tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

M7824 (MSB0011359C) is an innovative first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein composed of a monoclonal antibody against PD-L1 fused to a TGF-β “trap.” Strauss and colleagues report the first clinical data for M7824–including safety, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and efficacy findings–from a phase 1 dose-escalation study in patients with advanced solid tumors. M7824 saturated peripheral PD-L1 and sequestered any released plasma TGF-β throughout the dosing period at a dose of &gt;1 mg/kg. M7824 has a manageable safety profile, and early evidence of clinical efficacy are promising, including one ongoing confirmed complete response (cervical cancer) and two durable confirmed partial responses (pancreatic and anal cancers).Structural rearrangements are common events in cancer genomes. Plenker and colleagues present experimental and clinical data that identify structural alteration in MET as druggable targets in adenocarcinomas of the lung. Clinical response to MET kinase inhibition for both MET gene fusions as well as the MET kinase domain duplication were observed and support the in vitro data. Thus, testing for these complex structural rearrangements should become part of clinical routine to improve patient care.Tucker and colleagues report that global loss of 5-hmC expression is associated with a decreased response to platinum-based chemotherapy, shorter time to relapse, and poor overall survival in newly diagnosed ovarian cancer patients. Most importantly, the authors identify a targetable pathway to rescue 5-hmC loss both genetically and pharmacologically, restore platinum chemosensitivity, and increase survival in poor prognostic platinum-resistant disease. This study could open new avenues for epigenetic reprogramming strategies in newly diagnosed ovarian cancer patients with intrinsic platinum resistant/refractory disease who exhibit decreased 5-hmC levels and may lead to a more durable tumor remission and overall survival.Despite advances, the median survival of glioblastoma (GBM) remains at 15-17 months, which emphasizes the need for elucidating novel molecules for therapeutic possibilities. The effort worldwide is towards identifying subgroups with similar genetic changes for patient stratification and targeted therapy. In this study, Pal and colleagues demonstrate that mutations in calcitonin receptor (CALCR) predict poor prognosis in GBM. The authors established the calcitonin-CALCR axis to be tumor suppressive in glioma. Notably, calcitonin inhibited glioma stem-like cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Repositioning of calcitonin, prescribed for osteoporosis, could be considered for therapy of GBM with wild-type CALCR.
Effect of Dialysate Temperature and Flow Rate on Peritoneal Clearance
Authors: Melvin Gross
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Intermittent peritoneal dialysis was performed to observe the effect of dialysate temperature and flow rate on peritoneal clearance. At the same hourly flow rates, the dialysate heated to 37 C had a 35% greater clearance than the dialysate at 20 C. The most efficient method of dialysis with commercially available equipment is a repeated 2-liter exchange of dialysate at 37 C with no pause between inflow and outflow. This method in an average dialysate volume of 3.3 liters/hr and an average urea nitrogen clearance of 20.8 ml/min.
Atlas and Text-Book of Human Anatomy.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Complete Angiography vs Right Atriography
Authors: J. Robert Kirkwood
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Two cases demonstrate that a falsely positive result indicating pericardial effusion can occur with right atriography. In one case a benign thymoma of the mediastinum was responsible for the thickened right atrial border. In the other an intracavitary right atrial thrombus repeatedly imitated a pericardial effusion. These experiences emphasize that unilateral processes involving the heart cannot be differentiated from pericardial effusions by right atriography. We recommend complete bilateral angiocardiography to allow comparison of both heart borders.
