tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The contemporary management of peritoneal metastasis: A journey from the cold past of treatment futility to a warm present and a bright future
Authors: Jason M. Foster, Chunmeng Zhang, Shahyan Rehman, Prateek Sharma, H. Richard Alexander
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2022)

Abstract Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is often regarded as a less frequent pattern of spread; however, collectively across all spectra of primary tumors, the consequences of PM impact a large population of patients annually. Unlike other modes of metastasis, symptoms at presentation or during the treatment course are common, representing an additional challenge in the management of PM. Early efforts with chemotherapy and incomplete surgical interventions transiently improved symptoms, but durable symptom control and survival extension were rare, which established a perspective of treatment futility for PM through most of the 20th century. Notably, the continued development of better systemic therapy combinations, optimization of cytoreductive surgery (CRS), and rigorous investigation of combining regional therapy—specifically hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy—with CRS, have resulted in more effective multimodal treatment options for patients with PM. In this article, the authors provide a comprehensive review of the data establishing the contemporary approach for tumors with a high frequency of PM, including appendix, colorectal, mesothelioma, and gastric cancers. The authors also explore the emerging role of adding hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy to the well established paradigm of CRS and systemic therapy for advanced ovarian cancer, as well as the recent clinical trials identifying the efficacy of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase maintenance therapy. Finally, recent data are included that explore the role of precision medicine technology in PM management that, in the future, may help further improve patient selection, identify the best systemic therapy regimens, detect actionable mutations, and identify new targets for drug development.
Characteristics of Electric Scooter and Bicycle Injuries After Introduction of Electric Scooter Rentals in Oslo, Norway
Authors: August Vincent Stray, Henrik Siverts, Knut Melhuus, Martine Enger, Pål Galteland, Ingar Næss, Eirik Helseth, Jon Ramm-Pettersen
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> When society introduces and accepts new transportation modes, it is important to map risks and benefits. <h3>Objective</h3> To compare electric scooter (e-scooter) and bicycle injuries. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cohort study is based on prospectively collected data on Norwegian patients who sustained e-scooter or bicycle injuries and presented to an emergency department affiliated with Oslo University Hospital between January 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> e-Scooter and bicycle injuries were evaluated for associations with sex, age, time of injury, helmet use, intoxication, body region, and injury severity. Descriptive statistics are presented as mean (SD) or number with percentage, with significance set at<i>P</i> &lt; .05 (2-tailed). <h3>Results</h3> During the study period, 3191 patients were included (850 e-scooter riders, 2341 bicyclists) with 3839 injuries recorded (997 e-scooter, 2842 bicycle). The mean (SD) age of those injured was 34 (17) years, 2026 riders (63.5%) were male, 1474 (46.2%) were helmeted at the time of injury, and 516 (16.2%) were intoxicated by alcohol or other drugs. The annual incidence of injuries was 120 per 100 000 inhabitants for e-scooters and 340 per 100 000 inhabitants for bicycles. Men were overrepresented in both groups (529 e-scooter riders [62.2%] and 1497 bicyclists [63.9%]). e-Scooter riders were younger than bicyclists (mean [SD] age, 31 [12] vs 35 [18] years). Most injured e-scooter riders were aged 20 to 40 years, whereas injured bicyclists had a broader age distribution. e-Scooter injuries commonly occurred on weekends (378 [46.6%]) and during evening (230 [32.3%]) or nighttime (242 [34.1%]) hours. Most bicycle injuries occurred during weekdays (1586 [69.7%]) and daytime (1762 [61.3%]). e-Scooter riders were more often intoxicated (336 [39.5%] vs 180 [7.7%]) and had a lower rate of helmet use (18 [2.1%] vs 1456 [62.2%]). During nighttime, 230 injured e-scooter riders (91.3%) and 86 bicyclists (69.4%) were intoxicated. e-Scooter riders had more head and neck (317 [31.7%] vs 636 [22.4%]) and lower-limb (285 [28.6%] vs 632 [22.2%]) injuries and fewer upper-limb (341 [34.2%] vs 1276 [44.9%]), thoracic (41 [4.1%] vs 195 [6.9%]), and abdominal, pelvic, and lumbar (13 [1.3%] vs 103 [3.6%]) injuries. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this cohort study, e-scooter riders were younger than bicyclists, did not use helmets, were more often intoxicated, and were more often injured during nighttime. The rate of intoxication among e-scooter riders injured at night was high. Preventive measures, including awareness campaigns, regulating e-scooter availability, improving infrastructure, and implementing stricter helmet and alcohol policies, may prove effective for reducing injuries.
Butyrate-producing Eubacterium rectale suppresses lymphomagenesis by alleviating the TNF-induced TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB axis
Authors: Haiyang Lu, Xiaoqiang Xu, Di Fu, Yubei Gu, Rong Fan, Hongmei Yi, Xiangyi He, Chaofu Wang, Binshen Ouyang, Ping Zhao, Li Wang, Pengpeng Xu, Shu Cheng, Zhifeng Wang, Duowu Zou, Lizhong Han, Weili Zhao
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2022)
The effectiveness and safety of mRNA (BNT162b2) and inactivated (CoronaVac) COVID-19 vaccines among individuals with chronic kidney diseases
Authors: Franco Wing Tak Cheng, Min Fan, Carlos King Ho Wong, Celine Sze Ling Chui, Francisco Tsz Tsun Lai, Xue Li, Eric Yuk Fai Wan, Sydney Chi Wai Tang, Esther Wai Yin Chan, Ian Chi Kei Wong
Journal: Kidney International (2022)
Differing Associations between Optic Nerve Head Strains and Visual Field Loss in Patients with Normal- and High-Tension Glaucoma
Authors: Thanadet Chuangsuwanich, Tin A. Tun, Fabian A. Braeu, Xiaofei Wang, Zhi Yun Chin, Satish Kumar Panda, Martin Buist, Nicholas Strouthidis, Shamira Perera, Monisha Nongpiur, Tin Aung, Michaël J.A. Girard
Journal: Ophthalmology (2022)
Germ line predisposition variants occur in myelodysplastic syndrome patients of all ages
Authors: Simone Feurstein, Amy M. Trottier, Noel Estrada-Merly, Matthew Pozsgai, Kelsey McNeely, Michael W. Drazer, Brian Ruhle, Katharine Sadera, Ashwin L. Koppayi, Bart L. Scott, Betul Oran, Taiga Nishihori, Vaibhav Agrawal, Ayman Saad, R. Coleman Lindsley, Ryotaro Nakamura, Soyoung Kim, Zhenhuan Hu, Ronald Sobecks, Stephen Spellman, Wael Saber, Lucy A. Godley
Journal: Blood (2022)
The role, mechanism, and application of RNA methyltransferase METTL14 in gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Bin Shi, Wei-Wei Liu, Ke Yang, Guan-Min Jiang, Hao Wang
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2022)

Abstract Gastrointestinal cancer is the most common human malignancy characterized by high lethality and poor prognosis. Emerging evidences indicate that N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant post-transcriptional modification in eukaryotes, exerts important roles in regulating mRNA metabolism including stability, decay, splicing, transport, and translation. As the key component of the m6A methyltransferase complex, methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) catalyzes m6A methylation on mRNA or non-coding RNA to regulate gene expression and cell phenotypes. Dysregulation of METTL14 was deemed to be involved in various aspects of gastrointestinal cancer, such as tumorigenesis, progression, chemoresistance, and metastasis. Plenty of findings have opened up new avenues for exploring the therapeutic potential of gastrointestinal cancer targeting METTL14. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent advances regarding the biological functions of METTL14 in gastrointestinal cancer, discuss its potential clinical applications and propose the research forecast.
Remdesivir-induced emergence of SARS-CoV2 variants in patients with prolonged infection
Authors: Andreas Heyer, Thomas Günther, Alexis Robitaille, Marc Lütgehetmann, Marylyn M. Addo, Dominik Jarczak, Stefan Kluge, Martin Aepfelbacher, Julian Schulze zur Wiesch, Nicole Fischer, Adam Grundhoff
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2022)

We here investigate the impact of antiviral treatments such as remdesivir on intra-host genomic diversity and emergence of SARS-CoV2 variants in patients with a prolonged course of infection. Sequencing and variant analysis performed in 112 longitudinal respiratory samples from 14 SARS-CoV2-infected patients with severe disease progression show that major frequency variants do not generally arise during prolonged infection. However, remdesivir treatment can increase intra-host genomic diversity and result in the emergence of novel major variant species harboring fixed mutations. This is particularly evident in a patient with B cell depletion who rapidly developed mutations in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene following remdesivir treatment. Remdesivir treatment-associated emergence of novel variants is of great interest in light of current treatment guidelines for hospitalized patients suffering from severe SARS-CoV2 disease, as well as the potential use of remdesivir to preventively treat non-hospitalized patients at high risk for severe disease progression.
N of 1 trials
Authors: M. Porta, F. Bolumar, I. Hernandez, J. Vioque
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>AIMS</h3> The medium term prognosis of cyclical vomiting syndrome (CVS) was studied to determine the proportion of affected individuals who had gone on to develop headaches fulfilling the International Headache Society criteria for migraine. <h3>METHODS</h3> Twenty six (76%) of 34 CVS sufferers identified from the authors9 clinical records were traced, and all agreed to participate. Each child was matched to a control, and telephone interviews were conducted using a standardised questionnaire. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Thirteen (50%) of the subjects had continuing CVS and/or migraine headaches while the remainder were currently asymptomatic. The prevalence of past or present migraine headaches in subjects (46%) was significantly higher than in the control population (12%). <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Results support the concept that CVS is closely related to migraine.
A human model of arteriovenous malformation (AVM)-on-a-chip reproduces key disease hallmarks and enables drug testing in perfused human vessel networks
Authors: Kayla Soon, Mengyuan Li, Ruilin Wu, Angela Zhou, Negar Khosraviani, Williamson D. Turner, Joshua D. Wythe, Jason E. Fish, Sara S. Nunes
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)
A prognostic survival nomogram for persons with extra-nodal natural killer-/T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Hua Wang, Bi-bo Fu, Zhi-jun Wuxiao, Ya-jun Li, Li Huang, Jie Ma, Zhi-min Zhai, Jing Guo, Yuan-bin Wu, Zhen-shu Xu, Jia Feng, Sheng-sheng Zhou, Ting-ting Chen, Xing-gui Chen, Guo-wei Li, Ting-zhi Liu, Hai-bin Huang, Run-hui Zheng, Yong-hua Li, Hong-fang Tao, Fu-ming Zi, Fan Wu, Juan Wang, Hui Zeng, Cai-bo Fu, Robert Peter Gale, Zhong-jun Xia, Yang Liang
Journal: Leukemia (2022)
Multiple BCG vaccinations for the prevention of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Denise L. Faustman, Amanda Lee, Emma R. Hostetter, Anna Aristarkhova, Nathan C. Ng, Gabriella F. Shpilsky, Lisa Tran, Grace Wolfe, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Hans F. Dias, Joan Braley, Hui Zheng, David A. Schoenfeld, Willem M. Kühtreiber
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2022)

There is a need for safe and effective platform vaccines to protect against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other infectious diseases. In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 2/3 trial, we evaluate the safety and efficacy of a multi-dose Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19 and other infectious disease in a COVID-19-unvaccinated, at-risk-community-based cohort. The at-risk population is made of up of adults with type 1 diabetes. We enrolled 144 subjects and randomized 96 to BCG and 48 to placebo. There were no dropouts over the 15-month trial. A cumulative incidence of 12.5% of placebo-treated and 1% of BCG-treated participants meets criteria for confirmed COVID-19, yielding an efficacy of 92%. The BCG group also displayed fewer infectious disease symptoms and lesser severity and fewer infectious disease events per patient, including COVID-19. There were no BCG-related systemic adverse events. BCG's broad-based infection protection suggests that it may provide platform protection against new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and other pathogens.
P-043: GEOGRAPHICAL AND ETHNIC DISTRIBUTION OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE IN MADHYA PRADESH AND CHHATTISGARH STATES OF INDIA
Authors: KUMAR R., SAHU B., YADAV R., SHANMUGAM R.
Journal: HemaSphere (2022)

Purpose: India shoulders the second highest burden of sickle cell disease (SCD) and around 44000 new-borns with SCD are borne in India. SCD in India is localized to certain geographical areas in central India (from South-Eastern Gujarat to South-Western Odisha) and southern India (Eastern Ghats and Nilgiri Hills). Further, the disease is more prevalent in certain indigenous groups (tribes). Prior knowledge of disease prevalence in different geographical areas and tribal groups may help in designing locally appropriate policies and implementation plans for control and management of SCD. The aim of this study is to map out the geographical and ethnic distribution of SCD in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh states of India. Materials and methods: In the present study, retrospective data from previously published in journals, books and conference proceedings were retrieved. Prevalence of SCD in different districts of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh state were recorded. Similarly, disease prevalence in different tribes of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh state. Results: In Madhya Pradesh state sickle cell disease is commonly found in southern part of the state and 22 districts have high burden of sickle cell disease. The majorly affected tribes are Gond, Baiga, Bharia, Panika and Pradhan. Among schedule caste community, sickle cell is more prevalent in Jharia and Mehra of certain areas. The prevalence of sickle cell trait within the community varies from one place to another (Figure 1). In Chhattisgarh, the SCD is common in central and southern parts and barring few districts. Twelve districts in Chhattisgarh falls into sickle belt of the state. The sickle cell trait prevalence was more than 10 percent in Abhujmaria, Gond, Halba tribes and Ghasia, Mahar and Ganda schedule caste communities of Chhattisgarh. In other backward class community, it is more prevalent in Agariha, Teli, Kurmi, Kumhar community of certain area (Figure 2). Conclusion: The study mapped out the distribution of sickle cell disease in multi-ethnic population of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh State of India. This will help in planning the universal screening strategy for prevention of SCD.Ethinic distrubition of SCT in Madhya PradeshEthnic distribution of SCT in Chhattisgarh The authors do not declare any conflict of interest
P-082: VITAMIN B-6 STATUS AND DIETARY INTAKE AMONG CANADIAN CHILDREN WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE
Authors: WILLIAMS B., MCCARTNEY H., DEVLIN A., AMID A., VERCAUTEREN S., WU J., KARAKOCHUK C.
Journal: HemaSphere (2022)

Purpose: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hemoglobin disorder characterized by chronic hemolysis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Requirements of vitamin B-6 are thought to be elevated in individuals with SCD due to increased red blood cell (RBC) turnover. Vitamin B-6 also has in vitro anti-sickling properties and is thought to reduce oxidative stress as a coenzyme in the glutathione antioxidant defense system. The aim of this study was to determine the status and dietary intake of vitamin B-6 in Canadian children with SCD. Materials and methods: Fasted plasma samples were collected at baseline from individuals with SCD in British Columbia, Canada participating in a folic acid supplementation trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04011345). Samples were analyzed for plasma B-6 concentrations using high-performance liquid chromatography. Marginal vitamin B-6 status was defined as plasma pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP) concentrations of 20-30 nmol/L, while deficiency was defined as PLP <20 nmol/L. Dietary vitamin B-6 intake data was collected and analyzed from two non-consecutive dietary recalls using the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour (ASA24) Dietary Assessment Tool-Canada 2018 version. Medication use was collected from the medical chart. Supplement use was self-reported by questionnaire. Results: A total of 18 individuals (67% female; SCD type: HbSS n=16, HbSβ0-thal n=2) with a median (IQR) age of 10 (8, 14) years were included. The majority (89%) of participants were prescribed hydroxyurea (median (IQR) dose: 22.0 (19.5, 25.5) mg/kg/d)). Median (IQR) PLP concentrations were 30.2 (23.9, 51.9) nmol/L. A total of 33% of participants (n=6) had marginal vitamin B-6 status, and 17% (n=3) were deficient. Median (IQR) intake of vitamin B-6 from diet and supplements was 1.1 (0.8, 2.0) mg/d. Four participants (22%) did not meet the age- and sex-specific Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA; Average daily intake sufficient to meet the requirement of ~97% of healthy individuals) for vitamin B-6, and 3 of them (17%) did not meet the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR; Average daily intake sufficient to meet the requirement of 50% of healthy individuals). There was no significant correlation between dietary intake of vitamin B-6 and PLP or total vitamin B-6 concentrations (r=0.12 and r=-0.07, respectively). Conclusion: Despite most participants having sufficient estimated dietary B-6 intakes, half had marginal or deficient vitamin B-6 status. Further research which investigates the estimated needs and utilization of vitamin B-6 in individuals with SCD is warranted. (Funding: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)) The authors do not declare any conflict of interest
P-063: NUTRITIONAL AND PUBERTAL PROFILE OF CHILDREN WITH MAJOR SICKLE CELL DISEASE ADMITTED AT THE MEDICAL AND HEALTH COUNCIL CENTER OF KIPÉ, CONAKRY-2018
Authors: DOUKOURE M., CHERIF M., DIALLO F., BALDE N., DIALLO M.
Journal: HemaSphere (2022)

Purpose: A child’s growth reflects it nutritional and pubertal status and it is proven that nutrition is a factor affecting pubertal development. Sickle cell patients often have slowed growth and delayed pubertal development. This work aims to assess the nutritional and/or pubertal profile in children with sickle cell diseases (SS) admitted at the CEMECO center. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study and study participant under 16 years were randomly selected from the health center database having about 6497 cases and enrolled in the study.The participants were divides into two groups based on the electrophoresis of hemoglobin: Sickle cell disease including 103 cases of SS (homozygote) and 18 cases of SC, S, β-Thalassemia and SE (heterozygous). While the group of non-sickle cell participants includes 87 (AA and AS) Results: We included 208 children among them121 sickle cell disease patients and 87 non sickle cell diseasechildren. with a sex ratio M/F was about1.02. The meanage of sickle cell patients was 8.7±4.4 years while that of non-sickle cell patients was 9.5 ± years. The family income evaluated according to the MICS, was similar between the two groups (P= 0.123). Evaluation of nutritional status using the weight / height score-z, revealed that in children under five years of age with sickle cell patients, was lower than that of non-sickle cell patients(p=). However, the difference was not significative (P = 0.155). The height/age ratio express as Z score showed a significative difference between sickle cell patients (1.1 Z score)while non-sickle cell patients (P =0.000). Underweight evaluated by weight/age z-score showed that the in-sickle cell patients were -0.91 and -0.12 in non-sickle cell patients (P=0.014). However, the BMI evaluation did not show any significant difference between sickle and non-sickle cell patients P=0.188. The proportion of delayed puberty in sickle cell patients were (4.8%) compared to 6.3% in non-in sickle cell patients. puberty. Uni-variate analysis showed an association between sickle cell disease and testicular development (P=0.046). Conclusion: The height/age ratio expressed as Z score result is similar to those found by Sharon E. Cox et al. in Tanzania in 2011. Contrary to the report by Al Saqladi et al, a difference was found in the weight/age z-score between the body mass index in control children compared to sickle cell children. These results are different from those found by Shongo et al. in 2015 that were statistically significant with a P >0.05 (21). This difference may be justified by the fact that our sample was larger than theirs. In some, this study highlighted growth retardation and slowed testicular development in children with sickle cell disease. The authors do not declare any conflict of interest
P-004: HEALTH CARE TRANSITION (HCT) FOR SICKLE CELL DISEASE (SCD) CAN BE STANDARDIZED: RESULTS OF IMPLEMENTING A SCD HCT LEARNING COLLABORATIVE.
Authors: OSUNKWO I., CORNETTE J., COURTLANDT C., WHITE P., PATTERSON C., MCMANUS P., NOONAN L., LAWRENCE R.
Journal: HemaSphere (2022)

Purpose: Ensuring consistent healthcare during transition remains challenging for SCD. The Sickle Cell Trevor Thompson Transition (ST3P-UP) study aimed to standardize the transition process for emerging adults with SCD while engaging the community as an equal partner. The ST3P-UP SCD HCT learning collaborative engaged 14 pediatric and adult paired sites (including community participation) using a standardized quality improvement (QI) process. Monthly virtual meetings provided coaching on clinical recommendations, QI methods, and practical implementation of Six Core Elements of HCT (6CE). Materials and methods: Implementation of 6CE was measured across 14 clinical sites who collectively provide care for 1625 individuals with SCD aged 16-25. Each site comprised of both pediatric and adult clinics and a partner community-based organization (CBO). Clinical programs varied: 12 urban, 2 rural; 12 academic, 2 non-academic; 6 small, 8 large. The HCT Process Measurement Tool (HCT-PMT) assessed 6CE implementation adherence using iterative QI strategies at baseline (2018) and every 6 months thereafter through 42 months (2022). Pre and post results were compared for overall group and by type of practice. Results: All 14 sites made substantial progress towards implementing a structured SCD HCT process over the past 42 months. Overall HCT-PMT scores increased over time from 19.4 at baseline to 61.5 at 12 months, 92.1 at 24 months, 96.8 at 36 months and 97.2 at 42 months. Pediatric site scores increased significantly from 24 (baseline) to 71 (12 months) to 96 (24 months) to 99 (36 and 42 months). Adult site scores also increased from 15 (baseline) to 52 (12 months) to 88 (24 months) to 95 (36 and 42 months). Pediatric sites scored higher at each scoring interval from baseline through 42 months versus adult sites. Both large and small sites demonstrated significant increase in PMT scores from baseline over the 42 months of the LC. Only one site – a large adult site – failed to achieve the collaborative goal of a PMT score >90. This site was unique in that they had a change in adult PI three times within the first 18 months of the collaborative however they continue to make progress towards their goal. Conclusion: All 14 pediatric and adult sites reported significant progress with adherence to a structured HCT process aligned with the 6CE within 42 months using quality improvement. Partnering with CBO’s facilitates sustainability and optimal patient engagement.SCD Health Care Transition Process Measurement Tool Trend Over Time Ped & AdultOverall Collaborative PMT Scores Over Time The authors do not declare any conflict of interest