tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE NATURE OF AUSTRALIA ANTIGEN AND ITS RELATION TO ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEX FORMATION
Authors: Baruch S. Blumberg, Irving Millman, Alton I. Sutnick, W. Thomas London
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

There is considerable data to support the hypothesis that Australia antigen is an infectious agent that causes hepatitis in man. (a) Association with acute viral hepatitis. (b) Association with chronic hepatitis. (c) Virus-like appearance under the electron microscope (200-A particles). (d) Transmission of Au(1) from man to man. (e) Transmission and passage of partially purified Au(1) to an animal host (infant African green monkey). (f) Localization [with fluorescent anti-Au(1)] of Au(1) in the nuclei of liver cells of patients with hepatitis and/or Au(1) in their blood. (g) Distribution of Au(1) in institutions, disease groups, and populations is consistent with the distribution of an infectious agent. (h) RNA identified in Au(1) particles isolated from blood. (i) Apparent replication of Australia antigen in tissue cultures of human liver cells. There is also considerable evidence that Australia antigen has many of the characteristics of a serum protein polymorphism. Since neither of these hypotheses has been rejected they can be combined to make a third hypothesis, namely, that Australia antigen is an infectious agent which causes hepatitis in some people infected with it and that it has the characteristics of an (inhertied) serum protein polymorphism. We propose calling agents of this postulated class "Icrons."
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Bart L. Scott, H. Joachim Deeg
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2010)

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a collection of stem cell disorders characterized by impaired hematopoiesis resulting in low peripheral blood counts. The majority of patients with MDS present with symptoms related to anemia; however, bleeding and infection are the most common causes of death. The median age of diagnosis is 72 and the median survival is 2.5 years. Lenalidomide, azacitidine, and decitabine are all FDA-approved agents to treat MDS; however, the only potential cure for MDS remains stem cell transplantation.
Pharmacological Appraisal of Fixed-Dose Combination Medicines: Discussion Paper
Authors: Eric S Snell
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1982)

Combination medicines can offer advantages over single products and over multiple drug regimes; at present they account for about one-third of medicines used in general practice and one-fifth in hospital. The alleged disadvantages of such products are mostly theoretical or doctrinal, with the strongest being an objection to the fixed ratio of the ingredients. Nearly all medicines are a formulated mixture of several chemicals and a single active ingredient may be metabolized to a variety of substances with different therapeutic and toxic effects. Hence, the basis of this main objection must be to the fixed ratio of the properties of the multiple ingredients. However, most single drugs, as well as most physiological substances, induce a range of different actions in the body in fixed ratio. Homeostasis is achieved through multicomponent pathways and as such may have advantages in the quality of control compared with the use of any single effector; the same principle may apply pharmacologically in the long-term stabilization of functions such as blood pressure and blood sugar. Thus, discrimination against combination medicines per se on these pharmacological grounds is questionable and should not be allowed to hamper a potentially useful area of therapeutic research. Some recent combination products have provided notable advances in therapeutics and suggest that this could be extended in ways that would not involve the cost and lengthy development of new single-chemical entities.
Diet and Coronary Heart Disease
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
When medical students go off the rails
Authors: J. H S Fuller
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Concerns of clinicians and patients need to be addressed firstEditor-Chantler and Johnson suggested that patients should receive copies of letters and summaries. 1We have researched this subject in our practice since 1998. 2 Our experience of copying referral letters received such a positive response from patients that we have been doing this routinely for the past year and a half.In a recent postal survey of 300 patients who had received copies of letters, 229 replied (response rate 76%), 220 (97%) of them saying that they would like to receive copies in future.Most of the respondents (184, 80%) believed that this should become routine NHS policy and should receive priority funding.Few concerns were raised about understanding the letters, and patients did not report increased anxiety; rather, they were reassured that their problem was being dealt with and they could understand why they were being referred.Copying letters has not notably increased workload for doctors in our practice in terms of extra consulting time with patients, but financial costs are incurred in additional administrative time, stationery, and postage.We therefore broadly agree with Chantler and Johnson's argument that this is a policy that, if adequately funded, should be implemented forthwith.We have, however, also just completed a series of interviews with a random sample of local general practitioners, all of whom raised some important concerns.They worry about how to write letters that are both comprehensible for patients and informative for professional colleagues, and how to avoid anxiety in patients when writing about tentative but potentially serious differential diagnoses.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

The alpha-receptor for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGFRα) can confer bone-metastatic potential to selected prostate malignant phenotypes. Russell and colleagues studied the ability of IMC-3G3 (a humanized, monoclonal antibody targeting PDGFRα) to impair progression of both early and established skeletal metastases in an animal model of hematogenous dissemination. IMC-3G3, used alone or in combination with the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid, prolonged survival of animals bearing skeletal tumors from prostate cancer cells. These results suggest that targeting PDGFRα may have significant therapeutic value to counteract bone metastatic disease in prostate cancer patients.Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling is commonly deregulated in cancers and is critical for tumor progression. To study the role of PI3K in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), Edling and colleagues analyzed the expression of the different PI3K isoforms in PDAC tissues and normal counterparts. They found cancerselective overexpression of the PI3K class IB catalytic subunit p110g. Furthermore, PI3K/p110g was shown to be necessary for proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell lines, indicating that overexpression has a functional role in pancreatic cancer progression. These results suggest that selective targeting of PI3K/wp110g may be an effective therapeutic strategy for treatment of PDAC.Evaluation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) allows for assessment of disease status and therapeutic efficacy. Lin and colleagues developed a parylene-based portable microfilter device for size-based CTC capture. Compared with the FDA-approved CellSearch® platform, the microfilter demonstrated superior CTC capture efficiency and enrichment in model systems and blood samples from cancer patients. The portable device may allow rapid processing even at point-of-care, and could be used for performing molecular analysis of CTCs. The evaluation of CTCs using this microfilter device has the potential to impact the management and treatment of cancer patients.Success of cancer immunotherapy depends on the balance between effector T cells and suppressive immune regulatory mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment. Jacobs and colleagues treated metastatic melanoma patients with the anti-CD25 antibody daclizumab prior to dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination. Although daclizumab effectively depleted CD4+FoxP3+CD25high regulatory T cells (Tregs) from the peripheral circulation, this did not enhance the efficacy of the DC vaccine. Residual daclizumab functionally suppressed de novo–induced CD25+ effector cells during DC vaccinations. These results stress that, for immunotherapeutic benefit of transient Treg depletion, timing and dosing, as well as Treg specificity of the depleting compound, are important.
Drug Testing and the Toilet Bowl Blues
Authors: H. Westley Clark
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Workplace drug testing continues to be a major issue in the United States. As commentators debate the propriety of random workplace drug testing, the knowledge base about the process of drug testing continues to evolve. The formal drug testing programs sanctioned by the Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Transportation rely on a series of security procedures to discourage the dilution of a specimen or the substitution of a false specimen for a real specimen. One such measure is the placement of bluing in the toilet bowl at the collection site to prevent a specimen "donor" from either substituting toilet water for a urine specimen or diluting a real urine specimen with toilet water.<sup>1</sup> We would like to remind practitioners in the field, especially physicians working as medical review officers, that there are legitimate medications that contain methylene blue (Prosed, Webcon Pharmaceuticals,
Transactions of the Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland.
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 12, 20 June 1990, Pages 1004–1005, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.12.1004 Published: 20 June 1990
Helping airline passengers
Authors: A. E H Emery, J C Merritt, W A. Wallace, J. Cheng, P. Dowling
Journal: BMJ (1999)

# Guidance on legal position would be helpful {#article-title-2} EDITOR—It is encouraging that the BMA wishes to clarify the position of doctors who give inflight help.1 Over the years, I have helped out with problems ranging from myocardial infarction with emergency flight diversion, sickle cell crisis, and dyspepsia associated with excessive alcohol intake, to a scorpion sting. Although I admitted that my emergency room experience was limited to my early years of training, the airline staff (all British Airways) have always been most grateful. They explained that it gave them comfort to know that there was a person with at least some professional training. Although I have always felt obliged to offer my help on these occasions and will continue to do so, guidance on one's legal position would be helpful. I presume that this will be influenced by several factors, including the airline, the nationalities of the passenger and the doctor, and the doctor's type of medical cover. As people travel more frequently and to greater distances, the problem is likely to get worse rather than better in future. 1. ↵1. Dyer C .Doctor demands payment for helping airline passenger.BMJ1998; 317:701. (12 September.) [OpenUrl][1][FREE Full Text][2] # Doctors who expect to be paid should say so in advance {#article-title-4} EDITOR—Dyer's news article on medical assistance for inflight emergencies1 raises several issues. Many airlines have well tested ground based medical arrangements with their own or contracted advisers, but onboard help is nonetheless always appreciated. Our own records show that the recent … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBMJ%26rft.stitle%253DBMJ%26rft.issn%253D0007-1447%26rft.aulast%253DDyer%26rft.auinit1%253DC.%26rft.volume%253D317%26rft.issue%253D7160%26rft.spage%253D701%26rft.epage%253D701%26rft.atitle%253DDoctor%2Bdemands%2Bpayment%2Bfor%2Bhelping%2Bairline%2Bpassenger%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fbmj.317.7160.701%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F9840998%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=FULL&journalCode=bmj&resid=317/7160/701&atom=%2Fbmj%2F318%2F7184%2F672.atom
Chimerism in Lymphoid Cell Culture Line Derived From Lymph Node of Marmoset Infected With &lt;italic&gt;Herpesvirus saimiri&lt;/italic&gt;
Authors: Elizabeth W. Chu, Alan S. Rabson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Marmosets are hematopoietic chimeras and those that are the product of a twin pregnancy with a fraternal twin of the opposite sex will contain both male and female hematopoietic cells. After infection with Herpesvirus saimiri, marmosets develop a fatal lymphoproliferative disease with histologic features of malignant lymphoma. A lymphoid cell line (MLC-1) derived from a lymph node of a marmoset with lymphoma-like lesions induced by H. saimiri was studied cytogenetically. It contained both male and female cells in equal proportions, thus eliminating the possibility of monoclonal origin. The proportion of male to female cells in the cultures remained essentially unchanged during 10 months' observation, indicating no selective advantage of cells of either sex in vitro.
Practical Methods in Biochemistry
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hydronephrosis in Infants and Children
Authors: Aurelio C Uson
Journal: JAMA (1968)

After reviewing the records of 130 cases of primary hydronephrosis in children, it was found that hydronephrosis occurred almost twice as frequently in boys as in girls. About one third of the hydronephroses were found in children from 1 day to 2 years of age. As a rule, new-borns and infants up to the age of 6 months had the more advanced and worst type of hydronephrosis. In this group the presence of contralateral renal anomalies was alsq greater. About 40% of the children with hydronephrosis had another important anomaly present in the genitourinary tract or elsewhere in the body. About 20% of these children had bilateral hydronephrosis. About 50% of the hydronephrotic kidneys, when first discovered, required nephrectomy or nephrostomy. In two thirds of the cases a definite obstructive pathological cause of hydronephrosis was found. What can be expected, from the clinical and pathological standpoints, in a child who
Eugenics debate
Authors: R. Suckling
Journal: BMJ (2000)

This new form of treatment might benefit millionsEditor-Fano has written a response in the eBMJ (and published here, the third letter) commenting on Vanderpool's article on xenotransplantation. 1 2 He advocates a ban on xenotransplantation, largely on the grounds of the risk of the transfer of infection.Cells taken from carefully screened pigs have been used in the treatment of patients with diabetes, certain neurological diseases, and liver failure.There has been no definite evidence of the transfer of a porcine infection to human recipients.Nevertheless, as with almost every medical or scientific advance, it will be impossible to exclude all risk, even if this is related only to hitherto unknown pig bacteria or viruses.The ultimate decision whether to use any new therapeutic agent or procedure rests on an assessment of the risk to benefit ratio.As the potential benefits to individuals or society increase, the acceptance of slightly increased risk becomes warranted.We must not reduce our obligation to take all possible steps to minimise any perceived risk to society, but we have a moral obligation to accept a small risk to the community if the new treatment leads to great benefit to many individuals in that community.The potential benefits of xenotransplantation are immense.Many millions of people with such diverse conditions as diabetes and degenerative brain disease may have the quality of their lives vastly improved, and in those with advanced organ failure xenotransplantation will be lifesaving.In the United States over 60 000 people currently await a human donor organ but only 20 000 organs will become available this year.At least 10 people die every day while waiting.Similar figures could be quoted for other regions of the developed world.This new form of treatment may ultimately benefit millions of patients.Rather than calling for a ban on it we suggest that support should be given to the great efforts being made to ensure that it will be not only successful but also safe.
Cell geometry and contractile abnormalities of myocytes from failing human left ventricle
Authors: F. del Monte, P. O'Gara, P. A. Poole-Wilson, M. Yacoub, S. E. Harding
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Objectives: Systolic and diastolic dysfunction of the failing human heart may be due to changes in myocyte function, or to extracellular influences such as necrosis, fibrosis or repositioning of viable cells. In order to determine the contribution of cellular factors we have characterised the contraction amplitudes, and contraction and relaxation velocities of single myocytes isolated from failing human left ventricle. Methods: Myocytes were enzymatically isolated from the left ventricles of 42 subjects, superfused at 32 °C and paced at 0.2 Hz. Using a video/edge tracking system we obtained contraction amplitude and contraction and relaxation velocities as well as times to peak contraction (TTP) and to 50% and 90% relaxation (R50 and R90). Concentration-response curves to Ca2+ were constructed for each cell. Results: There was little difference in contraction amplitude at any Ca2+ concentration between cells from failing and non-failing hearts at this low frequency. At maximally activating Ca2+ concentrations (6–20 mM) there was a 30% slowing of relaxation velocity in myocytes from patients with both mild-moderate (P < 0.001) and severe (P < 0.001) congestive heart failure. Contraction and relaxation times were increased in myocytes from failing hearts [TTP: 0.46 ± 0.02 s (n = 34 patients) vs. 0.35 ± 0.02 s (n = 6), P < 0.01 and R50: 0.25 ± 0.02 s (n = 34) vs. 0.16 ± 0.02 s (n = 6), P < 0.001]. Impaired relaxation was seen with most etiologies, including ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathies and mitral valve disease. Myocytes from failing hypertrophied ventricles were more severely affected than those from failing non-hypertrophied hearts for both contraction and relaxation velocities. Cells from failing hypertrophied ventricles had a significantly larger area than from non-failing or failing non-hypertrophied ventricles, although cell length and sarcomere length were similar between groups. Larger myocytes did not show a more pronounced change in relaxation velocity than normally sized cells from the same hypertrophied ventricle. Conclusions: Significant impairment of relaxation can be observed in ventricular myocytes from failing human heart under conditions where contraction amplitude appears normal. The defect is not confined to one etiology of disease, but is exacerbated during hypertrophy. An increase in cell size, although observed in myocytes from hypertrophied ventricle, does not itself account for changes in relaxation. Cellular changes contribute to diastolic dysfunction in the failing human heart.
A Few Lessons in Orthopedics
Authors: Vert Mooney
Journal: JAMA (1982)

On page 1582 ofThe Journal, Monaco et al present useful information allowing another step forward in our understanding of the anterior cruciate ligament. The article also demonstrates several recurrent lessons in the changing world of orthopedic surgery. The first lesson is in regard to nomenclature. A locked knee is one that cannot be moved in either flexion or extension and implies a major joint disruption. A blocked knee is one in which full extension or flexion cannot be achieved. Essentially, the authors are talking about a blocked knee. An important point that confuses the issue of diagnosis is that a blocked knee can also be caused by a significant joint effusion. Most of the patients in the study had a significant effusion, and blocking, therefore, may not be assigned only to the partial tear of the anterior cruciate. A second lesson is in the area of diagnosis and the