tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Severe asthma trajectories in adults: findings from the NORDSTAR cohort
Authors: Anna von Bülow, Susanne Hansen, Patrik Sandin, Olivia Ernstsson, Christer Janson, Lauri Lehtimäki, Hannu Kankaanranta, Charlotte Ulrik, Bernt Bøgvald Aarli, Kirk Geale, Sheila Tuyet Tang, Maija Wolf, Vibeke Backer, Ole Hilberg, Alan Altraja, Helena Backman, Dóra Lúdvíksdóttir, Unnur Steina Björnsdóttir, Paula Kauppi, Thomas Sandström, Asger Sverrild, Valentyna Yasinska, Maritta Kilpeläinen, Barbro Dahlén, Arja Viinanen, Leif Bjermer, Apostolos Bossios, Celeste Porsbjerg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2023)

There is limited evidence on the pathways leading to severe asthma and we are presently unable to effectively predict the progression of the disease. We aimed to describe the longitudinal trajectories leading to severe asthma and to describe clinical events preceding disease progression in a nationwide population of patients with severe asthma.We conducted an observational study based on Swedish data from the NORdic Dataset for aSThmA Research (NORDSTAR) research collaboration platform. We identified adult patients with severe asthma in 2018 according to the European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society definition and used latent class analysis to identify trajectories of asthma severity over a 10-year retrospective period from 2018.Among 169 128 asthma patients, we identified 4543 severe asthma patients. We identified four trajectories of severe asthma that were labelled as: trajectory 1 "consistently severe asthma" (n=389 (8.6%)), trajectory 2 "gradual onset severe asthma" (n=942 (20.7%)), trajectory 3 "intermittent severe asthma" (n=1685 (37.1%)) and trajectory 4 "sudden onset severe asthma" (n=1527 (33.6%)). "Consistently severe asthma" had a higher daily inhaled corticosteroid dose and more prevalent osteoporosis compared with the other trajectories. Patients with "gradual onset severe asthma" and "sudden onset severe asthma" developed type 2-related comorbidities concomitantly with development of severe asthma. In the latter group, this primarily occurred within 1-3 years preceding onset of severe asthma.Four distinct trajectories of severe asthma were identified illustrating different patterns of progression of asthma severity. This may eventually enable the development of better preventive management strategies in severe asthma.
<i>Notes from the Field:</i> Asthma-Associated Emergency Department Visits During a Wildfire Smoke Event — New York, June 2023
Authors: Haillie C. Meek, Heather Aydin-Ghormoz, Kathleen Bush, Neil Muscatiello, Cristin E. McArdle, Charlene X. Weng, Dina Hoefer, Wan-Hsiang Hsu, Eli S. Rosenberg
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2023)

During June 6-8, 2023, smoke from Eastern Canadian wildfires caused poor air quality across New York, driven by concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM 2.5 )*; air quality index reached "unhealthy" or "very unhealthy" levels across the state.† PM 2.5 from wildfire smoke is associated with an increased risk for medical emergencies, including asthma exacerbations (1).Characterizing such health outcomes during this wildfire smoke event can guide current and future response efforts.
West Nile Virus and Other Nationally Notifiable Arboviral Diseases — United States, 2021
Authors: Anna C. Fagre, Shelby Lyons, J. Erin Staples, Nicole Lindsey
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2023)

