tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Smoking-attributable mortality in Portugal and its regions in 2019
Authors: J. Rey-Brandariz, S. Ravara, E. López-Vizcaíno, M.I. Santiago-Pérez, A. Ruano-Ravina, C. Candal-Pedreira, L. Varela-Lema, N. Mourino, P. Aguiar, M. Pérez-Ríos
Journal: Pulmonology (2023)

Timely regional-specific estimates of smoking-attributable mortality (SAM) are crucial for healthcare planning and tobacco control advocacy. Currently, this information is lacking in Portugal. The aim of this study was to estimate SAM by region in 2019 among the Portuguese population aged ≥35 years. SAM was estimated using an independent-prevalence method. Observed mortality was obtained from Portugal Statistics; lung cancer mortality rates in smokers and never-smokers from the Cancer Prevention Study I-II and updated relative risks from five contemporary US cohort studies. SAM was estimated for each NUTS-II region by sex, age, and cause of death. Crude SAM rates, sex and age-specific rates, and age-adjusted rates were calculated using the direct method. In 2019, tobacco consumption caused 13,847 deaths, representing 12.3% of total mortality among the Portuguese population aged ≥35 years. Of the total SAM, 71.2% occurred in men and 22.2% in those under 65 years; 42.5% was due to cancer, 35.4% to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and 22.2% to respiratory diseases. SAM greatly varied among regions from 2.1% in Madeira to 36.2% in the North region. In men, cancer was the leading cause of death in all regions, while in women it was cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In Portugal, tobacco-mortality burden is high and varies significantly by region, sex and age. Therefore, estimates disaggregated by sociodemographic data and region may better support decision-makers while tailoring and implementing tobacco control policies addressing health population needs. The apparent lower tobacco burden among women and in some Portuguese regions may dramatically rise in the near future. This and the high SAM in Portugal, particularly in some regions, highlights the need to accelerate tobacco control both at national and regional levels.
Bilateral CT-guided core needle lung biopsy in a lung cancer patient performed in a single interventional diagnostic procedure
Authors: L. Gorospe, M.Á. Gómez-Bermejo, S. Ventura-Díaz, R.M. Mirambeaux-Villalona, A. Caminoa-Lizarralde-Aiza, P. Paredes-Rodríguez
Journal: Pulmonology (2023)
Mimotope peptide modified pompon mum-like magnetic microparticles for precise recognition, capture and biotransformation analysis of rituximab in biological fluids
Authors: Jiawen Yang, Aixuan Zhou, Minyi Li, Qiaoxian He, Jingwei Zhou, Jacques Crommen, Wentao Wang, Zhengjin Jiang, Qiqin Wang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2023)

Due to low immobilized ligand density, limited binding capacity, and severe interference from serum proteins, developing ideal peptide-based biomaterials for precise recognition and in vivo analysis of biopharmaceuticals remains a huge challenge. In this study, mimotope peptide modified pompon mum-like biomimetic magnetic microparticles (MMPs, 3.8 μm) that mimic the specific functionalities of CD20 on malignant B cells were developed for the first time. Benefit from the numerous ligand binding sites (Ni2+) on the pompon mum-like MMPs, these novel materials achieved ≥10 times higher peptide ligand densities (>2300 mg/g) and antibody binding capacities (1380 mg/g) compared to previous reported biomaterials. Leveraging the high specificity of the mimotope peptide, rituximab can be precisely recognized and enriched from cell culture media or serum samples. We also established an LC‒MS/MS method using the MMPs for tracking rituximab biotransformation in patient serum. Intriguingly, deamidation of Asn55 and Asn33, as well as oxidation of Met81 and Met34 were observed at the key complementarity determining regions of rituximab, which could potentially influence antibody function and require careful monitoring. Overall, these versatile biomimetic MMPs demonstrate superior recognition and enrichment capabilities for target antibodies, offering interesting possibilities for biotransformation analysis of biopharmaceuticals in patient serum.
Construction and Mechanism of IL‐15‐Based Coactivated Polymeric Micelles for NK Cell Immunotherapy
Authors: Dongyan Shao, Ting Bai, Bobo Zhu, Xiaojia Guo, Kai Dong, Junling Shi, Qingsheng Huang, Jie Kong
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Natural killer (NK) cells are an important contributor to cancer immunotherapy, but their antitumor efficacy remains suboptimal. While cytokine-based priming shows promise in enhancing NK-cell activity, its clinical translation faces many challenges, including coactivation of multiple cytokines, poor pharmacokinetics, and limited mechanistic understanding. Here, this work develops a polymeric micelle-based IL-15/IL-2 codelivery system (IL-15/2-PEG-PTMC) for NK-cell activation. In vivo studies demonstrate that half-life of IL-15 and IL-2 and the recruitment of NK cell within tumor tissue are significantly increased after PEG-PTMC loading. Coupled with the coactivation effect of IL-15 and IL-2 conferred by this system, it noticeably delays the growth of tumors compared to conventional NK-cell activation approach, that is free IL-15 and IL-2. It is also surprisingly found that cholesterol metabolism is highly involved in the NK cell activation by IL-15/2-PEG-PTMC. Following stimulation with IL-15/2-PEG-PTMC or IL-15, NK cells undergo a series of cholesterol metabolism reprogramming, which elevates the cholesterol levels on NK cell membrane. This in turn promotes the formation of lipid rafts and activates immune synapses, effectively contributing to the enhancement of NK cell's antitumor activity. It is believed that it will open a new avenue for improving the efficacy of NK cell immunotherapy by regulating cholesterol metabolism.
Skin‐Attachable Ink‐Dispenser‐Printed Paper Fluidic Sensor Patch for Colorimetric Sweat Analysis
Authors: Xin Ting Zheng, Wei Peng Goh, Yong Yu, Laura Sutarlie, Der Ying Chen, Sherwin Chong Li Tan, Changyun Jiang, Meng Zhao, Te Ba, Hongying Li, Xiaodi Su, Le Yang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

In situ analysis of sweat biomarkers potentially provides noninvasive lifestyle monitoring and early diagnosis. Quantitative detection of sweat rate is crucial for thermoregulation and preventing heat injuries. Here, a skin-attachable paper fluidic patch is reported for in situ colorimetric sensing of multiple sweat markers (pH, glucose, lactate, and uric acid) with concurrent sweat rate tracking. Two sets of fluidic patterns-multiplexed detection zones and a longitudinal sweat rate channel-are directly printed by an automated ink dispenser from a specially developed ceramic-based ink. The ceramic ink thermal-cures into an impervious barrier, confining sweat within the channels. The ceramic-ink-printed boundary achieves higher pattern resolution, prevents fluid leakage, attains pattern thermal stability, and resistant to organic solvents. The cellulose matrix of the detection zones is modified with nanoparticles to improve the color homogeneity and sweat sensor sensitivity. The sweat rate channel is made moisture sensitive by incorporating a metal-salt-based dye. The change in saturation/color of the detection zones and/or channels upon sweat addition can be visually detected or quantified by a smartphone camera. A cost-effective way is provided to fabricate paper fluidic sensor patches, successfully demonstrating on-body multiplexed evaluation of sweat analytes. Such skin wearables offer on-site analysis, meaningful to an increasingly health-conscious population.
Diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound with artificial intelligence-assisted assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Pouya Motazedian, Jeffrey A. Marbach, Graeme Prosperi-Porta, Simon Parlow, Pietro Di Santo, Omar Abdel-Razek, Richard Jung, William B. Bradford, Miranda Tsang, Michael Hyon, Stefano Pacifici, Sharanya Mohanty, F. Daniel Ramirez, Gordon S. Huggins, Trevor Simard, Stephanie Hon, Benjamin Hibbert
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2023)

Abstract Focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) is becoming standard practice in a wide spectrum of clinical settings. There is limited data evaluating the real-world use of FoCUS with artificial intelligence (AI). Our objective was to determine the accuracy of FoCUS AI-assisted left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) assessment and compare its accuracy between novice and experienced users. In this prospective, multicentre study, participants requiring a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) were recruited to have a FoCUS done by a novice or experienced user. The AI-assisted device calculated LVEF at the bedside, which was subsequently compared to TTE. 449 participants were enrolled with 424 studies included in the final analysis. The overall intraclass coefficient was 0.904, and 0.921 in the novice ( n = 208) and 0.845 in the experienced ( n = 216) cohorts. There was a significant bias of 0.73% towards TTE ( p = 0.005) with a level of agreement of 11.2%. Categorical grading of LVEF severity had excellent agreement to TTE (weighted kappa = 0.83). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.98 for identifying an abnormal LVEF (&lt;50%) with a sensitivity of 92.8%, specificity of 92.3%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.97 and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.83. In identifying severe dysfunction (&lt;30%) the AUC was 0.99 with a sensitivity of 78.1%, specificity of 98.0%, NPV of 0.98 and PPV of 0.76. Here we report that FoCUS AI-assisted LVEF assessments provide highly reproducible LVEF estimations in comparison to formal TTE. This finding was consistent among senior and novice echocardiographers suggesting applicability in a variety of clinical settings.
Re: Pramit Khetrapal, Joanna Kae Ling Wong, Wei Phin Tan, et al. Robot-assisted Radical Cystectomy Versus Open Radical Cystectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Perioperative, Oncological, and Quality of Life Outcomes Using Randomized Controlled Trials. Eur Urol. Eur Urol. 2023;84:393–405
Authors: Quansong Ji, Yunwei Su
Journal: European Urology (2023)
Adiponectin restores the obesity-induced impaired immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stromal cells via glycolytic reprogramming
Authors: Duc-Vinh Pham, Thi-Kem Nguyen, Bao-Loc Nguyen, Jong-Oh Kim, Jee-Heon Jeong, Inho Choi, Pil-Hoon Park
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2023)

Obesity has been known to negatively modulate the life-span and immunosuppressive potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). However, it remains unclear what drives the compromised potency of obese MSC. In this study, we examined the involvement of adiponectin, an adipose tissue-derived hormone, in obesity-induced impaired therapeutic function of MSC. Diet-induced obesity leads to a decrease in serum adiponectin, accompanied by impairment of survival and immunomodulatory effects of adipose-derived MSC (ADSC). Interestingly, priming with globular adiponectin (gAcrp) improved the immunomodulatory potential of obese ADSC. Similar effects were also observed in lean ADSC. In addition, gAcrp potentiated the therapeutic effectiveness of ADSC in a mouse model of DSS-induced colitis. Mechanistically, while obesity inhibited the glycolytic capacity of MSC, gAcrp treatment induced a metabolic shift toward glycolysis through activation of adiponectin receptor type 1/p38 MAPK/hypoxia inducible factor-1
CD1d protects against hepatocyte apoptosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Zhigang Lei, Jiaojiao Yu, Yu Wu, Junyao Shen, Shibo Lin, Weijie Xue, Chenxu Mao, Rui Tang, Haoran Sun, Xin Qi, Xiaohong Wang, Lei Xu, Chuan Wei, Xiaowei Wang, Hongbing Chen, Ping Hao, Wen Yin, Jifeng Zhu, Yalin Li, Yi Wu, Shouguo Liu, Hui Liang, Xiaojun Chen, Chuan Su, Sha Zhou
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2023)

Hepatocyte apoptosis, a well-defined form of cell death in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is considered the primary cause of liver inflammation and fibrosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis in NASH remain largely unclear. We explored the anti-apoptotic effect of hepatocyte CD1d in NASH.
The proteinopenia hypothesis: Loss of Aβ42 and the onset of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Alberto J. Espay, Karl Herrup, Kasper P. Kepp, Timothy Daly
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2023)

The dominant protein-lowering strategy in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has failed to provide a clinically-meaningful treatment for patients. We hypothesize that the loss of functional, soluble Aβ42 during the process of aggregation into amyloid is more detrimental to the brain than the corresponding accrual of insoluble amyloid.
Safety and immunogenicity of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine CS-2034: A randomized, double-blind, dose-exploration, placebo-controlled multicenter Phase I clinical trial in healthy Chinese adults
Authors: Zhili Jin, Jingxuan Wu, Ying Wang, Tao Huang, Kexin Zhao, Jian Liu, Haomeng Wang, Tao Zhu, Jinbo Gou, Haitao Huang, Xiaofang Wu, Hang Yin, Jian Song, Ran Li, Jianxiong Zhang, Lijun Li, Jingcheng Chen, Xiao Li, Meijuan Zhang, JiangShuo Li, Mengyu Hou, Yuqin Song, Bingyan Wang, Qiannan Gao, Le Wu, Yanhong Kong, Ruihua Dong
Journal: Journal of Infection (2023)
Response to Jin and Dobry's “ChatGPT for health care providers and patients: Practical implications within dermatology”
Authors: Melinda Jiang, Stephen Bacchi, Joshua Kovoor, Brandon Stretton, Weng Onn Chan
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2023)

To the Editor: The existence of an objective reality has been questioned.1 Through their experiments with entangled photons, recent discoveries within the quantum world by the Nobel laureates Clauser, Aspect, and Zeilinger have resulted in uncomfortable implications on our understanding of reality.2 This scientific progress highlights that reality is, in many respects, that which we perceive it to be. The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical education may change the lens through which we learn about, and therefore perceive, reality.
2D Nanozymes Modulate Gut Microbiota and T‐Cell Differentiation for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Management
Authors: Kai Jiang, Xiangjing Cao, Haitao Wu, Yifeng Xu, Lulu Liu, Haisheng Qian, Zhaohua Miao, Hua Wang, Yan Ma
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Intestinal commensal microbiota dysbiosis and immune dysfunction are significant exacerbating factors in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To address these problems, Pluronic F‐127‐coated tungsten diselenide (WSe 2 @F127) nanozymes are developed by simple liquid‐phase exfoliation. The abundant valence transitions of elemental selenium (Se 2− /Se 4+ ) and tungsten (W 4+ /W 6+ ) enable the obtained WSe 2 @F127 nanozymes to eliminate reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. In addition, the released tungsten ions are capable of inhibiting the proliferation of Escherichia coli . In a model of dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colitis, WSe 2 @F127 nanozymes modulate the gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of bacteria S24‐7 and significantly reducing the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae. Moreover, WSe 2 @F127 nanozymes inhibit T‐cell differentiation and improve intestinal immune barrier function in a model of Crohn's disease. The WSe 2 @F127 nanozymes effectively alleviate IBD by reducing oxidative stress damage, modulating intestinal microbial populations, and remodeling the immune barrier.
Metabolic tumor volume predicts outcome in patients with advanced stage follicular lymphoma from the RELEVANCE trial
Authors: A.S. Cottereau, L. Rebaud, J. Trotman, P. Feugier, L.J. Nastoupil, E. Bachy, I.W. Flinn, C. Haioun, L. Ysebaert, N.L. Bartlett, H. Tilly, O. Casasnovas, R. Ricci, C. Portugues, I. Buvat, M. Meignan, F. Morschhauser
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2023)
From randomised controlled trials to real-world data: Clinical evidence to guide management of diabetic macular oedema
Authors: Pierre-Henry Gabrielle, Hemal Mehta, Daniel Barthelmes, Vincent Daien, Vuong Nguyen, Mark C. Gillies, Catherine P. Creuzot-Garcher
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2023)

Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) are generally considered the gold-standard for providing scientific evidence for treatments' effectiveness and safety but their findings may not always be generalisable to the broader population treated in routine clinical practice. RCTs include highly selected patient populations that fit specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Although they may have a lower level of certainty than RCTs on the evidence hierarchy, real-world data (RWD), such as observational studies, registries and databases, provide real-world evidence (RWE) that can complement RCTs. For example, RWE may help satisfy requirements for a new indication of an already approved drug and help us better understand long-term treatment effectiveness, safety and patterns of use in clinical practice. Many countries have set up registries, observational studies and databases containing information on patients with retinal diseases, such as diabetic macular oedema (DMO). These DMO RWD have produced significant clinical evidence in the past decade that has changed the management of DMO. RWD and medico-administrative databases are a useful resource to identify low frequency safety signals. They often have long-term follow-up with a large number of patients and minimal exclusion criteria. We will discuss improvements in healthcare information exchange technologies, such as blockchain technology and FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources), which will connect and extend databases already available. These registries can be linked with existing or emerging retinal imaging modalities using artificial intelligence to aid diagnosis, treatment decisions and provide prognostic information. The results of RCTs and RWE are combined to provide evidence-based guidelines.
Dynamic scRNA-seq of live human pancreatic slices reveals functional endocrine cell neogenesis through an intermediate ducto-acinar stage
Authors: Mayur Doke, Silvia Álvarez-Cubela, Dagmar Klein, Isabella Altilio, Joseph Schulz, Luciana Mateus Gonçalves, Joana Almaça, Christopher A. Fraker, Alberto Pugliese, Camillo Ricordi, Mirza M.F. Qadir, Ricardo L. Pastori, Juan Domínguez-Bendala
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2023)

Human pancreatic plasticity is implied from multiple single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) studies. However, these have been invariably based on static datasets from which fate trajectories can only be inferred using pseudotemporal estimations. Furthermore, the analysis of isolated islets has resulted in a drastic underrepresentation of other cell types, hindering our ability to interrogate exocrine-endocrine interactions. The long-term culture of human pancreatic slices (HPSs) has presented the field with an opportunity to dynamically track tissue plasticity at the single-cell level. Combining datasets from same-donor HPSs at different time points, with or without a known regenerative stimulus (BMP signaling), led to integrated single-cell datasets storing true temporal or treatment-dependent information. This integration revealed population shifts consistent with ductal progenitor activation, blurring of ductal/acinar boundaries, formation of ducto-acinar-endocrine differentiation axes, and detection of transitional insulin-producing cells. This study provides the first longitudinal scRNA-seq analysis of whole human pancreatic tissue, confirming its plasticity in a dynamic fashion.
Deletion of adipocyte NOS3 potentiates high-fat diet-induced hypertension and vascular remodelling via chemerin
Authors: Andy W C Man, Yawen Zhou, Gisela Reifenberg, Alica Camp, Thomas Münzel, Andreas Daiber, Ning Xia, Huige Li
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2023)

Obesity is an epidemic that is a critical contributor to hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Current paradigms suggest that endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS/NOS3) in the vessel wall is the primary regulator of vascular function and blood pressure. However, recent studies have revealed the presence of eNOS/NOS3 in the adipocytes of white adipose tissues and perivascular adipose tissues (PVATs). The current understanding of the role of adipocyte NOS3 is based mainly on studies using global knockout models. The present study aimed to elucidate the functional significance of adipocyte NOS3 for vascular function and blood pressure control.
Prevalence of chronic urticaria and healthcare usage of patients with the condition in primary care: a population-based study in the Netherlands
Authors: Reineke Soegiharto, Mike Westmeijer, Nicole Boekema-Bakker, Irene A M Groenewegen, André C Knulst, Juul M P A van den Reek, Heike Röckmann
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

We present a large population-based study on the prevalence and healthcare usage of patients with chronic urticaria (CU) in primary care. The observed annual point prevalence of 0.48–0.30% and a median follow-up duration of 1.5 years provides new and reliable insight into the vastness, relatively modest healthcare usage and estimated disease duration of CU in the general population, which is useful knowledge when counselling new patients with CU in both primary and specialist care settings.
SGLT2 Inhibitor Use and Risk of Clinical Events in Patients With Cancer Therapy–Related Cardiac Dysfunction
Authors: Vennela Avula, Garima Sharma, Mikhail N Kosiborod, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Tomas G Neilan, Teresa Lopez, Susan Dent, Lauren Baldassarre, Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie, Ana Barac, Jennifer Liu, Anita Deswal, Sumanth Khadke, Eric H Yang, Bonnie Ky, Daniel Lenihan, Anju Nohria, Sourbha S Dani, Sarju Ganatra
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2023)
RCoV19: A One-Stop Hub for SARS-CoV-2 Genome Data Integration, Variant Monitoring, and Risk Pre-Warning
Authors: Cuiping Li, Lina Ma, Dong Zou, Rongqin Zhang, Xue Bai, Lun Li, Gangao Wu, Tianhao Huang, Wei Zhao, Enhui Jin, Yiming Bao, Shuhui Song
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2023)

The Resource for Coronavirus 2019 (RCoV19) is an open-access information resource dedicated to providing valuable data on the genomes, mutations, and variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this updated implementation of RCoV19, we have made significant improvements and advancements over the previous version. Firstly, we have implemented a highly refined genome data curation model. This model now features an automated integration pipeline and optimized curation rules, enabling efficient daily updates of data in RCoV19. Secondly, we have developed a global and regional lineage evolution monitoring platform, alongside an outbreak risk pre-warning system. These additions provide a comprehensive understanding of SARS-CoV-2 evolution and transmission patterns, enabling better preparedness and response strategies. Thirdly, we have developed a powerful interactive mutation spectrum comparison module. This module allows users to compare and analyze mutation patterns, assisting in the detection of potential new lineages. Furthermore, we have incorporated a comprehensive knowledgebase on mutation effects. This knowledgebase serves as a valuable resource for retrieving information on the functional implications of specific mutations. In summary, RCoV19 serves as a vital scientific resource, providing access to valuable data, relevant information, and technical support in the global fight against COVID-19. The complete contents of RCoV19 are available to the public at https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ncov/.
International expert recommendations on image acquisition for in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy of cutaneous tumors
Authors: Genevieve Ho, Melissa Gill, Jane Grant-Kels, Rodrigo J. Schwartz, Giovanni Pellacani, Salvador Gonzalez, Christi Alessi-Fox, Pascale Guitera
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2023)

No international recommendations exist for a minimum imaging requirement per lesion using reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). This may be beneficial given the increasing use of remote RCM interpretation internationally.