tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bempedoic Acid for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Mark R. Goldstein, Luca Mascitelli
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Review of Diabetic Foot Ulcers—Reply
Authors: David G. Armstrong, Andrew J. M. Boulton, Sicco A. Bus
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evolution of the Spider Homeobox Gene Repertoire by Tandem and Whole Genome Duplication
Authors: Madeleine E Aase-Remedios, Ralf Janssen, Daniel J Leite, Lauren Sumner-Rooney, Alistair P McGregor
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2023)

Gene duplication generates new genetic material that can contribute to the evolution of gene regulatory networks and phenotypes. Duplicated genes can undergo subfunctionalization to partition ancestral functions and/or neofunctionalization to assume a new function. We previously found there had been a whole genome duplication (WGD) in an ancestor of arachnopulmonates, the lineage including spiders and scorpions but excluding other arachnids like mites, ticks, and harvestmen. This WGD was evidenced by many duplicated homeobox genes, including two Hox clusters, in spiders. However, it was unclear which homeobox paralogues originated by WGD versus smaller-scale events such as tandem duplications. Understanding this is a key to determining the contribution of the WGD to arachnopulmonate genome evolution. Here we characterized the distribution of duplicated homeobox genes across eight chromosome-level spider genomes. We found that most duplicated homeobox genes in spiders are consistent with an origin by WGD. We also found two copies of conserved homeobox gene clusters, including the Hox, NK, HRO, Irx, and SINE clusters, in all eight species. Consistently, we observed one copy of each cluster was degenerated in terms of gene content and organization while the other remained more intact. Focussing on the NK cluster, we found evidence for regulatory subfunctionalization between the duplicated NK genes in the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum compared to their single-copy orthologues in the harvestman Phalangium opilio. Our study provides new insights into the relative contributions of multiple modes of duplication to the homeobox gene repertoire during the evolution of spiders and the function of NK genes.
Opsin Gene Duplication in Lepidoptera: Retrotransposition, Sex Linkage, and Gene Expression
Authors: Peter O Mulhair, Liam Crowley, Douglas H Boyes, Owen T Lewis, Peter W H Holland
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2023)

Color vision in insects is determined by signaling cascades, central to which are opsin proteins, resulting in sensitivity to light at different wavelengths. In certain insect groups, lineage-specific evolution of opsin genes, in terms of copy number, shifts in expression patterns, and functional amino acid substitutions, has resulted in changes in color vision with subsequent behavioral and niche adaptations. Lepidoptera are a fascinating model to address whether evolutionary change in opsin content and sequence evolution are associated with changes in vision phenotype. Until recently, the lack of high-quality genome data representing broad sampling across the lepidopteran phylogeny has greatly limited our ability to accurately address this question. Here, we annotate opsin genes in 219 lepidopteran genomes representing 33 families, reconstruct their evolutionary history, and analyze shifts in selective pressures and expression between genes and species. We discover 44 duplication events in opsin genes across ∼300 million years of lepidopteran evolution. While many duplication events are species or family specific, we find retention of an ancient long-wavelength-sensitive (LW) opsin duplication derived by retrotransposition within the speciose superfamily Noctuoidea (in the families Nolidae, Erebidae, and Noctuidae). This conserved LW retrogene shows life stage-specific expression suggesting visual sensitivities or other sensory functions specific to the early larval stage. This study provides a comprehensive order-wide view of opsin evolution across Lepidoptera, showcasing high rates of opsin duplications and changes in expression patterns.
Lung Cancer Risk Prediction Models for Asian Ever-Smokers
Authors: Jae Jeong Yang, Wanqing Wen, Hana Zahed, Wei Zheng, Qing Lan, Sarah K. Abe, Md. Shafiur Rahman, Md. Rashedul Islam, Eiko Saito, Prakash C. Gupta, Akiko Tamakoshi, Woon-Puay Koh, Yu-Tang Gao, Ritsu Sakata, Ichiro Tsuji, Reza Malekzadeh, Yumi Sugawara, Jeongseon Kim, Hidemi Ito, Chisato Nagata, San-Lin You, Sue K. Park, Jian-Min Yuan, Myung-Hee Shin, Sun-Seog Kweon, Sang-Wook Yi, Mangesh S. Pednekar, Takashi Kimura, Hui Cai, Yukai Lu, Arash Etemadi, Seiki Kanemura, Keiko Wada, Chien-Jen Chen, Aesun Shin, Renwei Wang, Yoon-Ok Ahn, Min-Ho Shin, Heechoul Ohrr, Mahdi Sheikh, Batel Blechter, Habibul Ahsan, Paolo Boffetta, Kee Seng Chia, Keitaro Matsuo, You-Lin Qiao, Nathaniel Rothman, Manami Inoue, Daehee Kang, Hilary A. Robbins, Xiao-Ou Shu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2023)
Efficacy and safety of moxidectin compared with ivermectin against Strongyloides stercoralis infection in adults in Laos and Cambodia: a randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority, phase 2b/3 trial
Authors: Viviane P Sprecher, Daniela Hofmann, Vanthanom Savathdy, Phengsavanh Xayavong, Chomseng Norkhankhame, Rekol Huy, Virak Khieu, Somphou Sayasone, Jan Hattendorf, Jennifer Keiser
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2023)
Virus isolation and neutralisation of SARS-CoV-2 variants BA.2.86 and EG.5.1
Authors: Ria Lassaunière, Charlotta Polacek, Magdalena Utko, Karina M Sørensen, Sharmin Baig, Kirsten Ellegaard, Leandro A Escobar-Herrera, Anders Fomsgaard, Katja Spiess, Vithiagaran Gunalan, Marc Bennedbæk, Jannik Fonager, Olivier Schwartz, Delphine Planas, Etienne Simon-Lorière, Uffe V Schneider, Raphael N Sieber, Marc Stegger, Lene Nielsen, Morten Hoppe, Tyra G Krause, Henrik Ullum, Pikka Jokelainen, Morten Rasmussen
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2023)
Epicardial adipose tissue in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Xu Wang, Steele C Butcher, Rinchyenkhand Myagmardorj, Sophie I E Liem, Victoria Delgado, Jeroen J Bax, Jeska K De Vries-Bouwstra, Nina Ajmone Marsan
Journal:  (2023)

Abstract Aims Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has emerged as a mediator between systemic inflammatory disorders and cardiovascular disease, and may therefore play a role in the pathophysiology of cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc). The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between EAT and left ventricular (LV) function, and to determine the prognostic value of EAT in patients with SSc. Methods and results Consecutive patients with SSc who underwent non-contrast thorax computed tomography and echocardiography were included. EAT mass was quantified using dedicated software. The study endpoint was all-cause mortality. A total of 230 SSc patients (age 53 ± 15 years, 14% male) were included. The median value of EAT mass was 67 g (interquartile range: 45–101 g). Patients with increased EAT mass (≥67 g) showed more impaired LV diastolic function as compared with patients with less EAT mass (&amp;lt;67 g), and even after adjusting for age and comorbidities, EAT mass was independently associated with LV diastolic function parameters. During a median follow-up of 8 years, 42 deaths occurred. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with increased EAT mass had higher all-cause mortality rate as compared with patients with less EAT mass (29% vs. 7%; P &amp;lt; 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, EAT was independently associated with all-cause mortality after adjusting for important covariates (HR: 1.006; 95% CI: 1.001–1.010). Conclusion In patients with SSc, EAT is independently associated with LV diastolic dysfunction and higher mortality rate.
Mitonuclear Sex Determination? Empirical Evidence from Bivalves
Authors: Chase H Smith, Raquel Mejia-Trujillo, Sophie Breton, Brendan J Pinto, Mark Kirkpatrick, Justin C Havird
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2023)

Genetic elements encoded in nuclear DNA determine the sex of an individual in many animals. In certain bivalve lineages that possess doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been hypothesized to contribute to sex determination. In these cases, females transmit a female mtDNA to all offspring, while male mtDNA (M mtDNA) is transmitted only from fathers to sons. Because M mtDNA is inherited in the same way as Y chromosomes, it has been hypothesized that mtDNA may be responsible for sex determination. However, the role of mitochondrial and nuclear genes in sex determination has yet to be validated in DUI bivalves. In this study, we used DNA, RNA, and mitochondrial short noncoding RNA (sncRNA) sequencing to explore the role of mitochondrial and nuclear elements in the sexual development pathway of the freshwater mussel Potamilus streckersoni (Bivalvia: Unionida). We found that the M mtDNA sheds a sncRNA partially within a male-specific mitochondrial gene that targets a pathway hypothesized to be involved in female development and mitophagy. RNA-seq confirmed the gene target was significantly upregulated in females, supporting a direct role of mitochondrial sncRNAs in gene silencing. These findings support the hypothesis that M mtDNA inhibits female development. Genome-wide patterns of genetic differentiation and heterozygosity did not support a nuclear sex-determining region, although we cannot reject that nuclear factors are involved with sex determination. Our results provide further evidence that mitochondrial loci contribute to diverse, nonrespiratory functions and additional insights into an unorthodox sex-determining system.
The US–Mexico border, migration crisis, and falciparum malaria
Authors: Ana Patricia Rendón-Hernández, Luis Esteban Ramírez-González, Mayte Martínez-Velázquez, Claudia Vázquez-Zamora, Beatriz Leal-Escobar, José Luis Soto-Hernández
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2023)
Immunogenicity and safety of a new quadrivalent HPV vaccine in girls and boys aged 9–14 years versus an established quadrivalent HPV vaccine in women aged 15–26 years in India: a randomised, active-controlled, multicentre, phase 2/3 trial
Authors: Hitt Sharma, Sameer Parekh, Pramod Pujari, Sunil Shewale, Shivani Desai, Neerja Bhatla, Smita Joshi, Sharmila Pimple, Anand Kawade, Latha Balasubramani, Anitha Thomas, Vanita Suri, Sanjay Lalwani, Rajini Uday, Veena Kamath, Ranajit Mandal, A Rajeswar, Abraham Peedicayil, Usha Rani Poli, Dipanwita Banerjee, Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan, Partha Basu, Richard Muwonge, Sunil Gairola, Vikas Dogar, Harish Rao, Umesh Shaligram
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2023)
Phytochromes transmit photoperiod information via the evening complex in Brachypodium
Authors: Mingjun Gao, Yunlong Lu, Feng Geng, Cornelia Klose, Anne-Marie Staudt, He Huang, Duy Nguyen, Hui Lan, Han Lu, Todd C. Mockler, Dmitri A. Nusinow, Andreas Hiltbrunner, Eberhard Schäfer, Philip A. Wigge, Katja E. Jaeger
Journal: Genome biology (2023)

Daylength is a key seasonal cue for animals and plants. In cereals, photoperiodic responses are a major adaptive trait, and alleles of clock genes such as PHOTOPERIOD1 (PPD1) and EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3) have been selected for in adapting barley and wheat to northern latitudes. How monocot plants sense photoperiod and integrate this information into growth and development is not well understood.We find that phytochrome C (PHYC) is essential for flowering in Brachypodium distachyon. Conversely, ELF3 acts as a floral repressor and elf3 mutants display a constitutive long day phenotype and transcriptome. We find that ELF3 and PHYC occur in a common complex. ELF3 associates with the promoters of a number of conserved regulators of flowering, including PPD1 and VRN1. Consistent with observations in barley, we are able to show that PPD1 overexpression accelerates flowering in short days and is necessary for rapid flowering in response to long days. PHYC is in the active Pfr state at the end of the day, but we observe it undergoes dark reversion over the course of the night.We propose that PHYC acts as a molecular timer and communicates information on night-length to the circadian clock via ELF3.
Short-Term versus Long-Term Mentalization-Based Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial (MBT-RCT)
Authors: Sophie Juul, Janus Christian Jakobsen, Emilie Hestbaek, Caroline Kamp Jørgensen, Markus Harboe Olsen, Marie Rishede, Frederik Weischer Frandsen, Sune Bo, Susanne Lunn, Stig Poulsen, Per Sørensen, Anthony Bateman, Sebastian Simonsen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2023)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe and prevalent psychiatric disorder. Mentalization-based therapy (MBT) is an evidence-based intervention for BPD, and several countries offer treatment programs for BPD lasting for years, which is resource demanding. No previous trial has compared short-term with long-term MBT. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of short-term versus long-term MBT for outpatients with BPD. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Adult outpatients (≥18 years) with subthreshold or diagnosed BPD were randomly assigned (1:1) to short-term MBT (5 months) or long-term MBT (14 months). The primary outcome was BPD symptoms assessed with the Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder. Secondary outcomes were functional impairment, quality of life, global functioning, and severe self-harm. All outcomes were primarily assessed at 16 months after randomization. This trial was prospectively registered at &lt;ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://ClinicalTrials.gov" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"&gt;ClinicalTrials.gov&lt;/ext-link&gt;, NCT03677037. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Between October 4, 2018, and December 3, 2020, we randomly assigned 166 participants to short-term MBT (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 84) or long-term MBT (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 82). Regression analyses showed no evidence of a difference when assessing BPD symptoms (MD 0.99; 95% CI: −1.06 to 3.03; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.341), level of functioning (MD 1.44; 95% CI: −1.43 to 4.32; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.321), quality of life (MD −0.91; 95% CI: −4.62 to 2.79; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.626), global functioning (MD −2.25; 95% CI: −6.70 to 2.20; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.318), or severe self-harm (RR 1.37; 95% CI: 0.70–2.84; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.335). More participants in the long-term MBT group had a serious adverse event compared with short-term MBT (RR 1.63; 95% CI: 0.94–3.07; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.088), primarily driven by a difference in psychiatric hospitalizations (RR 2.03; 95% CI: 0.99–5.09; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.056). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Long-term MBT did not lead to lower levels of BPD symptoms, nor did it influence any of the secondary outcomes compared with short-term MBT.
Five Cases of Cytokine Release Syndrome in Patients Receiving Cytotoxic Chemotherapy Together With Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab: A Case Report
Authors: Yoshimasa Shiraishi, Takaaki Tokito, Ryo Toyozawa, Chiaki Inagaki, Hiroshi Nokihara, Yosuke Kawashima, Yuichiro Ohe, Isamu Okamoto
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2023)
The Efficacy and Safety of Metastasis-directed Therapy in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Marcin Miszczyk, Pawel Rajwa, Takafumi Yanagisawa, Zuzanna Nowicka, Sung Ryul Shim, Ekaterina Laukhtina, Tatsushi Kawada, Markus von Deimling, Benjamin Pradere, Juan Gómez Rivas, Giorgio Gandaglia, Roderick C.N. van den Bergh, Gregor Goldner, Stephane Supiot, Thomas Zilli, Quoc-Dien Trinh, Paul L. Nguyen, Alberto Briganti, Piet Ost, Guillaume Ploussard, Shahrokh F. Shariat
Journal: European Urology (2023)

Despite the lack of level 1 evidence, metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) is used widely in the management of metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) patients. Data are continuously emerging from well-designed prospective studies. To summarise and report the evidence on oncological and safety outcomes of MDT in the management of mPCa patients. We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for prospective studies assessing progression-free survival (PFS), local control (LC), androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)-free survival (ADT-FS), overall survival (OS), and/or adverse events (AEs) in mPCa patients treated with MDT. A meta-analysis was performed for 1- and 2-yr PFS, LC, ADT-FS, OS, and rate of AEs. Meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were performed to account for heterogeneity and identify moderators. We identified 22 prospective studies (n = 1137), including two randomised controlled trials (n = 116). Two studies were excluded from the meta-analysis (n = 120). The estimated 2-yr PFS was 46% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 36–56%) or 42% (95% CI: 33–52%) after excluding studies using biochemical or ADT-related endpoints. The estimated 2-yr LC, ADT-FS, and OS were 97% (95% CI: 94–98%), 55% (95% CI: 44–65%), and 97% (95% CI: 95–98%), respectively. Rates of treatment-related grade 2 and ≥3 AEs were 2.4% (95% CI: 0.2–7%) and 0.3% (95% CI: 0–1%), respectively. MDT is a promising treatment strategy associated with favourable PFS, excellent LC, and a low toxicity profile that allows oligorecurrent hormone-sensitive patients to avoid or defer ADT-related toxicity. Integration of MDT with other therapies offers a promising research direction, in particular, in conjunction with systemic treatments and as a component of definitive care for oligometastatic PCa. However, in the absence of randomised trials, using MDT for treatment intensification remains an experimental approach, and the impact on OS is uncertain. Direct treatment of metastases is a promising option for selected prostate cancer patients. It can delay hormone therapy and is being investigated as a way of intensifying treatment at the expense of manageable toxicity.
Macrophage states: there's a method in the madness
Authors: Gajanan Katkar, Pradipta Ghosh
Journal: Trends in Immunology (2023)

Single-cell approaches have shone a spotlight on discrete context-specific tissue macrophage states, deconstructed to their most minute details. Machine-learning (ML) approaches have recently challenged that dogma by revealing a context-agnostic continuum of states shared across tissues. Both approaches agree that 'brake' and 'accelerator' macrophage subpopulations must be balanced to achieve homeostasis. Both approaches also highlight the importance of ensemble fluidity as subpopulations switch between wide ranges of accelerator and brake phenotypes to mount the most optimal wholistic response to any threat. A full comprehension of the rules that govern these brake and accelerator states is a promising avenue because it can help formulate precise macrophage re-education therapeutic strategies that might selectively boost or suppress disease-associated states and phenotypes across various tissues.
CSMP: A Self‐Assembled Plant Polysaccharide‐Based Hydrofilm for Enhanced Wound Healing
Authors: Zhen Qiao, KeLun Zhang, Huifang Liu, Yeonjeong Roh, Myoung Gyu Kim, Hyo Joo Lee, Bonhan Koo, Eun Yeong Lee, Minju Lee, Chang Ook Park, Yong Shin
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Wound management remains a critical healthcare issue due to the rising incidence of chronic diseases leading to persistent wounds. Traditional dressings have their limitations, such as potential for further damage during changing and suboptimal healing conditions. Recently, hydrogel‐based dressings have gained attention due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to fill wounds. Particularly, polysaccharide‐based hydrogels have shown potential in various medical applications. This study focuses on the development of a novel hydrofilm wound dressing produced from a blend of chia seed mucilage (CSM) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), termed CSMP. While the individual properties of CSM and PVA are well‐documented, their combined potential in wound management is largely unexplored. CSMP, coupled with sorbitol and glycerin, and cross‐linked using ultraviolet light, results in a flexible, adhesive, and biocompatible hydrofilm demonstrating superior water absorption, moisturizing, and antibacterial properties. This hydrofilm promotes epithelial cell migration, enhanced collagen production, and outperforms existing commercial dressings in animal tests. The innovative CSMP hydrofilm offers a promising, cost‐effective approach for improved wound care, bridging existing gaps in dressing performance and preparation simplicity. Future research can unlock further applications of such polysaccharide‐based hydrofilm dressings.