tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Measures of Neighborhood Opportunity and Adherence to Recommended Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Janani Ramachandran, Stephanie L. Mayne, Mary Kate Kelly, Maura Powell, Katie E. McPeak, George Dalembert, Brian P. Jenssen, Alexander G. Fiks
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Neighborhood conditions are known to broadly impact child health. Research to date has not examined the association of the Childhood Opportunity Index (COI), a multidimensional indicator of neighborhood environment conditions, specifically with pediatric primary care outcomes. Objective To determine the association of neighborhood opportunity measured by the COI with health metrics commonly captured clinically in pediatric primary care, reflecting both access to preventive care and child well-being. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional observational study used electronic health record data from a large pediatric primary care network in the northeastern US. Participants included patients aged 0 to 19 years who were active in the primary care network between November 2020 and November 2022. Data were analyzed in December 2022. Exposure Census tract–level COI overall score (in quintiles). Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes included up-to-date preventive care and immunization status and presence of obesity, adolescent depression and suicidality, and maternal depression and suicidality. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regressions estimated associations of these outcomes with COI quintiles, adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, and insurance type. Results Among 338 277 patients (mean [SD] age, 9.8 [5.9] years; 165 223 female [48.8%]; 158 054 [46.7%] non-Hispanic White, 209 482 [61.9%] commercially insured), 81 739 (24.2%) and 130 361 (38.5%) lived in neighborhoods of very low and very high COI, respectively. Living in very high COI neighborhoods (vs very low COI) was associated with higher odds of being up-to-date on preventive visits (odds ratio [OR], 1.40; 95% CI, 1.32-1.48) and immunizations (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.58-2.00), and with lower odds of obesity (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.52-0.58), adolescent depression (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.72-0.84) and suicidality (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.73-0.85), and maternal depression (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.72-0.86) and suicidality (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.61-0.83). Conclusions and Relevance This cross-sectional study of electronic health record data found that neighborhood opportunity was associated with multiple pediatric primary care outcomes. Understanding these associations can help health systems identify neighborhoods that need additional support and advocate for and develop partnerships with community groups to promote child well-being. The findings underscore the importance of improving access to preventive care in low COI communities.
HeLa Cases Prompt More Thinking on Ethics
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2023)

The descendants of Henrietta Lacks recently settled their lawsuit with Thermo Fisher Scientific and filed another one against Ultragenyx regarding its use of Lacks's cells, dubbed HeLa cells, for scientific and medical use without her permission. Legal experts say the settlement should prompt researchers to think about how their ethics and biopharmaceutical companies to be mindful of how they acquire biospecimens to help prevent similar lawsuits in the future.
Time to Benefit of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Among Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: KangYu Chen, Zhiqiang Nie, Rui Shi, Dahai Yu, Qi Wang, Fang Shao, Guohong Wu, Zhenqiang Wu, Tao Chen, Chao Li
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Emerging evidence has consistently demonstrated that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of heart failure (HF) hospitalization and cardiovascular (CV) death among patients with HF. However, it remains unclear how long a patient needs to live to potentially benefit from SGLT2 inhibitors in this population. Objectives To estimate the time to benefit from SGLT2 inhibitors among patients with HF. Design, Setting, and Participants This comparative effectiveness study systematically searched PubMed for completed randomized clinical trials about SGLT2 inhibitors and patients with HF published until September 5, 2022; 5 trials with the year of publication ranging from 2019 to 2022 were eventually included. Statistical analysis was performed from April to October 2022. Intervention Addition of SGLT2 inhibitors or placebo to guideline-recommended therapy. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the time to first event of CV death or worsening HF, which was broadly comparable across the included trials. Results Five trials consisting of 21 947 patients with HF (7837 [35.7%] were female; mean or median age older than 65 years within each trial) were included. SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of worsening HF or CV death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.73-0.82]). Time to first nominal statistical significance ( P &amp;amp;lt; .05) was 26 days (0.86 months), and statistical significance was sustained from day 118 (3.93 months) onwards. A mean of 0.19 (95% CI, 0.12-0.35) months were needed to prevent 1 worsening HF or CV death per 500 patients with SGLT2 inhibitors (absolute risk reduction [ARR], 0.002). Likewise, 0.66 (95% CI, 0.43-1.13) months was estimated to avoid 1 event per 200 patients with SGLT2 inhibitors (ARR, 0.005), 1.74 (95% CI, 1.07-2.61) months to avoid 1 event per 100 patients (ARR, 0.010), and 4.96 (95% CI, 3.18-7.26) months to avoid 1 event per 50 patients (ARR, 0.020). Further analyses indicated a shorter time to benefit for HF hospitalization and among patients with diabetes or HF with reduced ejection fraction. Conclusions and Relevance In this comparative effectiveness research study of estimating the time to benefit from SGLT2 inhibitors among patients with HF, a rapid clinical benefit in reducing CV death or worsening HF was found, suggesting that their use may be beneficial for most individuals with HF.
From the Heart
Authors: Amanda C. Garfinkel, Anand Vaidya, Judith Strymish, Stephen M. Brecher, Jussi Saukkonen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

