tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Manual of Standard Practice of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: R. H. Ivy
Journal: JAMA (1942)

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Abstract 343: Activation of ROR-α, but not ROR-β or ROR-γ, Protects against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Jun Pu, Ben He, Erhe Gao, Xinliang Ma, Yajing Wang
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Objectives: The RAR-related orphan receptors (RORs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that play a pivotal role in many physiological processes, including regulation of the circadian rhythm, development, metabolism and immune function. Three different but highly homologous ROR isoforms, ROR-α, -β, and -γ, have been discovered separately. However, the functional roles of RORs in the heart have never been investigated. We investigate the role of RORs in the pathophysiology of acute myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Methods and Results: The endogenous RORα, but not RORβ or RORγ, was significantly upregulated after MI/R. Synthetic ROR agonists SR1078 and SR3335 reduced myocardial infarction and improved contractile function after MI/R. Mechanistically, ROR activation inhibited endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, attenuated mitochondrial impairment, reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and inhibited MI/R-induced autophagy dysfunction. Moreover, ROR activation inhibited MI/R-induced oxidative stress and nitrative stress. The aforementioned cardioprotective effects of ROR agonists were impaired in the setting of cardiac-specific gene silencing of RORα, but not RORβ or RORγ subtype. In contrast, adenovirus-mediated cardiac RORα overexpression, but not RORβ or RORγ overexpression, decreased myocardial infarct size and improved cardiac function through attenuating oxidative/nitrative stress and inhibiting ER stress, mitochondrial impairment, and autophagy dysfunction. Finally, RORα sg/sg mice (loss-of-function mutation in RORα), but not RORβ-null or RORγ-null mice, increased MI/R injury (greater apoptosis, larger infarct size, and poor cardiac function), exacerbated MI/R-induced oxidative/nitrative stress, and aggravated endoplasmic-reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy dysfunction. Conclusion: Our study provides the first direct evidence that RORα acts as a novel endogenous cardioprotective receptor against myocardial injury. RORα, but not RORβ or RORγ, is a novel cardiac protective receptor against MI/R injury, supporting for the drug development strategies specifically targeting RORα for the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
Abstract 2120: Circulating Markers of Myocyte Injury Predict First Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation. Data from the GISSI-Atrial Fibrillation Trial
Authors: Serge Masson, Salvatore Pirelli, Giancarlo Pulitano, Emanuele Carbonieri, Michele Gulizia, Tarcisio Vago, Simona Barlera, Aldo P Maggioni, Maria Grazia Franzosi, Marcello Disertori, Roberto Latini
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Whether circulating biomarkers may help in predicting long-term maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is still debated. We evaluated the prognostic role of two markers of cardiomyocyte injury in patients with a history of recent AF. Baseline plasma concentrations of NT-proBNP and cardiac troponin T (high sensitive, for evaluation purposes only) were measured (Elecsys 2010, Roche Diagnostics) in 382 patients diagnosed with symptomatic AF having additional underlying cardiovascular diseases/comorbidities, enrolled in 36 centers participating to GISSI-AF, a prospective randomized study. The association between these markers, clinical characteristics and outcome (adjudicated primary endpoint: time to first recurrence of AF) was tested by univariate and multivariable Cox models. Baseline concentrations of NT-proBNP and hsTnT were 191 [95–363] pg/mL (median [Q1–Q3]) and 0.008 [0.006 – 0.013] ng/mL in these patients with a history of AF (62.8% males, 46.1% aged &gt; 70 y, 11% with either HF or depressed LVEF, 13.1% diabetics, 33.3% with SBP &gt;140 mmHg ). Both markers were elevated in older patients (&gt;70 y), those with HF and/or LVEF&lt;0.40 or with creatinine &gt;1 mg/dL. Above median concentrations of hsTnT (HR [95%CI] adjusted for gender 1.35 [1.02–1.78], p=0.038) and NT-proBNP (1.34 [1.01–1.78], p=0.040) were associated with higher risk of experiencing a first recurrence of AF (203 patients, 53.1%). Even small elevations of circulating markers of cardiomyocyte death (troponin) and stretch (natriuretic peptide) may be useful for the prediction of recurrence of AF in patients with a history of recent AF.
F-18 FDG uptake in a bone infarct: a case report.
Authors: MARCUS VINICIUS GRIGOLON, DOMINIQUE DELBEKE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Purpose The authors describe a patient with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake resulting from a bone infarct of a rib. Materials and Methods A 52-year-old woman with a history of left breast cancer and total mastectomy 5 years earlier was examined for pain in her left rib cage in the past 2 weeks. A bone scan showed diffusely increased uptake in the left fifth rib, possibly suggestive of a metastasis. An FDG positron emission tomographic (PET) scan was performed to rule out metastatic disease. Results The FDG PET images showed two focal areas of increased uptake in the fifth and sixth left ribs, consistent with bone metastases. The patient underwent excision of a long segment of her left fifth rib and the pathological findings were consistent with bone infarct, without definite signs of metastatic disease. Conclusion Bone infarct can take up FDG, probably as a result of an inflammatory process.
Abstract 17403: Extent of Late Gadolinium Enhancement in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Its Relationship with Left Ventricular Longitudinal Functional Reserve During Exercise in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jeonggeun Moon, Woo-In Yang, In Jeong Cho, Chi Young Shim, Young-Jin Kim, Yangsoo Jang, Namsik Chung, Seung-Yun Cho, Jong-Won Ha
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background:  Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is a common abnormal observation in gadolinium-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which reflects myocardial fibrosis. We hypothesized that the extent of LGE would correlate with parameters of LV functional reserve during exercise in HCM patients.   Methods:  Mitral septal annular systolic (S9) and early diastolic (E9) velocities were measured at rest and during graded supine bicycle exercise (25W, 3-minute increments) in 46 HCM patients (32 male, mean age 53 years). LV longitudinal diastolic and systolic functional reserve indices were calculated as follows; diastolic function reserve index=ΔE9×E9 base , where ΔE9 is the change in E9 from baseline to 50 W of exercise, systolic reserve index=ΔS9×S9 base , where ΔS9 is the change in S9 from baseline to 50 W of exercise. The degree of myocardial fibrosis was assessed with gadolinium-enhanced CMR. The study patients were divided into two groups according to the extent of LGE (% of LGE mass to LV mass [range; 0 to 37%, the median=6%]): Group 1 (n=23) with larger extent of LGE (LV with LGE ≥ 6%) and Group 2 with lesser extent of LGE.   Results:  There were no significant differences in resting echocardiographic parameters between two groups except S9 (5.0±1.0 vs. 5.8±1.2 cm/s) and deceleration time of mitral inflow (230±75 vs. 190±36 ms) ( P  P  P    Conclusion:  Augmentation of LV longitudinal function during exercise is more blunted in HCM patients with greater extent of LGE on CMR. The extent of myocardial fibrosis might be a pathologic substrate which determines LV functional reserve during exercise in HCM.
Abstract 6164: Plasma Profiles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Kishan Jasti, Siva Bhashyam, Diane Vido, Laurie Machen, Carrie Melegari, Srinivas Murali
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in animal models. Whether plasma profiles o...
315. Progress toward Generating a Transgenic CRE-Reporter Ferret Model To Study Stem/Progenitor Cell Lineage Relationships in the Lung
Authors: Xiaoming Liu, Xingshen Sun, Meihui Luo, Yalin Yi, Michael J. Goodheart, Kalpaj R. Parekh, John F. Engelhardt
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)
Abstract 3827: Upregulation of MicroRNA 27a, which Downregulates Retinoid X Receptor{alpha}, Controls Cardiac Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Expression in Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocyte
Authors: Hitoo Nishi, Koh Ono, Minako Kinoshita, Kazuya Nagao, Takahiro Horie
Journal: Circulation (2008)

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small noncoding RNA that modulates posttranscriptional translation. A growing body of evidence indicates that miRNA is involved in basic cell functions and oncogenesis. To identify a possible functional role of miRNA in the heart, we first suppressed the expression of Dicer, which is required for miRNA biogenesis and function. Lenti-virus-mediated introduction of siRNA against Dicer into neonatal rat cardiomyocytes increased α/β-MHC mRNA expression ratio, in a pattern opposite to that observed in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. To identify miRNAs that regulate α/β-MHC expression in the heart, we performed a miRNA microarray analysis of the heart in a salt-sensitive Dahl rat model. In this model, systemic hypertension caused compensated concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) at the age of 11 weeks, followed by congestive heart failure (CHF) at 17 weeks. We identified several miRNAs that were upregulated at the LVH or CHF stages in the heart of Dahl salt-sensitive rats and overexpressed these miRNAs in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes by lenti-virus. As a result, miR-27a was found to decrease the α/β-MHC mRNA expression ratio. The computational miRNA target prediction algorithm showed that the target of miR-27a is retinoid X receptor (RXR)-α, which can regulate α/β-MHC transcription. Moreover, when the expression of RXR-α was downregulated by siRNA, the α/β-MHC mRNA expression ratio decreased in the same manner as the overexpression of miR-27a. To study the loss of miR-27a function, we constructed ‘decoy’ genes, which had 3 or 6 tandem complementary sequences of miR-27a at the 3′UTR of luciferase gene under the control of CMV promoter. When miR-27a ‘decoy’ genes were introduced into cardiac myocytes, the α/β-MHC ratio was increased, suggesting that the decoy rescued α/β-MHC mRNA from suppression by miR-27a. These findings demonstrate that upregulation of microRNA-27a, which downregulates retinoid X receptor α, controls α/β-myosin heavy chain gene expression in cardiomyocyte.
Abstract P357: The Impact of Dietary and Metabolic Risk Factors on Cardiovascular and Diabetes Mortality in South Asia: An Analysis from the 2010 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study
Authors: Mohammad Yawar Yakoob, Renata Micha, Shahab Khatibzadeh, Ashkan Afshin, Peilin Shi, Gitanjali Singh, Majid Ezzati, Dariush Mozaffarian, None On behalf of Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries,and Risk Fa, None Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group
Journal: Circulation (2012)

BACKGROUND: Cardiometabolic diseases are rising in South Asia. The impact of modifiable diet and metabolic risk factors on mortality due to these diseases has not been quantified for this region using consistent methodology. OBJECTIVE: To estimate disease-specific mortality effects of major diet and metabolic risk factors by age and sex in South Asia. METHODS: We used a comparative risk assessment analysis (CRA) framework, developed as part of the 2010 GBD study, for six countries of the region (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan). The current national risk factor exposure distribution for these countries was obtained from systematic literature searches of nationally representative surveys and direct author contact. We identified 8 surveys for diet and 50 for metabolic risks. The likely causal effect sizes of risk factor-disease relationships (RRs) were derived from meta-analyses of trials or epidemiological studies. Plausible optimal alternative exposure distributions were identified from other global studies or regions, and total disease-specific deaths were obtained from 2008 WHO data. Missing exposure data were imputed using multi-level hierarchical Bayesian models with time varying covariates. Inputs were combined to compute population attributable fractions and mortality preventable from these risks. We performed sensitivity analyses by varying choice of exposure metrics, causal effect sizes, and alternative distributions. Updated GBD estimates for smoking and physical activity are in progress. RESULTS: Among metabolic risks, high systolic blood pressure and high BMI produced the highest number of preventable cardiometabolic deaths in South Asia in 2008 in both men and women ( Figure ). Other risks, including fruits also contributed to a substantial number of deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Use of CRA methods allows quantification of the impact of specific modifiable risk factors on disease, informing health policy and priority setting to improve diet and lifestyle in people of South Asia.
A current perspective of pseudocyesis
Authors: L M Cohen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

Pseudocyesis is a diagnosis out of medical antiquity in with the physiological and psychological concomitants of pregnancy develop in the absence of the true gravid state. Along with other dramatic and polymorphous psychiatric disorders pseudocyesis appears to have decreased in frequency or altered its clinical manifestation in this century. The author discusses the reasons behind these changes and describes a comparable modern neuroendocrine diagnosis, the galactorrhea-amenorrhea hyperprolactinemia syndrome. He advocates the combined use of the term pseudocyesis for a selected population of patients.
Abstract 2348: Mechanisms Responsible for the Termination of Atrial Fibrillation Assessed by Non-contact Mapping System
Authors: Naoki Yoshida, Yasuya Inden, Tomohiro Uchikawa, Tomoya Kitamura, Hiromi Kamiya, Masayuki Shimano, Makoto Hirai, Toyoaki Murohara
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Previous studies have shown the mechanisms responsible for the initiation and the maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF) in a variety of animal and human models. However, little is known regarding the termination mechanisms of human AF. This study is aimed to assess the termination mechanisms of AF by evaluating the relationship between AF termination and the left atrial anatomical structures. Methods: We studied 106 patients (86 men, mean age; 61±12 years) with paroxysmal AF (n=80) and persistent AF (n=26). They underwent mapping of the left atrium (LA) and the pulmonary vein (PV) using non-contact mapping system (NCMS). Activation sequences on isopotential color maps at the time of the spontaneous termination of AF were analyzed. Results: We recorded 19 AF terminations in 17 patients. Six terminations were abandoned from the analysis because of the existence of the QRS complex. In 10 (77%) of the residual 13 terminations, the significant prolongation of AF cycle length by 42±29 ms measured ...
Abstract 1508: Stim1-Mediated Store-Operated Calcium (SOC) Influx in Calcineurin-Dependent Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Xiang Luo, Samvit Tandan, Nan Jiang, Beverly A Rothermel, Joseph A Hill
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction : Calcineurin is activated by Ca 2+ /calmodulin and promotes pathological remodeling of the heart. In many cell types, store-operated calcium (SOC) entry, a process triggered by depletion of ER Ca stores, plays an obligate role in repleting Ca stores, and hence, in subsequent sustained increases in intracellular Ca. Little is known regarding SOC Ca influx in heart or its role in stress responsiveness. Methods and Results : Using RT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot methods, we found that Stim1, a recently identified molecular component of the SOC channel, is expressed in both neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) and adult myocytes. Working with isolated cells, we used Fura-2 to measure SOC Ca influx, finding that this mechanism does, in fact, exist in cardiomyocytes. However, SOC Ca influx was substantially more robust in neonatal myocytes than adult. Given that SOC current was prominent in neonatal cells, we tested ventricular myocytes isolated from calcineurin-transgenic mice, a model where the fetal gene program is prominently activated. Here, we found that Stim1 is up-regulated (1.9±0.4-fold, p&lt;0.05). Treatment of NRVMs with angiotensin II (100nM) elicited similar increases in Stim1 (2.3±0.2-fold, p&lt;0.01). To probe the molecular basis of cardiac SOC current, we expressed mutant (D76A, constitutively active; ΔERM, dominant negative) forms of human Stim1 in NRVMs. D76A markedly increased SOC Ca influx triggered by thapsigargin (2μM) or cyclopiazonic acid (50μM). In contrast, ΔERM blocked SOC Ca influx. Conclusion: SOC Ca entry exists prominently in neonatal cardiomyocytes but is down-regulated in adult cells. Stim1 participates in SOC current and is up-regulated during hypertrophic transformation of the myocardium. We conclude that SOC Ca currents are part of the fetal gene program in heart and may play a significant role in the sustained Ca overload of heart failure. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA South Central Affiliate (Arkansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma &amp; Texas).
Cushing's syndrome induced by betamethasone nose drops
Authors: S Malozowski, M Purucker, A Worobec
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Intranasal corticosteroids in allergic rhinitis Paper did not include all data on adverse effectsEditor-Weiner et al conclude that "results from [their] systematic review, together with data on safety and cost effectiveness, support the use of intranasal corticosteroids over oral antihistamines as first line treatment for allergic rhinitis." 1 They also state that "intranasal corticosteroids are considered safe [and] studies have failed to show significant effects on serum markers of bone metabolism and short term bone growth," referring to two studies, those by Martinati et al and Wolthers et al.They make no reference to two more recent studies, both of a larger number of subjects over longer periods, which established a significant reduction in paediatric bone growth. 2 3The issue of adverse effects was also addressed in a report by the Committee on Safety of Medicines and Medicines Control Agency, which concluded that intranasal corticosteroids can cause "clinically important systemic adverse effects at licensed doses." 4 The United Kingdom datasheet for Beconase aqueous nasal spray (beclomethasone dipropionate) recognises the potential for children to develop growth retardation at licensed doses and the need to refer patients to paediatric specialists while they are being prescribed intranasal corticosteroids (Allen and Hanburys, Sept 1998).I question the omission of such key data from Weiner et al's systematic review; it may well tip the risk:benefit ratio away from the use of intranasal corticosteroids in children and, hence, affect the validity of the review's conclusions.
Abstract 16790: Positive Inotropic Effects of Acute Intravenous Iloprost in Rats with Chronic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Nabil Zeineh, Timothy N Bachman, Hazim El-Haddad, Hunter C Champion
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a syndrome of increased pulmonary vascular resistance that ultimately leads to right ventricular failure. Supportive management for decompensated RV function in chronic PAH is not very well understood and acute administration of prostacyclins is sometimes considered. While prior studies of inotropic effects of prostacyclins on models of acute pulmonary hypertension have yielded mixed results, evaluation of these effects under conditions of chronic PAH and RV dysfunction have not been reported using invasive hemodynamics. We sought to study the effects of an acute intravenous infusion of iloprost on right ventricular contractility in a rat model of chronic PAH. Methods: Ten Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-350g were treated with monocrotaline 60mg/kg IP. Six weeks later, baseline hemodynamic assessment was done using pressure-volume measurements using conductance catheterization, and these were repeated 10-15 minutes after IV infusion of iloprost (20 µg/kg ). RV contractility was assessed by the End-systolic pressure volume relationship (ESPVR), and Ees/Ea (RV/PA coupling) were obtained by transient decrease in preload (IVC occlusion). All values are reported as mean ± SEM. Paired and unpaired analysis was performed using Student's t-test. Results: Animals had evidence of PAH and RV hypertrophy. RV/LV+septum weight was 0.40 (±0.03). Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was 39.83 (±1.62) mmHg. Administration of iloprost demonstrated a significant increase in the slope of the ESPVR from 0.29 (±0.02) to 0.42 (±0.05) (p&lt;0.05), and ventricular-arterial coupling index Ees/Ea increased from 0.63 (±0.07) to 0.82 (±0.06) (p&lt;0.05). RV contractility index (max dP/dt normalized for instantaneous pressure) increased from 94.11/s to 114.5/s (p&lt;0.05) as did RV ejection fraction from 48.0% to 52.5% (p&lt;0.05). Pulmonary vascular resistance decreased from 0. 50 (±0.05) to 0.33 (±0.05) Wood units (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Our present study suggests a positive inotropic effect of iloprost (as evidenced by RV contractility index and ESPVR on remodeled right ventricles resulting from chronic PAH. The role of prostacyclins in the acute treatment algorithm of PAH merits further study.