, abnormal nails, hyperkeratosis, skin allergy, goiter, headache, gum pigmentation, and broken teeth were observed more frequently in the PCB/PCDF-exposed men and women. The exposed women reported anemia 2. 3 times more frequently than controls. The exposed men reported arthritis and herniated intervertebral disks 4.1 and 2.9 times, respectively, more frequently than controls. There was no difference in reported prevalences of other medical conditions. We conclude that Taiwanese people exposed to high levels of PCBs and PCDFs reported more frequent medical problems, including skin diseases, goiter, anemia, and joint and spine diseases.
Norovirus Gastroenteritis
Authors: Roger I. Glass, Umesh D. Parashar, Mary K. Estes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Noroviruses are now recognized as the leading cause of epidemics of gastroenteritis and an important cause of sporadic gastroenteritis among both children and adults. In the United States, more than 90% of the outbreaks of gastroenteritis for which the cause could not previously be identified can now be attributed to this virus. Understanding the nature of immunity to the norovirus is a key determinant for future improvements in the control and prevention of this viral infection.