tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brain Nocardiosis Defined by 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT
Authors: Ana María García Vicente, Edel Noriega Álvarez, Jose Carlos González Rodríguez, Ángel María Soriano Castrejón
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Nocardia infection (nocardiosis) is usually acquired by inhalation; so pulmonary nocardiosis is the most common clinical presentation. Extrapulmonary localization occurs through hematogenous dissemination or contiguous spread. Nocardia can involve the central nervous system in a very reduced number of patients, mainly in immunocompromised. We present a case of a 56-year-old woman with a history of aggressive systemic mastocytosis, treated with chemotherapy 1 year ago. Patient reported intense headache, disorientation, and blurry vision without other symptoms being diagnosed with a rare brain nocardiosis by Nocardia cerradoensis . Neither bacteremia nor pulmonary involvement was detected. Brain PET/CT illustrated 18 F-fluorocholine avidity on brain abscesses.
Novel Depiction of Collateral Flow in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Using 4D Dynamic 82Rb PET/CT
Authors: James T. Dixon, Frank P. DiFilippo, Rahul D. Renapurkar, Steve S. Huang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

CT pulmonary angiogram and ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy are the 2 primary imaging modalities for evaluating patients with CTEPH (chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension). PET/CT and MRI currently have a limited role in the evaluation of acute or chronic pulmonary embolism. We present incidentally captured dynamic pulmonary perfusion images in a patient with history of CTEPH who underwent 82 Rb myocardial perfusion PET/CT for evaluation of chest pain. Analysis of the PET data revealed delayed perfusion of the affected lobes suggesting collateralization, highlighting a potentially new imaging paradigm for assessment of pulmonary perfusion.
Abdominopelvic Hemangiopericytoma Mimicking Neuroendocrine Tumor on 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT
Authors: Sneha Prakash, Shamim Ahmed Shamim, Sameer Rastogi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

We present the case of a 60-year-old man who was being evaluated for 2 intra-abdominal masses. The masses were tracer avid on 68 Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT and were suggestive of neuroendocrine tumor. Histopathology, however, confirmed the masses to be hemangiopericytoma. Hemangiopericytoma comes under the umbrella of solitary fibrous tumors, a rare tumor group arising from the mesenchymal cells. Solitary fibrous tumors commonly arise from the pleura but can occur anywhere in the body. Intra-abdominal hemangiopericytoma are extremely rare and should be kept in mind as one of the differential diagnoses for 68 Ga-DOTA peptide-avid tumors.
Hypermetabolic Broad Ligament Leiomyoma in Postmenopausal Women Mimicking Ovarian Tumors on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Meixi Liu, Peipei Wang, Li Huo, Wuying Cheng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Extrauterine leiomyomas are rare and often occur in broad ligament or fallopian tube. Diagnosis of broad ligament leiomyoma is challenging for its solid nature and special location. Leiomyomas typically exhibit mild FDG uptake, especially in postmenopausal woman. We here reported a 57-year-old postmenopausal woman with intense FDG-avid broad ligament leiomyoma on 18 F-FDG PET/CT, which might be misdiagnosed as ovarian tumor.
18F-Choline Versus 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT Imaging Comparison in Incidental Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Luca Urso, Giovanni Christian Rocca, Licia Uccelli, Carmelo Ippolito, Mirco Bartolomei
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Few articles in literature describe the potential usefulness of 18 F-choline PET/CT and particularly 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in imaging of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We report a unique comparison in literature between the 2 radiotracers in a patient who underwent left nephrectomy with diagnosis of ccRCC, grade 3. 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT confirmed its emerging role in imaging ccRCC, as the incidentally detected renal neoplasm showed a significant higher uptake in comparison to 18 F-choline PET/CT, inducing surgical indication.
Clinical Impact of SPECT/CT in Evaluation of Abdominothoracic Fistula
Authors: Seo Young Kang, Byung Seok Moon, Min Young Yoo, Hai-Jeon Yoon, Bom Sahn Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abdominothoracic fistula is rarely observed but can be life-threatening. Pleuroperitoneal communication, known to occur in 1.6% of all patients who undergo continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, is an uncommon but well-recognized complication. The most common symptoms are dyspnea and right-sided pleural effusion. A biliopleural fistula is well-described as a complication of radiofrequency ablation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of hepatic lesions. It is important to diagnose the cause of pleural effusion early for proper treatment because if the abdominothoracic fistula effusion amount is not large, appropriate diagnosis may be difficult. Here, we introduce 2 cases showing the usefulness of SPECT/CT in evaluating pleuroperitoneal and biliopleural fistulas.
Functional Imaging Evidence of Tumor Response to High-Specific-Activity 131I-MIBG Therapy in an 84-Year-Old Patient With Metastatic Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma
Authors: Camilo Jimenez, Yang Lu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract An 84-year-old man with history of metastatic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (mPPGL) received surgery 13 years ago, with recent biopsy-proven mPPGL in the T11. 123 I-MIBG scan showed MIBG-avid liver and osseous. Given his medical condition and body habitus (weight, 45 kg; height, 140 cm), the patient was treated with high-specific-activity 131 I-MIBG (Azedra) 300 mCi ×2. He tolerated the medication and was totally asymptomatic. Series 123 I-MIBG scan showed good responses till 22 months after the first treatment at the last visit. This is probably the oldest and smallest adult mPPGL patient treated with Azedra and with prolonged good response.
FDG PET/CT in a Case of Lung Adenocarcinoma With Diffuse Cavitary Intrapulmonary Metastases
Authors: Jia Guo, Zhongjian Liao, Aisheng Dong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract We describe FDG PET/CT findings in a case of lung adenocarcinoma with diffuse cavitary intrapulmonary metastases at initial diagnosis. High-resolution CT of the chest showed the primary solid tumor in the right upper lobe and numerous cavitating metastases ranging from a few millimeters to 1 cm in the bilateral lungs. FDG PET/CT showed intense activity of the primary tumor, diffuse activity of the lung metastases, and hypermetabolic metastases in the mediastinal lymph nodes and bones. Familiarity with this atypical intrapulmonary metastatic pattern of lung cancer may be helpful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
Phase I Study of the Liposomal Formulation of Eribulin (E7389-LF): Results from the Advanced Gastric Cancer Expansion Cohort
Authors: Kohei Shitara, Motohiro Hirao, Satoru Iwasa, Takashi Oshima, Yoshito Komatsu, Akihito Kawazoe, Yasuyoshi Sato, Takuya Hamakawa, Kan Yonemori, Nozomu Machida, Satoshi Yuki, Takuya Suzuki, Shiori Okumura, Takao Takase, Taro Semba, Bob Zimmermann, Angela Teng, Kensei Yamaguchi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

Abstract Purpose: In the dose-expansion part of this open-label, phase I study, we explored the efficacy and safety of E7389-LF (liposomal formulation of eribulin) in Japanese patients with advanced gastric cancer. Patients and Methods: Patients with advanced gastric cancer who had been previously treated with ≥2 lines of chemotherapy received E7389-LF 2.0 mg/m2 every 3 weeks (the previously determined maximum tolerated dose, the primary objective of Study 114). Secondary objectives included objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and safety; exploratory objectives included disease control rate (DCR) and clinical benefit rate (CBR), as well as pharmacodynamic measurements of serum biomarkers. Results: As of June 24, 2021, 34 patients were enrolled and treated (10 from the original dose-expansion cohort, expanded to include 24 additional patients). Six patients had partial responses, for an ORR of 17.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 6.8–34.5], and the median PFS was 3.7 months (95% CI, 2.7–4.8). The DCR was 79.4% (95% CI, 62.1–91.3), and the CBR was 32.4% (95% CI, 17.4–50.5). Overall, 32 patients (94.1%) experienced treatment-related adverse events, and 26 patients (76.5%) experienced grade ≥3 events, most commonly neutropenia (41.2%) and leukopenia (29.4%). Of the 8 endothelial cell/vasculature markers tested in this study, 7 were significantly increased among patients treated with E7389-LF; these changes were generally consistent regardless of best overall response. Conclusions: E7389-LF 2.0 mg/m2 every 3 weeks was tolerable and showed preliminary activity for the treatment of patients with gastric cancer.
Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcomes of Patients From Sex and Gender Minority Groups
Authors: Erik Eckhert, Olivia Lansinger, Victor Ritter, Mina Liu, Summer Han, Lidia Schapira, Esther M. John, Scarlett Gomez, George Sledge, Allison W. Kurian
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

