tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dynamic effects of probiotic formula ecologic®825 on human small intestinal ileostoma microbiota: a network theory approach
Authors: Jack Jansma, Nicola U. Thome, Markus Schwalbe, Anastasia Chrysovalantou Chatziioannou, Somayah S. Elsayed, Gilles P. van Wezel, Pieter van den Abbeele, Saskia van Hemert, Sahar El Aidy
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in health and disease. The use of probiotics as microbiota-targeted therapies is a promising strategy to improve host health. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in such therapies are often not well understood, particularly when targeting the small intestinal microbiota. In this study, we investigated the effects of a probiotic formula (Ecologic®825) on the adult human small intestinal ileostoma microbiota. The results showed that supplementation with the probiotic formula led to a reduction in the growth of pathobionts, such as Enterococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, and a decrease in ethanol production. These changes were associated with significant alterations in nutrient utilization and resistance to perturbations. These probiotic mediated alterations which coincided with an initial increase in lactate production and decrease in pH were followed by a sharp increase in the levels of butyrate and propionate. Moreover, the probiotic formula increased the production of multiple N-acyl amino acids in the stoma samples. The study demonstrates the utility of network theory in identifying novel microbiota-targeted therapies and improving existing ones. Overall, the findings provide insights into the dynamic molecular mechanisms underlying probiotic therapies, which can aid in the development of more effective treatments for a range of conditions.
<i>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</i> Internal Transcribed Spacer Genotype VIII
Authors: Avrom S. Caplan, George A. Zakhem, Miriam Keltz Pomeranz
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2023)

This case report describes large, annular, scaly, and erythematous plaques in the axillae and legs extending from the groin as well as involvement of the chest surrounding the areola.
Trends in Opioid Toxicity–Related Deaths in the US Before and After the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2011-2021
Authors: Tara Gomes, Shaleesa Ledlie, Mina Tadrous, Muhammad Mamdani, J. Michael Paterson, David N. Juurlink
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Opioid-related harms constitute a major public health crisis in the US, and this crisis has worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives To characterize the societal burden of unintentional opioid-related deaths in the US and describe changing mortality patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design, Setting, and Participants A serial cross-sectional study examined all unintentional opioid-related deaths in the US, evaluated annually from calendar years 2011 to 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures The public health burden of opioid toxicity–related deaths was estimated in 2 ways. First, the proportion of all deaths that were attributable to unintentional opioid toxicity by year (2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, and 2021) and age group (15-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and 60-74 years) were calculated, using age-specific estimates of all-cause mortality as the denominator. Second, the total years of life lost (YLL) due to unintentional opioid toxicity was estimated, overall and by sex and age group, for each year studied. Results Among the 422 605 unintentional deaths due to opioid toxicity between 2011 and 2021, the median age of the individuals was 39 (IQR, 30-51) years, and 69.7% were male. The number of unintentional deaths due to opioid toxicity increased 289% over the study period, from 19 395 (2011) to 75 477 (2021). Similarly, the percentage of all deaths that were attributed to opioid toxicity increased from 1.8% in 2011 to 4.5% in 2021. By 2021, opioid toxicity was responsible for 10.2% of all deaths among those aged 15 to 19 years, 21.7% of deaths among those aged 20 to 29 years, and 21.0% of deaths among those aged 30 to 39 years. The YLL due to opioid toxicity increased 276% over the study period, from 777 597 in 2011 to 2 922 497 in 2021. While YLL plateaued between 2017 (7.0 YLL per 1000) and 2019 (7.2 YLL per 1000), it increased by 62.9% between 2019 and 2021 coincident with the COVID-19 pandemic, reaching 11.7 YLL per 1000 population. This relative increase was similar across all age groups and sexes with the exception of those aged 15 to 19 years, in whom the YLL nearly tripled, from 1.5 to 3.9 YLL per 1000 population. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, deaths due to opioid toxicity increased substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic. By 2021, 1 of every 22 deaths in the US was attributable to unintentional opioid toxicity, underscoring the urgent need to support people at risk of substance-related harm, particularly men, younger adults, and adolescents.
Seeking new topical therapies in psoriasis
Authors: Dominika Kwiatkowska, Adam Reich
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Journal Article Corrected proof Seeking new topical therapies in psoriasis Get access Dominika Kwiatkowska, Dominika Kwiatkowska Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3268-012X Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Adam Reich Adam Reich Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Poland Correspondence: Adam Reich. Email: adi_medicalis@go2.pl https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5573-1754 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, ljad233, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljad233 Published: 07 July 2023 Article history Received: 30 June 2023 Accepted: 04 July 2023 Published: 07 July 2023 Corrected and typeset: 08 August 2023
A Child With Large Pulmonary and Liver Cysts
Authors: Yuelin Shen, Wenbo Yu, Penggao Wang
Journal: JAMA (2023)

A previously healthy 7-year-old had 1 week of fevers, productive cough, and lethargy, which did not improve after 3 days of oral cefuroxime. He lived in a rural area and had close contact with dogs, cattle, and sheep. White blood cell count was 8000/μL, with 25.8% eosinophils; computed tomography showed a ruptured right upper lobe pulmonary cyst and 3 liver cysts. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?
High variation across <i>E. coli</i> hybrid isolates identified in metabolism-related biological pathways co-expressed with virulent genes
Authors: Rahul Gomes, Ashleigh Denison Kroschel, Stephanie Day, Rick Jansen
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

Virulent genes present in Escherichia coli (E. coli) can cause significant human diseases. These enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) isolates with virulent genes show different expression levels when grown under diverse laboratory conditions. In this research, we have performed differential gene expression analysis using publicly available RNA-seq data on three pathogenic E. coli hybrid isolates in an attempt to characterize the variation in gene interactions that are altered by the presence or absence of virulent factors within the genome. Almost 26.7% of the common genes across these strains were found to be differentially expressed. Out of the 88 differentially expressed genes with virulent factors identified from PATRIC, nine were common in all these strains. A combination of Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis and Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis reveals significant differences in gene co-expression involving virulent genes common among the three investigated strains. The co-expression pattern is observed to be especially variable among biological pathways involving metabolism-related genes. This suggests a potential difference in resource allocation or energy generation across the three isolates based on genomic variation.
Evaluation of Population-Level Tobacco Control Interventions and Health Outcomes
Authors: Shamima Akter, Md. Rashedul Islam, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Thomas Rouyard, Raïssa Shiyghan Nsashiyi, Fahima Hossain, Ryota Nakamura
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Smoking causes considerable noncommunicable diseases, perinatal morbidity, and mortality. Objective To investigate the associations of population-level tobacco-control policies with health outcomes. Data Sources PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and EconLit were searched from inception to March 2021 (updated on 1 March 2022). References were manually searched. Study Selection Studies reporting on associations of population-level tobacco control policies with health-related outcomes were included. Data were analyzed from May to July 2022. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were extracted by 1 investigator and cross-checked by a second investigator. Analyses were conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were respiratory system disease (RSD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, mortality, hospitalization, and health care utilization. The secondary outcomes were adverse birth outcomes, such as low birth weight and preterm birth. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Results Of 4952 records identified, 144 population-level studies were included in the final analysis; 126 studies (87.5%) were of high or moderate quality. The most frequently reported policies were smoke-free legislation (126 studies), followed by tax or price increases (14 studies), multicomponent tobacco control programs (12 studies), and a minimum cigarette purchase age law (1 study). Smoke-free legislation was associated with decreased risk of all CVD events (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.86-0.94), RSD events (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.96), hospitalization due to CVD or RSD (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87-0.95), and adverse birth outcomes (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92-0.96). These associations persisted in all sensitivity and subgroup analyses, except for the country income category, for which a significant reduction was only observed in high-income countries. In meta-analysis, there was no clear association of tax or price increases with adverse health outcomes. However, for the narrative synthesis, all 8 studies reported statistically significant associations between tax increases and decreases in adverse health events. Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review and meta-analysis, smoke-free legislation was associated with significant reductions in morbidity and mortality related to CVD, RSD, and perinatal outcomes. These findings support the need to accelerate the implementation of smoke-free laws to protect populations against smoking-related harm.
