tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Choice of Preventive Treatment for Isoniazid-Resistant Tuberculous Infection
Authors: Jeffrey P. Koplan
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Proper care of persons infected with isoniazid-resistant tubercle bacilli is controversial because there are few data on the risks and benefits of the preventive treatment alternatives. Decision analysis was used to facilitate a comparison of outcomes using different strategies and the Delphi technique to obtain estimates of relevant probabilities. For all probabilities of isoniazid resistance, the observation and no-drug alternative is unsatisfactory because it would result in a twofold to sevenfold greater number of tuberculosis cases than any of the drug regimens. With a low probability of isoniazid resistance, isoniazid is the preventive treatment of least cost and proved efficacy. As the probability of isoniazid resistance increases, more cases are prevented by rifampin-containing regimens, but at added cost. These findings can be used to formulate appropriate preventive treatment recommendations. (<i>JAMA</i>1980;244:2736-2740)
Posttransfusion Hepatitis in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Robert W. Novak
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report of Foon et al (1980;244:1806) suggesting that remission duration and survival in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia are favorably influenced by the development of posttransfusion hepatitis suffers from oversimplification and conveys an attitude toward hepatitis in leukemic patients that is potentially misleading. The definition of hepatitis used by the study is the finding of an elevation of SGOT to greater than 50 IU/L on two consecutive occasions. This is inadequate for the definition of post-transfusion hepatitis. No serological or morphological data are present to support their diagnoses. Although the hepatitis is called "posttransfusion," no information concerning components transfused, source of components used, number of transfusions, and relation of time of transfusion and time of onset of SGOT elevation is provided. The patients were receiving potentially hepatotoxic chemotherapy,<sup>1</sup>yet no mention of actual dosage received by patients in each group is supplied. The data presented
Epidemiology of Minimal Breast Cancer
Authors: Louise A. Brinton
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A case-control study conducted within the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project allowed comparison of epidemiologic factors for benign breast diseases (n=1,404), in situ cancer (n=199), small (≤1 cm) invasive cancer (n=210), and larger invasive cancer (n=788). Control subjects consisted of program participants who were not recommended for breast biopsy. Relationships were similar for small and larger invasive tumors, both showing associations with family history of breast cancer, age at first live birth, history of bilateral oophorectomy, and obesity. In situ cancer was affected by family history and age at first childbirth but not by oophorectomy or obesity. These findings support the notion that "minimal" breast cancer is indeed cancer. In addition, the results suggest that hormonal influences early in life may initiate the carcinogenic process, while those that operate later may enhance the progression from in situ to invasive disease. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:483-487)
Recent Advances in Tropical Medicine.
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cannabinoids in pain management
Authors: E. Russo, L. Iversen, D. J Petro, F. Grotenhermen, F. A Campbell, A. Moore, H. J McQuay, D. Carroll, M. R Tramer, D J. M Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Estrogen regulation of inflammatory responses has broad physiological and pathological consequences. However, the molecular mechanism of estrogen regulation of inflammation is still poorly understood. In this study, we report that activation of both STAT-1 and NF-κB signaling is essential for Con A-induced inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and NO in murine splenocytes. Estrogen enhances STAT-1 DNA-binding activity without increasing the expression of phosphorylated and total STAT-1 protein. We have recently reported that estrogen blocks the nuclear expression of NF-κB p65 and modifies nuclear NF-κBp50. Here, we demonstrated that both nuclear STAT-1 and NF-κB are modified by serine protease-mediated proteolysis, which resulted in altered STAT-1 and NF-κB activity/signaling in splenocytes from estrogen-treated mice. Inhibition of serine protease activity with 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF) restores the nuclear expression of full-length STAT-1 and NF-κB proteins, and resulted in decreased STAT-1 DNA-binding activity and formation of NF-κB p65/p50 binding complexes in nuclei of splenocytes from estrogen-treated mice. Consequently, there is significantly decreased iNOS and IFN-γ production in AEBSF-treated splenocytes from estrogen-treated mice, which suggests a positive regulatory role of truncated STAT-1 and/or NF-κB. Interestingly, there is increased production of MCP-1 in STAT-1 or NF-κB small interfering RNA-transfected cells, as well as in AEBSF-treated splenocytes from estrogen-treated mice. These data suggest a differential role of truncated STAT-1 and NF-κB in regulation of various inflammatory molecules in splenocytes from estrogen-treated mice. Together, our data reveal a novel molecular mechanism of estrogen-mediated promotion of inflammatory responses, which involves posttranslational modification of STAT-1 and NF-κB proteins.
