tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
National Food Intake Assessment: Technologies to Advance Traditional Methods
Authors: Alanna J. Moshfegh, Donna G. Rhodes, Carrie L. Martin
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2022)

National dietary surveillance produces dietary intake data used for various purposes including development and evaluation of national policies in food and nutrition. Since 2000, What We Eat in America, the dietary component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, has collected dietary data and reported on the dietary intake of the US population. Continual innovations are required to improve methods of data collection, quality, and relevance. This review article evaluates the strengths and limitations of current and newer methods in national dietary data collection, underscoring the use of technology and emerging technology applications. We offer four objectives for national dietary surveillance that serve as guiding principles in the evaluation. Moving forward, national dietary surveillance must take advantage of new technologies for their potential in enhanced efficiency and objectivity in data operations while continuing to collect accurate dietary information that is standardized, validated, and publicly transparent.
Dietary Fructose and Fructose-Induced Pathologies
Authors: Sunhee Jung, Hosung Bae, Won-Suk Song, Cholsoon Jang
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2022)

The consumption of fructose as sugar and high-fructose corn syrup has markedly increased during the past several decades. This trend coincides with the exponential rise of metabolic diseases, including obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. While the biochemical pathways of fructose metabolism were elucidated in the early 1990s, organismal-level fructose metabolism and its whole-body pathophysiological impacts have been only recently investigated. In this review, we discuss the history of fructose consumption, biochemical and molecular pathways involved in fructose metabolism in different organs and gut microbiota, the role of fructose in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, and the remaining questions to treat such diseases.
Enhanced excitability of the hippocampal CA2 region and its contribution to seizure activity in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Alexander C. Whitebirch, John J. LaFrancois, Swati Jain, Paige Leary, Bina Santoro, Steven A. Siegelbaum, Helen E. Scharfman
Journal: Neuron (2022)
Folic Acid and the Prevention of Birth Defects: 30 Years of Opportunity and Controversies
Authors: Krista S. Crider, Yan Ping Qi, Lorraine F. Yeung, Cara T. Mai, Lauren Head Zauche, Arick Wang, Kelicia Daniels, Jennifer L. Williams
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2022)

For three decades, the US Public Health Service has recommended that all persons capable of becoming pregnant consume 400 μg/day of folic acid (FA) to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs). The neural tube forms by 28 days after conception. Fortification can be an effective NTD prevention strategy in populations with limited access to folic acid foods and/or supplements. This review describes the status of mandatory FA fortification among countries that fortify ( n = 71) and the research describing the impact of those programs on NTD rates (up to 78% reduction), blood folate concentrations [red blood cell folate concentrations increased ∼1.47-fold (95% CI, 1.27, 1.70) following fortification], and other health outcomes. Across settings, high-quality studies such as those with randomized exposures (e.g., randomized controlled trials, Mendelian randomization studies) are needed to elucidate interactions of FA with vitamin B 12 as well as expanded biomarker testing.
Allelic polymorphism controls autoreactivity and vaccine elicitation of human broadly neutralizing antibodies against influenza virus
Authors: Maya Sangesland, Alba Torrents de la Peña, Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum, Larance Ronsard, Faez Amokrane Nait Mohamed, Thalia Bracamonte Moreno, Ralston M. Barnes, Daniel Rohrer, Nils Lonberg, Musie Ghebremichael, Masaru Kanekiyo, Andrew Ward, Daniel Lingwood
Journal: Immunity (2022)
Incidence of Sudden Cardiac Death and Life-Threatening Arrhythmias in Clinically Manifest Cardiac Sarcoidosis With and Without Current Indications for an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
Authors: Hanna-Kaisa Nordenswan, Pauli Pöyhönen, Jukka Lehtonen, Kaj Ekström, Valtteri Uusitalo, Meri Niemelä, Tapani Vihinen, Kari Kaikkonen, Petri Haataja, Tuomas Kerola, Tuomas T. Rissanen, Aleksi Alatalo, Päivi Pietilä-Effati, Markku Kupari
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) predisposes to sudden cardiac death (SCD). Guidelines for implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in CS have been issued by the Heart Rhythm Society in 2014 and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/Heart Rhythm Society consortium in 2017. How well they discriminate high from low risk remains unknown.
Systematic comparison of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma models identifies a conserved highly plastic basal cell state
Authors: Kenneth L. Pitter, Olivera Grbovic-Huezo, Simon Joost, Anupriya Singhal, Melissa Blum, Katherine Wu, Matilda Holm, Alexander Ferrena, Arjun Bhutkar, Anna Hudson, Nicolas Lecomte, Elisa de Stanchina, Ronan Chaligne, Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue, Dana Pe'er, Tuomas Tammela
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Intra-tumoral heterogeneity and cellular plasticity have emerged as hallmarks of cancer, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). As PDAC portends a dire prognosis, a better understanding of the mechanisms underpinning cellular diversity in PDAC is crucial. Here, we investigated the cellular heterogeneity of PDAC cancer cells across a range of in vitro and in vivo growth conditions using single-cell genomics. Heterogeneity contracted significantly in 2D and 3D cell culture models but was restored upon orthotopic transplantation. Orthotopic transplants reproducibly acquired cell states identified in autochthonous PDAC tumors, including a basal state exhibiting co-expression and co-accessibility of epithelial and mesenchymal genes. Lineage-tracing combined with single-cell transcriptomics revealed that basal cells display high plasticity in situ. This work defines the impact of cellular growth conditions on phenotypic diversity and uncovers a highly plastic cell state with the capacity to facilitate state transitions and promote intra-tumoral heterogeneity in PDAC.
Real-world effectiveness of early molnupiravir or nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 without supplemental oxygen requirement on admission during Hong Kong's omicron BA.2 wave: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Carlos K H Wong, Ivan C H Au, Kristy T K Lau, Eric H Y Lau, Benjamin J Cowling, Gabriel M Leung
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2022)
5-Fluorouracil in the treatment of common warts of the hands
Authors: J.C.ALMEIDA GONÇALVES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

