tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparative Photobiology of Psoralens&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

The comparative photobiological effects of several furocoumarins [i.e., angelicin, psoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), and 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP)] have been evaluated in a number of biological systems. The photosensitized induced lethality and genetic damage have been assessed in bacterial, animal, and human cells, and the rank order of effectiveness established psoralen as the most active compound followed by 8-MOP, 5-MOP, and angelicin. 5-MOP and 8-MOP are, however, essentially equally active in the production of chromosome damage in human cells in vitro.
Human Physiology. Prepared with Special Reference to Students of Medicine.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HIF2 Inactivation and Tumor Suppression with a Tumor-Directed RNA-Silencing Drug in Mice and Humans
Authors: Yuanqing Ma, Allison Joyce, Olivia Brandenburg, Faeze Saatchi, Christina Stevens, Vanina Toffessi Tcheuyap, Alana Christie, Quyen N. Do, Oluwatomilade Fatunde, Alyssa Macchiaroli, So C. Wong, Layton Woolford, Qurratulain Yousuf, Jeffrey Miyata, Deyssy Carrillo, Oreoluwa Onabolu, Tiffani McKenzie, Akhilesh Mishra, Tanner Hardy, Wei He, Daniel Li, Alexander Ivanishev, Qing Zhang, Ivan Pedrosa, Payal Kapur, Thomas Schluep, Steven B. Kanner, James Hamilton, James Brugarolas
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Purpose: HIF2α is a key driver of kidney cancer. Using a belzutifan analogue (PT2399), we previously showed in tumorgrafts (TG) that ∼50% of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) are HIF2α dependent. However, prolonged treatment induced resistance mutations, which we also identified in humans. Here, we evaluated a tumor-directed, systemically delivered, siRNA drug (siHIF2) active against wild-type and resistant-mutant HIF2α. Experimental Design: Using our credentialed TG platform, we performed pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses evaluating uptake, HIF2α silencing, target gene inactivation, and antitumor activity. Orthogonal RNA-sequencing studies of siHIF2 and PT2399 were pursued to define the HIF2 transcriptome. Analyses were extended to a TG line generated from a study biopsy of a siHIF2 phase I clinical trial (NCT04169711) participant and the corresponding patient, an extensively pretreated individual with rapidly progressive ccRCC and paraneoplastic polycythemia likely evidencing a HIF2 dependency. Results: siHIF2 was taken up by ccRCC TGs, effectively depleted HIF2α, deactivated orthogonally defined effector pathways (including Myc and novel E2F pathways), downregulated cell cycle genes, and inhibited tumor growth. Effects on the study subject TG mimicked those in the patient, where HIF2α was silenced in tumor biopsies, circulating erythropoietin was downregulated, polycythemia was suppressed, and a partial response was induced. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first example of functional inactivation of an oncoprotein and tumor suppression with a systemic, tumor-directed, RNA-silencing drug. These studies provide a proof-of-principle of HIF2α inhibition by RNA-targeting drugs in ccRCC and establish a paradigm for tumor-directed RNA-based therapeutics in cancer.
The British Society of Gastroenterology
Authors: D Carr-Locke, P Clayton, M Wheeler, P Smith, P Cotron, D Evans, B Lawrie, M Van Blankenstein, J Dees, F Ten, Kate Introduced, J Bennett, N Christofides, I Modlin, M Fitzpatrick, S Bloom, S White, E Nassau, W Burnham, J Stanford, H Besterman, T Adrian, D Sarson, G Smith-Laing, Sheila Sherlock
Journal: Gut (1978)

