tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Risk Factor Disparities in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer Compared With the General Population
Authors: David H. Noyd, Qi Liu, Yutaka Yasui, Eric J. Chow, Smita Bhatia, Paul C. Nathan, Andrew P. Landstrom, Emily Tonorezos, Jacqueline Casillas, Amy Berkman, Kirsten K. Ness, Daniel A. Mulrooney, Wendy M. Leisenring, Carrie R. Howell, Jamie Shoag, Anne Kirchhoff, Rebecca M. Howell, Todd M. Gibson, Leah L. Zullig, Gregory T. Armstrong, Kevin C. Oeffinger
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2023)

It is unknown whether a history of childhood cancer modifies the established disparities in cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) observed in the general population.We sought to determine if disparities in CVRFs by race/ethnicity are similar among childhood cancer survivors compared with the general population.The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) is a retrospective cohort with a longitudinal follow-up of 24,084 5-year survivors diagnosed between 1970 and 1999. Multivariable piecewise exponential regression estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and ≥2 CVRFs by race/ethnicity. The CCSS sibling cohort and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cohort were used to compare the sociodemographic-adjusted IRRs for same-race/same-ethnicity disparities.Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) (n = 1,092) and Hispanic (n = 1,405) survivors compared with non-Hispanic White (NHW) (n = 13,960) survivors reported a higher cumulative incidence of diabetes (8.4%, 9.7%, and 5.1%, respectively); obesity (47.2%, 48.9%, and 30.2%, respectively); multiple CVRFs (17.7%, 16.6%, and 12.3%, respectively); and, for NHB survivors, hypertension (19.5%, 13.6%, and 14.3%, respectively) by 40 years of age (P < 0.001). Controlling for sociodemographic and treatment factors compared with NHW survivors, IRRs for NHB were increased for hypertension (IRR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.8), obesity (IRR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.4-2.1), and multiple CVRFs (IRR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2-2.1). IRRs for Hispanic survivors were increased for diabetes (IRR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2-2.6) and obesity (IRR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2-1.7). The pattern of IRRs for CVRF differences was similar among CCSS sibling and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cohorts.The higher burden of CVRFs among NHB and Hispanic survivors compared with NHW survivors was similar to the general population. The promotion of cardiovascular health equity is critical in this high-risk population.
5613417 CO-TREATMENT OF ERYTHROID CELLS ISOLATED FROM Β039-THALASSEMIA PATIENTS WITH CRISPR-CAS9 GENE EDITING AND FETAL HEMOGLOBIN INDUCTION
Authors: M.L.P. Lipucci di Paola, L.C.C. Lucia Carmela Cosenza, C.Z. Cristina Zuccato, M.Z. Matteo Zurlo, R.G. Roberto Gambari, A.F. Alessia Finotti
Journal: HemaSphere (2023)

Background: Gene editing (GE) can be considered among the most promising strategies to correct hereditary mutations in a variety of monogenetic diseases, including β-thalassemia. We have elsewhere reported that CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing can be proposed for efficient correction of the β039-thalassemia mutation. GE is suitable for personalized approaches in precision medicine for β-thalassemia [1]. Aims: On the other hand, robust evidence demonstrate that increased production of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) can be beneficial for β-thalassemia patients. This can be obtained also using CRISPR-Cas9 based protocols. In this case, the objective of the gene editing strategy is (a) the silencing of transcriptional repressors of the γ-globin genes (such as BCL11A), (b) the disruption of their regulatory binding sites within the γ-globin genes, or (c) the induction of natural hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin mutations in the γ-globin gene or the b-like-globin gene cluster. Our study aimed to verify whether the de novo production of adult hemoglobin (HbA) using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing can be combined with HbF induction protocols based on the use of repositioned drugs. Results: Gene Editing of the β039-thalassemia mutation was obtained by the CRISPR-Cas9 method; gene correction and transcription of the corrected gene have been analyzed by allele-specific droplet digital PCR and RT-qPCR, respectively; production of HbA and HbF was studied by HPLC and Western blotting. For HbF induction, the repurposed drug sirolimus (rapamycin) was used. The data obtained conclusively demonstrate that maximal production of HbA and HbF is obtained in GE-corrected, sirolimus-induced erythroid progenitors from β039-thalassemia patients. In conclusion, GE and HbF in-duction might be used in combination in order to achieve the de novo production of HbA together with increased production of induced HbF. Acknowledgements This study was sustained by the Wellcome Trust (innovator award 208872/Z/17/Z) and by AIFA (AIFA-2016-02364887). The research leading to these results has received funding also from the UE THALAMOSS Project (Thalassemia Modular Stratification System for Personalized Therapy of Βeta-Thalassemia; no. 306201-FP7-HEALTH-2012-INNOVATION-1). We thanks A.L.T. (Associazione per la lotta alla Talassemia) “Rino Vullo” - Ferrara, and A.V.L.T. (Associazione Veneta per la Lotta alla Talassemia) “Elio Zago” - APS – Rovigo and Association “Tutti per Chiara”, Montagnana, PD, Italy. Reference 1. Cosenza L.C., Gasparello J., Romanini N., Zurlo M., Zuccato C., Gambari R., Finotti A. Efficient CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing of β-globin gene on erythroid cells from homozygous β039-thalassemia patients. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021;21:507−523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtm.2021.03.025
