tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Development of a tool to detect small airways dysfunction in asthma clinical practice
Authors: Janwillem Kocks, Thys van der Molen, Jaco Voorham, Simonetta Baldi, Maarten van den Berge, Chris Brightling, Leonardo M. Fabbri, Monica Kraft, Gabriele Nicolini, Alberto Papi, Klaus F. Rabe, Salman Siddiqui, Dave Singh, Judith Vonk, Marika Leving, Bertine Flokstra-de Blok
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

Small airways dysfunction (SAD) in asthma is difficult to measure and a gold standard is lacking. The aim of this study was to develop a simple tool including items of the Small Airways Dysfunction Tool (SADT) questionnaire, basic patient characteristics and respiratory tests available depending on the clinical setting to predict SAD in asthma.This study was based on the data of the multinational ATLANTIS (Assessment of Small Airways Involvement in Asthma) study including the earlier developed SADT questionnaire. Key SADT items together with clinical information were now used to build logistic regression models to predict SAD group (less likely or more likely to have SAD). Diagnostic ability of the models was expressed as area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and positive likelihood ratio (LR+).SADT item 8, "I sometimes wheeze when I am sitting or lying quietly", and the patient characteristics age, age at asthma diagnosis and body mass index could reasonably well detect SAD (AUC 0.74, LR+ 2.3). The diagnostic ability increased by adding spirometry (percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s: AUC 0.87, LR+ 5.0) and oscillometry (resistance difference between 5 and 20 Hz and reactance area: AUC 0.96, LR+ 12.8).If access to respiratory tests is limited (e.g. primary care in many countries), patients with SAD could reasonably well be identified by asking about wheezing at rest and a few patient characteristics. In (advanced) hospital settings patients with SAD could be identified with considerably higher accuracy using spirometry and oscillometry.
Identifying Stigma as a Key Initial Step to Equitable Hepatitis C Virus Care
Authors: Andrew Aronsohn
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Lamia Y. Haque, MD, MPH; David A. Fiellin, MD; Janet P. Tate, MPH, ScD; Denise Esserman, PhD; Debika Bhattacharya, MD, MSc; Adeel A. Butt, MBBS, MS; Stephen Crystal, PhD; E. Jennifer Edelman, MD, MHS; Adam J. Gordon, MD, MPH; Joseph K. Lim, MD; Jeanette M. Tetrault, MD; Emily C. Williams, PhD, MPH; Kendall Bryant, PhD; Emily J. Cartwright, MD; Christopher T. Rentsch, PhD; Amy C. Justice, MD, PhD; Vincent Lo Re III, MD, MSCE; Kathleen A. McGinnis, DrPh, MS
Novel Use of a Real-Time Prediction Model to Enhance Early Detection of Need for Massive Transfusion—Artificial Intelligence Behind the Drapes
Authors: Joshua A. Villarreal, Joseph D. Forrester
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Seung Mi Lee, MD, PhD; Garam Lee, PhD; Tae Kyong Kim, MD, PhD; Trang Le, PhD; Jie Hao, PhD; Young Mi Jung, MD; Chan-Wook Park, MD, PhD; Joong Shin Park, MD, PhD; Jong Kwan Jun, MD, PhD; Hyung-Chul Lee, MD, PhD; Dokyoon Kim, PhD
Association of Time to Surgery After COVID-19 Infection With Risk of Postoperative Cardiovascular Morbidity
Authors: John M. Bryant, Christina S. Boncyk, Kimberly F. Rengel, Vivian Doan, Connor Snarskis, Matthew D. McEvoy, Karen Y. McCarthy, Gen Li, Warren S. Sandberg, Robert E. Freundlich
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance The time interval between COVID-19 infection and surgery is a potentially modifiable but understudied risk factor for postoperative complications. Objective To examine the association between time to surgery after COVID-19 diagnosis and the risk of a composite of major postoperative cardiovascular morbidity events within 30 days of surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants This single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted among 3997 adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with a previous diagnosis of COVID-19, as documented by a positive polymerase chain reaction test result, who were undergoing surgery from January 1, 2020, to December 6, 2021. Data were obtained through Structured Query Language access of an existing perioperative data warehouse. Statistical analysis was performed March 29, 2022. Exposure The time interval between COVID-19 diagnosis and surgery. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the composite occurrence of major cardiovascular comorbidity, defined as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, cerebrovascular accident, myocardial injury, acute kidney injury, and death within 30 days after surgery, using multivariable logistic regression. Results A total of 3997 patients (2223 [55.6%]; median age, 51.3 years [IQR, 35.1-64.4 years]; 667 [16.7%] African American or Black; 2990 [74.8%] White; and 340 [8.5%] other race) were included in the study. The median time from COVID-19 diagnosis to surgery was 98 days (IQR, 30-225 days). Major postoperative adverse cardiovascular events were identified in 485 patients (12.1%). Increased time from COVID-19 diagnosis to surgery was associated with a decreased rate of the composite outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 0.99 [per 10 days]; 95% CI, 0.98-1.00; P = .006). This trend persisted for the 1552 patients who had received at least 1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine (adjusted odds ratio, 0.98 [per 10 days]; 95% CI, 0.97-1.00; P = .04). Conclusions and Relevance This study suggests that increased time from COVID-19 diagnosis to surgery was associated with a decreased odds of experiencing major postoperative cardiovascular morbidity. This information should be used to better inform risk-benefit discussions concerning optimal surgical timing and perioperative outcomes for patients with a history of COVID-19 infection.
Association Between Alcohol Use Disorder and Receipt of Direct-Acting Antiviral Hepatitis C Virus Treatment
Authors: Lamia Y. Haque, David A. Fiellin, Janet P. Tate, Denise Esserman, Debika Bhattacharya, Adeel A. Butt, Stephen Crystal, E. Jennifer Edelman, Adam J. Gordon, Joseph K. Lim, Jeanette M. Tetrault, Emily C. Williams, Kendall Bryant, Emily J. Cartwright, Christopher T. Rentsch, Amy C. Justice, Vincent Lo Re, Kathleen A. McGinnis
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with lower mortality and is effective in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, despite recommendations, patients with AUD may be less likely to receive DAAs.
Evaluation of Cancer Deaths Attributable to Tobacco in California, 2014-2019
Authors: Frances B. Maguire, Ani S. Movsisyan, Cyllene R. Morris, Arti Parikh-Patel, Theresa H. M. Keegan, Elisa K. Tong
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

California's tobacco control efforts have been associated with a decrease in cancer mortality, but these estimates are based on smoking prevalence of the general population. Patient-level tobacco use information allows for more precise estimates of the proportion of cancer deaths attributable to smoking.
Adiposity, Body Fat Distribution, and Risk of Major Stroke Types Among Adults in the United Kingdom
Authors: Preyanka Pillay, Sarah Lewington, Hannah Taylor, Ben Lacey, Jennifer Carter
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance Uncertainty persists regarding the independent association of general and central adiposity with major stroke types. Objective To determine the independent associations of general and central adiposity with risk of ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Design, Setting, and Participants Between 2006 and 2010, adults without prior stroke at recruitment in England, Scotland, and Wales were recruited into the UK Biobank prospective cohort study and were followed up through linkage with electronic medical records. Data were analyzed from September 2021 to September 2022. Exposures General adiposity (body mass index [BMI] calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) and central adiposity (waist circumference). Main Outcomes and Measures Incident ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage as recorded through record linkage with electronic hospital records. Cox regression estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) by stroke type. Results Among 490 071 participants, the mean (SD) age was 56.5 (8.1) years, 267 579 (54.6%) were female, and 461 647 (94.2%) were White. During a median (IQR) of 12 (11.2-12.7) years follow-up, 7117 incident ischemic strokes, 1391 intracerebral hemorrhages, and 834 subarachnoid hemorrhages were identified. After mutual adjustment for waist circumference, BMI had no independent association with ischemic stroke (HR per 5-unit higher BMI, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.97-1.11), but was inversely associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74-0.96) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69-0.96). Waist circumference (adjusted for BMI) was positively associated with ischemic stroke (HR per 10-cm higher waist circumference, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.13-1.25) and intracerebral hemorrhage (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05-1.30), but was not associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.93-1.22). Conclusions and Relevance In this large-scale prospective study, the independent and contrasting associations of BMI and waist circumference with stroke types suggests the importance of considering body fat distribution to stroke risk. Waist circumference was positively associated with the risk of ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, while BMI was inversely associated with the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage. This study also suggests that some adverse correlate of low BMI may be associated with an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage, which warrants further investigation.
Using Data Price Transparency to Evaluate Autologous and Alloplastic Breast Reconstruction—Does It Tell the Whole (S)tory?
Authors: Ronnie L. Shammas, Scott T. Hollenbeck
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Management of Acute Uncomplicated Appendicitis—Reply
Authors: Rodrigo Moisés de Almeida Leite, Rocco Ricciardi
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Perceptions About Cannabis Following Legalization Among Pregnant Individuals With Prenatal Cannabis Use in California
Authors: Kelly C. Young-Wolff, Tara R. Foti, Andrea Green, Andrea Altschuler, Monique B. Does, Melanie Jackson-Morris, Sara R. Adams, Deborah Ansley, Amy Conway, Nancy Goler, Maha N. Mian, Esti Iturralde
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance As rates of prenatal cannabis use increase and cannabis legalization spreads across the US, studies are needed to understand the potential impacts of legalization from the perspectives of pregnant individuals who use cannabis. Objective To characterize pregnant individuals’ perspectives on legalization of cannabis for adult use in California (effective in 2018) in relation to prenatal cannabis use behaviors and beliefs. Design, Setting, and Participants This qualitative study was conducted in Kaiser Permanente Northern California, a large health care system with universal screening for self-reported cannabis use at entrance to prenatal care. Eighteen semistructured focus groups were conducted from November 17 to December 17, 2021, using a secure video conferencing platform with Black and White pregnant participants who self-reported cannabis use during early pregnancy. Data were analyzed from March to June 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures Video-recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify major themes and subthemes. Results Among 53 participants (mean [SD] age, 30.3 [5.2] years), 23 (43%) identified as non-Hispanic Black and 30 (57%) identified as non-Hispanic White; 16 participants (30%) reported continued cannabis use at the time of recruitment. Major themes regarding the perceived impact of legalization included easier access (via retailers and delivery), greater acceptance (including reduced stigma and more discussions about prenatal cannabis use with health care practitioners), and trust in cannabis retailers (including safety and effectiveness of diverse products sold and perceptions of cannabis retailer employees as knowledgeable, nonjudgmental, and caring). Responses were mixed about whether retailer marketing and advertising were associated with prenatal cannabis use and whether legalization resulted in reduced concerns about Child Protective Services involvement. Conclusion and Relevance The findings of this qualitative study suggest pregnant individuals perceive cannabis legalization as having reduced barriers to prenatal cannabis use and that legalization has created challenges and opportunities for supporting the health of pregnant individuals. The results of this qualitative study highlight key areas that can be further explored in future educational materials, public health campaigns, and policy adaptations to address increasing rates of prenatal cannabis use.
Mass Violence and the Complex Spectrum of Mental Illness and Mental Functioning
Authors: James Knoll, Park Dietz
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2022)

Psychiatry has struggled to clarify the types of mental turmoil that are associated with mass violence. While the problem is complex, it may present an opportunity to improve research, as well as inform public dialogue about what types of mental illness are actually associated with such mass tragedies.Assuring the diagnostic accuracy of those who commit mass violence is challenging due to the retrospective nature of the analysis and lack of reliable psychiatric data. Psychiatric research has begun to use a dimensional approach that may be well suited to the study of mental illness in perpetrators of mass violence. This approach aggregates psychiatric symptoms into 3 domains of psychopathology: (1) internalizing, (2) externalizing, and (3) psychotic experience. This approach has practical clinical use and research support. A dimensional approach may help clear up misconceptions about the rate of psychosis in mass violence perpetrators, as well as reveal the most common dimensions of mental functioning associated with perpetrators.Improved research methods are needed to clarify and prevent mass violence. More precisely identifying the symptoms and mental turmoil of perpetrators may be associated with improved early identification and prevention. Because adolescence is a critical and formative period in which internalizing and externalizing problems arise, early interventions may have the best chance of reducing future mass violence.
Error in the Byline Order
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Fan Wu, MD; Bo Chen, MD; Dezuo Dong, PhD; Weiqi Rong, MD; Hongzhi Wang, MD; Liming Wang, MD; Shulian Wang, MD; Jing Jin, MD; Yongwen Song, MD; Yueping Liu, MD; Hui Fang, MD; Yuan Tang, MD; Ning Li, MD; Xianggao Zhu, MD; Yexiong Li, MD; Weihu Wang, MD; Jianxiong Wu, MD
Assessment of an Opioid Stewardship Program on Perioperative Opioid Prescribing in a Safety-Net Health System
Authors: Daniel A. DeUgarte, Ross Fleischman, Maureen Mccollough, Glenn Ault, Kevin Rolfe, Christian de Virgilio
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

This quality improvement study involves comparison of opioid prescription data before and after implementation of an opioid stewardship program in a safety-net medical system.
Management of Acute Uncomplicated Appendicitis
Authors: Saif Ullah, Faisal S. Ali, Bing-Rong Liu
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Blood-Based Diagnosis and Risk Stratification of Patients with Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN)
Authors: Chaoyang Zhang, Fawaz N. Al-Shaheri, Mohamed Saiel Saeed Alhamdani, Andrea S. Bauer, Jörg D. Hoheisel, Miriam Schenk, Ulf Hinz, Philipp Goedecke, Karam Al-Halabi, Markus W. Büchler, Nathalia A. Giese, Thilo Hackert, Susanne Roth
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Purpose: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a precursor of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Low-grade dysplasia has a relatively good prognosis, whereas high-grade dysplasia and IPMN invasive carcinoma require surgical intervention. However, diagnostic distinction is difficult. We aimed to identify biomarkers in peripheral blood for accurate discrimination. Experimental Design: Sera were obtained from 302 patients with IPMNs and 88 healthy donors. For protein biomarkers, serum samples were analyzed on microarrays made of 2,977 antibodies. A support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was applied to define classifiers, which were validated on a separate sample set. For microRNA biomarkers, a PCR-based screen was performed for discovery. Biomarker candidates confirmed by quantitative PCR were used to train SVM classifiers, followed by validation in a different sample set. Finally, a combined SVM classifier was established entirely independent of the earlier analyses, again using different samples for training and validation. Results: Panels of 26 proteins or seven microRNAs could distinguish high- and low-risk IPMN with an AUC value of 95% and 94%, respectively. Upon combination, a panel of five proteins and three miRNAs yielded an AUC of 97%. These values were much better than those obtained in the same patient cohort by using the guideline criteria for discrimination. In addition, accurate discrimination was achieved between other patient subgroups. Conclusions: Protein and microRNA biomarkers in blood allow precise diagnosis and risk stratification of IPMN cases, which should improve patient management and thus the prognosis of IPMN patients. See related commentary by Löhr and Pantel, p. 1387
Phase I Study of Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Combination with Anti–PD-1 in Melanoma Patients Pretreated with Anti–PD-1
Authors: Caroline Robert, Céleste Lebbé, Thierry Lesimple, Eija Lundström, Valérie Nicolas, Bruno Gavillet, Philippa Crompton, Barouyr Baroudjian, Emilie Routier, Ferdy J. Lejeune
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Androgen deprivation regenerates the thymus in adults, expanding of T-cell receptor V β repertoire in blood and lymphoid organs and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in human prostate tumors. In melanoma murine models, androgen receptor promotes metastases and androgen blockade potentiates antitumor vaccine efficacy. This phase I study evaluated the safety, efficacy, and pharmocodynamics of androgen deprivation with the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist triptorelin combined with nivolumab in male patients with melanoma resistant to anti-PD-1.Adult male patients with advanced melanoma who progressed under anti-PD-1 containing regimens received triptorelin 3.75 mg every 4 weeks, nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks, and bicalutamide 50 mg once daily during the first 28 days. Tumor response was first assessed after 3 months; adverse events (AE) were monitored throughout the study. T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC), a biomarker of thymus activity, were explored throughout the study.Of 14 patients, 4 were locally advanced and 10 had distant metastases. There were no grade 4 or 5 AEs. Five grade three AEs were reported in 4 patients. According to RECIST v1.1, best overall response was partial response (PR) in one patient with a pancreas metastasis, stable disease (SD) in 5 patients, and progressive disease in 8 patients. According to iRECIST, a second PR occurred after an initial pseudoprogression, TRECs increased in 2 patients, one with PR who also had an increase in TILs, and the second with SD.This combination was well tolerated. Disease control was obtained in 42.8% (RECIST) and 50% (iRECIST). The evidence for thymus rejuvenation was limited.