tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of methodological standards in diagnostic test research. Getting better but still not good
Authors: M. C. Reid
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the frequency and temporal changes in application of seven accepted methodological standards for the evaluation of diagnostic tests. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —A search of the MEDLINE database yielded 1302 articles about diagnostic test studies, during a 16-year secular interval, 1978 through 1993, in four prominent general medical journals. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —In the 112 eligible studies, the test was intended for clinical use, indexes of accuracy (sensitivity and specificity or likelihood ratios) were provided, and more than 10 patients were enrolled. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Although each study was critically reviewed by one primary observer, a subset was independently evaluated for interrater consistency. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —The percentage of studies that fulfilled criteria for each of the seven methodological standards are as follows: (1) specify spectrum of evaluated patients, 27%; (2) report test indexes for clinical subgroups, 8%; (3) avoid workup bias, 46%; (4) avoid review bias, 38%; (5) provide numerical precision for test indexes, 11%; (6) report frequency and management of indeterminate results when calculating test indexes, 22%; and (7) specify test reproducibility, 23%. Secular increases were found for six of the seven standards in ranges of use from 14% to 31% during 1978-1981 to 1990-1993. Nevertheless, only one standard, avoidance of workup bias, was fulfilled by more than 50% of studies in the most recent secular interval. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —These results indicate that most diagnostic tests are still inadequately appraised. The routine demand for methodological standards could raise the quality of diagnostic test information, and the careful predissemination evaluation of diagnostic tests could eliminate useless tests before they receive widespread application. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:645-651)
Somatization and Medicalization
Authors: Leigh Dolin
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —While Drs Barsky and Borus<sup>1</sup>make a number of pointed observations about somatizing patients, they ultimately succumb to the same process of "medicalization" they criticize. Their pejorative comments about somatization "defined as the propensity to experience and report somatic symptoms that have no pathophysiological explanation" are just another kind of labeling, no better than the diagnoses that patients seek to legitimize their suffering. It's true that physicians are trained to think in terms of diagnoses and that reimbursement systems cannot function without diagnosis codes.<sup>2</sup>But we need to understand that patients, whatever label physicians pin on them, most of all want to feel better. It's time to stop basing treatment on labels ("somatizer," "lung cancer," "tension headache") and start basing therapy on making "connexions," ie, first understanding what the illness means to the patient.<sup>3</sup> The primary goal of clinicians should be to keep patients
Longstanding depression, but not recovery from depression, predicts mortality in old people
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Adverse prenatal and perinatal factors are associated with schizophrenia of early onsetIn order to investigate the role of prenatal and perinatal risk factors in the development of schizophrenia and affective and reactive psychosis in early adult life, Hultman et al (p 421) carried out three population based, case-control studies using the Swedish birth and inpatient registries.Adverse prenatal and perinatal factors were more common in patients with schizophrenia than in controls and seemed more important in the aetiology of early onset schizophrenia than in affective and reactive psychosis.Multiparity, bleeding during pregnancy, and small size for gestational age were associated with a threefold to fourfold increased risk for schizophrenia among males.The authors conclude that the mechanism underlying the increased risk remains unknown but ischaemic brain damage secondary to placental insufficiency is one possibility.
The Census of Hallucinations.
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
STDs: to clap, add leak, coolant, and bore
Authors: W. P. Handwerker
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Fleisher et al<sup>1</sup>recently pointed out that a generic question inadequately assesses a prior history of STDs because people may not recognize that a specific disease is sexually transmitted. The communication issue they identify may be more complex in specific cultures or subcultures. People may apply alternative, ethnomedical labels to diseases they don't recognize as sexually transmitted but which biomedicine does. They also may apply ethnomedical labels to STDs without recognizing equivalence between ethnomedical and biomedical labels. For example, research undertaken during 1989 through 1991 revealed that people on the West Indian islands of Barbados and St Lucia use a variety of labels for illnesses that biomedical practice recognizes as STDs. Some are identical to biomedical labels, like syphilis, herpes, gonorrhea, and chlamydia. Other labels, like "clap," "leak," "coolant," and "bore," apply to symptoms commonly produced by STDs. Some people comment that labels like clap
Running
Authors: John D. Cantwell
Journal: JAMA (1978)

RUNNING is popular these days. CBS refused to preempt a special on marathon running to make way for President Carter's speech on the Panama Canal; the same week, a book on running climbed to the top of the list of nonfiction best sellers. In Atlanta, 6,000 people ran 10 km down Peachtree Street in 31<sup>°</sup>C weather (last July 4), participating with Olympians Lasse Viren and Frank Shorter. It is estimated that 25 million Americans, approximately 10% of the population, run on a regular basis. I started running years ago as a freshman medical student at Northwestern University in Chicago. I would find relief from the pressures of anatomy classes by running on the outdoor track adjacent to the school. The track was the scene of my greatest athletic triumph, the place where I broke the world record for the onemile run. It happened this way. To keep my
Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients: a systematic review
Authors: M Munafò, N Rigotti, T Lancaster, L Stead, M Murphy
Journal: Thorax (2001)

BACKGROUND An admission to hospital provides an opportunity to help people stop smoking. Individuals may be more open to help at a time of perceived vulnerability, and may find it easier to quit in an environment where smoking is restricted or prohibited. Providing smoking cessation services during hospitalisation may help more people to attempt and sustain an attempt to quit. The purpose of this paper is to systematically review the effectiveness of interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients. METHODS We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group register, CINAHL, and the Smoking and Health database for studies of interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients. Randomised and quasi-randomised trials of behavioural, pharmacological, or multi-component interventions to help patients stop smoking conducted with hospitalised patients who were current smokers or recent quitters were included. Studies of patients admitted for psychiatric disorders or substance abuse, those that did not report abstinence rates, and those with follow up of less than 6 months were excluded. Two of the authors extracted data independently for each paper, with assistance from others. RESULTS Intensive intervention (inpatient contact plus follow up for at least 1 month) was associated with a significantly higher cessation rate compared with controls (Peto odds ratio (OR) 1.82, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.22). Any contact during hospitalisation followed by minimal follow up failed to detect a statistically significant effect on cessation rate, but did not rule out a 30% increase in smoking cessation (Peto OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.31). There was insufficient evidence to judge the effect of interventions delivered only during the hospital stay. Although the interventions increased quit rates irrespective of whether nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) was used, the results for NRT were compatible with other data indicating that it increases quit rates. There was no strong evidence that clinical diagnosis affected the likelihood of quitting. CONCLUSIONS High intensity behavioural interventions that include at least 1 month of follow up contact are effective in promoting smoking cessation in hospitalised patients.
Adult Hearing Loss
Authors: Sharon Parmet, Cassio Lynm, Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Adult Hearing Loss Hearing loss is a common problem among older individuals.Approximately 25% to 40% of adults older than 65 years have some degree of hearing loss, and it is estimated that 40% to 66% of people 75 years or older have hearing loss.Hearing loss is the third most common chronic health condition among older Americans after high blood pressure and arthritis.The July 4, 2007, issue of JAMA includes an article about hearing loss caused by a particular kind of tumor.This Patient Page is based on one previously published in the April 16, 2003, issue of JAMA.
期刊一览
Authors: Jean Shaw, John Kerrison
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)

Wittig-Silva (p. 812) 等人对进展性圆锥角膜行角膜胶原交联术后3年的临床结果进行分析,评价其屈光状态、角膜地形图及临床症状。该前瞻性、随机、对照试验中,研究人员发现CXL组46眼持续改善。相比之下,对照组48眼表现为疾病的进展。主要评价指标为最大角膜曲率数值(Kmax);其他评价指标包括未矫正视力(UCVA)及最佳戴镜矫正视力(BSCVA)。术后第3年,对照组Kmax平均增加1.75 ± 0.38 D ,而治疗组平均下降-1.03 ± 0.19 D。对照组UCVA平均变化为+0.10 ± 0.06 logMAR;治疗组中UCVA及BSCVA均分别提高-0.15 ± 0.06 及 -0.09 ± 0.03 logMAR。
THE CURABILITY OF LEPROSY.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Cardiovascular Disease in the Hemophilia Population
Authors: Suman L. Sood, Dunlei Cheng, Margaret V Ragni, Craig M. Kessler, Doris Quon, Amy D Shapiro, Nigel S. Key, Marilyn J. Manco-Johnson, Adam Cuker, Christine Kempton, Tzu-Fei Wang, M. Elaine Eyster, Philip Kuriakose, Annette von Drygalski, Joan Cox Gill, Allison Paroskie, Peter A. Kouides, Miguel Antonio Escobar, Cindy A. Leissinger, Sarah Galdzicka, Diane Aschman, Barbara Konkle
Journal: Blood (2015)
The National Children’s Study: A Critical National Investment
Authors: Leonardo Trasande, Philip J. Landrigan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

The NCS has benefited from strong and bipartisan leadership in Congress and from the support of a broad-based coalition that includes the American Academy of Pediatrics, the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, the American Chemistry Council, the Learning Disabilities Association, and the March of Dimes.But still it is in dire fiscal peril.The NCS represents an extraordinary
CHANGING CONCEPTS OF SUICIDE
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THORNWALDT'S DISEASE AND CHOREA
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Distinct evolution paterns in acute viral hepatitis Irma E. Caideron Lozano, Jose A. del Camco Abadiano, Francisco A. Cuellar Mendez, Enrique Alcorta Garza, Linda E. Muñoz Espinosa. Liver Unit, School of Medicine and “Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez” Universitary Hospital, Autonomus University of Nuevo Leon
Journal: Hepatology (1994)
BRONCHIAL WALL BIOPSY IN SARCOIDOSIS
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DRINK AND HARD TIMES.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Producers of videodisc programs strive to expand patient's role in medical decision-making process
Authors: T. Randall
Journal: JAMA (1993)

GROUNDED in the belief that patients should be coequal partners in medical decision making, a group of investigators is developing interactive video programs to help patients understand their medical condition and the benefits and harms of treatment alternatives. Five such programs, developed by the nonprofit Foundation for Informed Medical Decision Making, Hanover, NH, are now available to physicians. Two deal with breast cancer (specifically addressing choice of surgery and need for adjuvant therapy). The others deal with benign prostatic hyperplasia, mild hypertension, and lower-back pain. The more than 1000 patients who have used the benign prostatic hypertrophy program since its introduction in 1989 have been far more likely than surgeons to choose watchful waiting. The other four videos were introduced last fall (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:1046-1051). The foundation was created by Albert G. Mulley, Jr, MD, MPP, associate professor of medicine, Harvard Medical School and chief, General Internal Medicine Unit, Massachusetts General
An Illustrated Encyclopædic Medical Dictionary:
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reply: Effect of a Chemically Defined Diet in Liquid Form on Colon Carcinogenesis in Rats
Authors: Masaharu Tatsuta, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Journal Article Reply: Effect of a Chemically Defined Diet in Liquid Form on Colon Carcinogenesis in Rats Get access Masaharu Tatsuta, M.D. Masaharu Tatsuta, M.D. Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, 3-3, Nakamichi 1-chome, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 77, Issue 2, August 1986, Pages 590–591, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/77.2.590-a Published: 01 August 1986