tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Urine-Based Screening Strategies to Detect Chlamydia trachomatis Among Sexually Active Asymptomatic Young Males
Authors: Mary-Ann Shafer
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the performances of diagnostic screening tests alone or in combination to detect asymptomatic chlamydial urethral infection in young males. <h3>Design.</h3> —Comparisons of the performance profiles of the following chlamydia screening strategies were done: urethral culture; identification of polymorphonucleocytes (PMNs) on spun first-void urine (FVU); urinary leukocyte esterase test (LET) on unspun FVU; chlamydial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) applied to FVU sediment; combining LET on unspun FVU followed by EIA with or without direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) confirmation on FVU sediment; and combining PMNs on spun FVU followed by EIA with or without DFA confirmation. <h3>Setting.</h3> —General clinics at a youth detention center, university-based teen clinic, college health service, and a military screening clinic. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 618 males aged 12 to 35 years (mean, 17 years) were recruited as a convenience sample; site participation rates ranged from 50% to 80%. Eligible subjects were sexually active, denied symptoms of urethritis, and had taken no antibiotics in the prior 2 weeks. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of each test strategy's ability to detect<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>infection, and cost to confirm each positive case. <h3>Results.</h3> —With a 7% prevalence of chlamydial infection, tissue culture had a sensitivity of only 61%. However, two strategies yielded significantly better performance profiles compared with the others: EIA confirmed by DFA test with a sensitivity of 84%, a specificity of 100%, and a cost to identify each positive case of $434; and PMNs followed by EIA confirmed by DFA test with a sensitivity of 78%, a specificity of 100%, and a cost to identify each positive case of $199. The LET followed by EIA-DFA had a similar performance profile to the PMN test strategies. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —A combination of a nonspecific screening of FVU for PMNs or LET followed by specific testing with EIA with DFA confirmation has superior clinical and cost-effective performance for detecting asymptomatic<i>C trachomatis</i>urethritis in young males compared with other strategies. However, an evaluation of the medical, fiscal, and psychological benefits and risks associated with a specific screening strategy for sexually transmitted diseases must be made before adopting a specific strategy for a particular population. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:2065-2070)
Treatment of pathologic stages IA and IIA Hodgkin's disease.
Authors: J J Rusthoven
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1985.3.11.1563 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 4056848 Treatment of pathologic stages IA and IIA Hodgkin's disease. J J RusthovenxJ J RusthovenSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1985.3.11.1563 PDF "Treatment of pathologic stages IA and IIA Hodgkin's disease.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 3(11), pp. 1563–1564© 1985 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Airway Constriction in Normal Humans Produced by Inhalation of Leukotriene D
Authors: J. Woodrow Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Five normal human subjects inhaled aerosols generated from solutions of leukotriene D (LTD) to determine the bronchoconstrictor potency and the time course of airway obstruction produced by this constituent of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis. The dose-effect and time-effect curves were compared with curves similarly generated for the well-characterized airway constrictor histamine. Leukotriene D was, on average, 5,900 times more potent than histamine on a molar basis in producing an identical decrement in maximal expiratory flow rate at 30% of control vital capacity above residual volume. In addition, although LTD had a rapid onset of effect, similar to that of histamine, the airway obstruction produced by LTD was longer lasting, thereby reflecting more closely the response of asthmatic allergic individuals to antigen inhalation. The response of these subjects to inhalation of LTD was not altered by ingestion of aspirin, suggesting that the airway obstruction was not mediated by cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:2814-2817)
Exposure of Susceptible Pregnant Women to Rubella Vaccines
Authors: H. Denman Scott
Journal: JAMA (1971)

During a state-wide rubella immunization campaign, nearly 100,000 children received vaccine. Of 1,350 pregnant women screened serologically before and during the campaign, 13% were found to be susceptible. Follow-up serological studies on 121 of the susceptible group, which included 31 close contacts of vaccinees, revealed only one instance of seroconversion. This patient, who was clinically asymptomatic, could not be related temporally to an immunized child in the home or to any other identifiable exposure. Such data support the view that susceptible pregnant women in close contact with vaccinees are as unlikely to acquire infection as are susceptible siblings or nonpregnant women.
Fellowships, Grants, Awards
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Fellowships, Grants, Awards Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 16, 17 August 1994, Pages 1261–1262, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.16.1261 Published: 17 August 1994
Diagnostics urgents: Abdomen
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Discoverer of the Cause of Milk Sickness
Authors: William D. Snively
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The season was fall, the year about 1834. The savagery of the southern Illinois backwoods seemed reflected in the wildly beautiful autumnal foliage. Anna Pierce Hobbs, pioneer doctor in the rugged hills of southeastern Illinois, strode into the dense forest covering Hobbs' Ridge. It was a lovely day to carry on her determined hunt for the unknown killer herb that, she was certain, had been decimating both the human and livestock populations of the pioneer settlement of Rock Creek. Anna had no inkling that, on this day, she would meet the Shawnee medicine woman, "Aunt Shawnee," who would reveal to her the guilty plant. She little thought that she was about to take the last in a series of logical steps that were to lead, inevitably, to her discovery of the cause of milk sickness. Anna's work, reaching its culmination on this day, should have wiped out the vicious scourge
The Changing Image of the American Physician
Authors: John Duffy
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The high status that American physicians enjoy in present day society is largely a product of two factors, the broad application of science and technology to medicine and the advancing standard of living which has created a steadily increasing demand for medical services. This fortunate situation is of quite recent origin. Indeed, the 20th century was at hand before the art of medicine successfully united with science and technology to provide a sound basis for the profession. During much of American history, practitioners of medicine had relatively low status. In the colonial period, the most immediate problem arose from the acute shortage of properly trained medical men. While a great many Americans who trace their genealogy discover that their forefathers were aristocrats, nonetheless, the majority of settlers to the New World came from the lower economic groups. Physicians in 17th- and 18th-century Europe were trained in universities, a fact which
Tuberculosis Morbidity—United States, 1996
Journal: JAMA (1997)

