tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Metacognitive Therapy Compared to Behavioral Activation for Severely Depressed Outpatients: A Single-Center Randomized Trial
Authors: Anja Schaich, Janne Outzen, Nele Assmann, Carlotta Gebauer, Kamila Jauch-Chara, Daniel Alvarez-Fischer, Michael Hüppe, Adrian Wells, Ulrich Schweiger, Jan Philipp Klein, Eva Fassbinder
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2022)

Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent and disabling disorder. This study examines two psychotherapy methods for MDD, behavioral activation (BA), and metacognitive therapy (MCT), when applied as outpatient treatments to severely affected patients. Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary outpatient treatment center. Patients with a primary diagnosis of MDD (N = 122) were included in the intention-to-treat sample (55.7% female, mean age 41.9 years). Participants received one individual and one group session weekly for 6 months (M). Assessments took place at baseline, pretreatment, mid-treatment (3 M), post-treatment (6 M), and follow-up (12 M). The primary outcome was depressive symptomatology assessed by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression at 12 M follow-up. Secondary outcomes included general symptom severity, psychosocial functioning, and quality of life. Results: Linear mixed models indicated a change in depressive symptoms (F(2, 83.495) = 12.253, p &lt; 0.001) but no between-group effect (F(1, 97.352) = 0.183, p = 0.670). Within-group effect sizes were medium for MCT (post-treatment: d = 0.610; follow-up: d = 0.692) and small to medium for BA (post-treatment: d = 0.636, follow-up: d = 0.326). In secondary outcomes, there were improvements (p ≤ 0.040) with medium to large within-group effect sizes (d ≥ 0.501) but no between-group effects (p ≥ 0.304). Response and remission rates did not differ between conditions at follow-up (response MCT: 12.9%, BA: 13.3%, remission MCT: 9.7%, BA: 10.0%). The deterioration rate was lower in MCT than in BA (χ21 = 5.466, p = 0.019, NTT = 7.4). Discussion: Both MCT and BA showed symptom reductions. Remission and response rates were lower than in previous studies, highlighting the need for further improvements in adapting/implementing treatments for severely affected patients with MDD.
Africa needs to take the lead in shaping the future of health on the continent
Authors: Agnes Binagwaho, Shingai Machingaidze
Journal: BMJ (2022)

For decades, Africa's health priorities, policies, funding sources, and access to medicines have largely been shaped by international organisations, funders, consortiums, and conferences based in the global north.The notion that Africa still has "limited capacity" and "an unskilled workforce" means that funding is often channelled through "experts" and entities in the global north, rather than directly to local organisations or programmes in the global south.This approach inhibits lasting progress.
The Qatar FIFA World Cup 2022 and camel pageant championships increase risk of MERS-CoV transmission and global spread
Authors: Esam I Azhar, David S Hui, Brian McCloskey, Sherif A El-Kafrawy, Avinash Sharma, Markus Maeurer, Shui-Shan Lee, Alimuddin Zumla
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2022)

Mass gatherings, such as sporting events and festivals, create ideal conditions for human-to-human transmission of a range of infectious diseases, which can rapidly spread globally due to ease of travel.1 In Qatar two mass gathering events are being held simultaneously, the FIFA World Cup 2022 championship2 and the Camel Mzayen Club's camel beauty pageant festival.3 These have attracted hundreds of thousands of people from within the Middle East and across the world. Many are attending both events, interacting closely with each other and with camels, creating ideal conditions for the transmission of camel-associated zoonotic pathogens with epidemic potential.
Potential benefit of extended dose schedules of human papillomavirus vaccination in the context of scarce resources and COVID-19 disruptions in low-income and middle-income countries: a mathematical modelling analysis
Authors: Élodie Bénard, Mélanie Drolet, Jean-François Laprise, Mark Jit, Kiesha Prem, Marie-Claude Boily, Marc Brisson
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2022)
Efficacy and safety of azithromycin versus placebo to treat lower respiratory tract infections associated with low procalcitonin: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Ephraim L Tsalik, Nadine G Rouphael, Ruxana T Sadikot, Maria C Rodriguez-Barradas, Micah T McClain, Dana M Wilkins, Christopher W Woods, Geeta K Swamy, Emmanuel B Walter, Hana M El Sahly, Wendy A Keitel, Mark J Mulligan, Bonifride Tuyishimire, Elisavet Serti, Toshimitsu Hamasaki, Scott R Evans, Varduhi Ghazaryan, Marina S Lee, Ebbing Lautenbach, Ghina Alaaeddine, Jennifer J. Zreloff, Nina McNair, Colleen S. Kraft, David L. Roberts, Sharon H. Bergquist, Nour Beydoun, Jesse J. Waggoner, Merin E. Kalangara, Matthew H. Collins, Alexandra W. Dretler, Amer R. Bechnak, Laura Oh, Zhihong Yuan, Brian J. Burrows, Emily R. Ko, Weixiao Dai, Lijuan Zeng
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2022)
Hepcidin-guided screen-and-treat interventions for young children with iron-deficiency anaemia in The Gambia: an individually randomised, three-arm, double-blind, controlled, proof-of-concept, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Rita Wegmüller, Amat Bah, Lindsay Kendall, Morgan M Goheen, Saikou Sanyang, Ebrima Danso, Ebrima A Sise, Amadou Jallow, Hans Verhoef, Momodou W Jallow, Miriam Wathuo, Andrew E Armitage, Hal Drakesmith, Sant-Rayn Pasricha, James H Cross, Carla Cerami, Andrew M Prentice
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2022)

Iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional disorder worldwide. Iron supplementation has modest efficacy, causes gastrointestinal side-effects that limit compliance, and has been associated with serious adverse outcomes in children across low-income settings. We aimed to compare two hepcidin-guided screen-and-treat regimens designed to reduce overall iron dosage by targeting its administration to periods when children were safe and ready to receive iron supplementation, with WHO's recommendation of universal iron supplementation.
The role of multidimensional poverty in antibiotic misuse: a mixed-methods study of self-medication and non-adherence in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda
Authors: Dominique L Green, Katherine Keenan, Kathryn J Fredricks, Sarah I Huque, Martha F Mushi, Catherine Kansiime, Benon Asiimwe, John Kiiru, Stephen E Mshana, Stella Neema, Joseph R Mwanga, Mike Kesby, Andy G Lynch, Hannah Worthington, Emmanuel Olamijuwon, Mary Abed Al Ahad, Annette Aduda, John Mwaniki Njeru, Blandina T Mmbaga, Joel Bazira, Alison Sandeman, John Stelling, Stephen H Gillespie, Gibson Kibiki, Wilber Sabiiti, Derek J Sloan, Matthew T G Holden, Dominique L Green, Katherine Keenan, Kathryn J Fredricks, Sarah I Huque, Martha F Mushi, Catherine Kansiime, Benon Asiimwe, John Kiiru, Stephen E Mshana, Stella Neema, Joseph R Mwanga, Mike Kesby, Andy G Lynch, Hannah Worthington, Emmanuel Olamijuwon, Mary Abed Al Ahad, Annette Aduda, John Mwaniki Njeru, Blandina T Mmbaga, Joel Bazira, Alison Sandeman, John Stelling, Stephen H Gillespie, Gibson Kibiki, Wilber Sabiiti, Derek J Sloan, Matthew T G Holden, V Anne Smith, Arun Gonzales Decano, Antonio Maldonado-Barragán, David Aanensen, Nyanda E Ntinginya, Alison Elliott, Madeleine Clarkson
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2022)
Novel FujiLAM assay to detect tuberculosis in HIV-positive ambulatory patients in four African countries: a diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Helena Huerga, Mathieu Bastard, Alex Vicent Lubega, Milcah Akinyi, Natalia Tamayo Antabak, Liesbet Ohler, Winnie Muyindike, Ivan Mugisha Taremwa, Rosanna Stewart, Claire Bossard, Nothando Nkosi, Zibusiso Ndlovu, Catherine Hewison, Turyahabwe Stavia, Gordon Okomo, Jeremiah Okari Ogoro, Jacqueline Ngozo, Mduduzi Mbatha, Couto Aleny, Stephen Wanjala, Mohammed Musoke, Daniel Atwine, Alexandra Ascorra, Elisa Ardizzoni, Martina Casenghi, Gabriella Ferlazzo, Lydia Nakiyingi, Ankur Gupta-Wright, Maryline Bonnet
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2022)
Early-life stature, preschool cognitive development, schooling attainment, and cognitive functioning in adulthood: a prospective study in four birth cohorts
Authors: Aryeh D Stein, Linda S Adair, Georgina Donati, Charlotte Wray, Linda M Richter, Shane A Norris, Alan Stein, Reynaldo Martorell, Manuel Ramirez-Zea, Ana M B Menezes, Joseph Murray, Cesar Victora, Nanette Lee, Isabelita Bas, Alysse Kowalski, Ann DiGirolamo, Gaia Scerif, Feziwe Mpondo, Delia Belleza, Lukhanyo Nyati, Clive Osmond, Judith Rafaelita Borja, Delia Carba, Tita Lorna Perez, Sonny Agustin Bechavda, Maria F Kroker-Lobos, Jithin S Varghese, Fernando C Barros, Fernando P Hartwig, Bernardo L Horta, Fernando C Wehrmeister
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2022)

