tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BRCA-CRisk: A Contralateral Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Model for<i>BRCA</i>Carriers
Authors: Jie Sun, Futao Chu, Jiani Pan, Yaxin Zhang, Lu Yao, Jiuan Chen, Li Hu, Juan Zhang, Ye Xu, Xiaojia Wang, Wenming Cao, Yuntao Xie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

PURPOSE The absolute cumulative risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC) for patients with BRCA1/ 2 variants is unknown. The purpose of this study was to develop a CBC risk prediction model for assessing CBC risk for BRCA1/ 2 carriers. METHODS The primary cohort of 491 patients with BRCA1/ 2 variants was derived from a large series of unselected patients with breast cancer. A nomogram was established on the basis of the results of a multivariate Cox regression analysis from this cohort. This model, named BRCA-CRisk, was further validated by an independent cohort of 205 patients with BRCA1/ 2 variants. Discrimination and calibration of the model were assessed. RESULTS In the primary cohort of 491 patients, 66 developed contralateral breast cancer after a median follow-up of 7.0 years. Four variables were significantly associated with risk of CBC and were incorporated in the establishment of the BRCA-CRisk prediction model: younger age at first breast cancer (with continuous variable, P = .002), positive first-degree family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 1.89; 95% CI, 1.16 to 3.08; P = .011), variant located near the 3′ region of BRCA (HR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.23 to 3.30; P = .006), and endocrine therapy (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.88; P = .013). The area under the time-dependent curves for the 5- and 10-year cumulative risks of CBC were 0.775 and 0.702, respectively. The model was well validated in the independent cohort of 205 BRCA1/ 2 carriers, with area under the curves of 0.750 and 0.691 for 5 and 10 years, respectively. CONCLUSION BRCA-CRisk model provides a useful tool for assessing the absolute cumulative risk of CBC for BRCA1/ 2 carriers and may help carriers and clinicians optimally select risk-reducing strategies on the basis of individual CBC risk.
Distribution of intra‐host variations and mutations in the genomes of SARS‐CoV‐2 and their implications on detection and therapeutics
Authors: Dongyan Xiong, Xiaoxu Zhang, Junping Yu, Hongping Wei
Journal: MedComm (2022)

The ongoing circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) has caused global concerns, because VOCs could escape current vaccines, antiviral drugs, and diagnosis. Analyzing mutations and intra-host diversities in different and widespread VOCs can provide important insights to virus adaptive evolution and validity of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and diagnosis. In this study, by analyzing 1744 high-throughput sequencing data for intra-host single-nucleotide variations (iSNVs) and 3,668,205 genome sequences for mutations in different VOCs, it was found that Omicron variant is still evolving at high speed, especially having high iSNVs frequency in its S and N genes. The efficacies of antibodies or detection primers targeting these two genes are at high risks to be invalid. Instead, highly conserved regions such as NSP8 gene could be better therapeutic and detection targets. Furthermore, mutations in later VOCs could be traced to the minor alleles in the previous variant samples such as Alpha and Delta in different countries. Finally, it was found that mutations C14408T in RdRp and A18163G in NSP14 gene might be associated with the higher genetic diversity in Omicron. Our findings not only contribute to understanding the adaptive evolution of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs, but also provide useful information for both drugs and diagnostic kits development.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: The Jury Is Still Out
Authors: Patrick J. Hanly, Mark L. Unruh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

"CPAP Therapy for CKD in Patients with OSA: The Jury Is Still Out." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp. –
Comparison of adenoma detection rate and proximal serrated polyp detection rate and their effect on post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer mortality in screening patients
Authors: Jasmin Zessner-Spitzenberg, Elisabeth Waldmann, Lena Jiricka, Lisa-Maria Rockenbauer, Anna Hinterberger, Jeremy Cook, Arno Asaturi, Aleksandra Szymanska, Barbara Majcher, Michael Trauner, Monika Ferlitsch
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Patients with serrated polyps are at increased risk for post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC); however, evidence for a dedicated serrated polyp detection rate is lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the proximal serrated polyp detection rate (PSDR) and adenoma detection rate (ADR) with PCCRC death.This was a retrospective analysis within the Austrian quality assurance program for screening colonoscopy. Spearman's rank coefficient was calculated for the assessment of association between ADR and PSDR. Whether ADR or PSDR were associated with colorectal cancer mortality was assessed by Cox proportional hazards model.229/729 screening colonoscopies performed by 308 endoscopists were analyzed. The ADR (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 percentage point increase 0.98, 95 %CI 0.96-0.99) as well as the PSDR (HR per 1 percentage point increase 0.97, 95 %CI 0.94-0.99) were significantly associated with PCCRC death. The correlation coefficient of the ADR and PSDR calculated at every colonoscopy was 0.70 (95 %CI 0.70-0.71), and the corresponding PSDR value for an ADR performance standard of 25 % was 11.1 %. At the end of the study period, 86 endoscopists (27.9 %) reached an ADR of > 25 % and a PSDR of > 11.1 %.The ADR as well as the PSDR were associated with PCCRC death. Striving for a high PSDR in addition to a high ADR might reduce the risk for PCCRC mortality in patients undergoing screening colonoscopy.
Breast cancer cells survive chemotherapy by activating targetable immune-modulatory programs characterized by PD-L1 or CD80
Authors: Ashkan Shahbandi, Fang-Yen Chiu, Nathan A. Ungerleider, Raegan Kvadas, Zeinab Mheidly, Meijuan J. S. Sun, Di Tian, Daniel A. Waizman, Ashlyn Y. Anderson, Heather L. Machado, Zachary F. Pursell, Sonia G. Rao, James G. Jackson
Journal: Nature Cancer (2022)
Wisecrack
Authors: Jenna Le
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Psychedelic Drug Legislative Reform and Legalization in the US
Authors: Joshua S. Siegel, James E. Daily, Demetrius A. Perry, Ginger E. Nicol
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2022)

Psychedelic drugs are becoming accessible in the US through a patchwork of state legislative reforms. This shift necessitates consensus on treatment models, education and guidance for health care professionals, and planning for implementation and regulation.To assess trends in psychedelics legislative reform and legalization in the US to provide guidance to health care professionals, policy makers, and the public.Data were compiled from legislative databases (BillTrack50, LexisNexis, and Ballotpedia) from January 1, 2019, to September 28, 2022. Legislation was identified by searching for terms related to psychedelics (eg, psilocybin, MDMA, peyote, mescaline, ibogaine, LSD, ayahuasca, and DMT). Bills were coded by an attorney along 2 axes: which psychedelic drugs would be affected and in what ways (eg, decriminalization, funding for medical research, and right to try). To explore drivers and rates of legislative reform, data were compared with other state indices including 2020 presidential voting margins and marijuana legislative reform.Twenty-five states have considered 74 bills (69 legislative initiatives, 5 ballot measures); 10 bills were enacted, and 32 were still active. The number of psychedelic reform bills introduced during each calendar year increased steadily from 5 in 2019 to 6 in 2020, 27 in 2021, and 36 in 2022. Nearly all bills specified psilocybin (67 [90%]), and many also included MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine; 27 [36%]). While bills varied in their framework, most (43 [58%]) proposed decriminalization, of which few delineated medical oversight (10 of 43 [23%]) or training and/or licensure requirements (15 of 43 [35%]). In general, bills contained less regulatory guidance than the enacted Oregon Measure 109. While early legislative efforts occurred in liberal states, the margin between liberal and conservative states has decreased over time (although the difference was not significant), suggesting that psychedelic drug reform is becoming a bipartisan issue. In addition, an analytic model based on marijuana legalization projected that a majority of states will legalize psychedelics by 2034 to 2037.Legislative reform for psychedelic drugs has been proceeding in a rapid, patchwork fashion in the US. Further consideration should be given to key health care issues such as establishing (1) standards for drugs procured outside the medical establishment, (2) licensure criteria for prescribers and therapists, (3) clinical and billing infrastructure, (4) potential contraindications, and (5) use in special populations like youths, older adults, and pregnant individuals.
Association Between Metastatic Melanoma Response to Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Classification on Primary Cutaneous Melanoma Biopsies
Authors: Michael R. Stephens, Oyinade Aderbigbe, Wei Xu, Giorgos C. Karakousis, Michael E. Ming, Emily Y. Chu
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

This cohort study examines the association between tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte classification and disease progression among patients with metastatic primary cutaneous melanoma receiving checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Transforming Atrial Fibrillation Research to Integrate Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Emelia J. Benjamin, Kevin L. Thomas, Alan S. Go, Patrice Desvigne-Nickens, Christine M. Albert, Alvaro Alonso, Alanna M. Chamberlain, Utibe R. Essien, Inmaculada Hernandez, Mellanie True Hills, Kiarri N. Kershaw, Phillip D. Levy, Jared W. Magnani, Daniel D. Matlock, Emily C. O’Brien, Carlos J. Rodriguez, Andrea M. Russo, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Lawton S. Cooper, Sana M. Al-Khatib
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2022)

Only modest attention has been paid to the contributions of social determinants of health to atrial fibrillation (AF) risk factors, diagnosis, symptoms, management, and outcomes. The diagnosis of AF provides unique challenges exacerbated by the arrhythmia's often paroxysmal nature and individuals' disparate access to health care and technologies that facilitate detection. Social determinants of health affect access to care and management decisions for AF, increasing the likelihood of adverse outcomes among individuals who experience systemic disadvantages. Developing effective approaches to address modifiable social determinants of health requires research to eliminate the substantive inequities in health care delivery and outcomes in AF.
Trends in Episode-of-Care Spending for Cancer-Directed Surgery Among US Medicare Beneficiaries From 2011 to 2019
Authors: Alexander Melamed, Yu-Li Lin, Abbas M. Hassan, J. Alejandro Rauh-Hain, Bradley Herring, Nancy L. Keating, Anaeze C. Offodile
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

This cross-sectional study examines trends in the number of cancer-directed surgeries from 2011 to 2019 among US patients aged 65 years or older and in Medicare spending for those surgeries overall and by inpatient vs outpatient sites of care.
Stress Hyperglycemia Drives the Risk of Hospitalization for Chest Pain in Patients With Ischemia and Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries (INOCA)
Authors: Pasquale Mone, Angela Lombardi, Luigi Salemme, Angelo Cioppa, Grigore Popusoi, Fahimeh Varzideh, Antonella Pansini, Stanislovas S. Jankauskas, Imma Forzano, Roberta Avvisato, Xujun Wang, Tullio Tesorio, Gaetano Santulli
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

OBJECTIVE Ischemia with nonobstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) is a prevailing finding in patients with angina. However, the main factors underlying the risk of being rehospitalized for chest pain in patients with INOCA remain mostly unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated INOCA patients referred to the “Casa di Cura Montevergine” in Mercogliano (Avellino), Italy, from January 2016 to January 2021 for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In these subjects, we assessed the impact of the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR), defined as the ratio of mmol/L blood glucose and % HbA1c, on the risk of rehospitalization for chest pain. RESULTS A total of 2,874 patients with INOCA successfully completed the study. At the 1-year follow-up, the risk of rehospitalization for chest pain was significantly higher (P &amp;lt; 0.001) in INOCA patients with SHR &amp;gt;1 compared to patients with SHR ≤1. These findings were confirmed by multivariable analyses (adjusting for potential confounders, including age, BMI, blood pressure, heart rate, chronic kidney disease, and cholesterol), propensity score matching, and inverse probability of treatment weighting. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate, to our knowledge for the first time, that SHR on hospital admission significantly and independently increases the risk of rehospitalization for chest pain in INOCA patients.
Should DDGP Regimen Be the Standard of Care for Advanced Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma? The New Staging System Matters
Authors: Liang Wang
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Ultra-processed food consumption and risk of colorectal cancer precursors: results from 3 prospective cohorts
Authors: Dong Hang, Lu Wang, Zhe Fang, Mengxi Du, Kai Wang, Xiaosheng He, Neha Khandpur, Sinara L Rossato, Kana Wu, Zhibin Hu, Hongbing Shen, Shuji Ogino, Andrew T Chan, Edward L Giovannucci, Fang Fang Zhang, Mingyang Song
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2022)

Growing evidence indicates the adverse effect of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption. However, it remains unknown whether UPF consumption influences the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) precursors, namely conventional adenomas and serrated lesions.
Errors in the Results and Supplement
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2022)

David Mongan, MB BCh, BAO; Melanie Föcking, PhD; Colm Healy, MSc; Subash Raj Susai, MSc; Meike Heurich, PhD; Kieran Wynne, MSc; Barnaby Nelson, PhD; Patrick D. McGorry, PhD; G. Paul Amminger, PhD; Merete Nordentoft, PhD; Marie-Odile Krebs, PhD; Anita Riecher-Rössler, PhD; Rodrigo A. Bressan, PhD; Neus Barrantes-Vidal, PhD; Stefan Borgwardt, MD; Stephan Ruhrmann, MD; Gabriele Sachs, PhD; Christos Pantelis, MD; Mark van der Gaag, PhD; Lieuwe de Haan, PhD; Lucia Valmaggia, PhD; Thomas A. Pollak, PhD; Matthew J. Kempton, PhD; Bart P. F. Rutten, PhD; Robert Whelan, PhD; Mary Cannon, PhD; Stan Zammit, PhD; Gerard Cagney, PhD; David R. Cotter, PhD; Philip McGuire, PhD; European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) High Risk Study Group
Hiding in Plain Sight
Authors: Jwan A. Naser, Delvise Fogwe, Matthew Ho, Cristina Corsini Campioli, Aditya Shah
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

