tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Radiation Therapy, Immune Therapy, and Breast CancerNearly two thirds of cancer patients receive radiotherapy at some stage of their treatment.Concomitant or sequential immunotherapy may boost recognition of tumor antigens and any antitumor innate and adaptive immune responses that occur after radiotherapy-induced tissue damage.However, preclinical experiments with such combinations have had mixed success to date, possibly due to tumor-induced immune suppression and immune tolerance.Verbrugge and colleagues describe an approach in which radiotherapy increases the ability of immunomodulatory therapeutic antibodies to reject established triple-negative mouse mammary cancers.To achieve this result, the authors combined monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that target multiple immune-stimulatory/inhibitory pathways (anti-CD137, anti-CD40, and anti-PD-1) with single-and low-dose fractionated radiotherapy.All mice bearing established orthotopic AT-3 mammary tumors were cured when anti-CD137 and anti-PD-1 mAbs were combined with radiotherapy.CD8 þ T cells were essential for these curative responses.CD137 expression on tumor-associated CD8 þ T cells was largely restricted to a subset that highly expressed the immune-inhibitory PD-1.In addition, the authors found that radiotherapy did not deplete, but rather enriched tumors of these effector cells.This study shows the efficacy and safety of combining radiotherapy with immunostimulatory and checkpoint-inhibitory mAbs.In terms of triple-negative breast cancer, these results are especially encouraging, as these malignancies do not respond to endocrine treatment and other currently available targeted agents.However, this approach could also work in other cancers that are treated with radiotherapy.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)

With the recent FDA-approval of pembrolizumab for mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient cancers, interest has emerged in identifying rapid and inexpensive methods to screen for MMR deficiency, especially in tumor types where this is uncommon. Guedes and colleagues employed an immunohistochemical assay to screen 1176 primary prostate cancers for loss of MSH2, the most commonly inactivated MMR protein in prostate cancer. While the prevalence of MSH2 deficiency was rare in the entire cohort (1%), MSH2 loss was enriched in patients with primary Gleason pattern 5 cancers (8%) and small-cell prostate cancers (5%). If validated, screening for MSH2 inactivation in high-risk patients could facilitate selection of patients for pembrolizumab.Most patients with recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) are treated with bevacizumab, an anti-angiogenic IgG monoclonal antibody. Bevacizumab prolongs survival but approximately 20% of patients show no anti-tumor response. Its ability to mitigate edema has further promoted its widespread use. In this study, Müller-Greven and colleagues demonstrate that anti-VEGF-A IgG is internalized by Sox2+/CD44+ glioblastoma stem-like tumor cells residing in the perivascular niche in patient-derived tumor and syngeneic models of GBM. Survival of CD133+ cancer stem-like cells is promoted by macropinocytosis of bevacizumab and its trafficking to the lysosome and by autophagy induced by bevacizumab depletion of VEGF-A within the microenvironment.Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, with nearly 70% relapse within 24 months. Raghavan and colleagues have developed a patient-derived 3D hanging drop spheroid platform to screen chemotherapeutics and biologics and to improve clinical outcomes by rapidly identifying optimal personalized treatment routes. The authors show that spheroids formed with ovarian cancer stem cells from different patients exhibited distinct responses to chemotherapeutics, which corresponded with responses observed in primary tumor xenografts. Drug resistance was related to levels of stem cell markers CD133 and ALDH. This platform can be used to further study cancer stem cell biology and tumor re-emergence, leading to improved clinical outcomes.The ability to distinguish primary prostate cancer (PCa) with metastatic potential has not been achieved. Labbé and colleagues interrogated the impact of concurrent TOP2A and EZH2 expression in multiple PCa patient cohorts. Concurrent expression of both marks identified patients more susceptible to progress to metastatic disease and PCa-specific death. Importantly, TOP2A and EZH2 in PCa cells act as key driving oncogenes, highlighted by sensitivity to combination-targeted therapy. This work provides substantial evidence for the utility of TOP2A and EZH2 as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets to identify and intercept aggressive PCa progressing to metastatic disease.