Autonomous optimization of neuroprosthetic stimulation parameters that drive the motor cortex and spinal cord outputs in rats and monkeys
Authors: Marco Bonizzato, Rose Guay Hottin, Sandrine L. Côté, Elena Massai, Léo Choinière, Uzay Macar, Samuel Laferrière, Parikshat Sirpal, Stephan Quessy, Guillaume Lajoie, Marina Martinez, Numa Dancause
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2023)

Neural stimulation can alleviate paralysis and sensory deficits. Novel high-density neural interfaces can enable refined and multipronged neurostimulation interventions. To achieve this, it is essential to develop algorithmic frameworks capable of handling optimization in large parameter spaces. Here, we leveraged an algorithmic class, Gaussian-process (GP)-based Bayesian optimization (BO), to solve this problem. We show that GP-BO efficiently explores the neurostimulation space, outperforming other search strategies after testing only a fraction of the possible combinations. Through a series of real-time multi-dimensional neurostimulation experiments, we demonstrate optimization across diverse biological targets (brain, spinal cord), animal models (rats, non-human primates), in healthy subjects, and in neuroprosthetic intervention after injury, for both immediate and continual learning over multiple sessions. GP-BO can embed and improve "prior" expert/clinical knowledge to dramatically enhance its performance. These results advocate for broader establishment of learning agents as structural elements of neuroprosthetic design, enabling personalization and maximization of therapeutic effectiveness.
Development of an artificial intelligence-derived histologic signature associated with adjuvant gemcitabine treatment outcomes in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Vivek Nimgaonkar, Viswesh Krishna, Vrishab Krishna, Ekin Tiu, Anirudh Joshi, Damir Vrabac, Hriday Bhambhvani, Katelyn Smith, Julia S. Johansen, Shalini Makawita, Benjamin Musher, Arnav Mehta, Andrew Hendifar, Zev Wainberg, Davendra Sohal, Christos Fountzilas, Aatur Singhi, Pranav Rajpurkar, Eric A. Collisson
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2023)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been left behind in the evolution of personalized medicine. Predictive markers of response to therapy are lacking in PDAC despite various histological and transcriptional classification schemes. We report an artificial intelligence (AI) approach to histologic feature examination that extracts a signature predictive of disease-specific survival (DSS) in patients with PDAC receiving adjuvant gemcitabine. We demonstrate that this AI-generated histologic signature is associated with outcomes following adjuvant gemcitabine, while three previously developed transcriptomic classification systems are not (n = 47). We externally validate this signature in an independent cohort of patients treated with adjuvant gemcitabine (n = 46). Finally, we demonstrate that the signature does not stratify survival outcomes in a third cohort of untreated patients (n = 161), suggesting that the signature is specifically predictive of treatment-related outcomes but is not generally prognostic. This imaging analysis pipeline has promise in the development of actionable markers in other clinical settings where few biomarkers currently exist.
Red blood cell membrane-functionalized Nanofibrous tubes for small-diameter vascular grafts
Authors: Chunliang Zhang, Ruitao Cha, Chunyuan Wang, Xingming Chen, Zulan Li, Qian Xie, Liujun Jia, Yang Sun, Zhan Hu, Lin Zhang, Fengshan Zhou, Yan Zhang, Xingyu Jiang
Journal: Biomaterials (2023)
Colorectal self-expanding metal stent insertion using a small-caliber tapered transparent hood and electrolyte-free gel
Authors: Tatsuma Nomura, Shinya Sugimoto, Taishi Temma, Jun Oyamada, Keiichi Ito, Akira Kamei
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Colorectal self-expanding metal stent insertion is a useful procedure to treat acute colorectal obstruction caused by advanced colorectal cancer; however, guidewire perforation has been reported to occur as a result of inadequate endoscopic visibility [1] [2]. It is therefore important to maintain endoscopic visibility of the stricture to allow safe insertion of the colorectal stent. A method to maintain endoscopic visibility using an electrolyte-free gel (Viscoclear; Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory) has recently been reported [3] [4]; however, it is difficult to maintain proper endoscopic visibility when the endoscopic hood has a large volume, as in the case of a conventional transparent hood. We previously reported a technique to obtain an appropriate field of view under saline immersion conditions using a calibrated, small-caliber tip, transparent hood (CAST hood; TOP, Tokyo, Japan) that has a tapered tip ([Fig. 1]) [5]. Herein, we report the use of a novel technique for colorectal stent insertion using this small-caliber tapered transparent hood and electrolyte-free gel ([Video 1]).
Analysis of Anxiety or Depression and Long-term Mortality Among Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Juncheol Lee, Yongil Cho, Jaehoon Oh, Hyunggoo Kang, Tae Ho Lim, Byuk Sung Ko, Kyung Hun Yoo, Sang Hwan Lee
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

The recent American Heart Association guidelines added a sixth link in the chain of survival highlighting recovery and emphasized the importance of psychiatric outcome and recovery for survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among this population was higher than that in the general population.To examine the prevalence of depression or anxiety and the association of these conditions with long-term mortality among individuals who survive OHCA.A longitudinal population-based cohort study was conducted to analyze long-term prognosis in patients hospitalized for OHCA between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2015, who survived for 1 year or longer. Patients with cardiac arrest due to traumatic or nonmedical causes, such as injuries, poisoning, asphyxiation, burns, or anaphylaxis, were excluded. Data were extracted on depression or anxiety diagnoses in this population within 1 year from the database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service and analyzed April 7, 2022, and reanalyzed January 19 to 20, 2023.Follow-up data were obtained for up to 14 years, and the primary outcome was long-term cumulative mortality. Long-term mortality among patients with and without a diagnosis of depression or anxiety were evaluated.The analysis included 2373 patients; 1860 (78.4%) were male, and the median age was 53.0 (IQR, 44.0-62.0) years . A total of 397 (16.7%) patients were diagnosed with depression or anxiety, 251 (10.6%) were diagnosed with depression, and 227 (9.6%) were diagnosed with anxiety. The incidence of long-term mortality was significantly higher in the group diagnosed with depression or anxiety than in the group without depression or anxiety (141 of 397 [35.5%] vs 534 of 1976 [27.0%]; P = .001). With multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, the adjusted hazard ratio of long-term mortality for total patients with depression or anxiety was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.17-1.70); depression, 1.44 (95% CI, 1.16-1.79); and anxiety, 1.20 (95% CI, 0.94-1.53).In this study, among the patients who experienced OHCA, those diagnosed with depression or anxiety had higher long-term mortality rates than those without depression or anxiety. These findings suggest that psychological and neurologic rehabilitation intervention for survivors of OHCA may be needed to improve long-term survival.
Bariatric Surgery for Breast Cancer Risk Reduction—Benefit May Not Be One Size Fits All
Authors: Melissa L. Pilewskie, Justin B. Dimick
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Infertility Affects 1 in 6 People Globally
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Urine Tests May Miss More Than 400 000 STIs in the US Every Year Using vaginal swabs to test for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) picked up significantly more cases of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae than using urine tests, according to a metaanalysis of 28 studies conducted from 1995 through 2021.Vaginal swabs were also more sensitive for Trichomonas vaginalis, although the difference between test types was not significant.Despite guidelines released in 2014 by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in favor of vaginal swabs, most samples analyzed by public health laboratories continue to be urine.The researchers estimated that depending on urine rather than vaginal swab testing could result in more than 400 000 missed STI cases each year."[V]aginal sampling should be the initial choice offered to patients," the researchers wrote in the Annals of Family Medicine, with urine samples only collected from those for whom a vaginal sample is unacceptable.Implementation research is needed to change physicians' go-to tests, they noted.
Medicaid Chronically Underpays Psychiatrists in Some States
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Urine Tests May Miss More Than 400 000 STIs in the US Every Year Using vaginal swabs to test for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) picked up significantly more cases of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae than using urine tests, according to a metaanalysis of 28 studies conducted from 1995 through 2021.Vaginal swabs were also more sensitive for Trichomonas vaginalis, although the difference between test types was not significant.Despite guidelines released in 2014 by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in favor of vaginal swabs, most samples analyzed by public health laboratories continue to be urine.The researchers estimated that depending on urine rather than vaginal swab testing could result in more than 400 000 missed STI cases each year."[V]aginal sampling should be the initial choice offered to patients," the researchers wrote in the Annals of Family Medicine, with urine samples only collected from those for whom a vaginal sample is unacceptable.Implementation research is needed to change physicians' go-to tests, they noted.
Residual Risk of Breast Cancer After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Aristithes G. Doumouras, Olivia Lovrics, J. Michael Paterson, Rinku Sutradhar, Lawrence Paszat, Branavan Sivapathasundaram, Jean-Eric Tarride, Mehran Anvari
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Excess adiposity confers higher risk of breast cancer for women. For women who have lost substantial weight, it is unclear whether previous obesity confers residual increased baseline risk of breast cancer compared with peers without obesity.
COVID-19 and Mental Health in Young People—Causality or Co-occurrence?
Authors: Troels Boldt Rømer, Rune Haubo Christensen, Michael Eriksen Benros
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2023)

Genetic research has often failed to address heterogeneity on a population level, with lack of sustained efforts by researchers and funding agencies to ensure diverse representation among cohorts in genetics studies and in biobanks.We encourage submissions to JAMA Psychiatry that have engaged heterogeneous, representative cohorts in genetics research.This will not only improve generalizability of findings but also provide greater understanding of mechanisms of disease among the diverse communities that psychiatrists engage and treat, thus improving health outcomes on the population level.
Errors in Abstract
Authors: Anum Minhas, Justin Echouffo-Tcheugui, Sui Zhang, Chiadi Ndumele, J Mcevoy, Robert Christenson, Elizabeth Selvin, Echouffo-Tcheugui Minhas, Selvin Christenson, Christenson Zhang, Echouffo-Tcheugui Zhang, Selvin Zhang
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Carlo Mannina, MD; Kazato Ito, MD; Zhezhen Jin, PhD; Yuriko Yoshida, MD; Kenji Matsumoto, MD; Sofia Shames, MD; Cesare Russo, MD; Mitchell S. V. Elkind, MS, MD; Tatjana Rundek, MS, MD, PhD; Mitsuhiro Yoshita, MD; Charles DeCarli, MD; Clinton B. Wright, MD; Shunichi Homma, MD; Ralph L. Sacco, MS, MD; Marco R. Di Tullio, MD
Concerns Over Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine-Needle Biopsy in Thyroid Nodule Diagnosis—Reply
Authors: Vivian Hsiao, Sara Fernandes-Taylor, David O. Francis
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Improving Postoperative Care With Digital Health—Perception Is Reality
Authors: Heather L. Evans
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Estimated Clinical Outcomes and Cost-effectiveness Associated With Provision of Addiction Treatment in US Primary Care Clinics
Authors: Raagini Jawa, Yjuliana Tin, Samantha Nall, Susan L. Calcaterra, Alexandra Savinkina, Laura R. Marks, Simeon D. Kimmel, Benjamin P. Linas, Joshua A. Barocas
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance US primary care practitioners (PCPs) are the largest clinical workforce, but few provide addiction care. Primary care is a practical place to expand addiction services, including buprenorphine and harm reduction kits, yet the clinical outcomes and health care sector costs are unknown. Objective To estimate the long-term clinical outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness of integrated buprenorphine and harm reduction kits in primary care for people who inject opioids. Design, Setting, and Participants In this modeling study, the Reducing Infections Related to Drug Use Cost-Effectiveness (REDUCE) microsimulation model, which tracks serious injection-related infections, overdose, hospitalization, and death, was used to examine the following treatment strategies: (1) PCP services with external referral to addiction care (status quo), (2) PCP services plus onsite buprenorphine prescribing with referral to offsite harm reduction kits (BUP), and (3) PCP services plus onsite buprenorphine prescribing and harm reduction kits (BUP plus HR). Model inputs were derived from clinical trials and observational cohorts, and costs were discounted annually at 3%. The cost-effectiveness was evaluated over a lifetime from the modified health care sector perspective, and sensitivity analyses were performed to address uncertainty. Model simulation began January 1, 2021, and ran for the entire lifetime of the cohort. Main Outcomes and Measures Life-years (LYs), hospitalizations, mortality from sequelae (overdose, severe skin and soft tissue infections, and endocarditis), costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Results The simulated cohort included 2.25 million people and reflected the age and gender of US persons who inject opioids. Status quo resulted in 6.56 discounted LYs at a discounted cost of $203 500 per person (95% credible interval, $203 000-$222 000). Each strategy extended discounted life expectancy: BUP by 0.16 years and BUP plus HR by 0.17 years. Compared with status quo, BUP plus HR reduced sequelae-related mortality by 33%. The mean discounted lifetime cost per person of BUP and BUP plus HR were more than that of the status quo strategy. The dominating strategy was BUP plus HR. Compared with status quo, BUP plus HR was cost-effective (ICER, $34 400 per LY). During a 5-year time horizon, BUP plus HR cost an individual PCP practice approximately $13 000. Conclusions and Relevance This modeling study of integrated addiction service in primary care found improved clinical outcomes and modestly increased costs. The integration of addiction service into primary care practices should be a health care system priority.