A 64-year-old man presented to a rheumatology clinic with migratory polyarthralgias. He noted fatigue but no rash, dyspnea, chest pain, dysuria, fever, chills, or gastrointestinal symptoms.
Effectiveness of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Dominic Wei Ting Yap, Alberto Giovanni Leone, Nicky Zhun Hong Wong, Joseph J. Zhao, Jeremy Chee Seong Tey, Raghav Sundar, Filippo Pietrantonio
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved survival outcomes of patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in both first- and second-line settings. However, the benefit of ICIs in patients with low programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression remains unclear.
More Than a Pause—Reply
Authors: Alessandra L. Moore, Douglas S. Smink, Erika L. Rangel
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Association of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Resected Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma After Multiagent Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Toshitaka Sugawara, Salvador Rodriguez Franco, Samantha Sherman, Michael J. Kirsch, Kathryn Colborn, Jun Ishida, Samuele Grandi, Mohammed H. Al-Musawi, Ana Gleisner, Richard D. Schulick, Marco Del Chiaro
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

The total number of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) who receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is increasing. However, the added role of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in these patients remains unknown.To evaluate the association of AC with overall survival (OS) in patients with PDAC who received multiagent NAC followed by curative-intent surgery.This retrospective, matched-cohort study used data from the National Cancer Database and included patients with PDAC diagnosed between 2010 and 2018. The study included patients at least 18 years of age who received multiagent NAC followed by surgical resection and had available records of the pathological findings. Patients were excluded if they had clinical or pathological stage IV disease or died within 90 days of their operation.All included patients received NAC and underwent resection for primary PDAC. Some patients received adjuvant chemotherapy.The main outcome was the OS of patients who received AC (AC group) vs those who did not (non-AC group). Interactions between pathological findings and AC were investigated in separate multivariable Cox regression models.In total, 1132 patients (mean [SD] age, 63.5 [9.4] years; 577 [50.1%] male; 970 [85.7%] White) were included, 640 patients in the non-AC group and 492 patients in the AC group. After being matched by propensity score according to demographic and pathological characteristics, 444 patients remained in each group. The multivariable Cox regression model adjusted for all covariates revealed an association between AC and improved survival (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.59-0.85; P < .001). Subgroup interaction analysis revealed that AC was significantly associated with better OS (26.6 vs 21.2 months; P = .002), but the benefit varied by age, pathological T category, and tumor differentiation. Of note, AC was associated with better survival in patients with any pathological N category and positive margin status.In this cohort study, AC following multiagent NAC and resection in patients with PDAC was associated with significant survival benefit compared with that in patients who did not receive AC. These findings suggest that patients with aggressive tumors may benefit from AC to achieve prolonged survival, even after multiagent NAC and curative-intent resection.
Reticular Pseudodrusen Status, ARMS2/HTRA1 Genotype, and Geographic Atrophy Enlargement
Authors: Elvira Agrón, Amitha Domalpally, Catherine A. Cukras, Traci E. Clemons, Qingyu Chen, Anand Swaroop, Zhiyong Lu, Emily Y. Chew, Tiarnan D.L. Keenan
Journal: Ophthalmology (2022)
Bronchial Edema–like Varices in Pulmonary Vein Stenosis after Lung Lobectomy
Authors: Ken Tonai, Shinshu Katayama, Hiroyoshi Tsubochi, Shin Nunomiya
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

"Bronchial Edema–like Varices in Pulmonary Vein Stenosis after Lung Lobectomy." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 207(9), pp. 1237–1238
Defending Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Undergraduate and Medical School Admission Policies
Authors: Roy H. Hamilton, Suzanne Rose, Horace M. DeLisser
Journal: JAMA (2022)

This Viewpoint argues that reversing or restricting the use of race and ethnicity in academic admission policies could also threaten the diversity of medical schools, both directly by restricting race consciousness in medical school admission practices and indirectly by reducing the overall number of minoritized undergraduate students attending US colleges and universities who could apply to medical school.