Long-term outcomes of the global tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection cohort
Authors: Nicolas Casco, Alberto Levi Jorge, Domingo Juan Palmero, Jan-Willem Alffenaar, Greg J. Fox, Wafaa Ezz, Jin-Gun Cho, Justin Denholm, Alena Skrahina, Varvara Solodovnikova, Marcos Abdo Arbex, Tatiana Alves, Marcelo Fouad Rabahi, Giovana Rodrigues Pereira, Roberta Sales, Denise Rossato Silva, Muntasir M. Saffie, Nadia Escobar Salinas, Ruth Caamaño Miranda, Catalina Cisterna, Clorinda Concha, Israel Fernandez, Claudia Villalón, Carolina Guajardo Vera, Patricia Gallegos Tapia, Viviana Cancino, Monica Carbonell, Arturo Cruz, Eduardo Muñoz, Camila Muñoz, Indira Navarro, Rolando Pizarro, Gloria Pereira Cristina Sánchez, Maria Soledad Vergara Riquelme, Evelyn Vilca, Aline Soto, Ximena Flores, Ana Garavagno, Martina Hartwig Bahamondes, Luis Moyano Merino, Ana María Pradenas, Macarena Espinoza Revillot, Patricia Rodriguez, Angeles Serrano Salinas, Carolina Taiba, Joaquín Farías Valdés, Jorge Navarro Subiabre, Carlos Ortega, Sofia Palma, Patricia Perez Castillo, Mónica Pinto, Francisco Rivas Bidegain, Margarita Venegas, Edith Yucra, Yang Li, Andres Cruz, Beatriz Guelvez, Regina Victoria Plaza, Kelly Yoana Tello Hoyos, José Cardoso-Landivar, Martin Van Den Boom, Claire Andréjak, François-Xavier Blanc, Samir Dourmane, Antoine Froissart, Armine Izadifar, Frédéric Rivière, Frédéric Schlemmer, Katerina Manika, Boubacar Djelo Diallo, Souleymane Hassane-Harouna, Norma Artiles, Licenciada Andrea Mejia, Nitesh Gupta, Pranav Ish, Gyanshankar Mishra, Jigneshkumar M. Patel, Rupak Singla, Zarir F. Udwadia, Francesca Alladio, Fabio Angeli, Andrea Calcagno, Rosella Centis, Luigi Ruffo Codecasa, Angelo De Lauretis, Susanna M.R. Esposito, Beatrice Formenti, Alberto Gaviraghi, Vania Giacomet, Delia Goletti, Gina Gualano, Alberto Matteelli, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Ilaria Motta, Fabrizio Palmieri, Emanuele Pontali, Tullio Prestileo, Niccolò Riccardi, Laura Saderi, Matteo Saporiti, Giovanni Sotgiu, Antonio Spanevello, Claudia Stochino, Marina Tadolini, Alessandro Torre, Simone Villa, Dina Visca, Xhevat Kurhasani, Mohammed Furjani, Najia Rasheed, Edvardas Danila, Saulius Diktanas, Ruy López Ridaura, Fátima Leticia Luna López, Marcela Muñoz Torrico, Adrian Rendon, Onno W. Akkerman, Onyeaghala Chizaram, Seif Al-Abri, Fatma Alyaquobi, Khalsa Althohli, Sarita Aguirre, Rosarito Coronel Teixeira, Viviana De Egea, Sandra Irala, Angélica Medina, Guillermo Sequera, Natalia Sosa, Fátima Vázquez, Félix K. Llanos-Tejada, Selene Manga, Renzo Villanueva-Villegas, David Araujo, Raquel DuarteTânia Sales Marques, Adriana Socaci, Olga Barkanova, Maria Bogorodskaya, Sergey Borisov, Andrei Mariandyshev, Anna Kaluzhenina, Tatjana Adzic Vukicevic, Maja Stosic, Darius Beh, Deborah Ng, Catherine W.M. Ong, Ivan Solovic, Keertan Dheda, Phindile Gina, José A. Caminero, Maria Luiza De Souza Galvão, Angel Dominguez-Castellano, José-María García-García, Israel Molina Pinargote, Sarai Quirós Fernandez, Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá, Eva Tabernero Huguet, Miguel Zabaleta Murguiondo, Pierre-Alexandre Bart, Jesica Mazza-Stalder, Lia D'Ambrosio, Phalin Kamolwat, Freya Bakko, James Barnacle, Sophie Bird, Annabel Brown, Shruthi Chandran, Kieran Killington, Kathy Man, Padmasayee Papineni, Flora Ritchie, Simon Tiberi, Natasa Utjesanovic, Dominik Zenner, Jasie L. Hearn, Scott Heysell, Laura Young
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2023)

Background Longitudinal cohort data of patients with tuberculosis (TB) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are lacking. In our global study, we describe long-term outcomes of patients affected by TB and COVID-19. Methods We collected data from 174 centres in 31 countries on all patients affected by COVID-19 and TB between 1 March 2020 and 30 September 2022. Patients were followed-up until cure, death or end of cohort time. All patients had TB and COVID-19; for analysis purposes, deaths were attributed to TB, COVID-19 or both. Survival analysis was performed using Cox proportional risk-regression models, and the log-rank test was used to compare survival and mortality attributed to TB, COVID-19 or both. Results Overall, 788 patients with COVID-19 and TB (active or sequelae) were recruited from 31 countries, and 10.8% (n=85) died during the observation period. Survival was significantly lower among patients whose death was attributed to TB and COVID-19 versus those dying because of either TB or COVID-19 alone (p&lt;0.001). Significant adjusted risk factors for TB mortality were higher age (hazard ratio (HR) 1.05, 95% CI 1.03–1.07), HIV infection (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.02–5.16) and invasive ventilation (HR 4.28, 95% CI 2.34–7.83). For COVID-19 mortality, the adjusted risks were higher age (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02–1.04), male sex (HR 2.21, 95% CI 1.24–3.91), oxygen requirement (HR 7.93, 95% CI 3.44–18.26) and invasive ventilation (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.36–3.53). Conclusions In our global cohort, death was the outcome in &gt;10% of patients with TB and COVID-19. A range of demographic and clinical predictors are associated with adverse outcomes.