tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

A New Height for the STAG Genes as Regulators of ERK Signaling Shen and colleagues performed whole exome sequencing on a pair of pre-and posttreatment melanoma tumors and found only one mutation exclusively in the post-relapse sample.The implicated gene was STAG2, a core subunit in the cohesion complex.Knockdown of STAG2/3 in BRAF-mutant melanoma cell lines and in tumors drove resistance to BRAF inhibition through reactivation of ERK signaling.Functional studies focused on STAG2 silencing uncovered significant decreases of DUSP6 transcript and protein expression, a key ERK phosphatase, with similar decreases in DUSP6 expression found in BRAF inhibition-resistant melanoma cells compared with parental cells.Overexpression of DUSP6 and knockdown of STAG2 attenuated induction of pERK, enhancing the ability of vemurafenib to inhibit tumor growth.These findings expose a novel link between STAG proteins and ERK signaling and raise new questions about how STAG2 exerts its tumor suppressor functions.(Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.)
&lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-methyl-&lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Nitrosourea-Induced Rat Mammary Tumors. Hormone Responsiveness but Lack of Spontaneous Metastasis&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)
Diseases of the Male Organs of Generation.
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment of Coccidioidomycosis With Miconazole
Authors: Paul D. Hoeprich
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Miconazole was injected intravenously in six patients with coccidioidomycosis. Two patients received 101 and 185 g, respectively, without clinical response and with persistence of positive cultures for<i>Coccidioides immitis</i>. In one patient, symptoms were suppressed when amphotericin B was given with miconazole, but new lesions developed with miconazole alone (total dose, 963 g). Three patients received smaller doses: 30.6 g before death from an unrelated complication; 17 and 22.3 g before development of severe allergic reactions. Because of the high rate of initial failures and relapses, miconazole is not recommended as primary therapy for coccidioidomycosis. (<i>JAMA</i>243:1923-1926, 1980)
Cholestasis and changes of portal pressure caused by chlorpromazine in the perfused rat liver
Authors: Theodorus Akerboom, Ingo Schneider, Stephan vom Dahl, Helmut Sies
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Chlorpromazine (10 μmol/L) causes a marked increase in portal pressure in perfused rat liver. Simultaneously, oxygen consumption, hepatic clearance of taurocholate and bile flow are diminished. These effects are prevented by the cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin (15 μmol/L), acetylsalicylate (3 mmol/L) or ibuprofen (200 μmol/L). On addition of chlorpromazine the liver releases increased amounts of prostaglandin D 2 ; this increase does not occur in the presence of indomethacin. At higher concentrations of chlorpromazine (100 μmol/L) the inhibition of taurocholate clearance and bile flow is accompanied by only a moderate increase of portal pressure, and indomethacin is without effect. At this high concentration, substantial cell damage, as indicated by the release of lactate dehydrogenase, is present. We conclude that arachidonic acid—derived metabolites, notably prostanoids, are involved in the inhibition of bile flow and of taurocholate clearance observed at low concentrations of chlorpromazine. The data suggest that changes in the microcirculation are responsible for the impairment of the liver functions. At higher concentrations of chlorpromazine the cell toxicity of the drug becomes prominent. (Hepatology 1991;13:216-221).
Readability of Informed Consent Forms for Research in a Veterans Administration Medical Center
Authors: Marilyn T. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This study examined the effects of federal regulations on the readability and length of consent forms used in medical research from 1975 through 1982. Materials evaluated were 49 information sheets from four sample time periods and the 1975 and 1979 revisions of the Veterans Administration consent document. Flesch readability scores were at college level for both the consent documents and information sheets from all sample time periods. Thus, consent forms always may have been too difficult for typical volunteers to comprehend. Changes in length and content of the consent documents suggest that difficulty levels actually may have increased since 1975. Efforts to protect the rights of research subjects through federal regulations have resulted in presentation of appropriate information, but little progress has been made in ensuring that the information is comprehensible, understood, and used. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:2646-2648)
Endoscopic Ultrasonography
Authors: B J Pollack, A Chak, M V Sivak
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Optimal treatment of gastric carcinoma requires accurate staging as there are marked differences in the prognosis of early and advanced gastric cancer which influence the decision for surgical resection versus nonsurgical palliation. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), by virtue of its considerable accuracy, has become the method of choice for regional staging of gastric cancer. EUS is unique in its ability to image the gastric wall as a 5-layer structure that correlates with actual histological layers. Thus, tumor depth can be imaged very precisely. Peritumor inflammation is the most common cause for overstaging by EUS; difficulty in determining tumor involvement of, but not through, the subserosa is another important reason for inaccurate staging. EUS is able also to detect small lymph nodes in the perigastric region. Although assessment of malignancy in nodes can be difficult, ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology appears to be an accurate method to determine lymph node status. Surgery remains the standard treatment for gastric cancer, but new methods of endoscopic resection combined with high-frequency ultrasound may hold promise for future treatment of early gastric cancer. In addition to current radial and sector scanning instruments, recently introduced high-frequency ultrasound probes enhance the diagnostic possibilities of this technology.
Physiological Psychology
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
GOT2: An Unexpected Mediator of Immunosuppression in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Zeribe C. Nwosu, Marina Pasca di Magliano
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2022)

Summary: In this issue, Abrego and colleagues describe an unexpected role for the mitochondrial enzyme glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT2) in pancreatic cancer, whereby it acts as a nuclear fatty acid transporter binding to and activating the PPARδ nuclear receptor. In turn, the GOT2–PPARδaxis drives immunosuppression by suppressing T cell–mediated antitumor immunity. See related article by Abrego et al., p. 2414 (3).
The Boring Schwann Cells: Tumor Me-TAST-asis along Nerves
Authors: Moran Amit, Anirban Maitra
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2022)

Perineural spread is an ominous feature of cancer. Here, Deborde and colleagues describe for the first time the biophysical coupling driving this route of tumor spread and the role of Schwann cell activation in the mobilization of cancer cells within and along the tumor-associated nerves. See related article by Deborde et al., p. 2454 (8).
Dangerous Liaisons between<i>Tet2</i>Mutation, Inflammatory Monocytes, and Leukemogenesis
Authors: Eric M. Pietras, James DeGregori
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2022)

Summary: Transgenic knockin mice expressing a common loss-of-function mutation in human TET2 exhibit aging-related accelerated myeloid leukemia development and skewing of myelopoiesis toward the production of proinflammatory MHC-IIhi monocytes that may contribute to disease. See related article by Yeaton et al., p. 2392 (2).
Changes in the salt content of packaged foods sold in supermarkets between 2015–2020 in the United Kingdom: A repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Lauren K. Bandy, Sven Hollowell, Susan A. Jebb, Peter Scarborough
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2022)

Background Excess consumption of salt is linked to an increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The United Kingdom has had a comprehensive salt reduction programme since 2003, setting a series of progressively lower, product-specific reformulation targets for the food industry, combined with advice to consumers to reduce salt. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the sales-weighted mean salt content of grocery foods sold through retail between 2015 and 2020 by category and company. Methods and findings Information for products, including salt content (g/100 g), was collected online from retailer websites for 6 consecutive years (2015 to 2020) and was matched with brand-level retail sales data from Euromonitor for 395 brands. The sales-weighted mean salt content and total volume of salt sold were calculated by category and company. The mean salt content of included foods fell by 0.05 g/100 g, from 1.04 g/100 g in 2015 to 0.90 g/100 g in 2020, equivalent to −4.2% ( p = 0.13). The categories with the highest salt content in 2020 were savoury snacks (1.6 g/100 g) and cheese (1.6 g/100 g), and the categories that saw the greatest reductions in mean salt content over time were breakfast cereals (−16.0%, p = 0.65); processed beans, potatoes, and vegetables (−10.6%, p = 0.11); and meat, seafood, and alternatives (−9.2%, p = 0.56). The total volume of salt sold fell from 2.41 g per person per day to 2.25 g per person per day, a reduction of 0.16 g or 6.7% ( p = 0.54). The majority (63%) of this decrease was attributable to changes in mean salt content, with the remaining 37% accounted for by reductions in sales. Across the top 5 companies in each of 9 categories, the volume of salt sold decreased in 26 and increased in 19 cases. This study is limited by its exclusion of foods purchased out of the home, including at restaurants, cafes, and takeaways. It also does not include salt added at the table, or that naturally occurring in foods, meaning the findings underrepresent the population’s total salt intake. The assumption was also made that the products matched with the sales data were entirely representative of the brand, which may not be the case if products are sold exclusively in convenience stores or markets, which are not included in this database. Conclusions There has been a small decline in the salt content of foods and total volume of salt sold between 2015 and 2020, but observed changes were not statistically significant so could be due to random variations over time. We suggest that mandatory reporting of salt sales by large food companies would increase the transparency of how individual businesses are progressing towards the salt reduction targets.
When Cancer Cells Become the Enablers of an Antitumor Immune Response
Authors: Antoni Ribas, W. Nicholas Haining, Ton N.M. Schumacher
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2022)

Tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells unleashed by the blockade of immune checkpoints have to overcome a hostile tumor microenvironment (TME). They start from very small numbers of T cells with tumor antigen specificity and, despite expansion, likely remain at a numerical disadvantage to the tumor cells they target. To overcome these obstacles, we propose that T cells need to change the TME to make it permissive for their antitumor effects by altering the phenotype of cells beyond the cancer cells they are in physical contact with. In this process, IFNγ secreted by tumor-specific T cells plays a critical role, as it changes the expression of hundreds of genes in cancer cells and other immune cells in the TME up to 40 layers of cells away from their location, effectively turning these cells into enablers of the antitumor immune response. In this perspective, we postulate that the clinical activity of cancer immunotherapy with immune-checkpoint blocking antibodies and adoptively transferred T cells requires that cancer cells facilitate the antitumor immune response. IFNγ effectively changes the balance of power in the TME to enable the antitumor activity of tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells.
Recent Advances in Biosensors for Detection of COVID-19 and Other Viruses
Authors: Shobhit K. Patel, Jaymit Surve, Juveriya Parmar, Kawsar Ahmed, Francis M. Bui, Fahad Ahmed Al-Zahrani
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2022)

This century has introduced very deadly, dangerous, and infectious diseases to humankind such as the influenza virus, Ebola virus, Zika virus, and the most infectious SARS-CoV-2 commonly known as COVID-19 and have caused epidemics and pandemics across the globe. For some of these diseases, proper medications, and vaccinations are missing and the early detection of these viruses will be critical to saving the patients. And even the vaccines are available for COVID-19, the new variants of COVID-19 such as Delta, and Omicron are spreading at large. The available virus detection techniques take a long time, are costly, and complex and some of them generates false negative or false positive that might cost patients their lives. The biosensor technique is one of the best qualified to address this difficult challenge. In this systematic review, we have summarized recent advancements in biosensor-based detection of these pandemic viruses including COVID-19. Biosensors are emerging as efficient and economical analytical diagnostic instruments for early-stage illness detection. They are highly suitable for applications related to healthcare, wearable electronics, safety, environment, military, and agriculture. We strongly believe that these insights will aid in the study and development of a new generation of adaptable virus biosensors for fellow researchers.
Extracellular Vesicle Mimetics: Preparation from Top‐Down Approaches and Biological Functions (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 19/2022)
Authors: Yuan Du, Hongyi Wang, Yang Yang, Jianfeng Zhang, Yue Huang, Shunwu Fan, Chenhui Gu, Liqing Shangguan, Xianfeng Lin
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)
Multifunctional Nanofibrous Scaffolds with Angle‐Ply Microstructure and Co‐Delivery Capacity Promote Partial Repair and Total Replacement of Intervertebral Disc (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 19/2022)
Authors: Feng Han, Qifan Yu, Genglei Chu, Jiaying Li, Zhuang Zhu, Zhengdong Tu, Changjiang Liu, Weidong Zhang, Runze Zhao, Haijiao Mao, Fengxuan Han, Bin Li
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Biomimetic Structures Annulus fibrosus (AF) repair is critical for treating disc herniation. In article 2200895, Fengxuan Han, Bin Li, and co-workers fabricate aligned core–shell nanofibrous scaffolds mimicking AF microstructure and realize temporal release of drugs for AF repair. Fast release of ibuprofen-ameliorated inflammation and sustained release of TGFβ3 promote cell proliferation and ECM secretion.
Prussian Blue Nanozyme Normalizes Microenvironment to Delay Osteoporosis (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 19/2022)
Authors: Chenyi Ye, Wei Zhang, Yongzheng Zhao, Kai Zhang, Weiduo Hou, Mo Chen, Jinwei Lu, Jianrong Wu, Rongxin He, Wei Gao, Yuanyi Zheng, Xiaojun Cai
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)
A Systematic Study of Size Correlation and Young's Modulus Sensitivity for Cellular Mechanical Phenotyping by Microfluidic Approaches (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 19/2022)
Authors: Minhui Liang, Jianwei Zhong, Ye Ai
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Cellular Mechanical Phenotyping Cellular mechanical properties are a class of intrinsic biophysical markers for cell state and health. In article 2200628, Ye Ai and co-workers perform a systematic study to compare two types of microfluidic cellular mechanical phenotyping techniques, contactless hydro-stretching deformability cytometry, and contact constriction deformability cytometry, which provides guidance to choose the most suitable method for label-free single cell analysis applications.
Chondro‐Inductive b‐TPUe‐Based Functionalized Scaffolds for Application in Cartilage Tissue Engineering (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 19/2022)
Authors: Daniel Martínez‐Moreno, Desiré Venegas‐Bustos, Guillermo Rus, Patricia Gálvez‐Martín, Gema Jiménez, Juan Antonio Marchal
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Bioprinting In article 2200251 by Gema Jiménez, Juan Antonio Marchal and co-workers, a tissue graft made by a b-TPUe scaffold is modified with two methods based on 1-pyrene butyric acid (PBA) and Collagen type I. The two methods enhance the mesenchymal stem cell–biomaterial interactions and the improvement in chondro-inductive properties, which has a great potential for application in cartilage tissue engineering.
In Situ Surface‐Directed Assembly of 2D Metal Nanoplatelets for Drug‐Free Treatment of Antibiotic‐Resistant Bacteria (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 19/2022)
Authors: Parinaz Fathi, Ayman Roslend, Maha Alafeef, Parikshit Moitra, Ketan Dighe, Mandy B. Esch, Dipanjan Pan
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Antibacterials In article 2102567 by Dipanjan Pan and co-workers, a surface modification technique is used for the direct self-assembly of 2D copper nanoplatelets onto copper surfaces. These nanoplatelets exhibit antibacterial properties against multi-drug-resistant bacteria.
Regeneration of infarcted hearts by myocardial infarction-responsive injectable hydrogels with combined anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenesis properties
Authors: Cheng Hu, Wenqi Liu, Linyu Long, Zhicun Wang, Wen Zhang, Shuyi He, Lu Lu, Hongsong Fan, Li Yang, Yunbing Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)
The international consensus classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute Leukemias: myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Jürgen Thiele, Hans Michael Kvasnicka, Attilio Orazi, Umberto Gianelli, Naseema Gangat, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Tiziano Barbui, Daniel A. Arber, Ayalew Tefferi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2022)

A group of international experts, including hematopathologists, oncologists, and geneticists were recently summoned (September 2021, Chicago, IL, USA) to update the 2016/17 World Health Organization classification system for hematopoietic tumors. After careful deliberation, the group introduced the new International Consensus Classification (ICC) for Myeloid Neoplasms and Acute Leukemias. This current in-depth review focuses on the ICC-2022 category of JAK2 mutation-prevalent myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs): essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, primary myelofibrosis, and MPN, unclassifiable. The ICC MPN subcommittee chose to preserve the primary role of bone marrow morphology in disease classification and diagnostics, while also acknowledging the complementary role of genetic markers for establishing clonality, facilitating MPN subtype designation, and disease prognostication.
Antibody drug conjugates for the treatment of multiple myeloma
Authors: Sarah Leong, Ho Pui Jeff Lam, Zoe Kirkham, Rakesh Popat
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2022)

The treatment landscape of multiple myeloma (MM) has evolved substantially, but it remains largely incurable so new treatment options are required. Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are an emerging therapeutic class used in Cancer to deliver targeted therapy. ADCs are composed of three components, an antibody, a chemical linker and a payload which must be chosen carefully to be effective and safe. This alternative mechanism of action to standard treatments makes ADCs an attractive class for further development. However, several ADCs have been investigated but many have not moved further than phase 1 trials, highlighting the challenges in designing an effective and tolerable ADC. Belantamab Mafodotin is currently the only ADC licensed for MM although others are currently under evaluation. Belantamab Mafodotin demonstrated efficacy as monotherapy in triple class exposed patients and combinations are under development which maintain safety with encouraging efficacy particularly at earlier lines of therapy. Retaining an acceptable adverse event profile for ADCs remains vital for their success. Strategies to mitigate ocular events for Belantamab Mafodotin involve lower and less frequent dosing as well as the use of gamma secretase inhibitors. The optimal sequencing of ADCs within the treatment pathway including novel immunotherapies is now under evaluation.
A comparative characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells induced by mRNA or inactive virus COVID-19 vaccines
Authors: Joey Ming Er Lim, Shou Kit Hang, Smrithi Hariharaputran, Adeline Chia, Nicole Tan, Eng Sing Lee, Edwin Chng, Poh Lian Lim, Barnaby E. Young, David Chien Lye, Nina Le Bert, Antonio Bertoletti, Anthony T. Tan
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2022)

Unlike mRNA vaccines based only on the spike protein, inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines should induce a diversified T cell response recognizing distinct structural proteins. Here, we perform a comparative analysis of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in healthy individuals following vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 or mRNA vaccines. Relative to spike mRNA vaccination, inactivated vaccines elicit a lower magnitude of spike-specific T cells, but the combination of membrane, nucleoprotein, and spike-specific T cell response is quantitatively comparable with the sole spike T cell response induced by mRNA vaccine, and they efficiently tolerate the mutations characterizing the Omicron lineage. However, this multi-protein-specific T cell response is not mediated by a coordinated CD4 and CD8 T cell expansion but by selective priming of CD4 T cells. These findings can help in understanding the role of CD4 and CD8 T cells in the efficacy of the different vaccines to control severe COVID-19 after Omicron infection.