tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PB2229: NECESSITY FOR A ROBUST INFRASTRUCTURE FOR TREATING ALLIED COMPLICATIONS OF AGEING HAEMOGLOBINOPATHY POPULATION IN MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES
Authors: T. Imran, H. Altaf, L. Khan
Journal: HemaSphere (2022)

Background: Haemoglobinopathies are the most common genetic disorders in Pakistan. With the significant advancement in therapeutic modalities the overall survival of this affected population has increased significantly. This improved survival has highlighted several associated sequalae awaiting considerations by advanced medical centers with expert faculty that are lacking in developing countries. The most common complications observed are cardiovascular disease, endocrine disorders, osteoporosis, hepatic pathology, renal dysfunction, and tumors Aims: Advanced centers are mandatory to treat the emerging complications of ageing population especially beta-thalassemia’s and sickle cell syndromes patients. Intensive research projects under supervision by west are needed to cater this ageing haemoglobinopathy population to lead a normal life expectancy in Pakistan Methods: The study is conducted at Jamila Sultana Foundation (JSF) Pakistan. It is a cross sectional study conducted from 2016 till date Results: Total patients at JSF are 954, Deceased 125, 828 are under treatment by conventional transfusion and chelation approach while BMT is done for only 5 patients. Out of 954, 592 detected beta thalassemia major, 304 Thalassemia trait, 24 Thalassemia intermedia 24, 9 sickle cell,12 sickle beta thalassemia,7 E Beta thalassemia and 6 D beta thalassemia patients. Patient age ranges from o1year to 47 years, gender distribution 215 females and 744 males. Among dead 106 patients were of thalassemia major, 16 thalassemia intermedia and 3 sickle cell anemia. Major cause of death was cardiovascular 32, 4 due to thrombosis, respiratory infection affected 3 and 3 died due to liver syndromes. Data showed that all these patients were not getting appropriate advance care availability at large at national. However better quality of care was received by only those patients who were educated and wealthy and could afford international consultations both online and personal visits. Image:Summary/Conclusion: Changing attitude is required at national health regulatory authority level for long term project development and sending local doctors for training abroad. This project updates must be shared with all the ageing patients’ for their opinion in decision-making for the advance centers. Educate and permit ageing patients to support and strengthen their role in monitoring their own disease.
Ivosidenib and Azacitidine in <i>IDH1</i> -Mutated AML
Authors: Pau Montesinos, Stephane de Botton, Hartmut Döhner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

followed by natural infection (airway mucosal route) as compared with intramuscular vaccination (systemic route).There is now evidence that critical components of the mucosal immunity network play a key role in fighting SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2-5 including secretory immunoglobulin A and tissue-resident memory cells (elements of local adaptive immunity) and mucosa-associated invariant T cells, mucosal complement activation, and mucosal interferons (elements of local innate immunity).
Concerns Regarding Robotic vs Laparoscopic Right and Extended Right Hepatectomy
Authors: Xinye Qian, Wang Hu, Jun Yan
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Accuracy of Chest Computed Tomography in Distinguishing Cystic Pleuropulmonary Blastoma From Benign Congenital Lung Malformations in Children
Authors: Abigail J. Engwall-Gill, Sherwin S. Chan, Kevin P. Boyd, Jacqueline M. Saito, Mary E. Fallat, Shawn D. St Peter, Stephanie Bolger-Theut, Eric J. Crotty, Jared R. Green, Rebecca L. Hulett Bowling, Sachin S. Kumbhar, Mantosh S. Rattan, Cody M. Young, Joseph K. Canner, Katherine J. Deans, Samir K. Gadepalli, Michael A. Helmrath, Ronald B. Hirschl, Rashmi Kabre, Dave R. Lal, Matthew P. Landman, Charles M. Leys, Grace Z. Mak, Peter C. Minneci, Tiffany N. Wright, Shaun M. Kunisaki, Jason Fraser, Cynthia Downard, Cheryl Adams, Thomas Sato, Daniel von Allmen, Jonathan Kohler, Daniel Ostlie, Sarah Fox