During 1996, a total of 21,337 cases of tuberculosis (TB) (8.0 cases per 100,000 population) were reported to CDC from the 50 states, the District of Columbia (DC), and New York City; this total represents a 6.7% decrease from 1995 (22,860 cases [8.7 per 100,000 population]). This is the fourth consecutive year that the number of reported TB cases has decreased (Figure 1), resulting in the lowest number and rate of reported TB cases since national reporting began in 1953. This report summarizes TB surveillance data for 1996 and compares these data with selected data for previous years. The findings indicate a continuing decrease in the number of TB cases among U.S.-born persons and a leveling or slight decrease in the number of cases among persons born outside the United States and its territories (i.e., foreign-born).
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

The median survival for glioblastoma is less than 2 years. Using human glioblastoma stem-like cell (GSC) lines isolated via a marker-neutral strategy, Zorniak and colleagues tested the hypothesis that GSC lines express distinct neural developmental protein profiles with clinical utility. They found that differential neural lineage protein expression was correlated with extent of tumor infiltration and survival in mouse xenografts. Expression of 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (CNP), a marker of oligodendroglial progenitors, was correlated with patient survival in a large clinically annotated glioblastoma tissue microarray. These data link developmental neural markers with tumor infiltration and patient survival and reveal CNP as a novel marker for glioblastoma prognosis.Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) responds poorly to conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. An understanding of the molecular pathways driving MTC formation would be helpful in the design of targeted therapeutics for patients with advanced disease. Tamburrino and colleagues show that the mTOR pathway is consistently activated in MTC, that such activation is robust in MTC metastases, and that the expression of neoplastic phenotype depends on mTOR activity. Targeting mTOR with rapamycin or its derivatives may be exploited as a therapeutic strategy for metastatic MTC.Although crizotinib shows dramatic effects against EML4-ALK lung cancer cells, these cells can acquire resistance, which selective ALK inhibitors may be able to overcome. Yamada and colleagues show that epidermal growth factor receptor ligands and hepatocyte growth factor produced by cell microenvironments can cause EML4-ALK lung cancer cells to become resistant to crizotinib and/or selective ALK inhibitors by triggering bypass survival signals. These findings raise clinical questions about the class of ALK inhibitors that would be more beneficial for patients with EML4-ALK lung cancer. Moreover, these results provide a rationale for targeting receptor ligands in the microenvironment for more successful treatment of these patients with ALK inhibitors.The carcinoembryonic antigen glypican-3 (GPC3) is an ideal target of anticancer immunotherapy against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In a phase I clinical study conducted by Sawada and colleagues, 33 patients with advanced HCC underwent GPC3 peptide vaccination. One patient showed a partial response, and 19 patients showed stable disease 2 months after initiation of treatment. These results show that GPC3 peptide-specific CTLs appeared in peripheral blood and that many CD8-positive T cells infiltrated tumors after vaccination. GPC3 peptide-specific CTL frequency was correlated with overall survival in HCC patients receiving peptide vaccination. These observations suggest that GPC3-derived peptide vaccines could be a novel therapy for HCC patients.
Three Mile Island
Authors: J Stanley Smith
Journal: JAMA (1981)

From Wednesday, March 28, 1979, to Wednesday, April 4, 1979, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, was in a state of near-panic in response to the Three Mile Island nuclear accident. The Dauphin County Office of Emergency Preparedness quickly attempted to develop a plan to evacuate not only the population of an area 20 miles in radius from the plant but the short-term and long-term care medical facilities as well. For medical evacuation, a system of classification of patients was defined and matched to needed transportation. Furthermore, a critical coordinating link was established with the Hospital Association of Pennsylvania to identify and categorize relocation beds in receiving hospitals far from the incident site in the event of evacuation. Just as this incident was unusual, so too were the planning activities unique since they were never before conceived or accomplished. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1656-1659)
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Many SOX gene family members have been shown to play a role in human cancer. Jiang and colleagues investigated the role of the transcriptional factor SOX9 in lung adenocarcinoma. Via data mining in several clinical gene expression datasets, they found that SOX9 was consistently upregulated in the majority of lung adenocarcinomas. Further, in vitro and animal experiments indicated that SOX9 could modulate proliferation and tumor growth capability of cancer cells, possibly through modulation of p21 and CDK4 (two important cell cycle regulators). These results suggest that the SOX9 pathway is a promising target for treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.The somatic mutation JAK2V617F is found in about 95% of cases of polycythemia vera (PV), but the mechanism by which a single mutation contributes to pathogenesis is still unclear. To better understand the molecular events underlying PV and their relationship to JAK2V617F, Berkofsky-Fessler and colleagues performed microarray analysis with PV CD34+ cells. Using cell line models and comparing gene expression profiles of cell lines and PV CD34+ specimens, they identified a JAK2-dependent gene set. Further, they identified a significant number of genes deregulated in PV independently of JAK2. The deregulated genes found here may be potential therapeutic targets for PV.Notch signaling has been implicated in human tumorigenesis. To explore its role in neuroblastoma (NB), Chang and colleagues examined Notch1 expression in NB tumor tissues. They found that Notch1 expression was an independent unfavorable prognostic marker of NB, and that expression of Notch1 inversely correlated with the differentiation of NB. Further, inhibition of Notch signaling by a γ-secretase inhibitor was shown to promote neuronal differentiation in cultured NB cells and to slow tumor progression in a xenograft NB mouse model. These results suggest that Notch signaling could be a novel therapeutic target in NB.Whole-genome gene expression analyses of urothelial carcinomas have produced promising gene signatures for tumor stage, grade, progression, and prognosis. Before such signatures may be used in clinical practice, they should be firmly validated using independent data. In this issue, Lauss and colleagues undertook a systematic evaluation of 28 gene signatures in four independent data sets. They found that stage and grade signatures performed well. However, none of the tested survival signatures could be validated. Overall, larger signatures produced more robust predictions. These findings stress the importance of validation in the translation of gene signatures into clinical practice.
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 13, 6 July 1994, Pages 965–966, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.13.965 Published: 06 July 1994
Development and Evaluation of the Moraten Measles Virus Vaccine
Authors: Maurice R. Hilleman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Clinical reaction rates and antibody responses were compared in children given three vaccines: Enders' live, attenuated Edmonston B measles vaccine; a newly described line of Enders' vaccine—live, attenuated Moraten measles virus vaccine; or the live, attenuated Schwarz line of Enders' measles virus vaccine. Groups of 248 to 273 susceptible children in health centers, schools, and outpatient clinics were elected at random to receive the three vaccines. Oral temperature of 101 F (38.3 C) or greater was encountered in 45.9% of those given the Edmonston vaccine, 14.4% of recipients of the Moraten line, and 21.4% of recipients of Schwarz vaccine. The lesser reaction of the Moraten line compared with Schwarz vaccine was statistically significant as was the difference between Moraten and Edmonston vaccine. All children responded serologically to all vaccines. The geometric mean hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titer following Edmonston vaccine administration was 1:25 compared with 1:16.3 and 1:16.1 for the Moraten and Schwarz vaccines.
Effect of Trimethoprim on Lamivudine Bioavailability
Authors: Margaret Hudson
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Recent studies have shown encouraging antiretroviral and immunological benefit from the combination of lamivudine and zidovudine.<sup>1-3</sup>The cost of such combination therapy (with the possible addition of human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] protease inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) is considerable. A little publicized fact is that trimethoprim increases the bioavailability of lamivudine by approximately 40%.<sup>4</sup>It is not stated in any of these trials precisely how many patients were receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia prophylaxis. Trials of combination therapy of trimethoprim and lamivudine may show that lower doses of lamivudine are effective with significant cost benefits.
Current Medical Literature
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
To Label or Not to Label
Authors: S. L. Lerman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A pharmaceutical firm advertises its identification code for its drug products, with the suggestion that this code could be lifesaving. Other devices could be equally lifesaving. A recent note inThe Journalstates that pharmacists need<i>not</i>label prescriptions unless requested by the physician to do so. I use a prescription form on which "Label as Such" is boldly printed, and find that most pharmacists prefer to overlook labeling, even when it is requested. It appears to me that pharmacists need more urgent directives to label as such whenever requested.
Fellowships, Grants, Awards
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Fellowships, Grants, Awards Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 14, 20 July 1994, Pages 1105–1106, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.14.1105 Published: 20 July 1994
Repair of Complicated Defect in Cardiac Septum After Nonpenetrating Trauma
Authors: Thomas Gahagan
Journal: JAMA (1965)

TRAUMATIC RUPTURE of the ventricular septum from a crushing injury was described as early as 1847 by Hewitt,<sup>1</sup>and from that time until 1950, Pollock and his associates<sup>2</sup>were able to collect 12 reported cases. Since 1950, more than a dozen instances of ventricular-septal rupture from non-penetrating trauma have been recorded, and at least four of these lesions have been repaired surgically. This report concerns a patient who sustained a traumatic rupture of the septum which produced a communication between the left ventricle and the right atrium as well as between the left ventricle and the right ventricle. The defect was repaired successfully, two months following the injury. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The patient, a 15-year-old boy, was in robust good health until June 14, 1964, when he was injured severely in an automobile accident in which his brother, who was driving the car, was killed outright. The