BackgroundNutrition is important for growth and brain development and therefore cognitive ability. Growth faltering in early childhood, an important indicator of early adversity, is associated with poorer developmental outcomes, some into adulthood, but this association probably reflects early-life deprivation. We aimed to investigate the associations between early-life stature, child IQ, and adult IQ.MethodsIn this cohort study, we used prospective longitudinal data collected in four birth cohorts from Brazil (born in 1993), Guatemala (born in 1969–77), the Philippines (born in 1983–84), and South Africa (born in 1990). Using multivariable linear models, we estimated the relative contributions of early-life stature, child IQ, and schooling (highest school year completed) to adult IQ, including interaction effects among the early-childhood measures and schooling.FindingsWe included 2614 individuals in the analysis. Early-life stature was associated with adult IQ (range across eight site-by-sex groups –0·14 to 3·17 IQ points) and schooling (–0·05 to 0·77 years) per height-for-age Z-score. These associations were attenuated when controlling for child IQ (–0·86 to 1·72 for adult IQ and –0·5 to 0·60 for schooling). The association of early-life stature with adult IQ was further attenuated when controlling for schooling (–1·86 to 1·21). Child IQ was associated with adult IQ (range 3·91 to 10·02 points) and schooling (0·25 to 1·30 years) per SD of child IQ in all groups; these associations were unattenuated by the addition of early-life stature to the models. The interaction between schooling and child IQ, but not that between schooling and early-life stature, was positively associated with adult IQ across groups.InterpretationThe observed associations of early-life stature with adult IQ and schooling varied across cohorts and sexes and explained little variance in adult IQ beyond that explained by child IQ. These findings suggest that interventions targeted at growth for health and early development are important. Our results are consistent with the inference that improving long-term cognitive outcomes might require interventions that more specifically target early cognitive ability.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Use of Instrumental Variable Analyses for Evaluating Comparative Effectiveness in Empirical Applications of Oncology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Brandon Lu, Sasha Thomson, Scott Blommaert, Mina Tadrous, Craig C. Earle, Kelvin K.W. Chan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

This systematic review aims to characterize the use and trends of instrumental variables (IVs) in oncology research, assess the quality and completeness of IV reporting, and evaluate the agreement and interpretation of IV results in comparison with other techniques used for determining comparative effectiveness in observational research.We performed a systematic search of observational empirical oncology papers evaluating the comparative effectiveness of cancer treatments using IV methods. EMBASE and MEDLINE (through June 2021) were used for a keyword search; Scopus and Web of Science were used for a citation search. Publication details and characteristics of IV analysis and reporting were extracted from each study to examine the uptake and quality of IV applications.Sixty-five empirical papers were identified from February 2001 through June 2021. Geographic variation (50.8%) was the most common type of IV used, and the majority of IV applications constructed binary instruments (53.8%). Concurrent analyses using another non-IV method to adjust for confounding were conducted in 56 (86.2%) studies, 17 (30.4%) of which produced results divergent from IV approaches. We observed a modest uptake of IV methods between 2011 and 2021 together with its dissemination, which remained fairly limited to the United States (76.9%). The quality and completeness of IV reporting varied greatly. The underlying assumptions required for a valid IV analysis were only accounted for in full by 20 (30.8%) studies.There are limited use and variable quality of IV analyses in oncology. Future research should look to establish standards to better facilitate the quality, transparency, and completeness of IV reporting in this setting.
Chasing Milestones
Authors: Ameish Govindarajan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

You always remember the moment your world comes to a halt.Everything comes into stark reality, especially the inane-the socks you were wearing or the type of ceiling tiles over your hospital bed.I lay there alone, a medical student in my 20s, chest tubes emerging from my side.My doctor had just informed me that I had 6-8 months to live.I can still picture those ceiling tiles.
A Microsimulation Study of the Cost-Effectiveness of Hepatitis C Virus Screening Frequencies in Hemodialysis Centers
Authors: Rachel L. Epstein, Tannishtha Pramanick, Dimitri Baptiste, Benjamin Buzzee, Peter P. Reese, Benjamin P. Linas, Deirdre Sawinski
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2022)

National guidelines recommend twice-yearly hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening for patients receiving in-center hemodialysis. However, studies examining the cost-effectiveness of HCV screening methods or frequencies are lacking.
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 on patients with inborn errors of immunity
Authors: Stuart G. Tangye, Laurent Abel, Salah Al-Muhsen, Alessandro Aiuti, Saleh Al-Muhsen, Fahd Al-Mulla, Mark S. Anderson, Evangelos Andreakos, Antonio Novelli, Andrés A. Arias, Hagit Baris Feldman, Alexandre Belot, Catherine M. Biggs, Ahmed A. Bousfiha, Petter Brodin, John Christodoulou, Antonio Condino-Neto, Clifton L. Dalgard, Sara Espinosa-Padilla, Jacques Fellay, Carlos Flores, José Luis Franco, Antoine Froidure, Filomeen Haerynck, Rabih Halwani, Lennart Hammarström, Sarah E. Henrickson, Elena W.Y. Hsieh, Yuval Itan, Timokratis Karamitros, Yu-Lung Lau, Davood Mansouri, Isabelle Meyts, Trine H. Mogensen, Tomohiro Morio, Lisa F.P. Ng, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Giuseppe Novelli, Satoshi Okada, Tayfun Ozcelik, Qiang Pan-Hammarström, Rebeca Perez de Diego, Carolina Prando, Aurora Pujol, Laurent Renia, Igor Resnick, Carlos Rodríguez-Gallego, Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu, Mikko R.J. Seppänen, Anna Shcherbina, Andrew L. Snow, Pere Soler-Palacín, András N. Spaan, Ivan Tancevski, Stuart G. Tangye, Ahmad Abou Tayoun, Sehime G. Temel, Stuart E. Turvey, Mohammed J. Uddin, Donald C. Vinh, Mayana Zatz, Keisuke Okamoto, David S. Pelin, Graziano Pesole, Diederik van de Beek, Roger Colobran, Joost Wauters, Helen C. Su, Jean-Laurent Casanova
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
NAFLD and NASH biomarker qualification in the LITMUS consortium – Lessons learned
Authors: Daniel Guldager Kring Rasmussen, Quentin M. Anstee, Richard Torstenson, Bruno Golding, Scott D. Patterson, Clifford Brass, Paresh Thakker, Stephen Harrison, Andrew N. Billin, Detlef Schuppan, Jean-François Dufour, Anneli Andersson, Ioan Wigley, Elizabeth Shumbayawonda, Andrea Dennis, Corinna Schoelch, Vlad Ratziu, Carla Yunis, Patrick Bossuyt, Morten Asser Karsdal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2022)
Targeting immunoproteasome in neurodegeneration: A glance to the future
Authors: Grazia R. Tundo, Paolo Cascio, Danilo Milardi, Anna Maria Santoro, Grazia Graziani, Pedro Miguel Lacal, Alessio Bocedi, Francesco Oddone, Mariacristina Parravano, Andrea Coletta, Massimo Coletta, Diego Sbardella
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2022)
Capivasertib Doubles PFS in Some Breast Cancers
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2022)

In the phase III CAPItello-291 study, the combination of fulvestrant and capivasertib more than doubled progression-free survival compared with fulvestrant alone in patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors and CDK4/6 inhibitors. The AKT inhibitor could become a treatment option for these patients.
An implantable soft robotic ventilator augments inspiration in a pig model of respiratory insufficiency
Authors: Lucy Hu, Jean Bonnemain, Mossab Y. Saeed, Manisha Singh, Diego Quevedo Moreno, Nikolay V. Vasilyev, Ellen T. Roche
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2022)

Severe diaphragm dysfunction can lead to respiratory failure and to the need for permanent mechanical ventilation. Yet permanent tethering to a mechanical ventilator through the mouth or via tracheostomy can hinder a patient's speech, swallowing ability and mobility. Here we show, in a porcine model of varied respiratory insufficiency, that a contractile soft robotic actuator implanted above the diaphragm augments its motion during inspiration. Synchronized actuation of the diaphragm-assist implant with the native respiratory effort increased tidal volumes and maintained ventilation flow rates within the normal range. Robotic implants that intervene at the diaphragm rather than at the upper airway and that augment physiological metrics of ventilation may restore respiratory performance without sacrificing quality of life.
MonumenTAL Results for Talquetamab in Myeloma
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2022)

Nearly three quarters of the 288 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma enrolled in the phase I/II MonumenTAL-1 trial of the investigational drug talquetamab experienced significant anticancer effects. A first-in-class, off-the-shelf bispecific antibody, talquetamab targets GPRC5D, which is highly expressed on malignant plasma cells but limited on normal cells, and recruits CD3-expressing T cells, activating an immune response.
NVL-520 Is a Selective, TRK-Sparing, and Brain-Penetrant Inhibitor of ROS1 Fusions and Secondary Resistance Mutations
Authors: Alexander Drilon, Joshua C. Horan, Anupong Tangpeerachaikul, Benjamin Besse, Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou, Shirish M. Gadgeel, D. Ross Camidge, Anthonie J. van der Wekken, Linh Nguyen-Phuong, Adam Acker, Clare Keddy, Katelyn S. Nicholson, Satoshi Yoda, Scot Mente, Yuting Sun, John R. Soglia, Nancy E. Kohl, James R. Porter, Matthew D. Shair, Viola Zhu, Monika A. Davare, Aaron N. Hata, Henry E. Pelish, Jessica J. Lin
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2022)

