tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Leukaemia inhibitory factor is expressed by normal human keratinocytes<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>
Authors: D. PAGLIA, S. KONDO, K.-M.E. NG, D.N. SAUDER, R.C. McKENZIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleotropic cytokinc, regulating differentiation. cell growth. cachexia and inflammation. Using the reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) we found that, in culture, normal human keratinocytes (KC) expressed mRNA transcripts for both LIF and the LIF receptor. In the conditioned medium (CM), constitutive LIF protein production was barely detectable but stimulation of K.C with l0ny/ml of either interleukin (ILI‐lα. or IL‐8. for 24 h. resulted in small but significant increases (P < 0·05) in LIF protein, as measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. After culture in media containing l‐5mmol/l calcium, a time‐dependent increase in LIF mRNA was seen up to 72h (an 8·5‐fold increase), over levels in cells cultured in 0·05mmol/l calcium. A large increase in LIF protein in the CM (from 1·15± 0·15pg/ml to 178·7± 75·7pg/mn was seen 72h after a switch to media containing l.5mmol/I calcium (P=0·05). Twenty‐four hours after stimulation of human KC in culture with l0ng/ml recombinant LIF. a twofold increase in both IL‐lα and IL‐8 protein in the CM (P < 0·05) was observed. In normal human scalp and foreskin, the epidermis was shown to contain LIF protein by immunostaining. LIF staining was found throughout the epidermis, and in the cells of the outer layer of the root sheath. Thus, KC synthesize LIF in vitro and in vivo.
<i>In vivo</i>expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IFN-γ mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and effect of cyclosporin A in a patient with Kimura's disease
Authors: K. KATAGIRI, S. ITAMI, Y. HATANO, T. YAMAGUCHI, S. TAKAYASU
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Semiquantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction was used to analyse the expression of cytokine mRNAs in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from a patient with Kimura's disease. The patient was treated with cyclosporin A (CsA) after incomplete tumour resection and irradiation of lesions. Levels of interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13 mRNA were elevated and the level of interferon (IFN)‐γ mRNA was within normal limits before treatment. The levels of IL‐4, Il‐5 and IL‐13 mRNA, the number of eosinophils, and the serum level of IgE decreased markedly after surgery and radiation therapy. CsA treatment suppressed these values in a dose‐dependent manner, but had a minimal effect on the level of IFN‐γ mRNA. The number of peripheral eosinophils decreased in association with decreases in the levels of IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13 mRNAs during CsA therapy; the serum level of IgE remained low during therapy and did not fluctuate in association with changes in cytokine levels. These results suggest the Th2 cytokines play a part in the development of Kimura's disease and that CsA suppresses the activity of this disease.
Trends in Death Associated With Traumatic Brain Injury, 1979 Through 1992
Authors: Daniel M. Sosin
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To report updated national trends in traumatic brain injury deaths from 1979 through 1992. <h3>Design.</h3> —Retrospective analysis of Multiple Cause-of-Death Public Use Data Tapes from the National Center for Health Statistics. All deaths associated with traumatic brain injury were identified, the underlying causes of death were categorized, and the annual rates were calculated per 100 000 US residents. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Residents of the United States who died with traumatic brain injury from 1979 through 1992. <h3>Results.</h3> —An average of 52 000 US residents die each year with traumatic brain injuries. The brain injury—associated death rate declined 22% from 24.6 per 100 000 US residents in 1979 to 19.3 per 100000 US residents in 1992. Firearm-related rates increased 13% from 1984 through 1992, undermining a 25% decline in motor vehicle—related rates for the same period. Firearms surpassed motor vehicles as the largest single cause of death associated with traumatic brain injury in 1990. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —These data highlight the success of efforts to prevent traumatic brain injury due to motor vehicles and failure to prevent such injuries due to firearms. The increasing importance of penetrating injury has important implications for research, treatment, and prevention of traumatic brain injury in the United States. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:1778-1780)
Solar urticaria in an infant
Authors: A. HARRIS, S.M. BURGE, S.A. GEORGE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

A 2‐year‐old girl presented with a history of an erythematous rash which occurred immediately after exposure to sunlight and had been a problem since birth. Extensive laboratory investigations to exclude genophotodermatoses. photosensitivity secondary to metabolic disorders and photoaggravated dermatoses were negative. Monochromator irradiation phototesting demonstrated immediate erythematous flares to all ultraviolet B (UVB). UVA and visible wavelengths up to 500 nm. A diagnosis of solar urticaria was made and she responded to loratidine 10 mg daily. We believe this is the first report of solar urticaria. confirmed by phototesting with a monochromator so early in life.
Milia en plaque
Authors: A. LOSADA-CAMPA, C.DE LA TORRE-FRAGA, M. CRUCES-PRADO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

A 59‐year‐old woman presented with milia grouped in plaques, in the preauricular areas, bilaterally. Follicle‐damaging dermatoses, tumours and external agents, can lead to this peculiar clinical pattern. We outline the clinical and histological features which allow accurate diagnosis of this condition.
Efficacy of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine in US children aged 18-59 months
Authors: None the Haemophilus Influenzae Vaccine Efficacy Study Group, J.D. Wenger, R. Pierce, K.A. Deaver, C.V. Broome, B.D. Plikaytis, R.R. Facklam
Journal: The Lancet (1991)
Asymptomatic Microhematuria and Urologic Disease
Authors: David N. Mohr
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Asymptomatic microhematuria is a common finding, occurring in 13% of adult men and postmenopausal women in Rochester, Minn. Previous recommendations to perform cystoscopic and excretory urographic examinations on all patients with this finding were based on findings in referred patients. In the present population-based study, the frequency of serious urologic disease in patients with asymptomatic microhematuria was 2.3%; only 0.5% had bladder or renal cell carcinoma. Urologic malignant lesions occurred more frequently in the elderly. There was a trend toward more serious diseases in those with higher grades of hematuria. Complete urologic investigation of all patients with any degree of asymptomatic microhematuria cannot be recommended. The presence of other risk factors should be considered in opting for further evaluation. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:224-229)
Concurrent Lyme Disease and Babesiosis
Authors: Peter J. Krause
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine whether patients coinfected with Lyme disease and babesiosis in sites where both diseases are zoonotic experience a greater number of symptoms for a longer period of time than those with either infection alone. <h3>Design.</h3> —Community-based yearly serosurvey and clinic-based cohort study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Island community in Rhode Island and 2 Connecticut medical clinics from 1990 to 1994. <h3>Study Participants.</h3> —Long-term residents of the island community and patients seeking treatment at the clinics. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Seroreactivity to the agents of Lyme disease and babesiosis and number and duration of symptoms. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of 1156 serosurvey subjects, 97 (8.4%) were seroreactive against Lyme disease spirochete antigen, of whom 14(14%) also were seroreactive against babesial antigen. Of 240 patients diagnosed with Lyme disease, 26 (11%) were coinfected with babesiosis. Coinfected patients experienced fatigue (<i>P</i>=.002), headache (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), sweats (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), chills (<i>P</i>=.03), anorexia (<i>P</i>=.04), emotional lability (<i>P</i>=.02), nausea (<i>P</i>=.004), conjunctivitis (<i>P</i>=.04), and splenomegaly (<i>P</i>=.01) more frequently than those with Lyme disease alone. Thirteen (50%) of 26 coinfected patients were symptomatic for 3 months or longer compared with 7 (4%) of the 184 patients with Lyme disease alone from whom follow-up data were available (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Patients coinfected with Lyme disease experienced more symptoms and a more persistent episode of illness than did those (n=10) experiencing babesial infection alone. Circulating spirochetal DNA was detected more than 3 times as often in coinfected patients as in those with Lyme disease alone (<i>P</i>=.06). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Approximately 10% of patients with Lyme disease in southern New England are coinfected with babesiosis in sites where both diseases are zoonotic. The number of symptoms and duration of illness in patients with concurrent Lyme disease and babesiosis are greater than in patients with either infection alone. In areas where both Lyme disease and babesiosis have been reported, the possibility of concomitant babesial infection should be considered when moderate to severe Lyme disease has been diagnosed. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;275:1657-1660)
Mechanical Ventilation for the Elderly Patient in Intensive Care
Authors: Ian L. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients 80 years of age and older in the intensive care unit (ICU). <h3>Design.</h3> —A retrospective review of consecutive ICU patients requiring 3 or more days of mechanical ventilation. Cost-effectiveness analysis was performed by assessing incremental hospital charges from hospital billing records; charges were then related to years of life saved. A telephone survey was used to follow up hospital survivors for a minimum of 4 years after discharge. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A 20-bed medical-surgical ICU in a 420-bed, tertiary-care community teaching hospital. <h3>Patients.</h3> —The study included all patients aged 80 years or older taken from a comprehensive database of all patients admitted to the ICU requiring mechanical ventilation from April 1,1985, through October 31, 1987 (n=512). Of 59 potential candidates, 45 were found to have complete billing records and were the subject of further analysis. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of the 45 patients in the group under analysis, 10 survived to leave the hospital. Of these, two were alive and one could not be located at the time of follow-up. The charge per year of life saved is estimated to be between $51 854 and $75 090 in 1985-1987 dollars. Of 22 patients whose age in years plus duration of mechanical ventilation in days totaled 100 or greater, only two survived hospitalization and neither was alive at follow-up. The cost per year of life saved in this subset of patients was $181 308 in 1985-1987 dollars. One of these patients was discharged to a nursing home and died there 4.5 years later, after multiple hospital readmissions. The other patient died at home 2 months after hospital discharge. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Based on hospital charges and life expectancy, the cost-effectiveness of prolonged mechanical ventilation in ICU patients age 80 years and over was poor in our population when the combination of age and duration of mechanical ventilation exceeded 100. Further studies using this type of analysis may prove valuable in both clinical and administrative decision-making processes. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:1025-1029)
THE "YELLOW NAIL" SYNDROME.
Authors: PETER D. SAMMAN, WILLIAM F. WHITE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1964)

Journal Article THE "YELLOW NAIL" SYNDROME. Get access PETER D. SAMMAN, M.D., F.R.C.P., PETER D. SAMMAN, M.D., F.R.C.P. Physician for Diseases of the Skin, Westminister Hospital, London, S.W.I amt The Institute of Dermatology, St. John's Hospital. Lisle Street, London, W.C.2; Senior Registrar, Radiotherapy Department. Westminster Hospital, London, S.W.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar WILLIAM F. WHITE, M.B., B.S., D.M.R.T. WILLIAM F. WHITE, M.B., B.S., D.M.R.T. Physician for Diseases of the Skin, Westminister Hospital, London, S.W.I amt The Institute of Dermatology, St. John's Hospital. Lisle Street, London, W.C.2; Senior Registrar, Radiotherapy Department. Westminster Hospital, London, S.W.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 76, Issue 4, 1 April 1964, Pages 153–157, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1964.tb14499.x Published: 01 April 1964
Passive Smoking and Heart Disease
Authors: Stanton A. Glantz
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —Recent clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological evidence that passive smoking causes heart disease was reviewed, with particular emphasis on understanding the underlying physiological and biochemical mechanisms. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —Publications in the peer-reviewed literature were located via MEDLINE, citation in other relevant articles, and appropriate reports by scientific agencies. Greatest emphasis was given to work published since 1990. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Passive smoking reduces the blood's ability to deliver oxygen to the heart and compromises the myocardium's ability to use oxygen to create adenosine triphosphate. These effects are manifest as reduced exercise capability in people breathing secondhand smoke. Secondhand smoke increases platelet activity, accelerates atherosclerotic lesions, and increases tissue damage following ischemia or myocardial infarction. The effects of secondhand tobacco smoke on the cardiovascular system are not caused by a single component of the smoke, but rather are caused by the effects of many elements, including carbon monoxide, nicotine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and other, not fully specified elements in the smoke. Nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke in everyday life exhibit an increased risk of both fatal and nonfatal cardiac events. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:1047-1053)
ELYPSE-7: a randomized placebo-controlled phase IIa trial with CYT107 exploring the restoration of CD4+ lymphocyte count in lymphopenic metastatic breast cancer patients
Authors: O. Trédan, C. Ménétrier-Caux, I. Ray-Coquard, G. Garin, C. Cropet, E. Verronèse, T. Bachelot, P. Rebattu, P.E. Heudel, P. Cassier, S. Chabaud, T. Croughs, P. Dupont, A.C. Cadore, G. Clapisson, A. Delgado, C. Bardin-dit-Courageot, C. Rigal, A. N'Kodia, L. Gilles-Afchain, M. Morre, D. Pérol, J.Y. Blay, C. Caux
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Interferon-α2b therapy reduces liver fibrosis in chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis: A quantitative histological evaluation
Authors: Noboru Manabe, Michèle Chevallier, Philippe Chossegros, Xavier Causse, Sylviane Guerret, Christian Trépo, Jean-Alexis Grimaud
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of interferon-α on liver fibrosis with an established quantitative histochemical method for determining collagen as a marker. 59 patients (31 men, 28 women; 47 ± 14 yr) with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis (92% with hepatitis C virus antibody) received subcutaneous injections of 3 or 1 MU recombinant interferon-α 2b or placebo thrice weekly for 24 wk. Needle-biopsy sections taken before and after interferon treatment were examined for histological evaluation and collagen quantitation. Values were compared with results obtained by means of morphometrical analysis of liver collagen and Knodell scoring histological index. The index of periportal and/or bridging necrosis was the only component of Knodell’s histological score significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.05) in patients treated with 3 MU interferon compared with placebo-treated controls. The fibrosis score was not significantly changed. In contrast, liver total collagen variations measured colorimetrically and morphometrically were significantly decreased in patients treated with 3 MU and 1 MU compared with the increase observed in the placebo-treated controls (p &lt; 0.05). From these results, we conclude that a 6-mo course of 3 MU or 1 MU interferon-α 2b causes slight but nonetheless significant regression of liver fibrosis as assessed on the basis of quantitative estimation of liver collagen, irrespective of other response criteria, whereas progression of liver fibrosis can be observed in the absence of treatment. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:1344-1349.)
The Assessment of Diagnostic Tests
Authors: Samuel B. Sheps
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To study current diagnostic test evaluation, 129 recent articles were assessed against several well-known methodological criteria. Only 68% employed a well-defined "gold standard." Test interpretation was clearly described in only 68% and was stated to be "blind" in only 40%. Approximately 20% used the terms<i>sensitivity and specificity</i>incorrectly. Predictive values were considered in only 31% and the influence of disease prevalence and study setting was considered in only 19%. Overall, 74% failed to demonstrate more than four of seven important characteristics and there was an increased proportion of high specificities reported in this group. Articles assessing new tests reported high sensitivities and specificities significantly more often than articles assessing existing tests. These results indicate a clear need for greater attention to accepted methodological standards on the part of researchers, reviewers, and editors. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:2418-2422)
Prostate-Specific Antigen Level at the Time of Salvage Therapy After Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer and the Risk of Death
Authors: Derya Tilki, Ming-Hui Chen, Jing Wu, Hartwig Huland, Markus Graefen, Osama Mohamad, Janet E. Cowan, Felix Y. Feng, Peter R. Carroll, Anthony V. D'Amico
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

PURPOSE Both the performance characteristics of prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography and insurance approval improves with increasing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level causing some physicians to delay post-radical prostatectomy salvage radiation therapy (sRT) after PSA failure. Yet, it is unknown for men with at most one high-risk factor (ie, pT3/4 or prostatectomy [p] Gleason score 8-10) whether a PSA level exists above which initiating sRT is associated with increased all-cause mortality (ACM)-risk and was investigated. METHODS Using a multinational database of 25,551 patients with pT2-4N0 or NXM0 prostate cancer, multivariable Cox regression analysis evaluated whether an association with a significant increase in ACM-risk existed when sRT was delivered above a prespecified PSA level beginning at 0.10 ng/mL and in 0.05 increments up to 0.50 ng/mL versus at or below that level. The model was adjusted for age at and year of radical prostatectomy, established prostate cancer prognostic factors, institution, and the time-dependent use of androgen deprivation therapy. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 6.00 years, patients who received sRT at a PSA level &gt;0.25 ng/mL had a significantly higher ACM-risk (AHR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.00; P = .008) compared with men who received sRT when the PSA was ≤0.25 mg/mL. This elevated ACM-risk remained significant for all PSA cutpoints up to 0.50 ng/mL but was not significant at PSA cutpoint values below 0.25 ng/mL. CONCLUSION Among patients with at most one high-risk factor, initiating sRT above a PSA level of 0.25 ng/mL was associated with increased ACM-risk.
Angiogenesis in abnormal uterine bleeding: a narrative review
Authors: Mei-An Middelkoop, Emma E Don, Wouter J K Hehenkamp, Nicole J Polman, Arjan W Griffioen, Judith A F Huirne
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2023)

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) has a significant socioeconomic impact since it considerably impacts quality of life. Therapeutic options are frequently based on trial and error and do not target disease aetiology. Pathophysiological insight in this disease is required for the development of novel treatment options. If no underlying cause is found for the AUB (e.g. fibroids, adenomyosis, polyps), endometrial-AUB (AUB-E) is usually caused by a primary endometrium disorder. When AUB is induced by prescribed (exogenous) hormones, it is classified as iatrogenic-AUB (AUB-I). Considering vascular modulation and function, AUB-E and AUB-I both could potentially result from abnormal vascularization in the endometrium due to alterations in the process of angiogenesis and vascular maturation.
Progress in Treating a Neglected Tropical Disease
Authors: David H. Walker, Lucas S. Blanton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

In this issue of the Journal, Varghese et al. present an advance in an important component of addressing scrub typhus as a public health challenge over a large expanse of the world.1 In the Intravenous Treatment for Scrub Typhus (INTREST) clinical trial, the investigators found that treating patients with severe scrub typhus with a combination of azithromycin and doxycycline was superior to the use of either azithromycin or doxycycline alone with respect to the primary composite outcome of death at day 28, persistent complications at day 7, or persistent fever at day 5. In this trial, the life-threatening nature of . . .
MitoFish, MitoAnnotator, and MiFish Pipeline: Updates in 10 Years
Authors: Tao Zhu, Yukuto Sato, Tetsuya Sado, Masaki Miya, Wataru Iwasaki
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2023)

Abstract MitoFish, MitoAnnotator, and MiFish Pipeline are comprehensive databases of fish mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes), accurate annotation software of fish mitogenomes, and a web platform for metabarcoding analysis of fish mitochondrial environmental DNA (eDNA), respectively. The MitoFish Suite currently receives over 48,000 visits worldwide every year; however, the performance and usefulness of the online platforms can still be improved. Here, we present essential updates on these platforms, including an enrichment of the reference data sets, an enhanced searching function, substantially faster genome annotation and eDNA analysis with the denoising of sequencing errors, and a multisample comparative analysis function. These updates have made our platform more intuitive, effective, and reliable. These updated platforms are freely available at http://mitofish.aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp/.
Error in Results
Authors: Kimberley Geissler, Keith Ericson, Gregory Simon, Jing Qian, John Zeber
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2023)

paring the pre-ACA and post-ACA periods, there were significant differences in marital status but not for other characteristics.Regression-adjusted analyses showed a significant reduction in the percentage who were uninsured after the ACA vs before the ACA (8.4% vs 4.0%; difference, -4.5 percentage points [pp]; 95% CI, -8.3 to -0.6 pp) (Figure).There was a corresponding increase in coverage by Medicaid (difference, 8.7 pp; 95% CI, 0.3-17.1 pp) and Medicare (difference, 5.0 pp; 95% CI, -4.3 to 14.3 pp; not significant).Unadjusted analyses were similar, but differences were not statistically significant.Discussion | Following implementation of ACA provisions, the percentage of individuals with schizophrenia who were uninsured declined, accompanied by a rise in Medicaid coverage.Of people with schizophrenia, 4.0% remained uninsured after the ACA.This study was limited as we could not measure whether expanded coverage changed the clinical characteristics of those with Medicaid coverage or specific contributors to continued uninsurance.MEPS may underrepresent those with serious mental illness, although schizophrenia prevalence estimates derived from MEPS are consistent with other estimates. 1This study found a reduction in uninsurance rates among those with schizophrenia after the ACA, but continued attention is warranted to ensure adequate health care access for those with and without insurance.