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> The ability of computed tomography (CT) to distinguish between benign congenital lung malformations and malignant cystic pleuropulmonary blastomas (PPBs) is unclear. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess whether chest CT can detect malignant tumors among postnatally detected lung lesions in children. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This retrospective multicenter case-control study used a consortium database of 521 pathologically confirmed primary lung lesions from January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2015, to assess diagnostic accuracy. Preoperative CT scans of children with cystic PPB (cases) were selected and age-matched with CT scans from patients with postnatally detected congenital lung malformations (controls). Statistical analysis was performed from January 18 to September 6, 2020. Preoperative CT scans were interpreted independently by 9 experienced pediatric radiologists in a blinded fashion and analyzed from January 24, 2019, to September 6, 2020. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of CT in correctly identifying children with malignant tumors. <h3>Results</h3> Among 477 CT scans identified (282 boys [59%]; median age at CT, 3.6 months [IQR, 1.2-7.2 months]; median age at resection, 6.9 months [IQR, 4.2-12.8 months]), 40 cases were extensively reviewed; 9 cases (23%) had pathologically confirmed cystic PPB. The median age at CT was 7.3 months (IQR, 2.9-22.4 months), and median age at resection was 8.7 months (IQR, 5.0-24.4 months). The sensitivity of CT for detecting PPB was 58%, and the specificity was 83%. High suspicion for malignancy correlated with PPB pathology (odds ratio, 13.5; 95% CI, 2.7-67.3;<i>P</i> = .002). There was poor interrater reliability (κ = 0.36 [range, 0.06-0.64];<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and no significant difference in specific imaging characteristics between PPB and benign cystic lesions. The overall accuracy rate for distinguishing benign vs malignant lesions was 81%. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This study suggests that chest CT, the current criterion standard imaging modality to assess the lung parenchyma, may not accurately and reliably distinguish PPB from benign congenital lung malformations in children. In any cystic lung lesion without a prenatal diagnosis, operative management to confirm pathologic diagnosis is warranted.
Error in Data
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Rebecca A. Stern, PhD; Michael E. Charness, MD; Kalpana Gupta, MD, MPH; Petros Koutrakis, PhD; Katherine Linsenmeyer, MD; Rebecca Madjarov, MMS; Marco A. G. Martins, PhD; Bernardo Lemos, PhD; Scot E. Dowd, PhD; Eric Garshick, MD, MOH
Evaluation of the influence of clinical information on the interpretation of digital chest radiographs
Authors: A. Yu. Vasil’ev, V. A. Nechaev
Journal: Radiology - Practice (2022)

In this study, the impact of the availability and accuracy of the patient’s clinical, laboratory and anamnestic data on the conclusion of a radiologist was evaluated. To achieve this goal, three groups of protocols of 60 digital chest radiographs performed by five radiologists with different work experience were compared. At the first stage, a set of radiographs was provided without additional information, at the second stage — with reliable brief clinical, laboratory and anamnestic data and at the third stage - with unreliable data. As a result, it was shown that the availability of reliable and accurate clinical information is important for the interpretation of chest radiographs.
Fourth Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine
Authors: Jacob G Waxman, Ori Magen, Miguel A Hernán
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

Natives than it was among non-Hispanic Whites (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.11) and 2% higher among non-Hispanic Blacks (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.03) than it was among non-Hispanic Whites.In sharp contrast to the decreasing disparities in firearm-related violence during the 1980s and 1990s, 5 recent trends have exacerbated existing disparities such that geographic and demographic groups that were already heavily exposed to firearm-related violence have had some of the largest increases, as measured in both relative and absolute terms.These increases are specific to firearm-related homicide and are not mirrored in trends in non-firearm-related homicide (see the Supplementary Appendix).Research is urgently needed to understand the societal shifts that contribute to these large changes in firearmrelated violence within particular groups and to identify ways to reverse those trends.
Risk of Intensive Care Unit admission or mortality in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 during the first two waves: An Italian cohort study
Authors: Carlotta Sacerdote, Lorenzo Milani, Anna Castiglione, Eva Pagano, Enrica Migliore, Carlo Albera, Mario Bo, Luca Brazzi, Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa, Marilena Durazzo, Enrico Lupia, Giuseppe Montrucchio, Emanuele Pivetta, Massimo Porta, Luca Scaglione, Franco Veglio, Marinella Zanierato, Fulvio Ricceri, Valeria Caramello, Gitana Scozzari, Antonio Scarmozzino
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Effects of Early Empagliflozin Initiation on Diuresis and Kidney Function in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (EMPAG-HF)
Authors: P. Christian Schulze, Jürgen Bogoviku, Julian Westphal, Pawel Aftanski, Franz Haertel, Sissy Grund, Stephan von Haehling, Ulrike Schumacher, Sven Möbius-Winkler, Martin Busch
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Effective diuretic regimens using loop diuretics in patients with acute decompensated heart failure are often limited by the development of worsening kidney function. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors induce glucosuria and sodium excretion with nephroprotective effects in patients with stable heart failure but their role in acute decompensated heart failure is unclear. Methods: In this single-center, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study, we randomly assigned patients with acute decompensated heart failure to empagliflozin 25 mg daily or placebo in addition to standard decongestive treatments that included loop diuretics. The primary end point was cumulative urine output over 5 days. Secondary end points included diuretic efficiency, dynamics in markers of kidney function and injury, and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide). Results: Sixty patients were randomized within 12 hours of hospitalization for acute decompensated heart failure. Addition of empagliflozin daily to standard medical treatment of acute decompensated heart failure resulted in a 25% increase in cumulative urine output over 5 days (median 10.8 versus 8.7 L mL in placebo, group difference estimation 2.2 L [95% CI, 8.4 to 3.6]; P =0.003). Empagliflozin increased diuretic efficiency compared with placebo (14.1 mL urine per milligram furosemide equivalent [95% CI, 0.6–27.7]; P =0.041) without affecting markers of renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate, 51±19 versus 54±17 mL/min per 1.73 m²; P =0.599) or injury (total urinary protein, 492±845 versus 503±847 mg/g creatinine; P =0.975; and urinary α1-microglobulin, 55.4±38.6 versus 31.3±33.6 mg/g creatinine; P =0.066) with more pronounced decrease in NT-proBNP in the empagliflozin group compared with placebo (−1861 versus −727.2 pg/mL after 5 days; quotient in slope, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.83–0.95]; P &lt;0.001). There were no differences in the incidence of safety events between groups. Conclusions: Early addition of empagliflozin to standard diuretic therapy increases urine output without affecting renal function in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT04049045.
Serum urate outcomes of treat-to-target urate lowering treatment: results of a nationwide cohort study from 1997 to the COVID-19 pandemic using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Abhishek Abhishek, Edoardo Cipolletta, Georgina Nakafero, Anthony J Avery, Mamas Mamas, Laila J Tata
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)
CDK4 is an essential insulin effector in adipocytes
Authors: Sylviane Lagarrigue, Isabel C. Lopez-Mejia, Pierre-Damien Denechaud, Xavier Escoté, Judit Castillo-Armengol, Veronica Jimenez, Carine Chavey, Albert Giralt, Qiuwen Lai, Lianjun Zhang, Laia Martinez-Carreres, Brigitte Delacuisine, Jean-Sébastien Annicotte, Emilie Blanchet, Sébastien Huré, Anna Abella, Francisco J. Tinahones, Joan Vendrell, Pierre Dubus, Fatima Bosch, C. Ronald Kahn, Lluis Fajas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)
Crossing borders in Alzheimer’s disease: A T cell’s perspective
Authors: L. van Olst, L. Coenen, J.M. Nieuwland, C. Rodriguez-Mogeda, N.M. de Wit, A. Kamermans, J. Middeldorp, H.E. de Vries
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2022)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting millions of people worldwide. While different immunotherapies are imminent, currently only disease-modifying medications are available and a cure is lacking. Over the past decade, immunological interfaces of the central nervous system (CNS) and their role in neurodegenerative diseases received increasing attention. Specifically, emerging evidence shows that subsets of circulating CD8+ T cells cross the brain barriers and associate with AD pathology. To gain more insight into how the adaptive immune system is involved in disease pathogenesis, we here provide a comprehensive overview of the contribution of T cells to AD pathology, incorporating changes at the brain barriers. In addition, we review studies that provide translation of these findings by targeting T cells to combat AD pathology and cognitive decline. Importantly, these data show that immunological changes in AD are not confined to the CNS and that AD-associated systemic immune changes appear to affect brain homeostasis.
No one is safe until everyone is safe—from polio too
Authors: Ed Clarke, Beate Kampmann
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Polio used to be a devastating and much feared disease in the UK and across the world.Caused by the poliomyelitis virus, in the absence of vaccination, infection results in paralysis in around one in 200 and death in approximately 5-10% of these cases. 1 Thanks to the introduction of safe and effective vaccines in the late 1950s and early 1960s, the condition has largely been forgotten as a public health concern in most high resource settings, including in the UK.Who knows about "iron lungs" these days?Indeed, after the establishment of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in 1988, we have seemingly been on the verge of worldwide polio eradication for a decade or more. 2 Africa was declared free of wild polio in August 2020 and only two small pockets of wild poliovirus type 1 remain, in Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Airborne SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Stephanie J Dancer
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Debate over the exact mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been intense. 1 This is entirely reasonable, given that the mechanism of spread determines preventive and potentially lifesaving policies.But the choice between respiratory aerosol or droplet settled on short range droplets, which neatly circumvented any risk outside the fabled 2m zone. 1 This choice gave rise to social distancing, hand and surface hygiene, and masks, but not to improved indoor air quality.And so the debate smoulders on, as Duval and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-068743)report from their linked systematic review supporting the role of long distance airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2. 2 The review examined covid-19 transmission events in a variety of indoor community settings ranging from fitness facilities, offices, buses, and restaurants to choir venues and a church, but not hospitals, hospices, or care homes. 2 -8 The inclusion of care home outbreaks might have strengthened overall findings, along with more recent studies detailing nosocomial clusters among vaccinated healthcare workers. 9 10
A National Tracking System for Nonfatal Drug Overdoses
Authors: Rahul Gupta, David R. Holtgrave
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HBV transcription and translation persist despite viral suppression in HBV‐HIV co‐infected patients on antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Mauricio Lisker‐Melman, Abdus S. Wahed, Marc G. Ghany, Raymond T. Chung, Wendy C. King, David E. Kleiner, Atul K. Bhan, Mandana Khalili, Mamta K. Jain, Mark Sulkowski, David K. Wong, Gavin Cloherty, Richard K. Sterling
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Background and aims: Liver injury may persist in patients with HBV receiving antiviral therapy who have ongoing transcription and translation. We sought to assess ongoing HBV transcription by serum HBV RNA, translation by serum hepatitis B core related antigen (HBcrAg), and their associations with hepatic HBsAg and HBcAg staining in patients coinfected with HBV and HIV. Methods: This is a cross‐sectional study of 110 adults coinfected with HBV and HIV who underwent clinical assessment and liver biopsy. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for HBsAg and HBcAg. Viral biomarkers included quantitative HBsAg, HBV RNA, and HBcrAg. Results: Participants’ median age was 49 years (male, 93%; Black, 51%; HBeAg+, 65%), with suppressed HBV DNA (79%) and undetectable HIV RNA (77%) on dually active antiretroviral therapy. Overall, HBV RNA and HBcrAg were quantifiable in 81% and 83%, respectively (96% and 100% in HBeAg+, respectively). HBcAg staining was detected in 60% and HBsAg in 79%. Higher HBV RNA was associated with higher HBcAg and HBsAg IHC grades (both p &lt; 0.0001). The HBsAg membranous staining pattern was significantly associated with higher HBV‐RNA and HBcrAg levels. Conclusion: HBcAg and HBsAg IHC staining persisted despite viral suppression, and IHC grades and staining patterns correlated with markers of transcription (HBV RNA) and translation (HBcrAg). These data indicate that apparent HBV suppression is associated with residual transcription and translation that could contribute to liver pathology. Additional antiviral strategies directed to HBV protein expression may be useful to ameliorate liver injury.
Capecitabine Maintenance in Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma—Reply
Authors: Guo-Ying Liu, Wang-Zhong Li, Yan-Qun Xiang
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal