tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PWE-009 Dietary docosahexaenoic acid is inversely associated with the risk of developing oesophageal adenocarcinoma: a UK prospective study in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort, using information from 7-day food diaries
Authors: L Alexandre, M Yates, R Luben, E Cheong, L Igali, R Fitzgerald, K-T Khaw, A Hart
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentanaenoic acid (EPA) are both n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3 PUFAs) which have both anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic actions, including inhibiting angiogenesis and tumour cell proliferation, and promoting apoptosis. The aim of this study was to conduct the first epidemiological investigation to determine if there is an inverse association between DHA and EPA intake and the risk of developing both Barrett9s oesophagus (BO) and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). <h3>Methods</h3> A total of 25 639 men and women aged 40–75 years, were recruited between the years 1993 and 1997 into the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk cohort Study. At baseline, participants completed detailed 7-day food diaries which were then coded by nutritionists. Subjects were then followed-up over subsequent years for the development of BO and OAC. A review of case notes confirmed these diagnoses. Dietary intake of n3 PUFAs were compared between cases and a random sample of 3 797 controls in a case-cohort analysis. Intakes were divided into quintiles and both biological gradients and threshold effects were calculated. Cox regression estimated the HR for both DHA and EPA, adjusted for age, gender, BMI, smoking, alcohol, and arachidonic acid intake. <h3>Results</h3> During follow-up, 104 patients were diagnosed with BO (80% men, median age 67.0 yrs [IQR 61.1–73.1] at diagnosis) after a median follow-up of 6.2 yrs (IQR 4.1–8.1). A further 63 patients developed OAC (83% men, median age 73.0 yrs [IQR 67.0–78.0] at diagnosis) after a median follow-up of 6.4 yrs (IQR 4.4–8.9). For OAC, there was a large significant inverse association, in a threshold manner, comparing the lowest quintile with a summation of the top four quintiles of dietary intake, for DHA (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.88, p=0.02). EPA (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.15, p=0.12) intake was not significantly associated with OAC. For BO, no significant associations were found with either dietary DHA (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.20, p=0.19) or EPA (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.90, p=0.93). No gradient effects across quintiles were seen for either BO or OAC. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Dietary DHA was associated with an approximate 50% risk reduction for OAC, although there were no significant effects for BO. The data support a role for dietary DHA in preventing the malignant transformation of BO to OAC, and therefore should be measured in future aetiological studies of OAC. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Public Health
Authors: F. Douglas Scutchfield
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) continues to occupy a prominent place on the nation's public health agenda. Several significant reports were issued this past year on the AIDS epidemic. A committee from the National Academy of Sciences' Institute of Medicine, for example, completed an examination of AIDS and made a series of recommendations.<sup>1</sup>The report says that the United States should plan on spending $2 billion to combat the epidemic, $1 billion for AIDS education and $1 billion for research to develop a vaccine or cure for the disease. A presidential or presidential-congressional commission should be created to coordinate these efforts. The report also calls for increased education to curb high-risk behavior, which contributes to the continued spread of the disease. While the licensing of a new drug—zidovudine—for the treatment of AIDS provides some hope for those infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the only mechanism currently available to
Occupational Hazard
Authors: Murray L. Janower
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Dr. Gerald M. Kolodny: This 50-year-old white female entered the hospital with a chief complaint of generalized bone pain. Twenty-seven years prior to admission, she had a "gland" removed from her right breast; 20 years before admission her teeth spontaneously started falling out. At that time she also noted pain in her right hip which subsequently shifted to her left hip, her upper extremities, and finally to her chest and skull. About 15 years prior to admission there was swelling of her left jaw which drained purulent material for one year. Two years before admission she noted a nodule behind her right ear which increased in size and gradually began to drain purulent material. Subsequently, she fractured her right hip and during hospitalization the nodule behind her ear was excised. A histological diagnosis of osteogenic sarcoma was made, and a radical mastoidectomy was performed. The only positive physical finding on
Central nervous system toxicity induced by lidocaine. Report of a case in a patient with liver disease
Authors: R. Selden
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Lidocaine-hydrochloride-induced central nervous system (CNS) toxic effects in a patient with liver disease occurred after an intravenous infusion of the drug in a dose much smaller than is tolerated by patients with normal hepatic function. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical description of the CNS manifestations of lidocaine in a patient with hepatic insufficiency.
Recombinant interferon-alfa therapy in children with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: F BORTOLOTTI
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The efficacy of recombinant interferon-alfa therapy in children with chronic hepatitis C has been evaluated in a randomized, controlled pilot study including 27 patients, aged 2 to 14 years, without underlying systemic diseases. On entry, all patients had abnormal alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, 22 were hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA positive, 19 had mild chronic active hepatitis, and 8 had chronic persistent hepatitis on liver biopsy. Fourteen children received 5 MU/m2 of recombinant interferon-alfa2b thrice weekly for 4 months. If at this time ALT had been reduced to at least 50% the baseline level, treatment was continued up to 12 months. The other 13 children remained untreated. The whole follow-up period lasted 24 months. Interferon was stopped at 4 months in 4 children because of an ALT increase (2 cases), unchanged ALT and febrile convulsions (1 case), and slight ALT decrease (1 case). This latter patient, however, had normal ALT at 6 months and throughout further follow-up, and cleared HCV RNA, thus behaving as a sustained responder. All 10 children treated for 12 months had normal levels of ALT, and 9 were HCV RNA negative at the end of treatment. Of the 9 children who could be followed to 24 months, 4 relapsed soon after therapy withdrawal and 5 maintained a sustained biochemical and virologic response. Overall, 6 (43%) of 14 treated children had a sustained ALT normalization associated with HCV RNA clearance as compared with only 1 (7.5%) untreated child who had a sustained ALT normalization but did not clear HCV RNA. These results suggest that recombinant interferon therapy, at the regimen used in this study, may induce sustained ALT normalization and HCV clearance in a significant proportion of children with chronic hepatitis C. (Hepatology 1995;22:1623-1627).
History and Physical
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Table of Contents
Authors: David Harris, Simon Davies, Fredric Finkelstein, Vivekanand Jha, Jo-Ann Donner, Germaine Wong, P Coates, Tushar Vachharajani, Yong-Soo Kim, Miguel Riella, Ziad Massy, Tilman Drueke, Valentine Gillion, Olivier Devuyst, Dhanunjay Mukhi, Katalin Susztak, Norifumi Hayashi, Laurence Beck, Marina Noris, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Catherine Meyer, Marc De Broe, Pierre Delanaye, Fabian Braun, Tobias Huber, Victor Puelles, Biff Palmer, Deborah Clegg, François Jouret, Ramy Hanna, Connie Rhee, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Camillo Porta, Aristotelis Bamias, Farhad Danesh, Alicja De ˛bska-Slizie, Maurizio Gallieni, Morie Gertz, Jan Kielstein, Petra Tesarova, Michael Cheung, David Wheeler, Wolfgang Winkelmayer, Jolanta Małyszko, Mark Haas, Surya Seshan, Laura Barisoni, Kerstin Amann, Ingeborg Bajema, Jan Becker, Kensuke Joh, Danica Ljubanovic, Ian Roberts, Joris Roelofs, Sanjeev Sethi, Caihong Zeng, J Charles, Fadi Fakhouri, Moglie Le Quintrec, Véronique Frémeaux-Bacchi, Claudio Ponticelli, Manuel Podestà, Gabriella Moroni, Yuliang Wang, Diana Eng, Natalya Kaverina, Carol Loretz, Abbal Koirala, Shreeram Akilesh, Jeffrey Pippin, Stuart Shankland, James Grist, Frank Riemer, Esben Hansen, Rasmus Tougaard, Mary Mclean, Joshua Kaggie, Nikolaj Bøgh, Martin Graves, Ferdia Gallagher, Christoffer Laustsen, Mac C3d, Robert Geraghty, Ian Wilson, John Sayer, Ishan Paranjpe, Girish Nadkarni, Matthieu Jamme, Guillaume Geri, Jia Ng, Jamie Hirsch, Kenar Jhaveri, Steven Fishbane, Marco Van Londen, Jessica Van Der Weijden, Martin De Borst, Alexander Howie, Mared Owen-Casey, Qidong Ren, Yangzhong Zhou, Gang Chen, Xuemei Li, Wenling Ye, Jordi Bover, Mathias Haarhaus, Mónica Furlano, Pablo Ureña, Marc Vervloet, Iara Dasilva, Vincent Brandenburg, Rafael García-Maset, Antonio Bellasi, Vladimir Tesa
Journal: Kidney International (2020)
Editorial Board
Authors: Katrina Lythgoe, Linsey Meredith, Suado Nur, S Barrett, Canada Bell, B Bohannan, Usa Callaway, S Carpenter, J Clark, P Dayton, A Dobson, M Donoghue, D Erwin, W Laurance, G Mace, R May, H Mooney, C Moritz, R Nesse, S Otto, L Partridge, A Read, D Presgraves, C Simon, B Worm, Philip Patenall
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2009)
Medical Education Programs Sponsored by Government Agencies
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tim-3 expression on PD-1+ HCV-specific human CTLs is associated with viral persistence, and its blockade restores hepatocyte-directed in vitro cytotoxicity
Authors: Rachel H. McMahan, Lucy Golden-Mason, Michael I. Nishimura, Brian J. McMahon, Michael Kemper, Todd M. Allen, David R. Gretch, Hugo R. Rosen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

In the section of Methods titled "Antibodies and flow cytometric analysis," the antibody clone name for the anti-Tim-3 antibody was given incorrectly.The correct sentences appear below: Directly conjugated antibodies against the following surface molecules were used: CCR7-PE-Cy7 (clone 3D12), CD27-APC-H7 (clone M-T271), CD45RA-APC (clone HI100), CD69-FITC (clone L78), HLA-DR-PerCP (clone L243), CD45RO-PE-Cy7 (clone UCHL1), CD3-Pacific Blue (clone UCHT1), CD4-V500 (clone RPA-T4), CD8-Alexa Fluor 700 or CD8-PerCP (clone SK1), and PD-1-FITC (clone MIH4), all from BD Biosciences.The PE-conjugated antibody and the blocking antibody for Tim-3 (clone 344823) were obtained from R&D; the blocking antibody gave results that were comparable to those of 1G5 anti-Tim-3 antibody, provided by
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE KETOGENIC-ANTIKETOGENIC BALANCE IN DIABETES
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Female genital mutilation. Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Female genital mutilation is the medically unnecessary modification of female genitalia. Female genital mutilation typically occurs at about 7 years of age, but mutilated women suffer severe medical complications throughout their adult lives. Female genital mutilation most frequently occurs in Africa, the Middle East, and Muslim parts of Indonesia and Malaysia, and it is generally part of a ceremonial induction into adult society. Recent political and economic problems in these regions, however, have increased the numbers of students and refugees to the United States. Consequently, US physicians are treating an increasing number of mutilated patients. The Council on Scientific Affairs recommends that US physicians join the World Health Organization, the World Medical Association, and other major health care organizations in opposing all forms of medically unnecessary surgical modification of the female genitalia.
Prison Break
Authors: George N. Braman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Ad Libitum20 October 2009Prison BreakGeorge N. Braman, MDGeorge N. Braman, MDFrom Bronx, NY 10471-1609.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-8-200910200-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What if I had lived in another time—In France, would I have manned the barricades?Could I have talked to Shakespeare in his primeOr conquered Gaul to Roman accolades,Lived as philosopher in ancient Greece,Perhaps a troubadour in old Provence?As an assistant to Hippocrates,I'd have practiced subtlety and nuance.Still, trapped in the twenty-first century,Through practicing “my craft and sullen art,”I slip out of my penitentiaryAnd for a moment play another part.I take my pen in hand, my mind takes wings—I'm jousting with philosophers and kings.George N. Braman, MDBronx, NY 10471-1609 Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Bronx, NY 10471-1609.Current Author Address: George N. Braman, MD, 5903 Liebig Avenue, Bronx, NY 10471-1609. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 October 2009Volume 151, Issue 8Page: 586 ePublished: 20 October 2009 Issue Published: 20 October 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Amyloidosis
Authors: Alan S. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

Heredofamilial Amyloidoses Primary familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (Portuguese type). Perhaps the first clear-cut documentation of a hereditary amyloid syndrome was reported in detail by Andrade82 in 1952, with further pathological observations by Silva Horta83 three years later. This disorder is endemic to several areas of Portugal,84 where over 200 patients are being followed. Clinically, it is an insidious, usually symmetrical, progressive neuropathy affecting primarily the lower limb (so much so that it has been called "foot disease"). It is inherited as an autosomal dominant. A recent chromosome analysis of 1 patient said to have this type of amyloid showed . . .
The dexamethasone suppression test: an overview of its current status in psychiatry. The APA Task Force on Laboratory Tests in Psychiatry
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) has had unprecedented evaluation among biological tests proposed for clinical use in psychiatry. It is hypothesized to reflect pathophysiologic changes at the CNS level. The sensitivity of the DST (rate of a positive outcome, or nonsuppression of cortisol) in major depression is modest (about 40%-50%) but is higher (about 60%-70%) in very severe, especially psychotic, affective disorders, including major depression with psychotic as well as melancholic features, mania, and schizoaffective disorder. The specificity (true negative outcome) of the DST in normal control subjects is above 90%, but it varies from less than 70% to more than 90% in psychiatric conditions that often need to be separated from major affective disorders. In dementia the specificity is even lower. In addition, a number of medical conditions, including severe weight loss and use of alcohol and certain other drugs (barbiturates, anticonvulsants, and others), can produce false positive results. Positive initial DST status in major depression does not add significantly to the likelihood of antidepressant response, and a negative test is not an indication for withholding antidepressant treatment. Some recent data suggest that DST-positive depressions (cortisol nonsuppression) are less likely than DST-negative cases (cortisol suppression) to respond to a placebo. If this is confirmed, it would increase the real magnitude of the difference in treatment response between DST-positive and DST-negative depressed patients. Failure to convert to normal suppression of cortisol with apparent recovery from depression suggests an increased risk for relapse into depression or suicidal behavior. Although the clinical utility of the DST as currently understood is limited, in certain specific situations its thoughtful use may aid clinical decision making. The association of an abnormal test result with major affective disorders encourages continued research on the DST.
Molecular modes of action of cantharidin in tumor cells.
Authors: Rolf Rauh, Rudolf Bauer, Stefan Kahl, Herbert Böchzelt, Maja Tomicic-Christmann, Bernd Kaina, Thomas Efferth
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

2020   Cantharidin (CAN), a compound derived from  Lytta vesicatoria  reveals profound cytotoxicity against tumor cells. We investigated molecular mechanisms that determine the cellular response to CAN. Alkaline and neutral comet assays showed that CAN induces DNA single and double-strand breaks that were repaired in a dose- and concentration-dependent manner. Cell lines harboring endogeneous wild-type (CHO-9), mutant (43-3B), or wild-type transfected ERCC1 (43-3B/ERCC1) were, however, similar sensitive to CAN indicating that the nucleotide excision repair pathway is not responsible for repair of CAN-induced DNA damage. CAN was less active in WTK1 lymphoblastoid cells with mutated p53 than in TK1 lymphoblastoid cells expressing wild-type p53. Multidrug-resistant MDR1-expressing CEM/ADR5000 cells did not exhibit cross-resistance to CAN as compared to drug-sensitive parental cells. The IC50 values for CAN did not correlate with the mRNA expression of the MDR1 gene in 60 cell lines of the National Cancer Institute (N.C.I.) indicating no role of the MDR-phenotype for CAN. Mining the microarray database of the NCI by standard and reverse COMPARE analyses provided 50 out of 9706 genes whose mRNA expression correlated with IC50 values for CAN in the NCI cell line panel. If the mRNA expression of the 50 genes was subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis, sensitivity or resistance of the 60 cell lines to CAN could be predicted. The present investigation represents a starting point to dissect the genes and molecular pathways involved in cellular response to CAN in greater detail.
Pulmonary echinococcosis
Authors: R. Morar, C. Feldman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Echinococcosis or hydatid disease is caused by larvae of the tapeworm Echinococcus . Four species are recognised and the vast majority of infestations in humans are caused by E. granulosus . E. granulosus causes cystic echinococcosis, which has a worldwide distribution. Humans are exposed less frequently to E. multilocularis , which causes alveolar echinococcosis. E. vogeli and E. oligarthrus are rare species and cause polycystic echinococcosis. In cystic echinococcosis, humans are an accidental host and are usually infected by handling an infected dog. The liver and lungs are the most frequently involved organs. Pulmonary disease appears to be more common in younger individuals. Although most patients are asymptomatic, some may occasionally expectorate the contents of the cyst or develop symptoms related to compression of the surrounding structures. Other symptoms of hydatid disease can result from the release of antigenic material and secondary immunological reactions that develop from cyst rupture. The cysts are characteristically seen as solitary or multiple circumscribed or oval masses on imaging. Detection of antibody directed against specific echinococcal antigens is found in only approximately half of patients with pulmonary cysts. Surgical excision of the cyst is the treatment of choice whenever feasible.