Lung retransplantation
Authors: M Estenne, C Knoop
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

During the past decade, lung transplantation has become an established treatment for patients suffering from end-stage vascular and parenchyma!lung disease fl-4], and the outcome for lung transplant recipients has improved considerably.However, early and late dysfunction of Lhe lung allograft remain common and are respoos1ble for a significant morbidity
Personal Hygiene "Applied
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PSRO: A Primer
Authors: Martin G. Dale
Journal: JAMA (1974)

PROFESSIONAL Standards Review Organization (PSRO) was primarily the result of Sen Wallace Bennett's (R-Utah) determining that utilization review programs sponsored by some foundations for medical care were successful in minimizing average length of hospital stay without compromising the quality of medical care and that the already high cost of the Medicare, Medicaid, and Maternal and Child Health Programs would continue to escalate at an increasing rate in the future unless an effective control mechanism was established. <h3>Foundations for Medical Care</h3> In 1954, Kaiser-Permanente, one of the nation's largest health maintenance organizations, was asked by a large union to expand its operation into Stockton, Calif. As officials of Kaiser began investigating the possibility of such an action, members of the San Joaquin County (Stockton, Calif) Medical Society organized the Foundation for Medical Care of San Joaquin County, the first foundation for medical care in the country. Under
Cytomegalovirus-Associated Gastritis in a Compromised Host
Authors: Marco Ayulo
Journal: JAMA (1980)

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV) is a DNA virus of the herpes group. This virus may be acquired congenitally or by blood transfusion, most likely from infusion of leukocytes containing the virus,<sup>1</sup>venereal transmission,<sup>2</sup>or by direct transmission.<sup>1</sup>Among healthy persons, infection is usually unapparent but may simulate infectious mononucleosis.<sup>3</sup>Patients with immunologic abnormalities, either by virtue of their primary disease<sup>4</sup>or their treatment,<sup>5</sup>are highly susceptible to overt CMV infection. Hepatitis, pneumonitis, or other severe systemic involvement may be present. We report a case of rheumatoid arthritis in which the patient was receiving steroid and immunosuppressive therapy. Gastritis developed, and CMV was found to be the probable cause. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 56-year-old woman complained of epigastric pain unrelieved by food or antacids for two months. She was known to have had rheumatoid arthritis since the age of 39 years and had been treated with salicylates,
The Action of Muscles, Including Muscle Rest and Muscle Reeducation.
Journal: JAMA (1918)

IS19X1 in a case of weakness of the deltoid he will associate with that muscle the opposing adductor, namely, the pectoralis 1016 Ml vi of a muscle is, on the other hand, common.There is only one true test of muscle function, the volitional test scientifically applied.Any other test, whether from the clinical or experimental point of view, is unworthy of consideration.The volitional test takes into consideration xiv
Alterations in Cell Surface Phenotype of T- and B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells Following In Vitro Differentiation by Phorbol Ester&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) was used for the induction of in vitro differentiation in primary cultures of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells to study its effects on B-cell antigens [surface IgG, HLA-DR, and the mouse erythrocyte receptor (MR)] and on T-cell antigens [T65 and Lyt-3 (sheep erythrocyte receptor)] found on these cells. Three distinct phenotypes were studied: 1) the common phenotype (slg+, HLA-DR+, MR+, T65+, Lyt-3−); 2) the T-cell phenotype (slg−, HLA-DR−, MR−, T65+, Lyt-3+); and 3) a unique phenotype (slg−, HLA-DR+, MR+, T65+, Lyt-3−). In both the common and unique phenotypes, TPA increased the expression of T65 and HLA-DR, decreased the formation of MR, and induced cytoplasmic immunoglobulin, but it did not induce Lyt-3. In the unique phenotype, TPA also induced surface immunoglobulin. These data suggest that both the common and unique phenotypes are derived from the same lineage, probably B-cell. In the T-cell phenotype, TPA increased the expression of T65 and Lyt-3, but it did not induce any B-cell antigens. These data suggest that the T-cell phenotype is derived from a T-cell lineage distinct from the two B-cell phenotypes.
Methylprednisolone Acetate In Vasectomy
Authors: Robert S. Gould
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Those of your readers who perform vasectomies may be interested in the following observations. Over the past four months I have added methylprednisolone acetate (Depo-Medrol) to the 1% lidocaine hydrochloride (Xylocaine) solution which I routinely inject locally in vasectomies. The results have been quite striking and, in the interest of better patient care, I am passing the word along for others in the field. I have completed a tabulation of 155 patients who underwent routine outpatient vasectomy. These patients were all asked to indicate whether or not they had discomfort or swelling following their vasectomy. They were also asked to grade this discomfort and swelling on the basis of whether it was slight, moderate, or severe. I then asked a group of patients who had Depo-Medrol in addition to the usual procedure. I have tabulated the responses of the first 100 of this latter group. The patients
Hepatic Carcinogenesis in CBA/Cb/Se Mice and Cb/Se Rats by Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide and Hydrazine Sulfate&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Lucio Severi, Cesare Biancifiori
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) is widely used in the treatment and prophylaxis of tuberculosis. Hydrazine is its principal metabolite. INH administered in aqueous solution by stomach tube to CBA/Cb/Se mice caused liver tumors in 17% of the males and in 12% of the females and increased lung tumors to 61 and 76%. Oral administration of hydrazine sulfate in aqueous solution increased the liver tumors to 62 and 71% in male and female CBA/Cb/Se mice, respectively, and the number of lung tumors to 76 and 90%. Administration of INH in drinking water induced liver tumors in 2% and lung tumors in 4% of male Cb/Se rats, and breast tumors in 27% of female Cb/Se rats. Hydrazine sulfate administered by stomach tube induced liver tumors in 30% of male Cb/Se rats, and lung tumors in 21 and 27% of male and female Cb/Se rats, respectively. Histologically, the liver tumors in mice were hepatocarcinomas, the lung tumors adenomas and adenocarcinomas; in rats the liver tumors were hepatocarcinomas and spindle cell sarcomas, the lung tumors adenocarcinomas, and the breast tumors fibroadenomas.
Platelet-activating factor and arachidonic acid metabolites in psoriatic inflammation
Authors: S. IZAKI, T. YAMAMOTO, Y. GOTO, S. ISHIMARU, F. YUDATE, K. KITAMURA, M. MATSUZAKI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Platelet‐activating factor (PAF). as wel as PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF‐AH) activity in the peripheral blood plasma of patients with psoriasis and palmoplantar pustolosis, was measured with a radio‐immunoassay technique, and compared with leukotriene (LT) B4. LTC4. LTD4, and E4, (LTD4/E4). thromboxane (TX) B2 and prostaglandin (PG) E2 levels. In a normal healthy group (n= 1 2) PAF level was 25.9 ± 6.5 pg/0.1 ml plasma (mean ± standard error of the mean: SEM). and this was elevated in patients with psoriasis (68.1 ± 11.8, n= 25. P<0.01), without a change in the PAF‐AH level. LTB4 showed a similar increase (115.0 ± 21.6 pg/ml vs. 68.2 ± 11.8 pg/ml. P < 0.05), while TXB2, and PGE2 showed insignificant (P > 0.05) changes. LTC4 and LTE4/E4 were around the level of the limit of detection. Patients with palmoplantar pustulosis (n= 33) demonstrated similar, but milder and statistically insignificant, increases in PAF. LTB4. TXB2 and PGF2 levels. Modulation of the mediator levels before and after treatment was compared in 16 patients with psoriasis and 11 with palmoplantar pustulosis. PAF in psoriasis significantly decreased after treatment (70.9 ± 17.1 to 25.1 ± 5.5, P < 0.05) and this was moderately correlated (r= 0.298) with clinical improvement as indicated by the psoriasis area and severity index (38.5 ± 7.5 to 10.9 ± 4.2. P < 0.01). TXB2. (180.2 + 100.4 to 34.1 ± 13.5). PGF2 (3.7 ± 0.7 to 2.9 ± 0.5) and LTB4 (120.1 + 31.1 to 84.2 + 8.2). in psoriasis, mildly decreased without statistical significance. Patients with palmoplantar pustulosis demonstrated a similar decrease in all mediators without statistical significance. The results obtained suggest a role of PAF in psoriasis. As the priming effects of PAF have been shown, for leucocytes and endothelial cells, to enhance their inflammatory response, we assume that PAF has roles in the acute phase of osoriatic and leucotactic inflammation.
The Syndrome of Unexplained Generalized Lymphadenopathy in Young Men in New York City
Authors: Bess Miller
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To establish whether the syndrome of unexplained generalized lymphadenopathy in homosexual men was new and related epidemiologically to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), we reviewed 3,139 pathology reports of lymph node biopsies performed at seven hospitals in New York City during the years 1977 through 1981. Three hundred twenty-nine patients (10%) were categorized as having unexplained lymph node hyperplasia; a detailed medical record review of 30% of these patients revealed three, two, six, eight, and 16 cases of unexplained generalized lymphadenopathy in the five years studied, respectively. Of these 35 cases, 26 (74%) occurred in males aged 16 to 44. A record review of 68 additional male patients aged 16 to 44 years with unexplained lymph node hyperplasia in two of the hospitals showed a similar increase in cases of unexplained generalized lymphadenopathy during the five-year period. Twenty-one of 25 cases in males with known sexual orientation were homosexual or bisexual. The increase in the syndrome of unexplained generalized lymphadenopathy from 1978 to 1981 and the characteristics of the population affected are similar to those observed for AIDS. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:242-246)
Cross Reactivity Between Ampicillin and Penicillin G
Authors: Roger H. Stewart
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Breese, in a recent issue (<b>211</b>:837, 1970) stated: "The occurrence of an ampicillin rash does not mean that the patient is sensitive to other types of penicillin." This statement raises the more general question of cross-reactivity between penicillin G and ampicillin. So far as we know, no study of clinical or chemical cross-reactivity between these two drugs has been done. Fellner, in a personal communication, states he would predict that a patient with an anaphylactic reaction to one of these drugs would most likely show a similar reactivity to the other. We concur with this view and suggest that, until further studies are available, it is contraindicated to use ampicillin in a patient who has had a previous anaphylactic reaction to penicillin G. The reverse would similarly be true. Also, there are no published data regarding the occurrence of crossreactivity between ampicillin and penicillin G of
Comparison of an Immunoresistant and an Immunosusceptible Ascites Subline From Murine Tumor TA3. II. Immunosensitivity and Antibody-Binding Capacity &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt;, and Immunogenicity in Allogeneic Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Two ascites lines, TA3-St and TA3-Ha, have developed from the spontaneous murine mammary adenocarcinoma TA3 of strain A origin (H-2a). TA3-St is strain specific in growth, whereas the TA3-Ha line has become nonspecific. The 2 lines have been compared in vitro for susceptibility to immunological cytotoxicity and for antibody-binding capacity, and in vivo for immunogenicity in allogeneic mice. In contrast to TA3-St cells, which were susceptible to humoral antibodies and immune lymphoid cells from allogeneic mice, TA3-Ha cells were highly resistant to both types of immune reactions. As measured by quantitative adsorption of alloantibodies, the TA3-St cells carried on the cell surface several times as many detectable histocompatibility antigen determinants of the H-2a complex as the TA3-Ha cells. The capacity of TA3-St cells to bind specific antibodies was 20–30 times that of TA3-Ha cells, depending on the type of antiserum used. The low antigen expression of the TA3-Ha cells might in part explain the immunoresistance of this line to humoral as well as cell-mediated immune responses. When irradiated tumor cells were tested for immunogenicity in allogeneic mice, TA3-St cells were a somewhat better immunogen than TA3-Ha cells in their capacity to provoke a humoral as well as a cell-mediated immune response.
Bristol Cup Posters
Authors: C Kwok, A Ong, P Babakinejad, N Arunjuna, E Derrick, E Storan, L Aalto, A Hussey, L Egan, L Gaffney, T Markham, S Anthony, K Muttardi, V Swale, N Krassilnik, A Rubin, K Batta, F Tatnall
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Warfarin-induced skin necrosis and calciphylaxis can have similar clinical features.Warfarin-induced skin necrosis appears usually within days, or less commonly within several months of commencing warfarin (Nazarian RM, Van Cott EM, Zembowicz A, Duncan LM.Warfarin-induced skin necrosis.J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 61: 325-32).Several risk factors are associated with calciphylaxis, including end-stage renal failure, hyperphosphataemia, hypercalcaemia, low serum albumin levels and diabetes mellitus.We report this case to highlight the challenges in distinguishing between these two conditions (Saifan C, Saad M, El-Charabaty E, El-Sayegh S. Warfarininduced calciphylaxis: a case report and review of literature.Int J Gen Med 2013; 6: 665-9).A 69-year-old man with a background of chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation, commenced on warfarin 3 months earlier, was undergoing investigations for sepsis of unknown origin.His renal function gradually deteriorated and renal biopsy showed 40% scarring and tubular atrophy.Following treatment with cefalexin for a coliform urinary tract infection, he developed a high international normalized ratio.He sustained a fall, and physical examination revealed purpuric lesions extending into the medial and lateral aspects of his thighs and lower legs bilaterally.These lesions progressed within days to necrotic ulcerations.Investigations for vasculitis and disseminated intravascular coagulation were negative.Further deterioration in renal function necessitated haemodialysis.A skin biopsy revealed ulceration, fibrin thrombi, red blood cell extravasation and one calcified vessel.These findings could be consistent with either warfarin-induced skin necrosis or calciphylaxis.Due to the uncertainty, warfarin was discontinued and he received fresh frozen plasma.The lesions persisted with no further progression.He received supportive treatment including wound management.This case highlights that distinguishing warfarin-induced skin necrosis from calciphylaxis can be challenging.In addition there are reported cases of warfarin-induced calciphylaxis (Saifan et al.).
The Role of the Pneumatic Antishock Garment in Penetrating Cardiac Wounds
Authors: Benjamin Honigman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the impact of the pneumatic antishock garment on survival in patients with cardiac wounds. <h3>Design.</h3> —A retrospective review of a 6.5-year experience in a population of patients with gunshot or stab wounds to the heart (N = 70). <h3>Setting.</h3> —The city and county of Denver, Colo, where all patients were transported by paramedic ambulances to Denver General Hospital, an urban, level 1 trauma center. <h3>Patients.</h3> —All patients were analyzed, including those transported to the emergency department with no vital signs at the trauma scene. Only patients with definite penetrating cardiac injuries were included. <h3>Methods.</h3> —Paramedic trip sheets and emergency department, operating room, in-hospital, and autopsy records were reviewed. Demographic, clinical outcome, and treatment data were collected. A multiple logistic regression model was developed to determine which characteristics and treatment variables were independently predictive of patient outcome. The ability of each independent variable to predict outcome was determined by calculating adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). <h3>Results.</h3> —Seventy patients (31 gunshot and 39 stab wounds) had a revised trauma score of 2.8 ± 4.0 (mean ± SD; range, 0-12; median, 0). Thirty-two (46%) had cardiac tamponade. Overall, 21 (30%) of the patients survived. In the logistic model, the presence of cardiac tamponade (OR, 9.1; 95% CI, 1.5 to 56.1) and a higher revised trauma score were associated with higher survival. Inflation of the pneumatic antishock garment was associated with sevenfold lower survival (adjusted OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.86); the effect was negative across all trauma score groups. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Survival in patients with penetrating cardiac wounds is highly associated with anatomic and physiologic factors, while application of the pneumatic antishock garment appears to be detrimental. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:2398-2401)