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of infected mosquitoes or ticks, and in the continental United States, West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease. Other arboviruses cause sporadic cases of disease as well as occasional outbreaks. This report summarizes 2021 surveillance data reported to CDC by U.S. jurisdictions for nationally notifiable arboviruses; the report excludes chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika virus disease cases, because these infections were acquired primarily through travel during 2021. Forty-nine states and the District of Columbia reported 3,035 cases of domestic arboviral disease, including those caused by West Nile (2,911), La Crosse (40), Jamestown Canyon (32), Powassan (24), St. Louis encephalitis (17), unspecified California serogroup (six), and eastern equine encephalitis (five) viruses. Among the WNV disease cases, 2,008 (69%) were classified as neuroinvasive disease, for a national incidence of 0.61 cases per 100,000 population. Because arboviral diseases continue to cause serious illness, maintaining surveillance programs to monitor their transmission and prevalence is important to the direction and promotion of prevention activities. Health care providers should consider arboviral infections in the differential diagnosis of aseptic meningitis and encephalitis, obtain appropriate specimens for laboratory testing, and promptly report cases to public health authorities. Prevention depends on community and household efforts to reduce vector populations and personal protective measures to prevent mosquito and tick bites, such as use of Environmental Protection Agency-registered insect repellent and wearing protective clothing.
Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents Aged 13–17 Years — National Immunization Survey–Teen, United States, 2022
Authors: Cassandra Pingali, David Yankey, Laurie D. Elam-Evans, Lauri E. Markowitz, Madeleine R. Valier, Benjamin Fredua, Samuel J. Crowe, Carla L. DeSisto, Shannon Stokley, James A. Singleton
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2023)

Three vaccines are routinely recommended for adolescents to prevent pertussis, meningococcal disease, and cancers caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). CDC analyzed data from the 2022 National Immunization Survey-Teen for 16,043 adolescents aged 13-17 years to assess vaccination coverage. Birth cohort analyses were conducted to assess trends in vaccination coverage by age 13 years (i.e., before the 13th birthday) and by age 14 years (i.e., before the 14th birthday) among adolescents who were due for routine vaccination before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional analysis was used to assess coverage estimates among adolescents aged 13-17 years. In 2022, vaccination coverage by age 14 years among adolescents born in 2008 continued to lag that of earlier birth cohorts and varied by sociodemographic factors and access to health care compared with coverage among earlier birth cohorts. Vaccination coverage by age 13 years among adolescents born in 2009 was similar to coverage estimates obtained before the COVID-19 pandemic. Among all adolescents aged 13-17 years, 2022 vaccination coverage levels did not differ from 2021 levels; however, initiation of the HPV vaccination series decreased among those who were insured by Medicaid. Coverage with ≥1 dose of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine and ≥1 dose meningococcal conjugate vaccine was high and stable (around 90%). Providers should review adolescent vaccination records, especially among those born in 2008 and those in populations eligible for the Vaccines for Children program, to ensure adolescents are up to date with all recommended vaccines.
Sepsis Program Activities in Acute Care Hospitals — National Healthcare Safety Network, United States, 2022
Authors: Raymund B. Dantes, Hemjot Kaur, Beth A. Bouwkamp, Kathryn A. Haass, Prachi Patel, Margaret A. Dudeck, Arjun Srinivasan, Shelley S. Magill, W. Wyatt Wilson, Mary Whitaker, Nicole M. Gladden, Elizabeth S. McLaughlin, Jennifer K. Horowitz, Patricia J. Posa, Hallie C. Prescott
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2023)

Sepsis, life-threatening organ dysfunction secondary to infection, contributes to at least 1.7 million adult hospitalizations and at least 350,000 deaths annually in the United States. Sepsis care is complex, requiring the coordination of multiple hospital departments and disciplines. Sepsis programs can coordinate these efforts to optimize patient outcomes. The 2022 National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) annual survey evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of sepsis programs in acute care hospitals. Among 5,221 hospitals, 3,787 (73%) reported having a committee that monitors and reviews sepsis care. Prevalence of these committees varied by hospital size, ranging from 53% among hospitals with 0-25 beds to 95% among hospitals with >500 beds. Fifty-five percent of all hospitals provided dedicated time (including assigned protected time or job description requirements) for leaders of these committees to manage a program and conduct daily activities, and 55% of committees reported involvement with antibiotic stewardship programs. These data highlight opportunities, particularly in smaller hospitals, to improve the care and outcomes of patients with sepsis in the United States by ensuring that all hospitals have sepsis programs with protected time for program leaders, engagement of medical specialists, and integration with antimicrobial stewardship programs. CDC's Hospital Sepsis Program Core Elements provides a guide to assist hospitals in developing and implementing effective sepsis programs that complement and facilitate the implementation of existing clinical guidelines and improve patient care. Future NHSN annual surveys will monitor uptake of these sepsis core elements.
Asthma-Associated Emergency Department Visits During the Canadian Wildfire Smoke Episodes — United States, April– August 2023
Authors: Cristin E. McArdle, Tia C. Dowling, Kelly Carey, Jourdan DeVies, Dylan Johns, Abigail L. Gates, Zachary Stein, Katharina L. van Santen, Lakshmi Radhakrishnan, Aaron Kite-Powell, Karl Soetebier, Jason D. Sacks, Kanta Sircar, Kathleen P. Hartnett, Maria C. Mirabelli
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2023)

During April 30-August 4, 2023, smoke originating from wildfires in Canada affected most of the contiguous United States. CDC used National Syndromic Surveillance Program data to assess numbers and percentages of asthma-associated emergency department (ED) visits on days with wildfire smoke, compared with days without wildfire smoke. Wildfire smoke days were defined as days when concentrations of particulate matter (particles generally ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) (PM2.5) triggered an Air Quality Index ≥101, corresponding to the air quality categorization, "Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups." Changes in asthma-associated ED visits were assessed across U.S. Department of Health and Human Services regions and by age. Overall, asthma-associated ED visits were 17% higher than expected during the 19 days with wildfire smoke that occurred during the study period; larger increases were observed in regions that experienced higher numbers of continuous wildfire smoke days and among persons aged 5-17 and 18-64 years. These results can help guide emergency response planning and public health communication strategies, especially in U.S. regions where wildfire smoke exposure was previously uncommon.
Examining technology-assisted rehabilitation for older adults’ functional mobility: a network meta-analysis on efficacy and acceptability
Authors: Błażej Cieślik, Justyna Mazurek, Adam Wrzeciono, Lorenza Maistrello, Joanna Szczepańska-Gieracha, Pierfranco Conte, Pawel Kiper
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2023)

Abstract Technological advancements facilitate feedback adaptation in rehabilitation through virtual reality (VR) exergaming, serious gaming, wearables, and telerehabilitation for older adults fall prevention. Although studies have evaluated these technologies, no comparisons of their effectiveness have been conducted to date. Thus, this study aims to assess the differences in effectiveness of these interventions on balance and functional mobility in the older adults. A systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) were conducted to identify the most effective interventions for improving balance and functional mobility in adults aged 60 and over. The search was conducted in five databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science) up to June 10, 2023. The eligibility criteria were: (1) older adults, (2) functional mobility, balance, or gait as the primary outcome, (3) new technology intervention, and (4) randomized study design. New technology interventions were classified into five categories: exergaming with balance platforms or motion capture technologies, other serious gaming, interventions with wearables, and telerehabilitation. Additionally, two categories of control interventions (conventional exercises and no treatment) were extracted. The NMA was performed for the aggregated results of all outcomes, and separately for clinical functional scales, functional mobility, and gait speed results. Fifty-two RCTs with 3081 participants were included. Exergaming with motion capture was found to be statistically significant in producing a better effect than no treatment in the analysis of the functional mobility with an SMD of −0.70 ( P &lt; 0.01). The network meta-analysis revealed that exergaming with motion capture offers greater therapeutic benefits for functional mobility and balance compared to no treatment control. The effectiveness of this approach is similar to that of conventional exercises. Further RCTs are needed to provide a more definitive conclusion, particularly with respect to the effectiveness of serious games, telerehabilitation, and interventions with wearables.
Principles and methods for transferring polygenic risk scores across global populations
Authors: Linda Kachuri, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Jibril Hirbo, Daniel J. Schaid, Iman Martin, Iftikhar J. Kullo, Eimear E. Kenny, Bogdan Pasaniuc, Paul L. Auer, Matthew P. Conomos, David V. Conti, Yi Ding, Ying Wang, Haoyu Zhang, Yuji Zhang, John S. Witte, Tian Ge
Journal: Nature Reviews Genetics (2023)
Preventing nuclear war is the strongest of all preventive medicine interventions
Authors: Guy Johnson
Journal: BMJ (2023)

makes a powerful case for the risk to humanity currently posed by nuclear weapons. 1 I am, however, torn between congratulating The BMJ on publishing such a timely and vital opinion piece and castigating it for having devoted so little space over the years to the threat of nuclear war, in comparison with its frequent, excellent coverage of the other existential threat to humanity, the climate emergency.I'd like to make some points that Launer didn't have space to tackle.The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) calculates the cost of replacing the current Trident system to be at least £20bn-yes, billion. 2 This sum was produced by CND in 2016, based on government estimates of different aspects of the project.In light of inflation this must therefore be a conservative estimate.And it doesn't include the government's plan to increase the number of warheads by 40%, in breach of international commitments under the non-proliferation treaty. 3 This amount would pay for doctors' and nurses' pay demands, make a huge contribution to social care funding, and leave plenty over to set the country on course for net zero by 2030.What a frightening and terrible waste of money.In the meantime, almost half the member states of the UN have signed its 2017 Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, but not the UK or the other nuclear "powers." 4 This should be a major point for the next general election-preventing nuclear war being the strongest of all preventive medicine interventions.
Multiparameter prediction of myeloid neoplasia risk
Authors: Muxin Gu, Sruthi Cheloor Kovilakam, William G. Dunn, Ludovica Marando, Clea Barcena, Irina Mohorianu, Alexandra Smith, Siddhartha P. Kar, Margarete A. Fabre, Moritz Gerstung, Catherine A. Cargo, Luca Malcovati, Pedro M. Quiros, George S. Vassiliou
Journal: Nature Genetics (2023)

Abstract The myeloid neoplasms encompass acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms. Most cases arise from the shared ancestor of clonal hematopoiesis (CH). Here we analyze data from 454,340 UK Biobank participants, of whom 1,808 developed a myeloid neoplasm 0–15 years after recruitment. We describe the differences in CH mutational landscapes and hematology/biochemistry test parameters among individuals that later develop myeloid neoplasms (pre-MN) versus controls, finding that disease-specific changes are detectable years before diagnosis. By analyzing differences between ‘pre-MN’ and controls, we develop and validate Cox regression models quantifying the risk of progression to each myeloid neoplasm subtype. We construct ‘MN-predict’, a web application that generates time-dependent predictions with the input of basic blood tests and genetic data. Our study demonstrates that many individuals that develop myeloid neoplasms can be identified years in advance and provides a framework for disease-specific prognostication that will be of substantial use to researchers and physicians.
Efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies on pain intensity and disability for plantar fasciitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bianca Martins Lourenço, Mariana Gabrich Moraes Campos, Laísa Maia, Brenda Castro, Renato Guilherme Trede, Vinícius Cunha Oliveira
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2023)

Objective To investigate the effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies on pain intensity and disability for plantar fasciitis. Design Systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Data sources AMED, MEDLINE, PEDro, Cochrane, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsycINFO without language or date restrictions up to 3 February 2023. Eligibility criteria RCTs that evaluated the efficacy of any pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies compared with control (placebo, sham, waiting list or no intervention) on pain intensity and disability in people with plantar fasciitis. Two reviewers independently screened eligible trials, extracted data, assessed the methodological quality of included trials and assessed the certainty of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework. Mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs were reported. Results Seventeen different therapies investigated in 28 trials were included in the quantitative analysis. For non-pharmacological therapies, moderate certainty evidence showed short-term effects of customised orthoses on pain intensity when compared with control (MD of −12.0 points (95% CI −17.1 to −7.0) on a 0–100 scale). Low certainty evidence showed short-term effects of taping on pain intensity (−21.3 (95% CI −38.6 to −4.0)). Long-term effects and effects on disability are still uncertain. For pharmacological therapies, low to very low quality evidence from few trials with small samples was inconclusive and supports that high-quality trials are needed. Conclusions Moderate-quality and low-quality evidence demonstrates customised orthoses and taping, respectively, reduce pain intensity in the short term in patients with plantar fasciitis. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021224416.
Shortwave-infrared-light-emitting probes for the in vivo tracking of cancer vaccines and the elicited immune responses
Authors: Fuqiang Ren, Feifei Wang, Ani Baghdasaryan, Ying Li, Haoran Liu, RuSiou Hsu, Chuchu Wang, Jiachen Li, Yeteng Zhong, Felix Salazar, Chun Xu, Yingying Jiang, Zhuoran Ma, Guanzhou Zhu, Xiang Zhao, Kerry Kaili Wong, Richard Willis, K. Christopher Garcia, Anna Wu, Elizabeth Mellins, Hongjie Dai
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2023)

Tracking and imaging immune cells in vivo non-invasively would offer insights into the immune responses induced by vaccination. Here we report a cancer vaccine consisting of polymer-coated NaErF
Visual outcome at 2.5 years of age in ω-3 and ω-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplemented preterm infants: a follow-up of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pia Lundgren, Lena Jacobson, Lotta Gränse, Anna-Lena Hård, Karin Sävman, Ingrid Hansen-Pupp, David Ley, Anders K. Nilsson, Aldina Pivodic, Lois E. Smith, Ann Hellström
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2023)

We investigated ophthalmological outcomes at 2.5 years of corrected age in children born extremely preterm (EPT) to evaluate the effects of postnatal enteral supplementation with ω-3 and ω-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
P1320: PREDICTING SEVERE ACUTE GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE IN ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION BY HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING AFTER PRETRANSPLANT-MIXED LYMPHOCYTE REACTION
Authors: Jiali Wang, Jia Liu, Erlie Jiang, Mingzhe Han, Weihua Zhai, Xiaolei Pei
Journal: HemaSphere (2023)

Topic: 22. Stem cell transplantation - Clinical Background: Severe acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) is still a major challenge for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Accurate prediction of severe aGVHD is an urgent need for the improvement of transplantation via providing patients with individualized therapeutic strategies,reducing or even avoiding the mortality caused by GVHD and the side effects caused by the use of immunosuppressants. Aims: To explore a new and more accurate method for predicting severe GVHD in order to improve transplant outcomes. Methods: Before transplantation, we collected 88 paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the donor and receipt of the allo-HSCT, and 57 paired PBMCs from health donors to the complete mismatched health donors. After the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and the bulk RNA sequenced, sequencing data and clinical data were analyzed, modelled and verified by machine learning algorithms. Results: Compared with the MLR cells from the grade 0-I aGVHD cohort, the enriched biological processes or functions were significant different to those in the MLR cells from the grade II-IV aGVHD cohort and the allogeneic paired cohort. We found that the combination of the expression of genes in the MLR cells and the machine learning algorithms had a dramatic prediction capability to the severe aGVHD in the clinical. In the training set, the Random Forest algorithm (RF) and Support Vector Machine algorithm (SVM) were employed to calculated the characteristic parameter genes. In the testing set, the AUC in the RF model and SVM model was 0.9 and 0.92 respectively. In addition, different genes clusters had different correlation with the clinical features, such as CCDC155, ACAT2, ATP6V1G1, CISD1, RARS1, A2M and TMEM70 composed a cluster with high correlation to the aGVHD degree. Summary/Conclusion: This study reveals for the first time the relation between the expression of genes in the MLR cells and different grade aGVHD. The alterations of genes after MLR cells by machine learning algorithms had a dramatic capability to predict the severe aGVHD，which provides a new strategy for the pretransplant-donor selection and severe aGVHD prediction. Keywords: RNA-seq, Acute graft-versus-host disease, Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, Machine learning