tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Investigators Seeking New Ways to Stem Rising Tide of Resistant Fungi
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

FOR DECADES, scientists and physicians have fretted over the seemingly diabolical ability of bacteria to evolve strategies for outmaneuvering antibiotics. Now pathogenic fungi using similar tactics are also registering on clinical radar screens. Partly a consequence of the AIDS epidemic, partly a by-product of medical advances, fungal infections have been on the rise during the past 2 decades. More recently, the emergence of fungi that are resistant to the modest arsenal of drugs used to treat them has raised the specter of the fungal equivalent of multidrug-resistant bacteria. "While we've become accustomed to appreciating the problems of antibacterial resistance, this level of resistance [by fungi] to antifungal drugs is historically unprecedented," says Thomas J. Walsh, MD, head of the immunocompromised host division of the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md. "Just 5 to 10 years ago, textbooks said the emergence of resistance to antifungals is a rare event. Now it is
Pulmonary Angiography in Lung Diseases
Authors: William B. Buckingham
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The early clinical studies with angiocardiography included cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and other chest diseases,<sup>1</sup>but cardiologists have been the major users of contrast visualization of the heart and great vessels—primarily to identify abnormal blood vessels, pathologic intracardiac chamber communications, altered valve function, and obstruction to flow through the coronary arteries. The diagnostic usefulness of pulmonary angiography in disease of the lungs is becoming increasingly important—particularly in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma<sup>2</sup>or pulmonary embolism.<sup>3</sup>Patients with lung tumors that involve major pulmonary vessels have such a poor prognosis following surgical resection that angiographic demonstration of such involvement may well be sufficient to contraindicate surgical therapy.<sup>4</sup>The use of cardiopulmonary bypass has made it possible to remove embolic obstructions within the pulmonary vascular bed. Angiographic verification of an obstruction is essential prior to such an attempt. The general value, common hazards, and technical principles of pulmonary angiography
Diseases of the Nose, Throat and Ear: A Handbook for Students and Practitioners
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Journal Editors and the Press: Cooperation Not Conflict
Authors: Lois DeBakey
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We have noted with interest the controversy between Arnold Relman, MD, and Gail McBride (1981;245:374). The statement attributed by<i>Time</i>to Dr Relman in "The Ingelfinger Rule" (1980;115:74) that "Until work has had peer review and has been published in full in a professional journal, it is half-baked" implies that peer review and journal publication ensure scientific validity. Such an implication is, unfortunately, at odds with reality, as anyone knows who reads medical journals critically. The reviewing system, as Lawrence D. Grouse, MD, PhD (1981;245:375), indicated, is far from infallible. Most scientific editors and reviewers are selected not because they have special training or skill in expository writing, scientific editing, or critical reviewing, but because they have achieved some recognition in their special disciplines.<sup>1</sup>In our courses in scientific writing for physicians and scientists, we use only published scientific reports, some from "prestigious" journals, to illustrate
The Autopsy in Clinical Quality Control
Authors: Alfred G. Scottolini
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The postmortem examination, despite declining rates, remains the final word in diagnostic quality control and a major tool in research and education. In 100 autopsies studied at our institution, it was found that 13% of major clinical diagnoses were not confirmed, and in 24% the cause of death was not in the clinical diagnoses. These figures demonstrate a higher clinical diagnostic accuracy rate than in previous studies, and the possible reasons for this are discussed. The length of hospital stay is not found to have any bearing on diagnostic accuracy. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:1192-1194)
'Into Whatever Houses I Enter'
Authors: Alan A. Wartenberg
Journal: JAMA (1994)

From the very beginning of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in the United States it was apparent that two major populations were affected: gay and bisexual men and injecting drug users (IDUs). Educational efforts aimed at behavioral change to reduce acquisition and transmission of the virus were considered the first line of defense. Such efforts had considerable impact in the gay and bisexual community, resulting in reductions in risk behaviors.<sup>1</sup>However, many clinicians held the belief that behavioral change would be difficult, if not impossible, in the population of IDUs.<sup>2,3</sup> There have been several indications that positive lifestyle changes and improved medical outcomes in IDUs can occur. It has been demonstrated that IDUs enrolled in a methadone program can receive primary care with high levels of attendance and compliance with medical regimens,<sup>4</sup>and similar compliance rates with IDUs have been achieved in general medical settings.<sup>5,6</sup>
Evolution of Genome Size in Drosophila. Is the Invader's Genome Being Invaded by Transposable Elements?
Authors: Cristina Vieira, Christiane Nardon, Christophe Arpin, David Lepetit, Christian Biémont
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Genome size varies considerably between species, and transposable elements (TEs) are known to play an important role in this variability. However, it is far from clear whether TEs are involved in genome size differences between populations within a given species. We show here that in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans the size of the genome varies among populations and is correlated with the TE copy number on the chromosome arms. The TEs embedded within the heterochromatin do not seem to be involved directly in this phenomenon, although they may contribute to differences in genome size. Furthermore, genome size and TE content variations parallel the worldwide colonization of D. melanogaster species. No such relationship exists for the more recently dispersed D. simulans species, which indicates that a quantitative increase in the TEs in local populations and fly migration are sufficient to account for the increase in genome size, with no need for an adaptation hypothesis.
Subacute Painful Myopathy From Chronic Propoxyphene Napsylate Abuse
Authors: Marinos C. Dalakas
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A number of drugs may produce an acute or subacute rapidly evolving myopathic syndrome of muscle pain, tenderness, and muscle weakness that is usually reversible if use of the responsible drug is withdrawn early at the onset.<sup>1</sup>To the list of the drugs previously reported,<sup>1</sup>I want to report another commonly used analgesic that, if abused, can cause severe myopathic symptoms and raise diagnostic dilemmas. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 42-year-old woman was being treated for at least three years with a steady dose of 600 mg of propoxyphene napsylate (Darvon-N) daily in divided doses for chronic low back pain, and with 75 mg of amitriptyline at bedtime for a chronic depressive neurosis. During the last six months she began to complain of extreme fatigue, low endurance, loss of energy, severe muscle pains, and weakness in her legs and arms, and she had difficulty climbing
Untoward Reactions of Cortisone and ACTH
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fulminant hepatic failure in childhood.
Authors: D T Purtilo
Journal: BMJ (1981)

New media campaigns hold great potential to grow public awareness about the dangers of tobacco use and advance tobacco control policies, including in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), which have shared in a decade of explosive growth in mobile and internet penetration. With the majority of deaths from the tobacco epidemic occurring in LMICs, new media must be harnessed both as an advocacy tool to promote social mobilisation around tobacco issues and to build public support for MPOWER policies. This paper examines three consecutive new media advocacy campaigns that used communication channels such as mobile SMS, Facebook and online advertising to promote tobacco control policies. It includes some of the lessons learned, such as the pitfalls of relying on viral growth as a strategy for obtaining reach and campaign growth; the challenge of translating strategies from traditional media to new media; and the importance of incorporating marketing strategies such as paid advertising, community organising or public relations. It also identifies some of the many knowledge gaps and proposes future research directions.
Immunologic Modification of Runt Disease in Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

The immunocompetence of cells from various organs of the lymphohematopoiefic system of strain BN rats was evaluated in terms of their ability to mitigate or prevent runt disease when inoculated, together with a known lethal number of Lewis lymph node cells, into BN newborns. The results demonstrated that lymph node cells are immunologically more competent than spleen cells in counteracting the effect of the allogeneic cells, and that thymocytes and bone marrow cells are virtually ineffective. A synergism between spleen cells and thymocytes was demonstrated. Moreover, lymph node and spleen cells from sensitized donors were much more effective than similar cells from unsensitized animals.—J Natl Cancer Inst 49: 1115–1119, 1972.
NIH Scientists Retract Published Report
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

