tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cascade of atopic dermatitis comorbidities in children after birth for 15 years
Authors: Ju Hee Kim, Eun Lee, Eun Kyo Ha, Jeewon Shin, Gi Chun Lee, Yeong Ho Rha, Man Yong Han
Journal: Allergy (2023)

Abstract Background Individuals with atopic dermatitis often develop other conditions. Objective This study aimed to determine how atopic dermatitis comorbidities develop in children over time. Methods This population‐based administrative cohort study used national health insurance data. We traced individuals born in Korea between 2002 and 2003 to 2018. The date of initial atopic dermatitis diagnosis was set as the index date. Fifty‐three childhood comorbidities of atopic dermatitis were identified as outcomes of interest by performing a comprehensive literature search and comparing the prevalence of diagnostic codes in children with and without atopic dermatitis. Four control children per individual in the atopic dermatitis group were randomly matched based on sex and index date. The association between atopic dermatitis and the development of each specified disease was assessed using proportional hazard assumption, followed by mapping of the temporal sequences of interconnected comorbidities. Results The atopic dermatitis and control groups contained 67,632 and 270,528 individuals, respectively. The median age at the index date was 10 months, whereas the median follow‐up period was 15 years. Twenty diseases that were associated with a higher risk of atopic dermatitis were identified and a chain of interconnected conditions created. The progression began in childhood with febrile seizures, constipation, and asthma, and was later associated with the emergence of food allergy, allergic rhinitis, psychiatric disorders, and autoimmune diseases. Conclusion Our study highlights the temporal nature of atopic dermatitis comorbidities in children, and indicates that an understanding of the comorbidities may inform its clinical management and treatment.
Anchoring to a Diagnosis?
Authors: Scott K. Aberegg, Jeffrey Graham
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Association Between a State-Level Fat Tax and Fast Food Purchases
Authors: Sumit Agarwal, Pulak Ghosh, Changwei Zhan
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance India faces an increasing obesity problem, including in the Indian state of Kerala in which the fat tax was implemented but was nullified 11 months later. A fat tax, defined as a tax on unhealthy foods, may be associated with changes in food purchases and outcomes for multiple diet-related diseases. Objective To investigate the association between the state-level fat tax and fast food purchases in Kerala, India. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study analyzed a large-scale credit and debit card transaction data set and aggregated this sample at the account-year-month level of fast food purchases in Kerala state and 9 major cities in other Indian states (Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Delhi, Gurgaon, Kolkata, Mumbai, and Surat). Purchase records were obtained for January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017. The association between the fat tax and fast food purchases was examined using the difference-in-differences method. This analysis was initiated on December 1, 2022. Exposures The exposure was the fat tax. Kerala was the exposed group, and 9 major Indian cities were the control group. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was the fast food purchase ratio, defined as the proportion of fast food purchases of the total food purchases. Changes in the fast food purchase ratio were estimated in Kerala across the sample period and then compared with 9 major cities. Results The sample for analysis included 238 015 credit and debit card accounts, of which 36.7% were in Kerala and 63.3% were in 9 major cities. The cardholders included 191 603 males (80.5%) with a mean (SD) age of 36.6 (12.8) years. During the fat tax implementation (August 2016-June 2017), Kerala’s fast food purchase ratio decreased by 3.9 percentage points (β [SE], −0.039 [0.002]; 95% CI, −0.042 to −0.036), compared with 9 major cities. After the fat tax was nullified, the fast food purchase ratio reduced by 5.6 percentage points (γ [SE], −0.056 [0.002]; 95% CI, −0.059 to −0.052) compared with 9 major cities and using the pretax period as the benchmark. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this cohort study suggest that the Kerala fat tax was associated with fewer fast food purchases. Food tax policies need to have an elaborate design, and related issues, such as social inequality, nutritional deficiency, and political concerns, need to be evaluated in future studies.
Anchoring to a Diagnosis?—Reply
Authors: Dan P. Ly, Zirui Song
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Determinants of Achieving Serum Urate Goal with <scp>Treat‐to‐Target Urate‐Lowering</scp> Therapy in Gout
Authors: Lindsay N. Helget, James R. O'Dell, Jeff A. Newcomb, Maria Androsenko, Mary T. Brophy, Anne Davis‐Karim, Bryant R. England, Ryan Ferguson, Michael H. Pillinger, Tuhina Neogi, Paul M. Palevsky, Hongsheng Wu, Bridget Kramer, Ted R. Mikuls
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2023)

Using trial data comparing treat-to-target allopurinol and febuxostat in gout, we examined participant characteristics associated with serum urate (SU) goal achievement.
Doctor Yukhym Pavlovskyi is a loyal patriot of Ukraine
Authors: M.P. Chaban, Z.I. Shevtsova, V.V. Gaponov
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2023)

The article represents the life and professional path of the doctor, enlightener Yukhym Arsentiiovych Pavlovskyi. He began his professional career as a zemstvo doctor in Oleksandrivskyi district. He worked in Katerynoslav (Dnipropetrovsk), Zaporizhzhia region (Bilenke, Velyka Bilozerka villages). The circle of his medical and social environment is considered. The information about the repeated exiles (to the North Caucasus and Karaganda regions) for Ukrainian “nationalist” views has been provided. The fate of his descendants was investigated: his son Stepan (physician) and grandson Borys (historian). The presented material will contribute to the popularization of the figure of the Ukrainian zemstvo doctor-enlightener.
Systematic Assessment of Shock Severity in Postoperative Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Tobias Roeschl, Nils Hinrichs, Matthias Hommel, Boris Pfahringer, Felix Balzer, Volkmar Falk, Benjamin O’Brien, Sascha Christoph Ott, Evgenij Potapov, Felix Schoenrath, Alexander Meyer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)
Intratumoral 99mTc-DPD Uptake on Bone Scintigraphy in a Patient With Invasive Micropapillary Breast Carcinoma: A Pathologic Review
Authors: Namhee Koh, Kyoungyul Lee, Ha Yeun Oh, In Kook Chun
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare and aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a poorer prognosis due to high local recurrence and lymphovascular invasion. Interestingly, IMPC often does not show suspicious patterns of calcifications related to malignancy on mammography. Therefore, the lack of suspicious calcifications makes it difficult to detect breast cancer on mammography. With only nonspecific calcifications on mammography, we observed an unusual intratumoral 99mTc-DPD uptake on whole-body bone scintigraphy in an IMPC breast cancer patient during the initial staging workup, and its characteristics were compared with mammographic findings and the postoperative pathologic features.
Coexistence of FDG-Avid and FDG-Negative Aneurysms in a Patient With Fever of Unknown Origin
Authors: Yuhu Lv, Fuqiang Shao, Qing Jia, Xiaoli Lan, Chunxia Qin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract A 68-year-old man with intermittent fever of unknown origin for 5 months underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT to detect causative lesion. An 18 F-FDG–avid lesion was revealed in the left pelvic iliac vessel region and was highly suggestive of malignancy. One and a half months later, a giant left internal iliac artery aneurysm was identified by CT angiography, corresponding to the 18 F-FDG–avid lesion. Combined with elevated inflammatory markers, he was finally diagnosed as having inflammatory internal iliac artery aneurysm. An abdominal aortic aneurysm with low 18 F-FDG uptake was also identified.
[18F] FDG PET/CT Imaging in a Rare Case of Sarcoidosis With Involvement of Epididymis
Authors: Sarah Algodayan, Dimitrios Priftakis, Francesco Fraioli, Jamshed Bomanji
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Genitourinary involvement of sarcoidosis is an uncommon occurrence. In this report, we present [ 18 F] FDG PET/CT of a young adult man with sarcoidosis involving the epididymis, and we discuss the utility of FDG PET imaging in diagnosis and assessment of response to treatment.
Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy Performed Shortly After Administration of Long-Acting Octreotide
Authors: Han Chung Low, Young Soon Tay, Simon Yew Kuang Ong, Wei Ying Tham, Sean Xuexian Yan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

We present a case of a 68-year-old man with metastatic small bowel neuroendocrine tumor who underwent 4 cycles of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 177 Lu-DOTATATE. For his first 3 cycles, therapy was performed approximately 4 weeks after his last dose of octreotide LAR. Because of miscommunication in scheduling, his fourth cycle was performed only 48 hours after his last full dose of octreotide LAR. Despite this, we found that the tumoral uptake was not reduced at all, which may add to the increasing evidence on the nonnecessity of stopping somatostatin analogs before peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.
Initial Staging and Response Evaluation With 18F-FDG PET/CT in a Rare Case of Nested Variant Urothelial Urethral Cancer
Authors: Somaye Barashki, Atena Aghaee, Azade Sahebkari, Nasim Norouzbeigi, Ramin Sadeghi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Primary urothelial urethral cancer is a relatively infrequent but serious form of cancer in the urinary tract, and nested variant is extremely rare. Until now, no studies have been published regarding 18 F-FDG PET/CT in patients with primary urothelial urethral cancer. In this study, we discussed the role of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in the initial staging, treatment response evaluation, and recurrence assessment of a 53-year-old woman with nested variant urothelial urethral cancer, which could lead to timely diagnosis and evaluation of the extent of involvement, thus achieving the best treatment plan for this group of patients.
68Ga-LNC-1007 PET/CT Imaging in a Patient With Renal Cell Carcinoma Compared With 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT
Authors: Rong Lin, Chao Wang, Fuqi Xu, Jie Zang, Weibing Miao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract A 57-year-old man was incidentally found with 3 lesions located in bilateral kidneys, which were finally diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by postoperative pathology. 68 Ga-LNC-1007, also denoted as 68 Ga-FAPI-RGD, was synthesized from fibroblast activation protein inhibitor-02 (FAPI-02) and cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD), which could target both FAP and integrin α v β 3 . RCC lesions demonstrated only slight 68 Ga-PSMA uptake, but intense tracer uptake on 68 Ga-LNC-1007 PET/CT. This case demonstrates the potential value of 68 Ga-LNC-1007 PET/CT for the evaluation of RCC.
Atypical Presentation of Liver Metastases of Prostate Cancer in 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT
Authors: Susanne Stanzel, Friedrich Weitzer, Elmar Janek, Elisabeth Plhak, Reingard M. Aigner
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

68Ga-PSMA-11 (68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen-11) PET/CT continues to have a great clinical value for staging in prostate cancer. Lymph nodes and bone are the most typical metastatic sites of prostate cancer, whereas liver metastases are rare and usually show focally increased tracer uptake in 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. Here, we present an 88-year-old man with histologically proven metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and extensive PSMA-negative liver metastases identified by 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. This finding is remarkable because the decreased liver uptake of 68Ga-PSMA-11 may resemble a primary hepatic tumor.
A Unique Case of Familial Expansile Osteolysis
Authors: Marika A. Pitot, Stephen M. Broski, Francis Baffour, Garret M. Powell
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Familial expansile osteolysis is an exceedingly rare autosomal dominant bone dysplasia, which can have overlapping features with Paget disease and expansile skeletal hyperphosphatasia. We present a novel case of familial expansile osteolysis evaluated on 99mTc-MDP bone scan with correlative radiographs and CT.
FDG-Avid Granulomatous Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease With Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Authors: Friso M. van der Zant, Remco J. J. Knol
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract A 26-year-old woman with known common variable immunodeficiency was referred for FDG PET/CT because of interstitial pulmonary abnormalities and enlarged mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. FDG PET showed a combination of ground-glass abnormalities and pulmonary nodules, both displaying increased FDG uptake. In addition, multiple FDG-avid axillary, mediastinal, hilar, and inguinal lymph nodes were found. The abnormalities were diagnosed as granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease. Cytology of mediastinal lymph nodes yielded only benign disease, without further specification, whereas histology of an excised axillary lymph node showed reactive changes, but no malignancy.
Incidental Detection of Parathyroid Adenoma on 18F-PSMA PET/CT
Authors: Wouter A. M. Broos, Friso M. van der Zant, Remco J. J. Knol
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

A 70-year-old man, diagnosed with prostate cancer, was referred to the Department of Nuclear Medicine for tumor staging with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT. High PSMA uptake was observed in the prostate without PSMA-avid lymph nodes or distant metastases. Coincidentally, a PSMA-avid nodule was observed dorsal to the right thyroid lobe. A complementary 4-dimensional CT showed a round nodule of 18 mm with quick contrast enhancement well demarcated from its surroundings. Blood tests revealed elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone consistent with primary hyperparathyroidism. Subsequently, parathyroidectomy was performed, and histopathological examination of the nodule confirmed a parathyroid adenoma.
Safety and Efficacy of Atezolizumab/Bevacizumab in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Impaired Liver Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Andrea Pasta, Francesco Calabrese, Ariel Jaffe, Sara Labanca, Simona Marenco, Giulia Pieri, Maria Corina Plaz Torres, Mario Strazzabosco, Edoardo G. Giannini
Journal: Liver Cancer (2023)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Safety and outcome of atezolizumab/bevacizumab in Child-Pugh B patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been completely characterized. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; In this study, we aimed at addressing safety and efficacy of atezolizumab/bevacizumab in Child-Pugh B patients by reviewing the available data and analyzing them by meta-analysis. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; We compared the safety and efficacy of atezolizumab/becavizumab treatment in patients with unresectable HCC and various degrees of liver dysfunction. A total of 8 retrospective, non-randomized, cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis, for a total of 1,071 Child-Pugh A and 225 Child-Pugh B patients. The albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade was also used to assess liver function, when available. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Grade ≥3 adverse events were observed in 11.8% of Child-Pugh class A and 26.8% class B patients (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0001), with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.43 (confidence interval [CI] 0.21–0.90; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.02). Progression-free survival (PFS) at both 6 months (4.90 ± 2.08 vs. 4.75 ± 2.08 months; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0004) and 12 months (8.83 ± 2.32 vs. 7.26 ± 2.33 months; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002) was lower in Child-Pugh class B patients. A trend toward a higher objective response rate (ORR) was observed in Child-Pugh class A patients (219/856, 25.6%) as compared to Child-Pugh class B patients (25/138, 18.1%; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.070), while the probability of obtaining an ORR was significantly greater in Child-Pugh A patients (OR 1.79, CI 1.12–2.86; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.02). Median overall survival (OS) was 16.8 ± 2.0 and 6.8 ± 3.2 months in Child-Pugh A and B patients, respectively (mean difference 9.06 months, CI 7.01–11.1, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; 0.0001). Lastly, OS was longer in patients with ALBI grades 1–2 than in those with grade 3 (8.3 ± 11.4 vs. 3.3 ± 5.0 months, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0008). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Oncological efficacy of atezolizumab/bevacizumab is moderate in Child-Pugh class B patients, and the shorter PFS and OS associated with the greater likelihood of experiencing treatment-related adverse events observed in these patients suggest great caution and individualization of treatment, possibly with the support of the ALBI grade.
Halogenated Antimicrobial Agents to Combat Drug-Resistant Pathogens
Authors: Olajide Sunday Faleye, Bharath Reddy Boya, Jin-Hyung Lee, Inho Choi, Jintae Lee
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2023)

Antimicrobial resistance presents us with a potential global crisis as it undermines the abilities of conventional antibiotics to combat pathogenic microbes. The history of antimicrobial agents is replete with examples of scaffolds containing halogens. In this review, we discuss the impacts of halogen atoms in various antibiotic types and antimicrobial scaffolds and their modes of action, structure-activity relationships, and the contributions of halogen atoms in antimicrobial activity and drug resistance. Other halogenated molecules, including carbohydrates, peptides, lipids, and polymeric complexes, are also reviewed, and the effects of halogenated scaffolds on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and factors affecting antimicrobial and antivirulence activities are presented. Furthermore, the potential of halogenation to circumvent antimicrobial resistance and rejuvenate impotent antibiotics is addressed. This review provides an overview of the significance of halogenation, the abilities of halogens to interact in biomolecular settings and enhance pharmacological properties and their potential therapeutic usages in preventing a post-antibiotic era. <b>Significance Statement</b> Antimicrobial resistance and the increasing impotence of antibiotics are critical threats to global health. The roles and importance of halogens atoms in antimicrobial drug scaffolds have been established, but comparatively little is known of their pharmacological impacts on drug resistance and antivirulence activities. This review is the first to extensively evaluate the roles of halogen atoms in various antibiotic classes and pharmacological scaffolds and to provide an overview of their abilities to overcome antimicrobial resistance.
Coloniality lives on through medical education
Authors: Thirusha Naidu
Journal: BMJ (2023)

The long reach of European colonisation lives on despite many colonised countries having gained political independence.Discriminatory and unjust colonial practices endure through the knowledge, structures, and systems of colonising and settler colonial countries and are replicated in institutions of formerly colonised countries in a powerful condition called coloniality. 1 Medicine was a crucial cog in the colonial machine. 2 -4 Wherever colonisation originated or existed, medical education is still influenced by colonial tenets, shaping future healthcare practitioners and practice.
Radioligand Therapy With 177Lu-PSMA-I&amp;T in Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Mehmet Onur Demirkol, Barış Esen, Hülya Seymen, Melis Şen, Burcu Uçar, Sevgilay Kurtuldu, Nil Molinas Mandel, Sevil Bavbek, Okan Falay, Derya Tilki, Tarık Esen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

This study aimed to investigate the oncological outcomes and toxicity profile of 177 Lu-PSMA-I&T radioligand therapy (RLT) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), as well as our initial experience in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC).A total of 38 consecutive patients with metastatic prostate cancer (33 mCRPC and 5 mHSPC) received 177 Lu-PSMA-I&T RLT, with a median of 2 cycles per patient (range, 1-7). Response to RLT was evaluated based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) changes and imaging response. Clinical progression-free survival and overall survival were used to report oncological outcomes. Toxicity was assessed using the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events criteria.In mCRPC, 22 (69%), 18 (56%), and 11 (34%) patients achieved any PSA decline, PSA response of ≥30%, and PSA response of ≥50%, respectively. The clinical progression-free survival and overall survival after the first cycle of RLT were 6.3 and 21.4 months, respectively. In mHSPC, 177 Lu-PSMA-I&T RLT resulted in excellent PSA response (93.0%-99.9%) in all cases. Clinical progression and cancer-related mortality occurred in only 1 case. Toxicity profile was favorable in both mHSPC and mCRPC.177 Lu-PSMA-I&T RLT demonstrated favorable PSA response (≥30%) in over half of the patients with mCRPC and excellent PSA response in all patients with mHSPC. Toxicity profile was favorable in both mHSPC and mCRPC settings. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of 177 Lu-PSMA-I&T RLT in the management of metastatic prostate cancer.