tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Do-It-Yourself Medicine
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Home medical advisers represent an important category of the book trade. The present-day market seems insatiable and every year new books appear, each trying to provide laymen with helpful medical information. It would be quite impossible to trace the origin of what we may call do-it-yourself medicine, wherein a physician presents technical information to the public. When a line became more clearly drawn between the medical practitioner and the layman, and different grades of physicians separated off from the empirics and quacks, the texts directed specifically toward laymen became more and more numerous. The 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries witnessed increasing numbers of such publications. In this article, which can only scratch the surface, I will consider a few 19th-century American publications that belong in the category of "do-it-yourself" medicine. Today, books of this type emphasize the professional activity of the physician. They provide the layman with background material to
Response to Deltoid Muscle Injection of Hepatitis B Vaccine After Failure to Respond to Gluteal Injections
Authors: David J. Weber
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We recently reported a multivariate analysis of the risk factors associated with a poor immunogenic response to the hepatitis B plasma vaccine among 194 employees of a community hospital.<sup>1</sup>The vaccine had been stored and administered according to manufacturer's recommendations. Employees received all three doses of the vaccine in the buttock with a 2.5-cm, 23-gauge needle. Overall, only 56% (108/194) of the employees developed antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) as measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Abbott). A high body weight-height index (a measure of obesity) was found to be predictive of a lack of antibody response. To date, 41 of the 86 employees who initially failed to develop anti-HBs have received two additional doses of the vaccine in the deltoid using a 2.5-cm, 23-gauge needle. The initial repeated immunization was conducted 425 ± 15 days after the completion of the primary series, and
Immoral and Moral Uses of Animals
Authors: Christina Hoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

One can do something wrong to a tree, but it makes no sense to speak of wronging it. Can one wrong an animal? Many philosophers think not, and many research scientists adopt the attitude that the use of laboratory animals raises no serious moral questions. It is understandable that they should do so. Moral neutrality toward the objects of one's research is conducive to scientific practice. Scientists naturally wish to concentrate on their research and thus tend not to confront the problems that may arise in the choice of techniques. In support of this attitude of indifference, they could cite . . .
Cell Proliferation Kinetics in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Man. III. Cell Renewal in Esophagus, Stomach, and Jejunum of a Patient With Treated Pernicious Anemia&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Bertrand Bell, Thomas P. Almy, Martin Lipkin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

After administration of tritium-labeled thymidine, the replication of cells in the esophagus, stomach, and jejunum was studied in a patient with treated pernicious anemia. The gastric mucosa showed atrophy, and intestinal cell types were present in some areas. In adjacent mucosa, gastric polyps and carcinoma had previously been excised. The findings were compared with similar measurements made in a single patient with normal gastric mucosa. Epithelial cells of gastric mucosa in pernicious anemia demonstrated rapid proliferation and migration, comparable to, or slightly more rapid than, the normal mucosa, and, in addition, early extrusion into the gastric lumen. Grain counts over labeled mitoses in normal stomach were compatible with an interpretation of a uniform rate of DNA synthesis during most of the DNA synthesis phase. The distribution of DNA synthesizing cells in crypts of jejunum followed a statistical Poisson distribution. Estimates were also made of the rate of cell proliferation in the esophagus.
Mortality Effects of Cigarette Smoking Among Amosite Asbestos Factory Workers&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Irving J. Selikoff, M.D., Herbert Seidman, M.B.A., E. Cuyler Hammond, Sc.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Nine hundred and thirty-three amosite asbestos factory workers began work from June 1941 through December 1945. At 20 years from onset of employment (1961–65), 582 were known to be alive and to have had asbestos work experience solely at the factory. Smoking habits were ascertained at 20 years from onset of employment, and observation was then maintained prospectively through 1977; 304 deaths occurred, approximately twice the number expected. The excess mortality was largely due to malignant neoplasms: 116 neoplasms as compared to 33 expected. Sixty cancer deaths were from lung cancer and 14 more were due to mesothelioma. Nevertheless, had it not been for cigarette smoking, many of the excess deaths would have been avoided. Asbestos alone would have accounted for much of the increase, including some excess deaths from lung cancer, but not for most of the deaths (60) from this neoplasm. With the use of smoking-specific mortality rates, it was calculated that the combination of cigarette smoking and asbestos exposure increased the risk of lung cancer death about 80 times. Thus the experience of the amosite asbestos factory workers agreed with that of insulation workers and provided evidence that the asbestos-smoking interaction is specific for asbestos rather than other possible influences in industrial environments.
A Manual of Midwifery for Students and Practitioners.
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
British Society for Paediatric Dermatology
Authors: M Ridd, D Gaunt, K Garfield, S Hollinghurst, N Redmond, R Guy, N Ball, L Shaw, S Purdy, C Metcalfe, N Alband, D Kumar, R Jones, D James, M Ogboli, F Browne, C Moss, A Martinez, J Mellerio, A Dubois, M Splitt, S Leech
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Emollients are the mainstay of treatment for eczema, but there are many different types and little research comparing them.We present findings from a feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT) on the acceptability and effectiveness of four emollients for the treatment of children with eczema.Children with eczema (aged 1 month to < 5 years) were recruited via their general practice and randomized to Aveeno lotion, Diprobase cream, Doublebase gel or Hydromol Ointment, with directions to use them twice daily and when required.Data on emollient use, eczema severity [Patient Orientated Eczema Measure (POEM) and Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI)] and quality of life [Atopic Dermatitis Quality of Life (ADQoL)] were collected for 3 months.Parents completed an exit questionnaire at the end of the study that included questions about satisfaction with emollients.Overall 197 children were recruited, and the baseline characteristics were balanced between the different arms: overall mean POEM 8Á8 AE 5Á9 and EASI 2Á9 AE 3Á8.In total 151 (76Á6%) attended the final follow-up visit.The median (interquartile range) reported use was similar for all emollients: Aveeno 77Á0 (69Á0-81Á0), Diprobase 76Á5 (57Á0-82Á0), Doublebase 78Á0 (41Á0-83Á0) and Hydromol 70Á0 (33Á0-77Á0).Eczema severity and ADQoL scores improved over time for all participantsthere did not appear to be any difference between the four treatment groups with respect to any of the outcomes.The mean POEM scores at baseline (T0) and 84 days (T3), respectively, were Aveeno 8Á3 AE 5Á9, 3Á7 AE 3Á9; Diprobase 8Á5 AE 6Á5, 5Á2 AE 4Á4; Doublebase 9Á7 AE 5Á4, 3Á9 AE 4Á8; and Hydromol 8Á8 AE 5Á7, 4Á4 AE 5Á7.The mean EASI scores at T0 and T3, respectively, were Aveeno 2Á8 AE 3Á6, 1Á3 AE 1Á6; Diprobase 3Á5 AE 4Á1, 2Á5 AE 2Á9; Doublebase 2Á7 AE 4Á2, 1Á8 AE 5Á3; and Hydromol 2Á7 AE 3Á3, 2Á2 AE 2Á9.The respective mean ADQoL scores at T0 and T3 were Aveeno 0Á77 AE 0Á10, 0Á81 AE 0Á07; Diprobase 0Á79 AE 0Á08, 0Á82 AE 0Á04; Doublebase 0Á79 AE 0Á08, 0Á81 AE 0Á06; and Hydromol 0Á81 AE 0Á07, 0Á81 AE 0Á07.Parents rated Aveeno lotion as the most acceptable (very good/good 85%), and Aveeno lotion (very good/good 69%) and Hydromol ointment (very good/good 67%) as the most effective.These first-of-itskind data from a feasibility RCT comparing four commonly used emollients do not suggest that any emollient is clearly superior or inferior.However, parental appraisal of emollients appears to be complex and may represent a trade-off between acceptability and effectiveness.
Editorial board and contents
Authors: Simone Hoegg, Axel Meyer, Sharyl Wong, Lan Zhang, Frederick Roth, Jeroen Raes, Yves Van, A Gutierrez-Preciado, R Jensen, C Yanofsky, E Merino, Klaudia Walter, Irina Abnizova, Greg Elgar, Walter Gilks, Anne Donaldson, Robert Martienssen, Mikel Zaratiegui, Derek Goto, Ian Morison, Joshua Ramsay, Hamish Spencer, Thomas Royce, Joel Rozowsky, Paul Bertone, Manoj Samanta, Viktor Stolc, Sherman Weissman, Michael Snyder, Mark Trendsin, Robert Shields, Treasa Creavin, Manager Moulton, P Borst, H Horvitz, E Koonin, E Meyerowitz, S Moreno, D Sherratt, D Tautz, Ko ¨ln, S Merabet, J Pradel, Y Graba, M Goodman, L Grossman, D Wildman, M Owen, N Craddock, M O'donovan, M Nissim-Rafinia, B Kerem, W Smith, M Kourakis
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2005)
IHI Views Collaboration vs Competition in Quality
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1997)

THIS ISN'T a trick question: If surgery is scheduled for 9 AM, what does that mean? Should the patient simply arrive in the operating room at the appointed hour, or should the incision be made at 9 AM? "One reason surgery doesn't start on time is that no one agrees on what the start time is," said Donald M. Berwick, MD, president, chief executive officer, and cofounder of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) in Boston, Mass. Such miscommunication that results in delays for patients and physicians is among a dozen or so topics that IHI has targeted in its 2-year-old Breakthrough Series. The series is a set of formal collaborations that IHI sponsors to bring up to 40 health care organizations together "to put knowledge into action" on a single health care improvement issue, Berwick said. Whether the series has addressed reduction in waiting times, high cesarean delivery rates
An Illustrated Dictionary of Medicine, Biology and Allied Sciences,
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Poster Session 3: Clinical and Translational Fibrosis Research; Encephalopathy and Other Complications of Cirrhosis
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

903Atransgenic expression of HNP-1 enhances hepatic fibrosis and hepatocyte apoptosis in a murine steatohepatitis model established by ethanol administration or a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined diet.We also showed that HNP-1 exerts an additive effect on ethanol-induced hepatocyte apoptosis in SK-Hep1 hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro.The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of hepatocyte apoptosis induced by HNP-1.Materials and Methods Transgenic (Tg) mice expressing HNP-1 under the control of a β-actinbased promoter were established.Ethanol was orally administered to HNP-1 Tg or wild-type C57BL/6N (WT) mice for 24 weeks.Gene expression and protein levels in liver tissue were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively.Apoptosis-related microRNAs were analyzed using miScript miRNA PCR Array and real-time PCR.SK-Hep1 hepatocellular carcinoma cells were used to investigate the effect of HNP-1 on hepatocytes in vitro.Results After 24 weeks of ethanol administration, hepatocyte apoptosis, as assessed by TUNEL assay, was significantly more severe in TG mice than in WT mice.Apoptosis was accompanied by higher protein levels of caspase-3, caspase-8, cleaved PARP, and Bax in liver tissue.Levels of CD14, TLR4, NFκB-p65, and IL-6 were higher in TG mice than in WT mice.In addition, p-ASK1, ASK1, p-JNK, JNK1, JNK2, and CHOP were all more abundant in TG mice than in WT mice.By contrast, the level of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein in the liver was significantly lower in TG mice than in WT mice.Analysis of apoptosis-related microRNAs in liver tissue revealed that miR-34a-5p expression was significantly higher in TG mice than in WT mice.Furthermore, in the presence of ethanol, HNP-1 increased the levels of caspase 3 and Bax and decreased the level of Bcl-2 in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro.Conclusion HNP-1 secreted by neutrophils may exacerbate hepatocyte apoptosis following alcoholic liver injury via elevated microRNA expression.
Immunofluorescence Studies in a Case of Goodpasture's Syndrome
Authors: Benjamin C. Sturgill
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THE ASSOCIATION of glomerulonephritis and hemorrhagic pneumonitis was first described by Goodpasture<sup>1</sup>in 1919, but only in the past ten years has serious consideration been given to the idea that this represents a distinct clinical and pathologic entity. During this time, nearly 100 cases have been reported and recently reviewed.<sup>2</sup>Although the etiology is not known, the recent demonstration of γ-globulin localization in glomeruli has suggested that, as in glomerulonephritis, an immunologic mechanism is responsible for the renal lesion.<sup>3</sup> The present report confirms the finding of γ-globulin localization in the glomerular basement membrane and shows for the first time localization of γ-globulin in the alveolar septa. This suggests that the renal and pulmonary lesions are caused by the same mechanism. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 17-year-old white boy had scarlet fever at the age of 13, but the disease apparently was not complicated and recovery was uneventful.
Landmarks and Surface Markings of the Human Body
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Serum Electrolyte Relationship to Electrocardiographic Change in Exercising Athletes
Authors: Kenneth D. Rose
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Increase in amplitude and peaking of the T wave of the electrocardiogram following exercise is a well-known phenomenon. It was first reported in 1908 by Muller and Nicholai,<sup>1</sup>and their observations have been frequently confirmed in the following years.<sup>2,3</sup>The peaked precordial T wave associated with the immediate postexercise period is essentially identical with T wave in hyperkalemia. However, very little effort has been made to correlate the two, although there have been numerous well-documented reports linking physical exercise to transient increases in serum and plasma potassium levels.<sup>4</sup>Since Fenn's<sup>5,6</sup>excellent review articles, it has been an accepted fact that potassium efflux from somatic muscle to extracellular space attends contraction, and Grupp,<sup>7</sup>among others, has shown that potassium transfer from the extracellular spaces surrounding muscle cells in situ to the circulating plasma is extremely rapid, if not instantaneous. Winkler, et al<sup>8</sup>in slow-perfusion experiments
Diagnosis of Renal Artery Stenosis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Summaries for Patients18 September 2001Diagnosis of Renal Artery StenosisSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-6-200109180-00004 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Renal artery stenosis is a narrowing of the artery that supplies blood to the kidney, a condition that can cause high blood pressure and eventually lead to kidney failure. The most accurate way to test for renal artery stenosis is to x-ray the renal arteries after injecting them directly with dye (intra-arterial angiography), which is invasive and sometimes dangerous. Several other noninvasive, less dangerous tests can help diagnose renal artery stenosis by showing the anatomy of arteries, detecting changes in blood flow, or measuring kidney function. These include ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Diagnostic Tests for Renal Artery Stenosis in Patients Suspected of Having Renovascular Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis.” It is in the 18 September 2001 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 135, pages 401-411). The authors are GBC Vasbinder, PJ Nelemans, AGH Kessels, AA Kroon, PW de Leeuw, and JMA van Engelshoven.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoDiagnostic Tests for Renal Artery Stenosis in Patients Suspected of Having Renovascular Hypertension G. Boudewijn C. Vasbinder , Patricia J. Nelemans , Alfons G.H. Kessels , Abraham A. Kroon , Peter W. de Leeuw , and Jos M.A. van Engelshoven Metrics 18 September 2001Volume 135, Issue 6Page: I-38KeywordsAngiographyBlood flowKidneysMagnetic resonance angiographyPrimary hypertensionRenal arteriesRenal failureStenosisUltrasound imagingVeins ePublished: 18 September 2001 Issue Published: 18 September 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Left Bundle-Branch Block and the ECG in Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Elena B. Sgarbossa, Sergio L. Pinski, Galen S. Wagner
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal