tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular point-of-care testing for lower respiratory tract pathogens improves safe antibiotic de-escalation in patients with pneumonia in the ICU: Results of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Stephen Poole, Alex R Tanner, Vasanth V Naidu, Florina Borca, Hang Phan, Kordo Saeed, Michael P W Grocott, Ahilanandan Dushianthan, Helen Moyses, Tristan W Clark
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Production and characterization of virus-free, CRISPR-CAR T cells capable of inducing solid tumor regression
Authors: Katherine P Mueller, Nicole J Piscopo, Matthew H Forsberg, Louise A Saraspe, Amritava Das, Brittany Russell, Madeline Smerchansky, Dan Cappabianca, Lei Shi, Keerthana Shankar, Lauren Sarko, Namita Khajanchi, Nina La Vonne Denne, Apoorva Ramamurthy, Adeela Ali, Cicera R Lazzarotto, Shengdar Q Tsai, Christian M Capitini, Krishanu Saha
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have demonstrated high clinical response rates against hematological malignancies (e.g., CD19+ cancers) but have shown limited activity in patients with solid tumors. Recent work showed that precise insertion of a CAR at a defined locus improves treatment outcomes in the context of a CD19 CAR; however, it is unclear if such a strategy could also affect outcomes in solid tumors. Furthermore, CAR manufacturing generally relies on viral vectors for gene delivery, which comprise a complex and resource-intensive part of the manufacturing supply chain.
Design and Dynamic Locomotion Control of Quadruped Robot with Perception-Less Terrain Adaptation
Authors: Lei Wang, Libo Meng, Ru Kang, Botao Liu, Sai Gu, Zhihao Zhang, Fei Meng, Aiguo Ming
Journal: Cyborg and Bionic Systems (2022)

In this paper, a parallel quadrupedal robot was designed that is capable of versatile dynamic locomotion and perception-less terrain adaptation. Firstly, a quadrupedal robot with a symmetric legs and a powerful actuator was implemented for highly dynamic movement. Then, a fast and reliable method based on generalized least square was proposed for estimating the terrain parameters by fusing the body, leg, and contact information. On the basis of virtual model control (VMC) with the quadratic program (QP) method, the optimal foot force for terrain adaptation was achieved. Finally, the results obtained by simulation and indoor and outdoor experiments demonstrate that the robot can achieve a robust and versatile dynamic locomotion on uneven terrain, and the rejection of disturbances is reliable, which proves the effectiveness and robustness of this proposed method.
Cranberry Juice and Adhesion of Antibiotic-Resistant Uropathogens
Authors: Amy B. Howell
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Re: Systemic Vasculitis Following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination Demonstrated on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Josef Finsterer, Fulvio A. Scorza
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

∗Neurology and Neurophysiology Center Vienna, Austria [email protected] †Disciplina de Neurociência Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina São Paulo, Brasil Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared. Ethics approval: The study was in accordance with ethical guidelines. The study was approved by the institutional review board. Author contribution: J.F. contributed to the design, literature search, discussion, first draft, critical comments, and final approval.
Longitudinal Associations of Air Pollution With Body Size and Composition in Midlife Women: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
Authors: Xin Wang, Carrie A. Karvonen-Gutierrez, Ellen B. Gold, Carol Derby, Gail Greendale, Xiangmei Wu, Joel Schwartz, Sung Kyun Park
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

We examined longitudinal associations of air pollution exposure, including fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3), with weight, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, lean mass, and proportion fat mass in midlife women.
Uncompetitive, adduct-forming SARM1 inhibitors are neuroprotective in preclinical models of nerve injury and disease
Authors: Matthew Bratkowski, Thomas C. Burdett, Jean Danao, Xidao Wang, Prakhyat Mathur, Weijing Gu, Jennifer A. Beckstead, Santosh Talreja, Yu-San Yang, Gregory Danko, Jae Hong Park, Mary Walton, Sean P. Brown, Christopher M. Tegley, Prem Raj B. Joseph, Charles H. Reynolds, Shilpa Sambashivan
Journal: Neuron (2022)
18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT Imaging of a Case With Immunoglobulin G4–Related Disease Presenting as Hepatic Masses
Authors: Zeyu Zhang, Hui Jiang, Lu Zhang, Chao Cheng, Changjing Zuo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract Two hepatic masses were discovered through ultrasonography in a 50-year-old man with increased CA19-9, which is highly suspicious for malignancy. PET/CT images revealed intense 18 F-FDG and 68 Ga-FAPI-04 uptake in intrahepatic lesions. Histopathology with biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)–related disease. Here, we reported a case of IgG4-related primary localized pseudotumor without any other organ involvement. We concluded that in clinical work, if intrahepatic masses show high uptake of 18 F-FDG or 68 Ga-FAPI-04, intrahepatic IgG4-related disease should be considered for differential diagnosis.
Mesenteric Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma on 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT
Authors: Huipan Liu, Yue Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract Mesenteric mesonephric adenocarcinoma is an uncommon mesenteric neoplasm, which was arising from the mesonephric remnant of the female reproductive tract. Herein, we report the 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT findings in a 66-year-old woman with mesenteric mesonephric adenocarcinoma.
To Identify Small Bowel Metastasis From Lobular Breast Cancer on 18F-Fluoroestradiol PET/CT
Authors: Yang Lu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

A 61-year-old woman was incidentally found to have small bowel metastasis from an undiagnosed lobular breast cancer in a workup for her acute presentation of small bowel obstruction. However, outside-hospital mammogram and breast ultrasound failed to reveal primary breast cancer. At 3.5 months postsurgery, the patient transferred her care to our hospital and received initial staging 18F-fluoroestradiol (FES) PET/CT. The occult primary right breast cancer and previously biopsied right axilla lymph node were visualized on FES PET/CT. The intense small bowel uptake of FES was initially considered as physiological; however, after readjusting the background FES level on PET, an intense focus at small bowel anastomosis site became obvious.
FDG PET of Isolated Right Ventricular Sarcoidosis
Authors: Alan Siegel, Dagmar Hoegemann Savellano
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

A 62-year-old man with a history of allergic rhinitis and lightheadedness was admitted after an episode of sustained ventricular tachycardia detected by Holter monitor. A chest CT revealed peribronchial nodules, and mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy. The findings raised concern for sarcoidosis. MRI and FDG PET/CT were performed and revealed cardiac sarcoidosis isolated to the right ventricle only. Sarcoidosis of the right ventricle, sparing the left ventricle, is an extremely uncommon entity.
Busulfan Plus Cyclophosphamide Versus Total Body Irradiation Plus Cyclophosphamide for Adults Acute B Lymphoblastic Leukemia: An Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase III Trial
Authors: Haiyan Zhang, Zhiping Fan, Fen Huang, Lijie Han, Yajing Xu, Na Xu, Lan Deng, Shunqing Wang, Dongjun Lin, Xiaodan Luo, Qing Zhang, Xiaodan Liu, Xudong Li, Xinquan Liang, Shuangfeng Xie, Hong Qu, Sijian Yu, Hongsheng Zhou, Pengcheng Shi, Li Xuan, Ren Lin, Hui Liu, Hua Jin, Jing Sun, Qifa Liu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

PURPOSE It remains controversial whether busulfan-based versus total body irradiation (TBI)–based regimens have comparable outcomes in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We investigated the efficacy and toxicity of busulfan plus cyclophosphamide (BuCy) and TBI plus cyclophosphamide (TBI-Cy) conditioning in allo-HSCT for adult standard-risk B-cell-ALL in first complete remission (CR1). PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed an open-label, randomized phase III trial at 13 hospitals in China. Eligible patients (age 14-65 years) had standard-risk ALL in CR1. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to BuCy (0.8 mg/kg four times per day on days –7 to –4 and cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg once daily on days –3 to –2) or TBI-Cy (4.5 Gy TBI on days –5 to –4 and cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg once daily on days –3 to –2). The primary end point was 2-year overall survival. Analysis was per protocol. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT02670252 ) and is complete. RESULTS Between January 2016 and February 2020, 275 patients were assigned to receive BuCy (273 assessed) and 275 to TBI-Cy (272 assessed). The 2-year overall survival was 76.6% (95% CI, 71.7 to 81.8) and 79.4% (74.7 to 84.4; P = .457; difference 2.9%; 95% CI, –4.1 to 9.8; P = .022), indicating noninferiority of BuCy. The 2-year relapse was 20.2% (95% CI, 15.6 to 25.1) and 18.4% (14.0 to 23.2; P = .616), and the nonrelapse mortality was 11.0% (95% CI, 7.6 to 15.0) and 11.0% (7.7 to 15.1; P = .988) in the BuCy and TBI-Cy groups, respectively. There were no differences in regimen-related toxicity, graft-versus-host disease, or late effects between the two groups. CONCLUSION The BuCy regimen has noninferior efficiency and safety as TBI-Cy (4.5 Gy × 2) for patients with adult standard-risk B cell-ALL in CR1 undergoing HLA-matched allo-HSCT.
Clinical Decision Support for Glycemic Management Reduces Hospital Length of Stay
Authors: Ariana R. Pichardo-Lowden, Paul Haidet, Guillermo E. Umpierrez, Erik B. Lehman, Francis T. Quigley, Li Wang, Colleen M. Rafferty, Christopher J. DeFlitch, Vernon M. Chinchilli
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

