tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sun damage and genetic risk in melanoma
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Melanoma is the most deadly form of skin cancer, and affects over 13,000 Australians each year.In Queensland about 20% of melanomas are the patient's second or subsequent melanoma.Having fair, easily-sunburned skin, many moles, or sun-damaged skin increase the risk of melanoma, but genetics also plays a part.This study, from Queensland, Australia, aimed to find out if there were genetic differences between people with only one melanoma and people with multiple melanomas, and whether people with multiple melanomas were more likely to have their melanomas on a sun-damaged body site.To do this, the authors took full-body photographs of 1244 volunteers, with close-up photos of their excision scar sites in 585 of the melanoma patients, and a DNA sample.They also checked medical records to confirm the number of melanomas and the age they first appeared, and assessed the scar site photos for signs of visible sun damage, like freckling, dark blotches and wrinkling.Patients with multiple melanomas were more likely to have mutations in MITF, ASIP and the red hair MC1R gene than people with a single melanoma.Patients who were unusually young (under 40 years old) when they first had a melanoma were more likely to have the melanoma on a sun-protected part of the body, while older melanoma patients (over 40 years) more often had their melanoma on sun-damaged skin.Younger melanoma patients were also more likely to have variant changes in CDKN2A, MC1R and MTAP genes, but these genetic differences were also more common in patients whose melanomas were all in sun-damaged sites, compared to people with at least one melanoma in a sun-protected site.Using a genetic risk score incorporating these findings, alongside visible risk factors like skin type, makes it easier to predict who is at high risk of having melanomas and who might benefit from regular skin checks with a doctor.
Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Samuel B. Beaser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

DiagnosisEarly diagnosis of diabetes can be achieved only by a full realization of the length of the silent biochemical phase of this disease.126 Also, its dynamic and fluctuating character even at this early stage must be recognized. The most frequent method of early detection is urinalysis. The recent appearance of two very convenient test-paper methods will be helpful for this purpose. Both use paper impregnated with glucose oxidase and peroxidase that produce nascent oxygen when in contact with beta glucose. Testape† incorporates a dye that turns shades of color from yellow to blue, paralleling the present semiquantitative methods. Clinistix . . .
ERCP
Authors: M. Arvanitakis, O. Le Moine
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Endoscopy Essentials Reviews in the Endoscopy Essentials series cite publications from the past year which, in the authors’ opinion, reflect the state-of-the-art in endoscopy. Alongside a short summary of each paper, authors explain why they consider their selected articles to be of importance.
Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of Waxy Mutants in Cereals
Authors: Etsuo Amano
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

During fine structure analyses of artificially induced waxy mutants in maize by use of Nelson's pollen analysis methods, it was noticed that some mutants showed a phenotype intermediate between waxy and normal nonwaxy. Such intermediate or leaky waxy mutants were frequent among mutants induced by a chemical mutagen, EMS. They seemed to be located evenly within the waxy locus. This would suggest that they might have been missense mutations, which would produce full-sized but partially inactivated enzymes, rather than deletions or frameshift mutations. To confirm the intermediate phenotype, a rapid measuring system was developed to measure waxiness of endosperm quantitatively. It was based on the blue value method and is applicable to a single grain of rice. Among the 27 waxy mutant lines of maize, including 11 EMS-induced, two of the EMS-induced mutants were clearly intermediate. Eighteen EMS induced wx mutants of rice were also examined, and nine were intermediate.
特应性湿疹预防和治疗的经济学证据
Authors: T.H. Sach, E. McManus, N.J. Levell
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

特应性湿疹(通常称作湿疹)导致皮肤发红和瘙痒,而且可影响患者的生活质量。在英国,1/5 的儿童患有湿疹。由于湿疹很常见,其可能使英国国家医疗服务体系 (NHS) 及患者家庭产生很大花费。在全球范围内,医疗系统没有足够的资源(如金钱或人员)为所有健康问题提供治疗。因此,我们需要经济学证据帮助确定,我们应该怎样使用资源方可为我们用于医疗的人力和物力获得最大获益。 本研究的目的在于以湿疹为例,教导皮肤科医生用于医学研究的不同经济学方法。通过系统综述(一种回顾已公布研究的高质量方法)确定并分析了先前公布的湿疹有关的经济学证据研究的质量。利用这些研究,描述了不同方法及其应该使用的时间。 综述发现,相比每年公布的临床研究数量,可用的经济学研究数量很少,而且用于治疗湿疹的不同干预或方法的数量和范围有限。最常研究的治疗是钙调磷酸酶抑制剂软膏,其次是婴儿配方奶粉(旨在预防湿疹的出现)。为了能够就分配资源的最佳方式提供建议,经济学证据需要囊括对两种或多种治疗的成本和结果(疗效)的分析。综述中发现少于一半的研究进行了此分析。大多数研究仅分析成本或结果,而非两者,因此仅提供部分证据。所以,需要开展更多经济学研究。
Extensive bilateral lower leg calcification in an elderly man
Authors: S. Strauss
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>History</h3> An 83-year-old man who had recently immigrated to Israel from Russia was admitted to the hospital with skin ulceration of the left leg, which had failed to heal. This ulceration had been present for six months and had resulted from minor trauma to the area. Examination showed severe swelling and induration of both legs below the knees and a deep ulcer overlying the anterior aspect of the left tibia. The patient further revealed that both legs had been swollen since the age of 20 years, and for this reason he had not been conscripted into the Czarist Army in 1914. Anteroposterior and lateral roentgenograms of both legs are shown in Fig 1 and 2. Findings from laboratory investigations, including relevant metabolic studies, were essentially normal. Roentgenographic survey of the remainder of the body showed no abnormality. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Soft tissue calcification following kerosene injection. <h3>Comment</h3> On further interrogation the patient
Metallothionein Isoform 3 as a Potential Biomarker for Human Bladder Cancer
Authors: Mary Ann Sens, Seema Somji, Donald L. Lamm, Scott H. Garrett, Frank Slovinsky, John H. Todd, Donald A. Sens
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The goal of the present study was to determine if the expression of metallothionein isoform 3 (MT-3) might serve as a biomarker for human bladder cancer. To accomplish this goal, we defined the localization and expression of MT-3 protein and mRNA using fresh and archival biopsy specimens obtained from patients undergoing differential diagnosis for a variety of bladder disorders. We used immunohistochemistry, immunoblot, and RT-PCR analysis to define the localization and expression of MT-3 protein and mRNA. Immunohistochemical analysis disclosed no immunoreactivity for MT-3 in normal bladder cells. The absence of MT-3 expression in the normal bladder was further confirmed by demonstrating that MT-3 mRNA could not be detected using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or MT-3 protein using immunoblot. Immunohistochemistry also disclosed no immunoreactivity for MT-3 in archival biopsy specimens from patients with interstitial cystitis and related disorders. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that MT-3 was expressed in carcinoma in situ (CIS), high-grade bladder cancer, low-grade bladder cancer, and dysplastic lesions. MT-3 immunostaining was intense in both CIS and high-grade bladder cancer, and low to moderate in low-grade bladder cancer and dysplastic lesions. We determined MT-3 mRNA expression in a subset of these bladder cancer specimens; expression was elevated as compared to that of the housekeeping gene, ss-actin. The cDNA from the RT-PCR reaction primed for MT-3 contained a FokI restriction site, a site unique for MT-3 as compared to other MT family members. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that MT-3 is up-regulated in human bladder cancer and that this up-regulation increases with increasing tumor grade. The finding that MT-3 expression is minimal in normal bladder suggests that MT-3 might be developed into an effective biomarker for bladder cancer.
Incorrect Data in: Inhaled Anticholinergics and Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Samuel Sessions, Philip Lee, Astrid Van Der Veldt, Sebastiaan Kleijn, Prabath Nanayakkara
Journal: JAMA (2009)

the Medicare population, those older than 65 years, is worse than for younger groups by a greater margin. 5 Unlike the status quo, health insurance under our proposal would be completely portable for everyone.This would enhance patients' ability to seek quality and thus improve insurers' business case for quality.Combiningguaranteedissuewithriskadjustmentwould inhibit insurers' ability and reduce their incentives to cherrypick patients.Whether or not our plan is the ultimate destination, we believe it would constitute substantial progress on the long road toward a fair, effective health care system.
THE ULTRAVIOLET MICROSCOPE.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Harry A. Derow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

DiagnosisThe diagnosis of the overt form of the nephrotic syndrome is usually a simple matter. When edema is the presenting complaint, the unmistakable laboratory evidences of the nephrotic syndrome will be found. In a few cases edema is not the presenting complaint; in fact, the patient may never have had edema. The diagnosis of the nephrotic syndrome should be suspected when a routine urinalysis reveals massive proteinuria and the characteristic urinary sediment. The latent form of the syndrome is diagnosed when hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesterolemia are found together with the characteristic urinary abnormalities, all in the absence of edema. . . .
More To Learn from Mary's Story
Authors: Frederick S. Southwick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 September 1993More To Learn from Mary's StoryFrederick S. Southwick, MDFrederick S. Southwick, MDFrom University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0277.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-5-199309010-00039 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:What did Mary have? In the original version of my article [1], the probable diagnosis was included. Mary began taking penicillin 5 days before the onset of her mononeuritis. After the onset of pain, she discontinued penicillin, but unbeknownst to me, restarted it 2 days later. This strong antigenic stimulus may have induced a vasculitis and marked eosinophilia. Eosinophils can lead to a hypercoagulable state, which may have explained her venous thrombosis and pulmonary emboli. Biopsies of the skin lesions as well as a sural nerve biopsy were done after she had stabilized in the intensive care unit. ...REFERENCE1. Southwick F. Who was caring for Mary? Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118: 146-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0277. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1993Volume 119, Issue 5Page: 442KeywordsBiopsyEosinophiliaIntensive care unitsLesionsMononeuritisNervesPenicillinSteroid therapyThrombosisVasculitis Issue Published: 1 September 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Hypothermia precipitated by ice-cold beverages in a wasted dialysis patient
Authors: M. W. el-Nachef
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A malnourished 67-year-old patient presented to the emergency department with hypothermia and obtundation after drinking ice-cold Diet Coke. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 67-year-old white woman with over 20 years' history of diabetes mellitus type I started maintenance hemodialysis 2 years ago when her diabetic nephropathy progressed to end-stage renal disease. She also developed severe autonomic neuropathy with recurrent vomiting and resultant malnutrition, muscle wasting, and weight loss of over 20 kg in less than 2 years. In the night before her admission, the patient became very upset on hearing some news about her family. She felt as though her throat was set on fire, and she drank ice-cold Diet Coke all night long, consuming about 20 cans or 7 L containing 0.7 g of sodium. In the early hours of the morning, the family noticed that the patient's speech had become unclear. When she arrived at
Viral Gastroenteritis
Authors: Albert Z. Kapikian
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>SELECTED CASE</h3> An 11-month-old male infant was admitted to the Children's Hospital National Medical Center in Washington, DC, with vomiting and diarrhea. The patient was well until 3 days prior to admission when he had the onset of vomiting ("many times") that was accompanied over the next 2 days with diarrhea (with a maximum of six loose stools per day) and fever, with a maximum rectal temperature of 40.5°C. Physical examination on the day of admission showed a febrile, mildly dehydrated (=5%), irritable but not lethargic infant who had an essentially normal oropharynx, ears, lymph nodes, lungs, and abdomen. While in the hospital, the patient became afebrile the day after admission, did not vomit, but had diarrhea for the first 2 days after admission (two loose stools each day). The illness was managed by restriction of food and oral fluids for about 25 hours, when clear fluids were allowed, and
Syringe and needle regulation, blood-borne disease transmission, and concern for public safety
Authors: G. Friedland
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The intertwined epidemics of injection drug use and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease have been recognized worldwide.<sup>1</sup>In parts of the world where these 2 medical and public health problems coexist, it appears that the unavailability of sterile needles and syringes plays a key role in accelerating HIV transmission. It is important for the medical profession to appreciate the reasons for this unavailability. In my experience, while physicians and others involved in the medical care of injecting drug users (IDUs) with HIV disease may be aware of the medical complications of drug use, most clinicians remain less knowledgeable about the behavioral factors associated with HIV disease transmission among IDUs,<sup>2</sup>and almost all physicians are completely unaware of the legal and institutional structures that overarch HIV transmission events in this population. Much of the burden of disease among IDUs and their contacts is the direct or
A phase I/II study of systemic ADH-1 in combination with isolated limb infusion with melphalan (ILI-M) in patients (pts) with locally advanced in-transit melanoma
Authors: G. Beasley, N. McMahon, G. Sanders, P. Zipfel, C. Augustine, W. Petros, J. Padussis, M. I. Ross, A. Selim, W. Peters, D. S. Tyler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

9013 Background: ILI-M is a well tolerated treatment for pts with in-transit melanoma of the extremity with a 30% CR rate in our own cohort of 50 previously treated pts. ADH-1 is a cyclic pentapeptide that targets N-cadherin adhesion complexes. In a preclinical model of melanoma treatment with ILI-M, the combination of systemic ADH-1 and regional melphalan resulted in a synergistic increase in durable CRs. Methods: A phase I/II study was performed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and anti-tumor activity of systemic ADH-1 in combination with ILI-M in pts with measurable in-transit melanoma of the extremity. The inital phase I study consisted of ADH-1 dose escalation cohorts of 3 pts each at 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 gm administered systemically on Days 1 (6–8 hr pre ILI-M) and 8 in combination with standard dose ILI-M corrected for ideal body weight. The phase II study expanded the 4.0 gm ADH-1 cohort to 25 pts. N-cadherin IHC staining was performed on pretreatment tumor tissue. Response was defined at 3 months using RECIST criteria. Results: Eleven pts, including 6 previous ILI-M alone failures, have been treated with no observed dose limiting toxicities. Common treatment related grade 1/2 toxicities included pain (n=8), skin/dermatologic (n=11), musculoskeletal (n=4), and nausea (n=4). Grade 3 toxicities included neutropenia (n=1), anemia (n=1), and serologic CPK elevation (n=1). There was 1 Grade 4 CPK elevation. To date, in field responses of the 7 pts followed 3 months post treatment include 4 CRs (57%), 1 SD, and 2 PDs. Interestingly, the 2 pts with PD had tumors that were negative for N-cadherin by IHC. PK analysis demonstrated minimal variability in melphalan plasma levels across pts while ADH-1 plasma concentrations immediately pre-ILI-M increased with each dose cohort (mean=901 ng/mL at 1.0 gm, 1,985 ng/mL at 2.0 gm, and 11,491 ng/mL at 4.0gm.). Conclusions: Systemic ADH-1 administered pre and post ILI-M is a well tolerated, novel targeted therapeutic approach to regionally advanced melanoma. Tumor responses, especially CRs, exceeded expectations in this group of heavily pretreated pts and appear to require N-cadherin expression. Complete accrual to the study is expected by May 2008. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Adherex Technologies Adherex Technologies Adherex Technologies Adherex Technologies
Abstract 16771: Feasibility of Noninvasive Assessment of Tissue Property in the Fibrotic Infarcted Myocardium Using Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
Authors: Yu Hotta, Toshihiko Asanuma, Kasumi Masuda, Satoshi Nakatani
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Early systolic lengthening (ESL) and post-systolic shortening (PSS) is subtle myocardial deformation that occurs in the ischemic myocardium and is easily assessed by spekle tracking echocardiography. Because ESL and PSS in the ischemic region is caused by tension from the surrounding nonischemic region, such deformation may be attenuated in the infarcted myocardium with advanced fibrosis, which is less stretched by tension. We investigated whether the echocardiographic assessment of ESL and PSS can estimate tissue property in the fibrotic infarcted myocardium. Methods: In 20 rats, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded and short-axis images were acquired at 1 day (1D, n = 7), 1 week (1W, n = 5), and 4 weeks (4W, n = 8) after the occlusion using GE Vivid 7 (frame rate = 235.4 fps). Circumferential strains were analyzed in the ischemic and nonischemic regions, and amplitudes of ESL (ε ESL ) and PSS (ε PSS ), and the sum of ε ESL and ε PSS (ε ESL+PSS ) were measured. At the end of the protocol, Masson’s trichrome staining was performed on excised hearts to measure the area of fibrous tissue within the infarcted myocardium. Results: The fibrous areas in the 1W and 4W were significantly larger than the 1D (1D vs. 1W vs. 4W: 3.7 ± 5.5% vs. 66.5 ± 12.8% vs. 69.5 ± 17.1%). Although there was no significant difference in the fibrous areas between the 1W and 4W, more dense staining of fibers was observed in all of the 4W. In the ischemic region, ε ESL , ε PSS , and ε ESL+PSS did not significantly change between the 1D and 1W. However, ε PSS and ε ESL+PSS significantly decreased and ε ESL tended to decrease in the 4W compared to the 1W (1W vs. 4W: ε PSS 3.4 ± 1.1% vs. 1.4 ± 1.3%, ε ESL+PSS 5.9 ± 1.8% vs. 2.4 ± 1.9%, p&lt;0.05, respectively) (figure). Conclusions: ESL and PSS was attenuated in the infarcted myocardium with advanced fibrosis. The assessment of such subtle deformation by speckle tracking echocardiography may estimate tissue property in the fibrotic infarcted myocardium.
&lt;TITLE&gt;Know your heart&lt;/TITLE&gt;
Authors: Mi Hwang, Richard Glass, Jeff Molter
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Sudden pain in central chest, ranging from a tight ache to crushing agony, lasting 30 minutes or more and not relieved by rest.• Pain sometimes radiates out to the shoulders, neck, or arms.• Chest discomfort or pain with shortness of breath, restlessness, cold clammy skin, nausea or vomiting, or loss of consciousness.
Maternal mental health: Handle with care
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Maternal mental health: Handle with careA mother describes how opportunities were missed to her postpartum psychosis "Have you tried getting out more?" the health visitor asked.I explained again that stairs had been impossible since my emergency caesarean section a month ago."I manage, and I have osteoarthritis," she replied."You really should try."It felt like a slap.The lack of empathy for my physical pain meant I felt unable to share my more serious worries, such as my suspicion that my baby daughter had been swapped at birth.Nor did I unveil my growing conviction that social workers, dressed as ninjas, were planning to murder me and steal her.That was the first missed opportunity to identify my postpartum psychosis.