tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
European Respiratory Society guideline on various aspects of quality in lung cancer care
Authors: Torsten Gerriet Blum, Rebecca L. Morgan, Valérie Durieux, Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko, David R. Baldwin, Jeanette Boyd, Corinne Faivre-Finn, Françoise Galateau-Salle, Fernando Gamarra, Bogdan Grigoriu, Georgia Hardavella, Michael Hauptmann, Erik Jakobsen, Dragana Jovanovic, Paul Knaut, Gilbert Massard, John McPhelim, Anne-Pascale Meert, Robert Milroy, Riccardo Muhr, Luciano Mutti, Marianne Paesmans, Pippa Powell, Paul Martin Putora, Janette Rawlinson, Anna L. Rich, David Rigau, Dirk de Ruysscher, Jean-Paul Sculier, Arnaud Schepereel, Dragan Subotic, Paul Van Schil, Thomy Tonia, Clare Williams, Thierry Berghmans
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

This European Respiratory Society guideline is dedicated to the provision of good quality recommendations in lung cancer care. All the clinical recommendations contained were based on a comprehensive systematic review and evidence syntheses based on eight PICO (Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes) questions. The evidence was appraised in compliance with the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach. Evidence profiles and the GRADE Evidence to Decision frameworks were used to summarise results and to make the decision-making process transparent. A multidisciplinary Task Force panel of lung cancer experts formulated and consented the clinical recommendations following thorough discussions of the systematic review results. In particular, we have made recommendations relating to the following quality improvement measures deemed applicable to routine lung cancer care: 1) avoidance of delay in the diagnostic and therapeutic period, 2) integration of multidisciplinary teams and multidisciplinary consultations, 3) implementation of and adherence to lung cancer guidelines, 4) benefit of higher institutional/individual volume and advanced specialisation in lung cancer surgery and other procedures, 5) need for pathological confirmation of lesions in patients with pulmonary lesions and suspected lung cancer, and histological subtyping and molecular characterisation for actionable targets or response to treatment of confirmed lung cancers, 6) added value of early integration of palliative care teams or specialists, 7) advantage of integrating specific quality improvement measures, and 8) benefit of using patient decision tools. These recommendations should be reconsidered and updated, as appropriate, as new evidence becomes available.
A 6-Year-Old Boy With Cough, Mucositis, and Vesiculobullous Skin Lesions
Authors: Jing Tian, Teng Zhu, Yuanyuan Xiao
Journal: JAMA (2022)

A 6-year-old boy taking no regular medications had persistent fever and cough for 15 days. Physical examination revealed eyelid swelling; vesiculobullous lesions on the palms and soles; vesicles and erosions on the face, trunk, and limbs; erosions on the lips and oral mucosa; and blisters on the anal mucosa. Laboratory testing revealed leukocytosis, and lung auscultation revealed bilateral crackles. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?
Changing the perspective on low birth rates: why simplistic solutions won’t work
Authors: Stuart Gietel-Basten, Anna Rotkirch, Tomáš Sobotka
Journal: BMJ (2022)

<b>Stuart Gietel-Basten</b>, <b>Anna Rotkirch</b>, and <b>Tomáš Sobotka</b> argue that policies responding to population decline and ageing should enable reproductive choice and maximise the potential of all citizens
GPR183 antagonism reduces macrophage infiltration in influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Cheng Xiang Foo, Stacey Bartlett, Keng Yih Chew, Minh Dao Ngo, Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Buddhika Jayakody Arachchige, Benjamin Matthews, Sarah Reed, Ran Wang, Christian Smith, Matthew J. Sweet, Lucy Burr, Kavita Bisht, Svetlana Shatunova, Jane E. Sinclair, Rhys Parry, Yuanhao Yang, Jean-Pierre Lévesque, Alexander Khromykh, Mette Marie Rosenkilde, Kirsty R. Short, Katharina Ronacher
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

