tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dental stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles transfer miR-330-5p to treat traumatic brain injury by regulating microglia polarization
Authors: Ye Li, Meng Sun, Xinxin Wang, Xiaoyu Cao, Na Li, Dandan Pei, Ang Li
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2022)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributes to the key causative elements of neurological deficits. However, no effective therapeutics have been developed yet. In our previous work, extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) offered new insights as potential strategies for functional recovery of TBI. The current study aims to elucidate the mechanism of action, providing novel therapeutic targets for future clinical interventions. With the miRNA array performed and Real-time PCR validated, we revealed the crucial function of miR-330-5p transferred by SHED-derived EVs (SHED-EVs) in regulating microglia, the critical immune modulator in central nervous system. MiR-330-5p targeted Ehmt2 and mediated the transcription of CXCL14 to promote M2 microglia polarization and inhibit M1 polarization. Identified in our in vivo data, SHED-EVs and their effector miR-330-5p alleviated the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and resumed the motor functional recovery of TBI rats. In summary, by transferring miR-330-5p, SHED-EVs favored anti-inflammatory microglia polarization through Ehmt2 mediated CXCL14 transcription in treating traumatic brain injury.
The i-frame and the s-frame: How focusing on individual-level solutions has led behavioral public policy astray
Authors: Nick Chater, George Loewenstein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

An influential line of thinking in behavioral science, to which the two authors have long subscribed, is that many of society's most pressing problems can be addressed cheaply and effectively at the level of the individual, without modifying the system in which the individual operates. We now believe this was a mistake, along with, we suspect, many colleagues in both the academic and policy communities. Results from such interventions have been disappointingly modest. But more importantly, they have guided many (though by no means all) behavioral scientists to frame policy problems in individual, not systemic, terms: To adopt what we call the "i-frame," rather than the "s-frame." The difference may be more consequential than i-frame advocates have realized, by deflecting attention and support away from s-frame policies. Indeed, highlighting the i-frame is a long-established objective of corporate opponents of concerted systemic action such as regulation and taxation. We illustrate our argument briefly for six policy problems, and in depth with the examples of climate change, obesity, retirement savings, and pollution from plastic waste. We argue that the most important way in which behavioral scientists can contribute to public policy is by employing their skills to develop and implement value-creating system-level change.
Manual of Anatomy. Systematic and Practical, Including Embryology.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Non-invasive tests for clinically significant portal hypertension after HCV cure
Authors: Georg Semmler, Sabela Lens, Elias L. Meyer, Anna Baiges, Edilmar Alvardo-Tapias, Elba Llop, Luis Tellez, Philipp Schwabl, Ezequiel Mauro, Laia Escudé, Cristina Díez, Luis Ibañez-Samaniego, Ángela Puente, José Ignacio Fortea, Marta Abadía, Alberto Zanetto, Andrés Conthe, Helena Hernandez-Évole, Irina Sofia Luzko Scheid, Jidong Jia, Hitoshi Yoshiji, Sven M. Francque, Emmanuel A. Tsochatzis, Francesco Paolo Russo, Gonzalo Crespo, Xavier Forns, Rafael Bañares, Càndid Villanueva, Virginia Hernández-Gea, Thomas Reiberger, Jaume Bosch, Juan Carlos García Pagán, Mattias Mandorfer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2022)
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells protect mouse heart from myocardial infarction injury via interleukin 5, eosinophils, and dendritic cells
Authors: Tianxiao Liu, Zhaojie Meng, Jing Liu, Jie Li, Yuanyuan Zhang, Zhiyong Deng, Songyuan Luo, Minjie Wang, Qin Huang, Shuya Zhang, Pauline Fendt, Julie Devouassoux, Dazhu Li, Andrew Neil James McKenzie, Matthias Nahrendorf, Peter Libby, Junli Guo, Guo-Ping Shi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2022)

Abstract Aims Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) regulate adaptive and innate immunities. In mouse heart, production of myocardial infarction (MI) increased ILC2 accumulation, suggesting a role for ILC2 in cardiac dysfunction post-MI. Methods and results We produced MI in ILC2-deficeint Rorafl/flIl7rCre/+ mice and in Icosfl-DTR-fl/+Cd4Cre/+ mice that allowed diphtheria toxin-induced ILC2 depletion. Genetic or induced deficiency of ILC2 in mice exacerbated cardiac dysfunction post-MI injury along with increased myocardial accumulation of neutrophils, CD11b+Ly6Chi monocytes, and CD4+ T cells but deficiency of eosinophils (EOS) and dendritic cells (DC). Post-MI hearts from genetic and induced ILC2-deficient mice contained many more apoptotic cells than those of control mice, and Rorafl/flIl7rCre/+ mice showed thinner and larger infarcts and more collagen-I depositions than the Il7rCre/+ mice only at early time points post-MI. Mechanistic studies revealed elevated blood IL5 in Il7rCre/+ mice at 1, 7, and 28 days post-MI. Such increase was blunted in Rorafl/flIl7rCre/+ mice. Administration of recombinant IL5 reversed EOS losses in Rorafl/flIl7rCre/+ mice, but IL5 did not correct the DC loss in these mice. Adoptive transfer of ILC2, EOS, or DC from wild-type mice, but not ILC2 from Il5−/− mice improved post-MI cardiac functions in Rorafl/flIl7rCre/+ recipient mice. EOS are known to protect cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. Here we showed that DC acted like EOS in blocking cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Yet, ILC2 or IL5 alone did not directly affect cardiomyocyte apoptosis or TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β)-induced cardiac fibroblast Smad signalling. Conclusion This study revealed an indirect cardiac reparative role of ILC2 in post-MI hearts via the IL5, EOS, and DC mechanism.
Immune status does not independently influence cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma metastasis and death when stratified by tumor stage: A dual-center retrospective cohort analysis of primary N0 disease
Authors: Daniel M. O’Connor, Fadi Murad, Melissa J. Danesh, William Butler, Timothy D. Smile, Evelyn O. Ilori, Brian R. Gastman, Allison Vidimos, Abigail B. Waldman, Chrysalyne D. Schmults, Shlomo Koyfman, Emily S. Ruiz
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2022)
British Society of Gastroenterology interim framework for addressing the COVID-19-related backlog in inflammatory bowel disease colorectal cancer surveillance
Authors: Antonia MD Churchhouse, Victoria EL Moffat, Christian P Selinger, Christopher A Lamb, Michelle J Thornton, Ian Penman, Shahida Din
Journal: Gut (2022)

The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound implications across the breadth of national healthcare services. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to carry an increased risk of colon cancer and national protocols for endoscopic surveillance are in place. Elective procedures such as IBD surveillance were stopped during the COVID-19 pandemic and have been slow to be re-started. We are acutely aware of the pressures on endoscopy services at the present time which is unlikely to improve at the pace needed for services to fully recover. At such times, we need to target this scarce resource to those who need it most, aligned to the principles of ethical healthcare which state that when resources are limited, they should be used to provide the most benefit for as great a number of people as possible. With this in mind, we propose an optional interim framework to aid risk stratification of patients on the IBD surveillance waiting lists where delays to timely surveillance occur. These measures could help address the backlog until a time when clinical services are able to fully recover. Finally, we propose the patient factors to consider when withdrawal of surveillance may be contemplated.
COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and community prevalence of Alpha, Delta and Omicron variants in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Binu V John, Dustin R Bastaich, Raphaella D Ferreira, Akash Doshi, Tamar H Taddei, David E Kaplan, Seth Spector, Yangyang Deng, Bassam Dahman
Journal: Gut (2022)
Breakthrough infections with the SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) variant in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases
Authors: Eileen W Stalman, Luuk Wieske, Koos P J van Dam, Laura Y Kummer, Zoé L E van Kempen, Joep Killestein, Adriaan G Volkers, Sander W Tas, Laura Boekel, Gertjan J Wolbink, Anneke J Van der Kooi, Joost Raaphorst, Mark Löwenberg, R Bart Takkenberg, Geert R A M D’Haens, Phyllis I Spuls, Marcel W Bekkenk, Annelie H Musters, Nicoline F Post, Angela L Bosma, Marc L Hilhorst, Yosta Vegting, Frederique J Bemelman, Alexandre E Voskuyl, Bo Broens, Agner Parra Sanchez, Cécile A C M van Els, Jelle De Wit, Abraham Rutgers, Karina de Leeuw, Barbara Horváth, Jan J G M Verschuuren, Annabel M Ruiter, Lotte van Ouwerkerk, Diane van der Woude, C F Allaart, Onno Y K Teng, Pieter van Paassen, Matthias H Busch, Papay B P Jallah, Esther Brusse, Pieter A van Doorn, Adája Elisabeth Baars, Dirk Jan Hijnen, Corine R G Schreurs, W Ludo Van der Pol, H Stephan Goedee, Maurice Steenhuis, Sofie Keijzer, Jim B D Keijser, Arend Boogaard, Olvi Cristianawati, Anja ten Brinke, Niels J M Verstegen, Koos A H Zwinderman, Theo Rispens, S Marieke van Ham, Taco W Kuijpers, Filip Eftimov
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)

Objectives To compare the cumulative incidence and disease severity of reported SARS-CoV-2 omicron breakthrough infections between patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) on immunosuppressants and controls, and to investigate determinants for breakthrough infections. Methods Data were used from an ongoing national prospective multicentre cohort study on SARS-CoV-2 vaccination responses in patients with IMID in the Netherlands (Target-to-B! (T2B!) study). Patients wih IMID on immunosuppressants and controls (patients with IMID not on immunosuppressants and healthy controls) who completed primary immunisation were included. The observation period was between 1 January 2022 and 1 April 2022, during which the SARS-CoV-2 omicron (BA.1 and BA.2 subvariant) was dominant. A SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection was defined as a reported positive PCR and/or antigen test at least 14 days after primary immunisation. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to investigate determinants. Results 1593 patients with IMID on immunosuppressants and 579 controls were included. The cumulative incidence of breakthrough infections was 472/1593 (29.6%; 95% CI 27% to 32%) in patients with IMID on immunosuppressants and 181/579 (31.3%; 95% CI 28% to 35%) in controls (p=0.42). Three (0.5%) participants had severe disease. Seroconversion after primary immunisation (relative risk, RR 0.71; 95% CI 0.52 to 0.96), additional vaccinations (RR 0.61; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.76) and a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (RR 0.60; 95% CI 0.48 to 0.75) were associated with decreased risk of breakthrough infection. Conclusions The cumulative incidence of reported SARS-CoV-2 omicron breakthrough infections was high, but similar between patients with IMID on immunosuppressants and controls, and disease severity was mostly mild. Additional vaccinations and prior SARS-CoV-2 infections may reduce the incidence of breakthrough infections.
Most excess years of potential life loss among individuals with cirrhosis during the pandemic were not related to COVID-19
Authors: Yunyu Zhao, Yee Hui Yeo, Jamil Samaan, Fan Lv, Xinyuan He, Ning Gao, Justin Park, Ju Dong Yang, Walid Ayoub, Michelle C Odden, Fanpu Ji, Mindie H Nguyen
Journal: Gut (2022)
Ectopic JAK–STAT activation enables the transition to a stem-like and multilineage state conferring AR-targeted therapy resistance
Authors: Su Deng, Choushi Wang, Yunguan Wang, Yaru Xu, Xiaoling Li, Nickolas A. Johnson, Atreyi Mukherji, U-Ging Lo, Lingfan Xu, Julisa Gonzalez, Lauren A. Metang, Jianfeng Ye, Carla Rodriguez Tirado, Kathia Rodarte, Yinglu Zhou, Zhiqun Xie, Carlos Arana, Valli Annamalai, Xihui Liu, Donald J. Vander Griend, Douglas Strand, Jer-Tsong Hsieh, Bo Li, Ganesh Raj, Tao Wang, Ping Mu
Journal: Nature Cancer (2022)

Emerging evidence indicates that various cancers can gain resistance to targeted therapies by acquiring lineage plasticity. Although various genomic and transcriptomic aberrations correlate with lineage plasticity, the molecular mechanisms enabling the acquisition of lineage plasticity have not been fully elucidated. We reveal that Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling is a crucial executor in promoting lineage plasticity-driven androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapy resistance in prostate cancer. Importantly, ectopic JAK-STAT activation is specifically required for the resistance of stem-like subclones expressing multilineage transcriptional programs but not subclones exclusively expressing the neuroendocrine-like lineage program. Both genetic and pharmaceutical inhibition of JAK-STAT signaling resensitizes resistant tumors to AR-targeted therapy. Together, these results suggest that JAK-STAT are compelling therapeutic targets for overcoming lineage plasticity-driven AR-targeted therapy resistance.
