tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Case of Primary Esophageal Sarcomatoid Carcinoma Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Tao Chen, Wenfei Li, Jianzhong Fan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Primary sarcomatoid carcinoma of the esophagus is a rare and highly malignant neoplasm with a poor prognosis. A 51-year-old man presented with difficulty in swallowing for 2 weeks. Thoracic CT revealed a huge mass in the middle-lower thoracic esophagus. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed intense 18F-FDG uptake of the esophageal tumor. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the esophageal lesion tissue confirmed the diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma after postoperative pathological biopsy.
Renal Interstitial Fibrosis Detected on 18F-AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT in a Patient With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Hao Wang, Yujiao Deng, Limeng He, Yan Deng, Wei Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

18F-AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT was performed on a 58-year-old woman newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma and acute renal insufficiency. 18F-AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT showed increased FAPI uptake in multiple osteolytic lesions and both kidneys. Subsequent renal aspiration biopsy confirmed renal interstitial fibrosis due to subacute tubular interstitial injury. This case suggests that 18F-AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT may be valuable in the evaluation of renal interstitial fibrosis in patients with multiple myeloma.
Basophil activation test as predictor of severity and threshold of allergic reactions to egg
Authors: Suzana Radulovic, Ru‐Xin Foong, Irene Bartha, Andreina Marques‐Mejias, Marta Krawiec, Matthew Kwok, Zainab Jama, Faye Harrison, Cristian Ricci, Gideon Lack, George Du Toit, Alexandra F. Santos
Journal: Allergy (2023)

Abstract Background Identifying patients at risk of severe allergic reactions and/or low threshold of reactivity is very important, particularly for staple foods like egg. Methods One hundred and fifty children underwent double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) to baked egg (BE), skin prick testing and blood collection for serology and basophil activation test (BAT). Patients who passed BE DBPCFC underwent loosely cooked egg (LCE) DBPCFC. Severity of allergic reactions was classified following Practall guidelines and threshold dose was determined during DBPCFC. Results Sixty out of 150 (40%) children reacted to BE and 16 out of 77 (21%) to LCE on DBPCFC. Considering DBPCFC to BE, 23 children (38%) had severe reactions and 33 (55%) reacted to 0.13 g or less of egg protein (low threshold group). Two children (2 out of 16 = 12%) had severe reactions to LCE. Demographic, clinical and most immunological features were not significantly different between severe/non‐severe BE reactors or low/high threshold groups. Severe BE reactors had higher ovomucoid‐sIgE ( p = .009) and higher BAT to BE ( p = .001). Patients with lower threshold to BE had higher IgE‐specific activity ( p = .027) and BAT to egg ( p = .007) but lower severity score ( p = .008). Optimal cut‐offs for ovomucoid‐sIgE had 100% sensitivity, 35% specificity and 60% accuracy and for BAT 76% sensitivity, 74% specificity and 75% accuracy to identify BE severe reactors. Optimal cut‐offs for specific activity had 70% sensitivity, 68% specificity and 69% accuracy and for BAT 70% sensitivity, 72% specificity and 71% accuracy to identify low threshold patients. Conclusions BAT was the best biomarker to predict severity and threshold of allergic reactions to BE and can be useful when making decisions about management of egg allergy.
Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Coadministration of COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccines
Authors: Tal Gonen, Noam Barda, Keren Asraf, Gili Joseph, Yael Weiss-Ottolenghi, Ram Doolman, Yitshak Kreiss, Yaniv Lustig, Gili Regev-Yochay
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

COVID-19 and seasonal influenza vaccines were previously given separately, although their coadministration is warranted for vaccination adherence. Limited data on their coadministration have been published.To compare the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of COVID-19 and influenza vaccinations administered together with those of COVID-19 vaccination alone.This prospective cohort study included health care workers at a large tertiary medical center in Israel who received the Influvac Tetra (Abbott) influenza vaccine (2022/2023), the Omicron BA.4/BA.5-adapted bivalent (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccine, or both. Vaccination began in September 2022, and data were collected until January 2023. Vaccines were offered to all employees and were coadministered or given separately. Adverse reaction questionnaires were sent, and serologic samples were also collected.Receiving COVID-19 vaccine, influenza vaccine, or both.The main outcomes for the reactogenicity analysis were symptoms following vaccine receipt, assessed by a digital questionnaire: any local symptoms; fever; weakness or fatigue; any systemic symptoms; and their duration. The immunogenicity analysis' outcome was postvaccination anti-spike IgG titer.This study included 2 cohorts for 2 separate analyses. The reactogenicity analysis included 588 participants (of 649 questionnaire responders): 85 in the COVID-19 vaccine-alone group (median [IQR] age, 71 [58-74] years; 56 [66%] female); 357 in the influenza vaccine-alone group (median [IQR] age, 55 [40-65] years; 282 [79%] female); and 146 in the coadministration group (median [IQR] age, 61 [50-71] years; 81 [55%] female). The immunogenicity analysis included 151 participants: 74 participants in the COVID-19 vaccine group (median [IQR] age, 67 [56-73] years; 45 [61%] female) and 77 participants in the coadministration group (median [IQR] age, 60 [49-73] years; 42 [55%] female). Compared with COVID-19 vaccination alone, the risk of systemic symptoms was similar in the coadministration group (odds ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.43-1.56). Geometric mean titers in the coadministration group were estimated to be 0.84 (95% CI, 0.69-1.04) times lower than in the COVID-19 vaccine-alone group.In this cohort study of health care workers who received a COVID-19 vaccine, an influenza vaccine, or both, coadministration was not associated with substantially inferior immune response or to more frequent adverse events compared with COVID-19 vaccine administration alone, supporting the coadministration of these vaccines.
England Is Handing out E-Cigarettes: Is the “Swap to Stop” Tobacco Control Scheme Harm Reduction or Harm Production?
Authors: Adam Edward Lang, Hasmeena Kathuria, Alain Braillon, Gary Ewart, Elif Dagli, Evan L. Stepp, Panagis Galiatsatos, Janaki Deepak, Sven E. Jordt, Don Hayes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

"England Is Handing Out E-Cigarettes: Is the ‘Swap to Stop’ Tobacco Control Scheme Harm Reduction or Harm Production?." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
Serial 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT After Treatment of Immunoglobulin G4-Related Pancreatitis and Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
Authors: Eunae Cho, Chang Hwan Park, Jahae Kim, Kangbin Kim, Sung Sun Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is a fibroinflammatory condition involving diverse organs. We report a case of IgG4-related pancreatitis and retroperitoneal fibrosis with serial 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT scans after treatment. A 64-year-old man presented with left flank and epigastric pain. Laboratory, abdominal CT, and 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT findings were suggestive of IgG4-related pancreatitis and retroperitoneal fibrosis. Histology of the pancreas confirmed IgG4-related pancreatitis. The follow-up PET/CT scans after treatment with steroid therapy showed regression of 68Ga-FAPI uptake in the pancreas and periureteral soft tissue. The changes on 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT scans were much more prominent compared with the CT scans.
Systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis (eczema): Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Alexandro W.L. Chu, Melanie M. Wong, Daniel G. Rayner, Gordon H. Guyatt, Juan Pablo Díaz Martinez, Renata Ceccacci, Irene X. Zhao, Eric McMullen, Archita Srivastava, Jason Wang, Aaron Wen, Fang Chi Wang, Romina Brignardello-Petersen, Ariel Izcovich, Paul Oykhman, Kathryn E. Wheeler, Julie Wang, Jonathan M. Spergel, Jasvinder A. Singh, Jonathan I. Silverberg, Peck Y. Ong, Monica O’Brien, Stephen A. Martin, Peter A. Lio, Mary Laura Lind, Jennifer LeBovidge, Elaine Kim, Joey Huynh, Matthew Greenhawt, Donna D. Gardner, Winfred T. Frazier, Kathy Ellison, Lina Chen, Korey Capozza, Anna De Benedetto, Mark Boguniewicz, Wendy Smith Begolka, Rachel N. Asiniwasis, Lynda C. Schneider, Derek K. Chu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2023)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin condition with multiple systemic treatments and uncertainty regarding their comparative impact on AD outcomes.
177Lu-PSMA Treatment Monitoring Through Serial Fast Whole-Body Tomoscintigraphies Recorded With a Latest-Generation CZT-Camera
Authors: Caroline Boursier, Pierre Olivier, Marine Claudin, Pierre-Yves Marie, Laetitia Imbert
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract The tomoscintigraphy monitoring of 177 Lu–prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) treatment may be helpful for quality control and predicting therapeutic response. Furthermore, the drawbacks of relatively low image quality and extended recording times can be overcome by new CZT-cameras providing fast, high-quality, whole-body recordings. Although still requiring further larger-scale confirmation, the current case report demonstrates that these CZT-cameras have the potential to provide straightforward and comprehensive 177 Lu-PSMA treatment monitoring, that is, &lt;20-minute whole-body tomoscintigraphy recording, tumor activities concordant with those from 68 Ga-PSMA PET, and no requirement for any additional tracer injection.
Visualization of Thromboinflammation by 18F-DPA-714 PET in a Stroke Patient
Authors: Qianqian Lin, Youliang Wang, Wenlong Zhao, Shaobo Yao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract A 44-year-old man who presented with progressive right limb weakness was diagnosed with ischemic stroke. He was referred for 18 F-DPA-714 PET/CT for evaluation of the disease. 18 F-DPA-714 PET/CT showed increased uptake of the intracranial thrombus. This DPA-714–avid thrombus highly suggested the involvement of immune cells in the extension of the clot resulting in neurological deterioration. This present case suggested that 18 F-DPA-714 PET might be a promising tracer in visualizing thromboinflammation in vivo.
Targeting microbial quorum sensing: the next frontier to hinder bacterial driven gastrointestinal infections
Authors: Ying Su, Tao Ding
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

Bacteria synchronize social behaviors via a cell-cell communication and interaction mechanism termed as quorum sensing (QS). QS has been extensively studied in monocultures and proved to be intensively involved in bacterial virulence and infection. Despite the role QS plays in pathogens during laboratory engineered infections has been proved, the potential functions of QS related to pathogenesis in context of microbial consortia remain poorly understood. In this review, we summarize the basic molecular mechanisms of QS, primarily focusing on pathogenic microbes driving gastrointestinal (GI) infections. We further discuss how GI pathogens disequilibrate the homeostasis of the indigenous microbial consortia, rebuild a realm dominated by pathogens, and interact with host under worsening infectious conditions via pathogen-biased QS signaling. Additionally, we present recent applications and main challenges of manipulating QS network in microbial consortia with the goal of better understanding GI bacterial sociality and facilitating novel therapies targeting bacterial infections.
Does genetic risk modify the effect of skin screening on melanoma detection rates?
Authors: Nirmala Pandeya, Jean Claude Dusingize, Catherine M Olsen, Stuart MacGregor, Rachel E Neale, Matthew H Law, David C Whiteman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Abstract Background Skin screening is associated with higher melanoma detection rates, a potential indicator of overdiagnosis, but it remains possible that this effect is due to confounding by genetic risk. Objectives To compare melanoma incidence among screened vs. unscreened participants within tertiles of genetic risk. Methods We investigated melanoma incidence in the QSkin study, a prospective cohort study which for this analysis comprised 15 283 participants aged 40–69 years with genotype data and no prior history of melanoma. We calculated a polygenic score (PGS) for melanoma. We first calculated the age-standardized rate (ASR) of melanoma within PGS tertiles, and then measured the association between skin examination and melanoma detection by calculating the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI), overall and within PGS tertiles. Results Melanoma incidence increased with PGS (ASR per 100 000 per year): tertile 1 = 442; tertile 2 = 519; tertile 3 = 871. We found that the HRs for all melanomas (i.e. in situ and invasive) associated with skin examination differed slightly across PGS tertiles [age- and sex-adjusted tertile 1 HR 1.88 (95% CI 1.26–2.81); tertile 2 HR 1.70 (95% CI 1.20–2.41); tertile 3 HR 1.96 (95% CI 1.43–2.70); fully adjusted tertile 1 HR 1.14 (95% CI 0.74–1.75); tertile 2 HR 1.21 (95% CI 0.82–1.78); tertile 3 HR 1.41 (95% CI 1.00–1.98)], but these differences were not statistically significant. HRs for in situ melanoma associated with skin examination were similar across PGS tertiles. For invasive melanomas, the point estimates appeared to be highest in PGS tertile 3 in both the minimally adjusted (age, sex) and fully adjusted models; however, these apparent differences were also not statistically significant. Conclusions Genetic risk predicts subsequent melanoma incidence, and is weakly associated with screening behaviour, but it does not explain the higher rate of melanoma detection between screened and unscreened people.
Protecting Medicare’s Discretion to Say No to Unproven Therapies
Authors: C. Joseph Ross Daval, Liam Bendicksen, Aaron S. Kesselheim
Journal: JAMA (2023)

In this Viewpoint, Kesselheim and coauthors discuss 2 bills in Congress that would curtail Medicare’s ability to decline, limit, or conditionally cover medical products that lack robust evidence and argue that officials should distinguish between better and worse therapies when determining reimbursement.
Changes in Cardiovascular Spending, Care Utilization, and Clinical Outcomes Associated With Participation in Bundled Payments for Care Improvement – Advanced
Authors: Sukruth A. Shashikumar, Jie Zheng, E. John Orav, Arnold M. Epstein, Karen E. Joynt Maddox
Journal: Circulation (2023)

Bundled Payments for Care Improvement - Advanced (BPCI-A) is a Medicare initiative that aims to incentivize reductions in spending for episodes of care that start with a hospitalization and end 90 days after discharge. Cardiovascular disease, an important driver of Medicare spending, is one of the areas of focus BPCI-A. It is unknown whether BPCI-A is associated with spending reductions or quality improvements for the 3 cardiovascular medical events or 5 cardiovascular procedures in the model.In this retrospective cohort study, we conducted difference-in-differences analyses using Medicare claims for patients discharged between January 1, 2017, and September 30, 2019, to assess differences between BPCI-A hospitals and matched nonparticipating control hospitals. Our primary outcomes were the differential changes in spending, before versus after implementation of BPCI-A, for cardiac medical and procedural conditions at BPCI-A hospitals compared with controls. Secondary outcomes included changes in patient complexity, care utilization, healthy days at home, readmissions, and mortality.Baseline spending for cardiac medical episodes at BPCI-A hospitals was $25 606. The differential change in spending for cardiac medical episodes at BPCI-A versus control hospitals was $16 (95% CI, -$228 to $261; P=0.90). Baseline spending for cardiac procedural episodes at BPCI-A hospitals was $37 961. The differential change in spending for cardiac procedural episodes was $171 (95% CI, -$429 to $772; P=0.58). There were minimal differential changes in physicians' care patterns such as the complexity of treated patients or in their care utilization. At BPCI-A versus control hospitals, there were no significant differential changes in rates of 90-day readmissions (differential change, 0.27% [95% CI, -0.25% to 0.80%] for medical episodes; differential change, 0.31% [95% CI, -0.98% to 1.60%] for procedural episodes) or mortality (differential change, -0.14% [95% CI, -0.50% to 0.23%] for medical episodes; differential change, -0.36% [95% CI, -1.25% to 0.54%] for procedural episodes).Participation in BPCI-A was not associated with spending reductions, changes in care utilization, or quality improvements for the cardiovascular medical events or procedures offered in the model.
Striatal Hyperperfusion Observed in Dual-Phase 18F-FP-CIT PET Imaging of Hyperglycemic Chorea
Authors: Yoon Seob Kim, Don Gueu Park, In Ja Shin, Young Sil An, Jung Han Yoon
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract A 76-year-old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus presented with right-side dominant generalized chorea. At presentation, her blood glucose level was 500 mg/dL with an HbA1C of 11%. Because the patient had been on levodopa treatment from her primary physician, a dual-phase 18 F-FP-CIT PET scan was performed. The early-phase images showed increased perfusion in the bilateral striatum, and the delayed-phase images revealed decreased uptake in the left caudate. Hyperperfusion in the striatum may indicate the acute phase of hyperglycemic chorea. This image illustrates the advantage of adding early-phase scans in 18 F-FP-CIT PET in differentiating various hyperkinetic and hypokinetic disorders.
Severe adult hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLHa) correlates with HLH-related gene variants
Authors: Coralie Bloch, Jean Philippe Jais, Marine Gil, Marouane Boubaya, Yves Lepelletier, Brigitte Bader-Meunier, Nizar Mahlaoui, Nicolas Garcelon, Olivier Lambotte, David Launay, Claire Larroche, Estibaliz Lazaro, Francois Liffermann, Olivier Lortholary, Marc Michel, Jean-Marie Michot, Pierre Morel, Morgane Cheminant, Felipe Suarez, Louis Terriou, Geoffrey Urbanski, Jean-Francois Viallard, Alexandre Alcais, Alain Fischer, Geneviève de Saint Basile, Olivier Hermine, Coralie Bloch, Jean Philippe Jais, Francois Liffermann, Pierre Morel, Morgane Cheminant, Felipe Suarez, Olivier Hermine, Fabrice Bonnet, Pascal Godemer, Damaj Gandhi, Olivier Fain, Olivier Lambotte, David Launay, Louis Terriou, Claire Larroche, Estibaliz Lazaro, Jean-Francois Viallard, Francois Liffermann, Olivier Lortholary, Marc Michel, Jean-Marie Michot, Pierre Morel, Frederic Pene, Antoinette Perlat, Geoffrey Urbanski
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2023)

The contribution of genetic factors to the severity of adult haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLHa) remains unclear. To assess a potential link between HLHa outcomes and HLH-related gene variants. Clinical characteristics of 130 patients with HLHa (age≥18 years old and “HScore”≥169) and genotype of eight HLH-related genes (LYST, PRF1, UNC13-D, STX11, STXBP2, RAB27A, XIAP and SAP) were collected. A total of 34 variants found in only six genes were selected based on their frequency and criteria predicted to impair protein function. Severity was defined by refractory disease to HLH treatment, death, or transfer to an ICU. HLHa-associated diseases (ADs) were neoplasia (n=49, 37.7%), autoinflammatory/autoimmune (n=33, 25.4%), or idiopathic when no AD was identified (n=48, 36.9%). Infectious events occurred in 76 (58.5%) patients and were equally distributed in all AD. Severe or refractory HLHa were observed in 80 (61.5%) and 64 (49.2%) patients, respectively. Neither HScore, age, gender, AD, nor infectious events were significantly associated with HLHa severity. Variants were identified in 71 alleles and were present in 56 (43.1%) patients. They were distributed as follows: 44 (34.4%), 10 (6.9%) and two (2.3%) patients carried one, two and three variant alleles, respectively. In a logistic regression model, only the number of variants was significantly associated with HLHa severity (1 vs. 0: 3.86 [1.73–9.14], p=0.0008, 2-3 vs. 0: 29.4 [3.62–3810], p=0.0002) and with refractoriness (1 vs. 0: 2.47 [1.17–5.34], p=0.018, 2–3 vs. 0: 13.2 [2.91–126.8], p=0.0003). HLH-related gene variants may be key components to the severity and refractoriness of HLHa.
<scp>DEL</scp>‐1, as an anti‐neutrophil transepithelial migration molecule, inhibits airway neutrophilic inflammation in asthma
Authors: Man Jia, Heng Fu, Xinyu Jiang, Lina Wang, Jiayan Xu, Peter J. Barnes, Ian M. Adcock, Yi Liu, Shujuan He, Fan Zhang, Lei Yao, Peng Sun, Xin Yao
Journal: Allergy (2023)

Abstract Background Neutrophil migration into the airways is a key process in neutrophilic asthma. Developmental endothelial locus‐1 (DEL‐1), an extracellular matrix protein, is a neutrophil adhesion inhibitor that attenuates neutrophilic inflammation. Methods Levels of DEL‐1 were measured in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and serum in asthma patients by ELISA. DEL‐1 modulation of neutrophil adhesion and transepithelial migration was examined in a co‐culture model in vitro. The effects of DEL‐1‐adenoviral vector‐mediated overexpression on ovalbumin/lipopolysaccharide (OVA/LPS)‐induced neutrophilic asthma were studied in mice in vivo. Results DEL‐1 was primarily expressed in human bronchial epithelial cells and was decreased in asthma patients. Serum DEL‐1 concentrations were reduced in patients with severe asthma compared with normal subjects (567.1 ± 75.3 vs. 276.8 ± 29.36 pg/mL, p &lt; .001) and were negatively correlated to blood neutrophils ( r = −0.2881, p = .0384) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ( r = −0.5469, p &lt; .0001). DEL‐1 concentrations in the EBC of severe asthmatic patients (113.2 ± 8.09 pg/mL) were also lower than normal subjects (193.0 ± 7.61 pg/mL, p &lt; .001) and were positively correlated with the asthma control test (ACT) score ( r = 0.3678, p = .0035) and negatively related to EBC IL‐17 ( r = −0.3756, p = .0131), myeloperoxidase (MPO) ( r = −0.5967, p = .0055), and neutrophil elastase (NE) ( r = −0.5488, p = .0009) expression in asthma patients. Neutrophil adhesion and transepithelial migration in asthma patients were associated with LFA‐1 binding to ICAM‐1 and inhibited by DEL‐1. DEL‐1 mRNA and protein expression in human bronchial epithelial cells were regulated by IL‐17. Exogenous DEL‐1 inhibited IL‐17‐enhanced neutrophil adhesion and migration. DEL‐1 expression was decreased while neutrophil infiltration was increased in the airway of a murine model of neutrophilic asthma. This was prevented by DEL‐1 overexpression. Conclusions DEL‐1 down‐regulation leads to increased neutrophil migration across bronchial epithelial cells and is associated with neutrophilic airway inflammation in asthma.