tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of 'passive smoking' lead nonsmokers to step up campaign
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In 1971, when he was surgeon general of the Public Health Service, Jesse L. Steinfeld, MD, pointed to the risks of involuntary smoking. Breathing someone else's tobacco smoke is just as bad for the health as inhaling it directly, Steinfeld said. At the time, his remarks—which he made before the Interagency Council on Smoking and Health—got little, indeed virtually no, public attention. But they were the first to be made by a public health official on a topic that has now moved to center stage in the smoking and health issue. Most of the evidence that prompted Steinfeld's remarks was based on animal data. Since then, a substantial amount of work has been published— more than 100 papers—on the effects of passive smoking in humans. In a current article (<i>J Environ Int</i>, in press), James L. Repace, MS, a physicist at the Environmental Protection Agency, and Alfred H. Lowrey, PhD,
Evaluation of the Infertile Couple
Authors: Eric K. Seaman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Even though the recent Clinical Crossroads article by Dr Collins was entitled "A Couple With Infertility,"<sup>1</sup>the article ignores the evaluation of an essential part of that couple, namely, the male partner. Although the clinical scenario includes a normal semen analysis (which is never defined) and postcoital test as proof of a normal male factor, this limited evaluation of the male partner is inadequate; unfortunately, more and more couples encounter this type of approach. Medical students are taught that 90% of diagnoses are made from the history and physical examination. Did the male in this couple have history of orchitis, epididymitis, previous inguinal surgery, or other risk factors for development of antisperm antibodies? It is possible to have a normal semen analysis and yet have antisperm antibodies interfere with fertilization at the site of sperm-zona pellucida interaction. It is also possible that the male in this
Heterogeneity of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Cell Surface Markers As Detected by Monoclonal Antibodies&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Monoclonal antibodies 3A1, 4F2, 5E9, OKT3, OKT6, and OKT8 were tested by flow microfluorometry for reactivity with cells from patients with T-cell or null cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). The 3A1 antibody reacted with a greater percentage of cells from 1 group of patients that could be classified as T-cell leukemia patients as compared to its reaction in the group classifiable as null cell leukemia patients. Reactivity patterns of other monoclonal antibodies with lymphocytes from patients with ALL did not clearly define groups of ALL patients. All cells from individual leukemia patients reacted differently with the seven monoclonal reagents. On the basis of patterns of reactivity, the T-cell leukemias could not be classified as malignant clones of cells from the previously described stages of thymus cell maturation. The results demonstrated that the cells undergoing malignant change express a variety of combinations of antigens not found on normal lymphocytes.
Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Stenosis Demonstrate Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling and Impaired Cardiac Function Before Surgery With Increased Risk of Postoperative Heart Failure
Authors: Johan O. Wedin, Ola Vedin, Sergey Rodin, Oscar E. Simonson, Jonathan Hörsne Malmborg, Johan Pallin, Stefan K. James, Frank A. Flachskampf, Elisabeth Ståhle, Karl-Henrik Grinnemo
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Differences in adverse cardiac remodeling between patients who have bicuspid (BAV) and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) with severe isolated aortic stenosis (AS) and its prognostic impact after surgical aortic valve replacement remains unclear. We sought to investigate differences in preoperative diastolic and systolic function in patients with BAV and TAV who have severe isolated AS and the incidence of postoperative heart failure hospitalization and mortality.Two hundred seventy-one patients with BAV (n=152) or TAV (n=119) and severe isolated AS without coronary artery disease or other valvular heart disease, scheduled for surgical aortic valve replacement, were prospectively included. Comprehensive preoperative echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic function was performed. The heart failure events were registered during a mean prospective follow-up of 1260 days versus 1441 days for patients with BAV or TAV, respectively.Patients with BAV had a more pronounced LV hypertrophy with significantly higher indexed LV mass ([LVMi] 134 g/m2 versus 104 g/m2, P<0.001), higher prevalence of LV diastolic dysfunction (72% versus 44%, P<0.001), reduced LV ejection fraction (55% versus 60%, P<0.001), significantly impaired global longitudinal strain (P<0.001), significantly higher NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide) levels (P=0.007), and a higher prevalence of preoperative levosimendan treatment (P<0.001) than patients with TAV. LVMi was associated with diastolic dysfunction in both patients with BAV and TAV. There was a significant interaction between aortic valve morphology and LVMi on LV ejection fraction, which indicated a pronounced association between LVMi and LV ejection fraction for patients with BAV and lack of association between LVMi and LV ejection fraction for patients with TAV. Postoperatively, the patients with BAV required significantly more inotropic support (P<0.001). The patients with BAV had a higher cumulative incidence of postoperative heart failure admissions compared with patients with TAV (28.2% versus 10.6% at 6 years after aortic valve replacement, log-rank P=0.004). Survival was not different between patients with BAV and TAV (log-rank P=0.165).Although they were significantly younger, patients with BAV who had isolated severe AS had worse preoperative LV function and an increased risk of postoperative heart failure hospitalization compared with patients who had TAV. Our findings suggest that patients who have BAV with AS might benefit from closer surveillance and possibly earlier intervention.
