tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Protecting Reproductive Health and the Environment: Toxics Use Reduction
Authors: Kenneth Geiser
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Toxics use reduction is a new chemical hazard management approach that has emerged in several state laws over the past years.While toxics use reduction has been promoted as a means of preventing environmental pollution, little thought has been given to its adoption as a means of managing reproductive hazards.This paper provides illustrations of use reduction approaches to conventionally recognized reproductive and developmental toxicants.These approaches will require the opening of a new dialogue between industrial designers and process managers and those most concerned about reproductive health.Several different strategies are proposed that might be adopted into state programs for promoting reduction in the use of reproductive and developmental toxicants.
Carcinogenesis: A Late Effect of Irreversible Toxic Damage during Development
Authors: Jerry M. Rice
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Intrauterine and early postnatal life are periods of exceptionally high susceptibility to certain kinds of chemical carcinogens. The most potent known transplacental carcinogens are direct acting alkylating agents. Most nonreactive compounds, which require enzymes for metabolic conversion into chemically reactive “proximate carcinogens,” are less effective because the required enzymes are present at low levels in the fetus, and many proximate carcinogens are too reactive to reach the fetus when formed in maternal tissues. Despite this, many carcinogens which require metabolic activation are very active transplancentally, as the intrinsic susceptibility of rapidly dividing fetal cells compensates effectively for comparatively low tissue levels of reactive metabolites. Transplacental carcinogens of all kinds are most effective late in gestation, generally after organogenesis has begun and after the period of greatest susceptibility to teratogens. Only a small number of known carcinogens have been tested for transplacental carcinogenic activity. The great majority of tumors induced transplacentally in the well-studied rodent and lagomorph species (mouse, rat, Syrian hamster, and rabbit) have morphologic features of adult, rather than embryonal, tissues. A given agent tends to induce in a given species largely the same types of tumor when given transplacentally as when administered directly to postweaning animals, unless its carcinogenic effect in the latter is ascribable to some peculiarity of distribution, metabolism, or physiology. In a second species, the spectrum of tumors induced either before of after birth may be quite different. For bioassay of suspected carcinogens, the significance of perinatal carcinogenesis lies in the facts that the fetal and preweaning rodent is an extremely sensitive indicator of carcinogenic activity, and that the facile adaptibility of fetal cells to tissue culture and their rapid expression in vitro of properties of neoplastic transformation make possible a rapid in vivo/in vitro screening system for chemical carcinogens.
THE ETIOLOGY OF TRACHOMA
Authors: Hideyo Noguchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

The experimental chronic granular conjunctivitis first induced in Macacus rhesus with pure cultures of Bacterium granulosis, has been transferred by direct tissue passage to the chimpanzee, baboon, and to other Macacus rhesus through at least 4 successive passages. This experimental chronic granular conjunctivitis preserved the clinical and histological characters throughout the several passages, and the lesions have been shown to be infective as early as 17 and as late as 204 days after the original culture inoculation. Bacterium granulosis can be recovered from the inoculated animals and has been found in microscopic specimens of human and monkey tissues. The great difficulty of its recovery in culture and its demonstration in sections of tissues and in films is not necessarily an indication of its absence from the lesions. The methods employed to recover or to find the organism may not be the most favorable to be discovered. No other microorganism obtained from the human cases of trachoma produces in animals effects comparable to those induced by Bacterium granulosis. In the absence, therefore, of indications to the contrary, we may consider that in Bacterium granulosis we have the inciting microorganism of trachoma in man and its equivalent, granular conjunctivitis in monkeys.
Kaposi's sarcoma, vascular permeability, and scientific integrity
Authors: A. Albini
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The Brief Report by Dr Witte and colleagues<sup>1</sup>states that using the method described by Nakamura et al<sup>2</sup>the authors were not able to reproduce the data on KS cell-induced vascular permeability. While I have not personally used the method of EB dye injection,<sup>2</sup>I found several flaws in the report of Witte et al that make me think they are more interested in raising a turmoil than in obtaining useful scientific data. The fact that KS cell products induce neovascularization with leaky, hemorrhagic vessels has been recently confirmed by us, independently from Dr Nakamura's and Dr Gallo's laboratories, using a different approach.<sup>3</sup>Since in a previous article Salahuddin et al<sup>4</sup>showed that a KS-like lesion rich in endothelial cells was induced by subcutaneous injection of KS "spindle" cells, with an apparent nonendothelial phenotype, the hypothesis of endothelial cell recruitment by KS
Sarcoidosis presenting as multiple pulmonary nodules
Authors: B. Dhakhwa
Journal: JAMA (1976)

CHEST roentgenograms of patients with sarcoidosis vary from hilar adenopathy to diffuse parenchymal involvement of the lung. We report an unusual pulmonary nodular form of sarcoidosis that was confirmed histologically by transbronchial lung biopsy specimens. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 26-year-old woman was admitted to Saint Michael's Medical Center because of weight loss, fatigue, and night sweats of three months' duration. Four weeks prior to admission, she complained of a productive cough accompanied by chest pain. She also noticed pain in her ankles associated with transient nodules on the anterior surfaces of her legs. A purified protein derivative (PPD) (five tuberculin units) three months prior to her admission was reportedly negative. Because of the persistence of weight loss and fever, she was admitted for evaluation. On physical examination, she was found to have a pulse of 90 beats per minute at rest and a temperature of 38 C. No serious
Clarifications to Measures, Analyses, and Findings in Trial of Stellate Ganglion Block Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2020)

Kristine L. Rae Olmsted, MSPH; Michael Bartoszek, MD; Sean Mulvaney, MD; Brian McLean, MD; Ali Turabi, MD; Ryan Young, MD; Eugene Kim, MD; Russ Vandermaas-Peeler, MS; Jessica Kelley Morgan, PhD; Octav Constantinescu, MD; Shawn Kane, MD; Cuong Nguyen, MD; Shawn Hirsch, MPH; Breda Munoz, PhD; Dennis Wallace, PhD; Julie Croxford, BSN, MPH; James H. Lynch, MD; Ronald White, MD; Bradford B. Walters, MD, PhD
THE RATE OF ABSORPTION FROM INTRAMUSCULAR TISSUE.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Molecular and Cellular Basis of the Mammary Gland Susceptibility to Carcinogenesis
Authors: Jose Russo, Lee K. Tay, Daniel R. Ciocca, Irma H. Russo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Mammary carcinomas induced by the administration of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) to young virgin rats arise from undifferentiated terminal ductal structures called terminal end buds (TEBs). TEBs that normally differentiate into alveolar buds (ABs) and lobules under the influence of DMBA develop intraductal proliferations which progress to carcinoma. The high susceptibility of the young virgin rat TEBs to neoplastic transformation is due to its large proliferative compartment, with cells cycling every 10 hr, and to a higher 3H-DMBA uptake. Progressive differentiation of TEBs into ABs and lobules or their regression to terminal ducts (TDs) is seen with aging. Complete differentiation of the gland is attained only through pregnancy and lactation. The greater differentiation of the gland is manifested as permanent structural changes, consisting in the disappearance of TEBs and in a diminution of the number of TDs due to their differentiation into ABs and lobules. This greater differentiation results in a diminished or total refractoriness of the gland to the carcinogen because ABs and lobules have a lower proliferative compartment and a longer cell cycle than TEBs and TDs. Cells of parous rats have both in vivo and in vitro a lower DMBA-DNA binding capacity, a lower DNA synthesis and a greater ability to repair DMBA damaged DNA than cells of young virgin rats. The more efficient DNA repair capacity of the parous rat mammary gland is demonstrated by the induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis and a removal of DMBA-DNA adducts.
The Surgeon-Generals of the Army of the United States of America. A Series of Biographical Sketches of the Senior Officers of the Military Medical Service from the American Revolution to the Philippine Pacification.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Increased Psychopathology and Maladaptive Personality Traits, But Normal Cognitive Functioning, In Patients after Long-Term Cure of Acromegaly
Authors: Jitske Tiemensma, Nienke R. Biermasz, Roos C. van der Mast, Moniek J. E. Wassenaar, Huub A. M. Middelkoop, Alberto M. Pereira, Johannes A. Romijn
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

ABSTRACT Objective Active acromegaly is associated with psychopathology, personality changes, and cognitive dysfunction. It is unknown whether, and to what extent, these effects are present after long-term cure of acromegaly. Aim The aim of the study was to assess psychopathology, personality traits, and cognitive function in patients after long-term cure of acromegaly. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Patients and Methods We studied 68 patients after long-term cure (13 ± 1 yr) of acromegaly and 68 matched controls. We compared these data with 60 patients treated for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas (NFMAs) and 60 matched controls. Psychopathology was assessed using the Apathy Scale, Irritability Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire short-form and personality by the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology short-form (DAPP). Cognitive function was assessed by 11 tests. Results Compared with matched controls, patients cured from acromegaly scored significantly worse on virtually all psychopathology questionnaires and on several subscales of the DAPP. Compared with NFMA patients, patients cured from acromegaly scored worse on negative affect (P = 0.050) and somatic arousal (P = 0.009) and seven of 18 subscales of the DAPP (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Cognitive function in patients cured from acromegaly did not differ from matched controls or patients treated for NFMA. Conclusion Patients with long-term cure of acromegaly show a higher prevalence of psychopathology and maladaptive personality traits but not cognitive dysfunction, compared with matched controls and patients treated for NFMA. These results suggest irreversible effects of previous GH excess, rather than effects of pituitary adenomas per se and/or their treatment, on the central nervous system.
Polymorphism of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase genes and alcoholic cirrhosis in Chinese patients
Authors: Y Chao
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), the principal enzymes responsible for the oxidation of ethanol, are polymorphic at the ADH2, ADH3 and ALDH2 loci in human beings. Our previous studies have shown that, compared with nonalcoholic individuals, Chinese alcoholic patients without liver disease had significantly lower frequencies of the ADH2*2 and ADH3*1 alleles, which encode high maximum velocity β2- and γ1-ADH subunits, respectively, as well as a lower frequency of the ALDH2*2 allele, which encodes an enzymatically inactive subunit. The data strongly suggest that genetic variation in both ADH and ALDH may influence drinking behavior and the risk of alcoholism developing through acetaldehyde formation. To further investigate the possible role of acetaldehyde in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease, we determined the ADH and ALDH genotype frequencies in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis (n = 27), viral hepatitis-related cirrhosis (n = 29) and gastric and duodenal ulcer without relevance to alcohol (n = 30). We developed a new restriction fragment length polymorphism method to genotype the mutant and normal ALDH2 alleles by using polymerase chain reaction–directed mutagenesis, which proved to be simpler and faster than the conventional detection methods that use hybridization with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. We found that the frequencies of the alleles ADH2*2 (57), ADH3*1 (78) and ALDH2*2 (9) in the alcoholic cirrhotic patients were significantly lower than those in the healthy controls and in the patients with cirrhosis from viral hepatitis and with gastric and duodenal ulcer. No significant differences in the allele frequencies of these three genes between the alcoholic cirrhotic patients and the alcohol-dependent subjects without severe liver injury were found, although the alcoholic cirrhosis group tended to have a higher incidence of ALDH2*1/*2 heterozygotes (5 of 27) than did the alcohol-dependent group (6 of 50). The results confirm previous studies that the ADH2*2, ADH3*1 and ALDH2*2 genes can affect predisposition to alcoholism in Chinese patients and suggest that the mutant ALDH2*2 gene may influence susceptibility to alcoholic cirrhosis. (Hepatology 1994;19:360–366).
Physicians Attending AMA Meeting To Hear Of Research Developments in Five Areas
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CIRCULATING LEVELS OF PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE SUBTILISIN/KEXIN TYPE 9 (PCSK-9) ARE ASSOCIATED WITH MONOCYTE SUBSETS IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Konstantin A. Krychtiuk, Max Lenz, Stefan Kastl, Stefan Pfaffenberger, Sebastian Hofbauer, Mira Brekalo, Kurt Huber, Christian Hengstenberg, Johann Wojta, Walter S. Speidl
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Ethical issues in managed care. Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, American Medical Association
Authors: John Glasson, Charles W. Plows, Oscar W. Clarke, Victoria Ruff, Drew Fuller, Craig H. Kliger, George T. Wilkins, James H. Cosgriff, Robert M. Tenery, Kirk B. Johnson, David Orentlicher, Karey M. Harwood, Jeff Leslie
Journal: JAMA (1995)

A PRIMARY concern of medical ethicists for some time has been the absence of any meaningful analysis of the impact of health care delivery marketplace changes and current legislative reforms on the essential tenets of the physician-patient relationship. Although President Clinton's original reform proposal addressed in broad terms the ethical imperatives supporting universal access, it left virtually unexamined the more fundamental question of the role of the physician in a reformed system in which the incentives are dramatically changed and budgets determine the amount of health care spending and services. See also pp 323 and 338. In June 1990, the Council issued a report, "Financial Incentives to Limit Care: Financial Implications for HMOs and IPAs,"<sup>1</sup>which described the financial incentives that managed care plans offer physicians to limit their provision of care. The report concluded that patient welfare must remain the first concern of physicians working in health maintenance
Erratum: Primary hepatocyte culture supports hepatitis C virus replication: A model for infection-associated hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Krishna Banaudha, Jan M. Orenstein, Tamara Korolnek, Georges C. St. Laurent, Takaji Wakita, Ajit Kumar
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

In the June 2010 issue of HEPATOLOGY, regarding the original article “Primary Hepatocyte Culture Supports Hepatitis C Virus Replication: A Model for Infection-Associated Hepatocarcinogenesis” (HEPATOLOGY 2010;51(6):1922-1932) by Banaudha et al., the authors wish to acknowledge the following persons: Acknowledgment: We thank Drs. Charles M. Rice (Rockefeller University) for the HCV-GFP wild type and polymerase mutant clones and the Huh-7.5 cell line; Jens Bukh and Suzanne Emerson (NIAID, NIH) for the HCV1a,1b, and 2a genomic clones; Robert Purcell (NIAID, NIH) and Michael Gale Jr. (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center) for helpful comments; Marcos Rojkind (George Washington University) does not wish to be acknowledged for the stellate cell line and valuable advice with the cocultures; Sita D. Gupta (USUHS) for valuable comments; and Sanjeev Gupta (Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY) for the stably transduced GFPCFSC- 8B cells. We thank Dr. Songchan Liang for help with the RPA experiment. DOI 10.1002/hep.24167
Echovirus as a Cause of Meningism
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Personal view
Authors: A. McCluskey
Journal: BMJ (1993)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease caused by multi-factors including colonic inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis. Previous studies have indicated that Celastrol (CSR) has strong anti-inflammatory and immune-inhibitory effects. Here, we investigated the effects of CSR on colonic inflammation and the mucosal immunity in an experimental colitis model, and addressed the mechanism by which CSR preforms the protective effect. We characterized the therapeutic effects and the potential mechanism of CSR in treating UC using histological staining, intestinal permeability assay, cytokine assay, flow cytometry, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), 16S rRNA sequencing, untargeted metabolomics, and cell differentiation approaches. CSR administration significantly ameliorated DSS-induced colitis, as evidenced by the recovery of body weight and colon length, decreased disease activity index (DAI) score, as well as decreased intestinal permeability. CSR down-regulated the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, upregulated the anti-inflammatory mediators, and improved the balances of Treg/Th1 and Treg/Th17 to maintain colonic immune homeostasis. However, the protective effects of CSR disappeared when the antibiotic cocktail was applied to deplete the gut microbiota, and the gut microbiota-mediated effect was confirmed by FMT. Furthermore, CSR treatment increased the gut microbiota diversity and composition, and raised the metabolic productions of pyruvate and adenosine, which probably involve in gut microbiota mediated protective effect. In conclusion, CSR ameliorates colonic inflammation in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. The underlying protective mechanism is associated with the rectified Treg/Th1 and Treg/Th17 balance, and increased pyruvate and adenosine production. The study provided the solid evidence that CSR might be a promising therapeutic drug for UC.