tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clamp-less partial nephrectomy: A propensity score-matched analysis comparing robot-assisted with open approach
Authors: C. Gandi, R. Bientinesi, A. Totaro, F. Marino, S. Moretto, F. Gavi, F. Pierconti, M. Racioppi, P. Bassi, E. Sacco
Journal: European Urology (2022)
A novel parameter reflecting the interaction between CD8+ T cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts.
Authors: Xinlong Zheng, Weijin Xiao, Dongqiang Zeng, Wenying Peng, Feng Long, Kan Jiang, Jing Bai, Xiaobin Zheng, Qian Miao, Tony S. K. Mok, Gen Lin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

e20536 Background: Accumulating evidence reveal complicated crosstalk amongst cancer-related fibroblasts (CAFs) and immune cells in tumor microenvironment (TME). However, interaction within CAFs and immune cells, and their relationship with clinical outcomes remain largely undetermined. Methods: Interaction between CAFs and immune cells was evaluated by the CD8+ T cells/CAFs ratio (CFR), denoting great difference within single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) scores. Association of CFR with survival was examined in TCGA/GEO lung cancer and TCGA pan-cancer cohorts. Correlation between CFR and immunotherapeutic efficacy was determined in five independent cohorts including melanoma, lung cancer and urothelial cancer. orrelations between CFR and objective response rates (ORR) reported in the literature following pembrolizumab monotherapy were calculated in 20 TCGA cancer cohorts. To translate the in silico findings into clinical use, immunohistochemically-detected CD8/α-SMA ratio was used as prognostic and immuno-therapeutically predictive biomarker in two lung cancer cohorts. Furthermore, correlation within CFR, TMB, PD-L1, and molecular/genomic characteristics of CFR subgroups was also evaluated. Results: A moderately positive correlation existed between CAFs and immune cells infiltration in various cancer types. Higher immune cells/CAFs ratios indicated favorable prognosis regardless of distinct immune cells. Higher CFR, an independent risk factor and complementary factor to PD-L1 and TMB, was strongly associated with improved survival in melanoma, lung cancer and urothelial cancer immunotherapy cohorts (log-rank test, P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, CFR averages across cancer types provided a higher correlation coefficient with the ORR following pembrolizumab monotherapy when compared to PD-L1 expression and TMB, r = 0.65 versus 0.36 and 0.31, respectively. Finally, in the clinical setting, CD8/α-SMA ratio was validated as an independent prognostic and predictive biomarker of immunotherapy efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (HR, 0.21, 95% CI, 0.12-0.37, P &lt; 0.001; HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.19-0.75; P &lt; 0.001). Low CFR was associated with upregulation of hypoxia, TGF-β signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis. Conclusions: CFR was a promising biomarker in the prediction of immunotherapeutic efficacy across various malignancies.
Less is more: Usefulness of the sentinel node technique in radical prostatectomy
Authors: J. Perez Ardavin, M. Martínez-Sarmiento, J.J. Monserrat-Monfort, J.V. Sánchez-González, V. Vera-Pinto, P. Sopena-Novales, P. Bello-Arqués, F. Boronat-Tormo, C.D. Vera-Donoso
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Using a multimodal approach to elucidate racial disparities in breast cancer biology by integrating tumor imaging and -omics data.
Authors: Nicole Liadis, Tyler M Earnest, Eduardo Braun, Anu K. Antony, Micahel J Hallock, The SimBioSys Team, Daniel Cook
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

e12541 Background: Race-related differences in breast cancer incidence and clinical outcome have been well documented, with many studies focusing on socioeconomic determinants contributing to African American (AA) breast cancer patients having higher mortality rates. Far less is understood about the underlying biological differences in tumors between AA and Caucasian patients. In recent years, there have been more and more individual accounts identifying specific somatic mutations or observed breast tumor behaviors associated with racial disparities in breast cancer. Understanding how these specific observations coincide to give rise to alternative tumor biology in AA women, remains a challenge. Given the multifactorial nature of cancer, we have developed a platform that integrates the combinatorial phenotypic, molecular, and biological hallmarks of cancer. Our technology combines imaging and multi-omics data, providing a systematic approach for understanding race-specific biological differences and how they contribute to patient survival. Methods: Imaging and transcriptomic data from 1108 patients were integrated within the SimBioSys TumoScope biophysical modeling software to understand racial differences in tumor biology, coordinated tumor behavior, and corresponding patient outcome. Results: AA patients have tumors that display higher growth rates, characteristically have higher adipose tissue around the tumor, higher spatial variation in drug/ nutrient delivery, and increased tumor stiffness. We also identified biological features, including tumor/gland density and intertumoral heterogeneity that are prognostic for overall survival even when accounting for race and cancer subtype. Conclusions: Our results outline characteristic biological features that along with race and FDA breast cancer subtype may promote the disproportionately poor survival rates observed in AA breast cancer patients. This is the first study demonstrating a systematic approach being used to elucidate race-specific biological difference that may coordinate to impact patient survival. Our findings emphasize the importance of accounting for racial disparities and patient-specific biology to develop tailored intervention strategies and personalize race-specific clinical management of breast cancer.
Robot assisted radical prostatectomy by lateral approach: technique, reproducibility, and outcomes
Authors: J.A. Reinoso Elbers, M. Rodriguez Socarras, J. Gómez Rivas, V. Cuadros, J. Fernández Del Álamo, R. Gaston, D. Carrion Monsalve, F. Gómez Sancha
Journal: European Urology (2022)
COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in pregnancy: Results of the Swiss COVI-PREG registry, an observational prospective cohort study
Authors: Guillaume Favre, Emeline Maisonneuve, Léo Pomar, Ursula Winterfeld, Charlotte Daire, Begoña Martinez de Tejada, Dominique Delecraz, Sonia Campelo, Mirjam Moser, Monya Todesco-Bernasconi, Stefanie Sturm, Irene Hösli, Cécile Monod, Brigitte Frey Tirri, Stylianos Kalimeris, Carolin Blume, Jérôme Mathis, Roland Zimmerman, Anda Petronela Radan, Daniel Surbek, David Baud, Alice Panchaud
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2022)

Pregnant individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at increased risk of severe disease, prematurity, and stillbirth. In March 2021, vaccination for at risk pregnant women was recommended in Switzerland, expanding this to all pregnant women in May 2021. Our aim was to assess the safety of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy.
Intraoperative monitoring of tissue ischemia by fluorescence lifetime optical probe for laparoscopic urological surgery
Authors: S.V. Popov, R.G. Guseinov, V.V. Shupletsov, I.N. Orlov, A.S. Katunin, E.V. Potapova, A.V. Mamoshin, A.V. Dunaev, E.A. Zherebtsov
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Vascular graft storage solution preserves endothelial function
Authors: B Winkler, PL Szabo, C Dostal, Z Arnold, D Geisler, I Crailsheim, S Folkmann, M Grabenwoeger, BK Podesser, A Kiss
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2022)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Karl Landsteiner Institute Cardiovascular Research Background Saline is still the most widely used storage and flushing solution in cardiovascular procedures despite knowing evidence of its influence on the human endothelial cell function. Aim of this study was to assess the effect of DuraGraft©, an intraoperative graft treatment solution, on human saphenous vein segments, rat aortic segments and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in comparison to saline. Methods Within 12 patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery, saphenous vein graft segments were randomized to DuraGraft© (n=12/6) or saline (n=12/6) solution before intraoperative storage. These segments as well as rat aortic segments underwent assessment of vascular function in a multichamber isometric myograph system in comparison to Krebs-Henseleit solution (KHS), a physiologic organ buffer solution. Additionally, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used for cell viability tests. Results KCl-induced contraction showed a tendency toward increase when treated with DuraGraft© compared to normal saline preservation of human vein segments (24.73±16.22 vs. 15.59±9.53 N/m2, P Conclusion DuraGraft© demonstrated a favorable effect on graft relaxation and contraction indicating preservation of vascular endothelial function. Saline is clearly not only inferior to this specialized solution but may show additional harmful effects to viability.
Prevalence of asthma and COPD in a cohort of patients at the follow up after COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: A. Verduri, J. Hewitt, B. Carter, R. Tonelli, E. Clini, B. Beghè
Journal: Pulmonology (2022)

