tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Phospho-S6 as a Biomarker of Sensitivity in BRAF-Mutant MelanomaTo identify biomarkers of sensitivity in BRAF-mutant melanoma, Corcoran and colleagues evaluated 16 BRAF V600E-mutant melanoma cell lines for sensitivity to selective RAF or MEK inhibitors.Although inhibition of pERK was necessary, it was not sufficient to predict sensitivity to MAPK inhibition; suppression of pS6 (pRPS6), downstream of TORC1, correlated robustly with sensitivity.Furthermore, maintenance of ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation after pharmacologic inhibition of RAF or MEK was observed in therapy-refractory BRAF-mutant cell lines irrespective of their ability to suppress pERK, suggesting that pS6 levels may be a broader biomarker of resistance.Subsequently, the investigators knocked down TSC2 ina BRAF-mutant sensitive cellline as a means to activate TORC1, observing a significant decrease in the apoptotic response to each inhibitor.Additionally, inhibition of TORC1 signaling in resistant cells restored the apoptotic response to RAF inhibition.Similar downregulation of mTORC1 and increased apoptosis were seen using an inhibitor of PI3K (a regulator of mTORC1) in combination with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib in cell lines exhibitingERK-independentresistancetoMAPKpathwayinhibitors.Expression of the BH3-only protein PUMA (BBC3) was specifically induced in response to BRAF inhibition (using vemurafenib), and PUMA knockdown significantly reduced the apoptotic response to vemurafenib, suggesting that TORC activity regulates PUMA as a major effector of apoptosis in BRAF-mutant melanoma cells.To validate this observation, the investigators showed that combining vemurafenib and the BH3 mimetic ABT263 promoted apoptosis in vemurafenib-insensitive melanoma cells.In vivo studies showed that pS6 suppression, unlike suppression of pERK, predicted drug sensitivity to MAPK inhibition and distinguished between sensitive and resistant melanoma xenografts.Real-time pS6 and pERK assessment was prospectively evaluated in 2 patients treated with RAF inhibitor therapy, followed by evaluation of changes in pS6 levels in paired biopsies.Reduction in pS6 levels after treatment correlated strongly with patient outcome.These data suggest that levels of pS6 may predict response to therapy for BRAF-mutant melanoma, a correlation that requires validation in a larger cohort of patients.
Bilateral injuries in childhood: an altering sign?
Authors: S A Laing
Journal: BMJ (1977)

some studies.As an example of a possible relationship between malignant lymphoma and PMR on this ground they refer to a case described by usI in which malignant lymphoma occurred four years after the diagnosis of PMR was made.Among our 54 patients with PMR we have recently reported another case', in which chronic lymphatic leukaemia developed five years after the onset of typical PMR.In this patient lymphocytic infiltration was detected in renal, liver, and muscle biopsy specimens at the time of diagnosis of PMR, when the number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and bone marrow was normal.The significance of the combination of the two diseases in this patient is unclear.It may simply be the coincidental coexistence of two diseases, both relatively common in elderly people.However, the clinical course does point to a more direct relationship.Histocompatibility antigens have been studied in patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia, but, so far as I know, no increase in any specific HLA haplotype has been shown.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

The CD20 antigen is an effective target in &gt;90% of B-cell lymphomas. To achieve more rapid, higher contrast imaging of B-cells, compared to the full antibody, Natarajan and colleagues developed a novel 10 kDa anti-CD20 fibronectin (FN3) binder to monitor therapy. 64Cu-FN3CD20 was evaluated in a humanized CD20 transgenic mouse model for PET imaging. This PET tracer shows high specificity and exhibited a target tissue-to-blood ratio of 13-fold at 4 h. At 4h, 64Cu-FN3CD20 shows ten-fold greater signal-to-background than the 64Cu-rituximab antibody radiotracer. Thus, 64Cu-FN3CD20 tracer shows significant clinical promise for imaging early after tracer injection of lymphoma patients.The failure of conventional chemotherapeutic agents on survival of patients with pancreatic cancer highlights an urgent need for novel treatment strategies. STAT3 plays a critical role in pancreatic cancer initiation and progression and represents a novel therapeutic target. However, STAT3 occupies a point of convergence for many signaling pathways; blockade of existed upstream signaling to STAT3 activation are not sufficient to abrogate STAT3 activation. This study identified HAb18G/CD147 as a novel upstream activator in STAT3-mediated pancreatic tumor development by forming signaling complex with CD44s. Furthermore, we showed that pancreatic cancer patients with high co-expression of HAb18G/CD147-CD44s-STAT3 had poor prognosis. This information is valuable for a better understanding of the relationship between inflammation and pancreatic cancer initiation and progression induced by STAT3. Our results also suggest HAb18G/CD147 as a novel therapeutic target for highly aggressive pancreatic cancer and as a surrogate marker in clinical trials of molecular therapy targeting STAT3.PDGFR, VEGF, and VEGF-R are overexpressed in soft tissue sarcomas and VEGF-R targeted therapies have shown activity in advanced disease. To explore the role of an antiangiogenic agent combined with chemoradiotherapy in patients with high-risk extremity soft tissue sarcomas, Meyer and colleagues designed a phase I trial of sorafenib in combination with epirubicin, ifosfamide, and hypofractionated radiation. The maximum tolerated dose of sorafenib was 400 mg daily. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was investigated as an imaging modality to assess early response to therapy, which showed a correlation between the biomarker ΔKtrans and histologic necrosis at the time of surgery.The translation of preclinically validated biomarkers to the clinical setting to assess the activity of targeted therapy is of crucial importance for drug development. Yan and colleagues examined the impact of the catalytic Akt inhibitor GDC-0068 on preclinical models and derived a ten-biomarker set of Akt inhibition. The behavior of these biomarkers was tested in pre- and on-treatment tumor biopsies from patients treated with GDC-0068 and confirmed that GDC-0068 is biologically active at clinically achievable concentrations. The application of this approach may be useful for the clinical development of other targeted compounds.
Effect of Temperature Upon Craniocerebral Trauma
Authors: William F. Bouzarth
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Severe mechanical trauma to the brain is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Vigorous treatment must be started immediately if the patient's prognosis is to be improved. Recently, Rosomoff and co-workers<sup>1</sup>revived interest in hypothermia as a therapeutic tool by their experimental observations on animals. Lazorthes and Campan,<sup>2</sup>in France, were able to reduce mortality rates in human patients by artificial hibernation, and this technique has become an acceptable adjunct to the treatment of brain injury.<sup>3</sup> In 1961, one of us (W.F.B.) began to treat every patient having severe brain injury with immediate hypothermia. Surface cooling was started in the emergency room to reduce the rectal temperature to 87.8 F (31 C) within 90 minutes. Of 14 consecutive patients, ten harbored subdural hematomas. This was a much higher incidence than reported in a larger series<sup>4</sup>not treated with hypothermia. In addition, hyperthermia was
Will Subsidiarity Work for Long-Term Care?
Authors: W B Harbert
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1994)

New financial and organization arrangements are changing the distribution of authority and power in the public service affecting managers, professionals and governing committees. The need for new roles like budget holding general practitioners, advocates, brokers and care managers are becoming recognized; traditional professional practice based on narrowly defined skills with the danger of a no-man's land between them is giving way to management arrangements that offer greater recognition of the needs of service users and their families. If the role of care manager and the new arrangements for assessment occur, much of the power now exercised by local authority members and by centrally based managers in local government will in the long-term be devolved locally to care managers. Various key issues are identified. Comprehensive multi-professional assessment is vital, with the results available to all groups of professionals so that a common voice can be presented to government circles in the future. Three broad areas need to be considered in the future implementation of long-term care. Firstly, some of the implications for assessment processes of the changes now taking place in community care will be described. Factors that inhibit good assessment will be discussed as well as key issues that also need to be addressed.
Twelve Kidney Donors
Authors: Carl H. Fellner
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Twelve renal homotransplantation donors were interviewed in depth between five weeks and 18 months after surgery. Unexpected findings were (1) the decision-making process about donorship did not at all follow a pattern compatible with the concept of "informed consent" but occurred as an instantaneous, irrational response which subsequently was justified and maintained with the aid of a number of defensive techniques; and (2) the prevalent idea that the organ donor makes a major sacrifice without getting anything of significance in return was not true for our subjects who looked back upon it not as a disruptive, but as an integrative experience.
Splenectomy in Renal Transplantation
Authors: John E. Woods
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A retrospective study of renal allografted patients revealed that the incidence of azathioprine (Imuran)-induced leukopenia in nonsplenectomized patients was significantly higher than in patients splenectomized prior to transplantation. In two patients whose case histories are presented, there was a marked increase in tolerance to azathioprine when splenectomy was performed for leukopenia after transplantation.
Arabic and Latin Anatomical Terminology Chiefly from the Middle Ages.
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Controlled Study of Influence on Newborn of Prolonged Premature Rupture of Amniotic Membranes and/or Infection in the Mother
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Olfactory Meningiomas
Authors: Louis Bakay
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Olfactory meningiomas are benign, slow-growing intracranial tumors arising from the dura along the cribriform plate. The first clinical symptom is anosmia followed, usually after several years, by dementia and visual deterioration. A series of 36 patients are presented; in all cases but one, their conditions were diagnosed late and not until the tumor had reached a very large size. By the time the proper diagnosis was made and the tumors were surgically removed, mental or visual disability was often irreversible. Conditions of patients initially seen with anosmia should be investigated by presently available noninvasive diagnostic methods including computed tomographic scanning. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:53-55)
Diseases of the Eye. A Handbook of Ophthalmic Practice for Students and Practitioners.
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Особливості психоневрологічних розладів у хворих із часто рецидивуючою виразковою хворобою дванадцятипалої кишки
Authors: V.M. Kulayets
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2014)

Метою дослідження було провести комплексну оцінку психоневрологічного статусу, зокрема депресивних і тривожних розладів, рівня соціальної дезадаптації, алекситимії у хворих із часто рецидивуючою виразковою хворобою дванадцятипалої кишки (ВХ ДПК). Обстежено 25 хворих із виразковою хворобою дванадцятипалої кишки віком від 21 до 55 років, які перебували на стаціонарному лікуванні на базі гастроентерологічного відділення обласної клінічної лікарні, а також 15 здорових осіб, які відповідали клінічній групі за віковим та статевим складом. Діагноз ВХ ДПК установлювали відповідно до стандартизованих протоколів діагностики та лікування хвороб органів травлення згідно з наказом МОЗ України № 271 від 13.06.2005.Для оцінки психоневрологічного статусу використовували шкалу Гамільтона для оцінки депресії (HDRS) і тривоги (HARS), яку заповнювали шляхом клінічного інтерв’ю. Для визначення стресонаповненості життєвих подій у морфогенезі виразкової хвороби використовували порівняльну шкалу соціальної адаптації T. Холмса — P. Раха в модифікації Marx et al. (1975). Розрахунок інтегральних показників рівня соціальної дезадаптації проводили за заданими балами стресового навантаження тієї чи іншої життєвої події.За показниками рівня соціальної дезадаптації більше ніж у половини обстежених пацієнтів із ВХ ДПК рівень стресоопірності дезадаптуючим чинникам оцінювали як низький — (378,0 ± 34,8) бала.У хворих із часто рецидивуючою ВХ ДПК рівень алекситимії становив (53,7 ± 0,3) бала (р &lt; 0,05); тип особистості характеризувався як алекситимічний.
Cardiac Standstill Simulating Epileptic Seizures
Authors: Lee Sataline
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report by Haslam and Jameson (224:887, 1973), describing cardiac standstill simulating epileptic attacks, prompts me to describe yet another subject with a similar clinical problem. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 72-year-old ex-laborer was seen because of "fits." The patient had had no previous "neurological" illness until several months earlier when he began to experience recurrent episodes of spells of unconsciousness associated with twitching of extremities, lasting a few minutes. There was no known head trauma, and the patient had never received treatment for anything more than minor illnesses. Previous studies obtained at a general hospital included chest and skull roentgenograms, a brain scan, an electrocardiogram (ECG), complete blood cell count, urinalysis, serologic studies and an SMA-12, all of which were normal. An ECG showed sinus bradycardia with both atrial and ventricular rates of 46 beats/min. He was given diphenylhydantoin (100 mg) three times daily. His blood
Furazolidone in Treatment Of Salmonellosis
Authors: S. A. Kamat
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Based on the in vitro findings of Yurchenco et al<sup>1</sup>and Rogers et al<sup>2</sup>on the activity of furazolidone on<i>Salmonella typhosa and S paratyphi</i>organisms, and some recent clinical papers on the successful treatment of enteric fevers by furazolidone, I undertook a comparative trial on furazolidone (Furoxone) and chloramphenicol in the treatment of proven cases on enteric fevers. The criterion used for the diagnosis was the detection of<i>Salmonella</i>in clot cultures. I have now a series of 42 cases treated with furazolidone and another series of 57 cases concurrently treated with chloramphenicol. The daily dosage employed was 2 gm of chloramphenicol in four equal doses till defervescence and continued for a further period of ten days on a tapering dose. Furazolidone, 600 mg, was administered in three equal doses till defervescence and continued unaltered for six apyrexial days In the furazolidone series, 25
Protection Against Anthramycin-Induced Toxicity in Mice by Coenzyme Q&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: William C. Lubawy, Raye Anne Dallam, Laurence H. Hurley
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Pretreatment of Swiss Webster mice with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) markedly reduced the lethality of the antitumor antibiotic anthramycin as well as its ability to decrease ventricular weights. In tumor-bearing mice CoQ pretreatment did not produce any consistent alteration of radioactivity levels in blood, heart, tumor, lungs, kidneys, liver, muscles, brain, or spleen after [15-3H]anthramycin administration. Gross alterations in anthramycin distribution is probably not the mechanism by which CoQ alters the cardiotoxicity and lethality of anthramycin.
Editorial board and contents
Authors: Treasa Creavin, Lynne Herndon, Raphaëlle Grifone, Robert Kelly, Jure Pis, Klaus Schnackerz, Gorm Andersen, Olof Björnberg, Qinghua Cui, Zhenbao Yu, Enrico Purisima, Han Liang, Wen-Hsiung Li, Ben-Yang Liao, Jianzhi Zhang, Timothy Hore, Robert Rapkins, Jennifer Graves, Sophie Breton, Hélène Doucet Beaupré, Donald Stewart, Walter Hoeh, Pierre Blier, Laura Smith, Gregory Otterson, Christoph Plass, Lori Handley, Andrea Manica, Jérôme Goudet, François Balloux, Chris Haley, Dirk-Jan De Koning, David Skuse, Sara Ahmed, Jason Brickner, Chang Kwon, Doris Wagner, Mario Fraga, Manel Esteller
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2007)
Lyme disease: spirochetes up to old ticks?
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A medical mystery, first brought to researchers' attention by two Connecticut mothers, may be nearing solution. It involves an inflammatory disorder that has come to be known as Lyme disease. Investigation began more than six years ago (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1976;236:241-242), and now researchers from the Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Mont, are reporting a possible cause—a spirochete isolated from ticks of the<i>Ixodes</i>genus. Lyme, the town from which the disease draws its name, is a small community about 15 km north of Long Island Sound near the Connecticut River. In late 1975, a woman from that community, whose daughter was diagnosed as having juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, telephoned Connecticut's state health department in Hartford to point out that at least 11 other children in the locality had similar symptoms. Could there be an explanation other than arthritis? The department shared this information with researchers at Yale University School of Medicine
Structuring the discussion of scientific papers
Authors: T. Jefferson, J. R Petrie, A. A. Castro
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Trust wants help in formulating system to recognise performance of salaried GPsEditor-General practitioners (academic and non-academic) are still excluded from the merit award arrangements for consultants.We are therefore asking readers to help us formulate a system to recognise progress and performance for salaried general practitioners in our trust.We currently employ several general practitioners on the NHS consultant salary scale.They take part in the discretionary points system, but we would like now to develop detailed proposals by which they could progress through enhanced payments-wholly funded by the trustagainst meritorious criteria, which would be widely recognised and acknowledged.This would give them similar opportunities for recognition to those
Inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: H Tsai, N Parker, J Rhodes
Journal: Gut (1992)

p<0.05 compared with normals; T-test There was no significant difference between active and inactive Crohn's disease in the 4-h MPCA response (Mann-Whitney U;p> 0.05).However, sera from 12 of the 45 CD patients inhibited the expression of MPCA induced by LPS (LPS alone = 724+ 530, LPS + AS = 74 + 21; P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: MNC in active CD are -spontaneously procoagulant.Sera from the majority of CD patients contain MPCA stimulatory activity that is synergistic with LPS, but a minority of sera contain an inhibitor of MPCA expression that may protect against thrombosis in Crohn's.S7
Mechanism of Snoring
Authors: M. M. Ghoneim
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> This is in response to the letter "Help a Snorer" (1980;244:1783). Whether wearing a cervical collar at bedtime cures snoring or not is debatable, but the rationale cited for its justification is wrong. Snoring sounds are not produced by obstruction of the trachea but of the upper respiratory airway. The trachea, because of its cartilaginous structure, should not be compressed unduly by the position of a subject lying on his back with the head sagging on the chest.