tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of Social Vulnerability on Comorbid Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in the United States
Authors: Sarju Ganatra, Sourbha S. Dani, Ashish Kumar, Safi U. Khan, Rishi Wadhera, Tomas G. Neilan, Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan, Ana Barac, Joerg Hermann, Monika Leja, Anita Deswal, Michael Fradley, Jennifer E. Liu, Diego Sadler, Aarti Asnani, Lauren A. Baldassarre, Dipti Gupta, Eric Yang, Avirup Guha, Sherry-Ann Brown, Jennifer Stevens, Salim S. Hayek, Charles Porter, Ankur Kalra, Suzanne J. Baron, Bonnie Ky, Salim S. Virani, Dhruv Kazi, Khurram Nasir, Anju Nohria
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2022)

Racial and social disparities exist in outcomes related to cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to study the impact of social vulnerability on mortality attributed to comorbid cancer and CVD. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database (2015-2019) was used to obtain county-level mortality data attributed to cancer, CVD, and comorbid cancer and CVD. County-level social vulnerability index (SVI) data (2014-2018) were obtained from the CDC’s Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. SVI percentiles were generated for each county and aggregated to form SVI quartiles. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were estimated and compared across SVI quartiles to assess the impact of social vulnerability on mortality related to cancer, CVD, and comorbid cancer and CVD. The AAMR for comorbid cancer and CVD was 47.75 (95% CI: 47.66-47.85) per 100,000 person-years, with higher mortality in counties with greater social vulnerability. AAMRs for cancer and CVD were also significantly greater in counties with the highest SVIs. However, the proportional increase in mortality between the highest and lowest SVI counties was greater for comorbid cancer and CVD than for either cancer or CVD alone. Adults <45 years of age, women, Asian and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics had the highest relative increase in comorbid cancer and CVD mortality between the fourth and first SVI quartiles, without significant urban-rural differences. Comorbid cancer and CVD mortality increased in counties with higher social vulnerability. Improved education, resource allocation, and targeted public health interventions are needed to address inequities in cardio-oncology.
Considerations of Competing Risks Analysis in Cardio-Oncology Studies
Authors: Yimei Li, Lova Sun, Danielle S. Burstein, Kelly D. Getz
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2022)

Cardio-oncology research studies often require consideration of potential competing risks, as the occurrence of other events (eg, cancer-related death) may preclude the primary event of interest (eg, cardiovascular outcome). However, the decision to conduct competing risks analysis is not always straightforward, and even when deemed necessary, misconceptions exist about the appropriate choice of analytical methods to address the competing risks. R researchers are encouraged to consider competing risks at the study design stage and are provided provide an assessment tool to guide decisions on analytical approach on the basis of study objectives. The existing statistical methods for competing risks analysis, including cumulative incidence estimations and regression modeling are also reviewed. Cardio-oncology-specific examples are used to illustrate these concepts and highlight potential pitfalls and misinterpretations. R code is also provided for these analyses.
Physician Knowledge and Awareness About Cardiac Amyloidosis in the Middle East and Gulf Region
Authors: Firas Al Badarin, Khaldoon Al-Humood, Feras Bader, Said Alsaid, Kadhim Sulaiman, Matlooba Alzadjali, Hani Sabbour, Abdulla Shehab, Nooshin Bazargani, Stefano Perlini
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2022)
Management of Gout: A Systematic Review in Support of an American College of Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Paul G. Shekelle, Sydne J. Newberry, John D. FitzGerald, Aneesa Motala, Claire E. O'Hanlon, Abdul Tariq, Adeyemi Okunogbe, Dan Han, Roberta Shanman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Background: Gout is a common type of inflammatory arthritis in patients seen by primary care physicians. Purpose: To review evidence about treatment of acute gout attacks, management of hyperuricemia to prevent attacks, and discontinuation of medications for chronic gout in adults. Data Sources: Multiple electronic databases from January 2010 to March 2016, reference mining, and pharmaceutical manufacturers. Study Selection: Studies of drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and commonly prescribed by primary care physicians, randomized trials for effectiveness, and trials and observational studies for adverse events. Data Extraction: Data extraction was performed by one reviewer and checked by a second reviewer. Study quality was assessed by 2 independent reviewers. Strength-of-evidence assessment was done by group discussion. Data Synthesis: High-strength evidence from 28 trials (only 3 of which were placebo-controlled) shows that colchicine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and corticosteroids reduce pain in patients with acute gout. Moderate-strength evidence suggests that low-dose colchicine is as effective as high-dose colchicine and causes fewer gastrointestinal adverse events. Moderate-strength evidence suggests that urate-lowering therapy (allopurinol or febuxostat) reduces long-term risk for acute gout attacks after 1 year or more. High-strength evidence shows that prophylaxis with daily colchicine or NSAIDs reduces the risk for acute gout attacks by at least half in patients starting urate-lowering therapy, and moderate-strength evidence indicates that duration of prophylaxis should be longer than 8 weeks. Although lower urate levels reduce risk for recurrent acute attacks, treatment to a specific target level has not been tested. Limitation: Few studies of acute gout treatments, no placebo-controlled trials of management of hyperuricemia lasting longer than 6 months, and few studies in primary care populations. Conclusion: Colchicine, NSAIDs, and corticosteroids relieve pain in adults with acute gout. Urate-lowering therapy decreases serum urate levels and reduces risk for acute gout attacks. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (Protocol registration: http://effectivehealth-care.ahrq.gov/ehc/products/564/1992/Gout-managment-protocol-141103.pdf)
Approach to a patient with “double refractory” chronic lymphocytic leukemia: “Double, double toil and trouble” (Shakespeare)
Authors: Julia H. Aronson, Sigrid S. Skånland, Lindsey E. Roeker, Meghan C. Thompson, Anthony R. Mato
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2022)

Abstract As patients continue to live longer with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, it has become evident that there is an unmet treatment need for patients who have progressed on multiple lines of therapy. In this article, we attempt to define the “double refractory” patient as resistant to both Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) and venetoclax for which prognosis is poor and there remains no standard of care. We further examine the mechanism of resistance to these targeted agents and discuss the current landscape for managing this patient population. Finally, we explore data supporting promising new agents, including non‐covalent BTKi, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and additional classes of agents currently in development.
Diagnostic and prognostic performance of urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin in patients with cirrhosis and acute kidney injury
Authors: Carmine Gambino, Salvatore Piano, Matteo Stenico, Marta Tonon, Alessandra Brocca, Valeria Calvino, Simone Incicco, Nicola Zeni, Roberta Gagliardi, Chiara Cosma, Martina Zaninotto, Patrizia Burra, Umberto Cillo, Daniela Basso, Paolo Angeli
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) commonly occurs in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) could help discriminate between different etiologies of AKI. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of uNGAL in (1) the differential diagnosis of AKI, (2) predicting the response to terlipressin and albumin in patients with hepatorenal syndrome-AKI (HRS-AKI), and (3) predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with AKI.One hundred sixty-two consecutive patients with cirrhosis and AKI were included from 2015 to 2020 and followed until transplant, death, or 90 days. Standard urinary markers and uNGAL were measured. Data on treatment, type, and resolution of AKI were collected. Thirty-five patients (21.6%) had prerenal AKI, 64 (39.5%) HRS-AKI, 27 (16.7%) acute tubular necrosis-AKI (ATN-AKI), and 36 (22.2%) a mixed form of AKI. Mean values of uNGAL were significantly higher in ATN-AKI than in other types of AKI (1162 ng/ml [95% CI 423-2105 ng/ml] vs. 109 ng/ml [95% CI 52-192 ng/ml]; p < 0.001). uNGAL showed a high discrimination ability in predicting ATN-AKI (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.854; 95% CI 0.767-0.941; p < 0.001). The best-performing threshold was found to be 220 ng/ml (sensitivity, 89%; specificity, 78%). The same threshold was independently associated with a higher risk of nonresponse (adjusted OR [aOR], 6.17; 95% CI 1.41-27.03; p = 0.016). In multivariable analysis (adjusted for age, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, acute-on-chronic liver failure, leukocytes, and type of AKI), uNGAL was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (aOR, 1.74; 95% CI 1.26-2.38; p = 0.001).uNGAL is an adequate biomarker for making a differential diagnosis of AKI in cirrhosis and predicting the response to terlipressin and albumin in patients with HRS-AKI. In addition, it is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality.
Tocilizumab as a Novel Therapy for Steroid-Dependent Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Authors: Brendan Antiochos
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Differences in the Association of Select Dietary Measures With Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Stephanie E. Tison, James M. Shikany, D. Leann Long, April P. Carson, Stacey S. Cofield, Keith E. Pearson, George Howard, Suzanne E. Judd
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations between a broad range of approaches to classifying diet and incident type 2 diabetes in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study included 8,750 Black and White adults without diabetes at baseline. Diabetes was defined according to fasting glucose ≥70 mmol/L, random glucose ≥111 mmol/L, or use of diabetes medications. The exposures were diet scores for Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND), dietary inflammatory index (DII), dietary inflammation score (DIS), and empirical dietary patterns (plant-based and Southern) determined using data collected with use of the Block98 food-frequency questionnaire. Modified Poisson regression was used to assess association of dietary measures with risk of incident type 2 diabetes, with models adjusted for total energy intake, demographics, lifestyle factors, and waist circumference. RESULTS There were 1,026 cases of incident type 2 diabetes during follow-up (11.7%). Adherence to the Southern dietary pattern was most strongly associated with risk of incident type 2 diabetes after adjustment for demographics and lifestyle (quintile [Q]5 vs. lowest Q1: risk ratio [RR] 1.95; 95% CI 1.57, 2.41). Of the diet scores, DIS (Q5 vs. Q1 RR 1.41) and MIND (Q1 vs. Q5 RR 1.33), demonstrated anti-inflammatory diets, had strongest associations with lower diabetes incidence. CONCLUSIONS We found associations of several dietary approaches with incident type 2 diabetes. Investigation into mechanisms driving the association with the Southern dietary pattern is warranted. Further research into use of DIS, DII, and MIND diet score should be considered for dietary recommendations for diabetes prevention.
Errors in Source Data for Study of Drug Development Costs
Authors: Olivier J. Wouters, Martin McKee, Jeroen Luyten
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thymosin β4 and prothymosin α promote cardiac regeneration post-ischaemic injury in mice
Authors: Monika M Gladka, Anne Katrine Z Johansen, Sebastiaan J van Kampen, Marijn M C Peters, Bas Molenaar, Danielle Versteeg, Lieneke Kooijman, Lorena Zentilin, Mauro Giacca, Eva van Rooij
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2022)

The adult mammalian heart is a post-mitotic organ. Even in response to necrotic injuries, where regeneration would be essential to reinstate cardiac structure and function, only a minor percentage of cardiomyocytes undergo cytokinesis. The gene programme that promotes cell division within this population of cardiomyocytes is not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to determine the gene expression profile of proliferating adult cardiomyocytes in the mammalian heart after myocardial ischaemia, to identify factors to can promote cardiac regeneration.Here, we demonstrate increased 5-ethynyl-2'deoxyuridine incorporation in cardiomyocytes 3 days post-myocardial infarction in mice. By applying multi-colour lineage tracing, we show that this is paralleled by clonal expansion of cardiomyocytes in the borderzone of the infarcted tissue. Bioinformatic analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from cardiomyocytes at 3 days post ischaemic injury revealed a distinct transcriptional profile in cardiomyocytes expressing cell cycle markers. Combinatorial overexpression of the enriched genes within this population in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and mice at postnatal day 12 (P12) unveiled key genes that promoted increased cardiomyocyte proliferation. Therapeutic delivery of these gene cocktails into the myocardial wall after ischaemic injury demonstrated that a combination of thymosin beta 4 (TMSB4) and prothymosin alpha (PTMA) provide a permissive environment for cardiomyocyte proliferation and thereby attenuated cardiac dysfunction.This study reveals the transcriptional profile of proliferating cardiomyocytes in the ischaemic heart and shows that overexpression of the two identified factors, TMSB4 and PTMA, can promote cardiac regeneration. This work indicates that in addition to activating cardiomyocyte proliferation, a supportive environment is a key for regeneration to occur.
