tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Luspatercept use for lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes: Active but not enough
Authors: Mrinal M. Patnaik, Ayalew Tefferi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2023)

Mrinal M. Patnaik has received research funding from Kura Oncology, Stem Line pharmaceuticals, Epigenetix, and CITI pharmaceuticals. Data sharing not applicable as no new data were generated.
Lifetime Burden of Psychological Symptoms, Disorders, and Suicide Due to Cancer in Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Years
Authors: Ainsley Ryan Yan Bin Lee, Chen Ee Low, Chun En Yau, Jiaqi Li, Roger Ho, Cyrus Su Hui Ho
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Importance A cancer diagnosis and treatment may result in highly traumatic periods with lasting psychological consequences for children, adolescent, and young adult patients with cancer (CYACs). Early identification and management may prevent long-term psychological morbidity and suicide. Objective To analyze risk, severity, and risk factors for depression, anxiety, psychotic disorders, and suicide in CYACs and noncancer comparators. Data Sources Literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and PubMed Central from January 1, 2000, to November 18, 2022. Study Selection Full-length articles in peer-reviewed journals that measured and reported risk and/or severity of depression, anxiety, psychotic disorders, and suicide mortality in CYACs and a noncancer comparator group. Data Extraction and Synthesis Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines were followed with prospective PROSPERO registration. Main Outcomes and Measures Risk ratios (RRs) were used for dichotomous outcomes, and standardized mean differences (SMDs) were used for continuous outcomes. SMDs were defined as follows: 0.2, small; 0.5, medium; and 0.8, large. Sources of heterogeneity and risk factors were investigated using sensitivity, subgroup, and meta-regression analyses. Results From 7319 records, 52 studies were included. Meta-analyses revealed that CYACs were at increased lifetime risk of severe symptoms or a disorder of depression (RR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.29-1.92), anxiety (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.14-1.47), and psychotic disorders (RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.36-1.80) relative to both matched controls and their siblings. Overall suicide mortality was not significantly elevated (RR, 1.63; 95% CI, 0.78-3.40). The mean severity of depression was found to be elevated in CYACs receiving treatment (SMD, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.13-0.74) and long-term survivors (SMD, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.02-0.33). The mean severity of anxiety was found to be elevated only during treatment (SMD, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03-0.20). Conclusions and Relevance Findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that CYACs may experience lasting psychological burden long into survivorship. Timely identification, preventive efforts, and psycho-oncological intervention for psychological comorbidity are recommended.
Long-term exposure to air pollution and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 hospitalisation or death: Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Jiawei Zhang, Youn-Hee Lim, Rina So, Jeanette T. Jørgensen, Laust H. Mortensen, George M. Napolitano, Thomas Cole-Hunter, Steffen Loft, Samir Bhatt, Gerard Hoek, Bert Brunekreef, Rudi Westendorp, Matthias Ketzel, Jørgen Brandt, Theis Lange, Thea Kølsen-Fisher, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2023)

Early ecological studies have suggested links between air pollution and risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but evidence from individual-level cohort studies is still sparse. We examined whether long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with risk of COVID-19 and who is most susceptible.
Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs underlie West Nile virus encephalitis in ∼40% of patients
Authors: Adrian Gervais, Francesca Rovida, Maria Antonietta Avanzini, Stefania Croce, Astrid Marchal, Shih-Ching Lin, Alessandro Ferrari, Christian W. Thorball, Orianne Constant, Tom Le Voyer, Quentin Philippot, Jérémie Rosain, Micol Angelini, Malena Pérez Lorenzo, Lucy Bizien, Cristian Achille, Francesca Trespidi, Elisa Burdino, Irene Cassaniti, Daniele Lilleri, Chiara Fornara, José Camilla Sammartino, Danilo Cereda, Chiara Marrocu, Antonio Piralla, Chiara Valsecchi, Stefano Ricagno, Paola Cogo, Olaf Neth, Inés Marín-Cruz, Monia Pacenti, Alessandro Sinigaglia, Marta Trevisan, Andrea Volpe, Antonio Marzollo, Francesca Conti, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Andrea Pession, Pierluigi Viale, Jacques Fellay, Stefano Ghirardello, Mélodie Aubart, Valeria Ghisetti, Alessandro Aiuti, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, Paul Bastard, Elena Percivalle, Fausto Baldanti, Anne Puel, Margaret R. MacDonald, Charles M. Rice, Giada Rossini, Kristy O. Murray, Yannick Simonin, Anna Nagy, Luisa Barzon, Laurent Abel, Michael S. Diamond, Aurélie Cobat, Shen-Ying Zhang, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Alessandro Borghesi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2023)

Mosquito-borne West Nile virus (WNV) infection is benign in most individuals but can cause encephalitis in &amp;lt;1% of infected individuals. We show that ∼35% of patients hospitalized for WNV disease (WNVD) in six independent cohorts from the EU and USA carry auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-α and/or -ω. The prevalence of these antibodies is highest in patients with encephalitis (∼40%), and that in individuals with silent WNV infection is as low as that in the general population. The odds ratios for WNVD in individuals with these auto-Abs relative to those without them in the general population range from 19.0 (95% CI 15.0–24.0, P value &amp;lt;10–15) for auto-Abs neutralizing only 100 pg/ml IFN-α and/or IFN-ω to 127.4 (CI 87.1–186.4, P value &amp;lt;10–15) for auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-α and IFN-ω at a concentration of 10 ng/ml. These antibodies block the protective effect of IFN-α in Vero cells infected with WNV in vitro. Auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-α and/or IFN-ω underlie ∼40% of cases of WNV encephalitis.
Rates of and Factors Associated With Patient Withdrawal of Consent in Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Shauna L. Hillman, Aminah Jatoi, Carrie A. Strand, Jane Perlmutter, Suzanne George, Sumithra J. Mandrekar
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

Patient withdrawal of consent from a cancer clinical trial is defined as a patient's volitional cessation of participation in all matters related to a trial. It can undermine the trial's purpose, make the original sample size and power calculations irrelevant, introduce bias between trial arms, and prolong the time to trial completion.
Poor Mental Health Among Survivors of Childhood Cancer—Risk Factors and a Call for Intervention
Authors: Abby R. Rosenberg, Anna C. Muriel
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Developing an Ideal Risk Stratification Model for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Georges Gebrael, Gliceida Galarza Fortuna, Neeraj Agarwal
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Patterns of SARS-CoV-2 circulation revealed by a nationwide sewage surveillance programme, the Netherlands, August 2020 to February 2022
Authors: Michiel van Boven, Wouter A Hetebrij, Arno Swart, Erwin Nagelkerke, Rudolf FHJ van der Beek, Sjors Stouten, Rudolf T Hoogeveen, Fuminari Miura, Astrid Kloosterman, Anne-Merel R van der Drift, Anne Welling, Willemijn J Lodder, Ana Maria de Roda Husman
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

Background Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater offers a near real-time tool to track circulation of SARS-CoV-2 at a local scale. However, individual measurements of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage are noisy, inherently variable and can be left-censored. Aim We aimed to infer latent virus loads in a comprehensive sewage surveillance programme that includes all sewage treatment plants (STPs) in the Netherlands and covers 99.6% of the Dutch population. Methods We applied a multilevel Bayesian penalised spline model to estimate time- and STP-specific virus loads based on water flow-adjusted SARS-CoV-2 qRT-PCR data for one to four sewage samples per week for each of the more than 300 STPs. Results The model captured the epidemic upsurges and downturns in the Netherlands, despite substantial day-to-day variation in the measurements. Estimated STP virus loads varied by more than two orders of magnitude, from ca 10 12 virus particles per 100,000 persons per day in the epidemic trough in August 2020 to almost 10 15 per 100,000 in many STPs in January 2022. The timing of epidemics at the local level was slightly shifted between STPs and municipalities, which resulted in less pronounced peaks and troughs at the national level. Conclusion Although substantial day-to-day variation is observed in virus load measurements, wastewater-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 that is performed at high sampling frequency can track long-term progression of an epidemic at a local scale in near real time.
Levodopa-loaded nanoparticles for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Emile F. van Vliet, Maarten J. Knol, Raymond M. Schiffelers, Massimiliano Caiazzo, Marcel H.A.M. Fens
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2023)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) resulting in dopamine (DA) deficiency, which manifests itself in motor symptoms including tremors, rigidity and bradykinesia. Current PD treatments aim at symptom reduction through oral delivery of levodopa (L-DOPA), a precursor of DA. However, L-DOPA delivery to the brain is inefficient and increased dosages are required as the disease progresses, resulting in serious side effects like dyskinesias. To improve PD treatment efficacy and to reduce side effects, recent research focuses on the encapsulation of L-DOPA into polymeric- and lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs). These formulations can protect L-DOPA from systemic decarboxylation into DA and improve L-DOPA delivery to the central nervous system. Additionally, NPs can be modified with proteins, peptides and antibodies specifically targeting the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thereby reducing required dosages and free systemic DA. Alternative delivery approaches for NP-encapsulated L-DOPA include intravenous (IV) administration, transdermal delivery using adhesive patches and direct intranasal administration, facilitating increased therapeutic DA concentrations in the brain. This review provides an overview of the recent advances for NP-mediated L-DOPA delivery to the brain, and debates challenges and future perspectives on the field.
Trends in SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in school staff, students and their household members from 2020 to 2022 in Wales, UK: an electronic cohort study
Authors: Emily Lowthian, Hoda Abbasizanjani, Stuart Bedston, Ashley Akbari, Laura Cowley, Richard Fry, Rhiannon K Owen, Joe Hollinghurst, Igor Rudan, Jillian Beggs, Emily Marchant, Fatemeh Torabi, Simon de Lusignan, Tom Crick, Graham Moore, Aziz Sheikh, Ronan A Lyons
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2023)

