tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Development of a Clinical Risk Score Prediction Tool for 5-, 9-, and 13-Year Risk of Dementia
Authors: Lina Ren, Junxian Liang, Feng Wan, Yongjun Wang, Xi-jian Dai
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance Although researchers have devoted substantial efforts, money, and time to studying the causes of dementia and the means to prevent it, no effective treatment exists yet. Identifying preclinical risk factors of dementia could help prevent or delay its progression. Objective To develop a point risk score prediction model of dementia. Design, Setting, and Participants This study used a large UK population-based prospective cohort study conducted between March 13, 2006, and October 1, 2010. Data analysis was performed from June 7 to September 15, 2021. Individual analyses of time end points were concluded at the first dementia diagnosis during the follow-up period. The data were split into training and testing data sets to separately establish and validate a prediction model. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes of interest included 5-, 9-, and 13-year dementia risk. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to identify available and practical dementia predictors. A point risk score model was developed for the individual prediction of 5-, 9-, and 13-year dementia risk. Results A total of 502 505 participants were selected; the population after exclusions for missing data and dementia diagnosis at baseline was 444 695 (205 187 men; mean [SD] age, 56.74 [8.18] years; 239 508 women; mean [SD] age, 56.20 [8.01] years). Dementia occurrence during the 13 years of follow-up was 0.7% for men and 0.5% for women. The C statistic of the final multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was 0.86 for men and 0.85 for women in the training data set, and 0.85 for men and 0.87 for women in the testing data set. Men and women shared some modifiable risk and protective factors, but they also presented independent risk factors that accounted for 31.7% of men developing dementia and 53.35% of women developing dementia according to the weighted population-attributable fraction. The total point score of the risk score model ranged from −18 to 30 in men and −17 to 30 in women. The risk score model yielded nearly 100% prediction accuracy of 13-year dementia risk both in men and women. Conclusions and Relevance In this diagnostic study, a practical risk score tool was developed for individual prediction of dementia risk, which may help individuals identify their potential risk profile and provide guidance on precise and timely actions to promote dementia delay or prevention.
Low Concentrations of C5a Complement Receptor Antibodies Are Linked to Disease Activity and Relapse in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibody–Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Sebastian Klapa, Antje Müller, Andreas Koch, Anja Kerstein‐Stähle, Wataru Kähler, Harald Heidecke, Susanne Schinke, Markus Huber‐Lang, Martin Nitschke, Silke Pitann, Solveig Augustin, Christian M. Karsten, Gabriela Riemekasten, Peter Lamprecht
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2022)

Objective To examine concentrations of circulating antibodies targeting C3a and C5a complement receptors in antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV) and analyze their association with disease activity. Methods Concentrations of antibodies against C3a and C5a complement receptors (anti‐C3aR and anti‐C5aR) and plasma complement fragments C3a and C5a were determined in patients with AAV (n = 110; granulomatosis with polyangiitis [GPA; n = 82] or microscopic polyangiitis [MPA; n = 28]), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients as disease controls (n = 36), and healthy donors (n = 220). C3aR and C5aR expression by circulating neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. Clinical data were assessed at time of serum sampling and during follow‐up for 60 months. Results In AAV, anti‐C3aR and anti‐C5aR antibodies were decreased ( P = 0.0026 and P ≤ 0.0001, respectively). In remission, anti‐C3aR antibody concentrations rose to values comparable to healthy donors, whereas anti‐C5aR antibody concentrations did not. In GPA, anti‐C5a and anti‐C5aR antibody concentrations inversely correlated with each other (r = −0.6831, P = 0.0127). In newly diagnosed GPA, decreased concentrations of anti‐C5aR antibodies but not anti‐C3aR antibodies were associated with disease activity ( P = 0.0009). Moreover, low anti‐C5aR antibodies were associated with relapse in GPA (hazard ratio 3.54, P = 0.0009) and MPA (hazard ratio 4.41, P = 0.0041). The frequency of C5aR‐expressing cells within T cell populations was increased in GPA ( P = 0.0021 for CD4+ T cells; P = 0.0118 for CD8+ T cells), but not in MPA. Conclusion Low concentrations of anti‐C5aR antibodies reflect disease activity and are associated with an increased risk for relapse in AAV. image
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia and other risk factors on long-COVID: A prospective observational multicentre cohort study
Authors: Alexander Rombauts, Carmen Infante, Mikel Del Álamo Martínez de Lagos, Jorge Alba, Adoración Valiente, Carla Donado-Mazarrón, Marta Carretero-Ledesma, Regino Rodríguez-Álvarez, Sonia Omatos, Zaira R Palacios-Baena, Gabriela Abelenda-Alonso, María Del Mar Silva-Sánchez, Ane Josune Goikoetxea-Agirre, José A Oteo, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Elisa Cordero, Carlota Gudiol, Javier Sánchez-Céspedes, Jordi Carratalà
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Factors Moderating the Association Between Preterm Birth and Low School Readiness—Reply
Authors: Deepak Louis, Chelsea Ruth, Allan Garland
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Effect of a Virtual Reality Environment Using a Domed Ceiling Screen on Procedural Pain During Intravenous Placement in Young Children
Authors: Ha Ni Lee, Joong Wan Park, Soyun Hwang, Jae Yun Jung, Do Kyun Kim, Young Ho Kwak, Eui Jun Lee
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

Distraction using virtual reality (VR) has been found to provide a clinically significant reduction in the experience of pain during various painful procedures. Commercially available VR systems usually require the user to wear a head-mounted display helmet, which can be challenging for young children, and whether VR can reduce pain during intravenous (IV) placement in young children is currently unknown.To determine whether a VR environment using a novel domed ceiling screen reduces distress among children over the course of IV placement compared with standard care in a pediatric emergency department.This randomized clinical trial was conducted from June 3, 2020, to February 8, 2021, at an urban tertiary academic children's hospital. Included were children aged 6 months to 4 years undergoing IV placement in the pediatric emergency department.Children in the intervention group lay on a bed to experience a VR animation using a domed ceiling screen during the IV placement procedure, which was performed as usual. Children in the control group also lay on a bed during the procedure but did not view a VR animation.The primary outcome was pain scores measured using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scale at 4 time points during IV placement: immediately after the child lay down on the bed (T1), the moment the tourniquet was applied (T2), the moment a sterile alcohol swab was applied (T3), and the moment the needle penetrated the skin (T4).Of the 88 children included in the final analysis, 44 received VR distraction (median [IQR] age, 24.0 [14.5-44.0] months; 27 boys [61.4%]), and 44 received standard care (median [IQR] age, 23.0 [15.0-40.0] months; 26 boys [59.1%]). The median [IQR] FLACC scores at T4 were 6.0 (1.8-7.5) in the intervention group and 7.0 (5.5-7.8) in the control group. The ordinal logistic regression model showed that children in the VR intervention group vs the control group had a lower probability of higher FLACC scores (odds ratio, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.28-0.99; P = .046).The findings of this trial indicate that displaying VR using a domed ceiling screen may be an effective distraction method that reduces distress in young children undergoing IV placement.isrctn.org Identifier: KCT0005122.
Why do people <i>create</i> imaginary worlds? The case of Fanfiction
Authors: Bárbara Rodríguez-Fuentes, José Luis Ulloa
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract Dubourg and Baurmard ask why people consume fiction with imaginary worlds. We extend this inquiry to ask why people engage in creating imaginary worlds. In Fanfiction, the writing of fiction by fans involves both an immersive creative experience and a very interactive community that may explain the high (social) engagement of people with Fanfiction.
Measles, Mumps, Rubella Vaccine (PRIORIX): Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2022
Authors: Elisabeth Krow-Lucal, Mona Marin, Leah Shepersky, Lynn Bahta, Jamie Loehr, Kathleen Dooling
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2022)

Vaccination is the main means for preventing measles, mumps, and rubella virus infections and their related complications (1,2). Achieving and maintaining high 2-dose measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination coverage in the United States has led to elimination of endemic measles in 2000, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in 2004, and a sharp decrease in mumps cases. However, measles and rubella remain endemic in many countries, leading to importations of cases and occasional local transmission within the United States (3). Reported U.S. mumps cases declined >99% from the prevaccine period (4); however, mumps is endemic worldwide, and since 2006, the number of mumps cases and mumps outbreaks has increased in the United States, with wider geographic spread since 2016 (4). Given the risk for importation of measles and rubella and the resurgence of mumps, maintaining high measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination coverage is important. Since 1978, only one MMR vaccine, M-M-R II (Merck and Co., Inc.), has been available in the United States. On June 6, 2022, the Food and Drug Administration approved a second MMR vaccine, PRIORIX (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals), for the prevention of measles, mumps, and rubella in persons aged ≥12 months. The three live attenuated viruses contained in PRIORIX are genetically similar or identical to the corresponding components in M-M-R II (Table) (5-7). On June 23, 2022, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) unanimously recommended PRIORIX as an option to prevent measles, mumps, and rubella according to the existing recommended schedules and for off-label uses (i.e., indications not included in the package insert)* (1,2). ACIP considered PRIORIX to be safe, immunogenic, and noninferior to M-M-R II. Both PRIORIX and M-M-R II are fully interchangeable for all indications for which MMR vaccination is recommended. This report contains ACIP recommendations specific to PRIORIX and supplements the existing ACIP recommendations for MMR use (1,2).
Re: Wei Shen Tan, Aaron Prendergast, Charlotte Ackerman, et al. Adjuvant Intravesical Chemohyperthermia Versus Passive Chemotherapy in Patients with Intermediate-risk Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (HIVEC-II): A Phase 2, Open-label, Randomised Controlled Trial. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2022.08.003
Authors: Suman Sahoo, Abhishek Pandey, Swarnendu Mandal, Manoj Kumar Das, Prasant Nayak
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Effect of Medication Optimization vs Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Among US Veterans With Chronic Low Back Pain Receiving Long-term Opioid Therapy
Authors: Michael A. Bushey, James E. Slaven, Samantha D. Outcalt, Kurt Kroenke, Carol Kempf, Amanda Froman, Christy Sargent, Brad Baecher, Alan J. Zillich, Teresa M. Damush, Chandan Saha, Dustin D. French, Matthew J. Bair
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Medication management and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are commonly used treatments for chronic low back pain (CLBP). However, little evidence is available comparing the effectiveness of these approaches.To compare collaborative care medication optimization vs CBT on pain intensity, interference, and other pain-related outcomes.The Care Management for the Effective Use of Opioids (CAMEO) trial was a 12-month, comparative effectiveness randomized clinical trial with blinded outcome assessment. Recruitment of veterans with CLBP prescribed long-term opioids occurred at 7 Veterans Affairs primary care clinics from September 1, 2011, to December 31, 2014, and follow-up was completed December 31, 2015. Analyses were based on intention to treat in all randomized participants and were performed from March 22, 2015, to November 1, 2021.Patients were randomized to receive either collaborative care with nurse care manager-delivered medication optimization (MED group) (n = 131) or psychologist-delivered CBT (CBT group) (n = 130) for 6 months, with check-in visits at 9 months and final outcome assessment at 12 months.The primary outcome was change in Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) total score, a composite of the pain intensity and interference subscales at 6 (treatment completion) and 12 (follow-up completion) months. Scores on the BPI range from 0 to 10, with higher scores representing greater pain impact and a 30% improvement considered a clinically meaningful treatment response. Secondary outcomes included pain-related disability, pain catastrophizing, self-reported substance misuse, health-related quality of life, depression, and anxiety.A total of 261 patients (241 [92.3%] men; mean [SD] age, 57.9 [9.5] years) were randomized and included in the analysis. Baseline mean (SD) BPI scores in the MED and CBT groups were 6.45 (1.79) and 6.49 (1.67), respectively. Improvements in BPI scores were significantly greater in the MED group at 12 months (between-group difference, -0.54 [95% CI, -1.18 to -0.31]; P = .04) but not at 6 months (between-group difference, -0.46 [95% CI, -0.94 to 0.11]; P = .07). Secondary outcomes did not differ significantly between treatment groups.In this randomized clinical trial among US veterans with CLBP who were prescribed long-term opioid therapy, collaborative care medication optimization was modestly more effective than CBT in reducing pain impact during the 12-month study. However, this difference may not be clinically meaningful or generalize to nonveteran populations.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01236521.
Imaginary worlds are <i>awesome</i>: Awe provides a key to understanding the individual and social functions of imaginary worlds
Authors: Sean P Goldy, Paul K Piff
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract Awe arises when one experiences something so extraordinary that it defies current understanding, prompting efforts to comprehend the initially incomprehensible. We situate awe within Dubourg and Baumard's framework for the prevalence and psychological underpinnings of imaginary worlds. We argue that imaginary worlds are powerful catalysts of awe, which, in turn, drive important individual and social outcomes.
Effect of beta‐blocker therapy on the response to mavacamten in patients with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Matthew T. Wheeler, Daniel Jacoby, Perry M. Elliott, Sara Saberi, Sheila M. Hegde, Neal K. Lakdawala, Jonathan Myers, Amy J. Sehnert, Jay M. Edelberg, Wanying Li, Iacopo Olivotto
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2022)

In the EXPLORER-HCM trial, mavacamten improved exercise capacity and symptoms in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM). Mavacamten effects on the primary endpoint, a composite of peak oxygen consumption (VO2 ) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, were greater in patients not receiving background beta-blockers than in those receiving beta-blockers. We sought to determine if the effect of background treatment was consistent across other clinically meaningful parameters.Subgroup analyses by beta-blocker use were performed in patients with oHCM from the EXPLORER-HCM and mavacamten long-term extension (MAVA-LTE) studies. In EXPLORER-HCM, 189 patients (75.3%) were receiving beta-blockers, and 62 (24.7%) were receiving non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers or no background HCM medication; 170 patients (90.4%) receiving beta-blockers had chronotropic incompetence. Improvements in peak VO2 at week 30 with mavacamten versus placebo were lower with beta-blockers (mean difference [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.04 [0.12, 1.95] ml/kg/min) than without beta-blockers (mean difference [95% CI]: 2.69 [1.29, 4.09] ml/kg/min); improvements in non-heart rate-dependent parameters (VE /VCO2 slope) appeared unaffected by beta-blockers. Improvements in functional capacity parameters at week 30 with mavacamten versus placebo were independent of beta-blockade for post-exercise left ventricular outflow tract gradient (mean difference [95% CI]: -37.9 [-48.0, -27.9] mmHg with beta-blockers; -33.5 [-53.6, -13.3] mmHg without beta-blockers), proportion of patients with reduction of ≥1 NYHA class, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire clinical summary scores and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. Mavacamten benefits were reproduced and maintained in MAVA-LTE regardless of beta-blockade.Mavacamten improved measures of functional capacity, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, symptom burden and biomarkers in patients with HCM regardless of beta-blocker use. Beta-blocker use was often associated with chronotropic incompetence, affecting peak VO2 and other heart rate-dependent measures, but had minimal impact on heart rate-independent measures.
Does progressive aphantasia exist? The hypothetical role of aphantasia in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Emilia J. Sitek, Seweryna Konieczna
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract Aphantasia is a heterogeneous neuropsychological syndrome consisting of the inability to create mental images. We argue that its progressive form may be a harbinger of dementia. Aphantasia may manifest as the inability to create any mental images or to create complex scenes, inability to spontaneously initiate generation of mental images, and/or inability to visualize a sequence of events.
Exploration and arrangement in physical and social worlds
Authors: Keith Oatley
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract Fiction involves exploring imaginative arrangements of places and characters: elements that can be recognized by readers. In childhood, exploration occurs from a safe home base of a caregiver; fiction enables a comparable basis. Physical elements in fiction are settings. More important are social explorations: transactions with characters that can include transformation. This is illustrated by Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
“Never Land”: Where do imaginary worlds come from?
Authors: Sue Llewellyn
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract We assume “Imaginary worlds” to be unreal and unfamiliar: high fantasy. I argue they are real and familiar to authors because they comprise memory elements, which blend experience, knowledge, beliefs and pre-occupations. These “bits and pieces” from memories can generate a world, which readers experience as pure imagination. I illustrate using J.M. Barrie's “Never Land” and J.R.R. Tolkien's “Middle-Earth.”
Imagining our moral values in the present and future
Authors: Jordan Wylie, Alix Alto, Ana Gantman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract Imaginary worlds allow us to safely develop, crystallize, and criticize our moral values – at times even serving as catalysts for change in the real world. Fans of imaginary worlds sometimes form groups to advocate for social change in the real world, and it is part of Leftist ideology to imagine radically different, possible futures aligned around shared moral values.
It's not fiction if you believe it: How imaginary worlds are derived from imaginary realities
Authors: Jeffrey Jensen Arnett
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract Imaginary worlds are not a consequence of humans' exploratory tendencies as argued in the target article but a recent spinoff of a strong human tendency to create imaginary realities , that is, versions of how the world works that are fabricated (although we believe they are real) in order to allow us to believe we understand it and can control it.
A Good Catch
Authors: Oscar F. Lovelace, Debra Malina, Mark A. Pacult
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

In this documentary video, neurosurgery resident Mark Pacult reflects on the lessons he learned during a medical school rotation in the small town of Prosperity, South Carolina, about the medicine that occurs outside the office setting and the importance of genuine, trusting, longitudinal relationships with patients. Working with family medicine physician Oscar Lovelace, Jr., Dr. Pacult came to understand the value of long-term patient–physician relationships. He laments the fact that a growing focus on advances in health care delivery and technologies has overshadowed these vital connections. This video is based on a Graphic Perspective by Mark A. Pacult (The Catfish King, in the March 10, 2022, issue).
Why imaginary worlds? The role of self-exploration within online gaming worlds
Authors: Kim Szolin, Mark D Griffiths
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Dubourg and Baumard posited that preferences for exploration are the key to the popularity in imaginary worlds. This commentary argues that other forms of exploration may also account for the success and appeal of specific types of imaginary worlds, namely self-exploration within interactive imaginary worlds such as videogames.