tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Life events and breast cancer prognosis.
Authors: J. Barraclough, P. Pinder, M. Cruddas, C. Osmond, I. Taylor, M. Perry
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether psychosocial stress, in the form of adverse life events and social difficulties, depressive illness, or lack of confiding relationships, shortens the postoperative disease free interval in breast cancer patients. DESIGN--Prospective follow up of a cohort of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients for 42 months after primary surgical treatment, using a life events and social difficulties schedule (LEDS) and assessment of depressive symptomatology (DSM-III). SETTING--Patients recruited from breast clinics in Southampton and Portsmouth were interviewed in their homes. PATIENTS--204 women (83% of 246 consecutive cases) treated either by mastectomy or wide excision followed by radiotherapy interviewed four, 24, and 42 months after operation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Hazard ratios for relapse of breast cancer in relation to various measures of psychosocial stress. Relapse was defined as local recurrence or distant metastasis, or both, with histological or radiological confirmation and timed from the month when clinical symptoms began. RESULTS--After adjustment for age and axillary lymph node involvement, the hazard ratio associated with severe life events or social difficulties (excluding "own health" ones), or both, during the year before breast cancer surgery was 0.43 (95% confidence interval 0.20 to 0.93); for those during the follow up period it was 0.88 (0.48 to 1.64). For prolonged major depression before surgery and during the follow up period, hazard ratios were 1.26 (0.49 to 3.26) and 0.85 (0.41 to 1.79) respectively. For absence of a full confidant the figures were 0.93 (0.42 to 2.09) and 0.86 (0.38 to 1.93). CONCLUSION--These results give no support to the theory that psychosocial stress contributes to relapse of breast cancer.
Ulcerative Colitis and Steroid-Responsive, Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Dominic J. Balestra
Journal: JAMA (1988)

We describe a patient with ulcerative colitis and extracolonic manifestations in whom diffuse interstitial pulmonary disease developed that was responsive to glucocorticoid therapy one year after total proctocolectomy. The patient presented in December 1983 with a subacute course marked by cough and progressive exertional dyspnea, abnormal chest examination results, and a chest roentgenogram that revealed diffuse interstitial and alveolar infiltrates. A transbronchial biopsy specimen revealed a polymorphic interstitial infiltrate, mild interstitial fibrosis without apparent intraluminal fibrosis, and no vasculitis, granulomas, or significant eosinophilic infiltration. Within one week of the initiation of daily high-dose steroid therapy, the patient's symptoms dramatically improved; chest roentgenogram and forced vital capacity (60%) improved at a slower rate. All three measures deteriorated when alternate-day prednisone therapy was started but once again improved until the patient was totally asymptomatic, chest roentgenograms were normal, and forced vital capacity was 80% of the predicted value 2 1/2 years later. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:62-64)
The Effect of Thioridazine Hydrochloride and Chlorpromazine on the Electrocardiogram
Authors: John R. Huston
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Approximately one half of the electrocardiograms of 106 hospitalized psychiatric patients showed the characteristic T-wave changes ascribed to thioridazine hydrochloride. These were more frequent in the female patients and were not related to aging or to the psychiatric diagnosis. Repeat ECGs three months later in 68 of these patients excluded a time-dosage effect and demonstrated some fluctuation of the appearance of the T wave during constant dosage. The U wave does not account for the notched T wave. The survey suggested that the average duration of repolarization varied directly with the degree of morphologic change but further study of 18 patients disclosed that the effect of thioridazine or chlorpromazine on the T wave is distinct from their effect on the duration of repolarization. The study shows that the electrocardiographic changes are benign.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Rib Fractures in Infants
Authors: Melissa R. Spevak
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the incidence of rib fractures visible at autopsy or with postmortem radiographs after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in infants younger than 1 year. <h3>Design.</h3> —Retrospective review. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Medical examiner's office in a county consisting of a medium-sized city, towns, and rural areas. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Ninety-one infants (56 males, 35 females; mean age, 2.4 months; age range, 26 hours to 8.5 months) without evidence of child abuse who had undergone CPR before death. <h3>Methods.</h3> —Medical records, skeletal surveys, and autopsy results were reviewed. <h3>Results.</h3> —No patient had rib fractures. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is unlikely to cause rib fractures in infants. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:617-618)
History of Visible Rectal Bleeding in a Primary Care Population
Authors: Mark Helfand
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine whether a complaint of visible rectal bleeding that is elicited by a screening review of systems merits investigation and to assess the accuracy of a defined protocol to evaluate bleeding. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective cohort study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Primary care clinics in a veterans medical center. <h3>Patients.</h3> —We used an 8-item review of systems to identify 297 individuals with visible rectal bleeding; 201 (68%) of these individuals completed a specified protocol consisting of double-contrast barium enema (DCBE) examination, rigid sigmoidoscopy, and follow-up visit after 6 to 12 months. Ten years later we verified the diagnosis in 131 (93%) of 141 patients whose initial evaluation suggested no cause, or a benign anorectal cause, of bleeding. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Final diagnoses after 2 and 10 years; sensitivity and specificity of symptoms, DCBE, and rigid sigmoidoscopy. <h3>Results.</h3> —We diagnosed serious disease in 48 (24%) of the 201 patients; 26 had polyps, 9 had inflammatory bowel disease, and 13 (6.5%) had colon cancer. Symptoms did not predict the diagnosis. Neither DCBE nor rigid sigmoidoscopy alone was sufficiently sensitive to be used alone, but the combination of DCBE and rigid sigmoidoscopy had a sensitivity of 0.96 and a specificity of 0.76 for the diagnosis of polyps, cancer, or inflammatory bowel disease. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Self-reported rectal bleeding detected by means of a review of systems was associated with a high likelihood of important pathology. Physicians should ask all adults about visible rectal bleeding and should visualize the entire colon in those who report bleeding.
Cross-Specialty Linkage of Resource-Based Relative Value Scales
Authors: Peter Braun
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This article describes methods used to combine into a common scale resource-based relative values from separate specialties. The key to producing a common scale is identifying pairs ("links") of services from different specialties that require approximately equal amounts of intraservice work. We distinguished two kinds of pairs of link services, those judged to be the same and those judged to be equivalent, usually within a narrow category of medical activity. Working with a cross-specialty panel of physicians and with data on time factors from a national survey, we selected sufficient links to connect each specialty to others by at least four links. We then used the weighted least-squares method to locate all the links optimally on a single, common scale. Analyses of the accuracy of this scale showed that the typical disagreement between specialties about where to locate the intraservice work of a given service was only 7%. Other analyses showed that the accuracy of the common scale was not sensitive to different zzclasses of links. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:2390-2396)
Randomised, double blind comparison of omeprazole and cimetidine in the treatment of symptomatic gastric ulcer.
Authors: C M Bate, S P Wilkinson, G V Bradby, M C Bateson, W S Hislop, J P Crowe, C P Willoughby, E M Peers, P D Richardson
Journal: Gut (1989)

In a randomised, double blind, parallel group study in patients with symptomatic gastric ulcer (94% greater than or equal to 5 mm diameter), 102 received omeprazole 20 mg om and 87 cimetidine 400 mg bd. After four weeks 73% and 58% (p less than 0.05) respectively had healed (eight weeks: 84% and 75%, ns). After four weeks, a greater proportion (81%) of omeprazole treated patients was symptom free than of those receiving cimetidine (60%; p less than 0.01). Over the first two weeks, patients receiving omeprazole had less day pain, less night pain and took fewer antacids than those receiving cimetidine (all p less than 0.05). The difference between omeprazole and cimetidine was not appreciably affected by age, smoking, size of the ulcer and trial centre. Tolerability was similar in the two treatment groups. In the treatment of symptomatic gastric ulcer, omeprazole relieves the symptoms more quickly than cimetidine and heals a greater proportion of ulcers within four weeks.
HaploBlocks: Efficient Detection of Positive Selection in Large Population Genomic Datasets
Authors: Benedikt Kirsch-Gerweck, Leonard Bohnenkämper, Michel T Henrichs, Jarno N Alanko, Hideo Bannai, Bastien Cazaux, Pierre Peterlongo, Joachim Burger, Jens Stoye, Yoan Diekmann
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2023)

Genomic regions under positive selection harbor variation linked for example to adaptation. Most tools for detecting positively selected variants have computational resource requirements rendering them impractical on population genomic datasets with hundreds of thousands of individuals or more. We have developed and implemented an efficient haplotype-based approach able to scan large datasets and accurately detect positive selection. We achieve this by combining a pattern matching approach based on the positional Burrows-Wheeler transform with model-based inference which only requires the evaluation of closed-form expressions. We evaluate our approach with simulations, and find it to be both sensitive and specific. The computational resource requirements quantified using UK Biobank data indicate that our implementation is scalable to population genomic datasets with millions of individuals. Our approach may serve as an algorithmic blueprint for the era of "big data" genomics: a combinatorial core coupled with statistical inference in closed form.
Horizontal Gene Transfer, Fitness Costs and Mobility Shape the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance Genes into Experimental Populations of<i>Acinetobacter Baylyi</i>
Authors: Aysha L Sezmis, Laura C Woods, Anton Y Peleg, Michael J McDonald
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2023)

Abstract Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is important for microbial evolution, but how evolutionary forces shape the frequencies of horizontally transferred genetic variants in the absence of strong selection remains an open question. In this study, we evolve laboratory populations of Acinetobacter baylyi (ADP1) with HGT from two clinically relevant strains of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (AB5075 and A9844). We find that DNA can cross the species barrier, even without strong selection, and despite substantial DNA sequence divergence between the two species. Our results confirm previous findings that HGT can drive the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) without selection for that antibiotic, but not for all of the resistance genes present in the donor genome. We quantify the costs and benefits of horizontally transferred variants and use whole population sequencing to track the spread of ARGs from HGT donors into antibiotic-sensitive recipients. We find that even though most ARGs are taken up by populations of A. baylyi, the long-term fate of an individual gene depends both on its fitness cost and on the type of genetic element that carries the gene. Interestingly, we also found that an integron, but not its host plasmid, is able to spread in A. baylyi populations despite its strong deleterious effect. Altogether, our results show how HGT provides an evolutionary advantage to evolving populations by facilitating the spread of non-selected genetic variation including costly ARGs.
Cell Survival Enabled by Leakage of a Labile Metabolic Intermediate
Authors: Encarnación Medina-Carmona, Luis I Gutierrez-Rus, Fadia Manssour-Triedo, Matilda S Newton, Gloria Gamiz-Arco, Antonio J Mota, Pablo Reiné, Juan Manuel Cuerva, Mariano Ortega-Muñoz, Eduardo Andrés-León, Jose Luis Ortega-Roldan, Burckhard Seelig, Beatriz Ibarra-Molero, Jose M Sanchez-Ruiz
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2023)

Abstract Many metabolites are generated in one step of a biochemical pathway and consumed in a subsequent step. Such metabolic intermediates are often reactive molecules which, if allowed to freely diffuse in the intracellular milieu, could lead to undesirable side reactions and even become toxic to the cell. Therefore, metabolic intermediates are often protected as protein-bound species and directly transferred between enzyme active sites in multi-functional enzymes, multi-enzyme complexes, and metabolons. Sequestration of reactive metabolic intermediates thus contributes to metabolic efficiency. It is not known, however, whether this evolutionary adaptation can be relaxed in response to challenges to organismal survival. Here, we report evolutionary repair experiments on Escherichia coli cells in which an enzyme crucial for the biosynthesis of proline has been deleted. The deletion makes cells unable to grow in a culture medium lacking proline. Remarkably, however, cell growth is efficiently restored by many single mutations (12 at least) in the gene of glutamine synthetase. The mutations cause the leakage to the intracellular milieu of a highly reactive phosphorylated intermediate common to the biosynthetic pathways of glutamine and proline. This intermediate is generally assumed to exist only as a protein-bound species. Nevertheless, its diffusion upon mutation-induced leakage enables a new route to proline biosynthesis. Our results support that leakage of sequestered metabolic intermediates can readily occur and contribute to organismal adaptation in some scenarios. Enhanced availability of reactive molecules may enable the generation of new biochemical pathways and the potential of mutation-induced leakage in metabolic engineering is noted.
More Primary Care Visits Address Mental Health
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Performance of a Prediction Model of Suicide Attempts Across Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Santiago Papini, Honor Hsin, Patricia Kipnis, Vincent X. Liu, Yun Lu, Stacy A. Sterling, Esti Iturralde
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2023)

This study examines whether race disparities exist in the prediction of suicide attempts and if have they have detrimental effects on individuals and health care systems.
Long-term Outcomes of Parastomal Hernia Repair—The Defect in Knowledge (and Abdominal Wall) Remains
Authors: Sowmya Narayanan, Matthew D. Neal, Brian Zuckerbraun
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Disability, Caregiving, and the Search for Equity in Transplant
Authors: Melissa E. Chen, Alexander H. Toledo
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Robotic General Surgery Trends in the Veterans Health Administration, Community Practice, and Academic Centers From 2013 to 2021
Authors: John Mills, Cara Liebert, Sherry M. Wren, Janey S. A. Pratt, Michelle Earley, Dan Eisenberg
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

This cross-sectional study compares trends in use of robotic surgery for general surgical procedures among the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), community practice, and academic health centers from 2013 to 2021.
WHO Revises List of Stockpiled Drugs for Nuclear Emergencies
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Meta-analysis: Vitamin D Therapy Reduced Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

People with prediabetes who received vitamin D therapy had a 15% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes in adjusted analyses, with an absolute risk reduction of 3.3% over 3 years, according to a meta-analysis of 3 randomized placebo-controlled trials involving 4190 participants.
Association of Post–COVID-19 Condition Symptoms and Employment Status
Authors: Roy H. Perlis, Kristin Lunz Trujillo, Alauna Safarpour, Mauricio Santillana, Katherine Ognyanova, James Druckman, David Lazer
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Little is known about the functional correlates of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC), also known as long COVID, particularly the relevance of neurocognitive symptoms.