tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RECENT INNOVATIONS IN MEDICAL INSTRUCTION.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incorrect Word
Authors: Henrik Sørensen, Lars Pedersen, Jargen Olsen, Kenneth Rothman
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Results.The ratio of case births at the peak month to case births at the trough month was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-2.0),with the peak of the fitted curve (FIGURE) in April.For date of diagnosis, the peak month of occurrence was October, and the peak-to-trough ratio was 1.6 (95% CI, 1.2-2.0).Both functions had an acceptable goodness-of-fit evaluation based on the 2 distribution.Comment.The timing of the peak in diagnosis date that we observed is close to that observed for date of first symptom in the study by Westerbeek et al. 5 In contrast, Ross et al 3 found a summer peak in diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, although they included subjects as old as 20 years in their analysis. 6However, our study is the first to examine variation in birth month.Two hypotheses about the role of infection in the etiology of leukemia have been proposed. 2,4Greaves 2 suggested that an initial mutational event occurs in utero when immature B cells are rapidly dividing; subsequent mutations occur after birth and are strongly influenced by the timing of exposure to infectious agents in infancy.Kinlan 4 proposed that childhood leukemia could be a rare response to in utero or postnatal viral exposure.We expect that year-to-year variations in prevalence of seasonal infectious agents, sensitivity of the fetus to the agent, and subsequent promotional events would all obscure any observable seasonality.Nonetheless, our data provide some evidence that the occurrence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood may result, in part, from exposure to 1 or more in utero or postnatal infectious agents.
Hemostatic effectiveness of infiltration with felypressin prior to skin incisions
Authors: O. B. Munchow
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Felypressin (PLV-2), a synthetic derivative of vasopressin, a potent vasoconstrictor which has little or no effect on cardiac rhythm when given in the presence of anesthetic agents such as cyclopropane or halothane. In 25 patients undergoing craniotomy procedures under general anesthesia, the scalp was infiltrated along the projected line of incision, with a solution of either felypressin (5 international units/10 ml), epinephrine (1:100,000 solution), or physiological saline. The blood loss was determined gravimetrically and expressed in gm/cm of incision. The study was carried out in a double blind manner, with coded ampuls in a random sequence of drugs. Felypressin and epinephrine were equally effective in reducing the blood loss to approximately one third of the amount lost with saline. The difference from saline was statistically significant for both epinephrine and felypressin.
Biological Regulation Of Factor IPII Activity
Authors: R. Kaufman
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1992)

Factor VIII, the plasma protein deficient in hemophilia A, is a crucial cofactor for regulation of hemostasis. Our understanding of factor VIII increased tremendously once it became possible to isolate homogeneous preparations of this protein from plasma. In addition, the isolation of the factor VIII gene has provided new means of exploring the structure and function of factor VIII. This increasing knowledge also sheds light on the genetic alterations resulting in hemophilia as well as in thrombophilia. This chapter summarizes our current understanding of the regulation of factor VIII function and raises questions to be answered in the years to come.
Evolutionary Biology of Plant Defenses against Herbivory and Their Predictive Implications for Endocrine Disruptor Susceptibility in Vertebrates
Authors: Katherine E. Wynne-Edwards
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Hormone disruption is a major, underappreciated component of the plant chemical arsenal, and the historical coevolution between hormone-disrupting plants and herbivores will have both increased the susceptibility of carnivores and diversified the sensitivities of herbivores to man-made endocrine disruptors. Here I review diverse evidence of the influence of plant secondary compounds on vertebrate reproduction, including human reproduction. Three of the testable hypotheses about the evolutionary responses of vertebrate herbivores to hormone-disrupting challenges from their diet are developed. Specifically, the hypotheses are that a) vertebrate herbivores will express steroid hormone receptors in the buccal cavity and/or the vomeronasal organ; b) absolute sex steroid concentrations will be lower in carnivores than in herbivores; and c) herbivore steroid receptors should be more diverse in their binding affinities than carnivore lineages. The argument developed in this review, if empirically validated by support for the specific hypotheses, suggests that a) carnivores will be more susceptible than herbivores to endocrine-disrupting compounds of anthropogenic origin entering their bodies, and b) diverse herbivore lineages will be variably susceptible to any given natural or synthetic contaminant. As screening methods for hormone-disrupting potential are compared and adopted, comparative endocrine physiology research is urgently needed to develop models that predict the broad applicability of those screening results in diverse vertebrate species.
Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, May 15 o June 15, 1961
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

Journal Article Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, May 15 o June 15, 1961 Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 27, Issue 1, July 1961, Page 238, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/27.1.238 Published: 01 July 1961
Adhesion molecules on eosinophils in acute eosinophilic pneumonia.
Authors: Y Okubo, M Hossain, R Kai, E Sato, T Honda, M Sekiguchi, S Itoh, K Takatsu
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We describe the clinical features, eosinophil surface analysis, and concentration of interleukin-5 (IL-5) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and in peripheral blood (PB) of a young male patient with acute eosinophilic pneumonia. Eosinophilic pneumonia was diagnosed by BAL and by its clinical course. There was no evidence of an infectious etiology, and the patient showed rapid improvement with methylprednisolone pulse therapy (1 gm/d for 3 d). Significant differences in the expression of surface molecules such as CD54, HLA-DR, and CD69 were observed between BAL and PB eosinophils; IL-5 concentrations in BAL and in PB before treatment were 450 pg/ml and 700 pg/ml, respectively. After treatment, IL-5 concentration in PB was reduced to below 100 pg/ml. The patient has shown no recurrence after treatment.
Book Notice
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2809: The induction of CD8+ T lymphocytes and PD-L1+ immune cells by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer
Authors: Eiji Fukuoka, Kimihiro Yamashita, Yutaka Sugita, Akira Arimoto, Tetsu Nakamura, Yoshihiro Kakeji
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background; The relationship between tumor immunological microenvironment and irradiation has been studied so far. Based on these findings, we examined a tumor microenvironment of rectal cancer performed by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) with immunohistochemical analysis of surgical specimens. But, for introduction to clinical settings, the analysis is not yet sufficient. So, in more detail, we investigate tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells by irradiation in mouse CT26 colon tumor model. Methods; Locally advanced rectal cancer were enrolled and 68 were eligible for this study. Immunohistochemical staining of programmed cell death- lignad1(PD-L1), CD8, and CD163 was performed on specimens of all cases. In a mouse model, CT26 tumor cells were inoculated in mouse, tumors are irradiated with a single dose of 10Gy after 14 days. We analyzed CD8+ T cells infiltration of both irradiated mouse and no treated mouse by flow cytometry. Results; There were 44 cases in which NACRT was performed (NA group) and 24 cases in which surgery alone was performed (SA group). In the SA group, there was no significant change in the infiltration of PD-L1+immune cells (PD-L1+IC) nor CD8 +cells before and after treatment, but in the NA group, the infiltrations of them were significantly increased. In multivariate analysis, low infiltration of CD8 +cells were identified as poor prognostic factors in disease-free survival. Moreover, in our mouse model, elevated numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells between day11 and day18 after irradiation were observed in tumors of irradiated mice compared to no treated mouse. We observed that among CD8+ T cells, cells that coexpress PD-1 and Tim-3 comprise the major population in irradiated mouse. PD-1+Tim-3+ CD8+ T cells produced more INF-γ compared to that by PD-1+Tim-3-CD8+ T cells and PD-1-Tim-3- CD8+ T cells in irradiated mouse and no treated mouse. Among the three populations PD-1+Tim-3+ population contained the largest fraction of central memory (CD44hiCD62Llow) cells, but the lowest fraction of central memory (CD44hiCD62Lhi) cells. Conclusion; The infiltration of PD-L1+IC and CD8 +cells was induced by NACRT. In the mouse model, we confirmed the kinetical and phenotypical changes of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Citation Format: Eiji Fukuoka, Kimihiro Yamashita, Yutaka Sugita, Akira Arimoto, Tetsu Nakamura, Yoshihiro Kakeji. The induction of CD8+ T lymphocytes and PD-L1+ immune cells by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2809.
T cell infiltration (TCI) in matched renal biopsy (bx) and nephrectomy (nx) samples in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
Authors: Haris Zahoor, Paul G Pavicic, Christopher Przybycin, Paul Elson, C. Marcela Diaz-Montero, James Finke, Patricia A. Rayman, Timothy D. Gilligan, Petros Grivas, Moshe Chaim Ornstein, Jorge A. Garcia, Brian I. Rini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

4587 Background: TCI in tumors has been investigated as a biomarker of response to checkpoint inhibitors. A neo-adjuvant trial of checkpoint inhibition in locally-advanced RCC is ongoing at Cleveland Clinic, where TCI in pre-treatment renal mass bx will be compared to post-treatment nx specimens. However, there are no data regarding the association of TCI in matched bx and nx samples without intervening treatment. Understanding this association will enable further study of this potential biomarker in future studies. Methods: Matched bx and nx samples (without intervening systemic therapy) were identified from patients with non-metastatic RCC. Selected tissue sections from bx and nx samples were reviewed, and marked for intra-tumoral lymphocytes by the Pathologist. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was utilized to stain these selected tissue sections for T cell markers (CD3, CD4 and CD8), and additional immune markers including PD-1, PDL-1 and CD11b. Intra-tumoral staining was then quantified in the pre-marked tissue sections as counts per total tumor area surveyed. Spearman correlation (ρ) was used to measure the strength of association. Results: 30 matched pairs were investigated. The median interval between bx and nx was 2.8 (0.2-87.7) months. Clear cell was the most common histology (29/30; 97%). There was a positive correlation between the frequency of CD8 + T cells between matched bx and nx samples (ρ= 0.39; p=0.03). CD3, CD4 and CD11b did not show significant correlation. (Table) PD-1 (bx 4/29, nx 16/29) and PDL-1 (bx 5/28, nx 10/28) expression was positive in the minority of samples. Conclusions: Bx material can potentially be used to assess the degree of CD8 + TCI in RCC nx samples. However the utility of bx evaluation for CD4 + TCI and expression of PD-1, PDL-1 and CD11b requires further study. [Table: see text]
Adaptations of muscle to various exercises. Studies in rats
Authors: E. E. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1967)

In these days of interest in physical activity, isometric exercise, and fitness geared to the improvement of the human soma, if not the psyche, it is reasonable to expect certain basic cause-andeffect answers about these preoccupations. Yet it is uncertain, though plausible, that exercise is hygienic; and, if it is, it is even more uncertain how it works. Another fundamental question is the mechanism of the ergogenic effects of exercise. Obvious as it is at the gross level, many details remain obscure. Though maintenance of health through activity is important, it is this ergogenic aspect of exercise, the enhancement of work performance, that we wish to discuss. The idea that strength and hypertrophy together invariably result from strenuous exercise is firmly rooted in popular and medical thought. Physiologically, this dual effect is included in the general term, work-hypertrophy. Second, the assumption of interdependence of strength and hypertrophy also implies that
Rates of Homicide, Suicide, and Firearm-Related Death Among Children—26 Industrialized Countries
Journal: JAMA (1997)

During 1950-1993, the overall annual death rate for U.S. children aged < 15 years declined substantially, primarily reflecting decreases in deaths associated with unintentional injuries, pneumonia, influenza, cancer, and congenital anomalies. However, during the same period, childhood homicide rates tripled, and suicide rates quadrupled. In 1994, among children aged 1-4 years, homicide was the fourth leading cause of death; among children aged 5-14 years, homicide was the third leading cause of death, and suicide was the sixth. To compare patterns and the impact of violent deaths among children in the United States and other industrialized countries, CDC analyzed data on childhood homicide, suicide, and firearm-related death in the United States and 25 other industrialized countries for the most recent year for which data were available in each country. This report presents the findings of this analysis, which indicate that the United States has the highest rates of childhood homicide, suicide, and firearm-related death among industrialized countries.
SURVEY OF DERMATOLOGICAL LITERATURE.
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1934)

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 46, Issue 2 p. 109-112 SURVEY OF DERMATOLOGICAL LITERATURE. First published: February 1934 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1934.tb11133.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume46, Issue2February 1934Pages 109-112 RelatedInformation
Altitude, low birth weight, and infant mortality in Colorado
Authors: C. Unger
Journal: JAMA (1988)

A decrease in birth weight occurs at high altitude, but its relationship to infant mortality is unclear. We examined Colorado vital statistics recorded from 1979 through 1982 to determine whether high altitude increased infant mortality and whether decreased birth weight contributed to the mortality observed. Retardation of intrauterine growth reduced birth weight and doubled the frequency of low-birth-weight infants from the lowest (915 to 1523 m [3000 to 4999 ft]) to the highest (≥2744 m [≥9000 ft]) altitude in the state. Low birth weight increased mortality risk, but the mortality risk of low birth weight was decreased at high compared with low altitudes, resulting in similar infant mortality rates throughout the state. This finding differed from that of 1969 through 1973 when infant mortality doubled at high altitude. A 46% infant mortality reduction had occurred statewide over the ten years due chiefly to decreased mortality risk for preterm low-birth-weight infants. This reduction, particularly pronounced at high altitude, might have been due to better identification and transport of high-risk pregnancies to hospitals with tertiary neonatal treatment centers. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:3427-3432)
Taschenbuch der Knochen- und Gelenktuberkulose (Chirurgische Tuberkulose) mit Einem Anhang: Die Tuberkulose des Ohrs, des Auges und der Haut. Ein Leitfaden für den Praktischen Arzt.
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PLASMA PROTEINS
Authors: P. W. C.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1940)

Editorial1 September 1940PLASMA PROTEINSP. W. C.P. W. C.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-14-3-533 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptUntil recently, relatively little has been known as to the significance and real function of the plasma proteins. The part they play in maintaining the osmotic pressure within the vessels and in regulating the exchange of fluid between the capillaries and the tissue spaces has been established. It has long been known that the globulin of the plasma includes the various immune bodies active in combating infection, as well as the fibrinogen and the prothrombin concerned in blood coagulation. It was widely assumed that they did not enter directly into the metabolism of the body tissues generally. Their source and...1 MADDENWHIPPLE SCGHAn excellent review, with bibliography is given by: : Plasma proteins: their source, production, and utilization, Physiol. Rev., 1940, xx, 194-217. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2 MADDENGEORGEWARAICHWHIPPLE SCWEGSGH: Blood plasma protein regeneration as influenced by fasting, infection and diet factors; variable reserve stores of plasma protein building material in dog, Jr. Exper. Med., 1938, lxvii, 675-690. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3 MADDENFINCHSWALBACHWHIPPLE SCCAWGGH: Blood plasma protein production and utilization. The influence of amino acids and sterile abscesses, Jr. Exper. Med., 1940, lxxi, 283-297. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4 ADDISPOOLEW TLJW: The quantities of protein lost by the various organs and tissues of the body during a fast, Jr. Biol. Chem., 1936, cxv, 111-116. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5 ELMAN R: Intravenous injection of amino acids in regeneration of serum protein following severe experimental hemorrhage, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med., 1937, xxxvi, 867-870. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6 ELMANWEINER RDO: Intravenous alimentation, with special reference to protein (amino acid) metabolism, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1939, cxii, 796-802. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1940Volume 14, Issue 3Page: 533-536KeywordsBlood coagulationBlood plasmaCapillariesFibrinogenGlobulinsOsmotic pressurePlasma proteins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1940 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cancer of the Prostate Gland
Authors: Victor A. Gilbertsen
Journal: JAMA (1971)

At the Cancer Detection Center at the University of Minnesota, 5,856 men underwent a total of 28,407 routine annual examinations, which included evaluation by digital palpation of the prostate gland. Seventy-five subsequently confirmed adenocarcinomas of the prostate gland were detected, and the patients with these had an absolute five-year survival rate of 77.3% (58). The absolute ten-year survival rate for 48 of these patients was 44%. Twenty-two patients who underwent curative total prostatectomies could be followed for a least five years. Twenty of the 22 were five-year survivors, for an absolute five-year survival rate of 91%; the age-adjusted rate was 100%. At ten years the absolute survival rate was 69%; and the relative survival rate was observed to have remained at 100%. These results may be compared with those of the End Results Study, which show relative survival rates of 49% at five years, and 29% at ten years.