A 59-year-old man presented to the hospital with crampy abdominal pain on the left side, irritability, and confusion that had begun 2 days before the current presentation. . . .
In Defense of Neuroendocrine Tumor Trials—Reply
Authors: Brian W. Labadie, Antonio Tito Fojo
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Case 26-2023: A 15-Year-Old Girl with Abdominal Pain and an Ovarian Mass
Authors: Andrea L. Zuckerman, Ali Pourvaziri, David H. Ebb, Baris Boyraz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

A 15-year-old girl was evaluated for abdominal pain and leukocytosis. Ultrasonography revealed ascites and a large mass that was inseparable from the right ovary. A diagnosis was made.
Letter to the editor: Bias in the vaccine effectiveness estimates of one-dose post-exposure prophylaxis against mpox
Authors: Catharina E van Ewijk, Susan JM Hahné
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2023)

Preview this article: Letter to the editor: Bias in the vaccine effectiveness estimates of one-dose post-exposure prophylaxis against mpox, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/28/34/eurosurv-28-34-4-1.gif
Correction: PD-1 blockade and CDK4/6 inhibition augment nonoverlapping features of T cell activation in cancer
Authors: Lestat R. Ali, Ana C. Garrido-Castro, Patrick J. Lenehan, Naima Bollenrucher, Courtney T. Stump, Michael Dougan, Shom Goel, Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Sara M. Tolaney, Stephanie K. Dougan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2023)

This study included five patients with breast cancer and one patient with ovarian cancer.The authors regret that in the originally published article, the patient with ovarian cancer was incorrectly identified as "P3" due to an error while renumbering the internal patient identifiers.The patient with ovarian cancer is patient P4.This has been corrected in Fig. 1, D and G, in which the marker § now denotes P4.Fig. S2, D andE, has been replaced with data from patient P4, and the patient identifier numbers in F were updated for consistency.In addition, this patient had only eight pre-existing (PE) clonotypes, so the text at the end of the fourth Results and discussion paragraph has been modified as follows: "In subgroup analyses, we had insufficient PE cells from the patient with ovarian cancer to power any conclusions about differences driven by disease (Fig. S2, D andE).
Reliability and agreement testing of a new automated measurement method to determine facial vitiligo extent using standardized ultraviolet images and a dedicated algorithm
Authors: Quentin Marin Dit Bertoud, Clémence Bertold, Khaled Ezzedine, Amit G Pandya, Marie Cherel, Alejandro Castillo Martinez, Marie-Anne Seguy, Marwa Abdallah, Jung Min Bae, Markus Böhm, Davinder Parsad, David Rosmarin, Albert Wolkerstorfer, Philippe Bahadoran, Manon Blaise, Pierre-Michel Dugourd, Valérie Philippo, Jean-Michel Delaval, Thierry Passeron
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Facial repigmentation is the primary outcome measure for most vitiligo trials. The Facial Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (F-VASI) score is often chosen as the primary outcome measure to assess the efficacy of treatments for facial vitiligo. Although useful, this scoring system remains subjective and has several limitations.
Control of tissue homeostasis by the extracellular matrix: Synthetic heparan sulfate as a promising therapeutic for periodontal health and bone regeneration
Authors: P. A. Miguez, E. Bash, M. L. Musskopf, S. A. Tuin, A. Rivera‐Concepcion, I. L. C. Chapple, J. Liu
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2023)

