tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccines
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Diagnosis and Treatment1 February 1976Meningococcal Polysaccharide VaccinesAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-2-179 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail AbstractAbstractPolysaccharide vaccines against diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A and C meningococci are now licensed in the United States. They are prepared as monovalent and as bivalent antigens. This statement summarizes available information on these antigens and offers guidance regarding their role in the control of epidemics of meningococcal disease in the civilian population of the U.S.Selected Bibliography1. ARTENSTEINWINTERGOLD MPR: Immunoprophylaxis of meningococcal infection. Milit Med 139:91-95, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. WAHDANRIZKEL-AKKAD MFA: A controlled field trial of a serogroup A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Bull WHO 48:667-673, 1973 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: ▸From the Center for Disease Control, United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Atlanta, Georgia. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNeisseria meningitidisPyogene KokkenGROUP-SPECIFIC MENINGOCOCCAL VACCINATION AND EPIDEMICS CAUSED BY OTHER GROUPS OF MENINGOCOCCIIn the CommunityDrugs Spotlight Program Immunization for the InternistDAVID RIMLAND, M.D., JOHN E. McGOWAN Jr., M.D., JONAS A. SHULMAN, M.D. 1 February 1976Volume 84, Issue 2Page: 179-180KeywordsAntigensMeningococcal diseaseMorbidityMortalityNeisseria meningitidisPolysaccharidesVaccines ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Action of Muscles. Including Muscle Rest and Muscle Re-Education.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1930)

IS19X1 in a case of weakness of the deltoid he will associate with that muscle the opposing adductor, namely, the pectoralis 1016 Ml vi of a muscle is, on the other hand, common.There is only one true test of muscle function, the volitional test scientifically applied.Any other test, whether from the clinical or experimental point of view, is unworthy of consideration.The volitional test takes into consideration xiv
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

The Delta-Notch pathway contributes to tumor angiogenesis, cell growth and differentiation, and stem cells self-renewal. Preclinically, Dll4 blockade causes dysfunctional vasculature and diminished perfusion. This phase I first-in-human study tested enoticumab, a novel anti-Dll4 monoclonal antibody in patients with refractory solid tumors. Enoticumab was associated with several reversible cardiovascular adverse events but otherwise was well tolerated. Antitumor activity was seen in patients with ovarian cancer, bronchoalveolar NSCLC with β-catenin mutation, and colorectal cancer with FAP syndrome. Given the negative feedback by Dll4/Notch on the VEGF/VEGFR axis, combination therapies with anti-VEGF agents are expected to provide increased efficacy, and should be tested in the clinic.CD44 is associated with tumor development, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance in several tumor indications. Thus, blocking CD44 in tumor patients is regarded as a promising approach in anticancer therapies. However, CD44 represents a family of proteins with diverse functions originating from alternative splicing. Birzele and colleagues demonstrate how preclinical in vitro and in vivo characterization of CD44 isoform expression led to the identification of CD44s as a potential response prediction marker to anti-CD44 treatment (RG7356 antibody). This was confirmed in data from a phase I clinical trial where patients were treated with RG7356.Transformed cells are dependent on methionine for growth and survival by mechanisms that are poorly understood. In this study, Strekalova and colleagues demonstrate that methionine deprivation exposes a targetable defect in triple-negative breast cancer cells, but not untransformed cells, by increasing cell surface expression of the proapoptotic TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor-2 (TRAIL-R2), thereby enhancing their sensitivity to TRAIL-R2 agonists in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that metabolic stress exposes distinctive vulnerabilities in transformed cells that can be targeted with rationally selected therapies and provide the foundation for a clinical trial combining dietary methionine restriction and TRAIL-R2 agonists.Papillary renal cell cancer (PRCC) is a subset of RCC with poor prognosis for patients with nonlocalized disease. Current treatment options, including the standard of care for RCC, provide only modest benefit. Recently, the molecular underpinnings of clinical PRCC have been evaluated describing a central role for MET. Schuller and colleagues used two independent patient-derived PRCC xenograft models, both harboring MET copy number gain similar to that seen in patients, for therapeutic testing. The authors demonstrate that targeted agents for MET inhibition, including AZD6094 (savolitinib, HMPL-504) induce tumor regressions and may be more efficacious than current therapeutic approaches warranting further clinical investigation.
Girl Babies Wanted
Authors: Donald J. Carek
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In her recent note, "No One Wants Girls Except..." (1983;249:2305), Dr Press concludes with the hope that, "with some consciousness raising, there will be more people who would gladly welcome female children." In recent years, I have asked pregnant women, whose conditions I have routinely evaluated in our adolescent obstetrics clinic, whether they preferred a boy or a girl. The fact that 83 voiced preference for a girl and 58 preferred to have a boy makes me wonder whether Dr Press may be too quick to promote a cause, ie, "consciousness raising," without sufficient evidence of its effectiveness. As it seems safe to say that the vast majority of lower-social class members in my patient population were not exposed to much consciousness raising, could it be that consciousness raising may have an effect opposite to what she expects? I also have questions about Dr Press' "half-serious" offer
Hyperkalemia With Enalapril in Advanced Renal Failure
Authors: J. L. Izzo, P. S. Larrabee, J. D. Scandling
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We are enthusiastic about the use of angiotensin convertingenzyme (ACE) inhibitors in hypertension and congestive heart failure, not only because of their efficacy but also because of the high quality of life for patients using these drugs. However, of six patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) given enalapril maleate, 20 mg/day, all had increases in serum potassium levels of about 1 mEq/L, and two of six had significant hyperkalemia. This contrasts with our experience in 30 hypertensives with normal renal function, in whom no changes in serum potassium levels occurred during one or more months of enalapril maleate treatment, 20 to 80 mg/day. Hyperkalemia has also been reported in patients with CRF given very large doses of captopril,<sup>1</sup>and again in this study high serum potassium levels occurred only when low aldosterone levels and impaired renal potassium excretion were both present. <h3>Study.—</h3> The Table
Center Provides Approach to Major Social III: Homeless Urban Runaways, 'Throwaways'
Authors: Richard C. Hermann
Journal: JAMA (1988)

DISENGAGED from traditional social networks, urban homeless youth present a special challenge to health and social welfare workers seeking to educate adolescents about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Runaways and "throwaways" (abandoned youths) are far more likely than other adolescents to adopt high-risk behaviors for contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Yet this group is cut off from current educational campaigns on television, in classrooms, and through mass mailings that explain how HIV is transmitted and what actions may protect against infection. One group addressing this critical educational gap is San Francisco's Larkin Street Youth Center, which administers an AIDS outreach program for homeless adolescents. At a recent meeting of educators and health care professionals at the American Medical Association's National Congress on Adolescent Health in Chicago, Larkin Street was highlighted among adolescent health programs nationwide. To date, 270 of 64 506 reported cases of AIDS in the United States involve
A Text Book on Surgery, General, Operative and Mechanical.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Informed Consent: IV
Authors: Leslie J. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1980)

ONE of the basic themes underlying this discussion of informed consent law is that of uncertainty. Although the basic contours of the doctrine are well defined, the details regarding its application to specific situations are extremely unclear. This uncertainty is most apparent with respect to two aspects of the informed consent law. First, it is unclear how much information a physician must disclose to obtain an informed consent from a patient. This is particularly true where the court has adopted a material risk approach to informed consent cases. As was stated in<i>Canterbury vs Spence</i>[464 F 2d 772, 788 (DC 1972)], "there is no bright line separating the significant from the insignificant." A physician can often do no more than guess as to whether a jury will consider a particular risk to be material to a patient's decision. But the disclosure requirement is often no less clear under a
Tuberculosis Morbidity—United States, 1992
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In 1994, a total of 24,361 cases of tuberculosis (TB) (9.4 cases per 100,000 population) were reported to CDC from the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and New York City, a 3.7% decrease from 1993 (25,287 cases [9.8 cases per 100,000]) (1). However, the number of cases reported in 1994 was a 9.7% increase over 1985 (22,201 cases) (Figure 1), the year with the lowest number of reported TB cases since national reporting began in 1953. This report summarizes TB surveillance data for 1994 and compares the findings with 1992 and 1993.
Dietary Factors and Hepatoma in Rainbow Trout (&lt;italic&gt;Salmo gairdneri&lt;/italic&gt;). II. Cocarcinogenesis by Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids and the Effect of Gossypol and Altered Lipids on Aflatoxin-Induced Liver Cancer&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R. O. Sinnhuber, D. J. Lee, J. H. Wales, J. L. Ayres
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

Aflatoxin B1 (one of the toxic metabolites of the mold Aspergillus flavus) was fed in a semipurified experimental diet to rainbow trout at levels of 4, 8, and 20 parts per billion. A logarithmic response in the incidence of tumors to dietary level of aflatoxin was found. Cyclopropenoid fatty acids fed at 220 parts per million in an aflatoxin-containing diet increased the incidence and growth of hepatoma manyfold over the positive control. Gossypol and 3-methylcoumarin did not promote the early development of the aflatoxin-induced tumors, but the incidence and size of tumor nodules were greater after 12 months. Heat-polymerized corn oil or oxidized salmon oil did not enhance the carcinogenicity of aflatoxin B1. Feeding a commercial ration, which contained aflatoxin-contaminated cottonseed meal, for 2 weeks produced a hepatoma incidence of 60% after 9 months.
Emergency Thoracotomy in the Management of Trauma
Authors: Balazs Imre Bodai
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The role of emergency room thoracotomy in the management of trauma remains poorly defined despite an increase in its use. Most authors agree that the procedure is effective in the treatment of penetrating thoracic injuries, while its benefit in penetrating injuries below the diaphragm and in blunt trauma has not been established. The best outcome can be expected in patients who have sustained penetrating cardiac and thoracic injuries. Penetrating abdominal wounds that are severe enough to require thoracotomy in the emergency room fare less well; those patients who suffer from blunt thoracoabdominal injuries are least fortunate. The anatomic location and mode of injury greatly influence the outcome of these patients and are useful in determining when to perform this procedure. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:1891-1896)
2′-Deoxycoformycin-Induced Hemolysis in the Mouse&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

2′-Deoxycoformycin (dCF), a tight-binding inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, has recently been entered into clinical trials. Toxicity has included lymphopenia, seizures, coma, conjunctivitis, renal failure, and hemolysis. Mice treated with dCF on a variety of schedules exhibited massive hemolysis. Hemolysis was brief, lasting about 20 hours, and did not recur upon readministration of the drug unless readministration was delayed for at least 6 days after initial exposure, which suggests that a sensitive subpopulation of cells was selectively destroyed. Splenectomy failed to protect the animals from dCF-induced hemolysis. Administration of adenosine or 2′-deoxyadenosine without dCF did not cause hemolysis, and use of these two agents with dCF did not potentiate the observed hemolysis. ATP and dATP levels were measured in erythrocytes, and changes in levels of these nucleotides did not correspond with the development of hemolysis.
WHO and industry partnership
Authors: E. Sokol
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Priority setting in health careOf course we should ask the tax payer Editor-Torgerson and Gosden argue that eliciting public views on healthcare priority setting is a waste of money. 1 It is implicit in their argument that the many health economists who dabble in this allegedly inefficient activity should know better.As health economists and practitioners of the dark art of including the public in priority setting, we believe that we ought to respond to this charge.The problem with Torgerson and Gosden's argument is that it does not distinguish between facts and values.It seems reasonable to assume that patients normally know less than clinicians about the facts concerning the effects of different treatments.As Torgerson and Gosden argue, this form of asymmetric information is one reason why many British health economists believe that public funding of health care is more efficient than private funding, which provides clinicians with a profit motive for supplying unnecessary treatments to illinformed patients.Torgerson and Gosden assert that patients generally know less than specialists about the "facts" concerning the effects of alternative priority setting decisions, and they conclude that setting priorities on the basis of ill-informed opinions is inefficient.What Torgerson and Gosden do not recognise, however, is the possibility that patients generally know more than specialists about their own values concerning their health and the health of others.This kind of asymmetrical information can lead well meaning clinicians, managers, and policymakers to provide inefficient healthcare services, poorly in tune with patients' values.That is why health economists have devoted considerable energy to developing methods of valuing the effects of treatments from the patient's point of view.That is also why health economists are now devoting energy to developing methods of consulting patients about their values concerning priority setting.Asymmetrical information about facts can cause inefficiency in a private system, which is why we need a public system.Asymmetrical information about values can cause inefficiency in a public system, which is why we need to include the public in healthcare priority setting.Efficient decision making requires the use of best available information about facts and values.Our experience in conducting preference elicitation studies suggests that asking the taxpayer can be a fruitful source of information about the latter-and that public opinions are more sophisticated, and less predictable, than Torgerson and Gosden like to think.
Medicare eligibility and healthcare access, affordability, and financial strain for low- and higher-income adults in the United States: A regression discontinuity analysis
Authors: Rahul Aggarwal, Robert W. Yeh, Issa J. Dahabreh, Sarah E. Robertson, Rishi K. Wadhera
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2022)