Severe viral respiratory infections are often characterised by extensive myeloid cell infiltration and activation and persistent lung tissue injury. However, the immunological mechanisms driving excessive inflammation in the lung remain poorly understood.To identify the mechanisms that drive immune cell recruitment in the lung during viral respiratory infections and identify novel drug targets to reduce inflammation and disease severity.Preclinical murine models of influenza A virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.Oxidised cholesterols and the oxysterol-sensing receptor GPR183 were identified as drivers of monocyte/macrophage infiltration to the lung during influenza A virus (IAV) and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Both IAV and SARS-CoV-2 infection upregulated the enzymes cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) and cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily member B1 (CYP7B1) in the lung, resulting in local production of the oxidised cholesterols 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC) and 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC). Loss-of-function mutation of Gpr183 or treatment with a GPR183 antagonist reduced macrophage infiltration and inflammatory cytokine production in the lungs of IAV- or SARS-CoV-2-infected mice. The GPR183 antagonist significantly attenuated the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral loads. Analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data on bronchoalveolar lavage samples from healthy controls and COVID-19 patients with moderate and severe disease revealed that CH25H, CYP7B1 and GPR183 are significantly upregulated in macrophages during COVID-19.This study demonstrates that oxysterols drive inflammation in the lung via GPR183 and provides the first preclinical evidence for the therapeutic benefit of targeting GPR183 during severe viral respiratory infections.
Biomimetic Peridontium Patches for Functional Periodontal Regeneration
Authors: Yue Ma, Xueting Yang, Yan Chen, Jiumeng Zhang, Kuo Gai, Jinlong Chen, Fangjun Huo, Qiang Guo, Weihua Guo, Maling Gou, Bo Yang, Weidong Tian
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

The unique structure of the periodontium, including the alveolar bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament (PDL), presents difficulties for the regeneration of its intricate organization. Irreversible structural breakdown of the periodontium increases the risk of tooth loosening and loss. Although the current therapies can restore the periodontal hard tissues to a certain extent, the PDL with its high directionality of multiple groups with different orientations and functions cannot be reconstructed. Here, biomimetic peridontium patches (BPPs) for functional periodontal regeneration using a microscale continuous digital light projection bioprinting method is reported. Orthotopic transplantation in the mandibles shows effective periodontal reconstruction. The resulting bioengineered tissues closely resembles natural periodontium in terms of the "sandwich structures," especially the correctly oriented fibers, showing different and specific orientation in different regions of the tooth root, which has never been found in previous studies. Furthermore, after the assessment of clinically functional properties it is found that the regenerative periodontium can achieve stable tooth movement under orthodontic migration force with no adverse consequences. Overall, the BPPs promote reconstruction of the functional periodontium and the complex microstructure of the periodontal tissue, providing a proof of principle for the clinical functional treatment of periodontal defects.
Modeling Crevicular Fluid Flow and Host‐Oral Microbiome Interactions in a Gingival Crevice‐on‐Chip
Authors: Hardik Makkar, Ying Zhou, Kai Soo Tan, Chwee Teck Lim, Gopu Sriram
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Abstract Gingival crevice and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) flow play a crucial role at the gingiva‐oral microbiome interface which contributes toward maintaining the balance between gingival health and periodontal disease. Interstitial flow of GCF strongly impacts the host‐microbiome interactions and tissue responses. However, currently available in vitro preclinical models largely disregard the dynamic nature of gingival crevicular microenvironment, thus limiting the progress in the development of periodontal therapeutics. Here, a proof‐of‐principle “gingival crevice‐on‐chip” microfluidic platform to culture gingival connective tissue equivalent (CTE) under dynamic interstitial fluid flow mimicking the GCF is described. On‐chip co‐culture using oral symbiont ( Streptococcus oralis ) shows the potential to recapitulate microbial colonization, formation of biofilm‐like structures at the tissue‐microbiome interface, long‐term co‐culture, and bacterial clearance secondary to simulated GCF (s‐GCF) flow. Further, on‐chip exposure of the gingival CTEs to the toll‐like receptor‐2 (TLR‐2) agonist or periodontal pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum demonstrates the potential to mimic early gingival inflammation. In contrast to direct exposure, the induction of s‐GCF flow toward the bacterial front attenuates the secretion of inflammatory mediators demonstrating the protective effect of GCF flow. This proposed in vitro platform offers the potential to study complex host‐microbe interactions in periodontal disease and the development of periodontal therapeutics under near‐microphysiological conditions.
Detecting Liver Cancer Using Cell-Free DNA Fragmentomes
Authors: Zachariah H. Foda, Akshaya V. Annapragada, Kavya Boyapati, Daniel C. Bruhm, Nicholas A. Vulpescu, Jamie E. Medina, Dimitrios Mathios, Stephen Cristiano, Noushin Niknafs, Harry T. Luu, Michael G. Goggins, Robert A. Anders, Jing Sun, Shruti H. Meta, David L. Thomas, Gregory D. Kirk, Vilmos Adleff, Jillian Phallen, Robert B. Scharpf, Amy K. Kim, Victor E. Velculescu
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2022)

Abstract Liver cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Screening individuals at high risk, including those with cirrhosis and viral hepatitis, provides an avenue for improved survival, but current screening methods are inadequate. In this study, we used whole-genome cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentome analyses to evaluate 724 individuals from the United States, the European Union, or Hong Kong with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or who were at average or high-risk for HCC. Using a machine learning model that incorporated multifeature fragmentome data, the sensitivity for detecting cancer was 88% in an average-risk population at 98% specificity and 85% among high-risk individuals at 80% specificity. We validated these results in an independent population. cfDNA fragmentation changes reflected genomic and chromatin changes in liver cancer, including from transcription factor binding sites. These findings provide a biological basis for changes in cfDNA fragmentation in patients with liver cancer and provide an accessible approach for noninvasive cancer detection. Significance: There is a great need for accessible and sensitive screening approaches for HCC worldwide. We have developed an approach for examining genome-wide cfDNA fragmentation features to provide a high-performing and cost-effective approach for liver cancer detection. See related commentary Rolfo and Russo, p. 532. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 517
Comparative effectiveness of ice packs versus topical lidocaine-prilocaine mixture for pain control in laser hair removal of the axilla: A rater-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wanjarus Roongpisuthipong, Rachel E Christensen, McKenzie A Dirr, Noor Anvery, Amelia Geisler, Matthew Schaeffer, Abigail Waldman, Joaquin C Brieva, Murad Alam
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2022)
Higher Body Mass Index Is Associated With Decreased Treatment Response to Topical Steroids in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Corey J. Ketchem, Adolfo A. Ocampo, Zeyun Xue, Nicole C. Chang, Kisan P. Thakkar, Sumana Reddy, Sydney B. Greenberg, Christopher J. Lee, Walker D. Redd, Swathi Eluri, Craig C. Reed, Evan S. Dellon
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2022)
Rendezvous in WONderland: combined percutaneous and transluminal approach for an undrained area of massive walled-off necrosis
Authors: Tatsuya Sato, Tomotaka Saito, Tsuyoshi Hamada, Yousuke Nakai, Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

The advent of lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMSs) has expanded opportunities for the endoscopic management of symptomatic walled-off necrosis (WON) through increasing drainage efficiency and facilitation of subsequent endoscopic necrosectomy [1] [2]. Peripheral areas of massive WON may however not be endoscopically accessible, potentially hampering treatment success [3].
A novel triangle traction method using a clip-band traction device for endoscopic submucosal dissection of early gastric cancer involving the pyloric ring
Authors: Takahiro Muramatsu, Tomoaki Tashima, Tsubasa Ishikawa, Rie Terada, Tomonori Kawasaki, Takao Itoi, Shomei Ryozawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastric cancer located in the pyloric ring is technically challenging due to the narrow working space and the difficulty in approaching the duodenal side. It is often arduous to observe the lesion entirely, resulting in decreased complete resection rates [1] [2]. Therefore, several ESD methods have been reported for the approach to gastric cancer near the pyloric ring [3] [4] [5].
Underwater endoscopic submucosal dissection of a relapsing neoplastic colorectal lesion after surgery and radiotherapy: water to the rescue!
Authors: André Mascarenhas, Nuno Figueiredo, Daniela Macedo, David Serra, Cristina Chagas, Pedro Barreiro
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

A 69-year-old woman with a history of rectosigmoid adenocarcinoma presented with tumoral relapse at the colorectal anastomosis 2 years after surgery. Chemoradiotherapy treatment and a watch-and-wait strategy were proposed. At 8 weeks after treatment there was a complete response, but 1 year later, a rectosigmoidoscopy identified a 15-mm relapsing nonprotruding lesion, flat, with a slight depression (Paris 0-IIb + c) ([Fig. 1], [Fig. 2]). Although friable, there were no unequivocal signs of deep invasion ([Fig. 3]). The patient underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), performed with FlushKnifeBT 1.5 mm (Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan) ([Video 1]).
Endoscopic management of a special case of “stone-basket impaction” during ERCP
Authors: Wei Liu, Yinong Zhu, Bing Hu
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