As there is little information available on the bacteriological con- tamination of upper gastrointestinal fibre- optic endoscopes and ancillary equip- ment during routine use and the effect of disinfecting solutions, a detailed evalua- tion was made of different cleaning methods using (a) water, (b) an aqueous solution of 1 % cetrimide with 0-1% chlorhexidine, and (c) activated aqueous 2 % glutaraldehyde (Cidex).All equip- ment was found to be heavily contaminat- ed after use with a wide variety of organ- isms of which 53 % were Gram positive.Cleaning of the endoscope and other equipment with water and cetrimide/ chlorhexidine alone or in combination was inadequate to produce disinfection, but immersion in glutaraldehyde for two minutes consistently produced sterile cultures with our sampling method.As a result of this study a rapid and simple method for disinfection has been adopted and will be described in detail.It is
'B' Stands for Bursa or Its Equivalent, Bone
Authors: John J. Potterat
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In his cogent review of the immune system, Dr Claman<sup>1</sup>explains that B lymphocytes are so named because they are "bone marrow derived." I learned that the "B" was short for bursa, since the B-lymphocyte maturation locus in animals was first discovered in the bursa of Fabricius (at the tail end of a chick's alimentary canal) by two Ohio State University graduate students, Bruce Glick and Timothy Chang, in the mid-1950s.<sup>2</sup>I also understand that the search for an equivalent anatomic locus in humans is still on. Is my information outdated?
Loss of Heterozygosity in Cultured Human Tumor Cell Lines&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

One hundred and thirty-seven cultured human tumor cell lines derived from Caucasian patients were surveyed for ten of their polymorphic enzyme phenotypes. The gene frequencies in this cell line population were similar to those of normal Caucasian populations, although consistent differences in phenotype frequencies were detected at each of the loci. All 10 loci showed fewer heterozygous phenotypes and a correspondingly greater number of the common and rare homozygous phenotypes than occur in normal Caucasian populations. On the average, only 85% of the loci expressed in fully differentiated diploid cells were expressed in the neoplastic cell lines adapted to in vitro growth. There was no significant difference in the proportion of loci expressed in cells that had been passaged less than 10 times and in cells passaged more than 50 times. Consequently, it appears that there is a loss of expression in genetic marker loci from at least six different chromosomes. This loss occurs either in the in vivo tumor or in the very early stages of the cultivation of neoplastic cells derived from solid human tumors. Once the cells have become adapted to growth in vitro, the patterns of expression in their polymorphic loci remain stable for many passages.
Base Closings Alter Military Long-term Care
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1993)

MORE THAN 150 000 older military retirees, enrolled in Medicare and until now using medical facilities on Air Force, Army, Marine, or Navy installations, will be among the first to feel the effects of proposed base closings on their long-term care. As a result, the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), a US Department of Health and Human Services agency that directs the Medicare and Medicaid programs, is encouraging this group to enroll in health maintenance organizations and competitive medical plans that accept Medicare. These developments are the result of Secretary of Defense Les Aspin's recommending closure of 31 major military installations, realignment of 12 others, and closure, realignment, or discontinuation of 122 smaller bases and activities. This action will reduce his department's employment by 24000 military personnel and 57000 civilians over the next 6 years (plus, the US Department of Labor estimates, it will mean the end of more than
World distribution of factor V Leiden mutation
Authors: MoniekP.M. de Maat, Cornelis Kluft, Jørgen Jespersen, Jørgen Gram, Winnie Schröder, Manuela Koessling, Karin Wulff, Manfred Wehnert, FalkoH. Herrmann, S. Fouéré, F. Guibal, P. Morel, D. Gou, A. Naipal, P.H. Reitsma
Journal: The Lancet (1996)
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Bone marrow angiogenesis is an attractive target for treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Here, De Luisi and colleagues investigated the antiangiogenic power of lenalidomide, an oral immunomodulatory drug, in MM. They found that lenalidomide impacted angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro, and selectively blocked migration of bone marrow endothelial cells (MMEC) of patients with active disease. Further, it modulated the VEGF/VEGFR2-signaling pathway and the levels of proteins governing MMEC motility, cytoskeleton remodelling, and energy metabolism. These findings suggest that lenalidomide may exert an indirect anti-MM effect, and the proteins identified here offer new targets for antiangiogenic management of MM.The PI3K/AKT survival pathway is known to be deregulated in pancreatic cancer, and activation of AKT and/or FOXO is involved in resistance to some chemotherapy drugs. Here, Boreddy and colleagues describe a mechanism of PI3K/AKT/FOXO inhibition in pancreatic cancer. They found that oral administration of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) suppressed the growth of established pancreatic tumors in mice. Further, tumor growth suppression was associated with inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/FOXO pathway and induction of apoptosis through Bim/caspase-3. These findings suggest that BITC could be used alone or as an adjuvant with conventional chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer management.Recent evidence has shown that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is relatively insensitive to chemotherapy and has high rates of recurrence, leading to poor survival. Here, Song and colleagues found that upregulation of sphingosine kinase-1 (SPHK1) in NSCLC significantly impeded chemotherapy-induced apoptosis through activation of PI3K/Akt /NF- B signaling both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, inhibition of SPHK1 expression or its kinase activity enhanced the proapoptotic and antitumor efficacy of chemotherapy in NSCLC. These findings suggest that targeting SPHK1 might represent a new approach to sensitizing NSCLC to chemotherapeutics and could lead to improved treatment of the disease.Hand-foot syndrome is one of the most relevant dose-limiting adverse effects of capecitabine, an oral prodrug of 5-fluouracil (5-FU) used in the treatment of breast and colorectal cancer. Here, Caronia and colleagues investigated the relationship between capecitabineinduced severe hand-foot syndrome and variations in genes involved in capecitabine metabolism. An association between hand-foot syndrome and a single base deletion in the cytidine deaminase (CDD) promoter, which increased allelespecific mRNA expression, was observed. These findings provide new insight into the mechanism of this capecitabine-related toxicity and could help in individualizing treatment.
Bronchoscopy in Respiratory Failure
Authors: Lowell E. Renz
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Bronchoscopy, an important therapeutic measure in the treatment of respiratory failure, is frequently not employed because of the risk associated with difficulty in maintaining adequate ventilation and oxygenation as well as technical difficulties encountered in attempting conventional bronchoscopy in patients with respiratory failure. The fiberoptic bronchoscope obviates most of these problems and allows repeated, safe bronchoscopy to be used as a therapeutic adjunct in the treatment of respiratory failure. This paper describes the technique of fiberoptic bronchoscopy during respiratory failure. <h3>Technique.—</h3> The instrument used is 5 mm in diameter, 55.7 cm in working length, and has a remotely controllable flexing tip and a channel, 1 mm in diameter, through which anesthetic or lavaging solutions may be instilled or secretions aspirated. The instrument is inserted through the suction part in an anesthetic elbow connected between the mechanical ventilator and endotracheal tube. A device to maintain an airtight seal
The Nervous System of Vertebrates.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

fiber tracts.The nucleus habenulae; structure, rela- tions and fiber tracts.The hypothalamus and nucleus habenulae as derivatives of the visceral sensory zone of the brain.5. The nucleus of the tractus strio-thalamicus and the sub- stantia reticularis thalami.6.The Saccus Apparatus.
Periurethral or Perineal Bacteria in Urinary Tract Infections?
Authors: Thomas A. Stamey
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In response to the article by Kunin et al, "Periurethral Bacterial Flora in Women: Prolonged Intermittent Colonization With<i>Escherichia coli</i>" (1980;243:134), the authors are unable to confirm our observations that colonization of the vaginal introitus with Enterobacteriaceae is greater in women susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTIs), in between episodes of bacteriuria, than it is in control, healthy women who appear resistant to UTIs. Our data are based on findings from introital swab cultures taken at the level of the hymenal ring obtained by a trained nurse. Kunin and associates relied on self-collected, dipstick cultures of the midstream voided urine. Self-collected, voided urine specimens from women include not only periurethral bacteria, but also those bacteria on the labia minora and majora. They may even include organisms from the perineal bridge separating the vagina from the rectum. Such contaminating bacteria should be labeled as perineal, not periurethral. It
Twentieth Century Practice; An International Encyclopedia of Modern Medical Science
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Congress may resolve AMA-FTC clash
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Physician advertising and contract practices seem unlikely to change immediately, and the American Medical Association's current ethical guidelines will require no dramatic changes, if a long-contested Federal Trade Commission (FTC) order becomes final next week. Still, the order—which bans a medical association from prohibiting truthful physician advertising or interfering with physicians' contractual arrangements—in effect establishes the FTC as the regulator of the delivery of health care, AMA officials say. It is scheduled to take effect May 18. For example, these officials point out, the FTC's powers to regulate what it considers "unfair trade practice" are broad enough to preempt state laws. Thus, appointed federal commissioners would be able to overrule elected state legislators, and "the learned professions can expect to be called upon to defend the last vestiges of their traditional self-regulatory activities." So far, according to published reports, physicians seem to be more reluctant than other professionals to advertise
The British Society of Gastroenterology
Authors: J Goligher, S Bloom, H Patel, D Johnston, A Bullen, M Losowsky
Journal: Gut (1976)

A teach-in on gallstones (chaired by Professor I. A. D. Bouchier), a meeting of the pathologists' group (chaired by Professor I. Dawson), and the BSG teaching session devoted to discussion of carcinomatous change in ulcerative colitis, elemental diets, intestinal adaptation and obscure gastrointestinal haemorrhage
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Synthetic Essentiality in Prostate CancerThrough screening for mutually exclusive deletion patterns in the prostate cancer genome, Zhao and colleagues uncovered the chromatin helicase DNA-binding factor CHD1 as a putative syntheticessential gene in PTEN-deficient cancers.That is, while CHD1 deletions occurred in some cancers, CHD1 was always retained in cancers deleted for PTEN.Consistent with a role as a putative syntheticessential gene in PTEN-deficient cancers, CHD1 loss led to pronounced inhibition of both cell growth and tumorigenic potential.Mechanistically, PTEN loss stabilized CHD1, which in turn activated transcription of a protumorigenic TNF-NF-kB gene program.This study identifies a novel PTEN-CHD1 pathway in prostate cancer, provides an example of synthetic essentiality identifying an essential downstream effector in PTEN-deficient cells and presents a framework to discover targetable vulnerabilities in cancers harboring specific tumor-suppressor deficiencies.(Image courtesy of Wikimedia
Gastrointestinal Disease Amongst Polish Migrants in Nottingham
Authors: A M Lichtarowicz, J F Mayberry
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1987)

The main Polish migrations to Britain were in the 1940s and many families have retained a traditional diet. People of Polish origin living in Nottingham were interviewed and the frequency of gastrointestinal disease assessed. Gallstones were less common in English people and Polish migrants than in Poland. Appendicitis and haemorrhoids were commoner in Polish migrants that amongst people in Poland.
Criteria for the Classification and Diagnosis of Heart Disease.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Physical Examination on the Surgical Patient
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Renal Thromboxane Synthesis in Excised Kidney Distal to Renovascular Lesions
Authors: Charles B. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Excision of a kidney with three distinct zones of perfusion was required in a patient with renovascular hypertension. One third of the kidney was normal, one third was ischemic from a stenotic artery, and one third was severely ischemic from a completely occluded artery. This provided a unique opportunity to study renal prostaglandin production in hypoperfused and control tissue by radioimmunoassays of incubated tissue slices. The thromboxane-prostacyclin synthesis ratio for the outer cortex increased from 2.2 in control tissue to 5.8 in moderately ischemic tissue and 11.3 in severely ischemic tissue; for the inner cortex, 2.1 to 6.3 and 8.8; and for the medulla, 0.4 to 1.2 and 3.0, respectively. Similar ratios were noted for thromboxane-prostaglandin E2. This correlates, for the first time in man, absolute and relative increases in renal thromboxane synthesis with renovascular hypertension. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:3118-3120)
Mushroom Compost Worker's Lung
Authors: M S Phillips, A A Robinson, T W Higenbottam, I M Calder
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1987)

This study draws attention to difficulties in the diagnosis and the understanding of the mechanism of action of mushroom compost worker's lung. Descriptions are given of 4 workers in one factory who developed acute respiratory failure within a 6-month period; 13 others who were unaffected were also studied. Serological investigation appears to be largely unhelpful, and the evidence against the condition being included amongst the extrinsic allergic alveolitides is discussed. A detailed clinical and occupational history is essential for diagnosis.