tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Optimizing biomarkers for accurate ependymoma diagnosis, prognostication, and stratification within International Clinical Trials: A BIOMECA study
Authors: Rebecca J Chapman, David R Ghasemi, Felipe Andreiuolo, Valentina Zschernack, Arnault Tauziede Espariat, Francesca R Buttarelli, Felice Giangaspero, Jacques Grill, Christine Haberler, Simon M L Paine, Ian Scott, Thomas S Jacques, Martin Sill, Stefan Pfister, John-Paul Kilday, Pierre Leblond, Maura Massimino, Hendrik Witt, Piergiorgio Modena, Pascale Varlet, Torsten Pietsch, Richard G Grundy, Kristian W Pajtler, Timothy A Ritzmann
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2023)

Accurate identification of brain tumor molecular subgroups is increasingly important. We aimed to establish the most accurate and reproducible ependymoma subgroup biomarker detection techniques, across 147 cases from International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) Ependymoma II trial participants, enrolled in the pan-European "Biomarkers of Ependymoma in Children and Adolescents (BIOMECA)" study.
Rhabdomyolysis and Myoglobinuria
Authors: David S. Campion
Journal: JAMA (1972)

A 44-year-old woman had severe hyperchloremic acidosis and hypokalemia. She had paralysis, muscle tenderness, and myoglobinuria. There was no history of previous muscle abnormality. In this case, the rhabdomyolysis appeared to be the result of potassium deficiency without concurrent drug therapy.
CD: Waveguide: an EEG atlas on CD-ROM
Authors: D. Chadwick
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Michael W L Chee, Keith H Chiappa Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, £76.38 ISBN 0 7817 1585 7 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> A century after the first recordings were made, the electroencephalogram (EEG) remains the most commonly used investigation of cerebral function. It provides considerable temporal resolution of cerebral activity, but remains poor at spatial discrimination, large parts of the cerebral hemispheres being remote from potential recording electrodes. Its interpretation is less than straightforward, and the EEG can reasonably claim to be one of the most misunderstood and … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
In Utero Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Alan W. Flake
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In utero hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently in its early stage of development, but it holds considerable promise as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of a large number of congenital hematologic diseases. Experimental evidence supports the concept of the early gestational fetus as a favorable recipient for cellular therapy. Unique aspects of normal hematologic and immunologic ontogeny allow engraftment and long-term persistence of transplanted hematopoietic stem cells without the requirement for myeloablation or immunosuppression. To date, 21 in utero transplants have been reported. Success has been limited to 4 fetuses, all with immunodeficiency disorders. Despite this limited evidence of clinical efficacy, interest in stem cell transplantation has been gaining momentum, and clinical application is likely to increase. Parallel advances in prenatal diagnosis, fetal intervention, and hematopoietic stem cell technology have removed many of the practical, technical, and ethical obstacles to clinical application. This progress has been accompanied by an increase in the number of centers with both the stated interest and perceived expertise to develop clinical programs. However, there is currently limited consensus among investigators on many important issues, such as the mode or timing of in utero transplantation, the ideal source or dose of donor cells, estimation of maternal and fetal risks, appropriate candidate diseases for treatment, and important ethical considerations in counseling and therapy.
Customized Probability Models for Early Severe Sepsis in Adult Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Jean-Roger Le Gall
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To develop customized versions of the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) and the 24-hour Mortality Probability Model II (MPM II24) to estimate the probability of mortality for intensive care unit patients with early severe sepsis. <h3>Design and Setting.</h3> —Logistic regression models developed for patients with severe sepsis in a database of adult medical and surgical intensive care units in 12 countries. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Of 11 458 patients in the intensive care unit for at least 24 hours, 1130 had severe sepsis based on criteria of the American College of Chest Physicians and the Society of Critical Care Medicine (systemic inflammatory response syndrome in response to infection, plus hypotension, hypoperfusion, or multiple organ dysfunction). <h3>Results.</h3> —In patients with severe sepsis, mortality was higher (48.0% vs 19.6% among other patients) and 28-day survival was lower. The customized SAPS II was well calibrated (<i>P</i>=.92 for the goodness-of-fit test) and discriminated well (area under the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve, 0.78). Performance in the validation sample was equally good (<i>P</i>=.85 for the goodness-of-fit test; area under the ROC curve, 0.79). The customized MPM II<sub>24</sub>was well calibrated (<i>P</i>=.92 for the goodness-of-fit test) and discriminated well (area under the ROC curve, 0.79). Performance in the validation sample was equally good (<i>P</i>=.52 for the goodness-of-fit test; area under the ROC curve, 0.75). The models are independent of each other; either can be used alone to estimate the probability of mortality of patients with severe sepsis. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Customization provides a simple technique to apply existing models to a subgroup of patients. Accurately assessing the probability of hospital mortality is a useful adjunct for clinical trials. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:644-650)
Factor VII Deficiency and Surgery
Authors: Alan J. Yorke
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A patient with congenital factor VII deficiency (factor VII was 12%) had gynecologic surgery performed without prophylactic blood-product replacement therapy. Blood loss was not excessive. A review of 12 additional patients with factor VII deficiency who underwent surgery without replacement therapy showed that surgical bleeding was uncommon and that there was no relationship between factor VII levels and hemorrhage. It is proposed that patients who bleed may be those who also have a prolonged bleeding time or who have ingested aspirin shortly before surgery. It is all proposed that replacement therapy be available for use if required, but that its routine preoperative use is probably unnecessary in this disorder. (<i>JAMA</i>238:424-425, 1977)
Normal and Abnormal Morphology of Microorganisms
Authors: Albert S. Klainer
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The scanning-beam electron microscope (SEM) allows visualization of the surface morphology of populations of intact bacterial cells at high magnification in three-dimensional perspective. This communication reports the use of the SEM in studies which defined the normal morphology of specific microorganisms and the abnormalities induced by cell-wall active antibiotics. As demonstrated by these studies, SEM observations correlate well with previous visual experience with other forms of microscopy. Physicians, therefore, need not be experienced electron microscopists to appreciate phenomena made visible with the SEM. The techniques utilized in the preparation of specimens for examination have been described previously.<sup>1</sup> The normal morphology of a strain of penicillin-resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus is</i>illustrated in Fig 1,<i>A</i>. Figures 1,<i>B</i>through 1,<i>F</i>demonstrate the effect of three hours' exposure to increasing concentrations of cephalothin added to this culture during the logarithmic phase of growth. These phenomena represent a progression of changes which
Outbreak of Viral Gastroenteritis Due to a Contaminated Well
Authors: Michael Beller
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Context.</h3> —Small round-structured viruses (SRSVs) are known to cause viral gastroenteritis, but until now have not been confirmed in the implicated vehicle in outbreaks. <h3>Objective.</h3> —Investigation of a gastroenteritis outbreak. <h3>Design.</h3> —After applying epidemiologic methods to locate the outbreak source, we conducted environmental and laboratory investigations to elucidate the cause. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Tourists traveling by bus through Alaska and the Yukon Territory of Canada. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Staff of a restaurant at a business complex implicated as the outbreak source, convenience sample of persons on buses that had stopped there, and bus employees. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Odds ratios (ORs) for illness associated with exposures. Water samples from the restaurant and stool specimens from tourists and restaurant staff were examined by nucleic acid amplification using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of viral amplification products. <h3>Results.</h3> —The itineraries of groups of tourists manifesting vomiting or diarrhea were traced back to a restaurant where buses had stopped 33 to 36 hours previously. Water consumption was associated with illness (OR, 5.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-12.6). Eighteen of 26 employees of the business complex were ill; although not the index case, an employee ill shortly before the outbreak lived in a building connected to a septic pit, which was found to contaminate the well supplying the restaurant's water. Genotype 2/P2B SRSV was identified in stool specimens of 2 tourists and 1 restaurant employee. Stools and water samples yielded identical amplification product sequences. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The investigation documented SRSVs in a vehicle epidemiologically linked to a gastroenteritis outbreak. The findings demonstrate the power of molecular detection and identification and underscore the importance of fundamental public health practices such as restaurant inspection, assurance of a safe water supply, and disease surveillance.
Hemophilia B Leyden
Authors: Ernest Briët, Rogier M. Bertina, Nico H. van Tilburg, Jan J. Veltkamp
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

HEMOPHILIA B is a hemorrhagic disease inherited in a sex-linked recessive pattern.1 The clinical severity of hemophilia B, which is dependent on factor IX coagulant activity (IX:C), varies between kindreds but not within kindreds and is constant throughout the life of affected persons. Factor IX antigen levels (IX:Ag) in hemophila B, determined by immunologic assays, also vary between and not within kindreds but do not always correlate with IX:C levels. For example, some patients with IX:C levels below 1 per cent of normal (i.e., those with severe hemophilia B) have normal IX:Ag levels, which indicates that the factor IX molecules . . .
Penicillin-Induced Encephalopathy in Uremic Patients
Authors: H. Allan Bloomer
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Massive doses of potassium penicillin G, given intravenously to four patients with renal failure, resulted in decreased consciousness, myoclonic jerking, and seizures. Although similar cases have been reported, the syndrome is not well known. The frequency of this serious complication demands that caution be used in administering large doses of penicillin to azotemic patients.
Osler on Acupuncture
Authors: Marvin H. Lipkowitz
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The following description of "acupuncture" by Sir William Osler<sup>1</sup>may be of interest. "For lumbago acupuncture is, in acute cases, the most efficient treatment. Needles from three to four inches in length (ordinary bonnetneedles, sterilized, will do) are thrust into the lumbar muscles at the seat of pain, and withdrawn after five or ten minutes. In many instances the relief is immediate, and I can corroborate fully the statements of Ringer, who taught me this practice, as to its extraordinary and prompt efficacy in many instances." Apparently the principle utilized was that of local counter-irritation, which would leave only a semantic connection between Osler's practice and that of inserting needles at distant sites—the technique advocated by current acupuncturists.
Ischiogluteal Bursitis
Authors: Roy Swartout
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Ischiogluteal bursitis is an extremely painful disorder, characterized by pain over the center of the buttock and down the back of the leg. Probably a common disorder, it is rarely diagnosed and is easily confused with a herniated disk or even acute thrombophlebitis. Treatment is simple, the most important being three days of bed rest. A skillful injection into the bursa may be helpful. The patient may be left with weak leg muscles for many months.
Comparison of the perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic and open retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for low-stage (stage I/II) testicular germ cell tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Si Ge, Lijian Gan, Chunyang Meng, Kangsen Li, Zuoping Wang, Zhiqiang Zeng, Lei Zheng, Yunxiang Li
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Comparison of the perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (L-RPLND) and open retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (O-RPLND) for low-stage (stage I/II) testicular germ cell tumors.The authors performed a systematic review and cumulative meta-analysis of the primary outcomes of interest according to PRISMA criteria, and the quality assessment of the included studies followed the AMSTAR guidelines. Four databases were searched, including Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The search period was from the creation of each database to October 2022. The statistical analysis software uses Stata17.There were nine studies involving 579 patients. Compared with O-RPLND, L-RPLND was associated with shorter length of stay [weighted mean difference (WMD)=-3.99, 95% CI: -4.80 to -3.19, P <0.05], less estimated blood loss (WMD=-0.95, 95% CI: -1.35 to -0.54, P <0.05), shorter time to oral intake after surgery (WMD=-0.77, 95% CI: -1.50 to -0.03, P <0.05), and lower overall complications (odds ratio=0.58, 95% CI: 0.38-0.87, P <0.05). Subgroup analysis found that the complication rate of Clavien-Dindo grade II was lower in L-RPLND (odds ratio=0.24, 95% CI: 0.11-0.55, P <0.05). Interestingly, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of operation time, lymph node yields, and recurrence rate during follow-up.L-RPLND is superior to O-RPLND and is worthy of clinical promotion.
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)‐independent actions of capsaicin on cellular excitability and ion transport
Authors: Murat Oz, Dietrich E. Lorke, Frank C. Howarth
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2023)

Abstract Capsaicin is a naturally occurring alkaloid derived from chili pepper that is responsible for its hot pungent taste. Capsaicin is known to exert multiple pharmacological actions, including analgesia, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, antiobesity, and antioxidant effects. The transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) is the main receptor mediating the majority of the capsaicin effects. However, numerous studies suggest that the TRPV1 receptor is not the only target for capsaicin. An increasing number of studies indicates that capsaicin, at low to mid µM ranges, not only indirectly through TRPV1‐mediated Ca 2+ increases, but also directly modulates the functions of voltage‐gated Na + , K + , and Ca 2+ channels, as well as ligand‐gated ion channels and other ion transporters and enzymes involved in cellular excitability. These TRPV1‐independent effects are mediated by alterations of the biophysical properties of the lipid membrane and subsequent modulation of the functional properties of ion channels and by direct binding of capsaicin to the channels. The present study, for the first time, systematically categorizes this diverse range of non‐TRPV1 targets and discusses cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating TRPV1‐independent effects of capsaicin in excitable, as well as nonexcitable cells.
An IGFBP7hi endothelial cell subset drives T cell extravasation in psoriasis via endothelial glycocalyx degradation
Authors: Qingyang Li, Shuai Shao, Zhenlai Zhu, Jiaoling Chen, Junfeng Hao, Yaxing Bai, Bing Li, Erle Dang, Gang Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2023)

Dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) facilitates imbalanced immune responses and tissue hyperinflammation. However, the heterogeneous functions of skin ECs and their underlying mechanism in dermatoses remain to be solved. Here, focusing on the pathogenic role of skin ECs in psoriasis, we characterized the molecular and functional heterogeneity of skin ECs from healthy individuals and psoriasis patients at the single-cell level. We found that endothelial glycocalyx destruction, a major feature of EC dysfunction in psoriasis, was a driving force during the process of T cell extravasation. Interestingly, we identified a skin EC subset, IGFBP7high ECs, in psoriasis. This subset actively responded to psoriatic-related cytokine signaling, secreted IGFBP7, damaged the endothelial glycocalyx, exposed the adhesion molecules underneath, and prepared the endothelium for immune cell adhesion and transmigration, thus aggravating skin inflammation. More importantly, we provided evidence in a psoriasis-like mouse model that anti-IGFBP7 treatment showed promising therapeutic effects for restoring the endothelial glycocalyx and alleviating skin inflammation. Taken together, our results depicted the distinct functions of EC clusters in healthy and psoriatic skin, identified IGFBP7high ECs as an active subset modulating vascular function and cutaneous inflammation, and indicated that targeting IGFBP7 is a potential therapeutic strategy in psoriasis.
Deciphering gliomagenesis from genome-wide association studies
Authors: Luc Bauchet, Marc Sanson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2023)

Journal Article Deciphering gliomagenesis from genome-wide association studies Get access Luc Bauchet, Luc Bauchet Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, FranceIGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, FranceFrench Brain Tumor DataBase, Registre des Tumeurs de l'Hérault, ICM, Montpellier, France Corresponding Author: Luc Bauchet, MD, PhD, Department of Neurosurgery, Hopital Gui de Chauliac – CHU Montpellier, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34 295 Montpellier cedex 5, France (l-bauchet@chu-montpellier.fr). https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1077-2496 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marc Sanson Marc Sanson AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2, Paris, FranceSorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute, Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Neuro-Oncology, Volume 25, Issue 7, July 2023, Pages 1366–1367, https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noad057 Published: 14 March 2023 Article history Published: 14 March 2023 Corrected and typeset: 10 April 2023
Safety considerations for withdrawal of nucleos(t)ide analogues in patients with chronic hepatitis B: First, do no harm
Authors: Yao-Chun Hsu, Cheng-Hao Tseng, Jia-Horng Kao
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2023)

Nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) are widely used to treat hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, but they cannot eradicate the virus and treatment duration can be lifelong if the endpoint is set at seroclearance of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). As an alternative strategy, finite NA therapy without the prerequisite of HBsAg seroclearance has been proposed to allow treatment cessation in patients with sustained undetectable HBV viremia for two to three years. However, reactivation of viral replication almost always follows NA withdrawal. Whereas HBV reactivation might facilitate HBsAg seroclearance in some, it could lead to serious acute flare-ups in a certain proportion of patients. Occurrence and consequences of NA withdrawal flares are complicated with various factors involving the virus, host, and treatment. Accurate risk prediction for severe flares following NA cessation is essential to ensure patient safety. The risks of life-threatening flares in patients who discontinued NA according to the stopping rules of current guidelines or local reimbursement policies have recently been quantitatively estimated in large-scale studies, which also provided empirical evidence to help identify vulnerable patients at risk of devastating outcomes. Moreover, risk predictors were further explored and validated to hopefully aid in patient selection and management. In this narrative review with a focus on patient safety, we summarize and discuss current literature on the incidence of severe flares following NA cessation, risk stratification for candidate selection, rules of posttreatment monitoring, and indications for treatment resumption. We also share our thoughts on the limitations of existing knowledge and suggestions for future research.
Re-emergence of the Lassa virus in Africa: a global health concern
Authors: Muhammad Ahmad, Ishtiaq Ahmed, Prakasini Satapathy, Mubarick N. Asumah, Bijaya K. Padhi
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Ahmad, Muhammad; Ahmed, Ishtiaq; Satapathy, Prakasini; Asumah, Mubarick Nungbaso MPhil, Bsc & RGN; Padhi, Bijaya K Associate Prof, PhD, MPH, Bsc Author Information
Wonder
Authors: Matthew Lin
Journal: JAMA (2023)

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Disproportionate exercise‐induced pulmonary hypertension in relation to cardiac output in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a non‐invasive echocardiographic study
Authors: Yuki Saito, Masaru Obokata, Tomonari Harada, Kazuki Kagami, Hidemi Sorimachi, Naoki Yuasa, Toshimitsu Kato, Naoki Wada, Yasuo Okumura, Hideki Ishii
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2023)