Transplantation of human neural progenitor cells secreting GDNF into the spinal cord of patients with ALS: a phase 1/2a trial
Authors: Robert H. Baloh, J. Patrick Johnson, Pablo Avalos, Peggy Allred, Soshana Svendsen, Genevieve Gowing, Kristina Roxas, Amanda Wu, Becky Donahue, Sheryl Osborne, George Lawless, Brandon Shelley, Koral Wheeler, Carolyn Prina, Dana Fine, Tami Kendra-Romito, Haniah Stokes, Vicki Manoukian, Abirami Muthukumaran, Leslie Garcia, Maria G. Bañuelos, Marlesa Godoy, Catherine Bresee, Hong Yu, Doniel Drazin, Lindsey Ross, Robert Naruse, Harish Babu, Eric A. Macklin, Ashley Vo, Ashraf Elsayegh, Warren Tourtellotte, Marcel Maya, Matthew Burford, Frank Diaz, Chirag G. Patil, Richard A. Lewis, Clive N. Svendsen
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)

Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) involves progressive motor neuron loss, leading to paralysis and death typically within 3–5 years of diagnosis. Dysfunctional astrocytes may contribute to disease and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) can be protective. Here we show that human neural progenitor cells transduced with GDNF (CNS10-NPC-GDNF) differentiated to astrocytes protected spinal motor neurons and were safe in animal models. CNS10-NPC-GDNF were transplanted unilaterally into the lumbar spinal cord of 18 ALS participants in a phase 1/2a study (NCT02943850). The primary endpoint of safety at 1 year was met, with no negative effect of the transplant on motor function in the treated leg compared with the untreated leg. Tissue analysis of 13 participants who died of disease progression showed graft survival and GDNF production. Benign neuromas near delivery sites were common incidental findings at post-mortem. This study shows that one administration of engineered neural progenitors can provide new support cells and GDNF delivery to the ALS patient spinal cord for up to 42 months post-transplantation.
Long-term cardiac pathology in individuals with mild initial COVID-19 illness
Authors: Valentina O. Puntmann, Simon Martin, Anastasia Shchendrygina, Jedrzej Hoffmann, Mame Madjiguène Ka, Eleni Giokoglu, Byambasuren Vanchin, Niels Holm, Argyro Karyou, Gerald S. Laux, Christophe Arendt, Philipp De Leuw, Kai Zacharowski, Yascha Khodamoradi, Maria J. G. T. Vehreschild, Gernot Rohde, Andreas M. Zeiher, Thomas J. Vogl, Carsten Schwenke, Eike Nagel
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)

Cardiac symptoms are increasingly recognized as late complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in previously well individuals with mild initial illness, but the underlying pathophysiology leading to long-term cardiac symptoms remains unclear. In this study, we conducted serial cardiac assessments in a selected population of individuals with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) with no previous cardiac disease or notable comorbidities by measuring blood biomarkers of heart injury or dysfunction and by performing magnetic resonance imaging. Baseline measurements from 346 individuals with COVID-19 (52% females) were obtained at a median of 109 days (interquartile range (IQR), 77-177 days) after infection, when 73% of participants reported cardiac symptoms, such as exertional dyspnea (62%), palpitations (28%), atypical chest pain (27%) and syncope (3%). Symptomatic individuals had higher heart rates and higher imaging values or contrast agent accumulation, denoting inflammatory cardiac involvement, compared to asymptomatic individuals. Structural heart disease or high levels of biomarkers of cardiac injury or dysfunction were rare in symptomatic individuals. At follow-up (329 days (IQR, 274-383 days) after infection), 57% of participants had persistent cardiac symptoms. Diffuse myocardial edema was more pronounced in participants who remained symptomatic at follow-up as compared to those who improved. Female gender and diffuse myocardial involvement on baseline imaging independently predicted the presence of cardiac symptoms at follow-up. Ongoing inflammatory cardiac involvement may, at least in part, explain the lingering cardiac symptoms in previously well individuals with mild initial COVID-19 illness.
Bioresorbable thin-film silicon diodes for the optoelectronic excitation and inhibition of neural activities
Authors: Yunxiang Huang, Yuting Cui, Hanjie Deng, Jingjing Wang, Rongqi Hong, Shuhan Hu, Hanqing Hou, Yuanrui Dong, Huachun Wang, Junyu Chen, Lizhu Li, Yang Xie, Pengcheng Sun, Xin Fu, Lan Yin, Wei Xiong, Song-Hai Shi, Minmin Luo, Shirong Wang, Xiaojian Li, Xing Sheng
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2022)
Cardiac Arrest Related to Anesthesia
Authors: M. Ramez Salem
Journal: JAMA (1975)

A collaborative retrospective study undertaken to investigate cardiac arrest related to pediatric anesthesia in seven institutions between 1960 and 1972 showed 73 instances in which anesthesia was thought to have been either directly responsible or had played an important contributing role. About two thirds of these patients were successfully resuscitated. Cases were found to fit into one of two major categories: cardiovascular and respiratory. Among cardiovascular factors, blood loss, preoperative anemia, inappropriate administration of succinylcholine, and accidental administration of potassium were important contributing causes. Respiratory factors included failure to maintain a patent airway and ventilatory problems. In retrospect, most of these accidents were preventable. Such information should indicate where research emphasis needs to be placed and that our current methods of teaching and training need to be reevaluated. (<i>JAMA</i>233:238-241, 1975)
Stylet Injury Syndrome
Authors: Mason Trupp
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Failure to properly use the stylet when withdrawing a spinal puncture needle may cause aspiration of a lumbar nerve root and adjacent arachnoid, thereby fixing the nerve in the epidural space. Root fixation may cause a painful syndrome, requiring laminectomy and replacement of the nerve root within the subarachnoid space. Since laminectomy is rarely performed at the lumbar puncture site, the frequency of the syndrome remains undetermined. (<i>JAMA</i>237:2524, 1977)
3D Bioprinted Patient‐Specific Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds for Soft Tissue Defects
Authors: Anne Behre, Joshua W. Tashman, Caner Dikyol, Daniel J. Shiwarski, Raphael J. Crum, Scott A. Johnson, Remya Kommeri, George S. Hussey, Stephen F. Badylak, Adam W. Feinberg
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Soft tissue injuries such as volumetric muscle loss (VML) are often too large to heal normally on their own, resulting in scar formation and functional deficits. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) scaffolds placed into these wounds have shown the ability to modulate the immune response and drive constructive healing. This provides a potential solution for functional tissue regeneration, however, these acellular dECM scaffolds are challenging to fabricate into complex geometries. 3D bioprinting is uniquely positioned to address this, being able to create patient-specific scaffolds based on clinical 3D imaging data. Here, a process to use freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels (FRESH) 3D bioprinting and computed tomography (CT) imaging to build large volume, patient-specific dECM patches (≈12 × 8 × 2 cm) for implantation into canine VML wound models is developed. Quantitative analysis shows that these dECM patches are dimensionally accurate and conformally adapt to the surface of complex wounds. Finally, this approach is extended to a human VML injury to demonstrate the fabrication of clinically relevant dECM scaffolds with precise control over fiber alignment and micro-architecture. Together these advancements represent a step towards an improved, clinically translatable, patient-specific treatment for soft tissue defects from trauma, tumor resection, and other surgical procedures.
Biofabrication of Human Skin with Its Appendages
Authors: Motaharesadat Hosseini, Karl R. Koehler, Abbas Shafiee
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Abstract Much effort has been made to generate human skin organ in the laboratory. Yet, the current models are limited due to the lack of many critical biological and structural features of the skin. Importantly, these in vitro models lack appendages and fail to recapitulate the whole human skin construction. Thus, engineering a human skin with the capacity to generate all components, including appendages, is a major challenge. This review intends to provide an update on the recent efforts underway to regenerate appendage‐bearing skin organs based on scaffold‐free and scaffold‐based bioengineering approaches. Although the mouse skin equivalents containing hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands have been established in vitro, there has been limited success in humans. A combination of biofabricated matrices and cell aggregates, such as organoids, can pave the way for generating skin substitutes with human‐like biological, structural, and physical features. Accordingly, the formation of human skin organoids and reconstruction of vascularized skin equipped with immune cells prompt calls for more scientific research. The generation of appendage‐bearing skin substitutes can be applied in practice for wound healing, hair restoration, and scar treatment.