tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dietetics Simplified: The Use of Foods in Health and Disease
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Specific Antibody Activation of Lymphocytes for Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Against Cultured Target Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Mitsuo Takasugi, K. Kinoshita
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

The role of antiserum, effector lymphocytes, and target cells was studied to establish the test conditions required to demonstrate antibody-activated cell-mediated cytotoxicity in an allogeneic human system. Two multispecific HL-A sera tested against a number of target cells with a panel of effector cells yielded different patterns of reactivity, which demonstrated an antibody-imposed specificity to the activation of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity for target cells. Reactions were weaker but apparently specific with some sera from normal persons and cancer patients. The ability of lymphocytes to react with these antibodies against target cells also varied between individuals, with lymphocytes from cancer patients showing weaker reactions than those from normal persons.
Treatment of Massive Hemorrhage With Colloid and Crystalloid Solutions
Authors: Masuhiko Takaori
Journal: JAMA (1967)

An experimental model which duplicates bleeding and immediate replacement with blood substitutes was designed and used in 100 experiments on dogs. In hemo-dilution to asystole with dextrans 40 and 75 and with hydroxyethyl starch, four phases of response were seen: complete compensation, partial compensation, reversible decompensation (above 10% hematocrit), and irreversible decompensation (below 10% hematocrit). After hemodilution to 10% hematocrit with infusion volumes equal to blood withdrawn, long-term survival was achieved in 14 of 18 dogs (78%) with dextran 75, in 10 of 12 (83%) with dextran 40, and in 11 of 13 (84%) with hydroxyethyl starch; none of the dogs hemodiluted with buffered plasma or Ringer's lactate solution survived. Ringer's lactate solution, even in volumes of 2.5 times the blood volume withdrawn, did not maintain blood volume and cardiac output (after hemodilution to 20% and 10% hematocrit). Dextrans and starch resulted in bleeding diathesis below 20% hematocrit. In severe hemodilution, dextran 40 and hydroxyethyl starch proved as effective as dextran 75 in maintaining homeostasis and supporting survival. In treatment of moderate to severe blood loss, therefore, colloid solutions proved superior to crystalloid solution.
The Perils of Wizardry
Authors: David L. Bazelon
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

As biobehavioral scientists, psychiatrists bear a major responsibility in the current revolution involving our understanding of the brain and human behavior. Based on his experience in the courtroom, the author sees psychiatry's primary focus on treatment and its penchant for diagnostic labeling as dangerous; he is concerned that the field may lose sight of the social determinants of behavior. He calls upon psychiatrists to acknowledge and respond to the ethical challenges posed by their great power, their "wizardry," in the use of behavior modification, psychosurgery, and chemotherapy.
Informed Consent: III
Authors: Leslie J. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1980)

AS WAS pointed out in the earlier articles in this series, the law of informed consent, as presented by the judicial opinions on this subject, contains many uncertainties and ambiguities. This is particularly true with respect to the information a physician must disclose to a patient to obtain an informed consent and the scope of the defenses that a physician may raise to a claim that an informed consent has not been obtained. In recent years at least 26 states have adopted statutes dealing with informed consent, which seem to be intended to remove some of the ambiguities in the case law. However, analysis indicates that, although the statutes do provide some useful clarifications of the law, many of the uncertainties found in the case law remain. <h3>Standard of Disclosure</h3> As was discussed in the first article in this series, there is substantial disagreement among courts as to whether the
Anticoagulant Therapy for Senile Dementia
Authors: Arthur C. Walsh
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In reply to the letter of Rabins et al (1983;249:353) regarding the use of anticoagulant therapy for senility, I would like to clarify some points. It is true that our studies were not "controlled," except when some patients served as their own control, when their conditions worsened when anticoagulant therapy was discontinued and improved when therapy began again. But there was a control study done in Montreal by Ratner et al<sup>1,2</sup>that confirms my findings of benefit from anticoagulant therapy in senility. Their study also confirms our findings as to the relative safety of anticoagulant therapy in senile persons—the Montreal group had no complications during a one-year period. In regard to the risks of falling, in 18 years, only one of our patients (and she suffered from cortical blindness and severe confusion) had serious complications from a fall, and she fell down a whole flight of
Classification of Anterior Chest Wall Syndromes
Authors: John J. Calabro
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We wish to congratulate Espstein and coauthors (241:2793, 1979) for their excellent contribution on chest wall syndrome as a common cause of unexplained cardiac pain. It is clear from the description of their 12 patients that all had the anterior chest wall syndrome, more popularly known as costochondritis. The terms "Tietze's syndrome" and "costochondritis" are often used interchangeably. While both disorders are characterized by inflammation of one or more costal cartilages, Tietze's syndrome is associated with local swelling while costochondritis is not. Consequently, Tietze's syndrome is easier to recognize but unfortunately is far less common than costochondritis. In this regard, the two letters to the editor (242:2556, 1979; 242:2394, 1979) suggesting that the patients of Epstein et al had Tietze's syndrome are inappropriate. The cause of Tietze's syndrome is unknown, although minor or obscure trauma (coughing, for example) may be operative. The syndrome occurs in all age
Traumatic Intracranial Hematomas
Authors: John E. Woodford
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Three patients had posttraumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage and each developed an intracranial hematoma. All were operated on after three to ten days of neurologic stability. Two were found to have extradural hematomas and one had a subdural hematoma. Our experience emphasizes the need for care in observing the patient with a head injury and a leakage of spinal fluid. Neurologic deterioration may occur even after a period of days.
Social Medicine
Authors: Ernest W. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I note that in the Book Forum of the July 6, 1964, issue ofThe Journal(<b>189</b>:68) you have a topic listed as "Social Medicine," under which is printed a review of<i>Trends in the National Health Service</i>. This, in my judgment, is a misuse of the term "Social Medicine." Perhaps the editor meant to indicate "Socialized Medicine." Social Medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with the relationship of diseases and injuries of individuals and their environment. In other words, it has been proposed as a branch of medicine which would encompass the psychosocial aspects. I suspect that your assistant editor was overcome by the need for brevity and became lost in the sea of semantics (to mix a metaphor).
Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods. A Working Manual of Clinical Pathology.
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation.
Journal: BMJ (1982)

We now have a copy of the still unpublished manuscript.We are surprised to discover that Dr Fornazzari's study, while it confirms an association between chronic heavy toluene abuse and persistent cerebral impairment, does not support as clearly as Dr King and others suggest the contention that cerebral damage is a direct pharmacological effect of toluene (Fornazzari L, personal communication).Not all of Fornazzari et al's sample of chronic heavy toluene abusers showed evidence of cerebral impairment, nor was there a clear relation between dosage and damage.These facts led them to suggest that mediating factors such as anoxia, malnutrition, or genetic differences might have caused the cerebral impairment they observed.
Intrauterine Contraceptives
Authors: Phillip J. Seward
Journal: JAMA (1965)

INTRAUTERINE contraceptive devices have provoked controversy over their mode of action, efficacy, and side effects. Perforations of the uterine wall are apparently rare, but there are reported cases in which a ring has been found outside the uterus accompanied by few or relatively minor symptoms.<sup>1</sup>Tietze and Lewit<sup>2</sup>reported, in a study of 23,602 cases, that there were 24 uterine perforations. Seventeen of these involved the Birnberg bow. Price<sup>3</sup>reported a case in which a Gräfenberg ring had eroded through some two thirds of the uterine wall and a loop of ileum had passed through the ring resulting in intestinal obstruction. Our case is similar to the one reported by Price. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 33-year-old woman was admitted to Rockford Memorial Hospital on July 31, 1965, because of acute abdominal pain which began in the epigastrium approximately seven hours prior to admission. This pain became
The Incidence of Exposure to Needle Sticks During Surgery
Authors: James W. Pate
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The continuing debate in regard to the magnitude of risks to health care workers involved in treating patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome frequently generates dogmatic opinions unsupported by fact. Drs Ratzan and Schneiderman<sup>1</sup>say the following: No needle-stick data support the suggestion that any physician anywhere is likely to stick oneself 5 to 10 times per year. This is not only an unverifiable assumption in the literature, it is a priori preposterous. Such a physician belongs in a different, safer profession, where the practitioners use their feet, not their hands. In an ongoing prospective study of glove use and surgical team injuries during heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass, we have noted a mean of about 0.4 exposures of surgeons, scrub nurses, or other team members per operation. Exposures are defined as (1) needle, wire, or bone punctures of gloves with visible bleeding, scratch, or laceration
Cholangiocellular Carcinomas Induced in Syrian Golden Hamsters Administered Aflatoxin B&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; in Large Doses&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Michael R. Moore, Henry C. Pitot, Elizabeth C. Miller, James A. Miller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

The hepatocarcinogenicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was compared in male Syrian golden hamsters and inbred F344 rats. AFB1was administered by gavage 5 days/week for 6 weeks at doses of 1 and 2 mg/kg body weight/day to rats and hamsters, respectively; rats did not survive beyond 3 weeks with doses of 2 mg/kg/day. After 6 weeks the animals either received no further treatment or were given 0.1% phenobarbital sodium in the drinking water. ATPase-deficient foci of hepatic parenchymal cells, neoplastic nodules, and hepatocellular carcinomas were observed in liver sections from AFB1-treated rats killed at 6, 14, or 23 weeks; they were not seen in sections from AFB1-treated hamsters killed at 6, 14, or 46 weeks. Each of the 50 AFB1-treated rats developed hepatocellular carcinomas by 46 weeks; many also had cholangiocarcinomas and mixed hepatocellular-cholangiocellular carcinomas. Hepatocellular carcinomas were found in only 2 of 49 AFB1-treated hamsters by 78 weeks. At this time cholangiocarcinomas were found in 15 hamsters, and microscopic cholangiomas were seen in all of the livers. Compared to the rat, the hamster was resistant to the hepatotoxic and hepatocellular carcinogenic effects of AFB1.
Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders for Critically III Patients in the Hospital
Authors: Susanna E. Bedell
Journal: JAMA (1986)

We studied compliance with do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders at a university hospital where a DNR protocol has existed since 1979. Documentation of DNR status in patient progress notes and chart orders increased through 1983. During a 12-month period (March 1983 through April 1984), we studied in detail the medical records of 521 patients who had a cardiopulmonary arrest in the hospital. Seventy-five percent (389 of 521) of these patients were designated DNR. Patients who were designated DNR were significantly more likely to be older, to have malignancy or an abnormal mental status, and to be less likely to have acute myocardial infarction, stroke, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease than patients in whom resuscitation was attempted. Eighty-six percent of families, but only 22% of patients, were involved in the decision to designate a patient DNR. The decision to designate a patient DNR occurred late in the course of a patient's illness, often when the patient was in coma. For 28% of patients, some form of medical care was withdrawn or withheld after they were designated DNR. These data suggest that use of the DNR protocol requires changes if patients are to participate in the decision not to undergo cardiopulmonary resuscitation. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:233-237)
Vocational Registration
Authors: J. S. Elkington
Journal: BMJ (1970)

negative, and full blood counts and serum folate estimations were normal.On close questioning the mothers had noticed that the children held the Pancrex powder (given in orange juice) in the mouth for some time before swallowing it, and in the third case the child crunched the tablets before swallowing them.The ulceration was thought to be due to digestion of the mucous membrane by the Pancrex extract in the alkaline medium of the mouth, and rapid clinical responses were obtained by stopping the Pancrex therapy and administering bland mouth washes.It would seem important therefore to stress to parents and children the need to swallow these extracts quickly to prevent their activation in the mouth.The manufac- turers, Paines and Byrne Ltd., have been informed and are labelling the preparations accordingly.-Iam, etc.,
The Primary Empty Sella Syndrome
Authors: William F. Young
Journal: JAMA (1981)

EMPTY sella syndrome occurs when the suprasellar subarachnoid space extends into the sella turcica. The primary syndrome presents in a patient with no prior history of pituitary radiation or surgery,<sup>1</sup>is benign, and requires no therapy unless there is progressive visual field loss, rhinorrhea, or an associated microadenoma.<sup>2</sup>The correct diagnosis is crucial to avoid unnecessary surgical or radiation therapy for a suspected intrasellar tumor. The radiological evaluation has recently improved with the use of intrathecal metrizamide (Amipaque) and computed tomography (CT).<sup>3-5</sup>This report presents a case of the primary empty sella syndrome with associated bitemporal visual field defects definitively diagnosed with metrizamide cisternography and correlative CT. Also, the endocrinologic presentation of this syndrome with associated visual field defects is further defined. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 32-year-old, healthy married woman had "floating spots" in her eyes for three years and recent onset of blurring vision. She
Growing up in New Guinea. A Comparative Study of Primitive Education.
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Overexpression of protein kinase C-α and -β isozymes by stromal dendritic cells in basal and squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: N.J. REYNOLDS, C. TODD, B. ANGUS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes transduce signals from cell surface receptors and thereby regulate important cellular functions in skin including keratinocyte growth and differentiation. Overexpression of individual PKC isozymes results in aberrant cell growth and in certain instances tumorigenicity. PKC is implicated in tumour promotion in mouse skin. Abnormal expression of PKC has been reported in several human cancers. We have, therefore, investigated expression of PKC-α and -β in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by immunohistochemistry. Sections were stained with specific antibodies to PKC-α, PKC-β, CDla, T cells, B cells and dermal dendritic cells (factor XIIIa), using an immunoperoxidase technique, PKC-α and PKC-β were not detected in tumour cells in BCCs or SCCs. In SCCs, PKC-β immunostaining revealed positively stained inflammatory and dendritic cells scattered through the stroma: PKC-α immunostaining was essentially negative. In contrast, in BCCs, PKC-α+ and PKC-β+ dendritic and spindle-shaped cells were observed in the stroma, immediately adjacent to the tumour islands. Double-labelling experiments showed that a proportion (approximately 20%) of PKC-β+ dendritic cells also expressed factor XIIIa. BCCs depend on stroma for growth: PKC regulates expression of type IV collagenase and stromelysis III and interactions between tumour and stroma may be important in determining tumour invasion and metastasis, Therefore, overexpression of PKC-α and -β by stromal dendritic cells in BCCs suggests that PKC activation may be involved in stromal/tumour interactions in these tumours.
Retropharyngeal Abscess
Authors: S Crusat Braña, J Nogués Orpí, M Maños Pujol, R Vera Llao, X González Compta, M Dicenta Sousa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

We present 2 cases of retropharyngeal abscess in adults as complication of acute tonsillitis and cervical pyogenic osteomyelitis, respectively. These cases confirm that retropharyngeal abscess has a significant morbi-mortality despite of new antibiotic drugs introduced. A review of the present characteristics of the complaint is treated in this paper.
Blood Lead Concentrations in Pre-School Children in Birmingham<sup>1</sup>
Authors: A Archer, J P Giltrow, H A Waldron
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1980)

A survey has been undertaken of the distribution of blood lead concentrations in pre-school children attending nursery schools or day centres in Birmingham. The majority of levels in excess of 1.65 μmol/1 were found in children of Asian origin. It is thought likely that the high blood lead concentration seen in these children is related to nutritional rather than environmental factors.
Effects of Communitywide Education on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Authors: John W. Farquhar
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To test whether communitywide health education can reduce stroke and coronary heart disease, we compared two treatment cities (N = 122 800) and two control cities (N = 197 500) for changes in knowledge of risk factors, blood pressure, plasma cholesterol level, smoking rate, body weight, and resting pulse rate. Treatment cities received a 5-year, low-cost, comprehensive program using social learning theory, a communication—behavior change model, community organization principles, and social marketing methods that resulted in about 26 hours of exposure to multichannel and multifactor education. Risk factors were assessed in representative cohort and cross-sectional surveys at baseline and in three later surveys. After 30 to 64 months of education, significant net reductions in community averages favoring treatment occurred in plasma cholesterol level (2%), blood pressure (4%), resting pulse rate (3%), and smoking rate (13%) of the cohort sample. These risk factor changes resulted in important decreases in composite total mortality risk scores (15%) and coronary heart disease risk scores (16%). Thus, such low-cost programs can have an impact on risk factors in broad population groups. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:359-365)