tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oviductal Glycoprotein 1 Promotes Hypertension by Inducing Vascular Remodeling Through an Interaction With MYH9
Authors: Congxia Bai, Ming Su, Yaohua Zhang, Yahui Lin, Yingying Sun, Li Song, Ning Xiao, Haochen Xu, Hongyan Wen, Meng Zhang, Jiedan Ping, Jing Liu, Rutai Hui, Hao Li, Jingzhou Chen
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Hypertension is a common cardiovascular disease that is related to genetic and environmental factors, but its mechanisms remain unclear. DNA methylation, a classic epigenetic modification, not only regulates gene expression but is also susceptible to environmental factors, linking environmental factors to genetic modification. Therefore, globally screening differential genomic DNA methylation in patients with hypertension is important for investigating hypertension mechanisms. Differential genomic DNA methylation in patients with hypertension, individuals with prehypertension, and healthy control individuals was screened using Illumina 450K BeadChip and verified by pyrosequencing. Plasma OVGP1 (oviduct glycoprotein 1) levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ovgp1 transgenic and knockout mice were generated to analyze the function of OVGP1. The blood pressure levels of the mouse models were measured using the tail-cuff system and radiotelemetry methods. The role of OVGP1 in vascular remodeling was determined by vascular relaxation studies. Protein-protein interactions were investigated using a pull-down/mass spectrometry assay and verified with coimmunoprecipitation and pull-down assays. We found a hypomethylated site at cg20823859 in the promoter region of OVGP1 and plasma OVGP1 levels were significantly increased in patients with hypertension. This finding indicates that OVGP1 is associated with hypertension. In Ovgp1 transgenic mice, OVGP1 overexpression caused an increase in blood pressure, dysfunctional vasoconstriction and vasodilation, remodeling of arterial walls, and increased vascular superoxide stress and inflammation, and these phenomena were exacerbated by angiotensin II infusion. In contrast, OVGP1 deficiency attenuated angiotensin II-induced vascular oxidase stress, inflammation, and collagen deposition. These findings indicate that OVGP1 is a prohypertensive factor that directly promotes vascular remodeling. Pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that MYH9 (nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA) interacted with OVGP1, whereas inhibition of MYH9 attenuated OVGP1-induced hypertension and vascular remodeling. Hypomethylation at cg20823859 in the promoter region of OVGP1 is associated with hypertension and induces upregulation of OVGP1. The interaction between OVGP1 and MYH9 contributes to vascular remodeling and dysfunction. Therefore, OVGP1 is a prohypertensive factor that promotes vascular remodeling by binding with MYH9.
Electrical Stimulation for Wound Healing: Opportunities for E-Textiles
Authors: Tom Greig, Russel Torah, Kai Yang
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2022)

Ulcers and chronic wounds are a large and expensive problem, costing billions of pounds a year and affecting millions of people. Electrical stimulation has been known to have a positive effect on wound healing since the 1960s and this has been confirmed in numerous studies, reducing the time to heal, and the incidence of adverse events such as infections. However, because each study used different parameters for the treatment, inclusion criteria and metrics for quantifying the success, it is currently hard to combine them statistically and gain a true picture of its efficacy. As such, electrical stimulation has not been universally adopted as a recommended treatment for various types of wound. This paper summarises the biological basis for electrical simulation treatment and reviews the clinical evidence for its effectiveness. Notable is the lack of research focused on the electrodes used to deliver electrostimulation treatment. However, a significant amount of work has been conducted on electrodes for other medical applications in the field of e-textiles. This e-textile work is reviewed with a focus on its potential in electrostimulation and proposals are made for future developments to improve future studies and applications for wound healing via electrical stimulation.
Quantitative and Qualitative Changes in Peripheral Chemoreceptor Activity in Preterm Infants
Authors: Daniel M. Mammel, John L. Carroll, Barbara B. Warner, Bradley A. Edwards, Dwayne L. Mann, Michael J. Wallendorf, Julie A. Hoffmann, Cameron M. Conklin, Harley Pyles, James S. Kemp
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

Rationale: Preterm infants are at risk for ventilatory control instability that may be due to aberrant peripheral chemoreceptor activity. Although term infants have increasing peripheral chemoreceptor contribution to overall ventilatory drive with increasing postnatal age, how peripheral chemoreceptor contribution changes in preterm infants with increasing postmenstrual age is not known. Objectives: To evaluate peripheral chemoreceptor activity between 32 and 52 weeks postmenstrual age in preterm infants, using both quantitative and qualitative measures. Methods: Fifty-five infants born between 24 weeks, 0 days gestation and 28 weeks, 6 days gestation underwent hyperoxic testing at one to four time points between 32 and 52 weeks postmenstrual age. Quantitative [Formula: see text] decreases were calculated, and qualitative responses were categorized as apnea, continued breathing with a clear reduction in [Formula: see text], sigh breaths, and no response. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 280 hyperoxic tests were analyzed (2.2 ± 0.3 tests per infant at each time point). Mean peripheral chemoreceptor contribution to ventilatory drive was 85.2 ± 20.0% at 32 weeks and 64.1 ± 22.0% at 52 weeks. Apneic responses were more frequent at earlier postmenstrual ages. Conclusions: Among preterm infants, the peripheral chemoreceptor contribution to ventilatory drive was greater at earlier postmenstrual ages. Apnea was a frequent response to hyperoxic testing at earlier postmenstrual ages, suggesting high peripheral chemoreceptor activity. A clearer description of how peripheral chemoreceptor activity changes over time in preterm infants may help explain how ventilatory control instability contributes to apnea and sleep-disordered breathing later in childhood. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03464396).
Natural Language Processing for Smart Healthcare
Authors: Binggui Zhou, Guanghua Yang, Zheng Shi, Shaodan Ma
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2022)

Smart healthcare has achieved significant progress in recent years. Emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies enable various smart applications across various healthcare scenarios. As an essential technology powered by AI, natural language processing (NLP) plays a key role in smart healthcare due to its capability of analysing and understanding human language. In this work, we review existing studies that concern NLP for smart healthcare from the perspectives of technique and application. We first elaborate on different NLP approaches and the NLP pipeline for smart healthcare from the technical point of view. Then, in the context of smart healthcare applications employing NLP techniques, we introduce representative smart healthcare scenarios, including clinical practice, hospital management, personal care, public health, and drug development. We further discuss two specific medical issues, i.e., the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and mental health, in which NLP-driven smart healthcare plays an important role. Finally, we discuss the limitations of current works and identify the directions for future works.
Demographic and Selection Histories of Populations Across the Sahel/Savannah Belt
Authors: Cesar Fortes-Lima, Petr Tříska, Martina Čížková, Eliška Podgorná, Mame Yoro Diallo, Carina M Schlebusch, Viktor Černý
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2022)

Abstract The Sahel/Savannah belt harbors diverse populations with different demographic histories and different subsistence patterns. However, populations from this large African region are notably under-represented in genomic research. To investigate the population structure and adaptation history of populations from the Sahel/Savannah space, we generated dense genome-wide genotype data of 327 individuals—comprising 14 ethnolinguistic groups, including 10 previously unsampled populations. Our results highlight fine-scale population structure and complex patterns of admixture, particularly in Fulani groups and Arabic-speaking populations. Among all studied Sahelian populations, only the Rashaayda Arabic-speaking population from eastern Sudan shows a lack of gene flow from African groups, which is consistent with the short history of this population in the African continent. They are recent migrants from Saudi Arabia with evidence of strong genetic isolation during the last few generations and a strong demographic bottleneck. This population also presents a strong selection signal in a genomic region around the CNR1 gene associated with substance dependence and chronic stress. In Western Sahelian populations, signatures of selection were detected in several other genetic regions, including pathways associated with lactase persistence, immune response, and malaria resistance. Taken together, these findings refine our current knowledge of genetic diversity, population structure, migration, admixture and adaptation of human populations in the Sahel/Savannah belt and contribute to our understanding of human history and health.
Abstract 2615: Multiple Accessory Pathways in Pediatric Patients with Structural Heart Disease
Authors: Justin P Zachariah, John K Triedman, Charles I Berul, Frank Cecchin, Mark E Alexander, Tarun Mahajan, Edward P Walsh
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Pts with structural heart disease (SHD) such as Ebstein’s and certain cardiomyopathies often have multiple accessory pathways (AP’s) at mapping procedures. The goals of this study were to determine the incidence of multiple AP’s (multAP) in a large pediatric cohort undergoing electrophysiology study, contrasting pts with and without SHD, and to measure the influence of multAP on ablation outcomes. Methods: Data from all patients (n=1089) undergoing catheter mapping and/or ablation for AP’s at Children’s Hospital Boston from 1990 through 2006 were reviewed. The AP locations were divided into segments along the septum(S), tricuspid(TV) and mitral (MV) valves. The presence of multAP was defined as two or more APs with distinct conduction characteristics mapped at least 1 cm apart. Acute ablation success was defined as elimination of all AP conduction. Recurrence was defined as return of conduction in any one or more AP’s. A total of 1229 APs (36% concealed AP) were mapped in 1089 patients (aged 12.9 ± 4yrs) with locations along TV in 18%, S in 39%, and MV in 43%. Ablation attempts (n=1306) were successful in 94% overall (92% TV, 92% S, and 97% MV), with 8% recurrence rate. A subgroup of 111 pts (10%) had multAP, involving 250 distinct APs. MultAP were significantly more common (p&lt;0.001) among SHD pts (25%) than those without SHD (8%). Ebstein’s, AV discordance, and cardiomyopathy accounted for 28/30 (93%) of SHD pts with multAP. Ebstein’s(OR 8.7,p&lt;0.001) and myopathic pts(OR13.3, p&lt;0.001) were more likely to have multAP. AP locations in SHD pts shifted toward TV, driven by Ebstein’s pts. Acute ablation success did not differ between multAP and a solitary AP (91% vs. 94%, p= n.s.), though recurrence rate was higher for multAP (19% vs. 8%, p&lt;0.001). Acute success was lower in SHD compared to those without SHD (85% vs. 95%, p&lt;0.01), and recurrence was higher (17% vs. 8%, p&lt;0.05). MultAP can be found in 10% of pediatric patients, and are far more common in SHD compared to those with normal hearts. Both the presence of multAP and SHD can negatively influence ablation outcomes.
Clotrimazole Troches vs Oral Nystatin for Oropharyngeal Candidiasis
Authors: Klaus D. Hoffmann
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —As a medical oncologist in frequent need of treating symptomatic oral candidiasis, I read with astonishment the article by Gombert et al<sup>1</sup>entitled "A Comparative Trial of Clotrimazole Troches and Oral Nystatin Suspension in Recipients of Renal Transplants: Use in Prophylaxis of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis." Other dosage recommendations notwithstanding, I have for the past 12 years successfully treated patients with 1 mL of nystatin (100 000 U/mL) three times a day after meals to "swish and swallow." The great majority of patients achieve clearing of the candidiasis and I know of no evidence indicating that more frequent applications or larger doses are necessary or more effective, not to speak of outrageous amounts like 15 mL. The latter is analogous to the gustatory punishment an adult is subjected to when receiving appropriate doses of oral penicillin in the form of cherry-flavored pediatric syrup. The cost implications are also obvious:
Subchronic Cigarette Smoke Inhalation Studies in Inbred Syrian Golden Hamsters That Develop Laryngeal Carcinoma Upon Chronic Exposure&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Inbred BIO® 15.16 Syrian golden hamsters were exposed for 6–20 weeks to smoke from three types of experimental cigarettes. The incidence and severity of laryngeal hyperplasia increased in these hamsters, a few (2) laryngeal papillomas appeared, alveolar macrophages became more frequent and aggregated, and hyperplasia of terminal bronchiolar epithelium occurred. This subchronic response of hamsters to smoke markedly differed for the three types of cigarettes. Statistical evaluation of the data by log linear models proved these differences to be significant. At equal doses of smoke, the most severe response was caused by an all-tobacco cigarette. The weakest subchronic effects, next to those seen in the negative control group, were elicited by smoke from a cellulose-derived tobacco supplement. The effects of smoke from a 1:1 blend of the two smoking materials were intermediate. The severity of the subchronic response of the respiratory tract paralleled the extent of malignant transformations of the larynx previously observed in the same animal model with the same three types of cigarettes in chronic inhalation studies.
Lewis and Clark
Authors: Frank L. Iber
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tumors of the Skin: Benign and Malignant
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Carcinogen-Induced Tumors of the Thymus. I. Restoration of Neonatally Thymectomized Mice With a Functional Thymoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Osias Stutman, Edmond J. Yunis, Robert A. Good
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

Direct intrathymic application of 0.1 mg of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene into newborn mice induced a variety of thymic tumors both lymphoid and nonlymphoid. A nonlymphoid thymoma of strain A origin showed biological activity when grafted into neonatally thymectomized syngeneic or allogeneic mice. Tumor grafts prevented early mortality, induced immunological restoration (measured as allograft immunity and graft-versus-host reactivity), and produced variable degrees of lymphoid recuperation. Immunological recuperation could occur in absence of complete morphological recovery of the lymphoid tissues. Biological function was lost after repeated transplantation of the strain A thymoma. The capacity to induce restoration was specific for the functional thymoma, since other thymic and nonthymic tumors proved ineffective. Discriminant graft-versus-host analysis in the allogeneic combination indicated that all demonstrable immunocompetent cells in the spleen of animals restored by the thymic tumor were of host origin. No cells of donor origin could be detected with this test. Tolerance to the thymoma was observed in allogeneic combinations which varied according to the age at grafting of the tumor. Acceptance of the strain A thymoma induced some degree of tolerance to strain A skin. Restoration of immunological capacities by the functional thymoma seemed to require only a relatively limited period of function. Lymphoid elements within the thymoma were observed in the syngeneic combination. These cells seemed most likely to reflect an immunological reaction elicited by the antigenicity of the chemically induced tumor.
Privacy Beliefs and the Violent Family
Authors: Nancy S. Jecker
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Privacy beliefs associated with the family impede physicians' response to domestic violence. As a private sphere, the family is regarded as sacred, separate, and hidden from public view. Hence, physicians who look for or uncover violence in the family risk defiling a sacred object and violating norms of noninterference. Privacy beliefs also obfuscate the ethical analysis of physicians' duties to intercede on behalf of battered patients. Ethical principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence have been invoked to justify physicians' duties to abused patients; however, the principle of justice has not been invoked. Ethical analysis of physicians' duties in this area must be broadened to include the principle of justice. Justice is at stake because establishing conditions favorable to self-respect is a requirement of justice, and the response physicians make to battered patients carries important ramifications for supporting patients' self-respect and dignity. If justice forms part of the ethical foundation for physician intervention in domestic violence, mandatory steps that do not transgress the confidentiality of the physician-patient relationship or infringe the patient's autonomy should be taken, such as requiring domestic violence training in medical education and following treatment plans and protocols to identify abuse and provide assistance to battered patients. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:776-780)
What can we learn from rapidly developed patient decision aids produced during the covid-19 pandemic?
Authors: Michael J Barry, Martin Härter, Mowafa Househ, Karina Dahl Steffensen, Dawn Stacey
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Supporting people to make decisions during the covid-19 pandemic created new opportunities for shared decision making and rapid development of patient decision aids, say <b>Michael Barry and colleagues</b>
Global environmental climate change, covid-19, and conflict threaten food security and nutrition
Authors: Sheryl L Hendriks, Hugh Montgomery, Tim Benton, Ousmane Badiane, Gonzalo Castro de la Mata, Jessica Fanzo, Ramon R Guinto, Jean-François Soussana
Journal: BMJ (2022)

The MCM2-7 (minichromosome maintenance) protein complex is a DNA unwinding motor required for the eukaryotic genome duplication<sup>1</sup>. Although a huge excess of MCM2-7 is loaded onto chromatin in G1 phase to form pre-replication complexes (pre-RCs), only 5-10 percent are converted into a productive CDC45-MCM-GINS (CMG) helicase in S phase – a perplexing phenomenon often referred to as the ‘MCM paradox’<sup>2</sup>. Remaining pre-RCs stay dormant but can be activated under replication stress (RS)<sup>3</sup>. Remarkably, even a mild reduction in MCM pool results in genome instability<sup>4, 5</sup>, underscoring the critical requirement for high-level MCM maintenance to safeguard genome integrity across generations of dividing cells. How this is achieved remains unknown. Here, we show that for daughter cells to sustain error-free DNA replication, their mothers build up a stable nuclear pool of MCMs both by recycling of chromatin-bound MCMs (referred to as parental pool) and synthesizing new MCMs (referred to as nascent pool). We find that MCMBP, a distant MCM paralog<sup>6</sup>, ensures the influx of nascent MCMs to the declining recycled pool, and thereby sustains critical levels of MCMs. MCMBP promotes nuclear translocation of nascent MCM3-7 (but not MCM2), which averts accelerated MCM proteolysis in the cytoplasm, and thereby fosters assembly of licensing-competent nascent MCM2-7 units. Consequently, lack of MCMBP leads to reduction of nascent MCM3-7 subunits in mother cells, which translates to poor MCM inheritance and grossly reduced pre-RCs formation in daughter cells. Unexpectedly, whereas the pre-RC paucity caused by MCMBP deficiency does not alter the overall bulk DNA synthesis, it escalates the speed and asymmetry of individual replisomes. This in turn increases endogenous replication stress and renders cells hypersensitive to replication perturbations. Thus, we propose that surplus of MCMs is required to safeguard replicating genomes by modulating physiological dynamics of fork progression through chromatin marked by licensed but inactive MCM2-7 complexes.