Dose-escalating induction chemotherapy supported by lenograstim preceding high-dose consolidation chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer
Authors: M.E.H.M. Van Hoef, M. Ranson, A. Howell, I. Baumann, C. Lange, T. Luft, E.A. de Wynter, G.R. Morgenstern, A. Yvers, T.M. Dexter, N.G. Testa
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1994)
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Approximately 60% of ovarian cancers are diagnosed at late stage when 5-year survival is less than 30%. Biomarkers for early detection are urgently needed to improve survival. Using blood samples of ovarian cancer cases and cancer-free control subjects from the European EPIC study, Terry and colleagues examined the prospective diagnostic capacity of four serum biomarkers. CA125 was the single best marker for the early detection of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer, rising on average 3 years prior to detection. Combining CA125 with HE4 and other markers further improved discrimination.Today, physicians face a challenge in convincing average-risk individuals to be screened for colorectal cancer (CRC) because of the unpleasant nature of existing methods. Ciarloni and colleagues developed, and clinically validated, a novel blood test for CRC and large adenoma detection based on a 29-gene panel expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in combination with two circulating tumor markers. The test showed sensitivities of 78.1% and 52.3% for CRC and large adenoma detection, respectively, at a specificity of 92.2%. These findings demonstrate the potential of this blood test as an effective option to increase compliance to CRC screening.Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an aggressive, often lethal, cancer that responds poorly to chemotherapy. To investigate the molecular alterations and potential therapeutic targets in SDC, Dalin and colleagues performed exome and RNA sequencing, or targeted sequencing, in 31 tumors. The majority of tumors had targetable alterations, including androgen receptor (AR) expression, ERBB2 amplification, and PIK3CA and MAP kinase pathway mutations. Many AR+ tumors harbored alterations likely to confer resistance to androgen-deprivation therapy. Gene expression analyses revealed close similarities between SDC and molecular apocrine breast cancer. These results provide a framework for future trials of targeted therapy in SDC.Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) expression in thymic carcinoma are insufficiently characterized. Yokoyama and colleagues assessed PD-L1 expression in thymic carcinoma, including copy number alterations of PD-L1 gene, immune-related protein expression in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and patient prognosis. High PD-L1 expression was associated with copy number gains of PD-L1, and also correlated with the number of infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes and better survival. In contrast, abundant PD-1+ TILs were associated with poor prognosis. These results may provide a rationale for potential efficacy of targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in thymic carcinoma via immunotherapy.
PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII PNEUMONIA
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment of Soft-Tissue Infection With Cephalexin
Authors: Joan Page
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Cephalexin monohydrate, an orally administered cephalosporin C antibiotic, was evaluated in the treatment of 25 patients with soft-tissue infections of sufficient severity to warrant antibiotic therapy. All strains of Staphylococcus aureus, both penicillin-sensitive and penicillinresistant, were inhibited by 12.5μg or less of cephalexin monohydrate per milliliter. These concentrations of cephalexin were usually achieved in the serum one to two hours after a 500-mg oral dose and correlated with serum inhibitory activity against the infecting microorganism. Excellent clinical response and elimination of the pathogen were noted within seven days after initiation of therapy in all but one patient. Side effects were severe diarrhea in one patient which necessitated discontinuation of cephalexin therapy after the first day; eosinophilia in one patient; and a slight rise in the value of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in one patient.
Hyperparathyroidism and Urticaria
Authors: R. Dale Liechty
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A WOMAN with severe progressive urticaria was referred to our immunology service for consultation. After extensive study, the only other abnormality found was primary hyperparathyroidism. Following excision of a parathyroid adenoma, the urticaria disappeared promptly, and she has remained eucalcemic and urticaria free for three years. Urticaria and other presumed allergic reactions are a well-known, though uncommon, reaction to a variety of tumors.<sup>1</sup>Having searched the literature and questioned colleagues from other institutions, however, we could find no previous reports of a specific association between parathyroid adenoma and urticaria. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 58-year-old woman gave a one-year history of increasing, generalized urticaria. Her physician had treated her with prednisone (up to 60 mg/day) and various combinations of antihistamines, with incomplete relief. We could elicit no history of medications, foods, or other agents likely to have induced the urticaria. Her BP was 120/80 mm Hg, and her heart
Ten Years of Operative Surgery in the Provinces
Authors: A. Prichard
Journal: BMJ (1861)

sary, in operating, with the instrumenit at the bottom of the buccal, vaginal, or other cavities, to protect the neighbouring parts from contact with the cannula, or d. -.4f t-d b...... .. -I .,..... .44with the fluids whiceh flow fiom the seat of operation very much heated, for unless this be done, they will be burned, as in the case of epulis above described.[To be continued.
Electron Microscopic Observations on the Association of Viruses With Membrane Systems in Hamster Tumor Cells Propagated in Tissue Culture&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Journal Article Electron Microscopic Observations on the Association of Viruses With Membrane Systems in Hamster Tumor Cells Propagated in Tissue Culture Get access R. F. Zeigel, R. F. Zeigel Laboratory of Viral Oncology, National Cancer Institute,6Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. Rabotti, G. Rabotti Laboratory of Viral Oncology, National Cancer Institute,6Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. V. A. Smith M. V. A. Smith Laboratory of Viral Oncology, National Cancer Institute,6Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 43, Issue 3, September 1969, Pages 653–664, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/43.3.653 Published: 01 September 1969 Article history Received: 07 April 1969 Accepted: 27 May 1969 Published: 01 September 1969
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

By comparing and integrating genomic copy-number and mRNA tumor profiles from never smokers and ever smokers, Fouret and colleagues revealed evidence indicating that the amplified ATPase family, AAA domain containing 2 (ATAD2), is the driving force behind MYC contribution to uncontrolled cell proliferation in lung adenocarcinoma.This finding may have clinical consequences because ATAD2 inhibition may circumvent the difficulty of specifically inhibiting MYC in lung cancers.
Apnea monitoring for newborns at risk of sudden infant death syndrome
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Manual of pharmaceutical law.
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Applicability of a Methacholine Inhalational Challenge
Authors: James R. Myers
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Cough, dyspnea, and chest pain are symptoms common to many cardiopulmonary diseases. A comprehensive evaluation, including a history, physical examination, ECG, chest roentgenogram, and pulmonary function studies, will often yield a specific diagnosis. However, when these symptoms are intermittent, as they often are in patients with bronchial asthma, the diagnosis may not be apparent. If asthma is thought to be a diagnostic possibility, a bronchial inhalation challenge should be used to demonstrate bronchial hyperreactivity, the hallmark of asthma. The methacholine chloride inhalation challenge is a simple and useful laboratory test to diagnose bronchial hyperreactivity. We describe eight patients with a variety of clinical symptoms to demonstrate the usefulness of this test. Patients with unexplained respiratory symptoms should be considered for bronchial inhalation challenge before proceeding to more invasive diagnostic procedures. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:225-229)
Vitamin A in New Food Composition Tables From Japan&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan-Fourth Revised Edition—were issued to the public in October 1982. The data for vitamin A include chemically determined preformed vitamin A and provitamin A. Vitamin A values in the tables are shown as micrograms of retinol and/or micrograms of carotene and also as international units of retinol potency per 100 g edible portion of the foods. The term “carotene” is used for the total mixed carotenoids with vitamin A activity analyzed. In fact, the carotenes analyzed consisted of a large portion of β-carotene and a small portion of α-carotene. One retinol potency (IU) is equivalent to 0.3 μg of retinol or 1.8 μg (0.6 μg × 3) of carotene, which means that the biologic activity of carotenoids is considered to be one-third that of retinol, mainly due to the inferior absorption of carotene. However, as an exception, in milk and dairy products 1 IU is considered to be equivalent to 0.6 μg of carotene. As for the foods for which both retinol and carotene contents are given in the table, the retinol potency is calculated by addition of values derived from both retinol and carotene. There are considerable differences in vitamin A values of some foods between the third revised edition and the fourth revised edition of the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan. The mean daily vitamin A intake of Japanese people as determined by the recent national nutrition survey was 2,120 IU when the calculation was made from the data in the fourth revised edition and 1,762 IU when the calculation was made from the data in the third revised edition, indicating approximately a 20% larger value in the former than the latter. This fact has to be taken into consideration in the comparison between new data and previous data from nutrition surveys.
Acute Systemic Reactions to Carbonless Copy Paper Associated With Histamine Release
Authors: Frank P. LaMarte
Journal: JAMA (1988)

We report two cases of recurrent episodes of hoarseness, cough, flushing, pruritus, and rash occurring within 30 minutes of topical exposure to carbonless copy paper. Provocative challenges revealed that alkylphenol novolac resin was the ingredient responsible. Video endoscopy of the larynx was performed and plasma histamine levels were obtained prior to and 30 minutes after cutaneous challenge of a patient with alkylphenol novolac resin. We documented marked laryngeal edema and a sixfold increase in plasma histamine levels after challenge. We conclude that topical exposure to carbonless copy paper may cause mast cell/basophil-mediated acute systemic and potentially life-threatening reactions in susceptible patients. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:242-243)
FDA Gives Calcium Channel Blockers Clean Bill of Health but Warns of Short-Acting Nifedipine Hazards
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1996)

AS A CLASS the calcium channel antagonists are safe to use. There is no reason not to use these agents for treating hypertension, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory committee has concluded. But physicians whose patients are receiving one type of this class of drug, short-acting nifedipine, are warned that use of this agent could increase the risk of myocardial infarction in some patients. In taking this position the committee is in agreement with a statement issued last September by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, which warned physicians that because of this increased risk short-acting nifedipine should be used with great caution, especially at higher doses. The FDA's Cardiovascular and Renal Drugs Committee reached its conclusion following a day-long review of three epidemiologic studies of patients with hypertension and unstable angina treated with calcium channel blockers, and also a summary of
The Rh Blood Groups and Their Clinical Effects.
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal