tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Multiple Measures of Blue and Green Spaces in the United States
Authors: Jochem O. Klompmaker, Jaime E. Hart, Christopher R. Bailey, Matthew H.E.M. Browning, Joan A. Casey, Jared R. Hanley, Christopher T. Minson, S. Scott Ogletree, Alessandro Rigolon, Francine Laden, Peter James
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2023)

BACKGROUND: Several studies have evaluated whether the distribution of natural environments differs between marginalized and privileged neighborhoods.However, most studies restricted their analyses to a single or handful of cities and used different natural environment measures.OBJECTIVES: We evaluated whether natural environments are inequitably distributed based on socioeconomic status (SES) and race/ethnicity in the contiguous United States.METHODS: We obtained SES and race/ethnicity data (2015-2019) for all U.S. Census tracts.For each tract, we calculated the Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI) for 2020, NatureScore (a proprietary measure of the quantity and quality of natural elements) for 2019, park cover for 2020, and blue space for 1984-2018.We used generalized additive models with adjustment for potential confounders and spatial autocorrelation to evaluate associations of SES and race/ethnicity with NDVI, NatureScore, park cover, and odds of containing blue space in all tracts (n = 71,532) and in urban tracts (n = 45,338).To compare effect estimates, we standardized NDVI, NatureScore, and park cover so that beta coefficients presented a percentage increase or decrease of the standard deviation (SD).RESULTS: Tracts with higher SES had higher NDVI, NatureScore, park cover, and odds of containing blue space.For example, urban tracts in the highest median household income quintile had higher NDVI [44.8% of the SD (95% CI: 42.8, 46.8)] and park cover [16.2% of the SD (95% CI: 13.5, 19.0)] compared with urban tracts in the lowest median household income quintile.Across all tracts, a lower percentage of non-Hispanic White individuals and a higher percentage of Hispanic individuals were associated with lower NDVI and NatureScore.In urban tracts, we observed weak positive associations between percentage non-Hispanic Black and NDVI, NatureScore, and park cover; we did not find any clear associations for percentage Hispanics.
Addressing Dementia-Related Behaviors Before, During, and After the Pandemic—Disrupting the Behavior-to-Prescribing Reflex
Authors: Helen C. Kales, Donovan T. Maust, Laura N. Gitlin
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Association Between Race and Receipt of Home- and Community-Based Rehabilitation After Traumatic Brain Injury Among Older Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Jennifer S. Albrecht, Amit Kumar, Jason R. Falvey
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Non-Hispanic Black (hereafter Black) patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) experience worse long-term outcomes and residual disability compared with non-Hispanic White (hereafter White) patients. Receipt of appropriate rehabilitation can improve function among older adults after TBI.
Association of Lipid-Lowering Drugs With Risk of Psoriasis
Authors: Sizheng Steven Zhao, Zenas Z. N. Yiu, Anne Barton, John Bowes
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2023)

Lipid pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and some lipid-lowering drugs, such as statins, are hypothesized to have disease-modifying properties. However, large population-level studies are scarce, and causal interpretation of results from traditional observational designs is limited by confounding.
Values and Preferences of Patients and Caregivers Regarding Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
Authors: Keon Andre Maleki-Yazdi, Anja Fog Heen, Irene X. Zhao, Gordon H. Guyatt, Erica A. Suzumura, Nima Makhdami, Lina Chen, Tonya Winders, Kathryn E. Wheeler, Julie Wang, Jonathan Spergel, Jonathan I. Silverberg, Peck Y. Ong, Monica O’Brien, Stephen A. Martin, Peter A. Lio, Mary Laura Lind, Jennifer LeBovidge, Elaine Kim, Joey Huynh, Matthew Greenhawt, Winfred T. Frazier, Kathy Ellison, Korey Capozza, Anna De Benedetto, Mark Boguniewicz, Wendy Smith Begolka, Rachel Netahe Asiniwasis, Lynda C. Schneider, Derek K. Chu
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2023)

Importance Patient values and preferences can inform atopic dermatitis (AD) care. Systematic summaries of evidence addressing patient values and preferences have not previously been available. Objective To inform American Academy of Allergy, Asthma &amp;amp;amp; Immunology (AAAAI)/American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters AD guideline development, patient and caregiver values and preferences in the management of AD were systematically synthesized. Evidence Review Paired reviewers independently screened MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases from inception until March 20, 2022, for studies of patients with AD or their caregivers, eliciting values and preferences about treatment, rated risk of bias, and extracted data. Thematic and inductive content analysis to qualitatively synthesize the findings was used. Patients, caregivers, and clinical experts provided triangulation. The GRADE-CERQual (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation–Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research) informed rating of the quality of evidence. Findings A total of 7780 studies were identified, of which 62 proved eligible (n = 19 442; median age across studies [range], 15 years [3-44]; 59% female participants). High certainty evidence showed that patients and caregivers preferred to start with nonmedical treatments and to step up therapy with increasing AD severity. Moderate certainty evidence showed that adverse effects from treatment were a substantial concern. Low certainty evidence showed that patients and caregivers preferred odorless treatments that are not visible and have a minimal effect on daily life. Patients valued treatments capable of relieving itching and burning skin and preferred to apply topical corticosteroids sparingly. Patients valued a strong patient-clinician relationship. Some studies presented varied perspectives and 18 were at high risk for industry sponsorship bias. Conclusions and Relevance In the first systematic review to address patient values and preferences in management of AD to our knowledge, 6 key themes that may inform optimal clinical care, practice guidelines, and future research have been identified.
Anesthesiologists Are Integral to Value-Based Surgical Care Reform —Reply
Authors: Caroline E. Richburg, Susan C. Pitt, Lesly A. Dossett
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Relationship of Family Genetic Risk Score With Diagnostic Trajectory in a Swedish National Sample of Incident Cases of Major Depression, Bipolar Disorder, Other Nonaffective Psychosis, and Schizophrenia
Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Henrik Ohlsson, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2023)

Since its inception under Kraepelin in the modern era, diagnostic stability and familial/genetic risk have been among the most important psychiatric nosologic validators.
Critical Analysis of the Klass-02 Randomized Clinical Trial—Reply
Authors: Sang-Yong Son, Hoon Hur, Sang-Uk Han
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Variation in Use of Lung Cancer Targeted Therapies Across State Medicaid Programs, 2020-2021
Authors: Thomas J. Roberts, Aaron S. Kesselheim, Jerry Avorn
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Targeted therapies for EGFR (OMIM 131550 )– and ALK (OMIM 105590 )–altered metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) substantially improve outcomes for some patients. However, use of these therapies is lower among Medicaid patients, and access to oncology care varies across state Medicaid programs. Evidence is lacking on how use of targeted therapies for metastatic NSCLC varies across state Medicaid programs. Objectives To characterize state-level variation in the use of targeted therapies among Medicaid patients with metastatic NSCLC and to describe factors associated with this variation. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used publicly available data from the Medicaid Drug Utilization Database from 2020 and 2021 and peer-reviewed data on NSCLC incidence, the prevalence of EGFR and ALK alterations, and expected treatment durations to estimate expected use of targeted therapies for EGFR- and ALK- altered NSCLC in 33 states. Exposures State-specific Medicaid programs and state policies and characteristics. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the estimated proportion of person-time of Medicaid patients with EGFR - or ALK- altered NSCLC associated with receipt of targeted therapy in each state Medicaid program. Nested linear regression models examined associations between the observed variation and state policies and characteristics. Results There were an estimated 3461 person-years in which EGFR- and ALK- targeted therapies were indicated in 2020 and 2021. During these years, only 2281 person-years of EGFR - and ALK -targeted therapies were dispensed to Medicaid patients, suggesting that an estimated 66% of Medicaid patients with EGFR - and ALK -altered metastatic disease received indicated targeted therapies across all states. Rates of targeted therapy use ranged from 18% in Arkansas to 113% in Massachusetts; 30 of 33 states (91%) had lower rates of targeted therapy use than expected. The observed variation across state Medicaid programs was associated with Medicaid policies, the density of oncologists, and state gross domestic product per capita. Conclusions and Relevance This study suggests that rates of targeted therapy use among Medicaid patients with EGFR- and ALK- altered NSCLC were lower than expected and varied across state Medicaid programs. State policies and characteristics were associated with the observed variation, indicating where interventions could improve access to treatment and outcomes for patients with NSCLC.
Large Cohort Study Finds Possible Association Between Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome and COVID-19 Vaccination but Far Stronger Link With SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2023)

This Medical News story discusses a study that found possible associations between postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Defining Rural in Rural-Urban Differences in Myocardial Infarction Management—Reply
Authors: Khaled M. Ziada, Dustin Hillerson
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Prevalence and Odds of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders and Symptoms in Children and Adults With Alopecia Areata
Authors: Sophie Lauron, Camille Plasse, Marion Vaysset, Bruno Pereira, Michel D’Incan, Fabien Rondepierre, Isabelle Jalenques
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2023)

Two recent meta-analyses reported a high prevalence of both anxiety and depression in patients with alopecia areata (AA), as well as a positive association of AA with anxiety and depression, without distinguishing between disorders and symptoms. Yet, depression and anxiety can manifest either as symptoms identified in questionnaires or as specific diagnoses defined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) or International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision criteria. To perform a large meta-analysis separating the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders from that of depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with AA. PubMed, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception through August 1, 2020. Studies that contained data on the prevalence of depressive or anxiety disorders or symptoms were included. The Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guidelines were used. Pooled prevalence was calculated with a random effects model meta-analysis that took into account between- and within-study variability. Meta-regressions were used to study the association between variations in prevalence and study characteristics. The prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders and symptoms in patients with AA. Thirty-seven articles (29 on depression and 26 on anxiety) that met the inclusion criteria were identified. By distinguishing between disorders and symptoms, the prevalence of both depressive disorders (9%) and unspecified anxiety disorders (13%) in patients with AA was shown to be greater than that in the general population. The prevalence and odds ratio (OR) of depressive disorders (prevalence, 9%; OR, 1.38) and anxiety disorders of which each category had been specifically studied (prevalence, 7%-17%; OR, 1.51-1.69) were markedly lower than that of depressive symptoms (prevalence, 37%; OR, 2.70) and anxiety symptoms (prevalence, 34%; OR, 3.07). Meta-regressions showed that variations in prevalence were mainly associated with methodological differences between studies. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the separate analyses showed that 7% to 17% of patients with AA had depressive or anxiety disorders that require psychiatric care, including specific medication. Additionally, more than one-third of patients had symptoms that are warning signs and that need monitoring because they can develop into disorders.
State Cannabis Legalization and Psychosis-Related Health Care Utilization
Authors: Holly Elser, Keith Humphreys, Mathew V. Kiang, Swapnil Mehta, Jong H. Yoon, William O. Faustman, Ellicott C. Matthay
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Psychosis is a hypothesized consequence of cannabis use. Legalization of cannabis could therefore be associated with an increase in rates of health care utilization for psychosis. Objective To evaluate the association of state medical and recreational cannabis laws and commercialization with rates of psychosis-related health care utilization. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cohort design using state-level panel fixed effects to model within-state changes in monthly rates of psychosis-related health care claims as a function of state cannabis policy level, adjusting for time-varying state-level characteristics and state, year, and month fixed effects. Commercial and Medicare Advantage claims data for beneficiaries aged 16 years and older in all 50 US states and the District of Columbia, 2003 to 2017 were used. Data were analyzed from April 2021 to October 2022. Exposure State cannabis legalization policies were measured for each state and month based on law type (medical or recreational) and degree of commercialization (presence or absence of retail outlets). Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes were rates of psychosis-related diagnoses and prescribed antipsychotics. Results This study included 63 680 589 beneficiaries followed for 2 015 189 706 person-months. Women accounted for 51.8% of follow-up time with the majority of person-months recorded for those aged 65 years and older (77.3%) and among White beneficiaries (64.6%). Results from fully-adjusted models showed that, compared with no legalization policy, states with legalization policies experienced no statistically significant increase in rates of psychosis-related diagnoses (medical, no retail outlets: rate ratio [RR], 1.13; 95% CI, 0.97-1.36; medical, retail outlets: RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.96-1.61; recreational, no retail outlets: RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.93-2.04; recreational, retail outlets: RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.98-1.97) or prescribed antipsychotics (medical, no retail outlets RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.88-1.13; medical, retail outlets: RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.87-1.19; recreational, no retail outlets: RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.84-1.51; recreational, retail outlets: RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.89-1.45). In exploratory secondary analyses, rates of psychosis-related diagnoses increased significantly among men, people aged 55 to 64 years, and Asian beneficiaries in states with recreational policies compared with no policy. Conclusions and Relevance In this retrospective cohort study of commercial and Medicare Advantage claims data, state medical and recreational cannabis policies were not associated with a statistically significant increase in rates of psychosis-related health outcomes. As states continue to introduce new cannabis policies, continued evaluation of psychosis as a potential consequence of state cannabis legalization may be informative.
Rates of Antipsychotic Drug Prescribing Among People Living With Dementia During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hao Luo, Wallis C. Y. Lau, Yi Chai, Carmen Olga Torre, Robert Howard, Kathy Y. Liu, Xiaoyu Lin, Can Yin, Stephen Fortin, David M. Kern, Dong Yun Lee, Rae Woong Park, Jae-Won Jang, Celine S. L. Chui, Jing Li, Christian Reich, Kenneth K. C. Man, Ian C. K. Wong
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2023)

Concerns have been raised that the use of antipsychotic medication for people living with dementia might have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.To examine multinational trends in antipsychotic drug prescribing for people living with dementia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.This multinational network cohort study used electronic health records and claims data from 8 databases in 6 countries (France, Germany, Italy, South Korea, the UK, and the US) for individuals aged 65 years or older between January 1, 2016, and November 30, 2021. Two databases each were included for South Korea and the US.The introduction of population-wide COVID-19 restrictions from April 2020 to the latest available date of each database.The main outcomes were yearly and monthly incidence of dementia diagnosis and prevalence of people living with dementia who were prescribed antipsychotic drugs in each database. Interrupted time series analyses were used to quantify changes in prescribing rates before and after the introduction of population-wide COVID-19 restrictions.A total of 857 238 people with dementia aged 65 years or older (58.0% female) were identified in 2016. Reductions in the incidence of dementia were observed in 7 databases in the early phase of the pandemic (April, May, and June 2020), with the most pronounced reduction observed in 1 of the 2 US databases (rate ratio [RR], 0.30; 95% CI, 0.27-0.32); reductions were also observed in the total number of people with dementia prescribed antipsychotic drugs in France, Italy, South Korea, the UK, and the US. Rates of antipsychotic drug prescribing for people with dementia increased in 6 databases representing all countries. Compared with the corresponding month in 2019, the most pronounced increase in 2020 was observed in May in South Korea (Kangwon National University database) (RR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.47-3.02) and June in the UK (RR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.24-3.09). The rates of antipsychotic drug prescribing in these 6 databases remained high in 2021. Interrupted time series analyses revealed immediate increases in the prescribing rate in Italy (RR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.08-1.58) and in the US Medicare database (RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.20-1.71) after the introduction of COVID-19 restrictions.This cohort study found converging evidence that the rate of antipsychotic drug prescribing to people with dementia increased in the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the 6 countries studied and did not decrease to prepandemic levels after the acute phase of the pandemic had ended. These findings suggest that the pandemic disrupted the care of people living with dementia and that the development of intervention strategies is needed to ensure the quality of care.