A double-blind study was carried out to compare the action of a 5-fluorouracil and 10% salicylic acid varnish with that of a 10% salicylic acid varnish on common warts. Fifty per cent of the lesions disappeared with the combined preparation and only 4% with the varnish containing salicylic acid alone. The presence of warts on the hands of 45.8% of the female workers of a fowl slaughterhouse is described.
Central diabetes insipidus from a patient's perspective: management, psychological co-morbidities, and renaming of the condition: results from an international web-based survey
Authors: Cihan Atila, Paul Benjamin Loughrey, Aoife Garrahy, Bettina Winzeler, Julie Refardt, Patricia Gildroy, Malak Hamza, Aparna Pal, Joseph G Verbalis, Christopher J Thompson, Lars G Hemkens, Steven J Hunter, Mark Sherlock, Miles J Levy, Niki Karavitaki, John Newell-Price, John A H Wass, Mirjam Christ-Crain
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2022)
Balancing access to BPaLM regimens and risk of resistance
Authors: Annelies Van Rie, Timothy Walker, Bouke de Jong, Praharshinie Rupasinghe, Emmanuel Rivière, Véronique Dartois, Lindsay Sonnenkalb, Diana Machado, Sébastien Gagneux, Philip Supply, Viola Dreyer, Stefan Niemann, Galo Goig, Conor Meehan, Elisa Tagliani, Daniela Maria Cirillo
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2022)
Afucosylated IgG responses in humans – structural clues to the regulation of humoral immunity
Authors: Janita J. Oosterhoff, Mads Delbo Larsen, C. Ellen van der Schoot, Gestur Vidarsson
Journal: Trends in Immunology (2022)

Healthy immune responses require efficient protection without excessive inflammation. Recent discoveries on the degree of fucosylation of a human N-linked glycan at a conserved site in the immunoglobulin IgG-Fc domain might add an additional regulatory layer to adaptive humoral immunity. Specifically, afucosylation of IgG-Fc enhances the interaction of IgG with FcγRIII and thereby its activity. Although plasma IgG is generally fucosylated, afucosylated IgG is raised in responses to enveloped viruses and Plasmodium falciparum proteins expressed on infected erythrocytes, as well as during alloimmune responses. Moreover, while afucosylation can exacerbate some infectious diseases (e.g., COVID-19), it also correlates with traits of protective immunity against malaria and HIV-1. Herein we discuss the implications of IgG afucosylation for health and disease, as well as for vaccination.
Life course, genetic, and neuropathological associations with brain age in the 1946 British Birth Cohort: a population-based study
Authors: Aaron Z Wagen, William Coath, Ashvini Keshavan, Sarah-Naomi James, Thomas D Parker, Christopher A Lane, Sarah M Buchanan, Sarah E Keuss, Mathew Storey, Kirsty Lu, Amy Macdougall, Heidi Murray-Smith, Tamar Freiberger, David M Cash, Ian B Malone, Josephine Barnes, Carole H Sudre, Andrew Wong, Ivanna M Pavisic, Rebecca Street, Sebastian J Crutch, Valentina Escott-Price, Ganna Leonenko, Henrik Zetterberg, Henrietta Wellington, Amanda Heslegrave, Frederik Barkhof, Marcus Richards, Nick C Fox, James H Cole, Jonathan M Schott
Journal: The Lancet Healthy Longevity (2022)

A neuroimaging-based biomarker termed the brain age is thought to reflect variability in the brain's ageing process and predict longevity. Using Insight 46, a unique narrow-age birth cohort, we aimed to examine potential drivers and correlates of brain age.
White Blood Cell Count and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: William B. Kannel
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine the relation of white blood cell (WBC) count to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, and cardiac failure. Traditional CVD risk factors, hematocrit, and vital capacity were considered. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective cohort analysis with one baseline examination of relevant risk factors and 12 years of follow-up for CVD. <h3>Participants and Methods.</h3> —A community-based sample (Framingham Offspring Study) of 1393 men and 1401 women who were free of CVD at the onset of the study and who were between the ages of 30 and 59 years at baseline. Time-dependent multiple variable logistic regression methods were used. <h3>Results.</h3> —There were 180 CVD events in men and 80 in women. The WBC count was correlated most strongly with the number of cigarettes smoked per day, hematocrit, and vital capacity. Among nonsmoking men with WBC counts within the normal range, the age-adjusted WBC count was significantly associated with CVD and coronary heart disease incidence. For each 1.0× 10<sup>9</sup>/L-cell difference in WBC count, the CVD risk increased 32%. In women, each 1.0× 10<sup>9</sup>/L-cell increment in WBC count was associated with a 17% increase in CVD risk, but only in smokers, and the relationship was not statistically significant after adjustment for relevant risk factors. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The degree of elevation of WBC count within the normal range is a marker for increased risk of CVD that is partially explained by cigarette smoking. Future studies should include differential WBC determinations to assess their association with CVD. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:1253-1256)
Integrated Geriatric Assessment and Treatment Effectiveness (INTEGERATE) in older people with cancer starting systemic anticancer treatment in Australia: a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wee Kheng Soo, Madeleine T King, Alun Pope, Phillip Parente, Pēteris Dārziņš, Ian D Davis
Journal: The Lancet Healthy Longevity (2022)

The effectiveness of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in improving health outcomes in cancer settings is unclear. We evaluated whether CGA can improve health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older people with cancer who are starting systemic anticancer treatment.INTEGERATE is a multicentre, open-label, pragmatic, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial that was done at three hospitals in Australia. Participants aged 70 years and older with solid cancer or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma planned for chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy, were randomly assigned (1:1; using a central computer-generated minimisation algorithm with a random element, balancing treatment intent, cancer type, age, sex, and performance status) to receive CGA integrated into oncology care (integrated oncogeriatric care) or usual care only. Group assignment was not concealed from the participants and clinicians. The primary outcome was HRQOL over 24 weeks, assessed at baseline, week 12, week 18, and week 24, using the Elderly Functional Index (ELFI; score range 0-100). Analyses were by intention to treat. The trial is registered with ANZCTR.org.au, ACTRN12614000399695, and is completed.Between Aug 18, 2014, and Sept 5, 2018, 154 participants were randomly assigned to integrated oncogeriatric care (n=76) or usual care (n=78). 13 participants died by week 12 and 130 (92%) of the remaining 141 participants completed two or more ELFI assessments. Participants assigned to integrated oncogeriatric care reported better adjusted ELFI change scores over 24 weeks compared with those in the usual care group (overall main effect of group: t=2·1, df=213, p=0·039; effect size=0·38), with maximal between-group differences at week 18 (mean difference in change 9·8 [95% CI 2·4-17·2]; p=0·010, corrected p=0·030, effect size=0·48). The integrated oncogeriatric care group also had significantly fewer unplanned hospital admissions at 24 weeks (multivariable-adjusted incidence rate ratio 0·60 [95% CI 0·42-0·87]; p=0·0066). No statistically significant between-group difference was observed in overall survival.CGA led to better quality of life and health-care delivery in older people receiving systemic anticancer treatment. Routine CGA-based interventions should be considered in at-risk older people starting systemic anticancer treatment.National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), Monash University, and Eastern Health.
Luspatercept for the treatment of anaemia in non-transfusion-dependent β-thalassaemia (BEYOND): a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Ali T Taher, Maria Domenica Cappellini, Antonis Kattamis, Ersi Voskaridou, Silverio Perrotta, Antonio G Piga, Aldo Filosa, John B Porter, Thomas D Coates, Gian Luca Forni, Alexis A Thompson, Immacolata Tartaglione, Khaled M Musallam, Jay T Backstrom, Oriana Esposito, Ana Carolina Giuseppi, Wen-Ling Kuo, Dimana Miteva, Jennifer Lord-Bessen, Aylin Yucel, Tatiana Zinger, Jeevan K Shetty, Vip Viprakasit
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2022)
Final Outcome Results of the Multicenter Isradipine Diuretic Atherosclerosis Study (MIDAS)
Authors: Nemat O. Borhani
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To compare the rate of progression of mean maximum intimal-medial thickness (IMT) in carotid arteries, using quantitative B-mode ultrasound imaging, during antihypertensive therapy with isradipine vs hydrochlorothiazide. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized, double-blind, positive-controlled trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Nine medical center clinics. <h3>Population.</h3> —A total of 883 patients with baseline mean ±SD systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) of 149.7±16.6 and 96.5±5.1 mm Hg, age of 58.5±8.5 years, and maximum IMT of 1.17±0.20 mm. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Twice daily doses of isradipine (2.5-5.0 mg) or hydrochlorothiazide (12.5-25 mg). <h3>Main Outcome Measure (Primary End Point).</h3> —Rate of progression of mean maximum IMT in 12 carotid focal points over 3 years. <h3>Results.</h3> —There was no difference in the rate of progression of mean maximum IMT between isradipine and hydrochlorothiazide over 3 years (<i>P</i>=.68). There was a higher incidence of major vascular events (eg, myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure, angina, and sudden death) in isradipine (n=25; 5.65%) vs hydrochlorothiazide (n=14; 3.17%) (<i>P</i>=.07), and a significant increase in nonmajor vascular events and procedures (eg, transient ischemic attack, dysrhythmia, aortic valve replacement, and femoral popliteal bypass graft) in isradipine (n=40; 9.05%) vs hydrochlorothiazide (n=23; 5.22%) (<i>P</i>=.02). At 6 months, mean DBP decreased by 13.0 mm Hg in both groups, and mean SBP decreased by 19.5 mm Hg in hydrochlorothiazide and 16.0 mm Hg in isradipine (<i>P</i>=.002); the difference in SBP between the 2 groups persisted throughout the study but did not explain the increased incidence of vascular events in patients treated with isradipine. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —The rate of progression of mean maximum IMT in carotid arteries, the surrogate end point in this study, did not differ between the 2 treatment groups. The increased incidence of vascular events in patients receiving isradipine compared with hydrochlorothiazide is of concern and should be studied further.
Treatment of Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Jana Ježková, Josef Marek, Manuela Vaněčková
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

Pituitary adenomas are the most common tumours of the sellar region. A combination of neurosurgery, radiation and pharmacological approaches are applied for the treatment of pituitary adenomas. In certain cases, patient observation is another option. Neurosurgery is the first-choice treatment for acromegaly, Cushing´s disease and TSH secreting adenomas. Leksell gamma knife irradiation is used in the treatment of tumour residues. Until the effect of the irradiation is evident, pharmacological treatment must be administered. Large and/or growing non-functioning pituitary adenomas are operated. Irradiation is possible if there is sufficient distance between the margin of the adenoma and the optic pathway. The primary therapy for prolactinomas is pharmacological treatment with dopamine agonists. Multidisciplinary collaboration among endocrinologists, neurosurgeons and radiosurgeons is necessary in the treatment of pituitary adenomas.
Ecological effects of selective oral decontamination on multidrug-resistance bacteria acquired in the intensive care unit: a case–control study over 5 years
Authors: Boacheng Wang, Josef Briegel, Wolfgang A. Krueger, Rika Draenert, Jette Jung, Alexandra Weber, Johannes Bogner, Sören Schubert, Uwe Liebchen, Sandra Frank, Michael Zoller, Michael Irlbeck, Ludwig Ney, Thomas Weig, Ludiwg Hinske, Sebastian Niedermayer, Erich Kilger, Patrick Möhnle, Beatrice Grabein
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2022)

This case–control study investigated the long-term evolution of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) over a 5-year period associated with the use of selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD) in the intensive care unit (ICU). In addition, effects on health care-associated infections and ICU mortality were analysed. We investigated patients undergoing mechanical ventilation > 48 h in 11 adult ICUs located at 3 campuses of a university hospital. Administrative, clinical, and microbiological data which were routinely recorded electronically served as the basis. We analysed differences in the rates and incidence densities (ID, cases per 1000 patient-days) of MDRB associated with SOD use in all patients and stratified by patient origin (outpatient or inpatient). After propensity score matching, health-care infections and ICU mortality were compared. 5034 patients were eligible for the study. 1694 patients were not given SOD. There were no differences in the incidence density of MDRB when SOD was used, except for more vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (0.72/1000 days vs. 0.31/1000 days, p < 0.01), and fewer ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (0.22/1000 days vs. 0.56/1000 days, p < 0.01). After propensity score matching, SOD was associated with lower incidence rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia and death in the ICU but not with ICU-acquired bacteremia or urinary tract infection. Comparisons of the ICU-acquired MDRB over a 5-year period revealed no differences in incidence density, except for lower rate of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and higher rate of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium with SOD. Incidence rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia and death in the ICU were lower in patients receiving SOD.
Primary and Secondary Syphilis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men—New York City, 2001
Journal: JAMA (2002)

After declining steadily for 10 years, the number of reported cases of primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis more than doubled in New York City (NYC) from 117 in 2000 to 282 in 2001. The increases have occurred primarily among men who have sex with men (MSM). Of particular concern is the high proportion of syphilis cases among MSM who also have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This report summarizes 2001 P&S syphilis data for NYC and compares it with surveillance data for 1999 and 2000; findings indicate a substantial increase in the number of syphilis cases among MSM. These data suggest increases in high-risk sexual behavior among some MSM and underscore the importance of coordinating efforts between the MSM community public health officials, and health-care providers to strengthen HIV-prevention efforts.
Methods for Voluntary Weight Loss and Control
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

One quarter to one third of Americans are overweight; as many as 40% of women and 24% of men are trying to lose weight at any given time; many have tried a variety of methods, such as diets, exercise, behavior modification, and drugs. In controlled settings, participants who remain in weight loss programs usually lose approximately 10% of their weight. However, one third to two thirds of the weight is regained within 1 year, and almost all is regained within 5 years. For many overweight persons, achieving and maintaining a healthy weight is a lifelong challenge. Successful weight loss improves several cardiovascular risk factors and diabetic control; effects on mortality are not clear. Several epidemiologic studies have found that weight loss is associated with increased mortality but the reasons for weight loss were not known. Survey data also confirm that many Americans who are not overweight, particularly young women, are trying to lose weight, which may have adverse physical and psychological consequences. Because of the importance of these issues, research on weight and on weight loss and control should assume a high priority on the nation's health agenda.