tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Retinoid resistance is common in most solid tumors, including pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Gupta and colleagues show that the majority (∼80%) of pancreatic cancers are likely to be resistant to retinoic acid due to the tumorspecific overexpression of fatty acid–binding protein-5 (FABP5), which channels all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) into survival and proliferation pathways. On the contrary, approximately 20% of cases that lack FABP5 expression but are characterized by high levels of cellular retinoic acid–binding protein-2 (CRABP2), retain retinoid sensitivity. A simple immunohistochemical assay can identify the subset of FABP5-negative tumors most likely to benefit from ATRA therapy in settings such as gemcitabine resistance.Immunosuppressive phenotype and infiltrative growth into the surrounding brain tissue are characteristic features of malignant gliomas. Such factors as TGF-β are relevant in both processes. Here, Lemke and colleagues show that 4IgB7H3, a member of the B7-family of costimulatory proteins, has similar properties that function in a TGF-β–independent manner. Clinically, expression of B7H3 in human glioma correlates with the grade of malignancy and is associated with worse clinical outcome. Mechanistically, the active immunosuppressive and proinvasive form of 4IgB7H3 is released into the supernatant in glioma, whereas in other tumors and dendritic cells the membrane-bound form has been found to be active. Thus, 4IgB7H3 has potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in malignant glioma.Follicular cystic lesions, keratoacanthomas, and squamous cell carcinomas, all seemingly originating from hair follicles, frequently occur in patients treated with sorafenib. More than 30% of these lesions harbor oncogenic, potentially UV-induced HRAS, TGFBR1, or TP53 mutations. Sorafenib, like other BRAF inhibitors, induces a paradoxical increase in keratinocyte proliferation and MAP kinase pathway activation due to BRAF/CRAF dimerization and CRAF activation. The findings reported by Arnault and colleagues have major implications because they suggest that other cells with wild-type BRAF carrying a somatic event like a RAS mutation could be transformed by sorafenib or other BRAF inhibitors in vivo.TP53 is the most commonly mutated gene in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, its use as a prognostic marker is controversial. Skinner and colleagues found that a class of TP53 mutations (“disruptive”) was predictive for higher locoregional failure in patients treated with radiation, who showed increased in vitro radioresistance and decreased rates of senescence. They observed that HNSCC cells harboring disruptive TP53 could be selectively radiosensitized with metformin both in vitro and in vivo. Also, metformin use was associated with decreased locoregional failure in patients following radiation. These data suggest that TP53 is a promising biomarker to predict local failure and that metformin is a potential agent to target these tumors.
Preterm Singleton Births—United States, 1989-1996
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Preterm birth (birth at <37 completed weeks of gestation) is the second leading cause of neonatal mortality in the United States. Preterm birthrates differ by race; in 1996, black infants were 1.8 times more likely than white infants to be preterm. From 1989 through 1996, the overall rate of preterm birth (per 1000 live-born infants) increased 4%, and the rate of multiple births (e.g., twins, triplets, or other higher-order births) increased 19%. Multiple births are associated with preterm birth; trends in preterm births independent of the influence of multiple births have not been fully explored. To characterize race- and ethnicity-specific trends in preterm birth independent of multiple births, data from U.S. birth certificates for 1989-1996 were analyzed for singleton births only. This report summarizes the results of this analysis and indicates that although singleton preterm birthrates are stable overall, substantial changes in rates occurred in some racial/ethnic subgroups.
Preciseness and Specificity for Medical Records
Authors: Burgess L. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Effective presentations of medical data are essential in the furtherance of modern medicine: for the continuing study and treatment of individual patients; as source material for statistical analysis of diseases and conditions; to reflect the contributions of preventive medicine, definitive treatment, and rehabilitation; to reveal the changing modes of diagnosis and treatment as influenced by the developments of clinical and fundamental research; for references in medical education and journalism; and in compliance with regulations of the US government and private agencies for information pertaining to claims for illnesses, injuries, and disability. The applications of computer technology in the handling of scientific data strike the imagination and emphasize the needs for thoughtful, authoritative, functional, and timely documentation. Accordingly, chiefs of hospital services, administrators, and accreditation boards strongly urge the perfection of medical records, first, for professional purposes and, second, to reflect the skills and excellence of diagnosis and the benefits of
A Laboratory Guide in Bacteriology for the Use of Students, Teachers and Practitioners.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Metabolic regulation by prostaglandin <scp>E<sub>2</sub></scp> impairs lung group 2 innate lymphoid cell responses
Authors: Calum T. Robb, You Zhou, Jennifer M. Felton, Birong Zhang, Marie Goepp, Privjyot Jheeta, Danielle J. Smyth, Rodger Duffin, Sonja Vermeren, Richard M. Breyer, Shuh Narumiya, Henry J. McSorley, Rick M. Maizels, Jürgen K. J. Schwarze, Adriano G. Rossi, Chengcan Yao
Journal: Allergy (2022)

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a critical role in asthma pathogenesis. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) is associated with reduced signaling via EP2, a receptor for prostaglandin E
Emergence of highly profibrotic and proinflammatory Lrat + Fbln2 + HSC subpopulation in alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Steven Balog, Reika Fujiwara, Stephanie Q. Pan, Khairat B. El‐Baradie, Hye Yeon Choi, Sonal Sinha, Qihong Yang, Kinji Asahina, Yibu Chen, Meng Li, Matthew Salomon, Stanley W.‐K. Ng, Hidekazu Tsukamoto
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Background and Aims: Relative roles of HSCs and portal fibroblasts in alcoholic hepatitis (AH) are unknown. We aimed to identify subpopulations of collagen type 1 alpha 1 (Col1a1)–expressing cells in a mouse AH model by single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and filtering the cells with the HSC (lecithin retinol acyltransferase [Lrat]) and portal fibroblast (Thy‐1 cell surface antigen [Thy1] and fibulin 2 [Fbln2]) markers and vitamin A (VitA) storage. Approach and Results: Col1a1–green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice underwent AH, CCl 4 , and bile duct ligation (BDL) procedures to have comparable F1‐F2 liver fibrosis. Col1a1‐expressing cells were sorted via FACS by VitA autofluorescence and GFP for single‐cell RNA sequencing. In AH, approximately 80% of Lrat+Thy1−Fbln2− activated HSCs were VitA‐depleted (vs. ~13% in BDL and CCl 4 ). Supervised clustering identified a subset co‐expressing Lrat and Fbln2 (Lrat+Fbln2+), which expanded 44‐fold, 17‐fold, and 1.3‐fold in AH, BDL, and CCl 4 . Lrat+Fbln2+ cells had 3–15‐times inductions of profibrotic, myofibroblastic, and immunoregulatory genes versus Lrat+Fbln2− cells, but 2–4‐times repressed HSC‐selective genes. AH activated HSCs had up‐regulated inflammatory (chemokine [C‐X‐C motif] ligand 2 [Cxcl2], chemokine [C‐C motif] ligand 2), antimicrobial (Il‐33, Zc3h12a), and antigen presentation (H2‐Q6, H2‐T23) genes versus BDL and CCl 4 . Computational deconvolution of AH versus normal human bulk‐liver RNA‐sequencing data supported an expansion of LRAT+FBLN2+ cells in AH; AH patient liver immunohistochemistry showed FBLN2 staining along fibrotic septa enriched with LRAT+ cells; and in situ hybridization confirmed co‐expression of FBLN2 with CXCL2 and/or human leukocyte antigen E in patient AH. Finally, HSC tracing in Lrat‐Cre;Rosa26mTmG mice detected GFP+FBLN2+ cells in AH. Conclusion: A highly profibrotic, inflammatory, and immunoregulatory Lrat+Fbln2+ subpopulation emerges from HSCs in AH and may contribute to the inflammatory and immunoreactive nature of AH.
A Simple and Reliable Test for Sickling
Authors: Paul Heller
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The paper of Schneider, Alperin, and Lehmann (<b>202</b>:419, 1967) pointed out the occasional difficulties and pitfalls of the standard sickling test performed in the clinical laboratory. A much simpler and more reliable test for the clinical laboratory is the slideelution test which we developed a few years ago (<i>Blood</i><b>24</b>:198, 1964). This test is based on the fact that hemoglobin S is insoluble in high molar phosphate buffer. Blood smears are prepared from capillary blood in the same way as for staining, but the unstained slides are placed into Coplin jars filled with 50 ml of 2.4 O M phosphate buffer (20.9 g/100 cc of K<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub>and 16.3 g/100 cc of KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>; the solution is stable and we have used it for longer than three months after preparation). Just prior to the placement of the slide a small amount
MESENTERIC PANNICULITIS
Authors: S Schwery, P J Hangartner, T Vollrath, H Bühler
Journal: JAMA (1966)

A 70-year-old patient with a 6 x 6 x 12 cm mass involving the mesentery root is discussed. The pseudotumorous infiltration was detected by ultrasound done because of nonspecific abdominal symptoms and weight loss. Laparoscopic biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of mesenteric panniculitis. The primary histologic criterion is infiltration of the mesenterium by foamy lipid-laden macrophages, clusters of lymphocytes and fibrosis. The majority of cases follow a benign course and need no therapy, but co-existence of lymphoma has been reported. There have been few cases where panniculitis with progressive fibrosis changed into retractile mesenteritis with shortening of the mesenterium and compression of mesenteric vessels with partial or complete intestinal obstruction or ischemia requiring surgery. Few reported cases of severe and progressive disease have been treated with prednisone and azathioprine or cyclophosphamide.
Current Strategy for Urban Measles Control
Authors: Kenrad E. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Reported measles attack rates are substantially less since licensure of vaccine. Nevertheless, measles continues to be an important cause of morbidity among inner-city populations. In an urban epidemic that occurred after vaccine licensure, the deaths, encephalitis cases, and complication rates among hospitalized patients were similar to those in a prevaccine epidemic. In the earlier and later epidemics, respectively, 23.2% and 30.1% of hospitalized patients were less than 1 year old. In the later epidemic, attack rates were much greater in lower socioeconomic areas than in higher ones. Vaccine failure did not contribute greatly to the later epidemic. Childhood measles vaccination should be given high priority. As long as measles risk remains high, vaccination appears indicated for infants 6 to 9 months old from crowded, lower-income urban areas. These infants will need booster doses later to ensure immunity.
Tumors and Cancers. A Biological Study.
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by measurement of S100 protein in serum
Authors: J P McConville, J J Craig
Journal: BMJ (1998)

How to use the Risk Tables1 To estimate a person's absolute annual risk of a cardiovascular event (newly diagnosed angina, MI, CHD death, stroke or TIA) identify the table relating to person's sex, diabetes status, smoking status and age (locate closest) 2 Within the table find the cell nearest to the person's blood pressure and TC:HDL-C ratio 3 Compare cell colour with risk level 4 For patients with a strong family history of CHD, increase their risk level by at least one colour category
American Medical Directory.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

This directory, like its predecessors, is a register of physicians in the United States and its possessions and U. S. physicians who are temporarily located in foreign countries.The only criterion for inclusion is the degree of Doctor of Medicine.In this edition the Directory is in three vol- umes.The first volume is an alphabetical list of physicians, giving city and state for each.Volume two is the geographical list of physi- cians in the federal services and in Alabama through Minnesota.Volume three concludes the geographical listing with the last part of Minnesota through Wyoming and temporary foreign residents.The spine errs in listing the last state as Wisconsin.The biographical infor- mation in the geographical registers is in coded form, giving name, address, and in code, year of birth, medical school and year of graduation, year of license in the state of residence, year of certification by National Board of
Measuring Central Venous Pressure Through Hyperalimentation Catheters
Authors: Krishnan Sriram
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his answer to a reader's question on central venous hyperalimentation catheterization (1981;247:521), Dr R. M. Vazquez has pointed out ways and means of decreasing catheter-induced sepsis. We would like to bring to the attention of readers that it is possible to measure central venous pressure (CVP) using hyperalimentation catheters without the use of a water manometer, thus maintaining the integrity and sterility of the system. The method entails simply disconnecting the intravenous (IV) tubing from the infusion pump and opening up the stopcock to facilitate rapid infusion of the solution. The bottle is then lowered slowly until the solution stops dripping. The distance between the midaxillary line of the patient (which usually corresponds to the level of the right atrium) and the meniscus of the fluid in the drip chamber represents the CVP. To be more accurate, the bottle may be lowered even further, and then
The Current and Potential Use of Course Examinations
Authors: Hilliard Jason
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Undergraduate medical education, with very rare exception, is divided into discrete courses, each dealing with a specific subject area, such as physiology, physical diagnosis, or pediatrics. Characteristically, our assessment of student achievement relies heavily upon examinations based on these courses. There are two aspects of this practice to which I will focus our attention: (1) some of the educational implications of compartmentalizing our instruction and evaluation into "courses" and (2) the consequences of basing our assessments of students largely on formal examinations. Both of these matters lead into the larger questions of what it is that we want students to learn and how we can best assure ourselves that they have learned. <h3>Meanings of Course Examinations</h3> In the final course examinations which we administer, we are knowingly or unknowingly saying to the students, "This is a sampling of the central issues you were to have derived from our instruction; this
A Text-Book of Legal Medicine and Toxicology.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment of Acute Malaria
Authors: P. Manson-Bahr
Journal: BMJ (1953)

BRITISH the upper respiratory tract sometimes aggravated the exist- ing allergy or induced a fresh allergy.The paediatrician was of course more likely to see the failures after operation than was the surgeon.Great caution was needed before surgery was undertaken in allergic subjects.A history of recurrent and prolonged colds suggested the possibility of allergy plus infection.In addition to the more commonly recognized symptoms of allergy, a persistent, unproductive cough, worse at night than in the day and not responding to the ordinary remedies, was often complained of.Skin tests were, on the whole, disappointing, as also was specific desensitization based on such tests, though occasionally a dramatic cure m;ight be obtained.Swabs of the posterior nares, allowed to remain in situ for at least a minute, often showed the presence of eosinophilia.Radiological examin- ation could be most helpful.Treatment should, so far as possible, be conservative.Besides avoidance of contact with the offending allergen,
Brain Surgery and Abortionists
Authors: S. A. Nigro
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their article "Brain Surgery in Aggressive Epileptics" (226:765, 1973), Mark and Neville make clear the "solid" relationship of "aggressive, assaultive behavior" to "focal brain disease." They even identify the kind of violent behavior for which neurosurgery might be legitimate: "Personal violent behavior, unwarranted and usually unprovoked acts that directly attempt to, or actually do, injure or destroy another person or thing." Obvious to all, the most common candidates for such psychosurgery are abortionists.
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

TEAD4 and NeuroblastomaNeuroblastoma is a complex genetic disease that typically affects infants and young children.Rajbhandari and colleagues (1) used gene expression signatures of high-risk neuroblastomas to reveal three distinct molecular subtypes: MYCN amplification, hemizygous deletion of chromosome 11q, and mesenchymal gene signature.The first two subtypes were characterized by enrichment of proliferative programs, and the latter two showed immune and stromal infiltration.In the MYCN-amplified subtype, the TEAD4 transcription factor was identified as a novel master regulator that conferred oncogenic dependency.TEAD4 drove oncogenic transcription in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma by positively regulating MYCN transcription and protein stability.Intriguingly, MYCN also positively regulated TEAD4 transcription, thereby creating a positive feedback loop that reinforced oncogenic programs.TEAD4 silencing diminished MYCN levels, reversed the MYCN-amplified gene signature, and decreased tumorigenicity.Expert Commentary: TEAD4 dependency presents an opportunity for therapeutic intervention in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma.Although no inhibitors are currently available, the recently solved crystal structure of the TEAD4-DNA complex (2) paves the way for drug development.
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 5, 4 March 1992, Pages 298–300, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.5.298 Published: 04 March 1992
The Elements of Medical Treatment.
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal