tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical Schools in the United States
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bacteriology in Neuropsychiatry: A Survey of Investigations Concerned with the Specific Role of Infectious and Immune Processes
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Leads from the MMWR. Condoms for prevention of sexually transmitted diseases
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diphtheria and Antitoxin.
Authors: J Kennedy Corss
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Outer Surface Protein A Lyme Vaccine
Authors: David Keller
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant outer surface lipoprotein A (OspA) Lyme vaccine in healthy adults. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Clinical research unit of a medical center. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Thirty-six healthy adult volunteers aged 18 through 65 years. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Volunteers were randomly assigned to receive two 10-μg doses of OspA Lyme vaccine, OspA Lyme vaccine adsorbed to alum, or a buffer placebo. Subjects in the OspA Lyme vaccine group received a third dose. Patients were assessed after each vaccination for a total follow-up period of 1 year. Serum samples for antibody determination were drawn at baseline, 2 and 3 weeks after dose 1, once per week for 4 weeks after dose 2, 20 weeks after dose 2, and 1 month after dose 3. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Local and systemic adverse reactions and antibody levels specific for OspA. <h3>Results.</h3> —The most common reactions were local pain and tenderness at the injection site. Adverse events did not increase following the second or third dose. Two doses of both vaccine formulations elicited high-titer antibodies that inhibited replication of<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>in vitro. No differences were noted in antibody levels elicited by the adsorbed and nonadsorbed formulations. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Two or three doses of OspA Lyme vaccine are safe and immunogenic in adults. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:1764-1768)
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Constitutive production of inflammatory cytokines is a characteristic of many human malignant cells in culture.However, the interdependence of these cytokines, and their significance to the in vivo tumor microenvironment, are both poorly understood.Kulbe and colleagues have described the ways in which 3 key cytokine/chemokine mediators of cancer-related inflammation, TNF-a, CXCL12, and interleukin (IL)-6, are involved in an autocrine cytokine network in human high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).The authors used gene expression profiling and tissue microarrays representing patients with HGSOC, as well as tissue from human tumor xenograft models to investigate the biologic significance of the TNF network.Their results reveal that these interrelated cytokines interact via paracrine mechanisms to regulate angiogenesis, infiltration of myeloid cells, and also Notch signaling in both murine xenografts and human tumor biopsies.Neutralizing antibodies or siRNA to individual members of the TNF network reduced angiogenesis, myeloid cell infiltration, Notch signaling, and experimental peritoneal ovarian tumor growth.The dependency of network genes on TNF was demonstrated by downregulation in tumor cells from patients with advanced ovarian cancer following infusion of anti-TNF antibodies.These findings define a network of inflammatory cytokines that are important to tumor growth, especially development of the tumor microenvironment, in HGSOC.Similarly, Maniati and colleagues have reported on an interaction between malignant cell inflammatory signaling and the Notch pathway in a genetic model of pancreatic cancer.Genetic deletion of TNF in pancreatic ductal epithelial cells reduced development of preinvasive PANIN lesions, the earliest stages of pancreatic cancers.Deletion of inhibitor of kB kinase 2 (IKK2), a component of the canonical NF-kB signaling pathway, significantly delayed pancreatic oncogenesis and progression to ductal adenocarcinomas.Cross-talk between TNF/NF-kB and the Notch signaling pathway suppressed anti-inflammatory mediators such as PPARg.The latter article, similar to that of Kulbe and colleagues, suggests that cancer-related inflammation has a substantial impact on constitutively active Notch signaling during cancer progression.Maniati and colleagues have also demonstrated that drugs with anti-inflammatory properties, such as rosiglitazone, are able to overcome this cross-talk and prevent disease progression.
The Therapeutic Effect of Chloroquine
Authors: Michael J. Kowertz
Journal: JAMA (1973)

In two patients, chloroquine induced the rapid remission of cutaneous manifestations of porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). This experience substantiates the findings of others. In addition, in these two patients, evidences of hepatic injury were arrested, and hepatic function, abnormal before treatment, returned to normal. This experience suggests a new concept of the relation of PCT to hepatic disease. Both the cutaneous and hepatic manifestations of PCT may result from a defect in certain hepatic cell mitochondria. Chloroquine may destroy selectively such abnormal organelles. This transient cellular insult, accompanied by extreme porphyrinemia, may induce the clinically observed "chloroquine reaction" that has led to the avoidance of this drug in the treatment of PCT. The reaction may be requisite to remission, rather than an "untoward side effect."
Mycosis fungoides with extracutaneous localization in the breast
Authors: L. H. JASPARS, P. BONNET, R. WILLEMZE, C. J. L. M. MEIJER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

We report a patient with mycosis fungoides (MF) and transformation to anaplastic (CD30+) lyrmphoma, who developed an unusual manifestation in the breast. Cutaneous and extracutaneous tumour cells both showed marked intraepithelial migration, but had distinct expression patterns of epitheliotropism-associated integrins. Intraepidermal and dermal lymphoma cells in the skin expressed most of the integrins that are presumed to he involved in epitheliotropism, such as leucocyte functional antigen-1 (LFA-1).α1β1,α3β1,α4β1, andã6β1. In the breast, most of the extraepithelial tumour cells only expressed the laminin-5 ligand α3β1 (strong) and the collagen ligand α3β1, (weak). However, on the intraepithelial tumour cells in the mammary ducts and glands LFA-1. α4 and αE could also be detected. In view of these findings we propose epitheliotropism of the MF cells in the breast to be a multistep process in which tumour cell-epithelial basement membrane (EBM) interaction, predominantly mediated by α3β1 and laminin-5. is the primary event. Adhesion to and subsequent infiltration of the neoplastic lymphoid cells into the EBM may, either directly or indirectly, lead to upregulation and/or activation of other integrins that amplify interaction with epithelial cells.
Graduate Medical Education
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Handbook of Scientific and Technical Societies and Institutions of the United States and Canada
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Urine Calcitonin Levels in Patients With Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: Kenneth L. Becker
Journal: JAMA (1980)

We demonstrated previously that high serum calcitonin values in bronchogenic carcinoma are useful clinically as a parameter of progress of the disease and response to therapy. After developing a procedure for the measurement of calcitonin in urine, we studied serum and urine levels in 41 patients with lung cancer, using both a carboxyl terminus and a midportion recognizing antiserum. In general, midportion antiserum was more useful. Urine calcitonin measurements alone were superior to serum in terms of numbers of patients having increased values with one or both antisera (76% vs 46%). When both antisera were used to assay both serum and urine, 90% of patients had abnormal values. Once a tissue diagnosis has been established, the radioimmunoassay of urinary calcitonin offers a new dimension to the utility of this hormone as a marker for bronchogenic carcinoma. (<i>JAMA</i>243:670-672, 1980)
The Learning Curve
Authors: Tom Sibert
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I appreciate the recent essay by Gaster<sup>1</sup>and the editorial response<sup>2</sup>concerning the learning curve involved in new procedures such as laparoscopic cholecystectomies. The response by Hatlie<sup>2</sup>in examining the potential liability incurred in the learning of this procedure was informative. Nevertheless, there is another area of this particular issue that has been left unexplored and contributes both to the problem and its potential solution. The certification of various procedures throughout the medical field is not generally subject to peer review or evaluation by medical educators. Certification, in fact, can often be assumed at random by any group that wishes to assume it. If the course in which the procedure is taught is certified for continuing medical education credit, then at least there will have been review by the local body accredited to approve programming of this sort. Nevertheless, postgraduate medical education in this
Implementation of the Ottawa Knee Rule for the Use of Radiography in Acute Knee Injuries
Authors: Ian G. Stiell
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Context.</h3> —The Ottawa Knee Rule is a previously validated clinical decision rule that was developed to allow physicians to be more selective and efficient in their use of plain radiography for patients with acute knee injuries. <h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the impact on clinical practice of implementing the Ottawa Knee Rule. <h3>Design.</h3> —Controlled clinical trial with before-after and concurrent controls. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Emergency departments of 2 teaching and 2 community hospitals. <h3>Patients.</h3> —All 3907 consecutive eligible adults seen with acute knee injuries during two 12-month periods before and after the intervention. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —During the after period in the 2 intervention hospitals, the Ottawa Knee Rule was taught to all house staff and attending physicians who were encouraged to order knee radiography according to the rule. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Referral for knee radiography, accuracy and reliability of the rule, mean time in emergency department, and mean charges. <h3>Results.</h3> —There was a relative reduction of 26.4% in the proportion of patients referred for knee radiography in the intervention group (77.6% vs 57.1%;<i>P</i>&lt;.001), but a relative reduction of only 1.3% in the control group (76.9% vs 75.9%;<i>P</i>=.60). These changes over time were significant when the intervention and control groups were compared (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). The rule was found to have a sensitivity of 1.0 (95% confidence interval [Cl], 0.94-1.0) for detecting 58 knee fractures. The κ coefficient for interpretation of the rule was 0.91 (95% Cl, 0.82-1.0). Compared with nonfracture patients who underwent radiography during the after-intervention period, those discharged without radiography spent less time in the emergency department (85.7 minutes vs 118.8 minutes) and incurred lower estimated total medical charges for physician visits and radiography (US $80 vs US $183). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Implementation of the Ottawa Knee Rule led to a decrease in use of knee radiography without patient dissatisfaction or missed fractures and was associated with reduced waiting times and costs. Widespread use of the rule could lead to important health care savings without jeopardizing patient care.
<i>Crataegus oxyacantha</i> and Heart Failure
Authors: Amnon Gildor
Journal: Circulation (1998)

The statement on "Phytochemicals and Cardiovascular Disease" published in the June 3, 1997, issue of Circulation 1 focuses attention on the vast therapeutic possibilities found in plants.One of the 3 groups of substances mentioned, the flavonoids, is found in great abundance in standardized special extracts of Hawthorn leaves with flowers.This extract has been studied extensively in Germany and is currently being used as a treatment modality in NYHA class II heart failure.Clinical studies (double-blind and placebo controlled) have been published in German and other languages 2,3 along with pharmacological and chemical studies.In a recent article, 4 136 patients (NYHA class II heart failure) were randomized (double-blind) to either 160 mg Hawthorn special extract WS 1442 per day or placebo.The difference between the pressure/heart rate product (PHRP) at a 50-W load versus rest was measured before and after treatment, and the change in this parameter was defined as the primary target parameter.The group receiving active medication showed a significant improvement in the PHRP, whereas, in the placebo group, this parameter tended to deteriorate.Other surrogate parameters (patients' subjective assessment of symptoms and quality of life) also improved.The medication was excellently tolerated.The cardioprotective qualities of Hawthorn extract WS 1442 have been demonstrated by Krzeminski and Chatterjee. 5 They used the ischemia/reperfusion model in 2 groups of rats, 1 receiving 100 mg ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐ d Ϫ1 of the standardized Hawthorn extract WS 1442 orally for 6 days before induction of ischemia and the other serving as a control group.Active treatment effectively protected the animals from reperfusion-induced arrhythmia, mortality, and hypotensive crisis, as observed in the control animals after 7 minutes of coronary occlusion.A better understanding of the pharmacological working principles of WS 1442 is offered by Chatterjee et al. 6 They fractionated the Hawthorn extract and demonstrated that a subgroup of the flavonoids, namely, the oligomeric procyanidins, possess potent radical scavenging and human neutrophil elastase inhibitory activities.Further research is being carried out with this special Hawthorn extract to investigate its pharmacological properties and its clinical significance, not only in early but also in advanced stages of heart failure and for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Selenium
Authors: Leonard T. Kurland
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Kilness and Hochberg reported a cluster of four cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in one South Dakota county (population 4,060) over a ten-year period and suggested that this might be related to the high selenium content of the local soil. Little is known about the cause of ALS, and any possible leads are welcome. However, a more thorough review of the literature and a more careful analysis of their data might have led to a more cautious statement than the one that has engendered deep concern in the local population and other populations where the soil contains relatively large concentrations of selenium (<i>Rochester Post Bulletin</i>, July 6, 1977, p 21). The average annual incidence rate for ALS in the United States is about 1.6 per 100,000 population1; thus, about 0.6 cases would be expected in the county over the ten-year period if the age and sex
Abnormal ATP turnover in rat leg muscle during exercise and recovery following myocardial infarction
Authors: C. Thompson, G. Kemp, B Rajagopalan, G. Radda
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Objective: Clinical and animal studies show increased acidification of skeletal muscle during exercise in heart failure, implying increased anaerobic metabolism, and impaired recovery from exercise, implying defective oxidative function. This study aimed to define the quantitative relationship between these changes in exercise and recovery and relate skeletal muscle bioenergetics to cardiovascular function. Methods: Wistar rats were studied four weeks after myocardial infarction or a sham operation. 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the hind leg muscle was used to estimate rates of oxidative and non-oxidative ATP synthesis from changes in pH and phosphocreatine concentration during sciatic nerve stimulation and to estimate the maximum rate of mitochondrial ATP synthesis from the kinetics of phosphocreatine recovery after stimulation. Results: Following myocardial infarction, cardiac function was abnormal, with evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, failure, and diminished arterial pressure. There was impaired phosphocreatine recovery, suggesting an approximate halving of the maximum rate of mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Conclusions: The response to exercise of the infarct group was abnormal and was quantitatively consistent with the reduced maximum rate of mitochondrial ATP synthesis inferred from recovery, the oxidative deficit during exercise being made up by increased glycogenolysis, causing sufficient acidification to prevent an appropriate increase in [ADP].