tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE ALCOHOL QUESTION.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Normal Reference Laboratory Values
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, C. Diana Jordan, James G. Flood, Michael Laposata, Kent B. Lewandrowski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

The following is a list of reference values, general methods, and conversion factors for tests commonly ordered at the Massachusetts General Hospital and recorded in the Case Records. It reflects the revision of tabular summaries previously published (Normal Laboratory Values. N Engl J Med 1946, 234:24–8; 1950, 243:748–53; 1956, 254:29–35; 1960, 262:84–91; 1963, 268:1462–9; 1967, 276:167–74; 1970, 283:1276–85; 1974, 290:39–49; 1978, 298:34–45; 1980, 302:37–48; and 1986, 314:39–49). The present values were compiled with the aid of Leonard Ellman, M.D., J. Larry Jameson, M.D., Ph.D., and Kurt Bloch, M.D. Values for analytes obtained in more than one laboratory are not listed . . .
Educational programs in US medical schools
Authors: H. S. Jonas
Journal: JAMA (1993)

IN THIS section 2 years ago, we described a process of "curricular ferment" that was occurring in US medical schools.<sup>1</sup>This characterization was supported by evidence of comprehensive educational change at a number of medical schools, in part stimulated by an influx of funding from private foundations. On balance, the outlook for medical education at that time was essentially positive. While medical education was being influenced by internal and external pressures, it appeared to be in control of its own destiny. During the past year, a less optimistic scenario has emerged as the external pressures have intensified. Health system reform, a phrase that stands for fundamental changes in the organization and financing of health care, has been a major topic of discussion among policymakers and the media. Although it is not clear at this writing what form health system reform will eventually take, all the options that have been
From the Centers for Disease Control. Table reporting alcohol involvement in fatal motor-vehicle crashes
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fast
Authors: Veneta Masson
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Analysis of the speech of dying patients with cancer on end-of-life decision making
Authors: I. N. Olver, J. A. Eliott
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

8216 Background: Patients with cancer approaching the end of life were interviewed to ascertain their views on the formulation of "do not resuscitate" (DNR) orders to guide policy. Methods: Consecutive eligible patients had semi-structured interviews which were recorded, transcribed, and subjected to qualitative analysis. Accrual ended when data saturation occurred, that is no new issues were being raised. Results: Twenty-eight patients, 13 females, 15 males (average age 61, range 39–79) were interviewed, 86% as inpatients, half with family members or friends present. All were Australian residents with English as their first language; 64% were currently married. The patients spanned 11 different cancers from which 23 (82%) died within 12 weeks of interview, including 4 within 1 week, with the longest survivor just over 6 months. Fourteen patients had a DNR order recorded in their file at interview and only 1 had not clearly specified their wishes at time of death. However, for 7 patients there were discrepancies between their views at interview and what was recorded. All but 4 patients understood the term DNR. Resuscitation was often spoken of as a medical intervention which may stop an appropriate peaceful death. The majority believed that the patient should make the DNR decision stressing the importance of individual autonomy but some preferred a shared decision with physicians or family. Patients said that being lucid was necessary for making DNR decisions. There was no consensus on the appropriate timing of a DNR discussion. Some favored no discussion. A minority favored a discussion early before possible mental incapacity, but those who supported holding the discussion when the issue became pressing wanted to spare patients the negative emotions of an earlier discussion. There was ambivalence about who should decide when to discuss, some believing it to be the patient's decision but others deferring to the experience of the physician. Conclusions: DNR policies must allow the flexibility to accommodate diverse individual patient wishes. Documentation of DNR orders can be problematic, both in accurately ascertaining patients' wishes, and accommodating changes that may occur. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Phase I dose-escalation and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of sunitinib (SU) plus docetaxel (D) in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors (STs)
Authors: A. M. Traynor, A. B. Sandler, J. H. Schiller, J. Ilagan, W. L. Vermeulen, G. Liu, L. Tye, L. Verkh, R. Chao, F. Robert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

