tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FAPI PET Signal in Hibernoma Reflects FAP Expression in Tumor Vasculature Cells
Authors: Masatoshi Hotta, Christine E. Mona, Joseph G. Crompton, Wesley R. Armstrong, Andrei Gafita, Scott D. Nelson, Fritz C. Eilber, David W. Dawson, Jeremie Calais, Matthias R. Benz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

A 43-year-old man with a growing mass in the right groin, concerned for liposarcoma, underwent MRI and 68 Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-46 PET/CT before surgery. Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor PET/CT demonstrated increased uptake (SUV max , 3.2) predominantly in the solid portion, where MRI showed gadolinium enhancement. The patient subsequently underwent surgery and was diagnosed with hibernoma. The immunohistochemistry of the tumor revealed the fibroblast activation protein expression in the fibrovascular network and myofibroblastic cells of the tumor. This case suggests that the FAPI uptake can be affected by the vascular cells, and thus, a careful interpretation of the FAPI PET signal may be needed.
Assessment and validation of the molecular international prognostic scoring system for myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Luis E. Aguirre, Najla Al Ali, David A. Sallman, Somedeb Ball, Akriti G. Jain, Onyee Chan, Sara M. Tinsley-Vance, Andrew Kuykendall, Kendra Sweet, Jeffrey E. Lancet, Eric Padron, Rami S. Komrokji
Journal: Leukemia (2023)
Unexpected FDG Uptake in the Cerebral Parenchyma in Subacute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Tsz-Kit Chow, Ka-Wai Chan, Ka-Lun Chiu, Chun-Ho Chan, Wai-Han Ma
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Changes in cerebral glucose metabolism after subarachnoid hemorrhage have been rarely described. We present a case with subacute subarachnoid hemorrhage showing unexpected elevated FDG uptake at adjacent cerebral parenchyma on FDG PET/CT. The density of the cerebral parenchyma was normal on CT. The patient received medical management without any neurological complication.
Chatbots in Medical Research: Advantages and Limitations of AI-Enabled Writing With a Focus on ChatGPT as an Author: Reply
Authors: Patrick M. Colletti
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Clinical Nuclear Medicine ():10.1097/RLU.0000000000004672, May 8, 2023. | DOI: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000004672
STING-activating nanoparticles normalize the vascular-immune interface to potentiate cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Lihong Wang-Bishop, Blaise R. Kimmel, Verra M. Ngwa, Matthew Z. Madden, Jessalyn J. Baljon, David C. Florian, Ann Hanna, Lucinda E. Pastora, Taylor L. Sheehy, Alexander J. Kwiatkowski, Mohamed Wehbe, Xiaona Wen, Kyle W. Becker, Kyle M. Garland, Jacob A. Schulman, Daniel Shae, Deanna Edwards, Melissa M. Wolf, Rossane Delapp, Plamen P. Christov, Kathryn E. Beckermann, Justin M. Balko, W. Kimryn Rathmell, Jeffrey C. Rathmell, Jin Chen, John T. Wilson
Journal: Science Immunology (2023)

The tumor-associated vasculature imposes major structural and biochemical barriers to the infiltration of effector T cells and effective tumor control. Correlations between stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway activation and spontaneous T cell infiltration in human cancers led us to evaluate the effect of STING-activating nanoparticles (STANs), which are a polymersome-based platform for the delivery of a cyclic dinucleotide STING agonist, on the tumor vasculature and attendant effects on T cell infiltration and antitumor function. In multiple mouse tumor models, intravenous administration of STANs promoted vascular normalization, evidenced by improved vascular integrity, reduced tumor hypoxia, and increased endothelial cell expression of T cell adhesion molecules. STAN-mediated vascular reprogramming enhanced the infiltration, proliferation, and function of antitumor T cells and potentiated the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T cell therapy. We present STANs as a multimodal platform that activates and normalizes the tumor microenvironment to enhance T cell infiltration and function and augments responses to immunotherapy.
From genetic characterization to new potential therapeutic options: targeting Bcl-xL in Merkel carcinoma
Authors: Thibault Kervarrec
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Journal Article Corrected proof From genetic characterization to new potential therapeutic options: targeting Bcl-xL in Merkel carcinoma Get access Thibault Kervarrec Thibault Kervarrec Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Tours‘Biologie des infections à polyomavirus’ Team, UMR1282 INRAE, University of Tours, Tours, France Correspondence: Thibault Kervarrec. Email: thibaultkervarrec@yahoo.fr https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2201-6914 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, ljad150, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljad150 Published: 05 May 2023 Article history Received: 24 April 2023 Accepted: 27 April 2023 Published: 05 May 2023 Corrected and typeset: 12 June 2023
See no allergen, hear no allergen, speak no allergen!
Authors: Aurore C. A. Gay, Martijn C. Nawijn
Journal: Science Immunology (2023)

Segmental allergen challenge in allergic patients with asthma reveals a previously unknown role for monocytes in the T helper 2 (T H 2)–dependent inflammatory response, whereas in allergic controls without asthma, allergen unresponsiveness seems to be maintained through epithelial-myeloid cell cross-talk that prevents T H 2 cell activation (see related Research Article by Alladina et al. ).
Fungi and cancer
Authors: Aurelia Saftien, Jens Puschhof, Eran Elinav
Journal: Gut (2023)

The microbiome may impact cancer development, progression and treatment responsiveness, but its fungal components remain insufficiently studied in this context. In this review, we highlight accumulating evidence suggesting a possible involvement of commensal and pathogenic fungi in modulation of cancer-related processes. We discuss the mechanisms by which fungi can influence tumour biology, locally by activity exerted within the tumour microenvironment, or remotely through secretion of bioactive metabolites, modulation of host immunity and communications with neighbouring bacterial commensals. We examine prospects of utilising fungi-related molecular signatures in cancer diagnosis, patient stratification and assessment of treatment responsiveness, while highlighting challenges and limitations faced in performing such research. In all, we demonstrate that fungi likely constitute important members of mucosal and tumour-residing microbiomes. Exploration of fungal inter-kingdom interactions with the bacterial microbiome and the host and decoding of their causal impacts on tumour biology may enable their harnessing into cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Short-term air pollution exposure and exacerbation events in mild to moderate COPD: a case-crossover study within the CanCOLD cohort
Authors: Bryan A Ross, Dany Doiron, Andrea Benedetti, Shawn D Aaron, Kenneth Chapman, Paul Hernandez, François Maltais, Darcy Marciniuk, Denis E O'Donnell, Don D Sin, Brandie L Walker, Wan Tan, Jean Bourbeau
Journal: Thorax (2023)

Background Infections are considered as leading causes of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Non-infectious risk factors such as short-term air pollution exposure may play a clinically important role. We sought to estimate the relationship between short-term air pollutant exposure and exacerbations in Canadian adults living with mild to moderate COPD. Methods In this case-crossover study, exacerbations (‘symptom based’: ≥48 hours of dyspnoea/sputum volume/purulence; ‘event based’: ‘symptom based’ plus requiring antibiotics/corticosteroids or healthcare use) were collected prospectively from 449 participants with spirometry-confirmed COPD within the Canadian Cohort Obstructive Lung Disease. Daily nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), ground-level ozone (O 3 ), composite of NO 2 and O 3 (O x ), mean temperature and relative humidity estimates were obtained from national databases. Time-stratified sampling of hazard and control periods on day ‘0’ (day-of-event) and Lags (‘−1’ to ‘−6’) were compared by fitting generalised estimating equation models. All data were dichotomised into ‘warm’ (May–October) and ‘cool’ (November–April) seasons. ORs and 95% CIs were estimated per IQR increase in pollutant concentrations. Results Increased warm season ambient concentration of NO 2 was associated with symptom-based exacerbations on Lag−3 (1.14 (1.01 to 1.29), per IQR), and increased cool season ambient PM 2.5 was associated with symptom-based exacerbations on Lag−1 (1.11 (1.03 to 1.20), per IQR). There was a negative association between warm season ambient O 3 and symptom-based events on Lag−3 (0.73 (0.52 to 1.00), per IQR). Conclusions Short-term ambient NO 2 and PM 2.5 exposure were associated with increased odds of exacerbations in Canadians with mild to moderate COPD, further heightening the awareness of non-infectious triggers of COPD exacerbations.
Maintenance programmes following pulmonary rehabilitation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: exercise, drugs and rock n’ roll
Authors: Claire Marie Nolan
Journal: Thorax (2023)

The evidence for pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) as a non-pharmacological management strategy for people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is consistent and continues to accrue.Meta-analysis has demonstrated that it effectively improves exercise capacity, dyspnoea and health-related quality of life,[1] and preliminary data suggest that improved physical performance following PR is associated with improved survival.[2]However, these benefits are short-lived, lasting no more than 6 months.[1]Despite this, no study has investigated strategies to maintain the benefits of PR in IPF, although two have been undertaken in interstitial lung disease (ILD) and demonstrated maintenance of benefit at 6 and 12 months post-PR.[3][4]
Autoantibodies identify primary Sjögren’s syndrome in patients lacking serum IgG specific for Ro/SS-A and La/SS-B
Authors: Sherri Longobardi, Charmaine Lopez-Davis, Bhuwan Khatri, Constantin Georgescu, Cherilyn Pritchett-Frazee, Christina Lawrence, Astrid Rasmussen, Lida Radfar, Robert Hal Scofield, Alan N Baer, Susan A Robinson, Erika Darrah, Robert C Axtell, Gabriel Pardo, Jonathan D Wren, Kristi A Koelsch, Joel M Guthridge, Judith A James, Christopher J Lessard, Amy Darise Farris
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2023)

Identify autoantibodies in anti-Ro/SS-A negative primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS).
Treatment of a patient with severe systemic sclerosis (SSc) using CD19-targeted CAR T cells
Authors: Christina Bergmann, Fabian Müller, Jörg H W Distler, Andrea-Hermina Györfi, Simon Völkl, Michael Aigner, Sascha Kretschmann, Hannah Reimann, Thomas Harrer, Nadine Bayerl, Sebastian Boeltz, Andreas Wirsching, Jule Taubmann, Wolf Rösler, Bernd Spriewald, Jochen Wacker, Armin Atzinger, Michael Uder, Torsten Kuwert, Andreas Mackensen, Georg Schett
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2023)
Potential Value of Identifying Type 2 Diabetes Subgroups for Guiding Intensive Treatment: A Comparison of Novel Data-Driven Clustering With Risk-Driven Subgroups
Authors: Xinyu Li, Anoukh van Giessen, James Altunkaya, Roderick C. Slieker, Joline W.J. Beulens, Leen M. ‘t Hart, Ewan R. Pearson, Petra J.M. Elders, Talitha L. Feenstra, Jose Leal
Journal: Diabetes Care (2023)

To estimate the impact on lifetime health and economic outcomes of different methods of stratifying individuals with type 2 diabetes, followed by guideline-based treatment intensification targeting BMI and LDL in addition to HbA1c.We divided 2,935 newly diagnosed individuals from the Hoorn Diabetes Care System (DCS) cohort into five Risk Assessment and Progression of Diabetes (RHAPSODY) data-driven clustering subgroups (based on age, BMI, HbA1c, C-peptide, and HDL) and four risk-driven subgroups by using fixed cutoffs for HbA1c and risk of cardiovascular disease based on guidelines. The UK Prospective Diabetes Study Outcomes Model 2 estimated discounted expected lifetime complication costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for each subgroup and across all individuals. Gains from treatment intensification were compared with care as usual as observed in DCS. A sensitivity analysis was conducted based on Ahlqvist subgroups.Under care as usual, prognosis in the RHAPSODY data-driven subgroups ranged from 7.9 to 12.6 QALYs. Prognosis in the risk-driven subgroups ranged from 6.8 to 12.0 QALYs. Compared with homogenous type 2 diabetes, treatment for individuals in the high-risk subgroups could cost 22.0% and 25.3% more and still be cost effective for data-driven and risk-driven subgroups, respectively. Targeting BMI and LDL in addition to HbA1c might deliver up to 10-fold increases in QALYs gained.Risk-driven subgroups better discriminated prognosis. Both stratification methods supported stratified treatment intensification, with the risk-driven subgroups being somewhat better in identifying individuals with the most potential to benefit from intensive treatment. Irrespective of stratification approach, better cholesterol and weight control showed substantial potential for health gains.
Evaluation of remote digital postoperative wound monitoring in routine surgical practice
Authors: Kenneth A. McLean, Alessandro Sgrò, Leo R. Brown, Louis F. Buijs, Luke Daines, Mark A. Potter, Matt-Mouley Bouamrane, Ewen M. Harrison
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2023)

Abstract Remote digital postoperative wound monitoring provides an opportunity to strengthen postoperative community care and minimise the burden of surgical-site infection (SSI). This study aimed to pilot a remote digital postoperative wound monitoring service and evaluate the readiness for implementation in routine clinical practice. This was a single-arm pilot implementational study of remote digital postoperative wound monitoring across two tertiary care hospitals in the UK (IDEAL stage 2b, clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05069103). Adults undergoing abdominal surgery were recruited and received a smartphone-delivered wound assessment tool for 30-days postoperatively. Patients received 30-day postoperative follow-up, including the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ). A thematic mixed-methods approach was used, according to the WHO framework for monitoring and evaluating digital health interventions. 200 patients were enroled, of whom 115 (57.5%) underwent emergency surgical procedures. Overall, the 30-day SSI rate was 16.5% ( n = 33/200), with 72.7% ( n = 24) diagnosed post-discharge. Usage of the intervention was 83.0% ( n = 166/200), with subsequently 74.1% ( n = 123/166) TUQ completion. There were no issues reported with feasibility of the technology, with the reliability (3.87, 95% CI: 3.73–4.00) and quality of the interface rated highly (4.18, 95%: 4.06–4.30). Patient acceptance was similarly high with regards to ease of use (4.51, 95% CI: 4.41–4.62), satisfaction (4.27, 95% CI: 4.13–4.41), and usefulness (4.07, 95% CI: 3.92–4.23). Despite the desire for more frequent and personalised interactions, the majority viewed the intervention as providing meaningful benefit over routine postoperative care. Remote digital postoperative wound monitoring successfully demonstrated readiness for implementation with regards to the technology, usability, and healthcare process improvement.
Machine Learning–Based Prognostic Model for Patients After Lung Transplantation
Authors: Dong Tian, Hao-Ji Yan, Heng Huang, Yu-Jie Zuo, Ming-Zhao Liu, Jin Zhao, Bo Wu, Ling-Zhi Shi, Jing-Yu Chen
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Although numerous prognostic factors have been found for patients after lung transplantation (LTx) over the years, an accurate prognostic tool for LTx recipients remains unavailable.To develop and validate a prognostic model for predicting overall survival in patients after LTx using random survival forests (RSF), a machine learning algorithm.This retrospective prognostic study included patients who underwent LTx between January 2017 and December 2020. The LTx recipients were randomly assigned to training and test sets in accordance with a ratio of 7:3. Feature selection was performed using variable importance with bootstrapping resampling. The prognostic model was fitted using the RSF algorithm, and a Cox regression model was set as a benchmark. The integrated area under the curve (iAUC) and integrated Brier score (iBS) were applied to assess model performance in the test set. Data were analyzed from January 2017 to December 2019.Overall survival in patients after LTx.A total of 504 patients were eligible for this study, consisting of 353 patients in the training set (mean [SD] age, 55.03 [12.78] years; 235 [66.6%] male patients) and 151 patients in the test set (mean [SD] age, 56.79 [10.95] years; 99 [65.6%] male patients). According to the variable importance of each factor, 16 were selected for the final RSF model, and postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation time was identified as the most valuable factor. The RSF model had excellent performance with an iAUC of 0.879 (95% CI, 0.832-0.921) and an iBS of 0.130 (95% CI, 0.106-0.154). The Cox regression model fitted by the same modeling factors to the RSF model was significantly inferior to the RSF model with an iAUC of 0.658 (95% CI, 0.572-0.747; P < .001) and an iBS of 0.205 (95% CI, 0.176-0.233; P < .001). According to the RSF model predictions, the patients after LTx were stratified into 2 prognostic groups displaying significant difference, with mean overall survival of 52.91 months (95% CI, 48.51-57.32) and 14.83 months (95% CI, 9.44-20.22; log-rank P < .001), respectively.In this prognostic study, the findings first demonstrated that RSF could provide more accurate overall survival prediction and remarkable prognostic stratification than the Cox regression model for patients after LTx.
Prediagnosis Smoking Cessation and Overall Survival Among Patients With Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Xinan Wang, Christopher W. Romero-Gutierrez, Jui Kothari, Andrea Shafer, Yi Li, David C. Christiani
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death globally; non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all lung cancer cases, and cigarette smoking is the factor most significantly associated with its risk. However, little is known about the association of years since prediagnosis smoking cessation and cumulative smoking with overall survival (OS) following a lung cancer diagnosis. Objective To characterize the association of years since smoking cessation before diagnosis and cumulative smoking pack-years with OS in patients with NSCLC in a lung cancer survivor cohort. Design, Setting, and Participants The cohort study involved patients with NSCLC who were recruited to the Boston Lung Cancer Survival Cohort at Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, Massachusetts) between 1992 and 2022. Patients’ smoking history and baseline clinicopathological characteristics were prospectively collected through questionnaires, and OS following lung cancer diagnosis was regularly updated. Exposures Duration of smoking cessation before a lung cancer diagnosis. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the association of detailed smoking history with OS following a lung cancer diagnosis. Results Of 5594 patients with NSCLC (mean [SD] age, 65.6 [10.8] years; 2987 men [53.4%]), 795 (14.2%) were never smokers, 3308 (59.1%) were former smokers, and 1491 (26.7%) were current smokers. Cox regression analysis suggested that former smokers had 26% higher mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.26; 95% CI, 1.13-1.40; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) and current smokers had 68% higher mortality (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.50-1.89; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) compared with never smokers. Log 2 -transformed years since smoking cessation before diagnosis were associated with significantly lower mortality among ever smokers (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99; P = .003). Subgroup analysis, stratified by clinical stage at diagnosis, revealed that former and current smokers had even shorter OS among patients with early-stage disease. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of patients with NSCLC, quitting smoking early was associated with lower mortality following a lung cancer diagnosis, and the association of smoking history with OS may have varied depending on clinical stage at diagnosis, potentially owing to the differing treatment regimens and efficacy associated with smoking exposure following diagnosis. Detailed smoking history collection should be incorporated into future epidemiological and clinical studies to improve lung cancer prognosis and treatment selection.
Trends in Resources for Neonatal Intensive Care at Delivery Hospitals for Infants Born Younger Than 30 Weeks’ Gestation, 2009-2020
Authors: Nansi S. Boghossian, Marco Geraci, Ciaran S. Phibbs, Scott A. Lorch, Erika M. Edwards, Jeffrey D. Horbar
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance In an ideal regionalized system, all infants born very preterm would be delivered at a large tertiary hospital capable of providing all necessary care. Objective To examine whether the distribution of extremely preterm births changed between 2009 and 2020 based on neonatal intensive care resources at the delivery hospital. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study was conducted at 822 Vermont Oxford Network (VON) centers in the US between 2009 and 2020. Participants included infants born at 22 to 29 weeks’ gestation, delivered at or transferred to centers participating in the VON. Data were analyzed from February to December 2022. Exposures Hospital of birth at 22 to 29 weeks’ gestation. Main Outcomes and Measures Birthplace neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) level was classified as A, restriction on assisted ventilation or no surgery; B, major surgery; or C, cardiac surgery requiring bypass. Level B centers were further divided into low-volume (&amp;amp;lt;50 inborn infants at 22 to 29 weeks’ gestation per year) and high-volume (≥50 inborn infants at 22 to 29 weeks’ gestation per year) centers. High-volume level B and level C centers were combined, resulting in 3 distinct NICU categories: level A, low-volume B, and high-volume B and C NICUs. The main outcome was the change in the percentage of births at hospitals with level A, low-volume B, and high-volume B or C NICUs overall and by US Census region. Results A total of 357 181 infants (mean [SD] gestational age, 26.4 [2.1] weeks; 188 761 [52.9%] male) were included in the analysis. Across regions, the Pacific (20 239 births [38.3%]) had the lowest while the South Atlantic (48 348 births [62.7%]) had the highest percentage of births at a hospital with a high-volume B– or C-level NICU. Births at hospitals with A-level NICUs increased by 5.6% (95% CI, 4.3% to 7.0%), and births at low-volume B–level NICUs increased by 3.6% (95% CI, 2.1% to 5.0%), while births at hospitals with high-volume B– or C-level NICUs decreased by 9.2% (95% CI, −10.3% to −8.1%). By 2020, less than half of the births for infants at 22 to 29 weeks’ gestation occurred at hospitals with high-volume B– or C-level NICUs. Most US Census regions followed the nationwide trends; for example, births at hospitals with high-volume B– or C-level NICUs decreased by 10.9% [95% CI, −14.0% to −7.8%) in the East North Central region and by 21.1% (95% CI, −24.0% to −18.2%) in the West South Central region. Conclusions and Relevance This retrospective cohort study identified concerning deregionalization trends in birthplace hospital level of care for infants born at 22 to 29 weeks’ gestation. These findings should serve to encourage policy makers to identify and enforce strategies to ensure that infants at the highest risk of adverse outcomes are born at the hospitals where they have the best chances to attain optimal outcomes.