tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human Follicular Mites: Ectoparasites Becoming Symbionts
Authors: Gilbert Smith, Alejandro Manzano-Marín, Mariana Reyes-Prieto, Cátia Sofia Ribeiro Antunes, Victoria Ashworth, Obed Nanjul Goselle, Abdulhalem Abdulsamad A Jan, Andrés Moya, Amparo Latorre, M Alejandra Perotti, Henk R Braig
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2022)

Abstract Most humans carry mites in the hair follicles of their skin for their entire lives. Follicular mites are the only metazoans that continuously live on humans. We propose that Demodex folliculorum (Acari) represents a transitional stage from a host-injuring obligate parasite to an obligate symbiont. Here, we describe the profound impact of this transition on the genome and physiology of the mite. Genome sequencing revealed that the permanent host association of D. folliculorum led to an extensive genome reduction through relaxed selection and genetic drift, resulting in the smallest number of protein-coding genes yet identified among panarthropods. Confocal microscopy revealed that this gene loss coincided with an extreme reduction in the number of cells. Single uninucleate muscle cells are sufficient to operate each of the three segments that form each walking leg. While it has been assumed that the reduction of the cell number in parasites starts early in development, we identified a greater total number of cells in the last developmental stage (nymph) than in the terminal adult stage, suggesting that reduction starts at the adult or ultimate stage of development. This is the first evolutionary step in an arthropod species adopting a reductive, parasitic, or endosymbiotic lifestyle. Somatic nuclei show under-replication at the diploid stage. Novel eye structures or photoreceptors as well as a unique human host melatonin-guided day/night rhythm are proposed for the first time. The loss of DNA repair genes coupled with extreme endogamy might have set this mite species on an evolutionary dead-end trajectory.
Effect of Intra-arrest Transport and Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation on Functional Neurologic Outcome in Refractory Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest—Reply
Authors: Jan Belohlavek, Daniel Rob, Jana Smalcova
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
STAT3-confusion-of-function: Beyond the loss and gain dualism
Authors: Lorenzo Lodi, Laura Eva Faletti, Maria Elena Maccari, Filippo Consonni, Miriam Groß, Ilaria Pagnini, Silvia Ricci, Maximilian Heeg, Gabriele Simonini, Chiara Azzari, Stephan Ehl
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Implementation of Clinical Decision Support on Emergency Department Delivery of Human Rabies Immune Globulin
Authors: Fangzheng Yuan, Tomona Iso, Elsie Rizk, R. Benjamin Saldana, Anh Thu Tran, Ngoc-anh A. Nguyen, Prasanth R. Boyareddigari, Daniela Espino, Joshua T. Swan
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Fatal human rabies infections can be prevented through appropriate rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). Errors in patient selection and administration of human rabies immune globulin in the emergency department (ED) setting were identified in a previous study of rabies PEP administration. <h3>Objective</h3> To test the a priori hypothesis that implementation of a rabies PEP bundle in the ED would improve full adherence to 6 human rabies immune globulin quality indicators compared with preimplementation controls. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This quality improvement study was conducted in 15 EDs in a US multihospital health system. Patients who received human rabies immune globulin or rabies vaccine in the ED from January 2015 to June 2018 were included in the preimplementation control group and from December 2019 to November 2020 were included in the postimplementation intervention group. Data were analyzed in January 2021. <h3>Exposure</h3> The PEP bundle was implemented in December 2019 and consisted of electronic health record enhancements, including clinical decision support, ED staff education, and patient education. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Full adherence to 6 human rabies immune globulin quality indicators: patient selection, dose, timing, infiltration into wounds, administration distant from rabies vaccine site, and administration that avoids the buttock. <h3>Results</h3> The study included 324 patients; 254 patients were in preimplementation group (mean [SD] age, 39 [21] years; 135 [53%] women) and 70 in the postimplementation group (mean [SD] age, 38 [19] years; 33 [47%] women). Most patients presented to EDs embedded in a community hospital (231 patients [71%]). Full adherence increased from 37% in the preimplementation group to 61% postimplementation (absolute increase, 24%; 95% CI, 11% to 37%;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Adherence improved for quality indicators for infiltration into wounds (137 of 254 patients [54%] to 50 of 70 patients [71%];<i>P</i> = .009), administration distant from rabies vaccine site (180 of 254 [71%] to 58 of 70 [83%];<i>P</i> = .04), and administration that avoids the buttock (168 of 254 [66%] to 58 of 70 [83%];<i>P</i> = .007). No instances of sciatic nerve injury or compartment syndrome were observed. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this quality improvement study, implementation of a rabies PEP bundle was associated with improved patient selection and delivery of human rabies immune globulin in EDs across a multihospital health system. Although the bundle included ED staff education and patient discharge education, the observed improvement was likely driven by clinical decision support from the rabies PEP ED order set. Future research should evaluate implementation of this clinical decision support at other health systems.
Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg Twice Daily Plus Aspirin Reduces Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Chronic Atherosclerosis
Authors: Nana Pogosova, Jacqueline Bosch, Deepak L. Bhatt, Keith A.A. Fox, Stuart J. Connolly, Marco Alings, Peter Verhamme, Eva Muehlhofer, Olga Shestakovska, Salim Yusuf, John W. Eikelboom
Journal: Circulation (2022)
Reforming Physician Payments to Achieve Greater Equity and Value in Health Care: A Position Paper of the American College of Physicians
Authors: Brian E. Outland, Shari Erickson, Robert Doherty, William Fox, Lawrence Ward, Brian E. Outland, Shari Erickson, Robert Doherty, William Fox, Lawrence Ward, Scott Manaker, Jason M. Goldman, Stuart Henochowicz, Sarah G. Candler, Robert B. Hauger, Kristin M. Mitchell, Christie M. Reimer, Joshua Liao, Anne Furey Schultz, Tracey Henry, Yoshito Nishimura
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Socioeconomic factors remain one of the most clinically significant contributors to health outcomes in this country, yet the current fee-for-service payment structure incentivizes volume and does not address such factors. The American College of Physicians proposes specific policy recommendations on reforming payment programs, including those designed to treat underserved patient populations, to better address value in health care and achieve greater equity. The proposal advocates that population-based prospective payment models, including hybrid models that combine fee-for-service with prospective payments, not only have the potential to achieve high-value care but can also be designed in such a way as to adjust for the social drivers that impact health outcomes. The need to recognize health care disparities and inequities in the implementation of the Quality Payment Program in particular and risk scoring in general and the need for social policies to improve access to health information technology are further examples of policy prescriptions that can advance equity. Evidence-based services and programs in Medicare Part B that are shown to preserve the Medicare trust fund through savings in Part A should be able to be scored as offsets for the cost of those new programs. The approach of building a health care system that is smarter about how dollars are spent to make people healthier must shift to one with a clear intention of decreasing health inequities and addressing social drivers of health.
What is the Prevalence of Clinically Significant Endoscopic Findings in Subjects With Dyspepsia? Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Siavosh Nasseri-Moghaddam, Amir-Hossein Mousavian, Amir Kasaeian, Takeshi Kanno, Yuhong Yuan, Alexander C Ford, Paul Moayyedi
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2022)
Matt Morgan: Trusting in people, not processes
Authors: Matt Morgan
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Matt Morgan: Trusting in people, not processes Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Recent Use of Non–Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants and Intracranial Hemorrhage Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated With Alteplase
Authors: Andrew J. Webb, Caitlin S. Brown, Megan A. Rech
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Emperor Has No Ganey
Authors: Thomas H. Lee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

LettersJune 2022The Emperor Has No GaneyThomas H. Lee, MD, MSCThomas H. Lee, MD, MSCPress Ganey and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MassachusettsSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L22-0185 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR: Bermas' commentary (1) does not acknowledge research showing the importance of patient experience as a dimension of quality, such as Doyle and colleagues' 2013 systematic review of 55 studies published in BMJ Open (2) or Manary and associates' commentary published in The New England Journal of Medicine (3). In truth, the question of whether data on patient experience are valuable has been settled for at least a decade.Still, much remains to be learned about how best to use these data, particularly for physicians concerned that feedback causes unreasonable and unfair pressure. Bermas' commentary is best considered ...References1. Bermas BL. The emperor has no Ganey [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2022;175:592-3. [PMID: 35157492] doi:10.7326/M21-4075 LinkGoogle Scholar2. Doyle C, Lennox L, Bell D. A systematic review of evidence on the links between patient experience and clinical safety and effectiveness. BMJ Open. 2013;3. [PMID: 23293244] doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001570 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Manary MP, Boulding W, Staelin R, et al. The patient experience and health outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:201-3. [PMID: 23268647] doi:10.1056/NEJMp1211775 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Press Ganey and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MassachusettsNote: Dr. Lee is an employee of Press Ganey.Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L22-0185. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Emperor Has No Ganey Bonnie L. Bermas The Emperor Has No Ganey Bonnie L. Bermas Metrics June 2022Volume 175, Issue 6Page: W64KeywordsHealth care qualityPatient satisfactionPerceptionPsychological stressQuestionnairesRacial and ethnic issuesSub-specialty care ePublished: 21 June 2022 Issue Published: June 2022 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2022 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Booster After Inactivated Vaccine Primary Series
Authors: Howard D. Larkin
Journal: JAMA (2022)