Neurologic Complications of Smallpox and Monkeypox
Authors: B. Jeanne Billioux, Oliver Tshiani Mbaya, James Sejvar, Avindra Nath
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2022)

Orthopox viruses include smallpox virus, a once feared but now eradicated virus, as well as monkeypox virus. Monkeypox is an emerging virus initially isolated in 1958, previously unrecognized outside sub-Saharan Africa until a worldwide outbreak in May 2022. It is important to review known neurologic consequences of both these viruses, as complications of smallpox may be relevant to monkeypox, though complications of monkeypox may be rarer and perhaps less severe.This was a literature review of the known neurologic complications of smallpox, which include encephalitis, transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis among others; historical complications of smallpox vaccination, including postvaccinal encephalomyelitis; and the known neurologic complications of monkeypox, which include headaches and mood disturbances, as well as rare presentations of encephalitis, transverse myelitis, and seizures. Of concern is the possibility of viral persistence and systemic complications in immunocompromised individuals. Also provided were considerations for diagnosis, current treatment, and prevention of monkeypox.Monkeypox should be considered in high-risk populations who present with neurologic syndromes. Diagnosis may require serology and polymerase chain reaction testing of blood and spinal fluid. Antiviral therapy should be initiated early in the course of the illness.
The Independent Effect of COVID-19 Vaccinations and Air Pollution Exposure on Risk of COVID-19 Hospitalizations in Southern California
Authors: Zhanghua Chen, Margo A. Sidell, Brian Z. Huang, Ting Chow, Mayra P. Martinez, Fred Lurmann, Frank D. Gilliland, Anny H. Xiang
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)
Stress-Mediated Attenuation of Translation Undermines T-cell Activity in Cancer
Authors: Brian P. Riesenberg, Elizabeth G. Hunt, Megan D. Tennant, Katie E. Hurst, Alex M. Andrews, Lee R. Leddy, David M. Neskey, Elizabeth G. Hill, Guillermo O. Rangel Rivera, Chrystal M. Paulos, Peng Gao, Jessica E. Thaxton
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Protein synthesis supports robust immune responses. Nutrient competition and global cell stressors in the tumor microenvironment (TME) may impact protein translation in T cells and antitumor immunity. Using human and mouse tumors, we demonstrated here that protein translation in T cells is repressed in solid tumors. Reduced glucose availability to T cells in the TME led to activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) element eIF2α (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha). Genetic mouse models revealed that translation attenuation mediated by activated p-eIF2α undermines the ability of T cells to suppress tumor growth. Reprograming T-cell metabolism was able to alleviate p-eIF2α accumulation and translational attenuation in the TME, allowing for sustained protein translation. Metabolic and pharmacological approaches showed that proteasome activity mitigates induction of p-eIF2α to support optimal antitumor T-cell function, protecting from translation attenuation and enabling prolonged cytokine synthesis in solid tumors. Together, these data identify a new therapeutic avenue to fuel the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Significance: Proteasome function is a necessary cellular component for endowing T cells with tumor killing capacity by mitigating translation attenuation resulting from the unfolded protein response induced by stress in the tumor microenvironment.
Effective Sonosensitizer Delivery by Redox Sensitive Nanoparticles for Prostate Cancer Sonodynamic Therapy via Amplifying Oxidative Stress and Peroxidation
Authors: Tongyu Tong, Hanqi Lei, Shiqiang Zhang, Donggen Jiang, Yupeng Guan, Chengyuan Xing, Huikun Chen, Xiangwei Yang, Yang Kang, Jun Pang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), a novel noninvasive therapeutic modality, provides many noteworthy benefits by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, water-insoluble sonosensitizer delivery strategies have continuously underperformed because of unavoidable toxicity and a short circulation time. In this study, l-cystine derivative-based biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs) that can be used in SDT and induce limited cytotoxicity are designed and synthesized. After ultrasonic (US) irradiation, these sonosensitizer-loaded NPs show highly efficient sonodynamic performance that leads to cytotoxic ROS production. The ability to stop and start ROS generation induced by US irradiation enables accurate temporal and spatial control. In vivo and in vitro experiments are systematically performed to investigate the effects of this system on tumors, and the results indicate remarkable tumor suppression via markedly high persistent oxidative stress that induces peroxidation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Thus, this novel temporally and spatially controllable ROS generation platform offers a safe and effective theranostic strategy for prostate cancer treatment.
PL03.06 Lobar or Sub-lobar Resection for Peripheral Clinical Stage IA = 2 cm Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Results From an International Randomized Phase III Trial (CALGB 140503 [Alliance])
Authors: N.K. Altorki, X. Wang, D. Kozono, C. Watt, R. Landreneau, D. Wigle, J. Port, D.R. Jones, M. Conti, A.S. Ashrafi, R. Keenan, T. Bauer, L.J. Kohman, T.E. Stinchcombe, E. Vokes
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2022)
PL03.12 Progression Free Survival and Overall Survival in NADIM II Study
Authors: M. Provencio, R. Serna, E. Nadal, J.L. Glez Larriba, A. Martínez-Martí, R. Bernabé, J. Bosch-Barrera, C. Garcia Benito, V. Calvo, A. Insa, S. Ponce, N. Reguart, J. De Castro, B. Massutí, R. Palmero, C. Aguado de la Rosa, J. Mosquera, M. Cobo, A. Aguilar, G. López Vivanco, C. Camps, F. Hernando Trancho, R. López Castro, T. Moran, I. Barneto, D. Rodríguez-Abreu, A. Romero
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2022)
PL03.09 IMpower010:Overall Survival Interim Analysis of a Phase III Study of Atezolizumab vs Best Supportive Care in Resected NSCLC
Authors: H. Wakelee, N. Altorki, E. Felip, E. Vallieres, I.O. Vynnychenko, A. Akopov, A. Martinez-Marti, A. Chella, I. Bondarenko, S. Sugawara, Y. Fan, H. Kenmotsu, Y.-M. Chen, Y. Deng, F. Wu, V. McNally, E. Bennett, B.J. Gitlitz, C. Zhou
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2022)
PL03.03 Personalised Smoking Cessation Support in a Lung Cancer Screening Programme: The Yorkshire Enhanced Stop Smoking Study (YESS)
Authors: R. Murray, K. Brain, J. Britton, S. Lewis, R. Thorley, D. Baldwin, S. Quaife, C. Chalitsios, P. Alexandris, P. Crosbie, H. Copeland, H. Quinn-Scoggins, G. McCutchan, S. Rogerson, S. Parrott, Q. Wu, R. Gabe, R. Neal, R. Beeken, M. Callister
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2022)
A new approach to cognitive impairment in people with HIV
Authors: Sam Nightingale, Paola Cinque, John A Joska, Richard W Price, Jonathan Underwood, Beau Ances, Ameet Dravid, Anna J Dreyer, Magnus Gisslén, Judith Kwasa, Ana-Claire Meyer, Nombeko Mpongo, Noeline Nakasujja, Roger Pebody, Anton Pozniak, Christopher Sandford, Deanna Saylor, Kevin G F Thomas, Jaime H Vera, Alan Winston
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2022)