tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Commentary on ‘Management of anastomotic leaks after elective colorectal resections: The East of England experience. A retrospective cohort’ [Int J Surg 2021; 96:106167]
Authors: Zengwu Yao, Jinchen Hu, Lixin Jiang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

aYantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Province, China bDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University, Shandong Province, China cGeneral surgery, Yantai Yeda hospital, Shandong Province, China Zengwu Yao, Jinchen Hu contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Qindao University Medical College Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital China. TEL: +86-0535-6691999-83730. E-mail address: [email protected] (L. Jiang). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Evaluation of postoperative outcomes of minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy for left-sided pancreatic tumors based on the modified frailty index: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yejong Park, Dae Wook Hwang, Jae Hoon Lee, Ki Byung Song, Eunsung Jun, Woohyung Lee, Bong Jun Kwak, Song Cheol Kim
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

This study compared the postoperative outcomes of minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP) for left-sided pancreatic tumors based on the modified frailty index (mFI).This retrospective study included 2212 patients who underwent MIDP for left-sided pancreatic tumors between 2005 and 2019. Postoperative outcomes, including complications (morbidity and mortality), were analyzed using mFI, and the participants were divided into two groups: frail ( n =79) and nonfrail ( n =2133). A subanalysis of 495 MIDPs for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was conducted to compare oncological outcomes.Clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula was significantly higher in the frail group than in the nonfrail group. A significant between-group difference was observed in overall complications with Clavien-Dindo classification grade ≥III. Furthermore, the proportion of all complications before readmission was higher in the frail group than in the nonfrail group. Among all readmitted patients, the frail group had a higher number of grade ≥IV patients requiring ICU treatment. The frail group's 90-day mortality was 1.3%; the difference was statistically significant (nonfrail: 0.3%, P =0.021). In the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, mFI ≥0.27 (odds ratio 3.231, 95% CI: 1.889-5.523, P <0.001), extended pancreatectomy, BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 , male sex, and malignancy were risk factors for Clavien-Dindo classification grade ≥III.mFI is a potential preoperative tool for predicting severe postoperative complications, including mortality, in patients who have undergone MIDP for left-sided tumors.
Deformation equivariant cross-modality image synthesis with paired non-aligned training data
Authors: Joel Honkamaa, Umair Khan, Sonja Koivukoski, Mira Valkonen, Leena Latonen, Pekka Ruusuvuori, Pekka Marttinen
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2023)

Cross-modality image synthesis is an active research topic with multiple medical clinically relevant applications. Recently, methods allowing training with paired but misaligned data have started to emerge. However, no robust and well-performing methods applicable to a wide range of real world data sets exist. In this work, we propose a generic solution to the problem of cross-modality image synthesis with paired but non-aligned data by introducing new deformation equivariance encouraging loss functions. The method consists of joint training of an image synthesis network together with separate registration networks and allows adversarial training conditioned on the input even with misaligned data. The work lowers the bar for new clinical applications by allowing effortless training of cross-modality image synthesis networks for more difficult data sets.
Long-term and liver-selected ginsenoside C–K nanoparticles retard NAFLD progression by restoring lipid homeostasis
Authors: Chunyan Yue, Dandan Li, Shuxin Fan, Feng Tao, Yue Yu, Wenjing Lu, Qian Chen, Ahu Yuan, Jinhui Wu, Guoping Zhao, Hong Dong, Yiqiao Hu
Journal: Biomaterials (2023)
Double hits with bioactive nanozyme based on cobalt-doped nanoglass for acute and diabetic wound therapies through anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic functions
Authors: Nandin Mandakhbayar, YunSeong Ji, Ahmed El-Fiqi, Kapil D. Patel, Dong Suk Yoon, Khandmaa Dashnyam, Oyunchimeg Bayaraa, Gangshi Jin, Khaliunsarnai Tsogtbaatar, Tae-Hyun Kim, Jung-Hwan Lee, Hae-Won Kim
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2023)

Regeneration of pathological wounds, such as diabetic ulcers, poses a significant challenge in clinical settings, despite the widespread use of drugs. To overcome clinical side effects and complications, drug-free therapeutics need to be developed to promote angiogenesis while overcoming inflammation to restore regenerative events. This study presents a novel bioactive nanozyme based on cobalt-doped nanoglass (namely, CoNZ), which exhibits high enzymatic/catalytic activity while releasing therapeutic ions. Cobalt oxide "Co3O4" tiny crystallites produced in situ through a chemical reaction with H2O2 within CoNZ nanoparticles play a crucial role in scavenging ROS. Results showed that CoNZ-treatment to full-thickness skin wounds in mice significantly accelerated the healing process, promoting neovascularization, matrix deposition, and epithelial lining while reducing pro-inflammatory signs. Notably, CoNZ was highly effective in treating pathological wounds (streptozotocin-induced diabetic wounds). Rapid scavenging of ROS by CoNZ and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory markers while up-regulating tissue healing signs with proliferative cells and activated angiogenic factors contributed to the observed healing events. In vitro experiments involving CoNZ-cultures with macrophages and endothelial cells exposed to high glucose and ROS-generating conditions further confirmed the effectiveness of CoNZ. CoNZ-promoted angiogenesis was attributed to the release of cobalt ions, as evidenced by the comparable effects of CoNZ-extracted ionic medium in enhancing endothelial migration and tubule formation via activated HIF-1α. Finally, we compared the in vivo efficacy of CoNZ with the clinically-available drug deferoxamine. Results demonstrated that CoNZ was as effective as the drug in closing the diabetic wound, indicating the potential of CoNZ as a novel drug-free therapeutic approach.
Rationally Integrated Precise ER‐Targeted and Oxygen‐Compensated Photodynamic Immunostimulant for Immunogenicity‐Boosted Tumor Therapy
Authors: Yanrong Qian, Man Wang, Yulin Xie, Qianqian Sun, Minghong Gao, Chunxia Li
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Notwithstanding that immunotherapy has made eminent clinical breakthroughs, activating the immunogenicity and breaking the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITME) remains tempting yet challenging. Herein, a customized‐designed immunostimulant is engineered for attenuating ITME and eliciting an immune response to address this challenge head‐on. This immunostimulant is equipped with dual silica layers coated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as nanocarriers modified with endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐targeted molecular N‐p‐Tosylglycine, in which the dense silica for chlorin e6 (Ce6) and the glutathione (GSH)‐responsive degradable silica for loading resveratrol (RES) ‐ (UCSMR ER ). On the one hand, this precise ER‐targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ under the 980 nm laser irradiation, which not only induced severe cell death directly but also caused intense ER stress‐based immunogenic cell death (ICD). On the other hand, tumor hypoxia aggravated by the PDT is alleviated by RES released on‐demand, which reduced oxygen consumption by impairing the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). This integrated precise ER‐targeted and oxygen‐compensated strategy maximized the PDT effect and potentiated ICD‐associated immunotherapy, which availed to attenuate ITME, activate tumor immunogenicity, and further magnify the anti‐tumor effect. This innovative concept about PDT and immunotherapy sheds light on cancer‐related clinical application.
Development of a rabbit human glioblastoma model for testing of endovascular selective intra-arterial infusion (ESIA) of novel stem cell-based therapeutics
Authors: Peter Kan, Visish M Srinivasan, Joy Gumin, Roberto Garcia, Stephen R Chen, Jeremiah N Johnson, Dalis E Collins, Melissa M Chen, Daniel Ledbetter, Jason Huse, Zean Aaron Evan Luna, Ariadna Robledo, Viren Vasandani, Abhijit Rao, Sanjay K Singh, Elizabeth J Shpall, Juan Fueyo, Candelaria Gomez-Manzano, Frederick F Lang
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2023)

Abstract Background Endovascular selective intra-arterial (ESIA) infusion of cellular oncotherapeutics is a rapidly evolving strategy for treating glioblastoma. Evaluation of ESIA infusion requires a unique animal model. Our goal was to create a rabbit human GBM model to test IA infusions of cellular therapies and to test its usefulness by employing clinical-grade microcatheters and infusion methods to deliver mesenchymal stem cells loaded with an oncolytic adenovirus, Delta-24-RGD (MSC-D24). Methods Rabbits were immunosuppressed with mycophenolate mofetil, dexamethasone, and tacrolimus. They underwent stereotactic xenoimplantation of human GBM cell lines (U87, MDA-GSC-17, and MDA-GSC-8-11) into the right frontal lobe. Tumor formation was confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging, histologic, and immunohistochemistry analysis. Selective microcatheter infusion of MSC-D24 was performed via the ipsilateral internal carotid artery to assess model utility and the efficacy and safety of this approach. Results Twenty-five rabbits were implanted (18 with U87, 2 MDA-GSC-17, and 5 MDA-GSC-8-11). Tumors formed in 68% of rabbits (77.8% for U87, 50.0% for MDA-GSC-17, and 40.0% for MDA-GSC-8-11). On MRI, the tumors were hyperintense on T2-weighted image with variable enhancement (evidence of blood brain barrier breakdown). Histologically, tumors showed phenotypic traits of human GBM including varying levels of vascularity. ESIA infusion into the distal internal carotid artery of 2 ml of MSCs-D24 (107 cells) was safe in the model. Examination of post infusion specimens documented that MSCs-D24 homed to the implanted tumor at 24 hours. Conclusions The intracranial immunosuppressed rabbit human GBM model allows testing of ESIA infusion of novel therapeutics (eg, MSC-D24) in a clinically relevant fashion.
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Devices as a Use Case for Postmarketing Surveillance of Medical Devices
Authors: Xuan Wang, Vidul Ayakulangara Panickan, Tianrun Cai, Xin Xiong, Kelly Cho, Tianxi Cai, Florence T. Bourgeois
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is building a national postmarketing surveillance system for medical devices, moving to a "total product life cycle" approach whereby more limited premarketing data are balanced with postmarketing surveillance to capture rare adverse events and long-term safety issues.
Screen Time at Age 1 Year and Communication and Problem-Solving Developmental Delay at 2 and 4 Years
Authors: Ippei Takahashi, Taku Obara, Mami Ishikuro, Keiko Murakami, Fumihiko Ueno, Aoi Noda, Tomomi Onuma, Genki Shinoda, Tomoko Nishimura, Kenji J. Tsuchiya, Shinichi Kuriyama
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Whether some domains of child development are specifically associated with screen time and whether the association continues with age remain unknown.To examine the association between screen time exposure among children aged 1 year and 5 domains of developmental delay (communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem-solving, and personal and social skills) at age 2 and 4 years.This cohort study was conducted under the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. Pregnant women at 50 obstetric clinics and hospitals in the Miyagi and Iwate prefectures in Japan were recruited into the study between July 2013 and March 2017. The information was collected prospectively, and 7097 mother-child pairs were included in the analysis. Data analysis was performed on March 20, 2023.Four categories of screen time exposure were identified for children aged 1 year (<1, 1 to <2, 2 to <4, or ≥4 h/d).Developmental delays in the 5 domains for children aged 2 and 4 years were assessed using the Japanese version of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition. Each domain ranged from 0 to 60 points. Developmental delay was defined if the total score for each domain was less than 2 SDs from its mean score.Of the 7097 children in this study, 3674 were boys (51.8%) and 3423 were girls (48.2%). With regard to screen time exposure per day, 3440 children (48.5%) had less than 1 hour, 2095 (29.5%) had 1 to less than 2 hours, 1272 (17.9%) had 2 to less than 4 hours, and 290 (4.1%) had 4 or more hours. Children's screen time was associated with a higher risk of developmental delay at age 2 years in the communication (odds ratio [OR], 1.61 [95% CI, 1.23-2.10] for 1 to <2 h/d; 2.04 [1.52-2.74] for 2 to <4 h/d; 4.78 [3.24-7.06] for ≥4 vs <1 h/d), fine motor (1.74 [1.09-2.79] for ≥4 vs <1 h/d), problem-solving (1.40 [1.02-1.92] for 2 to <4 h/d; 2.67 [1.72-4.14] for ≥4 vs <1 h/d), and personal and social skills (2.10 [1.39-3.18] for ≥4 vs <1 h/d) domains. Regarding risk of developmental delay at age 4 years, associations were identified in the communication (OR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.20-2.25] for 2 to <4 h/d; 2.68 [1.68-4.27] for ≥4 vs <1 h/d) and problem-solving (1.91 [1.17-3.14] for ≥4 vs <1 h/d) domains.In this study, greater screen time for children aged 1 year was associated with developmental delays in communication and problem-solving at ages 2 and 4 years. These findings suggest that domains of developmental delay should be considered separately in future discussions on screen time and child development.
Change in the Relation Between Age and Cardiovascular Events Among Men and Women With Diabetes Compared With Those Without Diabetes in 1994–1999 and 2014–2019: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Calvin Ke, Lorraine L. Lipscombe, Alanna Weisman, Limei Zhou, Peter C. Austin, Baiju R. Shah, Gillian L. Booth
Journal: Diabetes Care (2023)

The risk of cardiovascular events increases exponentially with age (1).Booth et al. (1) found that in the 1990s, people with diabetes transitioned from a moderate to a high risk of cardiovascular events 15 years earlier in life than people without diabetes.This accelerated rate of cardiovascular aging has prompted standards of diabetes care to incorporate multiple approaches to lowering cardiovascular risk, including glycemic control and the use of various cardiovascular-protective drugs.With these advances, it is unclear whether having diabetes is still equivalent to aging 15 years.We conducted a retrospective, population-based study to compare the relation between age and cardiovascular events among men and women with and without diabetes in 1994-1999 and 2014-2019.We used administrative health care data from Ontario, Canada's most populous province.The Ontario Health Insurance Plan provides publicly funded physician-and hospital-based services for all permanent residents.We created two population-based cohorts of adults aged 20-84 years who were living in Ontario on 1 April 1994 and 1 April 2014 (index dates),
Association of Sustained Low or High Income and Income Changes With Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes Among Individuals Aged 30 to 64 Years
Authors: Jimin Clara Park, Ga Eun Nam, Jinna Yu, Ketrell L. McWhorter, Junxiu Liu, Hong Seok Lee, Seong-Su Lee, Kyungdo Han
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Evidence of the association between income fluctuation and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is scarce.To investigate whether sustained low or high income and income changes are associated with incidence of T2D.In this population-based cohort study, more than 7.8 million adults without T2D aged 30 to 64 years from a nationally representative sample from the Korean Health Insurance Service database were enrolled in 2012 and followed up to 2019 (median follow-up, 6.3 years [IQR, 6.1-6.6 years]).Twenty quantiles of monthly health insurance premiums determined income levels. Income quartiles were annually analyzed from 2008 to 2012. Beneficiaries of the Medical Aid Program were regarded as those with very low income. A decrease in income was indicated as a reduction of 25% or more in income compared with income in the previous year.The primary outcome was incident T2D based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes E11 to E14, 1 or more claims of antidiabetic medication, or a fasting glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of low- or high-income status and income changes with incidence of T2D.Of 7 821 227 participants (mean [SD] age, 46.4 [9.3] years; 54.9% men), 359 931 (4.6%) developed T2D at least 1 year after enrollment. Individuals who repeatedly experienced low and very low income for 5 years showed 22% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.22 [95% CI, 1.21-1.23]) and 57% (1.57 [95% CI, 1.53-1.62]) higher T2D risk compared with those who never experienced low and very low income, respectively. In contrast, individuals who were repeatedly in high-income quartiles showed lower T2D risk compared with those who never experienced high income (HR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.85-0.86]). The number of income decreases was associated with elevated T2D risk (≥2 vs 0 income decreases: HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.06-1.11]; P < .001 for trend). When income quartile status was compared between 2008 and 2012, individuals who experienced an income increase had lowered T2D risk, while those who experienced an income decrease had elevated T2D risk in each income quartile group.This cohort study found that individuals who experienced sustained low-income status or an income decrease had elevated T2D risk, while those who had sustained high-income status or an income increase had lowered T2D risk.
The Maelstrom of Medications—Optimization of Prescribing During the Course of Dementia
Authors: Matthew E. Growdon, Alexander K. Smith
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Older adults living with dementia and the caregivers and clinicians caring for them must navigate a maelstrom of medications. In dementia, multimorbidity is the norm, and polypharmacy is exceedingly common.1
A Universal Cyclodextrin‐Based Nanovaccine Platform Delivers Epitope Peptides for Enhanced Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Jiarong Mao, Zhetong Jin, Xue Rui, Lu Li, Chengchen Hou, Xuejiao Leng, Xiaolin Bi, Zhipeng Chen, Yugen Chen, Jingjing Wang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Currently, there is still an intense demand for a simple and scalable delivery platform for peptide‐based cancer vaccines. Herein, a cyclodextrin‐based polymer nanovaccine platform (CDNP) is designed for the codelivery of peptides with two immune adjuvants [the Toll‐like receptor (TLR)7/8 agonist R848 and the TLR9 agonist CpG] that is broadly applicable to epitope peptides with diverse sequences. Specifically, the cyclodextrin‐based polymers are covalently linked to epitope peptides via a bioreactive bond‐containing cross‐linker (PNC‐DTDE‐PNC) and then physically load with R848 and CpG to obtain CDNP. The CDNP efficiently accumulats in the lymph nodes (LNs), greatly facilitating antigen capture and cross‐presentation by antigen‐presenting cells. The immunogenicity of the epitope peptides is significantly enhanced by the codelivery and synergy of the adjuvants, and the CDNP shows the ability to inhibit tumor progression in diverse tumor‐bearing mouse models. It is concluded that CDNP holds promise as an optimized peptide‐based cancer vaccine platform.
Rheumatoid arthritis molecular targets and their importance to flavonoid‐based therapy
Authors: Ana T. Rufino, Marisa Freitas, Carina Proença, José M. P. Ferreira de Oliveira, Eduarda Fernandes, Daniela Ribeiro
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2023)

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive, chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory, and systemic condition that primarily affects the synovial joints and adjacent tissues, including bone, muscle, and tendons. The World Health Organization recognizes RA as one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases. In the last decade, there was an expansion on the available RA therapeutic options which aimed to improve patient's quality of life. Despite the extensive research and the emergence of new therapeutic approaches and drugs, there are still significant unwanted side effects associated to these drugs and still a vast number of patients that do not respond positively to the existing therapeutic strategies. Over the years, several references to the use of flavonoids in the quest for new treatments for RA have emerged. This review aimed to summarize the existing literature about the flavonoids' effects on the major pathogenic/molecular targets of RA and their potential use as lead compounds for the development of new effective molecules for RA treatment. It is demonstrated that flavonoids can modulate various players in synovial inflammation, regulate immune cell function, decrease synoviocytes proliferation and balance the apoptotic process, decrease angiogenesis, and stop/prevent bone and cartilage degradation, which are all dominant features of RA. Although further investigation is necessary to determine the effectiveness of flavonoids in humans, the available data from in vitro and in vivo models suggest their potential as new disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs. This review highlights the use of flavonoids as a promising avenue for future research in the treatment of RA.
Psychotropic Medication and Psychotropic Polypharmacy Among Children and Adolescents in the US Child Welfare System
Authors: Laura F. Radel, Mir M. Ali, Kristina West, Sarah A. Lieff
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

This cross-sectional study evaluates rates of psychotropic medication and polypharmacy use among youths in the US child welfare system compared with other youths with Medicaid coverage in 2019.