tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sigh Breaths for Trauma Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Giacomo Bellani, Antonio Pesenti
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Long-Term Outcomes and Risk Factors of Radiofrequency Ablation for T1N0M0 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Xinyang Li, Lin Yan, Jing Xiao, Yingying Li, Zhen Yang, Mingbo Zhang, Yukun Luo
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has gained increasing interest as a minimally invasive procedure to treat low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Considering the indolent nature of this disease, studies in large populations with long follow-up would be invaluable to further substantiate the effectiveness of RFA.
Racial and Ethnic Diversity is a Tool for Eliminating Unequal Racial and Ethnic Kidney Health
Authors: Donald E. Wesson
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2023)

Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX Correspondence: Dr. Donald E. Wesson, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1501 Red River Street, MC Z0100, Austin, TX 78712. Email: [email protected] Published online ahead of print. Publication date available at www.jasn.org.
Patient Perspectives on Social Risk Screening and Documentation in a Dermatology Clinic
Authors: Kamina Wilkerson, Emilia De Marchis, Nora Rudd, Jazzmin C. Williams, Matt Pantell, Sara L. Ackerman, Erin H. Amerson, Aileen Y. Chang
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2023)

Importance Providing person-centered dermatologic care includes consideration of social risk factors, such as housing instability and unreliable transportation, that may affect clinical management. Patients’ perspectives on social risk screening and documentation in dermatology clinics have not yet been evaluated. Objective To understand patients’ perspectives on social risk screening and documentation in a dermatology clinic. Design, Setting, and Participants This mixed-methods study used a survey and semistructured interviews and was conducted in a general dermatology clinic at a large urban public hospital. Patients at the clinic were eligible to complete the survey if they were 18 years or older; able to speak and read English, Spanish, or Cantonese; and comfortable using a computer tablet. Survey participants who preferred to use English were eligible for interviews. The survey included social risk screening questions, measures of acceptability, and questions on social risk factors associated with patient acceptability. Semistructured interviews were conducted to explore attitudes and beliefs about social risk screening and documentation. Survey and interview findings were integrated during data analysis through development of themes and joint display. Data were analyzed from December 2021 to April 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures There were 2 outcome measures of acceptability: appropriateness of screening in a dermatology clinic and comfort with documentation of social risk in the electronic health record (EHR). Results A total of 135 participants (including 73 males [54.1%]) answered both measures of acceptability in the survey. Of these participants, 116 (85.9%) reported that social risk screening in their dermatology clinic was very or somewhat appropriate and 85 (63.0%) reported being completely or somewhat comfortable with having their social risks documented in the EHR. Themes that were developed from surveys and interviews were the (1) role of interpersonal factors in willingness to disclose social risks, (2) implications of institutional trust for willingness to disclose and comfort with documentation, and (3) relevance of screening in a dermatology clinic. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this study showed that most participants found social risk screening to be appropriate in a dermatology clinic, although a smaller proportion of participants were comfortable with EHR documentation of their social risks. Optimizing patients’ trust in their physicians and the medical system, while addressing privacy and discrimination concerns, may help facilitate disclosure of social risks.
Error in Table
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

David B. Carr, MD; Kebede Beyene, PhD; Jason Doherty, PhD; Samantha A. Murphy, MA; Ann M. Johnson, HS; Hailee Domash, BA; Noah Riley, BA; Alexis Walker, BA; Ashwin Sabapathy, PhD; John C. Morris, MD; Ganesh M. Babulal, PhD, OTD
Realigning Priorities in the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: James E. Udelson, Gregg C. Fonarow, Robert O. Bonow
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Identifying Barriers to Initiation of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Therapy in Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction—Reply
Authors: Jacob B. Pierce, Gregg C. Fonarow, Stephen J. Greene
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Antivirals Might Preserve Insulin in New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Qiliqiangxin: A multifaceted holistic treatment for heart failure or a pharmacological probe for the identification of cardioprotective mechanisms?
Authors: Milton Packer
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2023)

The active ingredients in many traditional Chinese medicines are isoprene oligomers with a diterpenoid or triterpenoid structure, which exert cardiovascular effects by signalling through nutrient surplus and nutrient deprivation pathways. Qiliqiangxin (QLQX) is a commercial formulation of 11 different plant ingredients, whose active compounds include astragaloside IV, tanshione IIA, ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg1 and Re) and periplocymarin. In the QUEST trial, QLQX reduced the combined risk of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization (hazard ratio 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.68-0.90), based on 859 events in 3119 patients over a median of 18.2 months; the benefits were seen in patients taking foundational drugs except for sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Numerous experimental studies of QLQX in diverse cardiac injuries have yielded highly consistent findings. In marked abrupt cardiac injury, QLQX mitigated cardiac injury by upregulating nutrient surplus signalling through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α/NRF2 pathway; the benefits of QLQX were abrogated by suppression of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, HIF-1α or NRF2. In contrast, in prolonged measured cardiac stress (as in chronic heart failure), QLQX ameliorated oxidative stress, maladaptive hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways, while enhancing mitochondrial health and promoting glucose and fatty acid oxidation and ATP production. These effects are achieved by an action of QLQX to upregulate nutrient deprivation signalling through SIRT1/AMPK/PGC-1α and enhanced autophagic flux. In particular, QLQX appears to enhance the interaction of PGC-1α with PPARα, possibly by direct binding to RXRα; silencing of SIRT1, PGC-1α and RXRα abrogated the favourable effects of QLQX in the heart. Since PGC-1α/RXRα is also a downstream effector of Akt/mTOR signalling, the actions of QLQX on PGC-1α/RXRα may explain its favourable effects in both acute and chronic stress. Intriguingly, the individual ingredients in QLQX - astragaloside IV, ginsenosides, and tanshione IIA - share QLQX's effects on PGC-1α/RXRα/PPARα signalling. QXQL also contains periplocymarin, a cardiac glycoside that inhibits Na
Extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT) neutralization counteracts T cell immune evasion in breast cancer
Authors: Cristina Travelli, Giorgia Colombo, Martina Aliotta, Francesca Fagiani, Natalia Fava, Rita De Sanctis, Ambra A Grolla, Joe G N Garcia, Nausicaa Clemente, Paola Portararo, Massimo Costanza, Fabrizio Condorelli, Mario Paolo Colombo, Sabina Sangaletti, Armando A Genazzani
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2023)

Background Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a key intracellular enzyme that participates in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) homeostasis as well as a released cytokine (eNAMPT) that is elevated in inflammatory conditions and in cancer. In patients with breast cancer, circulating eNAMPT is elevated and its plasma levels correlate with prognosis and staging. In light of this, we investigated the contribution of eNAMPT in triple negative mammary carcinoma progression by investigating the effect of its neutralization via a specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody (C269). Methods We used female BALB/c mice injected with 4T1 clone 5 cells and female C57BL6 injected with EO771 cells, evaluating tumoral size, spleen weight and number of metastases. We injected two times a week the anti-eNAMPT neutralizing antibody and we sacrificed the mice after 28 days. Harvested tumors were analyzed by histopathology, flow cytometry, western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and RNA sequencing to define tumor characteristics (isolating tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and tumoral cells) and to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the observed phenotype. Moreover, we dissected the functional relationship between T cells and tumoral cells using three-dimensional (3D) co-cultures. Results The neutralization of eNAMPT with C269 led to decreased tumor size and reduced number of lung metastases. RNA sequencing and functional assays showed that eNAMPT controlled T-cell response via the programmed death-ligand 1/programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1/PD-1) axis and its neutralization led to a restoration of antitumoral immune responses. In particular, eNAMPT neutralization was able to activate CD8 + IFNγ + GrzB + T cells, reducing the immunosuppressive phenotype of T regulatory cells. Conclusions These studies indicate for the first time eNAMPT as a novel immunotherapeutic target for triple negative breast cancer.
Modification of Lugano criteria by pre-infusion tumor kinetics improves early survival prediction for patients with lymphoma under chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy
Authors: Michael Winkelmann, Viktoria Blumenberg, Kai Rejeski, Christina Quell, Veit Bücklein, Maria Ingenerf, Marcus Unterrainer, Christian Schmidt, Franziska J Dekorsy, Peter Bartenstein, Jens Ricke, Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon, Marion Subklewe, Wolfgang G Kunz
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2023)

Background Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CART) is effective for patients with refractory or relapsed lymphoma with prolongation of survival. We aimed to improve the prediction of Lugano criteria for overall survival (OS) at 30-day follow-up (FU1) by including the pre-infusion tumor growth rate (TGR pre-BL ) and its early change to 30-day FU1 imaging (TGR post-BL ). Methods Consecutive patients with pre-baseline (pre-BL), baseline (BL) and FU1 imaging with CT or positron emission tomography/CT before CART were included. TGR was defined as change of Lugano criteria-based tumor burden between pre-BL, BL and FU1 examinations in relation to days between imaging examinations. Overall response and progression-free survival were determined based on Lugano criteria. Proportional Cox regression analysis studied association of TGR with OS. For survival analysis, OS was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Results Fifty-nine out of 81 patients met the inclusion criteria. At 30-day FU1 8 patients (13.6%) had a complete response (CR), 25 patients (42.4%) a partial response (PR), 15 patients (25.4%) a stable disease (SD), and 11 patients (18.6%) a progressive disease (PD) according to CT-based Lugano criteria. The median TGR pre-BL was −0.6 mm 2 /day, 24.4 mm 2 /day, −5.1 mm 2 /day, and 18.6 mm 2 /day and the median TGR post-BL was −16.7 mm 2 /day, −102.0 mm 2 /day, −19.8 mm 2 /day and 8.5 mm 2 /day in CR, PR, SD, and PD patients, respectively. PD patients could be subclassified into a cohort with an increase in TGR (7 of 11 patients (64%), PD TGR pre-to-post-BL INCR ) and a cohort with a decrease in TGR (4 of 11 patients (36%), PD TGR pre-to-post-BL DECR ) from pre-BL to post-BL. PD TGR pre-to-post-BL DECR patients exhibited similar OS to patients classified as SD, while PD TGR pre-to-post-BL INCR patients had significantly shorter OS (65 days vs 471 days, p&lt;0.001). Conclusion In the context of CART, the additional use of TGR pre-BL and its change to TGR post-BL determined at 30-day FU1 showed better OS prognostication for patients with overall PD according to Lugano criteria. Therefore, this modification of the Lugano classification should be explored as a potential novel imaging biomarker of early response and should be validated prospectively in future studies.
Racial differences in low value care among older adult Medicare patients in US health systems: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ishani Ganguli, Matthew B Mackwood, Ching-Wen Wendy Yang, Maia Crawford, Kathleen L Mulligan, A James O’Malley, Elliott S Fisher, Nancy E Morden
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Abstract Objective To characterize racial differences in receipt of low value care (services that provide little to no benefit yet have potential for harm) among older Medicare beneficiaries overall and within health systems in the United States. Design Retrospective cohort study Setting 100% Medicare fee-for-service administrative data (2016–18). Participants Black and White Medicare patients aged 65 or older as of 2016 and attributed to 595 health systems in the United States. Main outcome measures Receipt of 40 low value services among Black and White patients, with and without adjustment for patient age, sex, and previous healthcare use. Additional models included health system fixed effects to assess racial differences within health systems and separately, racial composition of the health system’s population to assess the relative contributions of individual patient race and health system racial composition to low value care receipt. Results The cohort included 9 833 304 patients (6.8% Black; 57.9% female). Of 40 low value services examined, Black patients had higher adjusted receipt of nine services and lower receipt of 20 services than White patients. Specifically, Black patients were more likely to receive low value acute diagnostic tests, including imaging for uncomplicated headache (6.9% v 3.2%) and head computed tomography scans for dizziness (3.1% v 1.9%). White patients had higher rates of low value screening tests and treatments, including preoperative laboratory tests (10.3% v 6.5%), prostate specific antigen tests (31.0% v 25.7%), and antibiotics for upper respiratory infections (36.6% v 32.7%; all P&lt;0.001). Secondary analyses showed that these differences persisted within given health systems and were not explained by Black and White patients receiving care from different systems. Conclusions Black patients were more likely to receive low value acute diagnostic tests and White patients were more likely to receive low value screening tests and treatments. Differences were generally small and were largely due to differential care within health systems. These patterns suggest potential individual, interpersonal, and structural factors that researchers, policy makers, and health system leaders might investigate and address to improve care quality and equity.
Time to treat the climate and nature crisis as one indivisible global health emergency
Authors: Kamran Abbasi, Parveen Ali, Virginia Barbour, Thomas Benfield, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Stephen Hancocks, Richard Horton, Laurie Laybourn-Langton, Robert Mash, Peush Sahni, Wadeia Mohammad Sharief, Paul Yonga, Chris Zielinski
Journal: BMJ (2023)
Trusts are accused of using foreign doctors as “cheap labour” in fellowship schemes
Authors: Madlen Davies
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Trusts are accused of using foreign doctors as "cheap labour" in fellowship schemes Overseas doctors on an England-wide trainee scheme are being paid less than trainees employed by trusts and face reduced benefits, finds Madlen Davies Madlen Davies investigations editor English hospital trusts have been accused of using doctors from overseas as "cheap labour" as part of fellowship schemes in which they can be paid less than doctors employed by trusts and sent home if they become pregnant, The BMJ has found.
Time to Treat the Climate and Nature Crisis as One Indivisible Global Health Emergency
Authors: Kamran Abbasi, Parveen Ali, Virginia Barbour, Thomas Benfield, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Stephen Hancocks, Richard Horton, Laurie Laybourn-Langton, Robert Mash, Peush Sahni, Wadeia Mohammad Sharief, Paul Yonga, Chris Zielinski
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2023)

Over 200 health journals call on the United Nations, political leaders, and health professionals to recognize that climate change and biodiversity loss are one indivisible crisis and must be tackled together to preserve health and avoid catastrophe.This overall environmental crisis is now so severe as to be a global health emergency.The world is currently responding to the climate crisis and the nature crisis as if they were separate challenges.This is a dangerous mistake.The 28th Conference of the Parties (COP) on climate change is about to be held in Dubai while the 16th COP on biodiversity is due to be held in Turkey in 2024.The research communities that provide the evidence for the 2 COPs are unfortunately largely separate, but they were brought together for a workshop in 2020 when they concluded that "Only by considering climate and biodiversity as parts of the same complex problem…can solutions be developed that avoid maladaptation and maximize the beneficial outcomes." 1 As the health world has recognized with the development of the concept of planetary health, the natural world is made up of one overall interdependent system.Damage to one subsystem can create feedback that damages another-for example, drought, wildfires, floods, and the other effects of rising global temperatures destroy plant life and lead to soil erosion and so inhibit carbon storage, which means more global warming. 2 Climate change is set to overtake deforestation and other land-use change as the primary driver of nature loss. 3ature has a remarkable power to restore.For example, deforested land can revert to forest through natural regeneration, and marine phytoplankton, which act as natural carbon stores, turn over 1 billion tons of photosynthesizing biomass every 8 days. 4Indigenous land and sea management has a particularly important role to play in regeneration and continuing care. 5estoring one subsystem can help another-for example, replenishing soil could help remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere on a vast scale. 6But actions that may benefit one subsystem can harm another-for example, planting forests with one type of tree can remove carbon dioxide from the air but can damage the biodiversity that is fundamental to healthy ecosystems.