tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Severe Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: Warren M. Zapol
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Nine medical centers collaborated in a prospective randomized study to evaluate prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a therapy for severe acute respiratory failure (ARF). Ninety adult patients were selected by common criteria of arterial hypoxemia and treated with either conventional mechanical ventilation (48 patients) or mechanical ventilation supplemented with partial venoarterial bypass (42 patients). Four patients in each group survived. The majority of patients suffered acute bacterial or viral pneumonia (57%). All nine patients with pulmonary embolism and six patients with posttraumatic acute respiratory failure died. The majority of patients died of progressive reduction of transpulmonary gas exchange and decreased compliance due to diffuse pulmonary inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis. We conclude that ECMO can support respiratory gas exchange but did not increase the probability of long-term survival in patients with severe ARF. (<i>JAMA</i>242:2193-2196, 1979)
The jaundiced newborn
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The effects of simvastatin and atorvastatin on HDL subfractions D. Roger Illingworth, John J. P. Kastelein, Leiv Ose, Evan A. Stein, Minzhi Liu, Yale B. Mitchel, for the Simvastatin/Atorvastatin Study Group. The Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Episodic pain in the thigh
Authors: L. M. Kotner
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Dr. Jason Birnholz: The patient is a 37-year-old mother of five children who entered the hospital because of pain in the right thigh of two years' duration, occurring every four to six months. Between attacks of pain, the patient was entirely asymptomatic. The thigh pain was exacerbated by walking but was not relieved by rest. The pain seemed to originate in the right thigh and to radiate down to the foot and up to the buttock. On physical examination the only positive finding was that the circumference of the right thigh was 2 cm greater than the left. <h3>Discussion</h3> Dr. Spencer Borden IV: There is a diffuse process involving the proximal two thirds of the right femur (Fig 1). There is loss of the normal border between cortex and marrow space. The bone is expanded in the proximal portion with periosteal thickening and new bone formation. There is mottled lucency
Cardiac Cruciverbalism
Authors: Bruce Haight
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MEDICAL PROGRESS
Journal: JAMA (1887)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme electrophoresis
Authors: A. L. Louderback
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The clinical usefulness of measuring specific enzyme levels in serum is well established. Depending on the enzyme being studied, quantitative elevation in the serum is a relatively sensitive indication that tissue damage has occurred. However, such quantitative measurements fail to demonstrate the specific tissue involved, and in the case of the "total" lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) determination, elevated serum levels may be seen in a number of clinical conditions. Because enzymes occur in multiple molecular forms called<i>isoenzymes</i>or<i>isozymes</i>which have similar biologic activity, they may be distinguished by electrophoretic techniques. Electrophoresis separates LDH into its constituent isoenzymes and provides the physician with organ-specific information because the proportion of these individual isoenzymes varies in different organs. Identification of isoenzymes is of additional value since there may be diagnostically significant changes in the isoenzyme patterns (zymograms) without any change in the total serum level.
Rabies
Authors: Daniel B. Fishbein, Laura E. Robinson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Rabies ("rage" or "madness" in Latin) has been the object of human fascination, torment, and fear since the disease was recognized in antiquity1. Improvements in prevention during the past 50 years have led to the almost complete elimination of indigenously acquired human rabies in the United States. The recent spread of rabies by raccoons into the heavily populated northeastern states long free of the disease in terrestrial animals is but one example, however, of how rabies continues to cause fear and devour public health resources.In this article we review the pathogenesis and epidemiology of rabies and discuss new . . .
GERMAN TRANSLATION AND CONTENT VALIDATION OF THE OSTRC QUESTIONNAIRE ON OVERUSE INJURIES AND HEALTH PROBLEMS
Authors: Anja Hirschmüller, Kathrin Steffen, Katharina Fassbender, Ben Clarsen, Reiner Leonhard, Lukas Konstantinidis, Norbert P Südkamp, Eva Johanna Kubosch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Background The importance of a standardised injury and illness surveillance system in elite sports has recently often been highlighted. The OSTRC Questionnaire on Health Problems was developed and validated at the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre in Norway and showed very good validity. Objective The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems into the German context. Design A slightly modified back-translation method was used to translate the questionnaire. Validation was done in 24 high-level Paralympic athletes followed over 20 consecutive weeks. Setting Web-based weekly distribution of the translated OSTRC questionnaire for 20 weeks. Patients (or Participants) 24 athletes of the German National Cycling Team. Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors) None. Main Outcome Measurements internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha) test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient), weekly response rate, lost training-days, Incidence of illness or injury. Results The translated version of the questionnaire showed a very high internal consistency and good test-retest reliability (Cronbach's Alpha 0.92, ICC 0.91). Additionally, we observed high acceptance and compliance from our cohort of athletes, whose mean weekly response rate was 91.5%. Overall, 114 training-days were lost because of illness or injury within the 20 weeks. On average, five athletes per week (20.8%) reported health problems. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the translated German version of the OSTRC Questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool with high internal consistency for the medical monitoring of German athletes. The OSTRC-G now offers the opportunity for a continued surveillance of high-level German athletes.
DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS.
Authors: LOUIS A. DUHRING
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Read in the Section on Practice of Medicine and Materia Medica, of American Medical Association, May, 1884. Under the name Dermatitis Herpetiformis I propose pose to place a number of cases of skin disease that I have encountered from time to time. These cases at present are for the most part nameless, having been regarded and diagnosed, either as peculiar manifestations of one or another of the commoner and well-known diseases, as eczema, herpes, or pemphigus, or, in some cases, as undescribed diseases. From these remarks it will be inferred that the disease is rare, and such in a measure is the fact. At the same time I have met with a sufficient number of cases during the last fifteen years, to warrant the view that the disease is worthy of a special description and a name. I first recognized the affection as being peculiar as far back as 1871,
Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, December 15, 1959, to January 15, 1960
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)

Journal Article Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, December 15, 1959, to January 15, 1960 Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 24, Issue 2, February 1960, Page 518, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/24.2.518-a Published: 01 February 1960
Abstract 188: 4-methylumbelliferone: Dietary supplement turned chemo-preventive and anti-metastatic agent for prostate cancer.
Authors: Travis Yates, Luis Lopez, Marie Hupe, Nicolas Ortiz, Vinata B. Lokeshwar
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Hyaluronic acid (HA), a glycosaminoglycan, is associated with prostate cancer (PCa) progression and metastasis. 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) is a HA-synthesis inhibitor and we have shown antitumor and anti-invasive effects of 4-MU on PCa cells in vitro and in xenografts. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of 4-MU to prevent PCa growth and metastasis in the TRAMP model. We also evaluated the effects of 4-MU on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). METHODS: TRAMP mice (n = 8-11/group) were treated with vehicle or 4-MU (450 mg/kg) by starting stage-specific treatment at 8 (PIN stage), 12 (adenocarcinoma) and 22 (invasive carcinoma) wks of age. At 28 wks, 50% of animals in 4-MU treated groups were sacrificed and the other 50% were left untreated up to 52 wks. At necropsy prostate (P) and seminal vesicles (SV) were weighed, tissues were analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR for EMT markers and serum chemistry was evaluated. PC3-ML cells treated with 4-MU were analyzed for EMT markers. RESULTS: At 28 wks, 100% of vehicle treated mice developed prostate tumors, but tumor growth and progression was inhibited in all 4-MU treated groups; P+SV weight (g): vehicle: 3.2±2.9; 8 wk: 0.43±0.14; 12 wk: 0.35±0.04; 22 wk: 1.0±0.35 g. The P+SV weight in TRAMP mice at 22 wks of age was 0.9±0.04, showing that late stage administration of 4-MU halted further tumor progression. Animals in 8 and 12 wk groups remained tumor free until 52 wk and 44 wk respectively. While 55% of vehicle treated animals developed metastasis, none of the treated groups had metastasis. No serum/organ toxicity or weight loss was observed in the treatment groups. HA, HA receptors (CD44, RHAMM) and EMT markers (β-catenin, Zeb2) were downregulated (&amp;gt;2-fold), but E-cadherin was upregulated (4-fold) in the treatment groups. 4-MU treatment (0-60 μg/ml) similarly modulated the expression of EMT markers and HA receptors in PC3-ML cells. CONCLUSION: 4-MU is a promising non-toxic, oral chemopreventive agent, which inhibits PCa growth and metastasis by plausibly abrogating HA-signaling and reversing EMT. Support: R01 CA 123063-04 (VBL); R01 CA 72821-11 (VBL) Citation Format: Travis Yates, Luis Lopez, Marie Hupe, Nicolas Ortiz, Vinata B. Lokeshwar. 4-methylumbelliferone: Dietary supplement turned chemo-preventive and anti-metastatic agent for prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 188. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-188
Abstract 610: Regression of spontaneous non-small cell lung cancers in P53 mutant transgenic mice following exposure to PRIMA-1
Authors: Wenrui Duan, Li Gao, Gregory Vereb, Xin Wu, Gregory A. Otterson, Miguel A. Villalona-Calero
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract P53 mutations are common in lung cancer, thus restoration of p53 function in tumor cells have the potential to be an important approach for lung cancer therapy. The small molecule PRIMA-1 (p53-dependent reactivation and induction of massive apoptosis) has been shown to induce apoptosis in human tumor cells containing mutant p53 by restoration of tumor suppressor function of p53. This is believed to be mediated by a change in the conformation of mutated p53 protein, restoring DNA binding and activation of p53 target genes. We have developed a lung tumor model in transgenic mice in which the human mutant p53(273H) is expressed in a lung specific manner, under the control of the surfactant protein C promoter. These mice developed lung adenocarcinomas at an age range of 12-15 months. To evaluate feasibility and preliminary activity of PRIMA-1 on the murine spontaneous lung tumor, we treated SPC-p53-273H lung tumor bearing mice via intraperitoneal injection (i.p) with PRIMA-1 at a dose of 100 mg/kg in 0.2 ml PBS every other day for two weeks. Lung tumor bearing mice were identified with a micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) system and pre- and post-treatment tumor volumes were estimated based on the micro-CT image. Five mice received the PRIMA-1, and a control group of 4 lung tumor mice received PBS every other day for two weeks. A repeat CT scan was obtained the week after the last treatment. Results of post-treatment with pre-treatment CT volume comparisons are detailed below: These preliminary results indicate activity of PRIMA-1 in lung tumor bearing P53 mutant transgenics, and suggest the potential feasibility of using p53 restoring activity small molecules to treat lung cancer. Expansion of the sample size, as well as mechanistic and dosing studies is ongoing in order to strengthen the rationale to eventually pursue this strategy in clinical trials. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 610. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-610
Dietary reduction of serum cholesterol concentration.
Journal: BMJ (1991)

ELISA would have failed to prevent transmission.Interestingly, these donors have given 15, 23, and 27 donations and have never been implicated in any other case of transmission of hepatitis.As far as we are aware, the seronegative status of the donors was known to the authors before their letter was published.Though we acknowledge that hepatitis C virus will have been transmitted to a number ofrecipients of transfusions before screening was introduced, we nevertheless firmly support the balanced arguments of Elizabeth Ann Fagan.The problems ofthe poor specificity of the first generation ELISA for antibody to hepatitis C virus and the resulting wastage of considerable quantities of blood were not the only arguments in favour of awaiting the availability of second generation assays.3Pereira and colleagues' arguments are fallacious and should not be left unchallenged.
Distinct ACPA fine-specificities, formed under the influence of HLA shared epitope alleles, have no effect on radiographic joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: H. U. Scherer, D. van der Woude, A. Willemze, L. A. Trouw, R. Knevel, S. W. Syversen, M. P. M. van der Linden, B. Lie, T. W. J. Huizinga, D. M. F. M. van der Heijde, A. H. M. van der Helm-van Mil, T. K. Kvien, R. E. M. Toes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objectives</h3> HLA shared epitope (SE) alleles are associated with joint destruction, the presence of anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) and are known to shape the ACPA fine-specificity repertoire in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A large variation in the extent of joint destruction is seen within the ACPA-positive patient population, and it is conceivable that certain ACPA reactivities contribute most to radiological damage. Here, we investigated whether ACPA fine-specificities which are formed under the influence of SE-alleles associate with the extent of radiographic joint damage. <h3>Methods</h3> Antibodies recognising six citrullinated epitopes were determined by ELISA in sera of 330 ACPA-positive RA patients genotyped for SE-alleles. The association between SE-alleles, ACPA fine-specificity and radiographic joint damage was assessed using long-term radiographic follow-up data. A second cohort of 154 RA patients with 5- and 10-year radiographic follow-up was used for replication. <h3>Results</h3> SE alleles predisposed to the recognition of certain citrullinated epitopes. However, none of the ACPA fine-specificities studied influenced the extent of radiographic joint damage. Most relevant, although SE-alleles associated with radiographic damage in the total RA population, this association was no longer detectable after stratification for the presence of ACPA. <h3>Conclusions</h3> SE-alleles are instrumental in shaping the ACPA repertoire. However, ACPA fine-specificities formed under the influence of SE-alleles do not seem to affect joint destruction.
Association of mitral valve prolapse and systemic abnormalities of connective tissue. A phenotypic continuum
Authors: M. J. Glesby
Journal: JAMA (1989)

More than half of all patients evaluated in our clinic for the possible diagnosis of a heritable disorder of connective tissue could not be classified in the current nosology, yet they had considerable clinical evidence of a systemic defect of the extracellular matrix. As a group, these patients share many manifestations of the Marfan syndrome including long limbs, deformity of the thoracic cage, striae atrophicae, mitral valve prolapse, and mild dilatation of the aortic root. Clinical clustering did not emerge when patients were stratified by mitral valve prolapse or aortic dilatation. The clinical phenotype of patients with mitral valve prolapse constitutes a continuum, from Marfan syndrome at one extreme to isolated mitral valve prolapse due to myxomatous proliferation of the valve leaflets. In the absence of biochemical or DNA markers, discerning whether a patient with mitral valve prolapse and mild aortic root dilatation (in the absence of ectopia lentis or a family history) has Marfan syndrome, or another heritable disorder of connective tissue, will continue to be a clinical challenge. Until subclassification based on refined clinical, genetic, and laboratory investigations is possible, the patients we describe are best seen as having an "overlap" heritable connective-tissue disorder. We suggest the acronym "MASS phenotype" to emphasize involvement of the mitral valve, aorta, skeleton, and skin. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:523-528)
Identification of elements of urinary sediment with phase-contrast microscopy. A simple method
Authors: L. Brody
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Phase-contrast microscopy is now available for the routine study of urinary sediment. This technical development, first described by Zernike,<sup>1</sup>is easy to use, saves time, and allows us to recognize cells, casts, and other dejecta in the urine with a new order of precision and accuracy. Using bright-field microscopy, with or without stains, it takes a trained, interested nephrologist at least ten minutes to methodically scan the urinary sediment.<sup>2</sup>Less well-trained and less exacting physicians may spend less time at the microscope but usually they rely on junior technicians to report what they see. The physician's lack of confidence in his diagnostic ability is due to the optical limitations of bright-field microscopy, as we shall see. Because he cannot readily identify cells or casts with precision, he has a feeling that looking at the urinary sediment is a pointless exercise of little value to the patient and is