OBJECTIVE Dysglycemia influences hospital outcomes and resource utilization. Clinical decision support (CDS) holds promise for optimizing care by overcoming management barriers. This study assessed the impact on hospital length of stay (LOS) of an alert-based CDS tool in the electronic medical record that detected dysglycemia or inappropriate insulin use, coined as gaps in care (GIC). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using a 12-month interrupted time series among hospitalized persons aged ≥18 years, our CDS tool identified GIC and, when active, provided recommendations. We compared LOS during 6-month-long active and inactive periods using linear models for repeated measures, multiple comparison adjustment, and mediation analysis. RESULTS Among 4,788 admissions with GIC, average LOS was shorter during the tool’s active periods. LOS reductions occurred for all admissions with GIC (−5.7 h, P = 0.057), diabetes and hyperglycemia (−6.4 h, P = 0.054), stress hyperglycemia (−31.0 h, P = 0.054), patients admitted to medical services (−8.4 h, P = 0.039), and recurrent hypoglycemia (−29.1 h, P = 0.074). Subgroup analysis showed significantly shorter LOS in recurrent hypoglycemia with three events (−82.3 h, P = 0.006) and nonsignificant in two (−5.2 h, P = 0.655) and four or more (−14.8 h, P = 0.746). Among 22,395 admissions with GIC (4,788, 21%) and without GIC (17,607, 79%), LOS reduction during the active period was 1.8 h (P = 0.053). When recommendations were provided, the active tool indirectly and significantly contributed to shortening LOS through its influence on GIC events during admissions with at least one GIC (P = 0.027), diabetes and hyperglycemia (P = 0.028), and medical services (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Use of the alert-based CDS tool to address inpatient management of dysglycemia contributed to reducing LOS, which may reduce costs and improve patient well-being.
An Exercise-Induced Metabolic Shield in Distant Organs Blocks Cancer Progression and Metastatic Dissemination
Authors: Danna Sheinboim, Shivang Parikh, Paulee Manich, Irit Markus, Sapir Dahan, Roma Parikh, Elisa Stubbs, Gali Cohen, Valentina Zemser-Werner, Rachel E. Bell, Sara Arciniegas Ruiz, Ruth Percik, Ronen Brenner, Stav Leibou, Hananya Vaknine, Gali Arad, Yariv Gerber, Lital Keinan-Boker, Tal Shimony, Lior Bikovski, Nir Goldstein, Keren Constantini, Sapir Labes, Shimonov Mordechai, Hila Doron, Ariel Lonescu, Tamar Ziv, Eran Nizri, Guy Choshen, Hagit Eldar-Finkelman, Yuval Tabach, Aharon Helman, Shamgar Ben-Eliyahu, Neta Erez, Eran Perlson, Tamar Geiger, Danny Ben-Zvi, Mehdi Khaled, Yftach Gepner, Carmit Levy
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Exercise prevents cancer incidence and recurrence, yet the underlying mechanism behind this relationship remains mostly unknown. Here we report that exercise induces the metabolic reprogramming of internal organs that increases nutrient demand and protects against metastatic colonization by limiting nutrient availability to the tumor, generating an exercise-induced metabolic shield. Proteomic and ex vivo metabolic capacity analyses of murine internal organs revealed that exercise induces catabolic processes, glucose uptake, mitochondrial activity, and GLUT expression. Proteomic analysis of routinely active human subject plasma demonstrated increased carbohydrate utilization following exercise. Epidemiologic data from a 20-year prospective study of a large human cohort of initially cancer-free participants revealed that exercise prior to cancer initiation had a modest impact on cancer incidence in low metastatic stages but significantly reduced the likelihood of highly metastatic cancer. In three models of melanoma in mice, exercise prior to cancer injection significantly protected against metastases in distant organs. The protective effects of exercise were dependent on mTOR activity, and inhibition of the mTOR pathway with rapamycin treatment ex vivo reversed the exercise-induced metabolic shield. Under limited glucose conditions, active stroma consumed significantly more glucose at the expense of the tumor. Collectively, these data suggest a clash between the metabolic plasticity of cancer and exercise-induced metabolic reprogramming of the stroma, raising an opportunity to block metastasis by challenging the metabolic needs of the tumor.Exercise protects against cancer progression and metastasis by inducing a high nutrient demand in internal organs, indicating that reducing nutrient availability to tumor cells represents a potential strategy to prevent metastasis. See related commentary by Zerhouni and Piskounova, p. 4124.
Detecting measurable residual disease beyond 10−4 by an IGHV leader-based NGS approach improves prognostic stratification in CLL
Authors: Paul J. Hengeveld, Michèle Y. van der Klift, P. Martijn Kolijn, Frédéric Davi, François G. Kavelaars, Evert de Jonge, Sandra Robrecht, Jorn L. J. C. Assmann, Lina van der Straten, Matthias Ritgen, Peter E. Westerweel, Kirsten Fischer, Valentin Goede, Michael Hallek, Mark-David Levin, Anton W. Langerak
Journal: Blood (2022)
Macrophage- and BCR-derived but not TLR-derived signals support the growth of CLL and Richter syndrome murine models in vivo
Authors: Claudio Martines, Supriya Chakraborty, Marija Vujovikj, Stefania Gobessi, Tiziana Vaisitti, Silvia Deaglio, Luca Laurenti, Aleksandar J. Dimovski, Dimitar G. Efremov
Journal: Blood (2022)
Counting the cost of premature mortality with progressively worse aortic stenosis in Australia: a clinical cohort study
Authors: Simon Stewart, Clifford Afoakwah, Yih-Kai Chan, Jordan B Strom, David Playford, Geoffrey A Strange
Journal: The Lancet Healthy Longevity (2022)

BackgroundAortic stenosis is the most common cardiac valve disorder requiring clinical management. However, there is little evidence on the societal cost of progressive aortic stenosis. We sought to quantify the societal burden of premature mortality associated with progressively worse aortic stenosis.MethodsIn this observational clinical cohort study, we examined echocardiograms on native aortic valves of 98 565 men and 99 357 women aged 65 years or older across 23 sites in Australia, from Jan 1, 2003, to Dec 31, 2017. Individuals were grouped according to their peak aortic valve velocity in 0·50 m/s increments up to 4·00 m/s or more (severe aortic stenosis), using 1·00–1·99 m/s (no aortic stenosis) as the reference group. Sex-specific premature mortality and years of life lost during a 5-year follow-up were calculated, along with willingness-to-pay to regain quality-adjusted life years (QALYs).FindingsOverall, 20 701 (21·0%) men and 18 576 (18·7%) women had evidence of mild-to-severe aortic stenosis. The actual 5-year mortality in men with normal aortic valves was 32·1% and in women was 26·1%, increasing to 40·9% (mild aortic stenosis) and 52·2% (severe aortic stenosis) in men and to 35·9% (mild aortic stenosis) and 55·3% (severe aortic stenosis) in women. Overall, the estimated societal cost of premature mortality associated with aortic stenosis was AU$629 million in men and $735 million in women. Per 1000 men and women investigated, aortic stenosis was associated with eight more premature deaths in men resulting in 32·5 more QALYs lost (societal cost of $1·40 million) and 12 more premature deaths in women resulting in 57·5 more QALYs lost (societal cost of $2·48 million) when compared with those without aortic stenosis.InterpretationAny degree of aortic stenosis in older individuals is associated with premature mortality and QALYs. In this context, there is a crucial need for cost-effective strategies to promptly detect and optimally manage this common condition within our ageing populations.FundingEdwards LifeSciences, National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
The impact of expanded telehealth availability on primary care utilization
Authors: Ram A. Dixit, Raj M. Ratwani, Jasmine A. Bishop, Kevin Schulman, Christopher Sharp, Kerry Palakanis, Ethan Booker
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2022)

The expanded availability of telehealth due to the COVID-19 pandemic presents a concern that telehealth may result in an unnecessary increase in utilization. We analyzed 4,114,651 primary care encounters (939,134 unique patients) from three healthcare systems between 2019 and 2021 and found little change in utilization as telehealth became widely available. Results suggest telehealth availability is not resulting in additional primary care visits and federal policies should support telehealth use.
Positive Allosteric Modulators of Glycine Receptors and Their Potential Use in Pain Therapies
Authors: Casey I. Gallagher, Damien A. Ha, Robert J. Harvey, Robert J. Vandenberg
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2022)

Glycine receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate synaptic inhibition throughout the mammalian spinal cord, brainstem, and higher brain regions. They have recently emerged as promising targets for novel pain therapies due to their ability to produce antinociception by inhibiting nociceptive signals within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. This has greatly enhanced the interest in developing positive allosteric modulators of glycine receptors. Several pharmaceutical companies and research facilities have attempted to identify new therapeutic leads by conducting large-scale screens of compound libraries, screening new derivatives from natural sources, or synthesizing novel compounds that mimic endogenous compounds with antinociceptive activity. Advances in structural techniques have also led to the publication of multiple high-resolution structures of the receptor, highlighting novel allosteric binding sites and providing additional information for previously identified binding sites. This has greatly enhanced our understanding of the functional properties of glycine receptors and expanded the structure activity relationships of novel pharmacophores. Despite this, glycine receptors are yet to be used as drug targets due to the difficulties in obtaining potent, selective modulators with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles that are devoid of side effects. This review presents a summary of the structural basis for how current compounds cause positive allosteric modulation of glycine receptors and discusses their therapeutic potential as analgesics. <h3>Significance Statement</h3> Chronic pain is a major cause of disability, and in Western societies, this will only increase as the population ages. Despite the high level of prevalence and enormous socioeconomic burden incurred, treatment of chronic pain remains limited as it is often refractory to current analgesics, such as opioids. The National Institute for Drug Abuse has set finding effective, safe, nonaddictive strategies to manage chronic pain as their top priority. Positive allosteric modulators of glycine receptors may provide a therapeutic option.
De Novo Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of Thyroid Cartilage
Authors: Manoj Gupta, Sunil Pasricha, Rayaz Ahmed, Jeevitesh Khoda, Partha Sarathi Choudhury
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract Myeloma involving the laryngeal cartilage is rare, whereas extramedullary plasmacytoma involving only the thyroid cartilage is even rarer. No case of de novo extramedullary plasmacytoma involving thyroid cartilage has been published so far. Hence, it was a diagnostic challenge for clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists. Here, we presented a case of a 61-year-old man who had fixed right laryngeal swelling. After 18 F-FDG PET/CT, biopsy, and myeloma workup, it was found to be plasmacytoma involving the right thyroid cartilage lamina. This case highlighted the rarity of this presentation and the importance of keeping in mind this differential to lead toward diagnosis.