FRAUDULENT SCIENCE published, detected, admitted, and retracted in the journal in which the paper originally appeared. Matter closed? The answer is no. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass, now has announced that the central figure in the situation, third-year student Mitchell H. Rosner, may not continue his studies there. In March 1991, the journal<i>Cell</i>published a paper by National Cancer Institute researchers, reporting evidence that early embryonic cell division in the mouse is controlled by a maternal transcription factor regulated by a gene called Oct-3 (<i>Cell</i>. 1991;64:1103-1110). The work had its foundations in earlier studies on the Oct-3 gene that have been independently confirmed (<i>Nature</i>. 1990; 354:686-692). <h3>Cell Report</h3> The<i>Cell</i>paper reported experiments showing that when Oct-3 was neutralized, embryonic DNA synthesis was inhibited and the fertilized embryos never got beyond one-cell division. Conversely, when the blocking agent preventing the Oct-3 transcription factor from operating was removed, cell division
Physicians and the Marketplace
Authors: F. J. L. Blasingame
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A physician today whose interest extends beyond the immediate circumstances of his own career and encompasses the future of the medical profession as a whole must often feel that he could well declaim with Shakespeare's<i>Hamlet</i>: "The time is out of joint; O cursed spite,/That ever I was born to set it right!" Certainly the time does appear to be out of joint, and members of the medical profession must accept the responsibility of providing leadership in setting it right. In the situation of the profession and of the entire health care field there seems to be a series of paradoxes which defy easy solution. As patients, people respect their individual physicians, but, as members of the public, those same people may seriously question the motives and methods of the medical profession. More advances in the science of medicine and in the techniques of care have been developed in the
Increase of Epstein-Barr-Virus-Positive Cells in EB3 Cultures After Treatment With Cis-Dichloro-Diammine-Platinum (II)
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Journal Article Increase of Epstein-Barr-Virus-Positive Cells in EB3 Cultures After Treatment With Cis-Dichloro-Diammine-Platinum (II) Get access Vladimír Vonka, M.D., Vladimír Vonka, M.D. Department of Experimental Virology, Institute of Sera and Vaccines, Prague; and Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Prague, Czechoslovakia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Luda Kutinová, Ph.D., Luda Kutinová, Ph.D. Department of Experimental Virology, Institute of Sera and Vaccines, Prague; and Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Prague, Czechoslovakia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jaroslav Drobník, Ph.D., Jaroslav Drobník, Ph.D. Department of Experimental Virology, Institute of Sera and Vaccines, Prague; and Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Prague, Czechoslovakia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jiřina Bräuerová, Ph.D. Jiřina Bräuerová, Ph.D. Department of Experimental Virology, Institute of Sera and Vaccines, Prague; and Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Prague, Czechoslovakia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 48, Issue 5, May 1972, Pages 1277–1282, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/48.5.1277 Published: 01 May 1972 Article history Received: 29 October 1971 Accepted: 21 January 1972 Published: 01 May 1972
A Practical Medical Dictionary.
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
GMC: approaching the abyss
Authors: B. Keighley
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> In naturally competent <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> cells the acquisition of closely related genes occurs <i>via</i> homology-directed chromosomal transformation (CT), and its frequency decreases log-linearly with increased sequence divergence (SD) up to 15%. Beyond this and up to 23% SD the interspecies boundary prevails, the CT frequency marginally decreases, and short (&lt;10-nucleotides) segments are integrated <i>via</i> homology-facilitated micro-homologous integration. Both poorly known CT mechanisms are RecA-dependent. Here we identify the recombination proteins required for the acquisition of interspecies DNA. The absence of AddAB, RecF, RecO, RuvAB or RecU, crucial for repair-by-recombination, does not affect CT. However, inactivation of <i>dprA, radA, recJ, recX</i> or <i>recD2</i> strongly interfered with CT. Interspecies CT was abolished beyond ~8% SD in Δ<i>dprA</i>, ~10% in Δ<i>recJ</i>, Δ<i>radA</i>, Δ<i>recX</i> and 14% in Δ<i>recD2</i> cells. We propose that DprA, RecX, RadA/Sms, RecJ and RecD2 help RecA to unconstrain speciation and gene flow. These functions are ultimately responsible for generating genetic diversity and facilitate CT and gene acquisition from bacteria of the same genus.
Malathion for Treatment of Pediculus humanus var capitis Infestation
Authors: David Taplin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

One hundred fifteen subjects took part in a double-blind study comparing the efficacy and safety of 0.5% malathion lotion (Prioderm lotion) and the alcoholic vehicle of the lotion as pediculicides in the treatment of head lice. The subjects, with a mean age of 9 years, had long-standing lice infestations and at least 20 viable ova. The subjects were treated with the test preparation, which was allowed to remain on the hair for 12 hours. Ovicidal and pediculicidal efficacy for the malathion lotion was significant; overall clinical evaluation by the investigators showed a significant number of moderate to marked therapeutic responses to malathion lotion. Only one adverse reaction (in the malathion lotion group) was reported, the stinging of pyodermal lesions in reaction to the alcoholic vehicle. Other concomitant scalp diseases were unchanged or improved at the end of the study. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:3103-3105)
Intrahepatic Lithiasis
Authors: G Bondaza, C Bagarolo, S Cesaro
Journal: JAMA (1963)

From 1982 to 1993 9 patients with primary intrahepatic lithiasis and 49 with secondary intrahepatic lithiasis were treated. Out of the first group of patients, 2 underwent right hepatectomy, 2 left hepatectomy and 1 lithotomy + hepatico-jejunostomy. No death occurred within thirty days from operation: morbidity occurred as a consequence of wound infection in one case and bronchopulmonary complications in two cases. At follow-up (6 months-11 years) 1 cholangitis and 1 relapse were found. Secondary intrahepatic lithiasis was treated as follows: in 15 cases we performed lithotomy + cholangio-jejunostomy + 9 postoperative percutaneous transhepatic cholangio-jejunostomy + 9 postoperative percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopies (PTCS) + 2 cutaneous jejunostomies; in 5 cases lithotomy + papillosphincteroplasty (PSP) + Kehr + 1 trans-Kehr fiber cholangioscopy (PTKCS); in 1 case lithotomy + choledochoduodenostomy (CDS); in 3 cases right hepatectomy and in 4 cases left hepatectomy; in 14 cases lithotomy + hepatico-jejunostomy; in 5 cases PTKCS alone and in 2 cases PTCS alone. Overall mortality summed up to one case only. Overall morbidity occurred in the shape of two biliary fistulas, 3 subhepatic abscesses, 8 bronchopulmonary complications, 4 wound infections, 1 ileal perforation. Follow-up (6 months-11 years) revealed 2 stenosis of the biliodigestive anastomosis, 3 cholangitis relapses and 2 relapsing lithiasis. Since 18 cases were successfully treated through postoperative fiber cholangioscopy, the authors come to the conclusion that in all cases not requiring hepatectomy due to monolateral lithiasis, it is always advisable to leave open an access to the biliary tract, which might allow further improving maneuvers after surgery.
The Medical Annual: A Year Book of Treatment and Practitioner's Index.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal