tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical Uses of Radiation
Authors: J. Frank Walker
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was surprised and disappointed to find Sagan's communication (<b>215</b>:1977, 1971) given the status of an<i>editorial</i>. It is a superficial and incomplete comment which overlooks the very real efforts made by the American Medical As sociation and many other medical organizations to educate physicians about radiation. If allowed to stand unchallanged, it would serve as prima facie argumentation for the government intervention which Sagan professes to deplore. This is not to dissent from Sagan's conclusions that physicians need to be more aware of good and bad uses of radiation. This has been a theme of efforts by the AMA, the American College of Radiology, and other groups for more than 40 years. The potential hazard of radiation, the shortage of radiologists and their facilities, and even the impact of extensive x-ray film examinations on the patient's pocketbook are all valid reasons for encouraging physicians to
Cochlear Implants Are a Contraindication to MRI
Authors: Herbert L. Abrams
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> The National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference report on magnetic resonance imaging<sup>1</sup>failed to mention cochlear implants as a contraindication. Since these devices employ a high-strength cobalt samarium magnet that works in conjunction with an external magnet to align and retain a radio frequency transmitter coil on a patient's head, the labeling of the devices, approved by the Food and Drug Administration, includes a specific warning against magnetic resonance imaging; physicians should be aware of this contraindication.
The Immediate Response to Injection Therapy for First-Degree Haemorrhoids
Authors: C V Mann, R Motson, M Clifton
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1988)

Over an 8-month period, 100 consecutive patients undergoing sclerotherapy for first-degree haemorrhoids were issued with a questionnaire to assess responses to this treatment. Success was defined as complete cessation of bleeding at defaecation. The effect on bleeding was assessed at the end of 24 hours (99 responders) and 4 weeks later (98 responders): of 61 patients (62%) with no bleeding at 24 hours, only 40 (41%) remained symptom-free at 28 days post-injection. Twelve patients were treatment failures (either unchanged or increased bleeding post-injection). More than half the patients (n = 59) experienced pain related to the injection, which was severe in 9 cases. Although only 3 patients expressed complete dissatisfaction with the treatment they received, and overall 88% were either cured of bleeding or improved, the results suggest that critical judgment should be exercised before recommending the treatment to patients with minimal occasional bleeding due to first-degree haemorrhoids.
Nuclear and Fossil-Fueled Plants Generating Electricity
Authors: Edward Press
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The increased consciousness of the public regarding environmental health hazards has engendered considerable discussion and debate on the potential health hazards of the by-products released to the environment by plants generating electrical power. With the growing number of such plants using nuclear reactors as a method of generating electricity, the advice of physicians is frequently being sought regarding possible adverse effects on health. The following information represents a brief summary of some of the pertinent points relating to environmental hazards from nuclear and fossil-fueled electrical generating plants. All of these plants may have significant environmental health hazards, and it is important to encourage research, development, and construction of alternate methods for producing electrical power that would be less hazardous. Among these other methods are those for converting solar energy into electricity, the utilization of heat stored under the earth's crust in geothermal sources, and the use of controlled thermonuclear reac
Clinical Aspects and Treatment of Surgical Infections
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Commission on Medical Education
Authors: Robert Q. Marston
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THE Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Commission on Medical Education began its study in February 1990, in response to the perception of many medical educators that medical student education needed fundamental change. Results of a Louis Harris survey of US medical educators in 1989 clearly indicated that "deans, department chairmen, and clinical faculty overwhelmingly endorsed the need for 'fundamental changes' or 'thorough reform' in medical student education."<sup>1</sup>Faculty, students, and practicing physicians share concern about the science education students receive in medical school and the fact that they are too often not engaged by the science components of their education. At the same time, US medical schools have assembled the richest source of scientific talent in history; their scientists play a leading role in the evolution of a new biology created by advances in molecular medicine that cross all departmental and disciplinary lines and require a renewed emphasis on understanding
Editorial board and contents
Authors: Paul Craze, Geoffrey North, Jan Kastelein, Ria Otten, Patrick Scheffmann, S Barrett, Canada Bell, B Bohannan, Usa Callaway, S Carpenter, J Clark, P Dayton, R Dirzo, A Dobson, M Donoghue, D Erwin, S Jackson, W Laurance, G Mace, R May, H Mooney, R Nesse, S Otto, L Partridge, A Read, D Presgraves, C Simon, Usa Worm
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2014)
Promoting health of looked after children
Authors: S Acharyya
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Smoking research of the 1950s could be celebrated in UK and US stampsEditor-Tobacco Control reproduced anti-tobacco postage stamps on the covers of its first six issues. [1]2][3][4] By 1992, 43 countries had issued anti-tobacco stamps, 1 and Poland issued an antismoking postcard as far back as 1971.Sixty five countries have now issued anti-tobacco stamps or other postal items.Two of the recent issues are from Libya in 1995 and Romania in 1999 (figures).By contrast, 125 countries have
Pulmonary-Function Tests
Authors: Homayoun Kazemi
Journal: JAMA (1968)

All physicians, regardless of their types of practice, are seeing more patients with various forms of chronic lung disease. Pulmonary symptoms may be the primary complaint, or they may become apparent during another illness or after an operation. Pulmonary-function tests offer the means of elucidating the type of physiological impairment present, quantitating the degree of malfunction, and allowing for objective follow-up studies in the natural history of the disease and the efficacy of therapeutic measures. Tests of lung function vary from simple measurements of vital capacity to the use of gaseous radioactive isotopes for measurements of regional blood flow, ventilation, and gas exchange. The physician in practice should be able to interpret the results of ventilatory tests and arterial-blood gas analyses, and rely on the pulmonary physiologist and the chest physician for interpretation of the more refined tests of lung function. In this communication, lung-function tests will be reviewed briefly
Tonsil and Allied Problems
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Self-Funded Health Benefit Plans
Authors: Dale A. Rublee
Journal: JAMA (1986)

ON JUNE 3, 1985, the Supreme Court decided that states may require group health insurance plans to cover certain specified types of care for employees.<sup>1</sup>At issue in the case was whether the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company could be required by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to provide 60 days of inpatient treatment in a mental hospital and certain minimum outpatient benefits in its health insurance plans. On the surface, this judgment bolsters the ability of states to enforce mandated benefit laws. Beneath the surface, however, and of greater overall significance, is the victory this case represents for employers who fund their own employee health benefits, who are not covered by this decision. In contrast, the commercial insurance industry and Blue Cross/Blue Shield, who<i>are</i>covered by this decision, are now bound to offer what the various states require as minimum benefits for their residents. The Court's ruling calls attention to
A Guide to Human Parasitology for Medical Practitioners
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Robert G. Hart
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has no single clinical or laboratory feature that is specific and establishes the diagnosis. In recent years, many ancillary investigations, such as oligoclonal proteins, evoked potentials, and computed tomographic scans, have become available to aid the clinician. These investigations are summarized, and an algorithm describing an approach to the diagnosis of MS is given. The importance of careful clinical observation overshadows even these newer tests. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:498-503)
Discordance in results of right coronary intervention.
Authors: E J Topol, G M Gacioch
Journal: Circulation (1991)

We are writing to express concern about the misinterpretation of our data that appeared in a recent article by Kahn and colleagues' and the accompanying editorial by Meier.2These articles addressed primary angioplasty for treatment of acute myocardial infarction, a strategy in which the guide wire and balloon catheter are used as a direct method to achieve myocardial reperfusion.Both papers allude to our recent report of complications in patients undergoing "rescue" coronary angioplasty of the right coronary artery3; this represents a distinctly different, de- layed application of angioplasty as a fallback means to restoring infarct vessel patency.4With respect to relative lack of complications in the series presented by Kahn et al compared with our experience, these authors state that "explanations for these major differences are not readily apparent."'Meier takes this further by stating: "The poor outcome of acute angioplasty in right coronary artery infarc- tion reported recently, however, was not confirmed ... as the reasons were hard to understand in the first place."2Our explanation for the discordance in results of right coronary artery intervention lies in the critical difference in patient characteristics.Patients who undergo primary angioplasty are at considerably less risk for mortality or major cardiac events than those who prove resistant to thrombolysis since they are relatively unselected and are having a first attempt at reperfusion.On the other hand, the rescue patients have had more protracted isch- emia, a higher likelihood of deep plaque rupture, propagation of coronary artery thrombus with aging, cross-linked fibrin increasing platelet content, and worse left ventricular function.4 6One cannot justifiably compare data between the two strategies as has been done in these articles.Furthermore, the complications and results from our center for rescue angioplasty of the right coronary artery have recently been confirmed in a much larger multicenter experience by Abbottsmith and colleagues.6For example, in the recent study of 165 patients, those with rescue of the right versus the left coronary had a marked increase in ventricular fibrillation (16% versus 9%) and secondor third-degree atrioventricular block (12% versus 1%), abrupt closure (11% versus 4%), and subsequent reocclusion (31% versus 17%), respectively.6It is quite clear that patients who acutely fail pharmacological thrombolysis of the right coronary artery have an increased periprocedural complication rate of rescue angioplasty.While the mechanism for this observation is not fully understood, it is important to acknowledge potential pitfalls of reperfusion therapies, especially when lack of judicious use can lead to key deleterious outcomes.
Prevention of Renal Necrosis by Stress
Authors: Hans Selye
Journal: JAMA (1967)

By obstructing the renal hilus for two hours with a specially constructed clip, it is possible to produce a selective necrosis affecting the medulla of the rat kidney. Despite total cessation of urine secretion, the cortex, though altered in its structure, continues to live for many weeks without producing hypertension, generalized periarteritis nodosa, or nephrosclerosis on the opposite side. In these respects as well as in its histologic structure, this "cortical kidney" differs essentially from the "endocrine kidney" elicited by permanent but partial restriction of the renal blood flow. Exposure to systemic stress (restraint, spinal-cord transection) and treatment with certain drugs (chlorpromazine hydrochloride, cyproheptadine hydrochloride) offer virtually complete protection against the macroscopic and histologic manifestations of the ischemic renal necrosis thus produced.
Cell-Mediated Tumor Immunity Measured &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt; and &lt;italic&gt;In Vivo&lt;/italic&gt; With Soluble Tumor-Specific Antigens&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Journal Article Cell-Mediated Tumor Immunity Measured In Vitro and In Vivo With Soluble Tumor-Specific Antigens Get access Monte Sean Meltzer, Monte Sean Meltzer National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Dental Research,5Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joost J. Oppenheim, Joost J. Oppenheim National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Dental Research,5Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bruce H. Littman, Bruce H. Littman National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Dental Research,5Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edward J. Leonard, Edward J. Leonard National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Dental Research,5Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Herbert J. Rapp Herbert J. Rapp National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Dental Research,5Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 49, Issue 3, September 1972, Pages 727–734, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/49.3.727 Published: 01 September 1972 Article history Received: 02 February 1972 Accepted: 19 April 1972 Published: 01 September 1972
A Case-Control Study of Large Bowel Cancer in Japan&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: William Haenszel, Frances B. Locke
 5, Mitsuo Segi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

This investigation of diet and other environmental factors reports on 588 patients with colorectal cancer and 1,176 hospitalized controls in three prefectures of Japan. Weak (not statistically significant) positive effects were found for social class and urbanization. The significant associations of colorectal cancer with consumption of beef, string beans, or starches previously described for Hawaiian Japanese were not reproduced here. An association with hakusal (cabbage) agreed with other reports on a negative association with cruciferous vegetables. An analysis of the subset of cases in the low rectum yielded results similar to those for the total series. The failure to uncover important food effects in Japan is attributed to the difficulty of detecting case-control differences in areas with homogeneous diet practices. Further epidemiologic research aided by leads from ongoing work with animals may provide ideas for more sharply defined questions, should stress new approaches for more accurate diet histories, and should continue to emphasize tumor localization.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Doxorubicin is among the most effective anticancer drugs. Yet, a significant number of patients develop cardiotoxicity, for which identification of predicting factors remains a clinical challenge. Here, Khiati and colleagues demonstrate that mitochondrial topoisomerase, Top1mt, is critical to avoid cardiotoxicity. Top1mt knockout mice are hypersensitive to doxorubicin, and die from cardiac failure with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) loss and severe mitochondrial and cardiomyocyte abnormalities. The study demonstrates the importance of mtDNA homeostasis for doxorubicin tolerance and suggests the relevance of testing genomic variants for TOP1mt and others mitochondrial genes in doxorubicin-treated patients.Recent progress of immunotherapy has led to the development of many novel immune modulators and vaccines. With the potential number of different combinations, there is an urgent need to revisit the feasibility of the traditional phase 1 dose escalation design in early cancer vaccine development. Rahma and colleagues reviewed over 200 phase I/II cancer vaccine studies showing a lack of correlation between dose escalation and toxicities or cellular immune response. In addition, the authors described a novel design to identify the safe and immune active dose in cancer vaccines without the need to enroll a large number of patients.Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) expressing EpCAM is an independent prognostic factor recurrence in HCC patients. To comprehensively investigate the clinical significance of these cells in HCC patients undergoing different treatment, Guo and colleagues established a novel optimized negative enrichment and qRT-PCR-based CTC detection platform with high sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and a small sample volume requirement and discovered that EpCAM mRNA-positive CTCs serve as a novel indicator for the risk of recurrence or progression in HCC patients and a promising surrogate tool for surveillance of the therapeutic response instead of radiologic scans with the benefits of increased convenience and safety.MET amplification is one of the mechanisms underlying resistance to EGFR TKIs in NSCLC. Noninvasive imaging of proliferation with 3′-deoxy-3′-[18F]-fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) and PET was used to detect MET-mediated resistance in NSCLC and to monitor its reversal by MET inhibitors. Iommelli and colleagues showed that the persistently high uptake of [18F]FLT in tumors after treatment with EGFR TKIs identified resistance, whereas the significant reduction of tracer uptake in response to treatment with MET inhibitors indicated the reversal of MET-mediated resistance. The major clinical implication of the study is to provide an adaptive imaging biomarker for personalized targeted therapy in NSCLC patients.