O 2 at discharge && * COPD patients on pre-admission LTOTwere excluded (n=5) 5 [6.2] 2 [4.9] 3 [7.3]0.
Survival of stage 4 primary breast cancer cases after surgery by intrinsic subtype: HER2-positive subtype potentially curable.
Authors: Yoshihiko Kamada, Naoko Takigami, Kanou Uehara, Kentaro Tamaki, Nobumitsu Tamaki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

e13026 Background: With the incorporation of anti-HER2 agents in the treatment of HER2 positive primary breast cancer, stage 4 disease of this subtype has become potentially curable. However, the duration of clinical CR that is needed be certain that the patient is cured, and therefore the necessary duration of anti-HER2 treatment is uncertain. We address this issue in this presentation. Methods: We present cases of stage 4 primary breast cancer who underwent breast surgery after their distant metastases were controlled, with continued post-operative systemic therapy. There were 52 cases of which the intrinsic subtype as of immunohistochemical analysis was as follows; Luminal A - 7 cases, Luminal B, - 14 cases, Luminal-HER2 - 9 cases, HER2-enriched - 7 cases, and Triple negative -15 cases. The patients were followed up for duration of treatment and overall survival. Results: The average post-operative observation period for all 52 cases was 32.6 months. The five year overall survival rate for HER2-enriched cases was 100%, for Luminal-HER2 cases 80%, for Luminal A cases 80%, for Luminal B cases 55%, and for Triple-negative cases 0%. Of the 16 HER2 positive cases (Luminal-HER2 and HER2 enriched), there was only one death at 48.4 months post-operation. The survival of 5 of 15 surviving HER2 positive cases exceed 60 months (5 years). Of the five, only one at 72.0 months has clinically observable disease (cSD). The remaining 4 cases all are clinically disease free (cCR). Of the 4 cCR cases, only 1 case which originally had multiple lung metastases is continuing anti-HER2 therapy at 90.3 months post-operation. The remaining three discontinued anti-HER2 therapy at 18.1 months (lung metastases CR, observation period 71.7 months), 72.3 months (liver and lymph node metastases CR, observation period 90.3 months), and 101.9 months (liver and bone metastases CR, observation period 102.3 months), respectively. The last case terminated anti-HER2 therapy after testing negative for ERBB2 related genes on liquid biopsy. Conclusions: With the proper incorporation of anti-HER2 therapy, Stage 4 HER2 positive primary breast cancer disease seems to be a potentially curable disease, and anti-HER2 therapy probably can be discontinued in cCR patients after 5 years. Liquid biopsy for tumor related genes (e.g. ctDNA, miRNA) might facilitate decision making.
Simplified Cas13-based assays for the fast identification of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants
Authors: Jon Arizti-Sanz, A’Doriann Bradley, Yibin B. Zhang, Chloe K. Boehm, Catherine A. Freije, Michelle E. Grunberg, Tinna-Solveig F. Kosoko-Thoroddsen, Nicole L. Welch, Priya P. Pillai, Sreekar Mantena, Gaeun Kim, Jessica N. Uwanibe, Oluwagboadurami G. John, Philomena E. Eromon, Gregory Kocher, Robin Gross, Justin S. Lee, Lisa E. Hensley, Bronwyn L. MacInnis, Jeremy Johnson, Michael Springer, Christian T. Happi, Pardis C. Sabeti, Cameron Myhrvold
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2022)
Lack of price transparency for prostate-directed radiation therapy relative to radical prostatectomy.
Authors: Rahul Neal Prasad, Trevor Joseph Royce, Shang-Jui Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

1579 Background: For patients with low to favorable-intermediate risk prostate cancer (PC), management with active surveillance, radical prostatectomy (RP), external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), and brachytherapy (BT) are all National Cancer Center Network-supported definitive monotherapy options. Because therapy is non-urgent and choosing therapy can be complex, patients routinely seek second opinions and cost can be an important consideration. Recent federal price transparency (PT) guidance requires hospitals to provide payer-negotiated prices for ≥300 common services in a “shoppable,” user-friendly, online format. 70 services, including RP, are specified, while the remainder are left to institutional discretion. Despite equipoise between radiation therapy (RT, inclusive of EBRT and BT) and RP in definitive treatment for PC, inclusion of prices for RT is optional. National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer centers (NCI-CC) are high volume referral centers who have the option to volunteer prices for RT; the rate at which NCI-CC choose to report payer-negotiated price estimates for prostate-directed RT is unknown. We hypothesize that reporting rates for BT and EBRT are significantly lower than for RP. Methods: Through online query, we identified “shoppable” price tools for NCI-CC in December 2021. Using billing codes and keyword searches, we queried these price tools for cost estimates for RP, EBRT (delivered using intensity modulated radiation therapy), and BT. Descriptive statistics, include frequency counts and proportions, were performed. The rate of reporting of “shoppable,” negotiated prices for each therapy was assessed. These rates were compared using the chi-squared test (significance level of α = 0.05). Results: Of the 63 NCI-CC offering clinical care, 58 (92%) published “shoppable” tools. 6 (10%), 7 (11%), and 51 (81%) published “shoppable” prices for EBRT, BT, and RP, respectively, demonstrating a significantly higher rate of publication of prices for RP than for EBRT or BT ( P &lt; 0.001). All of the published prices for BT were for high dose rate BT. The 11 Medicare Prospective Payment System–exempt NCI-CC had the highest rates of reporting “shoppable” prices at 91%, with 64%, 27%, and 36% including prices for RP, EBRT, and BT, respectively. Conclusions: Under existing regulations, patients with PC can obtain payer-negotiated price estimates for EBRT and BT from just roughly 10% of NCI-CC, while price estimates for RP are offered by &gt; 80% of these institutions. This represents a potential obstacle to informed decision making, undermines the stated goals of US PT health policy, and the impact on utilization rates (or patient choice of therapy) is unknown. Moving forward, mandating the inclusion of common RT services (EBRT and BT) in “shoppable” price tools is a straightforward intervention that may be highly beneficial in this common cancer population.
Efficacy and safety of palbociclib in treatment of HR-positive advanced breast cancer patients: A single center real-world experience.
Authors: Ashok K. Vaid, Devender Sharma, Jyoti Wadhwa, Nagender Sharma, Saurabh Mishra, Dheeraj Gautam, Ashok Sen, Anisha Raju, Lavina Yadav, Girdhar Verma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

e13035 Background: With an estimated 2.3 million new cases (11.7% of all cases), female breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer globally as of 2020. Metastatic or advanced breast cancer is an incurable disease with a 5-year overall survival rate of 28.1%. Palbociclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor combined with an aromatase inhibitor, is approved to treat HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The present single-arm study evaluates the real world experience of efficacy and safety of Palbociclib-Letrozole for the treatment of HR+/HER2- MBC in the Indian population. Methods: MBC patients with or without prior chemotherapy and hormone therapy were treated with Palbociclib 125 mg once daily (3/1 schedule) plus Letrozole 2.5 mg once daily. The efficacy was recorded as objective response or disease control rate based on the response as per the RECIST criteria. The study also reports the incidence and severity of adverse events during the treatment duration. The tolerability was assessed per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v.4.0 and coded using Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) v.21.0. Results: A total of 102 patients were treated from 2017 to 2020 at the tertiary cancer center. The efficacy response is captured as per the investigator's assessment of the disease response. The response is as captured for 100/102 patients (two patients lost to follow-up) and are represented in Table. About 17% (23/100) patients achieved an objective response, while 54% (57/100) showed disease control. The tolerability was assessed as treatment-related side-effects (adverse events (AEs) and severe adverse events (SAEs)) as reported by the treating oncologist. Overall, 61 adverse events were observed in 40/102 (39.22%). The most-reported AE, neutropenia, was reported in 13 patients, followed by chest pain and breathlessness. Conclusions: In the present study, Palbociclib + Letrozole reported good clinical response at the end of treatment duration with a manageable tolerability profile in the Indian population.
A cross sectional survey to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of Yoga among cancer patients at a tertiary care hospital in Rishikesh, India.
Authors: Amit Sehrawat, Sweta Malik, Shikha Mudgal, Twinkle Dogra, Suresh Lal Barnwal, Jaya Chaturvedi, Uttam Kumar Nath, Deepak sundriyal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

e24040 Background: The global cancer burden continues to rise, putting individuals under severe physical, mental, and financial stress. Yoga may aid chemotherapy patients to improve their quality of life. The purpose of this survey is to learn more about the gaps in knowledge, attitude, and practice of Yoga and barriers. Methods: The cross-sectional time-bound survey was conducted on cancer patients of age 18 years and above receiving cancer treatment at the outpatient clinic of AIIMS Rishikesh. We collected data of 738 cancer patients, bivariate and multivariate analysis was done to understand the level of awareness of the importance of Yoga as an alternative therapy. Results: Of 738 cancer patients who participated, 90.2% had heard about Yoga. Among those aware of yogic practices, only 15.9% knew that Yoga is an alternative therapy across the world. Knowledge of yogic importance was associated with age (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.07-1.26, p = 0.002), education (OR = 0.5, 95%CI = 0.4-0.6, p &lt; &lt; .001), religion (OR = 1.16, 95%CI = 1.1-1.2, p &lt; &lt; .001). Attitude towards Yoga with the belief that it helps maintain mental health has a positive association with education (OR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.8-0.9, p = 0.03). Almost 56% of cancer patients had never practiced Yoga. The identified barriers in yogic kriya practice were lack of time, interest, and facilities. Conclusions: The knowledge of the benefits of Yoga on health was high in adolescent young cancer patients. Still, the motivation towards yoga practice is limited due to various factors like lack of infrastructure, time, belief. The gap between knowledge, attitude, practice, and barriers can be overcome by conducting effective yogic programs for this population.
Treatment patterns, social determinants of health, and functional outcomes for older adults in supportive oncology.
Authors: Karen A. Armstrong, Kimberly Angelia Curseen, Dee M. Baldwin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

e18575 Background: Research suggests that disparities in all-cause cancer survival times include a dynamic interplay of social determinants of health (SDOH) and treatment decisions. The social environment and associated vulnerability to interpersonal factors, access to social resources and supports, socialization and socioecological experiences affect health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the nexus of SDOH, treatment decisions, and functional outcomes for older adults in supportive oncology at a large academic medical center. Methods: After obtaining IRB approval, we conducted a retrospective chart review of supportive oncology older adults from 2014-2017 (n = 4495) using data restricted to ICD10 codes for solid tumors. We conducted a retrospective analysis to investigate SDOH and treatment decisions for the older adult cancer cohort. Demographic variables included patient age, race, sex, medical insurance, primary diagnosis, attending physician specialty, and comorbidities. Survival time was defined as time from admission to event of death or discharge. We used zip code median income as a surrogate for individual level social gradients. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) application version 9.4. We used logistics regression and Cox proportional hazards models to answer research questions. Results: The sample (n = 4495) of adult cancer patients was 50% female, 51% white, and mostly (81%) high SES position. The mean age was 66.24 years (SD = 15.23). Treatment patterns included 596 (14%) chemotherapy, 402 (9%) radiation, 415 (9%) both chemotherapy and radiation; and 3015 (68%) reported not having any treatment. Median survival time was 12.88 days. Over 95% of sample reported multiple comorbidities while 76% reported enrollment in government insurance. The crude association between treatment decisions and social position was 1.64 (CI 1.38,1.95) compared to the bias adjusted association which ranged from 2.60 to 4.54. However, the hazard of mortality between those with no cancer treatment was HR = 1.03 (0.96, 1.11) times the corresponding hazard among those receiving treatment. Conclusions: Although supportive oncology clinics may decrease symptom-burden, they may add to fragmentation of care if multiple personnel are involved. Our findings provided evidence that high socially positioned older adults were 4.54 times more likely to receive treatment compared to low socially positioned older adults although there was no meaningful difference in survival times. Clinicians need to create interventions to reduce treatment disparities. Further research is warranted to foster policy models to improve health equity and promote positive functional outcomes for older adults with cancer.