A booster shot of mRNA vaccine after 2 doses of inactivated virus vaccine significantly increases immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and may offer better protection against severe COVID-19 than 3 doses of inactivated vaccine, suggests a preliminary study published in Nature Communications.
Percutaneous Right Atrial Thrombectomy Using Flow Triever (Inari) and En Snare Endovascular System : A Safe Alternative to Surgical Approach - Report of Two Cases
Authors: Antonio Lewis, Odigwe Celestine I, Etuk Aniekeme S, Alejandro Sanchez, Jacob Mina A
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2022)

Surgical thrombectomy is considered the gold standard approach for removal of thrombotic disease within the right heart (RiTH), however some patients have prohibitive surgical risk and the percutaneous approach has been increasingly popular in the past few years. In this manuscript, we present two case reports of patients with both acute and chronic right atrial thrombi; in whom elevated surgical risk deemed them not surgical candidates and both successfully underwent mechanical thrombectomy with Flow Triever suction catheter and En snare endovascular system. To our knowledge, these are the first reported cases of the use of both of these devices for treatment of RiTH.
IL27 Signaling Serves as an Immunologic Checkpoint for Innate Cytotoxic Cells to Promote Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Turan Aghayev, Aleksandra M. Mazitova, Jennifer R. Fang, Iuliia O. Peshkova, Matthew Rausch, Manhsin Hung, Kerry F. White, Ricard Masia, Elizaveta K. Titerina, Aliia R. Fatkhullina, Isabelle Cousineau, Simon Turcotte, Dmitry Zhigarev, Anastasiia Marchenko, Svetlana Khoziainova, Petr Makhov, Yin Fei Tan, Andrew V. Kossenkov, David L. Wiest, John Stagg, Xin Wei Wang, Kerry S. Campbell, Amiran K. Dzutsev, Giorgio Trinchieri, Jonathan A. Hill, Sergei I. Grivennikov, Ekaterina K. Koltsova
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2022)

Abstract Although inflammatory mechanisms driving hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been proposed, the regulators of anticancer immunity in HCC remain poorly understood. We found that IL27 receptor (IL27R) signaling promotes HCC development in vivo. High IL27EBI3 cytokine or IL27RA expression correlated with poor prognosis for patients with HCC. Loss of IL27R suppressed HCC in vivo in two different models of hepatocarcinogenesis. Mechanistically, IL27R sig­naling within the tumor microenvironment restrains the cytotoxicity of innate cytotoxic lymphocytes. IL27R ablation enhanced their accumulation and activation, whereas depletion or functional impairment of innate cytotoxic cells abrogated the effect of IL27R disruption. Pharmacologic neutralization of IL27 signaling increased infiltration of innate cytotoxic lymphocytes with upregulated cytotoxic molecules and reduced HCC development. Our data reveal an unexpected role of IL27R signaling as an immunologic checkpoint regulating innate cytotoxic lymphocytes and promoting HCC of different etiologies, thus indicating a therapeutic potential for IL27 pathway blockade in HCC. Significance: HCC, the most common form of liver cancer, is characterized by a poor survival rate and limited treatment options. The discovery of a novel IL27-dependent mechanism controlling anticancer cytotoxic immune response will pave the road for new treatment options for this devastating disease. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1825
WT1-specific TCRs directed against newly identified peptides install antitumor reactivity against acute myeloid leukemia and ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Rosa A van Amerongen, Renate S Hagedoorn, Dennis F G Remst, Danique C Assendelft, Dirk M van der Steen, Anne K Wouters, Marian van de Meent, Michel G D Kester, Arnoud H de Ru, Marieke Griffioen, Peter A van Veelen, J H Frederik Falkenburg, Mirjam H M Heemskerk
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Transcription factor Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1) is an ideal tumor target based on its expression in a wide range of tumors, low-level expression in normal tissues and promoting role in cancer progression. In clinical trials, WT1 is targeted using peptide-based or dendritic cell-based vaccines and T-cell receptor (TCR)-based therapies. Antitumor reactivities were reported, but T-cell reactivity is hampered by self-tolerance to WT1 and limited number of WT1 peptides, which were thus far selected based on HLA peptide binding algorithms.In this study, we have overcome both limitations by searching in the allogeneic T-cell repertoire of healthy donors for high-avidity WT1-specific T cells, specific for WT1 peptides derived from the HLA class I associated ligandome of primary leukemia and ovarian carcinoma samples.Using broad panels of malignant cells and healthy cell subsets, T-cell clones were selected that demonstrated potent and specific anti-WT1 T-cell reactivity against five of the eight newly identified WT1 peptides. Notably, T-cell clones for WT1 peptides previously used in clinical trials lacked reactivity against tumor cells, suggesting limited processing and presentation of these peptides. The TCR sequences of four T-cell clones were analyzed and TCR gene transfer into CD8+ T cells installed antitumor reactivity against WT1-expressing solid tumor cell lines, primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts, and ovarian carcinoma patient samples.Our approach resulted in a set of naturally expressed WT1 peptides and four TCRs that are promising candidates for TCR gene transfer strategies in patients with WT1-expressing tumors, including AML and ovarian carcinoma.
Update on Dry Eye Disease—Reply
Authors: Farida E. Hakim, Asim V. Farooq
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Late Aortic Insufficiency After Ventricular Device Closure: A Case Report
Authors: Marisha Aryal, Rabindra Timala
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2022)

Device closure of isolated ventricular septal defect is taking precedence over surgical closure in current era. However, device closure in perimembranous and subarterial VSD is complicated by procedural acute aortic regurgitation. In this report we found late aortic regurgitation after four years of device closure of ventricular septal defect. This incident needs one to reconsider the choice of device in patients with perimembranous or subarterial ventricular septal defect as the rim of the occluder device is near the aortic cusp. Early intervention after the development of significant aortic regurgitation is beneficial for the patient.
A new resource for human coronary vessel development
Authors: Ragini Phansalkar, Kristy Red-Horse
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2022)

This editorial refers to ‘Mapping the developing human cardiac endothelium at single cell resolution identifies MECOM as a regulator of arteriovenous gene expression’ by I.R. McCracken et al. The coronary vasculature and the blood vessels supplying the heart are formed during embryonic and post-natal development. While the development of the coronary vasculature in mice has been well-studied, a better understanding of human coronary artery development is essential for efforts to promote arterial regeneration in injured adult hearts. In this study, McCracken et al.1 performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of over 10 000 coronary endothelial cells (ECs) from developing human hearts (Figure 1). Although prior studies2–3 have performed scRNAseq on human hearts, the enrichment of such a large number of ECs is critical for deeper interrogations that answer questions about cell origins and predict cell fate trajectories. McCracken et al. conducted scRNAseq on human hearts at gestational weeks 13 and 14. The equivalent stage of mouse development, between e15 and e18, is notable for significant vascular growth and remodelling. Their data comprise a variety of EC types including capillary, artery, vein, lymphatic, and endocardial. They uncovered both micro- and macro-vascular arterial populations, as well as two populations of capillary cells marked by expression of either INMT or KIT, consistent with a previous study.4