tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An unusual outbreak in the Netherlands: community-onset impetigo caused by a meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with additional resistance to fusidic acid, June 2018 to January 2020
Authors: Karuna E.W. Vendrik, Ed J. Kuijper, Marieke Dimmendaal, Welmoed Silvis, Els Denie-Verhaegh, Annemarie de Boer, Bent Postma, Annelot F. Schoffelen, Wilhelmina L.M. Ruijs, Fleur M.H.P.A. Koene, Mariska Petrignani, Mariëtte Hooiveld, Sandra Witteveen, Leo M. Schouls, Daan W. Notermans
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

In this retrospective observational study, we analysed a community outbreak of impetigo with meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with additional resistance to fusidic acid (first-line treatment). The outbreak occurred between June 2018 and January 2020 in the eastern part of the Netherlands with an epidemiological link to three cases from the north-western part. Forty nine impetigo cases and eight carrier cases were identified, including 47 children. All but one impetigo case had community-onset of symptoms. Pharmacy prescription data for topical mupirocin and fusidic acid and GP questionnaires suggested an underestimated outbreak size. The 57 outbreak isolates were identified by the Dutch MRSA surveillance as MLVA-type MT4627 and sequence type 121, previously reported only once in 2014. Next-generation sequencing revealed they contained a fusidic acid resistance gene, exfoliative toxin genes and an epidermal cell differentiation inhibitor gene. Whole-genome multilocus sequence typing revealed genetic clustering of all 19 sequenced isolates from the outbreak region and isolates from the three north-western cases. The allelic distances between these Dutch isolates and international isolates were high. This outbreak shows the appearance of community-onset MRSA strains with additional drug resistance and virulence factors in a country with a low prevalence of antimicrobial resistance.
Finding of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales in wild game meat originating from several European countries: predominance of Moellerella wisconsensis producing CTX-M-1, November 2021
Authors: Magdalena Nüesch-Inderbinen, Silvan Tresch, Katrin Zurfluh, Nicole Cernela, Michael Biggel, Roger Stephan
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

Introduction Meat can be a vehicle for food-borne transmission of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes. The occurrence of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacterales has been observed in meat from livestock production but has not been well studied in meat from wild game. Aim We aimed to investigate, particularly in central Europe, to what extent ESBL-producing Enterobacterales may be present in wild game meat. Methods A total of 111 samples of different types of game meat supplied by butchers, hunters, retail stores and a large game-processing establishment in Europe were screened for ESBL-producing Enterobacterales using a selective culture medium. Isolates were genotypically and phenotypically characterised. Results Thirty-nine samples (35% of the total) yielded ESBL-producing Enterobacterales, with most (35/39) supplied by the game-processing establishment. Isolates included 32 Moellerella wisconsensis , 18 Escherichia coli and one Escherichia marmotae . PCR screening identified bla CTX-M-1 (n = 31), bla CTX-M-32 (n = 8), bla CTX-M-65 (n = 4), bla CTX-M-15 (n = 3), bla CTX-M-8 (n = 1), bla CTX-M-14 (n = 1), bla CTX-M-55 (n = 1), and bla SHV-12 (n = 2). Most E. coli belonged to phylogenetic group A (n = 7) or B1 (n = 9), but several isolates belonged to extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) sequence types (ST)58 (n = 4), ST68 (n = 1) and ST540 (n = 1). Whole genome sequencing of six selected isolates localised bla CTX-M-1 on megaplasmids in four M. wisconsensis and bla CTX-M-32 on IncN_1 plasmids in one M. wisconsensis and one E. marmotae . Forty-eight isolates (94%) exhibited a multidrug-resistance phenotype. Conclusion We found a high occurrence of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales in wild game meat, suggesting wildlife habitat pollution and possible microbial contamination events occurring during skinning or cutting carcasses.
The World Health Organization’s public health intelligence activities during the COVID-19 pandemic response, December 2019 to December 2021
Authors: Eri Togami, Bridget Griffith, Mostafa Mahran, Ingrid H Nezu, Bernadette B Mirembe, Kaja Kaasik-Aaslav, Lidia Alexandrova-Ezerska, Amarnath Babu, Tika Ram Sedai, Masaya Kato, Heidi Abbas, Mahmoud Sadek, Pierre Nabeth, Lauren E. MacDonald, Lucía Hernández-García, Jeffrey Pires, Stefany Ildefonso, Mary Stephen, Theresa Min-Hyung Lee, Benido Impouma, Tamano Matsui, Sangjun Moon, Manilay Phenxay, Viema Biaukula, Ariuntuya Ochirpurev, Johannes Schnitzler, Julie Fontaine, Irena Djordjevic, Hannah Brindle, Jessica Kolmer, Martina McMenamin, Emilie Peron, Zyleen Kassamali, Blanche Greene-Cramer, Esther Hamblion, Philip Abdelmalik, Boris I Pavlin, Abdi Rahman Mahamud, Oliver Morgan
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) presented a unique opportunity for the World Health Organization (WHO) to utilise public health intelligence (PHI) for pandemic response. WHO systematically captured mainly unstructured information (e.g. media articles, listservs, community-based reporting) for public health intelligence purposes. WHO used the Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources (EIOS) system as one of the information sources for PHI. The processes and scope for PHI were adapted as the pandemic evolved and tailored to regional response needs. During the early months of the pandemic, media monitoring complemented official case and death reporting through the International Health Regulations mechanism and triggered alerts. As the pandemic evolved, PHI activities prioritised identifying epidemiological trends to supplement the information available through indicator-based surveillance reported to WHO. The PHI scope evolved over time to include vaccine introduction, emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, unusual clinical manifestations and upsurges in cases, hospitalisation and death incidences at subnational levels. Triaging the unprecedented high volume of information challenged surveillance activities but was managed by collaborative information sharing. The evolution of PHI activities using multiple sources in WHO's response to the COVID-19 pandemic illustrates the future directions in which PHI methodologies could be developed and used.
The herbarium of the future
Authors: Charles C. Davis
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2022)

The ~400 million specimens deposited across ~3000 herbaria are essential for: (i) understanding where plants have lived in the past, (ii) forecasting where they may live in the future, and (iii) delineating their conservation status. An open access 'global metaherbarium' is emerging as these specimens are digitized, mobilized, and interlinked online. This virtual biodiversity resource is attracting new users who are accelerating traditional applications of herbaria and generating basic and applied scientific innovations, including e-monographs and floras produced by diverse, interdisciplinary, and inclusive teams; robust machine-learning algorithms for species identification and phenotyping; collection and synthesis of ecological and genomic trait data at large spatiotemporal and phylogenetic scales; and exhibitions and installations that convey the beauty of plants and the value of herbaria in addressing broader societal issues.
Emergence of Tropheryma whipplei detection in respiratory samples by next-generation sequencing: Pathogen or innocent bystander?
Authors: Fanfan Xing, Stephanie W Lo, Min Liu, Chaowen Deng, Haiyan Ye, Linlin Sun, Jin Yang, Simon K F Lo, Susanna K P Lau, Patrick C Y Woo
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Reversing ferroptosis resistance by MOFs through regulation intracellular redox homeostasis
Authors: Chengcheng Wang, Jiao Wang, Xue Pan, Shuang Yu, Meiqi Chen, Yan Gao, Zilin Song, Haiyang Hu, Xiuli Zhao, Dawei Chen, Fei Han, Mingxi Qiao
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2022)

As a non-apoptotic cell death form, ferroptosis offers an alternative approach to overcome cancer chemotherapy resistance. However, accumulating evidence indicates cancer cells can develop ferroptosis resistance by evolving antioxidative defense mechanisms. To address this issue, we prepared a Buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) loaded metal organic framework (MOF) of BSO-MOF-HA (BMH) with the combination effect of boosting oxidative damage and inhibiting antioxidative defense. MOF nanoparticle was constructed by the photosensitizer of [4,4,4,4-(porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl) tetrakis (benzoic acid)] (TCPP) and the metal ion of Zr6, which was further decorated with hyaluronic acid (HA) in order to impart active targeting to CD44 receptors overexpressed cancer cells. BMH exhibited a negative charge and spherical shape with average particle size about 162.5 nm. BMH was found to restore the susceptibility of 4T1 cells to ferroptosis under irradiation. This was attributed to the combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor of BSO, shifting the redox balance to oxidative stress. Enhanced ferroptosis also induced the release of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to maturate dendritic cells and activated T lymphocytes, leading to superior anti-tumor performance in vivo. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that boosting oxidative damage with photosensitizer serves as an effective strategy to reverse ferroptosis resistance.
Chromatin modules and their implication in genomic organization and gene regulation
Authors: Guido van Mierlo, Olga Pushkarev, Judith F. Kribelbauer, Bart Deplancke
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2022)

Regulation of gene expression is a complex but highly guided process. While genomic technologies and computational approaches have allowed high-throughput mapping of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) and their interactions in 3D, their precise role in regulating gene expression remains obscure. Recent complementary observations revealed that interactions between CREs frequently result in the formation of small-scale functional modules within topologically associating domains. Such chromatin modules likely emerge from a complex interplay between regulatory machineries assembled at CREs, including site-specific binding of transcription factors. Here, we review the methods that allow identifying chromatin modules, summarize possible mechanisms that steer CRE interactions within these modules, and discuss outstanding challenges to uncover how chromatin modules fit in our current understanding of the functional 3D genome.
When patients are victims: access to online records and medical misconduct
Authors: Charlotte Blease
Journal: BMJ (2022)

misconduct Greater transparency can help patients and clinicians to identify and raise concerns, says Charlotte Blease Charlotte Blease research affiliate A review into the records of 44 patients who died while under the care of former Belfast Trust neurologist Michael Watt was published on 29 November 2022. 1 In 2018, concerns about the quality of Watt's care led to one of the biggest patient recalls in NHS history, and the largest ever in Northern Ireland.The review identified numerous concerns, including lack of proper clinical investigation, inaccurate diagnoses, poor prescribing practices, poor recording keeping, lack of openness and effective communication, inappropriate treatment, and the risks of clinicians working in isolation.
Acute Myocardial Infarction of the Left Main Coronary Artery Secondary to Embolism
Authors: Anival Trujillo Garcia, Enrique Verdugo Castro, Juan Manuel Palacios Rodriguez
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2022)

There are few reported cases of left main artery embolism and is usually fatal, the importance of atrial fibrillation as a cause of acute myocardial infarction and the treatment these patients should be offered, this case highlights the challenges faced during the management of this rare condition due to lack of clear-cut guidelines describing an evidence-based approach [1]. We describe the case of of LMCA thrombus that presented as ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in a patient with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation who was successfully treated with thrombus aspiration is presented. We highlight the importance of intravascular imaging to determine the underlying putative mechanism.
A Case of Middle Aged Women with Isolated Left Coronary ostial stenosis with Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zeine El Abasse, Sid Mhamed Ethman, Ahmed Eba
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2022)

Background: The stenosis of the ostial left anterior descending artery represents one of the challenges for the interventional cardiologist. In contrast ostial stenosis of the left main trunk shows very good results after percutaneous interventions and implantation of drug-eluting stents. The indications for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of an ostial lesion correspond to the indications for treatment of all other lesions. Case: A-56-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital who was initially admitted in the intensive care unit for a severe acute chest pain. She had no coronary risk factors. No hormonal disorders were observed. Physical and laboratory examinations revealed that she had not suffered from syphilis or aortitis syndrome or any other inflammatory diseases. An electrocardiogram (ECG) was immediately performed and showed ST segment non elevation in the precordial leads (Figure 1) suggesting an acute anterior ST Non elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). On coronary angiography, a 80% stenosis of the left coronary ostial stenosis was found, but no abnormality was found in other arterial trees. (Figure 2) The patient was diagnosed as having isolated coronary ostial stenosis. Conclusion: The patients are almost always middle aged woman with no coronary risk factors. , the involved coronary artery is the left main coronary artery, so its obstruction results in a serious condition. Therefore, though its pathogenesis remains to be determined, isolated left coronary ostial stenosis seems to be a distinct clinical entity.
Differences in ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) presentation and outcomes between 2019-2021 related to COVID-19
Authors: Rebekah Lantz
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2022)

Background and Aims: COVID-19 accounted for 12.2% deaths in the United States between March 2020 and October 2021, while heart disease deaths increased by 4.1% from 2019 to 2020. Our study analyses the differences in STEMI presentation from 2019-2021 and the potential outcome differences for years related to the COVID pandemic. Materials and Methods: A five-site retrospective study included 1001 STEMI-activated patients from January 2019 to December 2021. Patient demographics, risk factors, details of presentation and rationale for cath-lab activation were obtained as presentation details. Discharge status, intraprocedural death, major bleeding requiring transfusion, CABG status and indication, and time variables were obtained to evaluate outcomes. Results: For 1001 STEMI-activated patients, risk factors were cerebrovascular accident (CVA), for 2019 versus 2020. New onset angina was significant in 2019 and 2021 versus 2020. Worsening angina was significant in 2019 versus 2020 as rationale. Patients were similarly discharged alive and required similar transfusion. CABG indications were similar, with no between-year differences. There were not differences in time variables for patients Discharged-alive but for patients Discharged-deceased, there was increased procedure to discharge and length of stay (LOS) for 2021 versus 2020. Also, patients Discharged-alive in all three years had shorter mean door-to-balloon (DTB) times than patients who were discharged-deceased in 2021. Discussion: For COVID-relevant years 2019-2021, patients had similar backgrounds for a STEMI-activated presentation. Patients were 1.84 times more likely to have history of CVA when they presented in 2019 versus 2020. New onset angina was higher in 2019 and 2021 and worsening angina was significant in 2019. Therefore, 2019 seemed to be more representative of typical angina presentation, compared to COVID peak 2020 and afterward to 2021. There was no increased rate of deaths attributed to STEMI hospitalization indicating that patients may have delayed to seek care, possibly attributed to the impact of the COVID lockdown or died at home related to cardiac event rather than seek medical care. For secondary outcomes, transfusion was equally likely. There were delays in procedure to discharge, LOS, and DTB times for 2021 versus 2020, which may be related to overall resource limitations.
Relationship Between COVID-19 Virus, RAS System and Dysarthria: A Single Case Report
Authors: Nayana Narayanan, Abhisha S. B Baslp
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2022)

The seventh human coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was detected in Wuhan, China, during a recent pneumonia outbreak in January 2020. The virus has since spread all across the world. Fever, fatigue, and respiratory problems, which can progress to pneumonia, are some of the symptoms. Symptoms usually emerge between 2 and 14 days.
Coronary Artery Aneurysm and Ectasia: Spectrum of Aetio-Pathology, Clinical Presentation and Outcome
Authors: N John Camm, Erhan Tenekecioglu, Danilo Maksud, Ahmed Kamel, Francisco J. Somoza-Cano, S Singh
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2022)

The terms coronary artery ectasia and coronary artery aneurysm are used to describe aneurysmal dilation of coronary arteries. Coronary artery aneurysms and ectasia are uncommon and frequently incidental finding in patients advised Coronary Angiography for coronary artery disease evaluation. Aneurysmal dilation of coronary arteries is observed in up to 5% of patients undergoing coronary angiography and are usually describe a localised dilatation of a coronary artery segment more than 1.5-fold compared with adjacent normal segments. Aneurysms and ectasia are associated with a vast group of disorders, and the evaluation and characterization of coronary aneurysms and ectasia represent a great diagnostic task with clinical and therapeutic implications. The underlying etiology is variable and includes degenerative, congenital, inflammatory, infectious, toxic, and traumatic causes. Causative factors include atherosclerosis, Takayasu arteritis, congenital disorders, Kawasaki disease (KD), and percutaneous coronary intervention. Due to their poorly elucidated underlying mechanisms, their variable presentations, and the lack of large scale outcome data on their various treatment modalities, coronary artery aneurysms and coronary ectasia pose a challenge to the managing clinician. Unlike aneurysms, ectasia is more frequently seen in association with atherosclerosis or as a compensatory mechanism in those cases in which a proximal stenosis is noted in the opposite coronary artery; ectasia is also seen in some coronary artery anomalies, such as anomalous origin from the pulmonary artery, or as a result of a high-flow state, as seen in coronary artery fistulas. The natural history of CAAs remains unclear; however, several recent studies have postulated the underlying molecular mechanisms of CAAs, and genome-wide association studies have revealed several genetic predispositions to CAA. Controversies persist regarding the. The diagnostic approach depends on the clinical scenario, and nowadays, noninvasive evaluation with multidetector computed tomography is possible. The purpose of this review is to summarize the present knowledge of CAAs and collate the recent advances regarding the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and to provide a succinct review of aneurysmal coronary disease, with a special emphasis on the challenges associated with its interventional treatment.
Loss of LGR4/GPR48 causes severe neonatal salt wasting due to disrupted WNT signaling altering adrenal zonation
Authors: Cécily Lucas, Kay-Sara Sauter, Michael Steigert, Delphine Mallet, James Wilmouth, Julie Olabe, Ingrid Plotton, Yves Morel, Daniel Aeberli, Franca Wagner, Hans Clevers, Amit V. Pandey, Pierre Val, Florence Roucher-Boulez, Christa E. Flück
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

Disorders of isolated mineralocorticoid deficiency, which cause potentially life-threatening salt-wasting crisis early in life, have been associated with gene variants of aldosterone biosynthesis or resistance; however, in some patients no such variants are found. WNT/β-catenin signaling is crucial for differentiation and maintenance of the aldosterone-producing adrenal zona glomerulosa (zG). Herein, we describe a highly consanguineous family with multiple perinatal deaths and infants presenting at birth with failure to thrive, severe salt-wasting crises associated with isolated hypoaldosteronism, nail anomalies, short stature, and deafness. Whole exome sequencing revealed a homozygous splice variant in the R-SPONDIN receptor LGR4 gene (c.618-1G>C) regulating WNT signaling. The resulting transcripts affected protein function and stability and resulted in loss of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vitro. The impact of LGR4 inactivation was analyzed by adrenal cortex–specific ablation of Lgr4, using Lgr4fl/fl mice mated with Sf1:Cre mice. Inactivation of Lgr4 within the adrenal cortex in the mouse model caused decreased WNT signaling, aberrant zonation with deficient zG, and reduced aldosterone production. Thus, human LGR4 mutations establish a direct link between LGR4 inactivation and decreased canonical WNT signaling, which results in abnormal zG differentiation and endocrine function. Therefore, variants in WNT signaling and its regulators should systematically be considered in familial hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism.
When I use a word . . . . Coronership—a lexicographic puzzle
Authors: Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Coronership, the office of a coroner in England, dates back to at least the end of the 12th century, with the <i>Articles of Eyre</i> of 1194, instituted by Richard I. The word derives from the statute that referred to the new office: “Furthermore, a company of three soldiers and one cleric is to be elected in a suitable fashion as guardians of the pleas of the crown” or, in the original Latin, as recorded by the historian Roger of Hoveden, “Praeterea in quolibet comitatu eligantur tres milites et unus clericus custodes placitorum coronæ.” Although the original medieval Latin version of “coroner” was “coronarius,” it was later changed to “coronator,” from which the adjective “coronatorial,” used commonly throughout the 19th century, although less since then, derived. The current adjectival derivative of “coroner,” “coronial,” has also been widely in use since the start of the 19th century. However, in the <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i> “coronatorial” is marked as ”rare” and “coronial” is not included as a headword at all. Of all other major dictionaries, only <i>Webster’s New International Dictionary </i>of 1909 includes “coronatorial,” and none includes “coronial.” That needs to be rectified.