Objectives We investigated SARS-CoV-2 infection trends, risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination uptake among school staff, students and their household members in Wales, UK. Design Seven-day average of SARS-CoV-2 infections and polymerase chain reaction tests per 1000 people daily, cumulative incidence of COVID-19 vaccination uptake and multi-level Poisson models with time-varying covariates. Setting National electronic cohort between September 2020 and May 2022 when several variants were predominant in the UK (Alpha, Delta and Omicron). Participants School students aged 4 to 10/11 years (primary school and younger middle school, n = 238,163), and 11 to 15/16 years (secondary school and older middle school, n = 182,775), school staff in Wales ( n = 47,963) and the household members of students and staff ( n = 697,659). Main outcome measures SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination uptake. Results School students had a sustained period of high infection rates compared with household members after August 2021. Primary schedule vaccination uptake was highest among staff (96.3%) but lower for household members (72.2%), secondary and older middle school students (59.8%), and primary and younger middle school students (3.3%). Multi-level Poisson models showed that vaccination was associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The Delta variant posed a greater infection risk for students than the Alpha variant. However, Omicron was a larger risk for staff and household members. Conclusions Public health bodies should be informed of the protection COVID-19 vaccines afford, with more research being required for younger populations. Furthermore, schools require additional support in managing new, highly transmissible variants. Further research should examine the mechanisms between child deprivation and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Net Clinical Benefit as Measure of Treatment Benefit Among Older Adults With Advanced Incurable Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Reply
Authors: Teja Voruganti, Carolyn J. Presley, Cary P. Gross
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

In Reply We appreciate the comments by Lee and Driscoll regarding our cohort study1 on temporal trends in survival with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in older adults.
A Phase 3, Randomized Trial of Bulevirtide in Chronic Hepatitis D
Authors: Heiner Wedemeyer, Soo Aleman, Maurizia Rossana Brunetto, Antje Blank, Pietro Andreone, Pavel Bogomolov, Vladimir Chulanov, Nina Mamonova, Natalia Geyvandova, Viacheslav Morozov, Olga Sagalova, Tatyana Stepanova, Annemarie Berger, Dmitry Manuilov, Vithika Suri, Qi An, Ben Da, John Flaherty, Anu Osinusi, Yang Liu, Uta Merle, Julian Schulze zur Wiesch, Stefan Zeuzem, Sandra Ciesek, Markus Cornberg, Pietro Lampertico
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

Coinfection with hepatitis D virus (HDV) accelerates the progression of liver disease associated with chronic hepatitis B. Bulevirtide inhibits the entry of HDV into hepatocytes.In this ongoing phase 3 trial, patients with chronic hepatitis D, with or without compensated cirrhosis, were randomly assigned, in a 1:1:1 ratio, to receive bulevirtide subcutaneously at 2 mg per day (2-mg group) or 10 mg per day (10-mg group) for 144 weeks or to receive no treatment for 48 weeks followed by bulevirtide subcutaneously at 10 mg per day for 96 weeks (control group). Patients will complete 96 weeks of additional follow-up after the end of treatment. The primary end point was a combined response at week 48 of an undetectable HDV RNA level, or a level that decreased by at least 2 log10 IU per milliliter from baseline, and normalization of the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level. The key secondary end point was an undetectable HDV RNA level at week 48, in a comparison between the 2-mg group and the 10-mg group.A total of 49 patients were assigned to the 2-mg group, 50 to the 10-mg group, and 51 to the control group. A primary end-point response occurred in 45% of patients in the 2-mg group, 48% in the 10-mg group, and 2% in the control group (P<0.001 for the comparison of each dose group with the control group). The HDV RNA level at week 48 was undetectable in 12% of patients in the 2-mg group and in 20% in the 10-mg group (P = 0.41). The ALT level normalized in 12% of patients in the control group, 51% in the 2-mg group (difference from control, 39 percentage points [95% confidence interval {CI}, 20 to 56]), and 56% in the 10-mg group (difference from control, 44 percentage points [95% CI, 26 to 60]). Loss of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) or an HBsAg level that decreased by at least 1 log10 IU per milliliter did not occur in the bulevirtide groups by week 48. Headache, pruritus, fatigue, eosinophilia, injection-site reactions, upper abdominal pain, arthralgia, and asthenia were more common in the 2-mg and 10-mg groups combined than in the control group. No treatment-related serious adverse events occurred. Dose-dependent increases in bile acid levels were noted in the 2-mg and 10-mg groups.After 48 weeks of bulevirtide treatment, HDV RNA and ALT levels were reduced in patients with chronic hepatitis D. (Funded by Gilead Sciences; MYR 301 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03852719.).
Enhancing Patient Retention in Clinical Trials—Strategies for Success
Authors: Dame Idossa, Shruti Patel, Narjust Florez
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Air pollution and COVID-19 severity
Authors: Jordi Sunyer, Payam Dadvand
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2023)

Air pollution may elevate the risk of infection and severity ( e.g. , intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death) from COVID-19 by modifying host susceptibility to infection and disease severity, and by elevating the risk of comorbidities [1]. An emerging body of toxicological and experimental evidence has provided insights on how acute [2] and chronic [3] air pollution exposure could play a role in COVID-19 infection and severity. There is also substantial epidemiological evidence on the effects of long-term air pollution exposure in the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 [1]. However, most epidemiological data is based on ecological studies (susceptible to group-level and cross-level confounding), passive and not active case ascertainment and outcome characterization (susceptible to case-ascertainment bias), and poor assessment of air pollution exposure (a potential for a misclassification bias). Air pollution abatement would be a very effective way to protect our population from the impact of COVID-19
Moral Stress and Moral Distress: Confronting Challenges in Healthcare Systems under Pressure
Authors: Mara Buchbinder, Alyssa Browne, Nancy Berlinger, Tania Jenkins, Liza Buchbinder
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2023)

Stresses on healthcare systems and moral distress among clinicians are urgent, intertwined bioethical problems in contemporary healthcare. Yet conceptualizations of moral distress in bioethical inquiry often overlook a range of routine threats to professional integrity in healthcare work. Using examples from our research on frontline physicians working during the COVID-19 pandemic, this article clarifies conceptual distinctions between
Ordering taxa in image convolution networks improves microbiome-based machine learning accuracy
Authors: Oshrit Shtossel, Haim Isakov, Sondra Turjeman, Omry Koren, Yoram Louzoun
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

The human gut microbiome is associated with a large number of disease etiologies. As such, it is a natural candidate for machine-learning-based biomarker development for multiple diseases and conditions. The microbiome is often analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing or shotgun metagenomics. However, several properties of microbial sequence-based studies hinder machine learning (ML), including non-uniform representation, a small number of samples compared with the dimension of each sample, and sparsity of the data, with the majority of taxa present in a small subset of samples. We show here using a graph representation that the cladogram structure is as informative as the taxa frequency. We then suggest a novel method to combine information from different taxa and improve data representation for ML using microbial taxonomy. iMic (image microbiome) translates the microbiome to images through an iterative ordering scheme, and applies convolutional neural networks to the resulting image. We show that iMic has a higher precision in static microbiome gene sequence-based ML than state-of-the-art methods. iMic also facilitates the interpretation of the classifiers through an explainable artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm to iMic to detect taxa relevant to each condition. iMic is then extended to dynamic microbiome samples by translating them to movies.