tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of regular, low-dose, sustained-release morphine on routine physical activity in people with persistent breathlessness: a hypothesis-generating study
Authors: Diana H. Ferreira, Miriam J. Johnson, Daisy J.A. Janssen, Magnus Ekström, David C. Currow
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

Chronic breathlessness, which may be better described as persistent breathlessness to optimise applicability to different languages, is a frequent cause of disability in COPD [1]. In many people with advanced COPD, optimising treatment for the underlying causes of breathlessness and employing non-pharmacological approaches does not achieve symptom control [2]. Some people with persistent breathlessness may benefit from regular, low-dose, sustained-release (SR) morphine [3]. Importantly, changes in unidimensional breathlessness measures do not always reflect the patient's perspective of benefit [4]. Optimal ways of measuring meaningful changes in persistent breathlessness are debated [5], but small functional gains are valued by patients [6]. These gains may be reflected in periods of more intense energy expenditure, allowing people to better maintain independence. Persistent breathlessness is a frequent cause of disability in COPD <http://bit.ly/3TjvDmV>
Proteomic signatures for identification of impaired glucose tolerance
Authors: Julia Carrasco-Zanini, Maik Pietzner, Joni V. Lindbohm, Eleanor Wheeler, Erin Oerton, Nicola Kerrison, Missy Simpson, Matthew Westacott, Dan Drolet, Mika Kivimaki, Rachel Ostroff, Stephen A. Williams, Nicholas J. Wareham, Claudia Langenberg
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)
Model-informed precision dosing of beta-lactam antibiotics and ciprofloxacin in critically ill patients: a multicentre randomised clinical trial
Authors: Tim M. J. Ewoldt, Alan Abdulla, Wim J. R. Rietdijk, Anouk E. Muller, Brenda C. M. de Winter, Nicole G. M. Hunfeld, Ilse M. Purmer, Peter van Vliet, Evert-Jan Wils, Jasper Haringman, Annelies Draisma, Tom A. Rijpstra, Attila Karakus, Diederik Gommers, Henrik Endeman, Birgit C. P. Koch
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2022)

Individualising drug dosing using model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) of beta-lactam antibiotics and ciprofloxacin has been proposed as an alternative to standard dosing to optimise antibiotic efficacy in critically ill patients. However, randomised clinical trials (RCT) on clinical outcomes have been lacking. This multicentre RCT, including patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) who were treated with antibiotics, was conducted in eight hospitals in the Netherlands. Patients were randomised to MIPD with dose and interval adjustments based on monitoring serum drug levels (therapeutic drug monitoring) combined with pharmacometric modelling of beta-lactam antibiotics and ciprofloxacin. The primary outcome was ICU length of stay (LOS). Secondary outcomes were ICU mortality, hospital mortality, 28-day mortality, 6-month mortality, delta sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, adverse events and target attainment. In total, 388 (MIPD n = 189; standard dosing n = 199) patients were analysed (median age 64 [IQR 55–71]). We found no significant differences in ICU LOS between MIPD compared to standard dosing (10 MIPD vs 8 standard dosing; IRR = 1.16; 95% CI 0.96–1.41; p = 0.13). There was no significant difference in target attainment before intervention at day 1 (T1) (55.6% MIPD vs 60.9% standard dosing; p = 0.24) or at day 3 (T3) (59.5% vs 60.4%; p = 0.84). There were no significant differences in other secondary outcomes. We could not show a beneficial effect of MIPD of beta-lactam antibiotics and ciprofloxacin on ICU LOS in critically ill patients. Our data highlight the need to identify other approaches to dose optimisation.
If you presume relevance, you don't need a bifocal lens
Authors: Nazlı Altınok, Denis Tatone, Ildikó Király, Christophe Heintz, György Gergely
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract We argue for a relevance-guided learning mechanism to account for both innovative reproduction and faithful imitation by focusing on the role of communication in knowledge transmission. Unlike bifocal stance theory, this mechanism does not require a strict divide between instrumental and ritual-like actions, and the goals they respectively fulfill (material vs. social/affiliative), to account for flexibility in action interpretation and reproduction.
No tinkering allowed: When the end goal requires a highly specific or risky, and complex action sequence, expect ritualistic scaffolding
Authors: Rachael L. Brown, Ross Pain
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract On Jagiello et al.'s cultural action framework, end-goal resolvability and causal transparency make possible the transmission of complex technologies through low-fidelity cultural learning. We offer three further features of goal-directed action sequences – specificity, riskiness, and complexity – which alter the effectiveness of low-fidelity cultural learning. Incorporating these into the cultural action framework generates further novel, testable predictions for bifocal stance theory.
Acute and postacute sequelae associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection
Authors: Benjamin Bowe, Yan Xie, Ziyad Al-Aly
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)

Abstract First infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with increased risk of acute and postacute death and sequelae in various organ systems. Whether reinfection adds to risks incurred after first infection is unclear. Here we used the US Department of Veterans Affairs’ national healthcare database to build a cohort of individuals with one SARS-CoV-2 infection ( n = 443,588), reinfection (two or more infections, n = 40,947) and a noninfected control ( n = 5,334,729). We used inverse probability-weighted survival models to estimate risks and 6-month burdens of death, hospitalization and incident sequelae. Compared to no reinfection, reinfection contributed additional risks of death (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.17, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.93–2.45), hospitalization (HR = 3.32, 95% CI 3.13–3.51) and sequelae including pulmonary, cardiovascular, hematological, diabetes, gastrointestinal, kidney, mental health, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. The risks were evident regardless of vaccination status. The risks were most pronounced in the acute phase but persisted in the postacute phase at 6 months. Compared to noninfected controls, cumulative risks and burdens of repeat infection increased according to the number of infections. Limitations included a cohort of mostly white males. The evidence shows that reinfection further increases risks of death, hospitalization and sequelae in multiple organ systems in the acute and postacute phase. Reducing overall burden of death and disease due to SARS-CoV-2 will require strategies for reinfection prevention.
Authors’ reply to Upton
Authors: Azeem Majeed, Katrina Pollock, Simon Hodes, Marisa Papaluca
Journal: BMJ (2022)

We agree that the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) needs to operate in a transparent manner.We also agree that the JCVI needs a suitable level of administrative and financial support to carry out its work effectively.The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) provides good examples of transparent working, partnerships with patients and the public, and publication of timely reports on its work and guidance for health professionals. 3NICE also ensures that its work on guidelines examines
Paid Sick Leave Among Working Cancer Survivors and Its Associations With Use of Preventive Services in the United States
Authors: Zhiyuan Zheng, Stacey A. Fedewa, Farhad Islami, Leticia Nogueira, Xuesong Han, Jingxuan Zhao, Weishan Song, Ahmedin Jemal, K. Robin Yabroff
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022)

Background: We sought to examine the lack of paid sick leave among working cancer survivors by sociodemographic/socioeconomic and employment characteristics and its association with preventive services use in the United States. Methods: Working cancer survivors (ages 18–64 years; n=7,995; weighted n=3.43 million) were identified using 2001–2018 National Health Interview Survey data. Adjusted prevalence of lack of paid sick leave by sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as job sector, working hours, and employer size, were generated using multivariable logistic regression models. Separate analyses examined the associations of lack of paid sick leave with use of various preventive services. Results: Of all working cancer survivors, 36.4% lacked paid sick leave (n=2,925; weighted n=1.25 million), especially those working in food/agriculture/construction/personal services occupations or industries (ranging from 54.9% to 88.5%). In adjusted analyses, working cancer survivors with lower household income (&lt;200% of the federal poverty level, 48.7%), without a high school degree (43.3%), without health insurance coverage (70.6%), and who were self-employed (89.5%), were part-time workers (68.2%), or worked in small businesses (&lt;50 employees, 48.8%) were most likely to lack paid sick leave. Lack of paid sick leave was associated with lower use of influenza vaccine (ages 18–39 years, 21.3% vs 33.3%; ages 40–49 years, 25.8% vs 38.3%; ages 50–64 years, 46.3% vs 52.4%; P &lt;.001 for all), cholesterol screening (ages 18–39 years, 43.1% vs 62.5%; P &lt;.05), and blood pressure check (ages 18–39 years, 43.1% vs 62.5%; P &lt;.05) compared with survivors having paid sick leave. Conclusions: In the United States, more than one-third of all working cancer survivors and more than half of survivors working for small employers and in certain occupations/industries lack paid sick leave. Survivors with lower household income or educational attainment are particularly vulnerable. Moreover, lack of paid sick leave is associated with lower use of some recommended preventive services, suggesting that ensuring working cancer survivors have access to paid sick leave may be an important mechanism for reducing health disparities.
Mapping responsive genomic elements to heat stress in a maize diversity panel
Authors: Zhikai Liang, Zachary A. Myers, Dominic Petrella, Julia Engelhorn, Thomas Hartwig, Nathan M. Springer
Journal: Genome biology (2022)

Abstract Background Many plant species exhibit genetic variation for coping with environmental stress. However, there are still limited approaches to effectively uncover the genomic region that regulates distinct responsive patterns of the gene across multiple varieties within the same species under abiotic stress. Results By analyzing the transcriptomes of more than 100 maize inbreds, we reveal many cis - and trans -acting eQTLs that influence the expression response to heat stress. The cis -acting eQTLs in response to heat stress are identified in genes with differential responses to heat stress between genotypes as well as genes that are only expressed under heat stress. The cis -acting variants for heat stress-responsive expression likely result from distinct promoter activities, and the differential heat responses of the alleles are confirmed for selected genes using transient expression assays. Global footprinting of transcription factor binding is performed in control and heat stress conditions to document regions with heat-enriched transcription factor binding occupancies. Conclusions Footprints enriched near proximal regions of characterized heat-responsive genes in a large association panel can be utilized for prioritizing functional genomic regions that regulate genotype-specific responses under heat stress.
Rate advancement measurement for lung cancer and pleural mesothelioma in asbestos-exposed workers
Authors: Danila Azzolina, Dario Consonni, Daniela Ferrante, Dario Mirabelli, Stefano Silvestri, Ferdinando Luberto, Alessia Angelini, Francesco Cuccaro, Anna Maria Nannavecchia, Enrico Oddone, Massimo Vicentini, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Tiziana Cena, Lucia Mangone, Francesca Roncaglia, Orietta Sala, Simona Menegozzo, Roberta Pirastu, Sara Tunesi, Elisabetta Chellini, Lucia Miligi, Patrizia Perticaroli, Aldo Pettinari, Vittoria Bressan, Enzo Merler, Paolo Girardi, Lucia Bisceglia, Alessandro Marinaccio, Stefania Massari, Corrado Magnani
Journal: Thorax (2022)

Exposure to asbestos increases the risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma. Few studies quantified the premature occurrence of these diseases in asbestos-exposed workers. Focus on premature disease onset (rate advancement or acceleration) can be useful in risk communication and for the evaluation of exposure impact. We estimated rate advancement for total mortality, lung cancer and pleural mesothelioma deaths, by classes of cumulative asbestos exposure in a pooled cohort of asbestos cement (AC) workers in Italy.The cohort study included 12 578 workers from 21 cohorts, with 6626 deaths in total, 858 deaths from lung cancer and 394 from pleural malignant neoplasm (MN). Rate advancement was estimated by fitting a competitive mortality Weibull model to the hazard of death over time since first exposure (TSFE).Acceleration time (AT) was estimated at different TSFE values. The highest level of cumulative exposure compared with the lowest, for pleural MN AT was 16.9 (95% CI 14.9 to 19.2) and 33.8 (95% CI 29.8 to 38.4) years at TSFE of 20 and 40 years, respectively. For lung cancer, it was 13.3 (95% CI 12.0 to 14.7) and 26.6 (95% CI 23.9 to 29.4) years, respectively. As for total mortality, AT was 3.35 (95% CI 2.98 to 3.71) years at 20 years TSFE, and 6.70 (95% CI 5.95 to 7.41) at 40 years TSFE.The current study observed marked rate advancement after asbestos exposure for lung cancer and pleural mesothelioma, as well as for total mortality.
Overall survival with circulating tumor DNA-guided therapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Justin Jee, Emily S. Lebow, Randy Yeh, Jeeban P. Das, Azadeh Namakydoust, Paul K. Paik, Jamie E. Chaft, Gowtham Jayakumaran, A. Rose Brannon, Ryma Benayed, Ahmet Zehir, Mark Donoghue, Nikolaus Schultz, Debyani Chakravarty, Ritika Kundra, Ramyasree Madupuri, Yonina R. Murciano-Goroff, Hai-Yan Tu, Chong-Rui Xu, Andrés Martinez, Clare Wilhelm, Jesse Galle, Bobby Daly, Helena A. Yu, Michael Offin, Matthew D. Hellmann, Piro Lito, Kathryn C. Arbour, Marjorie G. Zauderer, Mark G. Kris, Kenneth K. Ng, Juliana Eng, Isabel Preeshagul, W. Victoria Lai, John J. Fiore, Afsheen Iqbal, Daniela Molena, Gaetano Rocco, Bernard J. Park, Lee P. Lim, Mark Li, Candace Tong-Li, Madhawa De Silva, David L. Chan, Connie I. Diakos, Malinda Itchins, Stephen Clarke, Nick Pavlakis, Adrian Lee, Natasha Rekhtman, Jason Chang, William D. Travis, Gregory J. Riely, David B. Solit, Mithat Gonen, Valerie W. Rusch, Andreas Rimner, Daniel Gomez, Alexander Drilon, Howard I. Scher, Sohrab P. Shah, Michael F. Berger, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Ross L. Levine, Ronglai Shen, Pedram Razavi, Jorge S. Reis-Filho, David R. Jones, Charles M. Rudin, James M. Isbell, Bob T. Li
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)
Bifocal stance theory: An effort to broaden, extend, and clarify
Authors: Robert Jagiello, Cecilia Heyes, Harvey Whitehouse
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract The bifocal stance theory (BST) of cultural evolution has prompted a wide-ranging discussion with broadly three aims: to apply the theory to novel contexts; to extend the conceptual framework; to offer critical feedback on various aspects of the theory. We first discuss BST's relevance to the diverse range of topics which emerged from the commentaries, followed by a consideration of how our framework can be supplemented by and compared to other theories. Lastly, the criticisms that were raised by a subset of commentaries allow us to clarify parts of our theory.
Psychological closeness and concrete construal may underlie high-fidelity social emulation
Authors: David A. Kalkstein, Yaacov Trope
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract We compare bifocal stance theory's (BST) approach to social learning to construal level theory's (CLT) – a social-cognitive theory positing that psychological closeness to a model influences action-representation and thus modulates how concretely or abstractly observers emulate models. Whereas BST argues that social motives produce higher fidelity emulation, CLT argues that psychological closeness impacts cognitive construal and produces more concrete emulation across diverse motivations for emulation.
Resistance to antibody‐drug conjugates in breast cancer: mechanisms and solutions
Authors: Yu‐Fei Chen, Ying‐ying Xu, Zhi‐Ming Shao, Ke‐Da Yu
Journal: Cancer Communications (2022)

Abstract Antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs) are a rapidly developing therapeutic approach in cancer treatment that has shown remarkable activity in breast cancer. Currently, there are two ADCs approved for the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐positive breast cancer, one for triple‐negative breast cancer, and multiple investigational ADCs in clinical trials. However, drug resistance has been noticed in clinical use, especially in trastuzumab emtansine. Here, the mechanisms of ADC resistance are summarized into four categories: antibody‐mediated resistance, impaired drug trafficking, disrupted lysosomal function, and payload‐related resistance. To overcome or prevent resistance to ADCs, innovative development strategies and combination therapy options are being investigated. Analyzing predictive biomarkers for optimal therapy selection may also help to prevent drug resistance.
Activation of stance by cues, or attunement to the invariants in a populated environment?
Authors: Tetsushi Nonaka
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

While I agree with the distinction between expedient and proper ways of action, I find Jagiello et al.'s account of "stance switching" debatable. Fundamental to theories of cultural evolution is the fact that the shared environment is indefinitely rich, in which individuals are provided with opportunities for learning to tune themselves to specific affordances that are relevant to emerging situations.
Change Toward Healthier Lifestyles Is Associated With Better Health-Related Quality of Life in Long-Term Colorectal Cancer Survivors
Authors: Ruth Elisa Eyl-Armbruster, Melissa S.Y. Thong, Prudence R. Carr, Lina Jansen, Jenny Chang-Claude, Michael Hoffmeister, Hermann Brenner, Volker Arndt
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022)

Background: Little is known about how changes in a constellation of lifestyle factors affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. Our study aimed to investigate the association between changes in healthy lifestyle and HRQoL over time in survivors of stage I–IV CRC. Methods: We included 2,283 long-term (≥5 years postdiagnosis) survivors. A healthy lifestyle score (HLS) comprising smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, physical activity, and body fatness was derived at diagnosis and 5-year follow-up (5YFU) and categorized as low, moderate, or high. We assessed HRQoL with the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 at 5YFU and 10-year follow-up. We used multivariable linear regression and linear mixed models to explore associations between changes in HLS and HRQoL over follow-up. Results: A low baseline HLS was associated with poorer functioning and global health/QoL and a higher symptom burden at 5YFU compared with a high baseline HLS. An improved HLS from baseline to 5YFU was associated with better functioning, higher global health/QoL, and fewer symptoms at 5YFU than a maintained-high HLS. In longitudinal analyses, improved HLS was associated with better functioning at follow-up. Survivors with a maintained-high or an improved HLS reported generally less fatigue, pain, and dyspnea at follow-ups compared with survivors with a maintained-low or decreased HLS. Conclusions: Change toward a healthier lifestyle since diagnosis was associated with better HRQoL in long-term CRC survivors. Our results support the importance of maintaining and/or promoting a healthier lifestyle among CRC survivors postdiagnosis.
Culture is an optometrist: Cultural contexts adjust the prescription of social learning bifocals
Authors: Jennifer M. Clegg, Nicole J. Wen, Bruce Rawlings
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract The “prescription” of humans' social learning bifocals is fine-tuned by cultural norms and, as a result, the readiness with which the instrumental or conventional lenses are used to view behavior differs across cultures. We present evidence for this possibility from cross-cultural work examining children's imitation and innovation.
RBPMS2 Is a Myocardial-Enriched Splicing Regulator Required for Cardiac Function
Authors: Alexander A. Akerberg, Michael Trembley, Vincent Butty, Asya Schwertner, Long Zhao, Manu Beerens, Xujie Liu, Mohammed Mahamdeh, Shiaulou Yuan, Laurie Boyer, Calum MacRae, Christopher Nguyen, William T. Pu, Caroline E. Burns, C. Geoffrey Burns
Journal: Circulation Research (2022)

RBPs (RNA-binding proteins) perform indispensable functions in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Numerous RBPs have been implicated in cardiac development or physiology based on gene knockout studies and the identification of pathogenic RBP gene mutations in monogenic heart disorders. The discovery and characterization of additional RBPs performing indispensable functions in the heart will advance basic and translational cardiovascular research.
Action sequences, habits, and attention in copying strategies
Authors: Omar D. Perez
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Understanding how culture evolves in society is an extremely difficult task. The bifocal stance theory (BST) deploys two copying strategies which can be linked to dual-system theories of behavior. BST would benefit from incorporating results from these theories, such as the evolution of attention to goals or steps of a behavioral sequence, and the role of the environment in prompting different copying strategies.
Non-instrumental actions can communicate roles and relationships, not just rituals
Authors: Ashley J Thomas, Setayesh Radkani, Michelle S Hung
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Actions that do not have instrumental goals can communicate social goals that are not rituals. Many non-instrumental actions such as bowing or kissing communicate a commitment to or roles in dyadic relationships. What is unclear is when people understand such actions in terms of ritual and when they understand them in terms of relationships.