Predisposition of [&lt;sup&gt;125&lt;/sup&gt;I]5-lodo-2′-deoxyuridine-Labeled Normal and Neoplastic Mouse Fibroblasts to Lysis by Normal Macrophages&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Robert Evans, Denise M. Eidlen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

During an investigation into the apparent natural cytotoxicity of normal peritoneal macrophages toward the murine MCA/76-9, MCA/76-45, and MCA/76-64 sarcoma cells in vitro, it was found that the peritoneal macrophages from nine different inbred strains of mice, as well as spleen and tumor-associated macrophages, preferentially lysed [125I]5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine {[125I]ldUrd)-labeled target cells. However, unlabeled target cells were actively proliferating under the same conditions. Proliferation of target cells occurred independently of the lytic event, as measured by counting residual tumor cells at intervals or by pulsing cultures with tritiated thymidine ([3H]dThd), both of which parameters were relatively the same in the presence or absence of macrophages. Moreover, macrophage-enhanced lysis of [125I]ldUrd-labeled cells was not confined to tumor cells since adherent labeled nontransformed C57BL/6J 3T3 cells, mouse embryo fibroblasts, and suspended concanavalin A-stimulated Iymphoblasts were also induced to release 125I faster in the presence than in the absence of macrophages. Prelabeled L1210 lymphoma cells were not lysed by normal macrophages. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of resident peritoneal macrophages did not induce a stronger lytic effect than that induced by untreated macrophages, but it did result in macrophage-mediated inhibition of DNA synthesis by tumor cells. LPS-treated thioglycollate-elicited macrophages induced a higher specific 125I release from tumor cells than the release from untreated macrophages. Tumor target cells prelabeled with the less radiotoxic [131I]ldUrd were also more predisposed to the lytic action of normal macrophages, while [3H]dThd-labeled target cells were relatively unaffected by the presence of macrophages. Thus certain types of normal and neoplastic cells may become highly susceptible to macrophages or their products after the target cell DNA had incorporated radioactive IdUrd.
Epidemiology of Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Philip Cole
Journal: JAMA (1972)

There are two major issues in the epidemiology of Hodgkin's disease today. The first concerns the reason for the extreme heterogeneity of persons affected with the disease. There is evidence to support the idea that Hodgkin's disease is, in fact, at least two processes, each with a distinct etiology. However, the possibility remains that the heterogeneity results from variations in host response to a single etiologic factor. The second issue concerns specific etiologies of the disease. There is some evidence that the disease among young adults has a virus etiology. However, there is also evidence contrary to this hypothesis. The disease among the elderly remains a complete enigma.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Genetic Disorders
Authors: Aubrey Milunsky
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Prenatal diagnosis of hereditary disorders is now an established part of routine antenatal care. This report of our experience with 600 cases indicates that advanced maternal age is by far the commonest indication for amniocentesis. Chromosomal or metabolic abnormalities were diagnosed in 15 fetuses. In addition, four fetuses were determined to be male in the sex-linked group. The parents elected termination of the pregnancies in 13 cases. Reassurance was provided to more than 95% of mothers studied. Every physician is urged to offer these prenatal genetic studies when indicated or to seek consultation when in doubt. (<i>JAMA</i>230:232-235, 1974)
Proton Spin-Lattice Relaxation Studies of Nonmalignant Tissues of Tumorous Mice<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref>
Authors: H. E. Frey, R. R. Knispel, J. Kruuv, A. R. Sharp, R. T. Thompson, M. M. Pintar
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Measurements of the water proton spin-lattice relaxation times in the laboratory frame, T1, showed that many nonmalignant tissues (spleen, kidney, liver, and heart) in mice with a tumor on the hindleg had significantly longer relaxation times than the corresponding tissues in healthy mice. T1 measurements were reported for stomach, intestine, skin, brain, muscle, and lung tissues. Values for animals with a recent (2 days) injection of tumor cells, or with Salmonella infections, were not significantly different from values for the healthy controls in any tissues tested. T1 was significantly longer in samples from tumors themselves than from any other tissue. Preliminary values of the relaxation times in the rotating frame, T1ρ, were reported for all tissues.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

The goal of tumor immunotherapy is to elicit polyclonal responses to prevent tumor escape. Chiang and colleagues developed a novel whole tumor lysate preparation with hypochlorous acid (HOCl) oxidation to induce necrosis and increase the immunogenicity of tumors. In a pilot study of five subjects with recurrent ovarian cancers, DCs pulsed with HOCl-oxidized autologous whole tumor lysate (OCDC) and elicited strong IFN-γ secreting T cells against numerous antigens, and reduced T regulatory cells and serum IL-10. Two subjects experienced durable progression-free survival intervals of 36 and 43 months. OCDC vaccine is potentially applicable to different cancers given its promising immune effects.Multiple myeloma (MM) is an haematological neoplasm difficult to diagnose in its early stages and currently incurable. Puchades-Carrasco and colleagues conducted a study focused on the characterization of the metabolic profile of MM patients at the time of diagnosis and after complete remission to assess the potential of metabolomics to provide information that could be useful in the clinical management of MM. This approach showed very promising results for understanding the molecular mechanisms of MM and for elucidating the pathways involved in the response to chemotherapy, information that could have a relevant impact in treatment design and monitoring.Sarcomas are often treated with radiotherapy. Sharma and colleagues compared 38 paired human sarcoma samples before and after radiotherapy and show that the expression of several immune effector molecules, MHC class I and CT-antigens—all of which may contribute to better immune recognition of cancer cells—is higher after radiotherapy. Furthermore, radiotherapy promotes an intratumoral immune effector signature with concomitant downregulation of genes associated with immunosuppression in patients who survived for three years or more. These findings provide a scientific basis for combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy as a novel approach for the clinical management of cancer.IL-18 induces IFN-γ production and Th1-responses and is studied in clinical trials of immunotherapy. IL-18Binding protein is a natural antagonist of IL-18 and limits IL-18 activity. Carbotti and colleagues show that IL-18BP is increased in the sera and ascites of ovarian cancer patients. IL-18BP is produced by tumor cells and tumor-associated leukocytes with myeloid features. Expression of IL-18BP in ovarian cancer cells in vitro is induced by IFN-γ and IL-27, which may play a role in the tumor environment. The high levels of IL-18BP may limit the induction of an efficient immune response by either endogenous or therapeutic IL-18 in ovarian cancer.
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 19, 7 October 1992, Pages 1476–1478, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.19.1476-a Published: 07 October 1992
Massive Extraperitoneal Air in a 71-Year-Old Woman
Authors: H. Charles Walker
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>History</h3> A 71-year-old woman was referred to the radiology department for a study to be described later. During the study a large amount of gas was noted in the retroperitoneum, under the diaphragm, in the mediastinum, and in the subcutaneous tissues of the neck in chest x-ray films in the posteroanterior and lateral positions (Fig 1, left and right). Gas outlined most of the liver, the entire spleen, the psoas muscles, the right kidney, and the adrenal gland and extended laterally to the flank stripe. Mediastinal and cervical air outlined the descending thoracic aorta and border of the right side of the heart. In the lateral view the air was noted in the posterior pararenal space extending anteriorly over the liver extraperitoneally and outlining the anterior attachment of the diaphragm to the xyphoid (Fig 1, right, arrow). On the second day after the study, subcutaneous emphysema involved the face, base
Aspiration of Metallic Mercury A 22-Year Follow-up
Authors: Victor J. Dzau
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Rupture of the mercury-filled bag of an intestinal tube resulted in aspiration of metallic mercury 22 years ago in the patient reported. Immediate respiratory distress was treated with vigorous suctioning and postural drainage. Follow-up chest roentgenograms persistently showed radiopaque particles in the lungs. Signs and symptoms of chronic respiratory disease have since developed in the patient. Postmortem findings from the lungs included globules of metallic mercury surrounded by extensive fibrosis and granuloma formation, which we believe to be the result of local irritative effects of mercury. (<i>JAMA</i>238:1531-1532, 1977)
Safety of Treatment (Tx) with Pomalidomide (POM) and Low-Dose Dexamethasone (LoDEX) in Patients (Pts) with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM) and Renal Impairment (RI), Including Those on Dialysis
Authors: Karthik Ramasamy, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Niels W.C.J. van de Donk, Barbara Gamberi, Frank Bridoux, Matthew Streetly, Elisabeth Kueenburg, Barbara Rosettani, Shona Collins, Frederik Lersch, Pamela Bacon, Katja C. Weisel, Pieter Sonneveld
Journal: Blood (2015)
The Principal Nervous Pathways: Neurological Charts and Schemas with Explanatory Notes
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Contribution to the Knowledge of Lymphogranuloma Inguinale.
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Detection of Diabetes
Authors: Irving L. Spratt
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> During the past decade, epidemiologists dealing with diabetes have accumulated information that indicates that 70% of the new cases of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the young occur from November through March. Most cases occur in persons who are between 5 and 14 years of age (Howard Fishbein, PhD, and Richard Hamman, MD, PhD, oral communications, 1982). Many are initially seen as cases of the flu or viral gastroenteritis. The family or the patient may not mention increased thirst or urination because of the overwhelming nature of the gastrointestinal tract symptoms and the dehydration. Many patients have no family history of diabetes and, thus, are not familiar with the symptoms or dismiss diabetes as not being likely to occur in their family. As a result, there is an increased risk that diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) may be misdiagnosed as "flu" or "gastroenteritis" during late fall to early spring.
Carbohydrate diet satisfies stomach, scale
Authors: Catherine Macek
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Persons on reducing diets often shun foods such as potatoes, rice, and breads because they consider them fattening. But several recent studies at the University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, have demonstrated that diets emphasizing complex carbohydrates can result in weight loss and provide adequate nutrition as well. Roland Weinsier, MD, DrPH, director of clinical nutritional sciences, coined the term "time-calorie displacement" to describe his and co-workers' approach. "The concept is that a large intake of complex carbohydrates, such as unrefined starches, fruits, and vegetables—foods that are high in bulk and low in energy density—well result in a longer eating time (since the person chews longer), will bring about satiety, and will result in a lower caloric intake," Weinsier told<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS. At the recent meeting of the American Association for the Study of Obesity in Poughkeepsie, NY, Weinsier presented the results of two studies assessing the validity
Carcinoma of the Esophagus
Authors: Edward F. Parker
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Between 1940 and 1967, we treated 609 patients with primary carcinoma of the esophagus by three different methods. In the first group of 170 patients, surgical resection predominated. In the next 166 patients, radiation therapy was used as the primary method. In a third group (135 patients) and a fourth group (138 patients), radiation therapy was followed by resection in the operable cases. After comparing the results of the three methods, we believe that radiation therapy followed by resection produces the best results. Moreover, this approach Is Justified by the discovery of residual carcinoma In most surgical specimens from patients who have had radiation therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>235:1018-1020, 1976)
Learning to Say “No”
Authors: Lester Carl Thurow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Public and private expenditures on health care rose from 5 to 11 per cent of the gross national product between 1960 and 1983. Although there is no magic formula for determining a precise limit on what a country can afford to spend for health care, there is a limit. Every dollar spent on health care is a dollar that cannot be spent on something else. No set of expenditures can rise faster than the gross national product forever. At some point, health-care expenditures must slow down to the rate of growth of the gross national product.The United States is . . .
Contact Dermatitis From Spandex Brassieres
Authors: Herbert L. Joseph
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Nine patients had allergic contact dermatitis to elastic materials in brassieres and one had the same reaction to a girdle. Three had classical rubber dermatitis, but the remainder were sensitive to spandex, a stretchable, synthetic fabric. Some of these patients also were contact sensitive to mercaptobenzothiazole (MBZ). Their spandex sensitivity presumably relates in most instances to the MBZ trace contamination of spandex in certain but not all brands. The patients could wear spandex brands that appeared to be uncontaminated with MBZ.