A Prognostic Model Based on Residual Cancer Burden and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes on Residual Disease after Neoadjuvant Therapy in HER2+ Breast Cancer
Authors: Federica Miglietta, Moira Ragazzi, Bethania Fernandes, Gaia Griguolo, Davide Massa, Fabio Girardi, Michele Bottosso, Alessandra Bisagni, Giovanni Zarrilli, Francesca Porra, Daniela Iannaccone, Leocadia Dore, Mariangela Gaudio, Giacomo Santandrea, Matteo Fassan, Marcello Lo Mele, Rita De Sanctis, Alberto Zambelli, Giancarlo Bisagni, Valentina Guarneri, Maria Vittoria Dieci
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

Abstract Purpose: We aim to evaluate the prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte on residual disease (RD-TIL) in HER2+ patients with breast cancer who failed to achieve pathologic complete response (pCR) after anti-HER2+ chemotherapy (CT)-based neoadjuvant treatment (NAT). We assessed the feasibility of combining the prognostic information provided by residual cancer burden (RCB) and RD-TILs into a composite score (RCB+TIL). Experimental Design: HER2+ patients with breast cancer treated with CT+anti-HER2-based NAT at three institutions were retrospectively included. RCB and TIL levels were evaluated on hematoxylin and eosin–stained slides from surgical samples according to available recommendations. Overall survival (OS) was used as an outcome measure. Results: A total of 295 patients were included, of whom 195 had RD. RCB was significantly associated with OS. Higher RD-TILs were significantly associated with poorer OS as compared with lower RD-TILs (15% cutoff). In multivariate analysis, both RCB and RD-TIL maintained their independent prognostic value. A combined score, RCB+TIL, was calculated from the estimated coefficient of RD-TILs and the RCB index in a bivariate logistic model for OS. The RCB+TIL score was significantly associated with OS. The C-index for OS of the RCB+TIL score was numerically higher than that of RCB and significantly higher than that of RD-TILs. Conclusions: We have reported an independent prognostic impact of RD-TILs after anti-HER2+CT NAT, which might underlie an imbalance of the RD microenvironment towards immunosuppressive features. We provided a new composite prognostic score based on RCB+TIL, which was significantly associated with OS and proved to be more informative than the isolated evaluation of RCB and RD-TILs.
Real‐world use of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: Data from the <scp>Swedish</scp> Heart Failure Registry
Authors: Davide Stolfo, Lars H. Lund, Lina Benson, Felix Lindberg, Giulia Ferrannini, Ulf Dahlström, Gianfranco Sinagra, Giuseppe M.C. Rosano, Gianluigi Savarese
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2023)

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce mortality/morbidity in heart failure (HF). We explored the implementation of SGLT2i over time, and patient characteristics associated with their use, in a large, nationwide population with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Patients with HFrEF (ejection fraction <40%), no type 1 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <20 ml/min/1.73 m2 and/or on dialysis, registered in the Swedish HF Registry between 1 November 2020 and 5 August 2022 were included. Independent predictors of use were investigated by multivariable logistic regressions. Of 8192 patients, 37% received SGLT2i. Use increased overall from 20.5% to 59.0% over time, from 46.2% and 12.5% to 69.8% and 55.4% in patients with and without type 2 diabetes, from 14.7% and 22.3% to 58.0% and 59.8% in eGFR <60 versus ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 , from 21.0% and 18.9% to 61.6% and 52.0% in males versus females, from 24.2% and 18.0% to 60.8% and 57.7% in patients with versus without recent HF hospitalization, from 26.1% and 19.8% to 54.7% and 59.6% in inpatients versus outpatients, and from 20.2% and 21.2% to 59.2% and 58.7% in those with HF duration <6 versus ≥6 months, respectively. Important characteristics associated with SGLT2i use were male sex, recent HF hospitalization, specialized HF follow-up, lower ejection fraction, type 2 diabetes, higher education level, use of other HF/cardiovascular interventions. Older age, higher blood pressure, atrial fibrillation and anaemia were associated with less use. Discontinuation rate at 6 and 12 months was 13.1% and 20.0%, respectively.Use of SGLT2i increased three-fold over 2 years. Although this indicates a more rapid translation of trial results and guidelines into clinical practice compared to previous HF drugs, further efforts are advocated to complete the implementation process while avoiding inequities across different patient subgroups and discontinuations.
Population immunity to pneumococcal serotypes in Kilifi, Kenya, before and 6 years after the introduction of PCV10 with a catch-up campaign: an observational study of cross-sectional serosurveys
Authors: Katherine E Gallagher, Ifedayo M O Adetifa, Caroline Mburu, Christian Bottomley, Donald Akech, Angela Karani, Emma Pearce, Yanyun Wang, E Wangeci Kagucia, David Goldblatt, Laura L Hammitt, J Anthony G Scott
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2023)

<h2>Summary</h2><h3>Background</h3> In Kilifi (Kenya), a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) was introduced in 2011 in infants (aged <1 year, 3 + 0 schedule) with a catch-up campaign in children aged 1–4 years. We aimed to measure the effect of PCV10 on population immunity. <h3>Methods</h3> In this observational study, repeated cross-sectional serosurveys were conducted in independent random samples of 500 children younger than 15 years every 2 years between 2009 and 2017. During these surveys, blood samples were collected by venesection. Concentrations of anti-capsular IgGs against vaccine serotypes (VTs) 1, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F, and against serotypes 6A and 19A, were assayed by ELISA. We plotted the geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) by birth year to visualise age-specific antibody profiles. In infants, IgG concentrations of 0·35 μg/mL or higher were considered protective. <h3>Findings</h3> Of 3673 volunteers approached, 2152 submitted samples for analysis across the five surveys. Vaccine introduction resulted in an increase in the proportion of young children with protective IgG concentrations, compared with before vaccine introduction (from 0–33% of infants with VT-specific levels over the correlate of protection in 2009, to 60–94% of infants in 2011). However, among those vaccinated in infancy, GMCs of all ten VTs had waned rapidly by the age of 1, but rose again later in childhood. GMCs among children aged 10–14 years were consistently high over time (eg, the range of GMCs across survey rounds were between 0·45 μg/mL and 1·00 μg/mL for VT 23F and between 2·00 μg/mL and 3·11 μg/mL for VT 19F). <h3>Interpretation</h3> PCV10 in a 3 + 0 schedule elicited protective IgG levels during infancy, when disease risk is high. The high antibody levels in children aged 10–14 years might indicate continued exposure to vaccine serotypes due to residual carriage or to memory responses to cross-reactive antigens. Despite rapid waning of IgG after vaccination, disease incidence among young children in this setting remains low, suggesting that lower thresholds of antibody, or other markers of immunity (eg, memory B cells), may be needed to assess population protection among children who have aged past infancy. <h3>Funding</h3> Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance; Wellcome Trust.
Pembrolizumab in patients with rare and ultra-rare sarcomas (AcSé Pembrolizumab): analysis of a subgroup from a non-randomised, open-label, phase 2, basket trial
Authors: Jean-Yves Blay, Sylvie Chevret, Axel Le Cesne, Mehdi Brahmi, Nicolas Penel, Sophie Cousin, Francois Bertucci, Emmanuelle Bompas, Thomas Ryckewaert, Pauline Soibinet, Pascaline Boudou-Rouquette, Esma Saada Bouzid, Patrick Soulie, Thibaud Valentin, Jean-Pierre Lotz, Diego Tosi, Zoé Neviere, Mathilde Cancel, Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Laetitia Gambotti, Frédéric Legrand, Assia Lamrani-Ghaouti, Clotilde Simon, Caroline Even, Christophe Massard
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2023)
Sleep Apnea Physiological Burdens and Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Gonzalo Labarca, Daniel Vena, Wen-Hsin Hu, Neda Esmaeili, Laura Gell, Hyung Chae Yang, Tsai-Yu Wang, Ludovico Messineo, Luigi Taranto-Montemurro, Tamar Sofer, Robert G. Barr, Katie L. Stone, David P. White, Andrew Wellman, Scott Sands, Susan Redline, Ali Azarbarzin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

Rationale: Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by frequent reductions in ventilation, leading to oxygen desaturations and/or arousals. Objectives: In this study, association of hypoxic burden with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) was examined and compared with that of “ventilatory burden” and “arousal burden.” Finally, we assessed the extent to which the ventilatory burden, visceral obesity, and lung function explain variations in hypoxic burden. Methods: Hypoxic, ventilatory, and arousal burdens were measured from baseline polysomnograms in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) studies. Ventilatory burden was defined as event-specific area under ventilation signal (mean normalized, area under the mean), and arousal burden was defined as the normalized cumulative duration of all arousals. The adjusted hazard ratios for incident CVD and mortality were calculated. Exploratory analyses quantified contributions to hypoxic burden of ventilatory burden, baseline oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry, visceral obesity, and spirometry parameters. Measurements and Main Results: Hypoxic and ventilatory burdens were significantly associated with incident CVD (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] per 1 SD increase in hypoxic burden: MESA, 1.45 [1.14, 1.84]; MrOS, 1.13 [1.02, 1.26]; ventilatory burden: MESA, 1.38 [1.11, 1.72]; MrOS, 1.12 [1.01, 1.25]), whereas arousal burden was not. Similar associations with mortality were also observed. Finally, 78% of variation in hypoxic burden was explained by ventilatory burden, whereas other factors explained only <2% of variation. Conclusions: Hypoxic and ventilatory burden predicted CVD morbidity and mortality in two population-based studies. Hypoxic burden is minimally affected by measures of adiposity and captures the risk attributable to ventilatory burden of obstructive sleep apnea rather than a tendency to desaturate.
Diagnostic challenges in cyclic Cushing's syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Elisabeth Nowak, Frederick Vogel, Adriana Albani, Leah Braun, German Rubinstein, Stephanie Zopp, Katrin Ritzel, Felix Beuschlein, Marily Theodoropoulou, Martin Reincke
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2023)
Lenalidomide plus rituximab for the initial treatment of frail older patients with DLBCL: the FIL_ReRi phase 2 study
Authors: Guido Gini, Monica Tani, Alessandra Tucci, Luigi Marcheselli, Marina Cesaretti, Monica Bellei, Anna Pascarella, Filippo Ballerini, Mauro Petrini, Francesco Merli, Attilio Olivieri, Francesco Lanza, Ombretta Annibali, Vittorio Ruggero Zilioli, Anna Marina Liberati, Maria Chiara Tisi, Annalisa Arcari, Dario Marino, Gerardo Musuraca, Vincenzo Pavone, Alberto Fabbri, Samantha Pozzi, Donato Mannina, Caterina Plenteda, Melania Celli, Stefano Luminari
Journal: Blood (2023)
A commentary on ‘Plasma metabolomics study in screening and differential diagnosis of multiple primary lung cancer’
Authors: Zongtao Hu, Jinmiao Zhu, Yuchen Fei, Donglai Lv
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

aDepartment of Thoracic Oncology, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230000, China bSchool of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China cDepartment of Medical Oncology, 901 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People Liberation Army, Hefei 230031, China This is a commentary (internal reviewed) Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: CHINA. E-mail address: [email protected] (D. Lv). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/