P344: THE DUAL BCL-2 AND BCL-XL INHIBITOR AZD4320 SHOWS ON-TARGET ACTIVITY IN ALL AND ACTS SYNERGISTICALLY WITH MCL-1 INHIBITION
Authors: M. C. Wichert, A. Niedermayer, S. Enzenmüller, K.-M. Debatin, L. H. Meyer, F. Seyfried
Journal: HemaSphere (2022)

Background: Targeting anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins by BH3-mimetics has become a promising treatment strategy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Heterogeneous activity of the selective BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax has been observed, but other anti-apoptotic proteins including BCL-XL promote venetoclax insensitivity. In clinical trials, targeting BCL-XL has previously resulted in a dose-limiting decrease of platelets. AZD4320 was developed as a dual inhibitor of BCL-2 and BCL-XL, and its dendrimer conjugate (AZD0466) was recently reported to demonstrate anti-tumor activity in hematological cancer models, while showing only a transient thrombocytopenia. Aims: In this study, the anti-leukemia activities of the dual BCL-2 and BCL-XL inhibitor AZD4320 and of MCL-1-selective AZD5991 were evaluated and compared to the effects of other BH3-mimetics (BCL-2-selective venetoclax, BCL-XL-selective A-1331852 and MCL-1-selective S63845). The on-target activity of the inhibitors was functionally characterized and combination effects were analyzed. Methods: Cell viability assays were performed in ALL cell lines and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) samples analyzing half maximal effective concentrations (EC50). Protein complexes and expression of apoptosis regulators were analyzed by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. Dynamic BH3 profiling using synthetic BH3-peptides was performed to determine the dependency of ALL cells on BCL-2 family proteins. Combination effects were assessed by dose-response matrix analyses. Results: First, we determined the efficacy of the dual BCL-2 and BCL-XL inhibitor AZD4320 and of the MCL-1 inhibitor AZD5991 for cell death induction in seven B-cell precursor (BCP) ALL cell lines and in a series of 13 PDX samples, showing heterogeneous responses. Interestingly, sensitivities of individual samples to both compounds were not associated with each other. However, we found a significant correlation of sensitivity to the dual inhibitor (AZD4320) with BCL-2 inhibition (venetoclax; N=13; rs=0.56; p=0.049), but no association with BCL-XL inhibition (A-1331852). Analyzing activities of all five BH3-mimetics including venetoclax, we found lowest EC50 values for AZD4320, indicating particular sensitivity for this dual inhibitor as compared to the single inhibitors (p<0.001). Investigating dependencies of ALL cells on BCL-2 family proteins by dynamic BH3 profiling, we found a shift towards MCL-1-dependence upon exposure to AZD4320, while AZD5991 induced an increased combined dependence on BCL-2 and BCL-XL, indicating potential synergistic activity of triple inhibition. Using co-immunoprecipitation analyses, we found that the exposure of ALL cells to AZD4320 reduced binding of both BCL-2 and BCL-XL to BIM, confirming on-target activity. Moreover, AZD5991 reduced binding of BIM to MCL-1. Accordingly, combined treatment with both inhibitors results in the release of BIM and downstream apoptosis signaling. Assessing combinatorial treatment in a primary PDX sample using multi-dose matrix analyses of both inhibitors revealed a positive mean Bliss synergy score of +4.8 indicating synergistic activity. Importantly, the highest synergism was found at low concentrations of both inhibitors, suggesting efficacy at moderate concentrations, which could potentially be achieved in vivo. Summary/Conclusion: In summary, our study demonstrates sensitivity, on-target activity and synergism of the dual BCL-2 and BCL-XL inhibitor AZD4320 with inhibition of MCL-1, thereby providing strong evidence for further clinical evaluation in ALL.