3564 Background: Xenograft models of human breast and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) show enhanced antitumor activity of SU+D. We assessed the maximum tolerated combinational doses (MTDs), PK profile, safety and preliminary efficacy of SU+D in pts with advanced STs. Methods: In this phase I, open-label, dose-finding study, successive pt cohorts received SU 25, 37.5, or 50 mg/d for 4 wks of a 6-wk cycle (4/2 schedule) or for 2 wks of a 3-wk cycle (2/1 schedule) with D 60 or 75 mg/m2 IV q21d. MTD was determined as the highest dose at which 0 of 3 or 1 of 6 pts experienced dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) during cycle 1. Results: Fifty pts were enrolled: 10 pts on 4/2 schedule; 40 pts on 2/1 schedule. MTD on 4/2 schedule was SU 25 mg with D 60 mg/m2 and MTD on 2/1 schedule was SU 37.5 mg with D 75 mg/m2. DLTs on the 4/2 schedule included Grade (G) 3 bilateral lower extremity weakness ≥7 days and G3 febrile neutropenia (each n=1). The most frequent DLT on the 2/1 schedule was neutropenia (± fever; G3/4, n= 5 pts) at the following doses: 25 mg SU + 60 mg/m2 D, n=2; 50 mg SU + 75 mg/m2 D, n=2; 37.5 mg SU + 75 mg/m2 D, n=1. Other DLTs included G3 GI hemorrhage (n=1). On the 2/1 schedule the most common G3/4 non-hematologic AEs (≥2 pts) were fatigue/asthenia (G3 n=8, 20.0%) oral pain, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia and diarrhea (each G3 n=3, 7.5%), dyspnea (G3/4 n=2, 5.0%), hypersensitivity and pyrexia (each G3 n=2, 5.0%). G4 hematologic lab abnormalities included neutropenia (n=26, 67.0%) and leukopenia (n=8, 20.5%). No pts experienced LVEF declines ≥20% or to below the lower limit of normal. Two pts (NSCLC and breast cancer) achieved a partial response at the MTD (2/1 schedule). PK data at MTD (n=8) revealed predictable kinetics and no clinically significant drug-drug interaction with co-administration. Conclusions: Oral SU 37.5 mg/day combined with D 75mg/m2 IV q21d on the 2/1 schedule has a manageable safety profile in pts with advanced STs and shows clinical activity. No clinically significant drug-drug interactions were observed. D or SU alone mean (CV%) D + SU mean (CV%) % Change Docetaxel AUC0–24 (ng*hr/mL) 2,725 (25.6) 3,051 (11.9) 23.2 Cmax (ng/mL) 2,581 (20.7) 3,180 (15.6) 11.9 Sunitinib +SU011662 AUC0–24 (ng*hr/mL) 364 (31.6) 366 (28.7) 0.6 Cmax (ng/mL) 21.6 (34.2) 21.7 (20.5) 0.5 Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Pfizer Pfizer, sanofi-aventis Pfizer Pfizer, sanofi-aventis
Human Destructiveness
Authors: John J. Schwab
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Whether human aggression is innate behavior, or whether it is the result of frustration—learned behavior—has been the subject of a major controversy among behavioral scientists, particularly since the development of "The Bomb." Ethologists' comparative studies of the animal kingdom buttress their argument that aggression is innate, a postulate advanced by Freud in his theory of the death instinct. On the other hand, psychologists and a number of anthropologists maintain that there is no evidence for an instinctual cause of aggression, but that it is the result of frustration stemming from childhood experiences. From an almost clinical point of view, investigators are asserting that human aggression is abnormal and that its etiology must be uncovered so that treatment may be instituted that will ensure the survival of the species. The British psychiatrist, Anthony Storr, summarizes the opposing viewpoints on the nature of human aggression and avers that a psychiatrist's study of
SCLERODERMA WITH FACTITIOUS URTICARIA.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Roles for Epidemiology: The Impact of Environmental Chemicals
Authors: Raymond Neutra
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Aside from the well-recognized role of documenting the extent of any health impact from exposure to environmental chemicals, epidemiology has other potential roles. Arguing by analogy from the function of epidemiology in the infectious disease field, two practical public health functions are mentioned. The first is rumor abatement: simply characterizing the population exposed and documenting the frequency of salient complaints and providing this to the affected population, so as to separate fact from fiction. Another practical public health function is to review available data bases to document the number of individuals exposed to such chemicals and a review of gross trends by place and time to set public fears in proper perspective. There are important descriptive scientific functions as well, namely, to document any syndromes or symptom patterns which may be associated with chemical exposures and to document the natural history and progression of clinical and preclinical conditions associated with chemical exposures. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of tests for preclinical disease are discussed.
Stat Bite: Prostate Cancer Mortality by Race/Ethnic Group, 1977-1983
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Stat Bite: Prostate Cancer Mortality by Race/Ethnic Group, 1977–1983 Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 13, 1 July 1992, Page 997, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.13.997 Published: 01 July 1992
Issue Information ‐ TOC
Journal: Allergy (2019)

About the coverThe European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) has developed evidence-based recommenda ons for indica ons and contraindica ons to house dust mite (HDM) allergen immunotherapy (AIT) as add-on treatment for HDM-driven allergic asthma based on the Grading of Recommenda ons Assessment, Development and Evalua on (GRADE) approach.The authors have evaluated the body of evidence of the delivery route of HDM AIT for both adults and children.These guidelines are addressed to clinical allergists, respiratory physicians, pediatricians and other healthcare professionals.
Transmission of disease by blood transfusion.
Journal: BMJ (1966)

by the Mattingly"1 technique, followed by administration of lysine vasopressin by intramuscular injection5 or intravenous infusion9 and serial estimations of the plasma cortisol.The maximum value usually occurs after one hour, when control levels exceed 23.6 [kg.per 100 ml. of plasma.5 Side-effects have been slight, including pallor, increased intestinal mobility, and uterine contractions.It would seem wise to avoid the test in patients with clinical evidence of ischaemic heart disease, since vasopressin may constrict coronary vessels."2No changes in blood-pressure have been recorded.5Further studies are required to localize the precise site of action of lysine vasopressin in man.The evidence suggests that it acts by releasing pituitary corticotrophin and not by direct stimulation of the adrenal cortex.Whether it does so or not, it should be useful in the investigation of pituitary and hypothalamic disorders, since it appears to act by mechanisms independent of those operated in existing tests.
Contents
Authors: Toine Hillenaar, Cornelia Mooy, Georges Verjans, Emily Gower, Lisa Keay, Rafael Oechsler, Alfonso Iovieno, Eduardo Alfonso, Dan Jones, Kathryn Colby, Sonal Tuli, Seema Patel, Salena Lee, John Irvine, R Stulting, Thomas Mauger, Oliver Schein, Jiaxu Hong, Ting Qiu, Angi Wei, Xinghuai Sun, Amit Patel, Vincenzo Scorcia, Kyeong Kim, Wan Kim
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)
Influence of Royal College of Radiologists' guidelines on referral from general practice. Royal College of Radiologists Working Party.
Authors: C Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To measure the effect on general practitioner referrals for radiography of introducing guidelines of good practice together with monitoring and peer review. DESIGN--Collection of referral data during 1 January 1989 to 31 December 1990. Guidelines were introduced on 1 January 1990. SETTING--Open access radiology services provided by one non-teaching district in England. SUBJECTS--144614 registered patients from 22 practices. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Number of referrals per 1000 registered patients for radiography of the chest, skull, spine, abdomen, limbs, and joints and for barium investigation and excretion urography. RESULTS--Overall referrals fell from 88.4/1000 registered patients to 77.2/1000 after the guidelines were introduced. The commonest reasons for referral were for examination of the chest, spine, and limbs and joints and referrals for these fell by 9.4%, 17.5%, and 13.5% respectively. Referrals for skull radiography fell by 30% (from 241 to 168). CONCLUSIONS--By helping general practitioners to be more selective in their use of diagnostic radiology, the guidelines reduced the rate of referral and thus patients' exposure to radiation.
ERRγ Regulates Cardiac, Gastric, and Renal Potassium Homeostasis
Authors: William A. Alaynick, James M. Way, Stephanie A. Wilson, William G. Benson, Liming Pei, Michael Downes, Ruth Yu, Johan W. Jonker, Jason A. Holt, Deepak K. Rajpal, Hao Li, Joan Stuart, Ruth McPherson, Katja S. Remlinger, Ching Yi-Chang, Donald P. McDonnell, Ronald M. Evans, Andrew N. Billin
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2009)

Energy production by oxidative metabolism in kidney, stomach and heart, is primarily expended in establishing ion gradients to drive renal electrolyte homeostasis, gastric acid secretion, and cardiac muscle contraction, respectively. In addition to orchestrating transcriptional control of oxidative metabolism, the orphan nuclear receptor, Estrogen-Related Receptor gamma (ERRγ), coordinates expression of genes central to ion homeostasis in oxidative tissues. Renal, gastric and cardiac tissues subjected to genomic analysis of expression in perinatal ERRγ null mice revealed a characteristic dysregulation of genes involved in transport processes, exemplified by the voltage-gated potassium channel, Kcne2. Consistently, ERRγ null animals die during the first 72 h of life with elevated serum potassium, reductions in key gastric acid production markers, and cardiac arrhythmia with prolonged QT intervals. In addition, we find altered expression of several genes associated with hypertension in ERRγ null mice. These findings suggest a potential role for genetic polymorphisms at the ERRγ locus and ERRγ modulators in the etiology and treatment of renal, gastric, and cardiac dysfunction.
THE RELATION OF SYPHILIS TO PARETIC DEMENTIA.
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What about extended-wear soft contact lenses?
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A group from The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, has tested use of both the artificial intraocular lens and the soft contact lens after cataract removal. Basically, said Walter J. Stark, MD, director of the corneal service at the university's Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, the resulting vision with the soft contact lenses was as good as with the intraocular lenses. Furthermore, Stark told a Research to Prevent Blindness seminar, increased incidence of inflammation has been seen recently after intraocular lens insertion. He suggests this may be due to the current method of lens sterilization in this country, involving use of ethylene oxide rather than sodium hydroxide. Additional information came from H. Dwight Cavanagh, MD, PhD, professor and chairman, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta. He said that, for the first time, "a newly developed third generation of soft contact lenses represents a safe, reliable, and effective
THE ETIOLOGY OF TRACHOMA
Authors: Hideyo Noguchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

Dr. Noguchi left New York on October 22, 1927, for Accra, Gold Coast, West Africa. In his absence the observations on inoculated monkeys and the further transfer of the trachomatous lesions of the monkeys were carried out, according to his plans, by his assistants. Moreover, on several occasions during his absence, the monkeys were examined by Drs. F. I. Proctor, P. Richards, A. Knapp, J. S. Friedenwald, M. Cohen, and W. C. Posey, and the results of these examinations are recorded in the individual protocols. The last examination was made on May 25, 1928.