Tonsil Surgery Based on a Study of the Anatomy.
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Detection of Aflatoxins and Related Metabolites by Radioimmunoassay&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Rabbit (outbred albino New Zealand White) antisera have been raised against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) using as immunogen conjugates in which the hapten was coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) either through C1 or C8 with the oxime and the dichloride derivatives of AFB1 as intermediates. Radioimmunoassay (RIA), with [3H]AFB1 as tracer, showed that the antiserum prepared with the conjugate in which BSA was coupled to the AFB1 oxime derivative was highly specific to AFB1, whereas the antiserum raised against the conjugate in which BSA was coupled to AFB1 through the AFB1Cl2 derivative (C-antiserum) cross-reacted to a large extent with other aflatoxins, including aflatoxin M1 an important urinary metabolite of AFB1 in several species including humans. AFB1-related metabolites in the urine of inbred BD IV adult male rats given AFB1 orally at doses from 600 pmol to 385 nmol can easily be followed over 9 days by RIA in which the “cross-reactive” C-antiserum is used. This suggests that similar methodologies could be used for the monitoring of human exposure to AFB1.
The Rise of Scientific Philosophy
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Handbook of Ophthalmology.
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Second Breast Cancer Risk for Primary Breast Cancer Patients With an Assessment of the Effect of Radiation Therapy&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Benjamin F. Hankey, Sc.D., Rochelle E. Curtis, M.S., M. Darlene Naughton, B.S., John D. Boice, Jr., Sc.D., John T. Flannery, B.A.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Second breast cancer experience was examined for 27,175 primary breast cancer patients diagnosed in the State of Connecticut during 1935–1975 with follow-up for second breast cancers through 1980. The overall ratio of observed to expected second breast cancers was 3.2. Relative risk was found to be inversely related to age at diagnosis and directly related to stage of the first breast cancer. The overall risk of second breast cancers was 711 per 100,000 person-years at risk. Risk of second breast cancers showed a similar relationship to age and stage as relative risk and was also directly related to calendar period of diagnosis of the first breast cancer. Some interactions were observed because patients less than 45 years old at diagnosis with positive nodes had elevated risks and relative risks in the early followup period, whereas less of an effect of stage on relative risk and risk was seen for older patients. The effect of the use of adjunctive radiation therapy on second breast cancer risk was also assessed by the ratio of the risk of second breast cancers for those patients who received both surgery and radiation to the risk of those patients who only received surgery being estimated for patients diagnosed during 1935–1959 and for patients diagnosed during 1960–1975. For both cohorts relative risks of 1.2–1.4 were found for the 5-year period immediately following diagnosis, likely resulting from the uncontrolled effect of stage in the analysis. Elevated long-term relative risks were not found for patients diagnosed during 1935–1959. A long-term marginally statistically significant relative risk of 1.4 (≥10 yr after diagnosis) was found for patients diagnosed during 1960–1975. The data do not indicate an overall pattern of relative risks consistent with an effect on long-term second breast cancer risk of radiation exposure to the opposite breast incurred during adjunctive radiation therapy for a first breast cancer.
FELIX PLATTER (1536-1614) BASLE PHYSICIAN
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
“Normal” Insulin Secretion: The Goal of Artificial Insulin Delivery Systems?
Authors: R Philip Eaton, Richard C Allen, David S Schade, James C Standefer
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Prehepatic insulin production can be determined from analysis of connecting-peptide behavior in the plasma. In the present study, we have determined prehepatic insulin production in six normal men throughout a day that included three typical 750-cal meals. Total insulin secretion for the 24 h was 45.4 ∪, secreted as 10.6 ∪ with breakfast, 13.4 ∪ with lunch, and 13.8 ∪ with dinner. The remaining 7.6 ∪ was secreted during the 9 h night at a rate of 0.85 ∪/h. At least 50% of the newly secreted insulin is known to be extracted by the liver during the initial transhepatic passage, so that total peripheral delivery can be estimated as approximately 22 ∪/day. Consequently, portal vein insulin levels are in excess of those seen in peripheral blood by at least 20 ± 8 μ∪/ml in the fasted state, and by as much as 115 ± 15 μ∪/ml in the 2-h postabsorptive state. The data suggest that insulinization of the liver, without peripheral hyperinsulinemia, may be a goal of artificial insulin delivery.
Antigens of Murine Mammary Tumor Virus: Applications to Human Breast Cancer&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Louis R. Sibal, Daniel J. Rubin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Considerable evidence now exists that viruses resembling the murine mammary tumor virus may cause breast cancers in man and other animal species. This model system may provide the necessary immunodiagnostic reagents to investigate the viral etiology of human breast cancer. Since several antigens have been detected in mammary tumor virus/they should be purified and characterized to determine their applicability in detection of virus or virus expression in human breast cancer or to define individuals at high risk to breast cancer. These reagents may also help to elucidate the role of cellular and humoral immunity in patients with breast cancer and provide information for developing rational approaches to immunological control of breast cancer. The current status of these studies is reviewed and comments are included on the future course of research in this area.
Neoplastic Diseases. A Treatise on Tumors.
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Clinical Aspects of Visceral Neurology, with Special Reference to the Surgery of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lessons From the Influenza Vaccine Recall of 1996-1997
Authors: Gregory A. Poland
Journal: JAMA (1997)

INFLUENZA IS a major killer of persons aged 65 years and older, particularly those who are frail or debilitated with chronic cardiac and/or pulmonary conditions, and results in 10 000 to 40 000 deaths each year in the United States. The economic cost is considerable, with Medicare reimbursing hospitals $1 billion for excess hospitalizations during the 1989 flu season<sup>1</sup>and an overall societal cost in excess of $10 billion.<sup>2</sup>To prevent illness and death, there has been a sustained and ongoing campaign to enhance the annual delivery of influenza vaccine to persons aged 65 years and older. For this reason, public concerns regarding "recalled" vaccine may negatively affect the success of these campaigns. Three times during November 1996, Parke-Davis voluntarily recalled 11 lots of influenza vaccine (Fluogen, lots 00176P, 00276P, 00576P, 00586P, 00676P, 00686P, 00786P, 00886P, 00966P, 00986P, and 01066P). Based on information available, neither the Centers for
Stedman's Practical Medical Dictionary
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Cure of Plague— Two Viewpoints
Authors: William P. Reed
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A case of human bubonic plague occurred in a Pueblo Indian. Nearly all such cases in the Southwestern United States are sylvatic in origin, but no infected rodents were found in the vicinity of this case. Initial improvement occurred before appropriate antibiotics were started. After streptomycin sulfate and tetracycline were administered, subsequent recovery was rapid and uneventful. The tribal interpretation of the cause and cure of the illness was in sharp contrast to the medical interpretation and was mystical involving witchcraft.
Contempo 1997: Family Medicine
Authors: Stuart M. Solan
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The Contempo article on family medicine<sup>1</sup>makes a statement that is a bit of a stretch. The authors list vitamin E along with estrogen for women and antiplatelet agents as "powerfully protective and underused in primary prevention." In a recent study by Rapola et al<sup>2</sup>evaluating the effect of alpha tocopherol and beta carotene supplements on the incidence of cardiovascular events in men with previous myocardial infarction, the authors note, "The results from clinical trials of antioxidant supplementation in people with known coronary heart disease are inconclusive." They also state, "In conclusion, both alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene increased the risk of fatal coronary heart disease. Based on these findings, we recommend that patients with a previous myocardial infarction who smoke should not use these agents. Further studies will provide information about the safety and efficacy of antioxidants in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease." It appears
Evolution and impact of obesity in patients on the liver transplant waiting list
Authors: G. Lassailly, M. Favre, F. Artru, O. Goria, E. Nguyen-Khac, A. Louvet, Stéphanie Truant, E. Boleslawski, G. Lebuffe, F.-R. Pruvot, P. Mathurin, S. Dharancy
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
A Treatise on Hygiene and Public Health with Special Reference to the Tropics
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal