tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis
Authors: R. Fekety
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Pseudomembranous colitis associated with antibiotic therapy is almost always due to an overgrowth of<i>Clostridium difficile</i>. If untreated, pseudomembranous colitis can lead to severe diarrhea, hypovolemic shock, toxic dilatation of the colon, cecal perforation, hemorrhage, and death. However,<i>C difficile</i>— associated colitis can mimic the more common "benign" antibiotic-associated diarrhea that is not caused by<i>C difficile</i>. An algorithm for diagnosis management of hospitalized patients with antibiotic diarrhea and<i>C difficile</i>colitis is presented in this review. Diagnosis depends on sigmoidoscopy and/or stool tests for<i>C difficile</i>toxins in all patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea. If the results of these tests are positive, either metronidazole or vancomycin is recommended for treatment of mild illness, and vancomycin is recommended for treatment of severe illness. Oral therapy is always preferred because it is more reliable. In patients with recurrent or relapsing colitis, treatment with either metronidazole or vancomycin is effective for that episode, but novel approaches, such as the oral or rectal introduction of competing nonpathogenic organisms, may prove to be more successful in prevention of relapses. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:71-75)
Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, February 15 to March 15, 1962
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

Journal Article Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, February 15 to March 15, 1962 Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 28, Issue 4, April 1962, Page 1013, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/28.4.1013 Published: 01 April 1962
Anesthesiology
Authors: Paul G. Barash
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Despite a wealth of information, an abundance of safe, effective drugs, and a variety of delivery systems, medicine in the United States has failed to adequately manage pain. Thus, the protocol for treatment of acute pain, the focus of the first report by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, has four goals: (1) to reduce the incidence and severity of acute postoperative and posttraumatic pain, (2) to educate the patient as to the need to communicate unrelieved pain, (3) to enhance patient comfort and satisfaction, and (4) to reduce postoperative complications and reduce hospital stays after surgery.<sup>1</sup>The protocol also emphasizes that prevention is better than treatment. McQuay<sup>2</sup>describes preemptive analgesia, an approach to pain management that emphasizes administration of analgesic agents prior to injury. Numerous laboratory studies have demonstrated that noxious stimuli alter neural function and preemptive analgesia prevents or reduces any memory of the
Incorrect Values
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Announcements
Authors: William Busse, ; Chronic, E Infection, Stephen Straus, Andrew Aids, Trans- Fer Saxon, Charles Factor, ; Kirkpatrick, Lennie Interleukins, ; Ro- Senwasser, Nathan Interferon, John Zvaifler, Basophil Bienenstock, Larry Releas- Ability, Henry Claman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1987)
Close of the Programme of Work for the Meeting of the Association.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bradykinin-Induced Contraction of Human Peripheral Airways Mediated by Both Bradykinin B<sub>2</sub> and Thromboxane Prostanoid Receptors: To the Editor
Authors: Alexandre Trifilieff, Jean-Pierre Gies
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

"Bradykinin-Induced Contraction of Human Peripheral Airways Mediated by Both Bradykinin B2 and Thromboxane Prostanoid Receptors: To the Editor." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 151(5_pt_1), p. 1687
THE PHARMACOPEIA AND THE PHYSICIAN.SALINE CATHARTICS.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transport of lactoferrin from blood to bile in the rat
Authors: E Regoeczi
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The bile contains small quantities of lactoferrin, the origin of which is uncertain. For this reason, we studied the liver's capability of transferring lactoferrin from the plasma to the bile by injecting a dose (10 to 20 μg/100 gm) of labeled bovine lactoferrin intravenously and following its appearance in bile over 3 hr. Whether diferric or iron free, lactoferrin peaked in the bile 35 min after administration (i.e., the same time as bovine lactoperoxidase and diferric rat transferrin). However, only a small portion of the lactoferrin dose (approximately 1%) was recovered with the bile in 3 hr. On the basis of autoradiographic evidence, the excreted lactoferrin appeared intact. The biliary excretion profile of albumin, a protein thought to reach the canaliculus by paracellular diffusion, was notably devoid of a peak. This, together with competition observed between lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase on one hand and 2Fe-transferrin and lactoferrin on the other for transfer to bile, suggests that lactoferrin is routed through the hepatocyte in vesicles. The process is initiated by binding to a plasma membrane component to which lactoperoxidase and 2Fe-transferrin can also bind. Most 59Fe bound to lactoferrin accompanied the protein carrier to the bile. We conclude that under normal circumstances (i.e., when concentration of lactoferrin in the plasma is very low), lactoferrin transferred from plasma by the liver is probably not the major source of this protein in bile. (HEPATOLOGY 1994;19:1476–1482.)
FRI0127 IMPACT OF JANUS KINASE INHIBITORS ON RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Authors: Wenhui Xie, Shiyu Xiao, Yanrong Huang, Xiaoying Sun, Yong Fan, Zhuoli Zhang
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

<h3>Background:</h3> Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) are emerging as novel therapies for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Two JAK inhibitors have been approved and more pipeline products are ongoing to be launched, but their safety profiles of cardiovascular events (CVEs) have not been fully-established yet. <h3>Objectives:</h3> To identify the association betweenCVEs and JAKis therapies in adult patients with RA via a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). <h3>Methods:</h3> RCTs reporting safety issues in RA patients treated with JAKis were reviewed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library (from inception to October 2018). CINAHL and the major relevant congress (2016-2018) were searched for additional reports. Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects method with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed on extracted data. <h3>Results:</h3> Out of 405 references screened, 26 RCTs involving 11 800 patients were included. No statistically significant difference was observed in risk of CVEs associated with the use of JAKis in general (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.61–1.76, p=0.89), tofacitinib (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.26-1.54, p=0.31), baricitinib (OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.51-2.83, p=0.66), upadacitinib (OR 3.29, 95% CI 0.59-18.44, p=0.18), peficitinib (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.07–2.54, p=0.35), decernotinib (OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.13-10.11, p=0.92) (Figure 1). Regarding frequently-used dosage, dose-ranging impact of JAKis on the risk of CVEs was not observed in tofacitinib (5mg vs. 10mg, twice daily), upadacitinib (15mg vs. 30mg, once daily), while baricitinib at 2mg once daily was found to be safer than 4mg (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.04-0.88, p=0.03) (Figure 2). <h3>Conclusion:</h3> The existing evidence from RCTs indicated that JAKis-based therapies are not related to statistically significant risk of CVEs in RA patients during the limited randomized controlled periods. However, a special focus on baricitinib 4mg once daily is needed concerning the cardiovascular safety in the future. <h3>Disclosure of Interests:</h3> None declared
THE WAR
Journal: BMJ (1917)

o muchl Las beeni done by scieutific investigations and clinical work to brina uindler conitrol tle infections of gun- sliot wounds, that at the present timre tlhe mnilitary surgeon's chlief preoccuipatioIn is tllC )rcvention and treatment of .ihock.It mlusSt lhave caused m-luclh anxiety dturing the Camibrai OffCesive, and the more recent severe fighlting to mcet tllhe (Geran couniter-attacks.Theimajority of tlle wounds in tlje oopen fighlting seem to lhave been bullet wounds, wlhicl, as is well lknownu, heal witlh rapidity, and are niuchilless dangelrous tlai slhell votunds.Thew wather, wlheln it becamie wet, w-as liot so wet as during ii alny previous offenssives, alid all tlho correspondents lhave com- mented oli the joy of walking over turf.The relative dryness of the grouniid miust lhave been very favourable to tllc w-ourided, and we licar, indeed, that cases of gas gangrene lhave been rare.Butit the weatlher all tlhrouglh lhas been cold, anid cold is tlhc great enem-iy of a seriously wN ounded iiian sufferin frolni slhoclk.Tlere seems to be no (louibt that the first advance of G'eneral Bng's armsy was a surprise to the enemy.-Owili to the decision to dispense with an intensive preliminary bonmibardmient the numuber of guns which lhad to be mnoved iiito tihe area beforehand Imlay niot lhave becen large, buit inaiiy talnlks, wlhiclh are neitler invisible inor silenitly miioving objects, h-ad to be brought up, and the medical preparationis wvere necessarily on a large scale.As on previous occasions, tlhey.must lhave included the tem-porary entlargemenit of casualty clearing stations, involving additional operating teams and increased per- P'rocee(ings of the Ro3-9,l Society, 1B.vol.lxxxix.1).380.
Sixth Annual Joint Working Conference of the Special Virus Cancer Program
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Journal Article Sixth Annual Joint Working Conference of the Special Virus Cancer Program Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 48, Issue 5, May 1972, Pages 1547–1551, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/48.5.1547 Published: 01 May 1972
Abstract 282: Endothelial-specific Deletion of Inhibitor of Kappa-B Kinase-β (IKK-β)
Authors: Noboru Ashida, Sucharita SenBanerjee, Shohta Kodama, Joel A Spencer, Parisa Zamiri, Ling Li, Robert E Gerszten, Charles P Lin, Michael Karin, Anthony Rosenzweig
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The serine-threonine kinase, IKK-β, is required for classical activation of the NF-κB family of transcription factors which are central regulators of inflammation and cell survival that are activated in a variety of vascular diseases. [Methods and Results]: To examine the role of IKK-β and NF-κB in endothelial cells (EC), we generated mice with EC-specific deletion of IKK-β (IKK-β ΔEC ) on an ApoE −/− background using Tie2-Cre transgenic and IKK-β flox/flox mice. IKK-β ΔEC were born at less than the expected Mendelian frequency (7/48 vs 24/48 expected, p&lt;0.0001) and were ~25% smaller than Cre-negative littermates (p&lt;0.003). Vascular permeability assessed by in vivo microscopy of ear capillaries after intravenous injection of Evans blue dye was substantially increased (p&lt;0.04). Several IKK-β ΔEC phenotypes were similar to Akt1 −/− mice, prompting us to examine Akt1 in the IKK-β ΔEC mice. Interestingly, phospho-Akt was markedly reduced in vascular endothelium from IKK-β ΔEC mice. In vitro studies of primary cultured EC demonstrated that deletion of IKK-β inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and increased permeability, while overexpression of either wild-type (WT) or kinase-deficient (KD) IKK-β enhanced Akt phosphorylation. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated IGF-I-enhanced physical interaction of IKK-β with Akt. Moreover, IKK-β deletion inhibited Akt trafficking to lipid rafts rich in caveolae, an essential step in its activation. Expression of either WT or KD IKK-β in IKK-β-deleted EC in vitro restored normal Akt trafficking and reduced endothelial permeability. These results are in contrast to those reported with deletion of IKK-β in hepatocytes which have relatively few caveolae. [Conclusion] These data demonstrate that IKK-β modulates Akt subcellular trafficking and activation in EC through a kinase-independent mechanism. Understanding interactions between these signaling pathways may provide important insights in conditions marked by disregulated inflammation and/or cell survival including atherosclerosis and ischemic-injury.
Venereal
Authors: Robert E. Fishbein
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Alzheimer Deaths Increased During the Previous Decade
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE VITAL CAPACITY OF "CARDIACS"
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fragmentation laser par cholangioscopie ou lithotritie mécanique pour l’extraction des macrolithiases cholédociennes après échec de la macrodilatation du sphincter d’Oddi: une étude randomisée
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Près de 500 patients ayant eu une CPRE pour lithiase ont été screenés pour cette étude bicentrique prospective randomisée. Chez 32 patients (6,7 %) l’utilisation d’un ballonnet ou d’un panier complété par une macrodilatation du sphincter d’Oddi n’a pas permis l’extraction lithiasique. Ces patients ont donc été inclus dans l’étude randomisés soit dans le bras lithotritie mécanique soit dans le bras cholangioscopie avec fragmentation laser.
THE DEPENDENT EPILEPTIC.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
EDEMA IN DIABETES
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Infective Endocarditis in the Antibiotic Era
Authors: Phillip I. Lerner, Louis Weinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

Negative Blood CulturesAmong the factors that may be responsible for failure to recover organisms from the circulation of some patients with infective endocarditis are the use of antibiotics in etiologically undefined febrile illnesses, right-sided endocarditis, prolonged duration of SBE ("bacteria-free" state), presence of renal disease and errors in the technics of obtaining and culturing blood.2 It is difficult to determine if the proportion of recently reported groups of cases in which bacteria could not be recovered from the blood is larger than that described in the older literature since the factors listed above are often not detailed. In addition, . . .