US policymakers are debating whether to expand the Medicare program by lowering the age of eligibility. The goal of this study was to determine the association of Medicare eligibility and enrollment with healthcare access, affordability, and financial strain from medical bills in a contemporary population of low- and higher-income adults in the US.
Circulating Biomarkers in Young Individuals with Low Peak FEV<sub>1</sub>
Authors: Nuria Olvera, Sandra Casas, Judith M. Vonk, Tamara Garcia, H. Marike Boezen, Maarten van den Berge, Alvar Agusti, Rosa Faner
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

"Circulating Biomarkers in Young Individuals with Low Peak FEV1." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 207(3), pp. 354–358
Skeletal Muscle Adiposity and Lung Function Trajectory in the Severe Asthma Research Program
Authors: Matthew C. Tattersall, Kristine E. Lee, Nanae Tsuchiya, Fauzia Osman, Claudia E. Korcarz, Kristin M. Hansen, Michael C. Peters, John V. Fahy, Colin A. Longhurst, Eleanor Dunican, Sally E. Wentzel, Joseph K. Leader, Elliot Israel, Bruce D. Levy, Mario Castro, Serpil C. Erzurum, Jason Lempel, Wendy C. Moore, Eugene R. Bleecker, Brenda R. Phillips, David T. Mauger, Eric A. Hoffman, Sean B. Fain, Scott B. Reeder, Ron L. Sorkness, Nizar N. Jarjour, Loren C. Denlinger, Mark L. Schiebler
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

Extrapulmonary manifestations of asthma, including fatty infiltration in tissues, may reflect systemic inflammation and influence lung function and disease severity.
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Breaking Insights| October 04 2022 Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature Author & Article Information Online ISSN: 1538-7445 Print ISSN: 0008-5472 ©2022 American Association for Cancer Research2022American Association for Cancer Research Cancer Res (2022) 82 (19): 3407–3408. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-82-19-BI Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Article Versions Icon Versions Version of Record October 4 2022 Citation Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature. Cancer Res 1 October 2022; 82 (19): 3407–3408. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-82-19-BI Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest Search Advanced Search The final and critical step of metastasis is colonization in a secondary tissue, which requires suppression of the immune system to prevent tumor cell clearance. Gong and colleagues used mouse models of breast cancer metastasis to investigate whether an immunosuppressive niche in the lung supports metastasis. They found that in the lung, dendritic cell antigen presentation and T-cell stimulation were reduced compared with other organ tissues, due to a population of fibroblasts that expressed PTGS2, the gene encoding cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), which converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Neutrophils, often found at the sites of metastatic cancers, were found to produce high amounts of IL1β that boosted the expression of PTGS2 in lung fibroblasts. The generation of PGE2 was critical for the immunosuppressive activity of the lung fibroblasts, as receptor antagonists for PGE2 could reverse the immunosuppressive phenotype in the lung. Furthermore, blocking the activity of PGE2 synergized... You do not currently have access to this content.
R11 modified tumor cell membrane nanovesicle-camouflaged nanoparticles with enhanced targeting and mucus-penetrating efficiency for intravesical chemotherapy for bladder cancer
Authors: Bin Zheng, Zhenghong Liu, Heng Wang, Li Sun, Wing-Fu Lai, Haibao Zhang, Jinxue Wang, Yang Liu, Xiaowen Qin, Xiaolong Qi, Shuai Wang, Youqing Shen, Pu Zhang, Dahong Zhang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2022)

Intravesical chemotherapy is generally used in the clinic for treating bladder cancer (BCa), but its efficacy is limited due to the permeation barrier and side effects caused by the off-targeting of normal urothelial cells. In this study, BCa cell-derived membrane nanovesicles were used as drug carriers, and their homologous tumor-targeting capacity was utilized. A BCa-targeting hendeca-arginine peptide was functionalized onto the nanovesicles to impart a mucus-penetrating ability and thus overcome the permeation barrier. The tumor-targeting and mucus-penetrating nanovesicles were stable in urine, were highly permeable to the glycosaminoglycan layer, and specifically targeted BCa. The vesicles were internalized through caveolin-mediated endocytosis, were transported to nonlysosome-localized intracellular regions, and efficiently infiltrated bladder tumor spheroids. In in vivo intravesical chemotherapy, the nanovesicles achieved chemo-resection in murine orthotopic BCa models. This BCa-targeting and mucus-penetrating drug delivery system may be promising for the intravesical chemotherapy of BCa.