tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incorrect Wording
Journal: JAMA (2000)

A Prescription Drug Packaged in China and Sold as an Ethnic RemedyTo the Editor: A 30-year-old Chinese-American woman presented to the University of Colorado Allergy and Immunology Clinic with acute urticaria.As there was no clear precipitating event, hydroxyzine was prescribed, and she was advised to call if the medication was inadequate or if the urticaria persisted.Several weeks later, she called to report that the hydroxyzine had worked but it lasted only a short time whereas a "Chinese" medicine purchased over the counter at a local Chinese pharmacy had "lasted much longer."The frequent use of unconventional therapies by patients seen by allopathic physicians is well documented, 1 so it was not surprising that this patient had taken an alternative medication.She was asked to bring a sample of this product (which was presumed to be a formulation of Chinese herbs) to her next visit.As shown in the accompanying photograph (FIGURE), the patient's "Chinese" medicine turned out to be a standard preparation of astemizole clearly labeled in English but packaged for distribution in Asia.Astemizole is a nonsedating H 1 antihistamine with a halflife of 7 to 19 days.There are significant concerns about cardiotoxicity due to overdose or to inhibition of astemizole metabolism by other drugs that use the P450 pathway, such as ketoconazole and erythromycin. 2 The sale of restricted and/or toxic drugs or materials under the guise of "ethnic" cures has a long history.This practice falls into 2 categories: (1) purposeful misrepresentation and (2) sale of pharmaceuticals that require prescriptions in the United States but not in other countries.One well-known example of misrepresentation was the "Mexican Asthma Cure," which contained triamcinolone.It was claimed that this preparation was free of adverse effects and did not contain corticosteroids. 3In a recent study, 4 32% of Asian patent medicines collected from California retail herbal stores were found to contain undeclared pharmaceuticals or heavy metals.The practice of selling prescription drugs by ethnic pharmacies has not been well documented in the medical literature.These materials are commonly available over the counter in some countries, are surreptitiously brought into the United States, and sold "under the counter" by pharmacies serving ethnic markets.A prescription may not be required.The extent of this practice is unknown but drugs distributed in this fashion likely include antibiotics, analgesics, and anti-inflammatory drugs, since these drugs are widely available over the counter in many countries.
VARIATIONS IN CEREBROSPINAL PRESSURE IN ASSOCIATION WITH CONVULSIVE ATTACKS.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

The epileptic attack has been attributed to various and even opposite influences, thus to both cerebral anemia and cerebral hypermia, local or general, to both increase and diminution in intracranial pressure, to accumulation and discharge of nervous energy, but no one explanation is entirely sufficient or satisfactory for all cases. Sometimes the one, sometimes the other influence appears to be effective or at least provocative. Having observed in two cases of traumatic porencephaly with epileptic convulsions that long-continued drainage of the lateral ventricle, which communicated with the porencephalic cyst, was attended with a cessation of the attacks, and a like result in a case of traumatic epilepsy. Koche<sup>1</sup>concluded that the increased pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid was of considerable influence in exciting the convulsive seizures, the drainage acting as a regulator for sudden variations in pressure. Similar observations have been made by others, and Stadelmann<sup>2</sup>by means
Can semi-automated image cytometry on induced sputum become a screening tool for lung cancer?
Authors: W. Marek, N. Kotschy-Lang, A. Muti, Ch. Köhler, L. Nielsen, Th. Topalidis, Z. Atay, J.A. Nakhosteen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

The correlations between semi-automated sputum cytometry (ASC), conventional cytology and the final diagnosis was investigated in industrially-exposed workers. Slides of sputum samples from 201 former uranium miners with silicosis, 100 patients with asbestosis, 103 workers resected for lung cancer, and 200 controls (50% smokers), were stained using the Papanicolaou (Pap) method and the Feulgen reaction with thionin. Cytometry was performed using the Cyto-Savant automated system. Atypical nuclei were found in 72 of 404 patient samples, 327 samples were normal and five were inadequate for ASC analysis. Thirteen tumours (Pap IV, Pap V) and 11 cases of severe dysplasia were identified by cytology. Lung cancer was confirmed in 20 patients. Compared to the final diagnosis of lung cancer, the sensitivity of ASC was 75% (15 out of 20) and specificity 89.8% (520 out of 579). The results represent a diagnostic efficiency of 89.3%. The combination of ASC with cytology increased sensitivity to 80% (16 out of 20) without significant loss of specificity (89.7% or 523 out of 581). In this investigation of a limited number of patients with occupational radon or asbestos exposure, semi-automated sputum cytometry appears to be sensitive and reliable for the detection of malignant changes in the tracheobronchial mucosa. Together with conventional cytology, it would be reasonable to test the validity of the combined methods in a large-scale feasibility study of early lung cancer detection.
Tobacco: Promotion and Smoking-Reply
Authors: David M. Daughton
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Karr asks an important question regarding weight gain and smoking cessation. In our study, the successful abstainers gained more weight than nonquitters (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). However, no differences in weight gain were found among the treatment regimens. Average weight gain for the nicotine and placebotreatments, respectively, was 2.1 kg and 2.6 kg at 6 weeks and 3.6 kg and 3.9 kg at 12 weeks. Thus, our evidence suggests that transdermal nicotine therapy does not prevent weight gain. Dr Rennard and Mr Daughton have received research grants and fees from Marion Merrell Dow, Inc, Cincinnati, Ohio, for consultancies and honoraria for educational activities.
Current Comment
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>MEDICAL EDUCATION IN ILLINOIS</h3> The rapid progress made in the development of medical colleges in other parts of the country has brought out in strong contrast the great need for improvements in Illinois, which means Chicago. At present there are only three medical colleges which are a credit to the state of Illinois or to the city. Two of these, the North-western University Medical School and Rush Medical College (the University of Chicago), have kept pace with modern improvements and are in the highest rank (Class A plus). The College of Physicians and Surgeons, although at present in the second class (Class A), has recently become part of the University of Illinois and it is to be hoped that through the adoption of higher entrance requirements it may soon be worthy of admission to the highest rank. Aside from these three colleges Chicago has no medical school worthy the support
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study of RMP-7 in combination with carboplatin administered intravenously for the treatment of recurrent malignant glioma
Authors: Michael D. Prados, S. Clifford Schold, Howard A. Fine, Kurt Jaeckle, Fred Hochberg, Laszlo Mechtler, Michael R. Fetell, Surasak Phuphanich, Lynn Feun, Todd J. Janus, Kathleen Ford, William Graney
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2003)
Abstract 2657: GSTP mediated S-glutathionylation of GRP78 attributes to multiple myeloma resistance
Authors: Zhiwei Ye, Jie Zhang, Kenneth D. Tew, Danyelle M. Townsend
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Btz) is used in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), but its efficacy is restricted by the wide-spread occurrence of resistance. MM cells have the highest rate of secretion of proteins with disulfide bonds and are exquisitely dependent upon redox balance and accurate protein folding. Our results showed that some important redox enzymes, including glutathione transferase P (GSTP) are upregulated in Btz-resistant cells. While GSTP was originally described as a phase II detoxification enzyme, our laboratory has ascribed a thiolase activity catalyzing the forward S-glutathionylation reaction, a post-translational modification (PTM) through reversible addition of glutathione to thiolate anions of cysteines in target proteins. Although primarily cytosolic, GSTP has been reported in the nuclear and mitochondrial compartments. We recently showed that GSTP is localized at high concentrations in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and regulates a number of redox active proteins through S-glutathionylation; these include glucose-regulated protein (GRP78). Proteomic analysis revealed that both cys41 and cys 420 of GRP78 were subject to S-glutathionylation and this PTM altered the activity of GRP78, enhancing its holdase activity, while concomitantly decreasing its foldase activity. This alters protein folding and contributes to the Btz-resistant phenotype of MM. Our data also support the principle that drugs that target the ER protein folding machinery significantly alter local redox conditions. Thapsigargin (Thg) is an inhibitor of SERCA, interfering with the functional activities of calcium-dependent chaperones, while tunicamycin (TuM) inhibits N-linked glycosylation. Btz resistant cells showed marked levels of cross-resistance (2-10 fold) to both. Linking such results with GSTP/redox, the absence of GSTP (from GSTP knockout mice) makes both bone marrow derived dendritic and mouse embryonic fibroblast cells more sensitive to Btz, ThG and TuM. The nature of the cross-resistance patterns and the fact that the presence of GSTP in drug naïve cells also confers resistance provides a rational platform for studying redox-based mechanisms as causative in resistance. Moreover, inhibition of GSTP with Telintra restored Btz sensitivity, decreased S-glutathionylation and increased expression of markers of UPR induced apoptosis. We conclude that altered GSTP expression and S-glutathionylation of key ER-localized proteins are significant contributors to drug response and resistance in MM treated with Btz. Citation Format: Zhiwei Ye, Jie Zhang, Kenneth D. Tew, Danyelle M. Townsend. GSTP mediated S-glutathionylation of GRP78 attributes to multiple myeloma resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2657.
Acute Myocardial Infarction as a Complication of Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Chaim Almog, Aire Pik
Journal: JAMA (1978)

ALTHOUGH autonomic neuropathy is common in diabetes, clinically troublesome orthostatic hypotension caused by the involvement of the vasomotor system is not frequently observed. Distinctly unusual is postural hypotension severe enough to precipitate a myocardial infarction, as in our patient's case. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 60-year-old woman with mild diabetes treated with tolbutamide was admitted to the hospital for recurrent episodes of loss of consciousness and disturbances in micturition. She complained of dizziness while sitting. Her pulse rate was 84 beats per minute, and her blood pressure was 140/80 mm Hg, supine. The ECG was normal. The abdomen was distended, and the sphincter ani was atonic. She had diabetic retinopathy, and her ankle and patellar reflexes were absent. On the day after admission, the patient lost consciousness as her blood pressure dropped precipitously when she stood up. She regained consciousness promptly on lying down, but complained of a pressure sensation
SANDPIPER: Phase III study of the PI3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor taselisib (GDC-0032) plus fulvestrant in patients (pts) with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, HER2-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (BC) enriched for pts with <i>PIK3CA-</i>mutant tumors.
Authors: Jose Baselga, Javier Cortés, Michelino DeLaurentiis, Susan Dent, Véronique Diéras, Nadia Harbeck, Jerry Y. Hsu, Huan Jin, Frauke Schimmoller, Timothy R. Wilson, Young-Hyuck Im, William Jacot, Ian E Krop, Sunil Verma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

TPS1119 Background: As one of the most frequent genomic alterations in BC, PIK3CA mutations occur in ~40% of ER-positive, HER2-negative breast tumors. PIK3CA mutations may mediate resistance to endocrine therapies and promote growth and proliferation of tumors in BC. Taselisib is a potent and selective PI3K inhibitor that preferentially degrades mutant versus wild-type PI3Kα via a unique mechanism not seen with alpelisib and pictilisib. In PIK3CA-mutant BC cell lines, taselisib had enhanced activity. Confirmed partial responses were reported in pts with PIK3CA-mutant BC treated with taselisib either as a single agent or in combination with fulvestrant. Methods: SANDPIPER is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, phase III study, designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of taselisib plus fulvestrant in pts with ER-positive, HER2-negative, PIK3CA-mutant locally advanced or metastatic BC. Postmenopausal pts will be randomized 2:1 to receive either taselisib (4 mg qd) or placebo in combination with fulvestrant (500 mg intramuscular on Days 1 and 15 of Cycle 1, and on Day 1 of each subsequent 28-day cycle). Pts must have had disease recurrence or progression during or after aromatase inhibitor treatment. Randomization will be stratified by visceral disease, endocrine sensitivity, and geographic region. SANDPIPER enriches for pts with PIK3CA-mutant tumors and a centrally assessed, valid cobas PIK3CA Mutation Test result in tumor tissue is required prior to enrollment; pts with PIK3CA-mutant tumors are randomized separately from those with non-mutant tumors. The primary efficacy endpoint is investigator-assessed progression-free survival in pts with PIK3CA-mutant tumors (estimated by Kaplan–Meier methodology). Other endpoints include overall survival, objective response rate, clinical benefit rate, duration of objective response, safety, pharmacokinetics, and patient-reported outcomes. Enrollment is open for pts with PIK3CA-mutant tumors. Target enrollment is 600 pts and &gt; 300 patients have been enrolled. Clinical trial information: NCT02340221.
Depression and the dynamics of smoking. A national perspective
Authors: R F Anda, D F Williamson, L G Escobedo, E E Mast, G A Giovino, P L Remington
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Data from multiple studies suggest that depression plays a role in cigarette smoking. To obtain a national perspective on the role of depression in the dynamics of smoking, we analyzed data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. We used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale to assess symptoms of depression and used the standard cutoff (score, greater than or equal to 16) for defining persons as depressed. The cross-sectional analysis of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey showed that the prevalence of current smokers increased as the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score increased, whereas the quit ratio (former smokers/ever smokers) decreased as the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score increased. Among the cohort of smokers in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, the estimated incidence of quitting after 9 years of follow-up was 9.9% for depressed smokers and 17.7% for nondepressed smokers. When we adjusted for amount smoked, sex, age, and educational attainment by means of a Cox proportional hazards model, we found that depressed smokers were 40% less likely to have quit compared with nondepressed smokers (relative risk, 0.6). These findings suggest that depression plays an important role in the dynamics of cigarette smoking in the United States.
Cyclandelate.
Journal: BMJ (1967)

With the help of expert contributors we publish below notes on a selection of drugs in current use. CyclandelateThis drug is marketed by Brocades (Great Britain) Ltd. under the name Cyclospasmol.The place of vasodilator drugs in the treatment of patients with vascular insufficiency is controversial.There is a need for effective drugs to relieve the symptoms of claudication in patients with obstructive disease of the leg arteries.Similarly, patients with cerebrovascular disease present an intractable thera- peutic problem, particularly those with recurrent episodes of circulatory insufficiency.Evidence of the efficacy of drugs used hitherto is unsatisfactory.Cyclandelate is a vasodilator drug discovered in 1952 whose use is recommended by its manufacturers in both of these conditions.
Just alive, or living
Authors: L. M. Armstrong
Journal: JAMA (1985)

There are those, particularly in the medical profession, who would state that the two conditions are the same, but they are not. We who live in nursing homes (as I do at age 81) see all too vividly the difference between the two states of existence. I hasten to say that I am not a morbid person. I do not entertain an unhealthy death wish, nor do I advocate euthanasia. I still love living, even with all of its present restrictions, its many disappointments, and, too often, its painful times. The beauties of Nature, even seen through blurred vision, still delight me. I still thrill to a beautiful sunset and look on it as a wonderful harbinger of something good ahead and not just as an ending of another day. I treasure the good and interesting things in life and would like to feel I can enjoy them to the
Correction:<i>Dual neutralisation of interleukin-17A and interleukin-17F with bimekizumab in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis: results from a 48-week phase llb, randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study</i>
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

The legend for the Figure 1B,C labels should read 'Placebo/BKZ 320 mg
Serum sodium. A bedside problem
Authors: L. B. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

SODIUM concentrations have become a part of every patient's hospital record. Interpreting them correctly depends on two fundamental facts. First, a concentration is a<i>ratio</i>—the amount of sodium compared with the amount of plasma (plasma water) in which it is dissolved. Thus, an abnormal value may result from a change in the amount of sodium, a change in the amount of water, or a change in the amount of both. This leads to situations that all have a low serum sodium concentration but arise from different mechanisms and call for different treatments. The second key fact is that the serum concentration of sodium gives no information about the concentration inside the cells and other special compartments such as bone. It is therefore possible for serum sodium concentration and total body sodium to vary in opposite directions. The two most common types of hyponatremia are illustrated as follows: <i>Depletional</i>hyponatremia
THE RED LIGHT TREATMENT OF SCARLET FEVER.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chronic discoid lupus erythematosus in children
Authors: R. K. Winkelmann
Journal: JAMA (1968)

In five cases of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus which began in childhood and lasted into adulthood no systemic disease was present, and long follow-up confirmed the cutaneous localization of the disease. This syndrome in children is comparable to the continuing, recurrent nature of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus in adults.
Microbes and Suppuration.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
US Medicine
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Trace Elements
Authors: David D. Ulmer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

More than 60 elements have been found in micro-organisms, higher plants and animals, including man. Those ordinarily present in tissues only in minute quantity, picograms to micrograms per gram of wet organ, are arbitrarily designated "trace elements"; about a dozen are now considered essential for animal life (Table 1).Deprivation of essential trace elements produces discrete deficiency states characterized in many species by impaired growth, reproductive failure and shortened life-span. Excessive accumulation of metals, arising either through failure of intrinsic control mechanisms or through unusual environmental exposure, produces toxicity. Whether the available quantity of an essential element is inadequate or . . .