Abstract Proteoglycans are core proteins associated with carbohydrate/sugar moieties that are highly variable in disaccharide composition, which dictates their function. These carbohydrates are named glycosaminoglycans, and they can be attached to proteoglycans or found free in tissues or on cell surfaces. Glycosaminoglycans such as hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and heparin/heparan sulfate have multiple functions including involvement in inflammation, immunity and connective tissue structure, and integrity. Heparan sulfate is a highly sulfated polysaccharide that is abundant in the periodontium including alveolar bone. Recent evidence supports the contention that heparan sulfate is an important player in modulating interactions between damage associated molecular patterns and inflammatory receptors expressed by various cell types. The structure of heparan sulfate is reported to dictate its function, thus, the utilization of a homogenous and structurally defined heparan sulfate polysaccharide for modulation of cell function offers therapeutic potential. Recently, a chemoenzymatic approach was developed to allow production of many structurally defined heparan sulfate carbohydrates. These oligosaccharides have been studied in various pathological inflammatory conditions to better understand their function and their potential application in promoting tissue homeostasis. We have observed that specific size and sulfation patterns can modulate inflammation and promote tissue maintenance including an anabolic effect in alveolar bone. Thus, new evidence provides a strong impetus to explore heparan sulfate as a potential novel therapeutic agent to treat periodontitis, support alveolar bone maintenance, and promote bone formation.
Error in Box 1
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Emily G. McDonald, MD, MSc; Gloria Aggrey, MD; Abdullah Tarık Aslan, MD; Michael Casias, PharmD, BCIDP, AAHIVP; Nicolas Cortes-Penfield, MD; Mei Qin (Denise) Dong, PharmD; Susan Egbert, PharmD; Brent Footer, PharmD; Burcu Isler, MD; Madeline King, PharmD; Mira Maximos, PharmD, MSc, ACPR; Terence C. Wuerz, MD, MSc; Ahmed Abdul Azim, MD; Jhongert Alza-Arcila, MD; Anthony D. Bai, MD; Michelle Blyth, MD, MSPH; Tom Boyles, MD; Juan Caceres, MD; Devin Clark, MD; Kusha Davar, MD, MBA, MS; Justin T. Denholm, BMed, PhD; Graeme Forrest, MBBS; Bassam Ghanem, PharmD, MS, BCPS; Stefan Hagel, MD, MS; Alexandra Hanretty, PharmD; Fergus Hamilton, MD; Philipp Jent, MD; Minji Kang, MD; Geena Kludjian, PharmD, BCIDP; Tim Lahey, MD, MMSc; Jonathan Lapin, PharmD; Rachael Lee, MD, MSPH; Timothy Li, MD; Dhara Mehta, PharmD, BCIDP; Jessica Moore, PharmD, MS; Clayton Mowrer, DO, MBA; Georges Ouellet, MD; Rebecca Reece, MD; Jonathan H. Ryder, MD; Alexandre Sanctuaire, PharmD, MSc; James M. Sanders, PharmD, PhD; Bobbi Jo Stoner, PharmD, BCPS; Jessica M. So, MD, MS, MPH; Jean-François Tessier, BSc, MSc; Raghavendra Tirupathi, MD; Steven Y. C. Tong, MBBS, PhD; Noah Wald-Dickler, MD; Arsheena Yassin, PharmD; Christina Yen, MD; Brad Spellberg, MD; Todd C. Lee, MD, MPH
Correction: Sepsis, a call for inclusion in the work plan of the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control
Authors: Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Annelies S. Zinkernagel, Edoardo De Robertis, Élie Azoulay, Daniele De Luca, Antonio Artigas, Luregn J Schlapbach, Ron Daniels, Konrad Reinhart, Jesús Rodríguez Baño, Kai Zacharowski, Maurizio Cecconi
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2023)
Endogenous adenine mediates kidney injury in diabetic models and predicts diabetic kidney disease in patients
Authors: Kumar Sharma, Guanshi Zhang, Jens Hansen, Petter Bjornstad, Hak Joo Lee, Rajasree Menon, Leila Hejazi, Jian-Jun Liu, Anthony Franzone, Helen C. Looker, Byeong Yeob Choi, Roman Fernandez, Manjeri A. Venkatachalam, Luxcia Kugathasan, Vikas S. Sridhar, Loki Natarajan, Jing Zhang, Varun S. Sharma, Brian Kwan, Sushrut S. Waikar, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Katherine R. Tuttle, Bryan Kestenbaum, Tobias Fuhrer, Harold I. Feldman, Ian H. de Boer, Fabio C. Tucci, John Sedor, Hiddo Lambers Heerspink, Jennifer Schaub, Edgar A. Otto, Jeffrey B. Hodgin, Matthias Kretzler, Christopher R. Anderton, Theodore Alexandrov, David Cherney, Su Chi Lim, Robert G. Nelson, Jonathan Gelfond, Ravi Iyengar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2023)

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and mortality; however, few mechanistic biomarkers are available for high-risk patients, especially those without macroalbuminuria. Urine from participants with diabetes from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study, the Singapore Study of Macro-angiopathy and Micro-vascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes (SMART2D), and the American Indian Study determined whether urine adenine/creatinine ratio (UAdCR) could be a mechanistic biomarker for ESKD. ESKD and mortality were associated with the highest UAdCR tertile in the CRIC study and SMART2D. ESKD was associated with the highest UAdCR tertile in patients without macroalbuminuria in the CRIC study, SMART2D, and the American Indian study. Empagliflozin lowered UAdCR in nonmacroalbuminuric participants. Spatial metabolomics localized adenine to kidney pathology, and single-cell transcriptomics identified ribonucleoprotein biogenesis as a top pathway in proximal tubules of patients without macroalbuminuria, implicating mTOR. Adenine stimulated matrix in tubular cells via mTOR and stimulated mTOR in mouse kidneys. A specific inhibitor of adenine production was found to reduce kidney hypertrophy and kidney injury in diabetic mice. We propose that endogenous adenine may be a causative factor in DKD.
Use of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots for Cancer Treatment Information
Authors: Shan Chen, Benjamin H. Kann, Michael B. Foote, Hugo J. W. L. Aerts, Guergana K. Savova, Raymond H. Mak, Danielle S. Bitterman
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

This survey study examines the performance of a large language model chatbot in providing cancer treatment recommendations that are concordant with National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines.
Missing Components of Receptor Status Among Women With Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Julie A. Stephens, James L. Fisher, Robert Wesolowski, Electra D. Paskett
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

There are well-known differences in patient outcomes and effective therapeutic options across subtypes of breast cancer (BC), defined by the status of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2 [formerly HER2]) expression, making testing for these receptors part of the routine workup for all patients with a diagnosis of invasive BC. Despite its importance, this information is missing in some BC cases.
In Defense of Neuroendocrine Tumor Trials
Authors: Jonathan Strosberg, Taymeyah Al-Toubah, Mauro Cives
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
The microbiome landscape in pediatric Crohn’s disease and therapeutic implications
Authors: Karin Fetter, Markus Weigel, Benjamin Ott, Moritz Fritzenwanker, Sebastian Stricker, Jan de Laffolie, Torsten Hain
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and a pathological immune response in intestinal tissues form the basis of Crohn’s disease (CD), which is a debilitating disease with relevant morbidity and mortality. It is increasing in childhood and adolescents, due to western life-style and nutrition and a large set of predisposing genetic factors. Crohn’s disease-associated genetic mutations play an essential role in killing pathogens, altering mucosal barrier function, and protecting the host microbiome, suggesting an important pathogenic link. The intestinal microbiome is highly variable and can be influenced by environmental factors. Changes in microbial composition and a reduction in species diversity have been shown to be central features of disease progression and are therefore the target of therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the role of the gut microbiome in childhood, adolescent, and adult CD, current therapeutic options, and their impact on the microbiome.
Evolution of Partial Resistance to Artemisinins in Malaria Parasites in Uganda
Authors: Melissa D. Conrad, Victor Asua, Shreeya Garg, David Giesbrecht, Karamoko Niaré, Sawyer Smith, Jane F. Namuganga, Thomas Katairo, Jennifer Legac, Rebecca M. Crudale, Patrick K. Tumwebaze, Samuel L. Nsobya, Roland A. Cooper, Moses R. Kamya, Grant Dorsey, Jeffrey A. Bailey, Philip J. Rosenthal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

Partial resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to the artemisinin component of artemisinin-based combination therapies, the most important malaria drugs, emerged in Southeast Asia and now threatens East Africa. Partial resistance, which manifests as delayed clearance after therapy, is mediated principally by mutations in the kelch protein K13 (PfK13). Limited longitudinal data are available on the emergence and spread of artemisinin resistance in Africa. We performed annual surveillance among patients who presented with uncomplicated malaria at 10 to 16 sites across Uganda from 2016 through 2022. We sequenced the gene encoding kelch 13 (pfk13) and analyzed relatedness using molecular methods. We assessed malaria metrics longitudinally in eight Ugandan districts from 2014 through 2021. By 2021-2022, the prevalence of parasites with validated or candidate resistance markers reached more than 20% in 11 of the 16 districts where surveillance was conducted. The PfK13 469Y and 675V mutations were seen in far northern Uganda in 2016-2017 and increased and spread thereafter, reaching a combined prevalence of 10 to 54% across much of northern Uganda, with spread to other regions. The 469F mutation reached a prevalence of 38 to 40% in one district in southwestern Uganda in 2021-2022. The 561H mutation, previously described in Rwanda, was first seen in southwestern Uganda in 2021, reaching a prevalence of 23% by 2022. The 441L mutation reached a prevalence of 12 to 23% in three districts in western Uganda in 2022. Genetic analysis indicated local emergence of mutant parasites independent of those in Southeast Asia. The emergence of resistance was observed predominantly in areas where effective malaria control had been discontinued or transmission was unstable. Data from Uganda showed the emergence of partial resistance to artemisinins in multiple geographic locations, with increasing prevalence and regional spread over time. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.).