tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Limb Salvage in Diabetics With "Hopeless" Ischemia
Authors: Donald B. Alderman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

It is axiomatic in arterial reconstructive surgery that success is directly related to the size of the vessel and the adequacy of the "outflow tract" below the reconstructed segment. The results are always much more satisfactory in the large vessels of the aorto-iliac segment than in the smaller arteries at the femoropopliteal level.<sup>1-4</sup> While success in varying degrees is reported when a femoropopliteal arterial block is relatively discrete and the outflow tract is good, these circumstances usually attend relatively minor degrees of ischemia such as that which is manifested by claudication. When diffuse arteriosclerosis exists with femoropopliteal blocks at multiple levels, the results have been far less sanguine. Unfortunately, these patients who have pain while at rest, ischemic ulcers, and gangrene are the ones who need help most. The arterial lesions of diabetes tend to be very diffuse in the small and medium-sized vessels of the viscera and extremities.
How Reliable Are Tumor Measurements?
Authors: John Gurland
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Discrepancy between measurements of tumors made independently by different physicians can be substantial. There are also differences between measurements of tumors made by the same physician on different occasions, but some physicians are significantly more consistent than others. The techniques by which measurements are made, namely, readings and tracings in the case of lesions shown on x-ray film, affect this relative consistency—some physicians may be relatively consistent by one technique but relatively inconsistent by another. Probability considerations concerning the wrong decisions that can be made regarding change of size indicate that descriptions of changes in small lesions are very unreliable.
Visionary Medical and Other Leaders Meet to Plan Healthier Communities
Authors: Pat Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<i>Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it's the only thing that ever has.</i>—Margaret Mead IT WAS A soaring vision of transforming the nation's health care system: creating healthier communities by empowering citizens, developing a new civic infrastructure at the grassroots level, harnessing systems thinking and high technology, and changing to a new collaborative model of health care. Optimism, enthusiasm, and idealism mixed with pragmatism prevailed at the fourth annual Healthier Communities Summit, sponsored by The Healthcare Forum, a San Francisco, Calif—based, action-oriented think tank. At session after session, speakers invoked the cando attitude reflected in anthropologist Margaret Mead's quoted remark. There was the hum of high energy in the air and the sound of music, from Afro-rock to American spirituals, as some 2500 representatives of the health care system, education, local government, business, and industry gathered for inspiration, ideas, and
The new wave in medicine: nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Though exploration of its clinical potential is virtually just beginning, "NMR" already has a familiar ring to many physicians. The acronym stands for nuclear magnetic resonance, one of the newest radiological forays into medical diagnosis. Focusing on the nuclei in the atoms of a single element (such as hydrogen) in biological tissue at a time, NMR can discern whether those nuclei behave normally in response to certain external forces, such as magnetism. Abnormal behavior—in comparison with normal behavior patterns still to be definitely established—may indicate a medical problem, such as ischemia or cancer. The technique, which is nonionizing and noninvasive, has been used by organic chemists, biochemists, and some physicists since shortly after World War II to identify and analyze intricate molecules of homogenous liquids or solids. Lately, though, it is being increasingly applied to medicine, generating a tremendous surge of interest. So how does it work, and why the
Medical Interviewing and Interpersonal Skills Teaching in US Medical Schools
Authors: Dennis H. Novack
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess educational practices, problems, and needs in the teaching of medical interviewing and interpersonal skills. <h3>Design.</h3> —Questionnaires sent to curricular deans and introductory course leaders at all US medical schools in 1991. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of 130 programs, 114 deans (88%) and 92 course directors (71%) responded. Respondents indicated some advances since a similar survey in 1977: Virtually all medical schools now offer teaching in medical interviewing and interpersonal skills. More faculty from a greater variety of disciplines are involved in this teaching. Most programs feature observation and feedback of students' interviews with patients, and use a variety of effective teaching methods, including simulated patients and role-playing, both little used in 1977. The majority of schools address students' personal growth through discussion or support groups. However, there are problems. Most schools lack a faculty development process. About half of the introductory courses on medical interviewing take place within physical diagnosis courses, often, it appears, without systematic observation, feedback, and evaluation of student skills. Many programs do not explicitly incorporate certain educational principles into their course designs. As in 1977, there appears to be little coordination or sequencing of teaching interpersonal skills throughout the curriculum in most medical schools. Most deans identified significant barriers to improving teaching. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —While a number of educational advances have occurred there is still great variation in the quality and intensity of courses offered in US medical schools. However, the pace of progress bodes well for the future. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:2101-2105)
Interleukin-6 production by human liver (myo)fibroblasts in culture. Evidence for a regulatory role of LPS, IL-lβ and TNFα
Authors: Anke M.B.C. Tiggelman, Willem Boers, Christiaan Linthorst, Henk S. Brand, Mieke Sala, Robert A.E.M. Chamuleau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1995)
Susceptibility to Leukemia: Immunologic Factors in Down's Syndrome&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Alton I. Sutnick, M.D., F.A.C.P., W. Thomas London, M.D., F.A.C.P., Baruch S. Blumberg, M.D., Ph. D., F.A.C.P., Betty Jane S. Gerstley, M.D., F.A.C.P.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

In an effort to define Factors associated with an increased susceptibility to leukemia in patients with Down's syndrome, we conducted a controlled study of immunologic and hematologic differences between the Down's syndrome population and other mentally retarded controls. Of 63 patients tested, those with Down's syndrome had a lower index of skin reactivity (principally related to mumps and tuberculin tests), a higher basophil count, and an exaggerated leukocytosis 90 minutes aFter epinephrine injection than the controls. Although some of these differences were small, all were statistically significant (P < 0.05). A tuberculin test survey of 1,262 residents of an institution for the mentally retarded revealed a lower Frequency of skin reactions among the patients with Down's syndrome (17.2%) than among the other mentally retarded subjects (23.0%) (P = 0.054). Previous studies revealed a defect in small lymphocyte function and an excessive immunoglobulin G response in patients with Down's syndrome. A hypothesis is proposed that susceptibility to leukemia is associated with impaired cellular immunity, and that other (possibly compensatory) responses may be exaggerated.
Fellowships, Grants, Awards
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Fellowships, Grants, Awards Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 12, 21 June 1995, Pages 940–941, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.12.940 Published: 21 June 1995
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Aberrant activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway contributes to tumor cell growth, proliferation and survival, and may confer resistance to chemotherapy and targeted agents. Shapiro and colleagues have conducted a Phase 1 trial of SAR245408 (XL147), an orally bioavailable pan-class I PI3K inhibitor. Pathway inhibition in tumor and surrogate tissues and preliminary clinical activity were observed at tolerable doses, irrespective of tumor PI3K pathway molecular alterations. The results provide the groundwork for future monotherapy and combination studies.The association between of increased intratumoral T-cell accumulation and survival suggests the existence of naturally occurring tumor-reactive T-cells in human cancer. However, the immunobiology of spontaneous tumor-reactive T-cells in cancer is not well defined because identifying and validating these responses is difficult. Ye and colleagues elucidated CD137 as a biomarker for naturally occurring tumor-reactive T-cells in cancer and developed a rapid, accurate system to comprehensively isolate TILs with tumor-rejecting capability directly from resected human tumors. Thus, CD137 plays an important role in the immunobiology of human cancer, rationalizing its agonistic engagement in vivo and its use in TIL selection for adoptive immunotherapy trials.Adoptive transfer of virus-specific CTLs expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) represents a promising immunotherapy approach. However, regulatory T cells (Tregs) that are abundant within the tumor environment impair proliferation and function of CAR-redirected CTLs. Perna and colleagues exploited a modification of the IL-7/IL-7Rα axis in CAR-redirected CTLs to counter Treg inhibition. The authors found that IL-7, unlike IL-2, supports the antitumor activity of EBV-CTLs genetically manipulated to coexpress IL-7Rα and a GD2-specific CAR both in vitro and in vivo in the presence of Tregs. Thus, the proposed genetic modification may further improve the clinical outcome of CAR-modified CTLs.Irreversible hyposalivation is common in head and neck cancer survivors treated with radiotherapy, for which no curative treatment is available currently. Hai and colleagues found that the Hedgehog signaling pathway in salivary glands was activated during functional regeneration after duct ligation but not activated after irradiation, and the transient activation of this pathway after irradiation rescued salivary gland hypofunction by preserving salivary stem/progenitor cells and the parasympathetic innervation in mice. Similar effects on expression of genes essential for these two aspects were observed in cultured human salivary epithelial cells, suggesting the potential of this strategy in treating radiotherapy-induced hyposalivation.
MEDICAL SCHOOLS OF THE UNITED STATES
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Psychological Medicine
Authors: C Markby
Journal: BMJ (1904)

return of her fibrillation.It was decided that her only chance of recovery lay in a thyroidectomy.She therefore began another course of Lugol's iodine.Her leucocyte count a day before operation was 4,400 per c.mm.Operation was performed under avertin, gas-oxygen, and local anaesthesia.Seven-eighths resection of the gland was carried out.Her condition on return from the theatre was fairly satisfactory, with a pulse rate of 90.She was unable to retain any Lugol's iodine given by the rectum, and intranasal feeding was not tolerated.Some eight hours after operation her pulse rate rose sharply to 140, and she became very restless.She apparently died of a thyrotoxic crisis some 24 hours after operation. COMMENTThis case presented the familiar problem of an elderly thyrotoxic patient with advanced cardiac damage.The difficulty arose from her intolerance of iodine.Thiouracil produced an improvement in her toxic condition, but the effect was offset by the apparent irreversible change in her blood picture.Pentnucleotide produced only a temporary improvement, which was accompanied by disturbing general reactions; this might have been overcome by the administration of extract of yellow bone-marrow, given by the mouth.This case is the first fatality in a small personal series of under 100 thyroidec- tomies, which included some severe thyrotoxic cases with concomitant heart damage.My object in reporting this case is to stress the danger of subjecting a patient to thyroidectomy with an uncompensated granulocytopenia, even if the other indications for operation appear to be urgent.
Fractionated Doses of Radioiodine for Ablation of Postsurgical Thyroid Tissue Remnants
Authors: EMIL ARAD, KATHLEEN FLANNERY, GEORGE A. WILSON, ROBERT E. OʼMARA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

ARAD, EMIL M.D.; FLANNERY, KATHLEEN M.D.; WILSON, GEORGE A. M.D.; O'MARA, ROBERT E. M.D. Author Information
Behavioral Factors and Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Christine Ervin
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We want to commend Adatto et al (241:2525, 1979) on their article "Behavioral Factors and Urinary Tract Infection." We conducted a more limited, but similar, study in a different patient population and made somewhat different observations. We prospectively studied adult women seeking care for symptoms of dysuria, frequency, or urgency in four large ambulatory care centers in New England. Our study group included 23 women with symptoms of dysuria, urinary frequency or urgency, and more than 10<sup>5</sup>colonies of a single pathogenic organism per milliliter of a clean-catch, midstream urine specimen. We obtained explicit information on self-care behavior from each patient using a self-administered questionnaire and nurse interview. Our control group was composed of 64 ambulatory patients from two of the four study sites, who were seeking care for problems unrelated to urinary or vaginal infection and had had no more than one urinary tract infection
Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia affecting the oral mucosa: report of a case and a review of the literature
Authors: R. BARTRALOT, V. GARCIA-PATOS, J. HUETO, P. HUGUET, G. RASPALL, A. CASTBLLS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia affecting the oral mucosa: report of a case and a review of the literature Get access R. BARTRALOT, R. BARTRALOT Department of Dermatology, Hospital General Universitari Vall d'Hebron 08035, Barcelina, Spain Dr R.Bartralot. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. GARCIA‐PATOS, V. GARCIA‐PATOS Department of Dermatology, Hospital General Universitari Vall d'Hebron 08035, Barcelina, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. HUETO, J. HUETO Department of Maxillo‐Facial Surgery, Hospital General Universitari Vall d'Hebron 08035, Barcelina, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. HUGUET, P. HUGUET Department of Pathology, Hospital General Universitari Vall d'Hebron 08035, Barcelina, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. RASPALL, G. RASPALL Department of Maxillo‐Facial Surgery, Hospital General Universitari Vall d'Hebron 08035, Barcelina, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. CASTBLLS A. CASTBLLS Department of Dermatology, Hospital General Universitari Vall d'Hebron 08035, Barcelina, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 134, Issue 4, 1 April 1996, Pages 744–748, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.88804.x Published: 01 April 1996 Article history Accepted: 27 April 1995 Published: 01 April 1996
Outbreak of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever--Uganda, August 2000-January 2001
Journal: JAMA (2001)

On October 8, 2000, an outbreak of an unusual febrile illness with occasional hemorrhage and significant mortality was reported to the Ministry of Health (MoH) in Kampala by the superintendent of St. Mary's Hospital in Lacor, and the District Director of Health Services in the Gulu District. A preliminary assessment conducted by MoH found additional cases in Gulu District and in Gulu Hospital, the regional referral hospital. On October 15, suspicion of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) was confirmed when the National Institute of Virology (NIV), Johannesburg, South Africa, identified Ebola virus infection among specimens from patients, including health-care workers at St. Mary's Hospital. This report describes surveillance and control activities related to the EHF outbreak and presents preliminary clinical and epidemiologic findings.
Effects of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on Renal Function in Man
Authors: Richard S. Muther
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To ascertain the clinical significance of dimethyl sulfoxide-induced pigmenturia, we evaluated renal function and indicators of systemic hemolysis in stable quadriplegic patients receiving the drug intravenously (IV) for spinal cord injury. Despite a dose-dependent transient hemolysis with resultant hemoglobinuria, no alteration of renal function could be appreciated. Other than the presence of urinary hemoglobin, there were no changes from baseline in the urinary sediment and all patients remained without severe hematuria. Our results indicate that patients treated with IV dimethyl sulfoxide for severe cerebral edema could serve as donors for renal transplantation. (<i>JAMA</i>244:2081-2083, 1980)
A Letter to R.L.S.
Authors: Pendleton Tompkins
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To Mr. Stevenson.—</h3> Nearly 100 years have passed since you wrote of doctors in terms that live today as one of our lustrous treasures: There are men and classes of men that stand above the common herd: the soldier, the sailor, and the shepherd not infrequently; the artist rarely; rarelier still, the clergyman; the physician almost as a rule. He is the flower (such as it is) of our civilization. Since you left California and the
Transforming growth factor-β1 and mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-II receptor expression during intrahepatic bile duct hyperplasia and biliary fibrosis in the rat
Authors: Lawrence A. Saperstein, Randy L. Jirtle, Marwan Farouk, Hugh J. Thompson, Kyung S. Chung, William C. Meyers
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

These studies investigate the role of transforming growth factor-β1, a potent inhibitor of epithelial cell proliferation and stimulator of extracellular matrix biosynthesis, during intrahepatic bile duct hyperplasia and biliary fibrosis. These pathogenic responses were induced in rats by common bile duct ligation. Bile duct cell replication, measured by the bromodeoxyuridine labeling index, was significantly increased 24 hr after common bile duct ligation. This response diminished to baseline by 1 wk. Liver collagen content, determined by quantification of hydroxyproline, was increased significantly after 1 wk of common bile duct ligation, and by 4 wk was increased by a factor of 4. Immunohistochem-istry revealed low levels of TGF-β1 in normal intrahepatic bile duct epithelium. In contrast, the bile duct epithelium in bile duct–ligated rats stained strongly positive for transforming growth factor-β1 at 1 and 4 wk after ligation. These results suggest that transforming growth factor-β1 may play a role in both the termination of the bile duct epithelial cell proliferative response and the induction of fibrogenesis after common bile duct ligation. In addition, the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor was up-regulated in hyperplastic bile duct epithelium 1 and 4 wk after ligation. Because the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-II receptor has been shown to facilitate the proteolytic activation of transforming growth factor-β1, these results suggest that the bile duct epithelium may also be involved in the activation of transforming growth factor-β1. (Hepatology 1994;19:412–417).
Compliance and concordance with treatment
Authors: I. Bamforth, H J Milburn, G M Cochrane
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Rationing health careAllocating resources only to treating present dangers would ruin preventive health care and jeopardise future livesEditor-In his article on the objectives of the NHS John Harris argues that "there is a good principle that real and present dangers should be met before future and speculative ones." 1 Has he really thought about the implications of this?Immunisation, health promotion, and preventive interventions would all be swept away in favour of curative treatments.As the lives lost by such a shift in resources would be future lives and the people not identifiable beforehand, they would count for nothing.The state's obligation to protect the "citizen against threats to her life and liberty" only applies to immediate threats.Harris argues that the health budget should be larger, as if a larger budget will somehow allocate itself and obviate the need for choosing between competing alternatives.He also claims that health care (and he means curative care) should be afforded a high priority in the state budget.This presents a simple dilemma: should the state spend more on raising the income of impoverished families or on resources to provide more intensive care beds?Since raising the income of poor families has no impact on immediate threats to health, according to Harris we must clearly prefer spending more on providing more intensive care beds.Harris fails to recognise the first problem in identifying healthcare needs.If resources are not the immediate constraint on a healthcare system then rationing takes place on the basis of whether a need (or a want) can be legitimised as a healthcare need.In times of plenty the remit of formal health care expands.Harris seems to desire this process to continue.In wishing for more of our labour to be devoted to financing this end, he can see no cost or opportunity cost to the process.Am I alone in finding this naive?
Anticonvulsant Drugs and Vitamin D Metabolism
Authors: Samuel Livingston
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A few reports in the medical literature implicate anticonvulsant medication as a cause of abnormal vitamin D metabolism. Our experience with 15,000 patients over the past 36 years fails to confirm such a cause and effect association. The cases of rickets that have accompanied anticonvulsant medication may have represented merely a coincidental occurrence.