Importance Sexual orientation and gender identity data are not collected by most hospitals or cancer registries; thus, little is known about the quality of breast cancer treatment for patients from sex and gender minority (SGM) groups. Objective To evaluate the quality of breast cancer treatment and recurrence outcomes for patients from SGM groups compared with cisgender heterosexual patients. Design, Setting, and Participants Exposure-matched retrospective case-control study of 92 patients from SGM groups treated at an academic medical center from January 1, 2008, to January 1, 2022, matched to cisgender heterosexual patients with breast cancer by year of diagnosis, age, tumor stage, estrogen receptor status, and ERBB2 (HER2) status. Main Outcomes and Measures Patient demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as treatment quality, as measured by missed guideline-based breast cancer screening, appropriate referral for genetic counseling and testing, mastectomy vs lumpectomy, receipt of chest reconstruction, adjuvant radiation therapy after lumpectomy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy for stage III disease, antiestrogen therapy for at least 5 years for estrogen receptor–positive disease, ERBB2-directed therapy for ERBB2-positive disease, patient refusal of an oncologist-recommended treatment, time from symptom onset to tissue diagnosis, time from diagnosis to first treatment, and time from breast cancer diagnosis to first recurrence. Results were adjusted for multiple hypothesis testing. Compared with cisgender heterosexual patients, those from SGM groups were hypothesized to have disparities in 1 or more of these quality metrics. Results Ninety-two patients from SGM groups were matched to 92 cisgender heterosexual patients (n = 184). The median age at diagnosis for all patients was 49 years (IQR, 43-56 years); 74 were lesbian (80%), 12 were bisexual (13%), and 6 were transgender (6%). Compared with cisgender heterosexual patients, those from SGM groups experienced a delay in time from symptom onset to diagnosis (median time to diagnosis, 34 vs 64 days; multivariable adjusted hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.42-0.99; P = .04), were more likely to decline an oncologist-recommended treatment modality (35 [38%] vs 18 [20%]; multivariable adjusted odds ratio, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.09-4.74; P = .03), and were more likely to experience a breast cancer recurrence (multivariable adjusted hazard ratio, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.56-6.03; P = .001). Conclusions and Relevance This study found that among patients with breast cancer, those from SGM groups experienced delayed diagnosis, with faster recurrence at a 3-fold higher rate compared with cisgender heterosexual patients. These results suggest disparities in the care of patients from SGM groups and warrant further study to inform interventions.
Early Life Environmental Exposure to Cadmium, Lead, and Arsenic and Age at Menarche: A Longitudinal Mother–Child Cohort Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Annachiara Malin Igra, Anisur Rahman, Anna L.V. Johansson, Jesmin Pervin, Pernilla Svefors, Shams El Arifeen, Marie Vahter, Lars-Åke Persson, Maria Kippler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2023)

Background: Several metals act as endocrine disruptors, but there are few large longitudinal studies about associations with puberty onset. Objectives: We evaluated whether early life cadmium, lead, and arsenic exposure was associated with timing of menarche. Methods: In a mother–child cohort in rural Bangladesh (n=935), the exposure was assessed by concentrations in maternal erythrocytes in early pregnancy and in girls' urine at 5 and 10 years of age using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The girls were interviewed twice, at average ages 13.3 [standard deviation (SD)=0.43] and 13.8 (SD=0.43) y, and the date of menarche, if present, was recorded. Associations were assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariable-adjusted Cox regression. Results: In total, 77% of the girls (n=717) had reached menarche by the second follow-up. The median age of menarche among all girls was 13.0 y (25th–75th percentiles: 12.4–13.7 y). At 10 years of age, median urinary cadmium was 0.25μg/L (5th–95th percentiles: 0.087–0.72μg/L), lead 1.6μg/L (0.70–4.2μg/L), and arsenic 54μg/L (19–395μg/L). Given the same age, girls in the highest quartile of urinary cadmium at 5 and 10 years of age had a lower rate of menarche than girls in the lowest quartile, with an adjusted hazard ratio of (HR) 0.80 (95% CI: 0.62, 1.01) at 5 years of age, and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.98) at 10 years of age. This implies that girls in the highest cadmium exposure quartile during childhood had a higher age at menarche. Comparing girls in the highest to the lowest quartile of urinary lead at 10 years of age, the former had a higher rate of menarche [adjusted HR = 1.23 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.56)], implying lower age at menarche, whereas there was no association with urinary lead at 5 years of age. Girls born to mothers in the highest quartile of erythrocyte arsenic during pregnancy were less likely to have attained menarche than girls born to mothers in the lowest quartile [adjusted HR= 0.79 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.99)]. No association was found with girls' urinary arsenic exposure. Discussion: Long-term childhood cadmium exposure was associated with later menarche, whereas the associations with child lead exposure were inconclusive. Maternal exposure to arsenic, but not cadmium or lead, was associated with later menarche. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11121
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Ibrutinib-Associated Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Benjamin Buck, Aaron P. Chum, Mitkumar Patel, Rebecca Carter, Haseeb Nawaz, Vedat Yildiz, Patrick Ruz, Tracy Wiczer, Kerry A. Rogers, Farrukh T. Awan, Seema Bhat, Avirup Guha, Adam S. Kittai, Orlando P. Simonetti, Subha V. Raman, Grant Wallace, Reynaldo Sanchez, Janice M. Bonsu, John Gambril, Devin Haddad, James Mann, Lai Wei, Onaopepo Kola-Kehinde, John C. Byrd, Jennifer A. Woyach, Daniel Addison
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

Ibrutinib has been associated with serious cardiotoxic arrhythmias. In preclinical models, these events are paralleled or proceeded by diffuse myocardial injury (inflammation and fibrosis). Yet whether this is seen in patients or has implications for future cardiotoxic risk is unknown.
Development and multicenter international validation of a diagnostic tool to differentiate between pemphigoid gestationis and polymorphic eruption of pregnancy
Authors: Fangyi Xie, Dawn Marie R. Davis, Farah Baban, Emma F. Johnson, Regan N. Theiler, Austin Todd, Sara Pruneddu, Jenny E. Murase, Julia-Tatjana Maul, Christina M. Ambros-Rudolph, Julia S. Lehman
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2023)
Rhodojaponin VI indirectly targets Cav2.2 channels via N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein to alleviate neuropathic pain
Authors: Keliang Chen, Tao Wang, Yong Li, Jun Wu, Cheng-Xiao Zhao, Sheng Liu, Fengrun Sun, Yehong Fang, Jiahuan Hu, Jinping Hu, Chong-Jing Zhang, Haibo Yu, Chao Ma, Shi-Shan Yu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2023)

Neuropathic pain is a chronic disease that severely afflicts the life and emotional status of patients, but currently available treatments are often ineffective. Novel therapeutic targets for the alleviation of neuropathic pain are urgently needed. Rhodojaponin VI, a grayanotoxin from Rhododendron molle, showed remarkable antinociceptive efficacy in models of neuropathic pain, but its biotargets and mechanisms are unknown. Given the reversible action of rhodojaponin VI and the narrow range over which its structure can be modified, we perforwmed thermal proteome profiling of the rat dorsal root ganglion to determine the protein target of rhodojaponin VI. N-Ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion (NSF) was confirmed as the key target of rhodojaponin VI through biological and biophysical experiments. Functional validation showed for the first time that NSF facilitated trafficking of the Cav2.2 channel to induce an increase in Ca2+ current intensity, whereas rhodojaponin VI reversed the effects of NSF. In conclusion, rhodojaponin VI represents a unique class of analgesic natural products targeting Cav2.2 channels via NSF.
IDH2 and TET2 mutations synergize to modulate T Follicular Helper cell functional interaction with the AITL microenvironment
Authors: Julie Leca, Franҫois Lemonnier, Cem Meydan, Jonathan Foox, Samah El Ghamrasni, Diana-Laure Mboumba, Gordon S. Duncan, Jerome Fortin, Takashi Sakamoto, Chantal Tobin, Kelsey Hodgson, Jillian Haight, Logan K. Smith, Andrew J. Elia, Daniel Butler, Thorsten Berger, Laurence de Leval, Christopher E. Mason, Ari Melnick, Philippe Gaulard, Tak W. Mak
Journal: Cancer Cell (2023)

Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) is a peripheral T cell lymphoma that originates from T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and exhibits a prominent tumor microenvironment (TME). IDH2 and TET2 mutations co-occur frequently in AITL, but their contribution to tumorigenesis is poorly understood. We developed an AITL mouse model that is driven by Idh2 and Tet2 mutations. Malignant Tfh cells display aberrant transcriptomic and epigenetic programs that impair TCR signaling. Neoplastic Tfh cells bearing combined Idh2 and Tet2 mutations show altered cross-talk with germinal center B cells that promotes B cell clonal expansion while decreasing Fas-FasL interaction and reducing B cell apoptosis. The plasma cell count and angiogenesis are also increased in the Idh2-mutated tumors, implying a major relationship between Idh2 mutation and the characteristic AITL TME. Our mouse model recapitulates several features of human IDH2-mutated AITL and provides a rationale for exploring therapeutic targeting of Tfh-TME cross-talk for AITL patients.
Corrigendum to “A novel regulatory facet for hypertriglyceridemia: The role of microRNAs in the regulation of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein biosynthesis” [Prog Lipid Res. 2023 Jan;89:101197. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101197]
Authors: Masoomeh Khalifeh, Raul D. Santos, Reza KazemiOskuee, Ali Badiee, Seyed Hamid Aghaee-Bakhtiari, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Journal: Progress in Lipid Research (2023)
lncRNA NEAT1: Key player in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Kun Li, Ziqiang Wang
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2023)

Neurodegenerative diseases are the most common causes of disability worldwide. Given their high prevalence, devastating symptoms, and lack of definitive diagnostic tests, there is an urgent need to identify potential biomarkers and new therapeutic targets. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as powerful regulatory molecules in neurodegenerative diseases. Among them, lncRNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) has been reported to be upregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, whether this is part of a protective or harmful mechanism is still unclear. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the role of NEAT1 in neurodegenerative diseases and its association with the characteristic aggregation of misfolded proteins: amyloid-β and tau in AD, α-synuclein in PD, mutant huntingtin in HD, and TAR DNA-binding protein-43 fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma in ALS. The aim of this review is to stimulate further research on more precise and effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
Bevacizumab plus FOLFIRI after failure of platinum–etoposide first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced neuroendocrine carcinoma (PRODIGE 41-BEVANEC): a randomised, multicentre, non-comparative, open-label, phase 2 trial
Authors: Thomas Walter, Astrid Lievre, Romain Coriat, David Malka, Farid Elhajbi, Fréderic Di Fiore, Olivia Hentic, Denis Smith, Vincent Hautefeuille, Guillaume Roquin, Marine Perrier, Laetitia Dahan, Victoire Granger, Iradj Sobhani, Laurent Mineur, Patricia Niccoli, Eric Assenat, Jean-Yves Scoazec, Karine Le Malicot, Côme Lepage, Catherine Lombard-Bohas
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2023)
An analysis of existing national action plans for antimicrobial resistance—gaps and opportunities in strategies optimising antibiotic use in human populations
Authors: Esmita Charani, Marc Mendelson, Scott J C Pallett, Raheelah Ahmad, Mirfin Mpundu, Oluchi Mbamalu, Candice Bonaconsa, Vrinda Nampoothiri, Sanjeev Singh, Nathan Peiffer-Smadja, Vanesa Anton-Vazquez, Luke S P Moore, Jeroen Schouten, Tomislav Kostyanev, Vera Vlahović-Palčevski, Diamantis Kofteridis, Juliana Silva Corrêa, Alison H Holmes
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2023)

At the 2015 World Health Assembly, UN member states adopted a resolution that committed to the development of national action plans (NAPs) for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The political determination to commit to NAPs and the availability of robust governance structures to assure sustainable translation of the identified NAP objectives from policy to practice remain major barriers to progress. Inter-country variability in economic and political resilience and resource constraints could be fundamental barriers to progressing AMR NAPs. Although there have been regional and global analyses of NAPs from a One Health and policy perspective, a global assessment of the NAP objectives targeting antimicrobial use in human populations is needed. In this Health Policy, we report a systematic evidence synthesis of existing NAPs that are aimed at tackling AMR in human populations. We find marked gaps and variability in maturity of NAP development and operationalisation across the domains of: (1) policy and strategic planning; (2) medicines management and prescribing systems; (3) technology for optimised antimicrobial prescribing; (4) context, culture, and behaviours; (5) operational delivery and monitoring; and (6) patient and public engagement and involvement. The gaps identified in these domains highlight opportunities to facilitate sustainable delivery and operationalisation of NAPs. The findings from this analysis can be used at country, regional, and global levels to identify AMR-related priorities that are relevant to infrastructure needs and contexts.
Solidarity Against Ebola: an update
Authors: Udani Samarasekera
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2023)

On Sept 20, 2022, Uganda declared its first outbreak of Ebola virus disease caused by Sudan virus (SUDV; Sudan ebolavirus species) in a decade. The disease spread to nine districts and included the capital city, Kampala. The Ugandan Ministry of Health and partners response included case management, infection prevention and control, risk communication, and safe burials. Vaccination, however, was not a strategy that could be used. Although a vaccine against Ebola virus (Zaire ebolavirus species) was developed and approved following the DR Congo Ebola outbreak (2018–20), no licensed vaccines for SUDV exists.