tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy versus R0 resection for resectable colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastases and low peritoneal cancer index scores: a collaborative observational study from Korea and Japan
Authors: Daichi Kitaguchi, Eun Jung Park, Seung Hyuk Baik, Shoma Sasaki, Yuichiro Tsukada, Masaaki Ito
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: The benefits of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastasis (CPM) remain controversial. R0 resection without peritoneal stripping might be as effective as CRS plus HIPEC. We aimed to compare the long-term oncological outcomes of patients with CPM and peritoneal cancer index (PCI) scores ≤6 who underwent R0 resection in Japan with those who underwent CRS plus HIPEC in Korea. Materials and Methods: This international, retrospective cohort study was conducted in Korea and Japan using a prospectively collected clinical database. Patients who underwent surgery from July 2014 to December 2021 for CPM with a PCI score of ≤6 and completeness of the cytoreduction score-0 were included. The primary outcome was relapse-free survival (RFS), and the secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS), peritoneal RFS (PRFS), and postoperative outcomes. Results: The 3-year RFS was significantly longer in the CRS+HIPEC group than in the R0 resection group: 35.9% versus 6.9% ( P&lt;0.001 ); 31.0% versus 6.7% ( P=0.040 ) after propensity score matching. The median PRFS was significantly longer in the CRS+HIPEC group than in the R0 resection group: 24.5 months versus 17.2 months ( P=0.017 ). The 3-year OS and postoperative complications did not significantly differ between the two groups. Conclusions: RFS and PRFS rates were significantly prolonged after CRS plus HIPEC, whereas postoperative complications and length of hospital stay were not increased. Therefore, curative CRS plus HIPEC may be considered a treatment strategy for selected patients with resectable CPM and low PCI scores.
Monotreatment With Conventional Antirheumatic Drugs or Glucocorticoids in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Louise S. Guski, Gesche Jürgens, Hugo Pedder, Niels K. G. Levinsen, Stig E. Andersen, Nicky J. Welton, Niels Graudal
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance This is the first network meta-analysis to assess outcomes associated with multiple conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and glucocorticoid. Objective To analyze clinical outcomes after treatment with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and glucocorticoid among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Data Sources With no time restraint, English language articles were searched in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, ClinicalTrials.gov, and reference lists of relevant meta-analyses until September 15, 2022. Study Selection Four reviewers in pairs of 2 independently included controlled studies randomizing patients with rheumatoid arthritis to mono–conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, glucocorticoid, placebo, or nonactive treatment that recorded at least 1 outcome of tender joint count, swollen joint count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein level. Of 1098 assessed articles, 130 articles (132 interventions) were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline, and data quality was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool RoB 2. Data were extracted by a single author and checked independently by 2 authors. Data were analyzed using a random effect model, and data analysis was conducted from June 2021 to February 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures A protocol with hypothesis and study plan was registered before data recording. The most complete of recorded outcomes (tender joint count) was used as primary outcome, with imputations based on other outcomes to obtain a full analysis of all studies. Absolute change adjusted for baseline disease activity was assessed. Results A total of 29 interventions in 275 treatment groups among 132 randomized clinical trials (mean [range], 71.0% [27.0% to 100%] females in studies; mean [range] of ages in studies, 53 [36 to 70] years) were identified, which included 13 260 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The mean (range) duration of RA was 79 (2 to 243) months, and the mean (range) disease activity score was 6.3 (4.0 to 8.8). Compared with placebo, oral methotrexate was associated with a reduced tender joint count by 5.18 joints (95% credible interval [CrI], 4.07 to 6.28 joints). Compared with methotrexate, glucocorticoid (−2.54 joints; 95% CrI, −5.16 to 0.08 joints) and remaining drugs except cyclophosphamide (6.08 joints; 95% CrI, 0.44 to 11.66 joints) were associated with similar or lower tender joint counts. Conclusions and Relevance This study’s results support the present role of methotrexate as the primary reference conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug.
Utilization of an Artery‐on‐a‐Chip to Unravel Novel Regulators and Therapeutic Targets in Vascular Diseases
Authors: Valentina Paloschi, Jessica Pauli, Greg Winski, Zhiyuan Wu, Zhaolong Li, Lorenzo Botti, Sandro Meucci, Pierangelo Conti, Felix Rogowitz, Nadiya Glukha, Nora Hummel, Albert Busch, Ekaterina Chernogubova, Hong Jin, Nadja Sachs, Hans‐Henning Eckstein, Anne Dueck, Reinier A. Boon, Andreas R. Bausch, Lars Maegdefessel
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

In this study, organ-on-chip technology is used to develop an in vitro model of medium-to-large size arteries, the artery-on-a-chip (AoC), with the objective to recapitulate the structure of the arterial wall and the relevant hemodynamic forces affecting luminal cells. AoCs exposed either to in vivo-like shear stress values or kept in static conditions are assessed to generate a panel of novel genes modulated by shear stress. Considering the crucial role played by shear stress alterations in carotid arteries affected by atherosclerosis (CAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) disease development/progression, a patient cohort of hemodynamically relevant specimens is utilized, consisting of diseased and non-diseased (internal control) vessel regions from the same patient. Genes activated by shear stress follow the same expression pattern in non-diseased segments of human vessels. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables to discriminate the unique cell subpopulations between non-diseased and diseased vessel portions, revealing an enrichment of flow activated genes in structural cells originating from non-diseased specimens. Furthermore, the AoC served as a platform for drug-testing. It reproduced the effects of a therapeutic agent (lenvatinib) previously used in preclinical AAA studies, therefore extending the understanding of its therapeutic effect through a multicellular structure.
A commentary on ‘Comparison of safety and effectiveness between robotic and laparoscopic major hepatectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis’
Authors: Xin Zhao, Tianyang Mao, Fengwei Gao, Hong Wu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

aDepartment of Hepato-Pancreato-biliary Surgery,the People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, China bLiver Transplantation Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Liver Transplantation Center, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. E-mail address: [email protected] (H. Wu). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy vs. open surgery for drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: a propensity score matched retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jiajie Mo, Zhihao Guo, Xiu Wang, Jianguo Zhang, Wenhan Hu, Xiaoqiu Shao, Lin Sang, Zhong Zheng, Chao Zhang, Kai Zhang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: Magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) and traditional open surgery (OS) are effective and safe options for patients with drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (DR-mTLE). However, their superiority in seizure control and preservation of functional abilities remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the surgical outcomes of MRgLITT and OS. Materials and Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included patients with DR-mTLE who underwent MRgLITT or OS at three centers between 2015 and 2023. The data on patient demographics, presurgical non-invasive evaluation, stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) implantation, memory alteration, and seizure outcomes were collected. A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was conducted to minimize selection bias, facilitating a comparison of seizure control and functional preservation between two surgical approaches. Results: Of the 244 individuals who met the study criteria, 33 underwent MRgLITT and 211 OS. The median (IQR) age at seizure onset was 22.0 (13.0) and 12.3 (10.0) years in the MRgLITT and OS groups, respectively. The first PSM, based on demographic and non-invasive information, resulted in 26 matched pairs for the primary analysis. There were no significant differences in memory preservation ( P = .95) or surgical outcomes ( P = .96) between the groups. The second PSM, based on demographics and SEEG implantation, yielded 32 matched pairs for the sensitivity analysis, showing similar results. Subset analysis of early and late MRgLITT cases revealed no statistically significant differences in the proportion of patients with memory decline ( P = .42) or seizure control ( P = 1.00). Patients who underwent SEEG implantation were 96% less likely to achieve seizure freedom after MRgLITT ( P = .02). Conclusion: Minimally invasive MRgLITT is associated with memory preservation and seizure control, similar to traditional OS. MRgLITT is effective and safe for DR-mTLE and is relevant for future prospective randomized trials on dominant-side mTLE, providing practical implications for guiding neurosurgeons in the selection of surgical approaches.
Multigenetic Pharmacogenomics–Guided Treatment vs Treatment As Usual Among Hospitalized Men With Schizophrenia
Authors: Zhewei Kang, Ying Qin, Yutao Sun, Zhe Lu, Yaoyao Sun, Huan Chen, Xiaoyang Feng, Yuyanan Zhang, Hua Guo, Hao Yan, Weihua Yue
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Limited evidence supports multigenetic pharmacogenomics-guided treatment (MPGT) in schizophrenia.To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of MPGT in schizophrenia in a randomized clinical trial (RCT).This RCT was conducted from March 2020 to March 2022. Male Chinese Han inpatients aged 18 to 60 years diagnosed with schizophrenia with a Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) score of 60 or more from 2 selected study hospitals were included. Patients and raters were masked to MPGT or treatment as usual (TAU) randomization.Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either MPGT or TAU for 12 weeks.The primary efficacy outcome was the percentage change in PANSS total scores (range, 30 to 210) from baseline to week 6 analyzed by a modified intention-to-treat mixed model for repeated measures. The secondary outcome included response and symptomatic remission rates.A total of 210 participants (mean [SD] age, 29.2 [8.8] years) were enrolled and analyzed, with 113 assigned to MPGT and 97 to TAU. Compared with those randomized to TAU, participants randomized to MPGT demonstrated a significantly higher percentage change in PANSS score (74.2% vs 64.9%; adjusted mean difference, 9.2 percentage points; 95% CI, 4.4-14.1 percentage points; P < .001) and a higher response rate (93 of 113 [82.3%] vs 63 of 97 [64.9%]; adjusted odds ratio, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.28-4.80; P = .01) at the end of week 6.In this RCT of MPGT, MPGT was more effective than TAU in treating patients with schizophrenia. These findings suggest that multigenetic pharmacogenomic testing could serve as an effective tool to guide the treatment of schizophrenia.Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2000029671.
Progress of linking gut microbiota and musculoskeletal health: casualty, mechanisms, and translational values
Authors: Yu Wang, Yusheng Li, Lin Bo, Enyuan Zhou, Yanyan Chen, Shinen Naranmandakh, Wenqing Xie, Qin Ru, Lin Chen, Zhaohua Zhu, Changhai Ding, Yuxiang Wu
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

The musculoskeletal system is important for balancing metabolic activity and maintaining health. Recent studies have shown that distortions in homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota are correlated with or may even contribute to abnormalities in musculoskeletal system function. Research has also shown that the intestinal flora and its secondary metabolites can impact the musculoskeletal system by regulating various phenomena, such as inflammation and immune and metabolic activities. Most of the existing literature supports that reasonable nutritional intervention helps to improve and maintain the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota, and may have a positive impact on musculoskeletal health. The purpose of organizing, summarizing and discussing the existing literature is to explore whether the intervention methods, including nutritional supplement and moderate exercise, can affect the muscle and bone health by regulating the microecology of the intestinal flora. More in-depth efficacy verification experiments will be helpful for clinical applications.
Cholecystectomy and ERCP in pregnancy: a nationwide register-based study
Authors: Jonas Hedström, Johan Nilsson, Bodil Andersson
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Objective: To examine the outcomes of cholecystectomy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) during pregnancy and compare these outcomes with those in nonpregnant women of fertile age. Summary Background Data: Although both laparoscopic cholecystectomy and ERCP are considered safe and feasible in pregnant patients, there is still concern and uncertainty regarding gallstone intervention during pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate outcomes in pregnant patients compared to outcomes in nonpregnant patients. Methods: Data on all female patients aged 18-45 years were retrieved from the Swedish Registry for Gallstone Surgery and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography. The patients were divided into groups according to intervention: cholecystectomy, ERCP, or a combination thereof. Differences between pregnant and nonpregnant patients were analyzed. Results: A total of 21,328 patients were included, with 291 cholecystectomy and 63 ERCP procedures performed in pregnant patients. At the 30-day follow-up, more complications after cholecystectomy were registered for pregnant patients. However, pregnancy was not a significant risk factor for adverse events when adjusting for previous complicated gallstone disease, intraoperative complications, emergency surgery, and common bile duct stones. There were no differences in outcomes when comparing cholecystectomy among the different trimesters. ERCP had no significant effect on outcomes at the 30-day follow-up. Conclusion: Cholecystectomy, ERCP, and combinations thereof are safe during pregnancy.
Safety outcomes of bariatric surgery in patients with advanced organ disease: the ONWARD study: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Rishi Singhal, Victor Roth Cardoso, Tom Wiggins, MBBS Yashasvi Rajeev, Christian Ludwig, Georgios V. Gkoutos, Wasim Hanif, Kamal Mahawar
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Increasing numbers of patients with advanced organ disease are being considered for bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS). There is no prospective study on the safety of BMS in these patients. This study aimed to capture outcomes for patients with advanced cardiac, renal, or liver disease undergoing BMS.
Comment on ‘The role of aspirin versus low-molecular-weight heparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials’
Authors: Xiaofei Guo, Shuxian Zheng, Yong Zhi
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

aPediatric orthopedics department, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830002, Xinjiang, China bBlood Transfusion Department, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830002, Xinjiang, China cCollege of traditional Chinese medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, 830017, Xinjiang, China Running Title: venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after total knee arthroplasty. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author: Yong Zhi, MD, College of traditional Chinese medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, 830017, Xinjiang, China.E-mail: [email protected]. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
<scp>α‐Ketoglutarate</scp>–Dependent <scp>KDM6</scp> Histone Demethylases and <scp>Interferon‐Stimulated</scp> Gene Expression in Lupus
Authors: Erica N. Montano, Moumita Bose, Lihong Huo, Gantsetseg Tumurkhuu, Gabriela De Los Santos, Brianna Simental, Aleksandr B. Stotland, Janet Wei, C. Noel Bairey Merz, Jo Suda, Gislaine Martins, Sarfaraz Lalani, Kate Lawrenson, Yizhou Wang, Sarah Parker, Swamy Venuturupalli, Mariko Ishimori, Daniel J. Wallace, Caroline A. Jefferies
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2023)

Objective We aimed to investigate the hypothesis that interferon (IFN)–stimulated gene (ISG) expression in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) monocytes is linked to changes in metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic regulation of ISG expression. Methods Monocytes from healthy volunteers and patients with SLE at baseline or following IFNα treatment were analyzed by extracellular flux analysis, proteomics, metabolomics, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and gene expression. The histone demethylases KDM6A/B were inhibited using glycogen synthase kinase J4 (GSK‐J4). GSK‐J4 was tested in pristane and resiquimod (R848) models of IFN‐driven SLE. Results SLE monocytes had enhanced rates of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation compared to healthy control monocytes, as well as increased levels of isocitrate dehydrogenase and its product, α‐ketoglutarate (α‐KG). Because α‐KG is a required cofactor for histone demethylases KDM6A and KDM6B, we hypothesized that IFNα may be driving “trained immune” responses through altering histone methylation. IFNα priming (day 1) resulted in a sustained increase in the expression of ISGs in primed cells (day 5) and enhanced expression on restimulation with IFNα. Importantly, decreased H3K27 trimethylation was observed at the promoters of ISGs following IFNα priming. Finally, GSK‐J4 (KDM6A/B inhibitor) resulted in decreased ISG expression in SLE patient monocytes, as well as reduced autoantibody production, ISG expression, and kidney pathology in R848‐treated BALB/c mice. Conclusion Our study suggests long‐term IFNα exposure alters the epigenetic regulation of ISG expression in SLE monocytes via changes in immunometabolism, a mechanism reflecting trained immunity to type I IFN. Importantly, it opens the possibility that targeting histone‐modifying enzymes, such as KDM6A/B, may reduce IFN responses in SLE. image
Battle of the milky way: Lymphatic targeted drug delivery for pathogen eradication
Authors: Ali Taheri, Kristen E. Bremmell, Paul Joyce, Clive A. Prestidge
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2023)

Many viruses, bacteria, and parasites rely on the lymphatic system for survival, replication, and dissemination. While conventional anti-infectives can combat infection-causing agents in the bloodstream, they do not reach the lymphatic system to eradicate the pathogens harboured there. This can result in ineffective drug exposure and reduce treatment effectiveness. By developing effective lymphatic delivery strategies for antiviral, antibacterial, and antiparasitic drugs, their systemic pharmacokinetics may be improved, as would their ability to reach their target pathogens within the lymphatics, thereby improving clinical outcomes in a variety of acute and chronic infections with lymphatic involvement (e.g., acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, tuberculosis, and filariasis). Here, we discuss approaches to targeting anti-infective drugs to the intestinal and dermal lymphatics, aiming to eliminate pathogen reservoirs and interfere with their survival and reproduction inside the lymphatic system. These include optimized lipophilic prodrugs and drug delivery systems that promote lymphatic transport after oral and dermal drug intake. For intestinal lymphatic delivery via the chylomicron pathway, molecules should have logP values >5 and long-chain triglyceride solubilities >50 mg/g, and for dermal lymphatic delivery via interstitial lymphatic drainage, nanoparticle formulations with particle size between 10 and 100 nm are generally preferred. Insight from this review may promote new and improved therapeutic solutions for pathogen eradication and combating infective diseases, as lymphatic system involvement in pathogen dissemination and drug resistance has been neglected compared to other pathways leading to treatment failure.
Comparison of efficacy and safety between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jinxin Xu, Yingjie Cai, Zhinuan Hong, Hongbing Duan, Sunkui Ke
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

The application of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy (NICT) in treating locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a subject of considerable research interest. In light of this, we undertook a comprehensive meta-analysis aiming to compare the efficacy and safety of this novel approach with conventional neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in the management of ESCC.
Long-acting injectable multipurpose prevention technology for prevention of HIV and unplanned pregnancy
Authors: Isabella C. Young, Aryani Pallerla, Mackenzie L. Cottrell, Panita Maturavongsadit, Alka Prasher, Roopali Shrivastava, Gabriela De la Cruz, Stephanie A. Montgomery, Amanda Schauer, Craig Sykes, Angela D.M. Kashuba, S. Rahima Benhabbour
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2023)