A 57-year-old woman suspected of common bile duct stones (CBDSs), who underwent cholecystectomy, choledocholithotomy, and biliary-enteric Roux-en-Y anastomosis for "gallbladder and common bile duct stones" 20 years ago, was referred to our hospital for CBDS extraction ([Video 1]). Preoperative magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) revealed dilation of the common bile duct and a filling defect in the lower common bile duct ([Fig. 1]). During endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), pus was seen flowing out of the opening of the papilla, and cholangiograms revealed a filling defect in the lower common bile duct and the site of anastomosis, respectively ([Fig. 2]). Anastomotic stenosis was also found, and an extraction basket (FG-22Q-1; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) was then used for stone removal after endoscopic balloon dilatation of the duodenal papilla ([Fig. 2]). After the CBDS was removed, we continued to attempt to remove the stone at the site of anastomosis. However, the basket was found to be impacted and could not be disengaged ([Fig. 3]). To avoid the potential complications associated with an emergency lithotriptor, a single-balloon enteroscopy was then attempted to further resolve the impaction ([Fig. 4]). However, when the enteroscope reached the biliary-enteric anastomosis, it turned out the filling defect was not a CBDS but a 20-mm mucosal bulge with surface congestion located at the anastomosis ([Fig. 4]). Finally, the basket impaction was retrieved by a foreign body forceps, and the biopsy revealed the mucosal bulge was chronic inflammation.
Single-balloon-assisted endoscopy with peroral pancreatoscopy and electrohydraulic lithotripsy
Authors: Shin Yagi, Yusuke Kurita, Takamitsu Sato, Sho Hasegawa, Kunihiro Hosono, Kensuke Kubota, Atsushi Nakajima
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

The use of peroral pancreatoscopy (POPS) and electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) to treat endoscopic pancreatic stones has recently been reported as an effective treatment [1]. Here, we report a case of successful removal of pancreatic stones with POPS (SpyScopeDII; Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA) and EHL using single-balloon-assisted endoscopy (BAE) in a patient with surgically altered anatomy.
Novel blunt dissection forceps for tunnel creation during peroral endoscopic myotomy
Authors: Yuan Gao, Liansong Ye, Jiang Du, Jia Xie, Qiongying Zhang, Bing Hu
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been regarded as the main treatment for achalasia [1]. The creation of a submucosal tunnel during POEM is one of the key steps. Previous studies have suggested that using blunt dissection to create the tunnel can facilitate the procedure and reduce complications such as bleeding and perforation [2] [3]. We report here the use of a novel blunt dissection forceps ([Fig. 1]) that we have invented for tunnel creation during POEM. The device integrates the functions of blunt dissection, electroresection, and electrocoagulation, making the procedure more convenient.
Polyglycolic acid sheet with clipping for closing delayed perforation after colonic endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Hiroyuki Takamaru, Yutaka Saito, Naoya Toyoshima, Masayoshi Yamada, Taku Sakamoto, Takahisa Matsuda
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

A man aged in his 70s presented with a 20-mm, 0-IIa, laterally spreading tumor in the distal transverse colon. Indigo carmine spray revealed fold convergence ([Fig. 1]). The lesion underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and the defect was closed using endoclips. After 2 days, abdominal pain developed. A nonenhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed free air and increased density of fat tissue around the endoclips inserted during ESD ([Fig. 2]). A delayed perforation was diagnosed. No manifestations, except mild abdominal pain, were observed. After consulting with the surgeon, we concluded that emergency surgery was not indicated at that time because of the small amount of free air, pain with tolerance, stable vital signs, and good results on physical examination.
Simultaneous incision and suturing of a large wound in the full-layer resection of stromal tumor under the traction of a snare -- a new method of endoscopic suturing
Authors: Zhaoxia Lu, Linlin Chen, Yuanyuan Zhou, Yani Yin, Xiaojuan Jing, Miao Ouyang
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

A 67-year-old woman with abdominal distension underwent endoscopy and computed tomography examination, in which a stromal tumor, approximately 1.7 × 1.7 cm in size, was identified in the fundus of the stomach. Most of the tumor was in the serosal layer ([Fig. 1]), and therefore traditional endoscopic full-thickness resection could not remove the tumor [1] [2].
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochojejunostomy using a forward-viewing echoendoscopic saddle-cross technique
Authors: Yuki Kawasaki, Susumu Hijioka, Kotaro Takeshita, Kiichi Tamada, Takuji Okusaka, Yutaka Saito
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

We reported good results for endoscopic treatment of benign hepaticojejunostomy anastomotic stricture (HJAS) using two fully covered self-expandable metallic stents (FCSEMSs) with the saddle-cross technique [1]. A completely occluded HJAS requires drainage by percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) or endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) [2]; PTBD and EUS-HGS cannot be stent-free, which may decrease patients' activities of daily living. We present a modified saddle-cross technique for a completely occluded HJAS using a forward-viewing echoendoscope and two FCSEMSs.
A three-color marking method to prevent stent migration in endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage for peripancreatic fluid collections
Authors: Yuichi Takano, Masataka Yamawaki, Jun Noda, Tetsushi Azami, Fumitaka Niiya, Naotaka Maruoka, Masatsugu Nagahama
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage using a plastic stent for peripancreatic fluid collections has been widely performed. It is an established procedure with a high success rate [1]. However, it is often difficult to see how far the stent has been inserted during EUS-guided drainage. A rare but serious complication of stent migration has been reported [2]. We developed a novel three-color-marking method to prevent stent migration.
Snare traction and endoscopic suturing can improve endoscopic management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors at the gastric greater curvature
Authors: Chu-Kuang Chou, Chien-Chuan Chen, Sheng-Shih Chen, Ching-Tai Lee, Kun-Feng Tsai
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Endoscopic management of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) is challenging because of possible unmanageable perforation. Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER) can maintain the mucosal flap to facilitate wound closure [1]. To maintain the serosa, endoscopic subserosa dissection can prevent air leakage [2]. Both require precise endoscopic dissection to preserve mucosa or serosa and are only feasible in favorable endoscopic anatomy. If the large perforation can be managed confidently, we can do whole-layer resection directly [3].
Gastric endoscopic muscularis dissection using a partial intramuscular injection technique
Authors: Tatsuma Nomura, Shinya Sugimoto, Jun Oyamada, Hiroto Suzuki, Keiichi Ito, Akiyoshi Nemoto
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Diagnostic techniques for a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) by endoscopic biopsy have recently improved, and endoscopic muscularis dissection (EMD) for smaller GISTs is widely performed [1] [2]. However, it is difficult to resect only the superficial layer of the muscularis propria without damaging the capsule of a GIST [3]. We introduce a technique to perform EMD by partially injecting a highly viscous solution into the superficial layer of the muscularis propria using an injection knife.
Combining endoscopic mucosal resection with hybrid argon plasma coagulation to reduce local colorectal lesion recurrence: a video tutorial
Authors: Melissa Zarandi-Nowroozi, Daniel von Renteln
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a safe, effective, and surgery-sparing technique for removing large colorectal lesions [1]. Although piecemeal EMR is recommended for polyps > 20 mm in size, it remains a suboptimal technique for complete lesion resection, with high rates of residual polyp and recurrence rates reaching 15 % [2]. Hybrid argon plasma coagulation (hAPC) is a novel approach allowing ablation of resection margins and surface after EMR. hAPC combines waterjet injection and argon plasma coagulation (APC) in a single device. On-demand, repeatable saline cushioning without instrument exchange reduces thermal ablative insult to deep tissue structures, allowing for effective destruction of micro-remnants with reduced risk of perforation. High technical success and low recurrence rates (0 %) were shown in a pilot study using EMR in combination with hAPC [3]. A prospective international multicenter study showed that the local recurrence rate was only 2.2 % when using hAPC after EMR [4]. One recent meta-analysis found the local recurrence rate to be 3.3 % after hot EMR and margin ablation at 12-month follow-up [5].
Association between hearing loss and development of dementia using formal behavioural audiometric testing within the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA): a prospective population-based study
Authors: John P Marinelli, Christine M Lohse, Wanda L Fussell, Ronald C Petersen, Nicholas S Reed, Mary M Machulda, Maria Vassilaki, Matthew L Carlson
Journal: The Lancet Healthy Longevity (2022)