tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expanding Options in Radiation Oncology: Neutron Beam Therapy
Authors: Lionel Cohen
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1982)

Twelve years' experience with neutron beam therapy in Britain, the USA, Europe and Japan shows that local control is achievable in late-stage epidermoid cancer somewhat more frequently than with conventional radiotherapy. Tumours reputed to be radioresistant (salivary gland, bladder, rectosigmoid, melanoma, bone and soft-tissue sarcomas) have proved to be particularly responsive to neutrons. Pilot studies in brain and pancreatic tumours suggest promising new approaches to management of cancer in these sites. The availability of neutron therapy in the clinical environment opens new prospects for irradiation of 'radioresistant' tumours, permits more conservative cancer surgery, expands the use of elective chemotherapy and provides a wider range of options for cancer patients.
The Ancillary Services Review Program in Massachusetts
Authors: Robert A. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In 1982, a pilot program to review the use of ancillary services in 25 hospitals was implemented in Massachusetts. The program analyzed hospital claims data to generate statistical models of ancillary use. Hospitals where the model demonstrated substantially higher use were subjected to clinical review. For laboratory services, three of the four hospitals reviewed were found to have more than 30% inappropriate use of selected tests, compared with approximately 20% in other hospitals. For cardiac services, three hospitals were each found to have more than 30% inappropriate use of selected tests, compared with 16% in other hospitals. When informed of these results, five of the six hospitals used them to develop plans of corrective action. Based on the pilot program, a review of ancillary services began in all Massachusetts hospitals in 1983. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:1727-1732)
A 76-Year-Old Man With a Five-Day History of Painful Swelling of the Right Hand
Authors: Judith M. Aronchick
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>History</h3> A 76-year-old man had a five-day history of painful swelling of the right hand. During the past four years, he had had similar episodes responding to short-term indomethacin (Indocin) therapy. On admission, his temperature was 37.9 °C. His right hand was swollen, erythematous, and tender, with pitting edema of the dorsum of the hand and sausage-shaped digits. The right elbow demonstrated decreased motion, with tenderness and erythema around the lateral epicondyle. (The results of relevant laboratory studies are withheld.) Radiological studies of the right hand and wrist were obtained (Figs 1 and 2). These demonstrated periarticular calcifications around the second, third, and fourth metacarpophalangeal joints, linear calcification between the radius and scaphoid and radius and lunate, and dense punctate calcification in the triangular fibrocartilage (between the ulnar styloid process and the distal radioulnar articulation) (Fig 1). The right elbow showed periarticular calcification and calcification in the hyaline cartilage of
Primary Culture and Serial Passage of Normal and Carcinogen-Treated Rat Mammary Epithelial Cells In Vitro&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Ethier, Stephen P.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Journal Article Primary Culture and Serial Passage of Normal and Carcinogen-Treated Rat Mammary Epithelial Cells In Vitro Get access Stephen P. Ethier Stephen P. Ethier Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 74, Issue 6, June 1985, Pages 1307–1318, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/74.6.1307 Published: 01 June 1985 Article history Received: 17 October 1984 Accepted: 25 February 1985 Published: 01 June 1985
Unusual Cause of Nonopacification of the Gallbladder During Oral Cholecystography
Authors: Richard F. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>History</h3> An 88-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a 27-kg weight loss during a one-year period and pain in the right upper quadrant and epigastrium. She denied dysphagia, vomiting, or melena. She complained of easy fatigability and malaise and had hypochromic normocytic anemia. A two-day oral cholecystogram resulted in nonvisualization of the gallbladder. On the second day, a chest roentgenogram was obtained and an upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract series was performed (Fig 1 and 2). <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Esophageal carcinoma causing total obstruction of the esophagus. <h3>Comment</h3> The arrows in Fig 1 point to the iopanoic acid tablets that are trapped in the esophagus. Figure 2 shows total obstruction of the midesophagus by a carcinoma. Note the excessive secretions and contrast material above the lesion. As a result of the obstruction, the iopanoic acid tablets never reached the small intestine to be broken down and then conjugated by the
Serial Ultrasonography to Assess Evolving Fetal Macrosomia
Authors: Edward S. Ogata
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Serial ultrasound estimates of fetal biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference were used as differential indices of intrauterine growth of insulin-insensitive and insulin-sensitive structures, respectively, in 23 White's classes A to C diabetic women. Biparietal diameter in all fetuses conformed to growth patterns for fetuses of nondiabetic mothers. However, two patterns were noted for abdominal circumference. Normal increases occurred in 13 fetuses; in the remaining ten, growth of abdominal circumference exceeded upper normal limits from weeks 28 to 32 of gestation onward. This latter group with putative "accelerated somatic growth" in utero had more immunoreactive insulin in amniotic fluid, weighed more at birth, and had more subcutaneous fat. Serial differential ultrasonography may be useful for detecting evolving macrosomia in diabetic pregnancies, and fetal insulin or insulin-like principles may contribute to the macrosomia. (<i>JAMA</i>243:2405-2408, 1980)
On the Second Sound and Murmur of the Heart and Great Vessels, in their Relation to Diagnosis
Authors: J. Cockle
Journal: BMJ (1857)

irritation, etc.; but at the same time we remember the origin of the congestion in disordered function of the kidney, and we immediately endeavour to ease the labouring organ through the mediumu of the skin and of the bowels; indeed, the latter branch of the treatment may not unfrequently render the former either entirely unnecessary, or required to a much less extent.It only remains that I justify the assertion, that the condition of the k;idneys, in patients who are suffering from the disease in question, is such as to have involved an unnatural state of their function.Such justification must be gained from the history of the patients.I think I may safely assert, that when- ever a cause has been fairly made out, it is such as must bear directly upon the function of the kidneys; thus in the forms of acute dropsy, the sudden suppression of the cutaneous, and possibly in soene cases, of other secretions, makes a sudden and unnatural demand upon the kidneys.In cases of scarlatina, of clholera, of typlhus, we have the element of sudden admixture of poison with the blood, in addition, in many cases at least, to untfavourable influences acting upon the skin; disorder of the
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)

Fibroblasts Regulate Estrogen Response in ER þ Breast Cancer Antiendocrine therapy remains the most effective treatment for ER þ breast cancer, but development of resistance is a major clinical complication.Attempts to uncover and therapeutically target mechanisms of antiendocrine resistance have focused mainly on tumor-intrinsic traits.Brechbuhl and colleagues identify two subtypes of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) based on their CD146 expression.The authors show that CAF subtypes differentially contrib-ute to tumoral ER expression and tamoxifen sensitivity.CD146 À CAFs enforce ER-independent growth and mediate tamoxifen resistance by activating receptor tyrosine kinase pathways.Additionally, the CAF subtypes predict treatment response and patient outcomes.These findings have clinical implications that could influence personalized care and support a direct role for the tumor microenvironment in modulating response to antiendocrine therapy.&
Preoperative Assessment and Staging of Breast Cancer: Preliminary Communication
Authors: A P M Forrest, R B Black, V Humeniuk, E L M Cant, R A Hawkins, R J Prescott, M M Roberts, A A Shivas, H J Stewart, A F Smith, M Sumerling
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1980)

A prospective study has been carried out in 172 women to determine the sensitivity of methods to detect occult metastatic disease in the skeleton and liver. With the exception of bone scintiscans, the results of these tests bore little relationship to recurrence rates. On the other hand, knowledge of the histopathology of the lower axillary (pectoral) lymph nodes is of value in this respect. A follow-up study is also reported which confirms the importance of accurate measurements of the primary tumour clinical node status and oestrogen receptor contact of the tumour in defining prognostic groups. Elastosis (estimated in 165 tumours) did not prove to be a useful prognostic index.
Fellowships, Grants, Awards
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Fellowships, Grants, Awards Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 16, August 1993, Pages 1350–1352, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.16.1350 Published: 01 August 1993
The Pharmacology of Disordered Sleep
Authors: William W. K. Zung
Journal: JAMA (1970)

This presentation is a synthesis based upon knowledge and hypotheses from several areas of science in an attempt to further relate drug action and sleep disturbance. It is hoped that this approach may lead us to a rational basis for the treatment of various states of disordered sleep. <h3>What Sleep Disturbances Are Present in Clinical Disorders?</h3> Insomnia is a symptomatic complaint and its presence, type, and severity can only be determined individually by actual laboratory all-night studies. The main finding associated with anxiety states clinically and in the laboratory is the difficulty in falling asleep. A review of the sleep of schizophrenics indicated that sleep problems are minimal in this disorder. This is in contrast with depressive disorders in which sleep disturbance is a cardinal symptom of the illness. The results of Fig 1 are based upon data obtained from laboratory studies using all-night electroencephalographic and electro-oculographic recordings of sleeping
Histopathology of Tumor Regression After Intralesional Injection of &lt;italic&gt;Mycobacterium bovis&lt;/italic&gt;. I. Tumor Growth and Metastasis&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Journal Article Histopathology of Tumor Regression After Intralesional Injection of Mycobacterium bovis. I. Tumor Growth and Metastasis Get access M. G. Hanno, Jr., M. G. Hanno, Jr. Carcinogenesis Program, Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830; and Biology Branch, Carcinogenesis Program, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. Zbar, B. Zbar Carcinogenesis Program, Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830; and Biology Branch, Carcinogenesis Program, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. J. Rapp H. J. Rapp Carcinogenesis Program, Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830; and Biology Branch, Carcinogenesis Program, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 48, Issue 5, May 1972, Pages 1441–1455, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/48.5.1441 Published: 01 May 1972 Article history Received: 16 November 1971 Accepted: 28 January 1972 Published: 01 May 1972
The importance of thrombus organization and stellate cell phenotype in collagen I gene expression in human, coronary atherosclerotic and restenotic lesions
Authors: M. D. Rekhter, E. O'Brien, N. Shah, S. M. Schwartz, J. B. Simpson, D. Gordon
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Objectives: Collagen synthesis is one of the major mechanisms of primary atherosclerotic plaque growth and is likely to be similarly important in restenosis. The patterns of collagen gene expression in human restenosis and associations with thrombosis/hemorrhage have not been described.Methods: Using human coronary artery samples obtained via the atherectomy catheter, we compared primary plaques (40 specimens) and restenotic lesions (41 specimens) for type I collagen gene expression using immunocytochemistry (SPI.D8 antibody to type I procollagen, an intracellular precursor of mature collagen) with subsequent computer image analysis.Results: Scattered positive cells were identified in specific, non-random patterns. According to logistic regression analyses, type I procollagen gene expression seems to be more closely associated with certain morphological features (organized thrombus, microvessels, regions enriched with stellate cells) than with belonging to a primary vs. a restenotic sample. However, there may be a tendency for restenotic tissue to have slightly higher numbers of type I procollagen-positive cells than primary lesion tissue.Conclusions: Symptomatic primary and restenotic lesions exhibit similar patterns of type I collagen gene expression. Plaque microvessels and thrombi/hemorrhages (common features of both kinds of advanced lesions) might stimulate collagen synthesis equally well irrelevant to the nature of the lesion.
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 16, 16 August 1989, Pages 1216–1217, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.16.1216 Published: 16 August 1989
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Altered eIF2a Signaling Turns on Advantageous AutophagyWengrod and colleagues reveal that cross-talk between mTOR and GCN2 (EIF2AK4) signaling is conserved from yeast to mammals and is defective in melanoma.Rapamycin inhibits mTOR, activating the PP6C phosphatase.PP6C (PPP6C), in turn, dephosphorylates and activates GCN2, an eIF2a kinase that senses amino acid deficiency through binding to uncharged tRNA.GCN2 activation allows for efficient induction of autophagy during amino acid deprivation that could not be achieved simply by inhibiting mTOR.Interestingly, 10% of melanomas have PP6C mutations.The authors show that the mutant PP6C allele was rapidly degraded, stabilizing or delaying degradation of the wild-type PP6C allele, leading to constitutive activation of GCN2 and eIF2a-dependent induction of autophagy.These changes rendered melanoma cells insensitive to mTOR inhibitors, allowing cells to survive mTOR pathway blockade and/or to survive in nonpropitious microenvironments.(Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.)
Are All Health Plans Created Equal?
Authors: Steven J. Borowsky
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Context.</h3> —The health care market is demanding increasing amounts of information regarding quality of care in health plans. Physicians are a potentially important but infrequently used source of such information. <h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess physicians' views on health plan practices that promote or impede delivery of high-quality care in health plans and to compare ratings between plans. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Minneapolis-St Paul, Minn. <h3>Participants.</h3> —One hundred physicians in each of 3 health plans. Each physician rated 1 health plan. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Likert-type items that assessed health plan practices that promote or impede delivery of high-quality care. <h3>Results.</h3> —A total of 249 physicians (84%) completed the survey. Fewer than 20% of all physicians gave plans the highest rating (excellent or strongly agree) for health plan practices that promote delivery of high-quality care (such as providing continuing medical education for physicians, identifying patients needing preventive care, and providing physicians feedback about practice patterns). Barriers to delivering high-quality care related to sufficiency of time to spend with patients, covered benefits and copayment structure, and utilization management practices. Ratings differed across health plans. For example, the percentage of physicians indicating that they would recommend the plan they rated to their own family was 64% for plan 1, 92% for plan 2, and 24% for plan 3 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001 for all comparisons). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Physician surveys can highlight strengths and weaknesses in health plans, and their ratings differ across plans. Physician ratings of health plan practices that promote or impede delivery of high-quality care may be useful to consumers and purchasers of health care as a tool to evaluate health plans and promote quality improvement.
Diseases of the Skin and the Eruptive Fevers.
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hormonal Contraception.
Authors: A N Poskalenko
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

This is a general review of the types of steroid contraceptives, their mode of action and efficacy, and major complications, including thromboembolism, cancer, jaundice, diabetes and hypertension. Tables show combined and sequential pills available in Belgium, by brand name, manufacturer, and composition. About 300,000 Belgian women use the pill. Since endometrial cancer is probably, and cervical cancer certainly, not enhanced by the pill, the maternal death rate among pill users is about 5% of the rate among unprotected sexually active women.
The Legal and Scientific Basis for FDA's Assertion of Jurisdiction Over Cigarettes and Smokeless Tobacco
Authors: David A. Kessler
Journal: JAMA (1997)

On August 28,1996, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) asserted jurisdiction over cigarettes and smokeless tobacco under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Under this Act, a product is a "drug" or "device" subject to FDA jurisdiction if it is "intended to affect the structure or any function of the body." The FDA determined that nicotine in cigarettes and smokeless tobacco does "affect the structure or any function of the body" because nicotine causes addiction and other pharmacological effects. The FDA then determined that these pharmacological effects are "intended" because (1) a scientific consensus has emerged that nicotine is addictive; (2) recent studies have shown that most consumers use cigarettes and smokeless tobacco for pharmacological purposes, including satisfying their addiction to nicotine; and (3) newly disclosed evidence from the tobacco manufacturers has revealed that the manufacturers know that nicotine causes pharmacological effects, including addiction, and design their products to provide pharmacologically active doses of nicotine. The FDA thus concluded that cigarettes and smokeless tobacco are subject to FDA jurisdiction because they contain a "drug," nicotine, and a "device" for delivering this drug to the body.
Simulacra of Bartter's Syndrome
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A recent issue of<i>Nephron</i>(23:57-58, 1979) pays tribute to Dr Frederick Crosby Bartter on the occasion of his retirement, after 27 years of service as Chief of Endocrinology Section of the National Heart Institute, to become Chief of Staff for Research at the Veterans Administration Hospital in San Antonio, Tex. The issue features a symposium on hypertension and sodium and mineral metabolism—areas of research to which Bartter contributed generously over the years. Although Bartter's contributions are spread widely over the vast field of hormonal-renal-body fluid interrelations, he is best known for the syndrome that bears his name. Characterized by hypokalemic alkalosis, severe hyperreninemia, secondary aldosteronism, normotension, unresponsiveness to angiotensin, and juxtaglomerular hyperplasia, the syndrome traces its proximal cause to defective chloride reabsorption in the ascending limb of Henle's loop (distal fractional chloride reabsorption of 0.4±0.08, as contrasted with the normal 0.92±0.04). Despite the more than a quarter of a
The Principles of Surgery and Surgical Pathology. General Rules Governing Operations and the Application of Dressings.
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal