tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>Aldh1a2</i> + fibroblastic reticular cells regulate lymphocyte recruitment in omental milky spots
Authors: Tomomi Yoshihara, Yasutaka Okabe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2023)

Lymphoid clusters in visceral adipose tissue omentum, known as milky spots, play a central role in the immunological defense in the abdomen. Milky spots exhibit hybrid nature between secondary lymph organs and ectopic lymphoid tissues, yet their development and maturation mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we identified a subset of fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) that are uniquely present in omental milky spots. These FRCs were characterized by the expression of retinoic acid–converting enzyme, Aldh1a2, and endothelial cell marker, Tie2, in addition to canonical FRC-associated genes. Diphtheria toxin–mediated ablation of Aldh1a2+ FRCs resulted in the alteration in milky spot structure with a significant reduction in size and cellularity. Mechanistically, Aldh1a2+ FRCs regulated the display of chemokine CXCL12 on high endothelial venules (HEVs), which recruit blood-borne lymphocytes from circulation. We further found that Aldh1a2+ FRCs are required for the maintenance of peritoneal lymphocyte composition. These results illustrate the homeostatic roles of FRCs in the formation of non-classical lymphoid tissues.
Discordance between semi-quantitative nucleic acid detection of bacteria and quantitative bacteriology in sputum from patients with pneumonia
Authors: Naomi J. Gadsby, James J. Dunn, Coreen L. Johnson, Taylor McQuillan, Martin P. McHugh, Kate E. Templeton, Maria C. Rodriguez-Barradas, Daniel M. Musher
Journal: Journal of Infection (2023)
Widespread epistasis among beneficial genetic variants revealed by high-throughput genome editing
Authors: Roy Moh Lik Ang, Shi-An A. Chen, Alexander F. Kern, Yihua Xie, Hunter B. Fraser
Journal: Cell Genomics (2023)

The phenotypic effect of any genetic variant can be altered by variation at other genomic loci. Known as epistasis, these genetic interactions shape the genotype-phenotype map of every species, yet their origins remain poorly understood. To investigate this, we employed high-throughput genome editing to measure the fitness effects of 1,826 naturally polymorphic variants in four strains of
Venetoclax improves CD20 immunotherapy in a mouse model of MYC/BCL2 double-expressor diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Javier Melchor, Marcos Garcia-Lacarte, Sara C. Grijalba, Adrián Arnaiz-Leché, Marién Pascual, Carlos Panizo, Oscar Blanco, Victor Segura, Francisco J. Novo, Juan Garcia Valero, Patricia Pérez-Galán, Jose A. Martinez-Climent, Sergio Roa
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2023)

Background Approximately one-third of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients exhibit co-expression of MYC and BCL2 (double-expressor lymphoma, DEL) and have a dismal prognosis. Targeted inhibition of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2 with venetoclax (ABT-199) has been approved in multiple B-cell malignancies and is currently being investigated in clinical trials for DLBCL. Whether BCL2 anti-apoptotic function represents a multifaceted vulnerability for DEL-DLBCL, affecting both lymphoma B cells and T cells within the tumor microenvironment, remains to be elucidated. Methods Here, we present novel genetically engineered mice that preclinically recapitulate DEL-DLBCL lymphomagenesis, and evaluate their sensitivity ex vivo and in vivo to the promising combination of venetoclax with anti-CD20-based standard immunotherapy. Results Venetoclax treatment demonstrated specific killing of MYC + /BCL2 + lymphoma cells by licensing their intrinsically primed apoptosis, and showed previously unrecognized immunomodulatory activity by specifically enriching antigen-activated effector CD8 T cells infiltrating the tumors. Whereas DEL-DLBCL mice were refractory to venetoclax alone, inhibition of BCL2 significantly extended overall survival of mice that were simultaneously treated with a murine surrogate for anti-CD20 rituximab. Conclusions These results suggest that the combination of anti-CD20-based immunotherapy and BCL2 inhibition leads to cooperative immunomodulatory effects and improved preclinical responses, which may offer promising therapeutic opportunities for DEL-DLBCL patients.
Can herbivores sharing the same host plant be mutualists?
Authors: Qingsong Liu, Ted C.J. Turlings, Yunhe Li
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2023)

Resource partitioning is considered to be a prerequisite for coexisting species to evolve from competition to mutualism. This is uniquely different for two major pest insects of rice. These herbivores preferentially opt to coinfest the same host plants, and through plant-mediated mechanisms, cooperatively utilize these plants in a mutualistic manner.
Biomolecular condensates: Formation mechanisms, biological functions, and therapeutic targets
Authors: Xin Niu, Lei Zhang, Yuchen Wu, Zhi Zong, Bin Wang, Jisheng Liu, Long Zhang, Fangfang Zhou
Journal: MedComm (2023)

Abstract Biomolecular condensates are cellular structures composed of membraneless assemblies comprising proteins or nucleic acids. The formation of these condensates requires components to change from a state of solubility separation from the surrounding environment by undergoing phase transition and condensation. Over the past decade, it has become widely appreciated that biomolecular condensates are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells and play a vital role in physiological and pathological processes. These condensates may provide promising targets for the clinic research. Recently, a series of pathological and physiological processes have been found associated with the dysfunction of condensates, and a range of targets and methods have been demonstrated to modulate the formation of these condensates. A more extensive description of biomolecular condensates is urgently needed for the development of novel therapies. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of biomolecular condensates and the molecular mechanisms of their formation. Moreover, we reviewed the functions of condensates and therapeutic targets for diseases. We further highlighted the available regulatory targets and methods, discussed the significance and challenges of targeting these condensates. Reviewing the latest developments in biomolecular condensate research could be essential in translating our current knowledge on the use of condensates for clinical therapeutic strategies.
Genetic and structural genome-based survey reveals the low potential for epidemiological expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 sublineage
Authors: Fabio Scarpa, Elena Imperia, Ilenia Azzena, Marta Giovanetti, Domenico Benvenuto, Chiara Locci, Marco Casu, Pier Luigi Fiori, Antonello Maruotti, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Alessandra Borsetti, Arnaldo Caruso, Roberto Cauda, Antonio Cassone, Allegra Via, Stefano Pascarella, Daria Sanna, Massimo Ciccozzi
Journal: Journal of Infection (2023)
Realistic expectations are key to realising the benefits of polygenic scores
Authors: Amit Sud, Rachel H Horton, Aroon D Hingorani, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Clare Turnbull, Richard S Houlston, Anneke Lucassen
Journal: BMJ (2023)

We must not let enthusiasm around polygenic scores allow us to forget other factors that are bigger, more modifiable, and relevant for everyone, argue <b>Amit Sud, Rachel Horton, and colleagues</b>
Non-occupational physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality outcomes: a dose–response meta-analysis of large prospective studies
Authors: Leandro Garcia, Matthew Pearce, Ali Abbas, Alexander Mok, Tessa Strain, Sara Ali, Alessio Crippa, Paddy C Dempsey, Rajna Golubic, Paul Kelly, Yvonne Laird, Eoin McNamara, Samuel Moore, Thiago Herick de Sa, Andrea D Smith, Katrien Wijndaele, James Woodcock, Soren Brage
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2023)

Objective To estimate the dose–response associations between non-occupational physical activity and several chronic disease and mortality outcomes in the general adult population. Design Systematic review and cohort-level dose-response meta-analysis. Data sources PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and reference lists of published studies. Eligibility criteria Prospective cohort studies with (1) general population samples &gt;10 000 adults, (2) ≥3 physical activity categories, and (3) risk measures and CIs for all-cause mortality or incident total cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, total cancer and site-specific cancers (head and neck, myeloid leukaemia, myeloma, gastric cardia, lung, liver, endometrium, colon, breast, bladder, rectum, oesophagus, prostate, kidney). Results 196 articles were included, covering 94 cohorts with &gt;30 million participants. The evidence base was largest for all-cause mortality (50 separate results; 163 415 543 person-years, 811 616 events), and incidence of cardiovascular disease (37 results; 28 884 209 person-years, 74 757 events) and cancer (31 results; 35 500 867 person-years, 185 870 events). In general, higher activity levels were associated with lower risk of all outcomes. Differences in risk were greater between 0 and 8.75 marginal metabolic equivalent of task-hours per week (mMET-hours/week) (equivalent to the recommended 150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic physical activity), with smaller marginal differences in risk above this level to 17.5 mMET-hours/week, beyond which additional differences were small and uncertain. Associations were stronger for all-cause (relative risk (RR) at 8.75 mMET-hours/week: 0.69, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.73) and cardiovascular disease (RR at 8.75 mMET-hours/week: 0.71, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.77) mortality than for cancer mortality (RR at 8.75 mMET-hours/week: 0.85, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.89). If all insufficiently active individuals had achieved 8.75 mMET-hours/week, 15.7% (95% CI 13.1 to 18.2) of all premature deaths would have been averted. Conclusions Inverse non-linear dose–response associations suggest substantial protection against a range of chronic disease outcomes from small increases in non-occupational physical activity in inactive adults. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018095481.
68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT Imaging of a Muscular Solitary Fibrous Tumor
Authors: Capucine Richard, Jérôme Cros, Romain-David Seban, Laurence Champion, Ségolène Hescot
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract A 73-year-old woman was referred for 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT staging of a grade 2 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, which showed the primary pancreatic tumor, liver metastases, one left pleural metastasis, and high uptake in a mass of the right triceps brachii muscle. Two years before, she underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT and 111 In-pentetreotide scan, respectively, with low and high uptake of each radiotracer in the triceps mass. Histopathological analysis revealed a solitary fibrous tumor. Immunohistochemistry showed no staining for SSTR-2 and SSTR-5, suggesting tumor overexpression of another somatostatin receptor. This case highlighted a potential pitfall on 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT.
Re: Ipsilateral Upper-Limb Lymphedema After COVID-19 Vaccine Booster
Authors: Rujittika Mungmunpuntipantip, Viroj Wiwanitkit
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

∗Private Academic Consultant, Bangkok Thailand [email protected] †University Centre for Research & Development Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh University Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared.
18F-FDOPA PET/CT of Paraganglioma in the Spermatic Cord
Authors: Anna Goujon, Gabriel Pop, Julien Hissier, Benjamin Moreau, Xavier Palard-Novello
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract A 53-year-old man with chronic kidney failure was referred to perform an 18 F-FDOPA PET/CT to characterize a mass located on the right spermatic cord. Previously, the pathological analysis of CT-guided biopsies suggested paraganglioma or metastatic lesion of pheochromocytoma. Serum normetanephrine and serum metanephrine values were respectively 2- and 1.5-fold greater than the normal upper limit, which could be explained by the chronic kidney failure. PET/CT images revealed intense 18 F-FDOPA uptake of the mass without any other pathological findings, suggesting the diagnosis of paraganglioma. Pathological examination of surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis of paraganglioma of the spermatic cord, which is exceptional.
Spinal Interneurons: Diversity and Connectivity in Motor Control
Authors: Mohini Sengupta, Martha W. Bagnall
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2023)

The spinal cord is home to the intrinsic networks for locomotion. An animal in which the spinal cord has been fully severed from the brain can still produce rhythmic, patterned locomotor movements as long as some excitatory drive is provided, such as physical, pharmacological, or electrical stimuli. Yet it remains a challenge to define the underlying circuitry that produces these movements because the spinal cord contains a wide variety of neuron classes whose patterns of interconnectivity are still poorly understood. Computational models of locomotion accordingly rely on untested assumptions about spinal neuron network element identity and connectivity. In this review, we consider the classes of spinal neurons, their interconnectivity, and the significance of their circuit connections along the long axis of the spinal cord. We suggest several lines of analysis to move toward a definitive understanding of the spinal network.
Salt‐Triggered Adaptive Dissociation Coating with Dual Effect of Antibacteria and Anti‐Multiple Encrustations in Urological Devices
Authors: Huan Yu, Hengchong Shi, Ming Zhu, Xu Zhang, Lei Wang, Gongwei Tian, Lingjie Song, Shifang Luan, Dianpeng Qi, Xiaodong Chen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Bacterial infections and multiple encrustations are life-threatening complications in patients implanted with urological devices. Limited by time-consuming procedures and substrate dependence, it is difficult to simultaneously prevent the aforementioned complications. Herein, is reported the design of a salt-triggered chondroitin sulfate complex (CS/Si-N+ ) coating with adaptive dissociation, which realizes the dual functions of antibacterial and anti-multiple encrustations in urological devices with arbitrary shapes. The existence of covalent interactions between the complex and the interface ensures the formation of a robust coating, especially in harsh environments. Benefiting from the adaptive dissociation of the ion pairs in the CS/Si-N+ coating in urine electrolytes, the exposed ion groups and enhanced hydrophilicity are more conducive to the inhibition of bacterial infection and multiple encrustations simultaneously. The coating exhibits broad-spectrum bactericidal effects. As a proof of concept, in a simulated metabolic encrustation model, the coating exhibits significant advantages in resisting calcium oxalate encrustation, with a reduction in the calcium content by over 90%. In addition, this non-leachable all-in-one coating shows good biocompatibility in a pig in vivo model. Such a coating strategy is expected to be a practical approach for preventing urological medical device-related complications.
Culturally Responsive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Ethnically Diverse Populations
Authors: Stanley J. Huey, Alayna L. Park, Chardée A. Galán, Crystal X. Wang
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2023)

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is often referred to as the "gold standard" treatment for mental health problems, given the large body of evidence supporting its efficacy. However, there are persistent questions about the generalizability of CBTs to culturally diverse populations and whether culturally sensitive approaches are warranted. In this review, we synthesize the literature on CBT for ethnic minorities, with an emphasis on randomized trials that address cultural sensitivity within the context of CBT. In general, we find that CBT is effective for ethnic minorities with diverse mental health problems, although nonsignificant trends suggest that CBT effects may be somewhat weaker for ethnic minorities compared to Whites. We find mixed support for the cultural adaptation of CBTs, but evidence for cultural sensitivity training of CBT clinicians is lacking, given a dearth of relevant trials. Based on the limited evidence thus far, we summarize three broad models for addressing cultural issues when providing CBT to diverse populations.
Endoscopy International Open – recently published
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Comment on: Outcomes of patients with hepaticojejunostomy anastomotic strictures undergoing endoscopic and percutaneous treatmentEndosc Int Open 2023; 11(01): E24-E31DOI: 10.1055/a-1952-2135 Comment on: Efficacy of the argon plasma coagulation in patients with weight regain after gastric bypass: a randomized control trialEndosc Int Open 2023; 11(01): E43-E51DOI: 10.1055/a-1971-6417 Comment on: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy for the management of gastric outlet obstruction: A large comparative study with long-term follow-upEndosc Int Open 2023; 11(01): E60-E66DOI: 10.1055/a-1976-2279
Racial, Ethnic, and Cultural Resilience Factors in African American Youth Mental Health
Authors: Enrique W. Neblett
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2023)

Racism constitutes a significant risk to the mental health of African American children, adolescents, and emerging adults. This review evaluates recent literature examining ethnic and racial identity, ethnic-racial socialization, religiosity and spirituality, and family and parenting as racial, ethnic, and cultural resilience factors that shape the impact of racism on youth mental health. Representative studies, purported mechanisms, and critiques of prior research are presented for each factor. Recent studies of racism and resilience revisit foundational resilience factors from prior research while reflecting new and important advances (e.g., consideration of gender, cultural context, structural racism), providing important insights for the development of prevention and intervention efforts and policy that can alleviate mental health suffering and promote health and mental health equity for African American youth.
Clinical implications of molecular drug resistance testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a 2023 TBnet/RESIST-TB consensus statement
Authors: José Domínguez, Martin J Boeree, Emmanuelle Cambau, Dumitru Chesov, Francesca Conradie, Vivian Cox, Keertan Dheda, Andrii Dudnyk, Maha R Farhat, Sebastien Gagneux, Martin P Grobusch, Matthias I Gröschel, Lorenzo Guglielmetti, Irina Kontsevaya, Berit Lange, Frank van Leth, Christian Lienhardt, Anna M Mandalakas, Florian P Maurer, Matthias Merker, Paolo Miotto, Barbara Molina-Moya, Florence Morel, Stefan Niemann, Nicolas Veziris, Andrew Whitelaw, Charles R Horsburgh, Christoph Lange, Jose Domínguez, Martin J. Boeree, Emmanuelle Cambau, Dumitru Chesov, Francesca Conradie, Vivian Cox, Keertan Dheda, Andrii Dudnyk, Maha R. Farhat, Sebastien Gagneux, Martin P. Grobusch, Matthias I. Gröschel, Lorenzo Guglielmetti, Irina Kontsevaya, Berit Lange, Frank van Leth, Christian Lienhardt, Anna Maria Mandalakas, Florian Maurer, Matthias Merker, Paolo Miotto, Barbara Molina-Moya, Florence Morel, Stefan Niemann, Nicolas Veziris, Andrew Whitelaw, Charles Robert Horsburgh, Christoph Lange
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2023)
Neural Plasticity in Sensorimotor Brain–Machine Interfaces
Authors: Maria C. Dadarlat, Ryan A. Canfield, Amy L. Orsborn
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2023)

Brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) aim to treat sensorimotor neurological disorders by creating artificial motor and/or sensory pathways. Introducing artificial pathways creates new relationships between sensory input and motor output, which the brain must learn to gain dexterous control. This review highlights the role of learning in BMIs to restore movement and sensation, and discusses how BMI design may influence neural plasticity and performance. The close integration of plasticity in sensory and motor function influences the design of both artificial pathways and will be an essential consideration for bidirectional devices that restore both sensory and motor function.
Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Three Large Prospective U.S. Cohort Studies
Authors: Zhangling Chen, Neha Khandpur, Clémence Desjardins, Lu Wang, Carlos A. Monteiro, Sinara L. Rossato, Teresa T. Fung, JoAnn E. Manson, Walter C. Willett, Eric B. Rimm, Frank B. Hu, Qi Sun, Jean-Philippe Drouin-Chartier
Journal: Diabetes Care (2023)

OBJECTIVE We examined the relationship between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk among 3 large U.S. cohorts, conducted a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies, and assessed meta-evidence quality. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We included 71,871 women from the Nurses’ Health Study, 87,918 women from the Nurses’ Health Study II, and 38,847 men from the Health Professional Follow-Up Study. Diet was assessed using food frequency questionnaires and UPF was categorized per the NOVA classification. Associations of total and subgroups of UPF with T2D were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. We subsequently conducted a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies on total UPF and T2D risk, and assessed meta-evidence quality using the NutriGrade scoring system. RESULTS Among the U.S. cohorts (5,187,678 person-years; n = 19,503 T2D cases), the hazard ratio for T2D comparing extreme quintiles of total UPF intake (percentage of grams per day) was 1.46 (95% CI 1.39–1.54). Among subgroups, refined breads; sauces, spreads, and condiments; artificially and sugar-sweetened beverages; animal-based products; and ready-to-eat mixed dishes were associated with higher T2D risk. Cereals; dark and whole-grain breads; packaged sweet and savory snacks; fruit-based products; and yogurt and dairy-based desserts were associated with lower T2D risk. In the meta-analysis (n = 415,554 participants; n = 21,932 T2D cases), each 10% increment in total UPF was associated with a 12% (95% CI 10%–13%) higher risk. Per NutriGrade, high-quality evidence supports this relationship. CONCLUSIONS High-quality meta-evidence shows that total UPF consumption is associated with higher T2D risk. However, some UPF subgroups were associated with lower risk in the U.S. cohorts.
Noninvasive Monitoring to Detect Dehydration: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Martha Gray, Judith S. Birkenfeld, Ian Butterworth
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2023)

The need for hydration monitoring is significant, especially for the very young and elderly populations who are more vulnerable to becoming dehydrated and suffering from the effects that dehydration brings. This need has been among the drivers of considerable effort in the academic and commercial sectors to provide a means for monitoring hydration status, with a special interest in doing so outside the hospital or clinical setting. This review of emerging technologies provides an overview of many technology approaches that, on a theoretical basis, have sensitivity to water and are feasible as a routine measurement. We review the evidence of technical validation and of their use in humans. Finally, we highlight the essential need for these technologies to be rigorously evaluated for their diagnostic potential, as a necessary step to meet the need for hydration monitoring outside of the clinical environment.