Abstract ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have been approved (crizotinib and entrectinib) or explored (lorlatinib, taletrectinib, and repotrectinib) for the treatment of ROS1 fusion–positive cancers, although none of them simultaneously address the need for broad resistance coverage, avoidance of clinically dose-limiting TRK inhibition, and brain penetration. NVL-520 is a rationally designed macrocycle with &amp;gt;50-fold ROS1 selectivity over 98% of the kinome tested. It is active in vitro against diverse ROS1 fusions and resistance mutations and exhibits 10- to 1,000-fold improved potency for the ROS1 G2032R solvent-front mutation over crizotinib, entrectinib, lorlatinib, taletrectinib, and repotrectinib. In vivo, it induces tumor regression in G2032R-inclusive intracranial and patient-derived xenograft models. Importantly, NVL-520 has an ∼100-fold increased potency for ROS1 and ROS1 G2032R over TRK. As a clinical proof of concept, NVL-520 elicited objective tumor responses in three patients with TKI-refractory ROS1 fusion–positive lung cancers, including two with ROS1 G2032R and one with intracranial metastases, with no observed neurologic toxicities. Significance: The combined preclinical features of NVL-520 that include potent targeting of ROS1 and diverse ROS1 resistance mutations, high selectivity for ROS1 G2032R over TRK, and brain penetration mark the development of a distinct ROS1 TKI with the potential to surpass the limitations of earlier-generation TKIs for ROS1 fusion–positive patients. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 517
The Stiffness‐Sensitive Transcriptome of Human Tendon Stromal Cells
Authors: Amro A. Hussien, Barbara Niederoest, Maja Bollhalder, Nils Goedecke, Jess G. Snedeker
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Extracellular matrix stiffness is a major regulator of cellular states. Stiffness-sensing investigations are typically performed using cells that have acquired "mechanical memory" through prolonged conditioning in rigid environments, e.g., tissue culture plastic (TCP). This potentially masks the full extent of the matrix stiffness-driven mechanosensing programs. Here, a biomaterial composed of 2D mechanovariant silicone substrates with simplified and scalable surface biofunctionalization chemistry is developed to facilitate large-scale cell culture expansion processes. Using RNA sequencing, stiffness-mediated mechano-responses of human tendon-derived stromal cells are broadly mapped. Matrix elasticity (E.) approximating tendon microscale stiffness range (E. ≈ 35 kPa) distinctly favors transcriptional programs related to chromatin remodeling and Hippo signaling; whereas compliant stiffnesses (E. ≈ 2 kPa) are enriched in processes related to cell stemness, synapse assembly, and angiogenesis. While tendon stromal cells undergo dramatic phenotypic drift on conventional TCP, mechanovariant substrates abrogate this activation with tenogenic stiffnesses inducing a transcriptional program that strongly correlates with established tendon tissue-specific expression signature. Computational inference predicts that AKT1 and ERK1/2 are major stiffness-sensing signaling hubs. Together, these findings highlight how matrix biophysical cues may dictate the transcriptional identity of tendon cells, and how matrix mechano-reciprocity regulates diverse sets of previously underappreciated mechanosensitive processes in tendon fibroblasts.
Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Function of Multi‐Material Hierarchically Structured Scaffolds
Authors: Tejas M. Koushik, Catherine M. Miller, Elsa Antunes
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a topic of interest for the last decade, and advances in materials, processing techniques, and the understanding of bone healing pathways have opened new avenues of research. The dual responsibility of BTE scaffolds in providing load-bearing capability and interaction with the local extracellular matrix to promote bone healing is a challenge in synthetic scaffolds. This article describes the usage and processing of multi-materials and hierarchical structures to mimic the structure of natural bone tissues to function as bioactive and load-bearing synthetic scaffolds. The first part of this literature review describes the physiology of bone healing responses and the interactions at different stages of bone repair. The following section reviews the available literature on biomaterials used for BTE scaffolds followed by some multi-material approaches. The next section discusses the impact of the scaffold's structural features on bone healing and the necessity of a hierarchical distribution in the scaffold structure. Finally, the last section of this review highlights the emerging trends in BTE scaffold developments that can inspire new tissue engineering strategies and truly develop the next generation of synthetic scaffolds.