tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medicare Part D Coverage of Antiobesity Medications — Challenges and Uncertainty Ahead
Authors: Khrysta Baig, Stacie B. Dusetzina, David D. Kim, Ashley A. Leech
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

Interview with Dr. Ashley Leech on the potential implications of Medicare Part D covering medications for obesity treatment. (11:22)Download Medicare could soon be compelled to cover antiobesity medications, which intensifies the need to address questions of effectiveness and cost among its beneficiaries.
FGF19/FGFR4-mediated elevation of ETV4 facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by upregulating PD-L1 and CCL2
Authors: Meng Xie, Zhuoying Lin, Xiaoyu Ji, Xiangyuan Luo, Zerui Zhang, Mengyu Sun, Xiaoping Chen, Bixiang Zhang, Huifang Liang, Danfei Liu, Yangyang Feng, Yijun Wang, Yiwei Li, Bifeng Liu, Wenjie Huang, Limin Xia
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2023)
The role of sphingosine 1-phosphate metabolism in brain health and disease
Authors: Gerhild van Echten-Deckert
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2023)

Lipids are essential structural and functional components of the central nervous system (CNS). Sphingolipids are ubiquitous membrane components which were discovered in the brain in the late 19th century. In mammals, the brain contains the highest concentration of sphingolipids in the body. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) derived from membrane sphingolipids evokes multiple cellular responses which, depending on its concentration and localization, make S1P a double-edged sword in the brain. In the present review we highlight the role of S1P in brain development and focus on the often contrasting findings regarding its contributions to the initiation, progression and potential recovery of different brain pathologies, including neurodegeneration, multiple sclerosis (MS), brain cancers, and psychiatric illnesses. A detailed understanding of the critical implications of S1P in brain health and disease may open the door for new therapeutic options. Thus, targeting S1P-metabolizing enzymes and/or signaling pathways might help overcome, or at least ameliorate, several brain illnesses.
Prognosis of hospitalised adult patients with respiratory syncytial virus infection: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Héloïse Celante, Nadia Oubaya, Slim Fourati, Sébastien Beaune, Mehdi Khellaf, Enrique Casalino, Jean-Damien Ricard, Antoine Vieillard-Baron, Nicholas Heming, Armand Mekontso Dessap, Etienne de Montmollin, Sarah Benghanem, Nicolas Epaillard, Richard Layese, Nicolas de Prost
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2023)
Fifteen-Year Outcomes after Monitoring, Surgery, or Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Freddie C. Hamdy, Jenny L. Donovan, J. Athene Lane, Chris Metcalfe, Michael Davis, Emma L. Turner, Richard M. Martin, Grace J. Young, Eleanor I. Walsh, Richard J. Bryant, Prasad Bollina, Andrew Doble, Alan Doherty, David Gillatt, Vincent Gnanapragasam, Owen Hughes, Roger Kockelbergh, Howard Kynaston, Alan Paul, Edgar Paez, Philip Powell, Derek J. Rosario, Edward Rowe, Malcolm Mason, James W.F. Catto, Tim J. Peters, Jon Oxley, Naomi J. Williams, John Staffurth, David E. Neal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

Between 1999 and 2009 in the United Kingdom, 82,429 men between 50 and 69 years of age received a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. Localized prostate cancer was diagnosed in 2664 men. Of these men, 1643 were enrolled in a trial to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments, with 545 randomly assigned to receive active monitoring, 553 to undergo prostatectomy, and 545 to undergo radiotherapy.
Localized Prostate Cancer — Then and Now
Authors: Oliver Sartor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

Between 1999 and 2009 in the United Kingdom, 82,429 men between 50 and 69 years of age underwent prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing as part of the Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) trial. After a median follow-up of 15 years, we can now review the results of this herculean task.1 Of the men who first joined the trial, 2664 (3.2%) received a diagnosis of localized prostate cancer. A total of 1643 men (61.7%) were randomly assigned to undergo active monitoring, prostatectomy, or radiotherapy plus a short course (3 to 6 months) of androgen-deprivation therapy. Treatments were originally stratified according . . .
Inflammation burden score in multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection
Authors: Tommaso Clemente, Roberta Caccia, Laura Galli, Andrea Galli, Andrea Poli, Giulia Carla Marchetti, Alessandra Bandera, Maurizio Zazzi, Maria Mercedes Santoro, Paola Cinque, Antonella Castagna, Vincenzo Spagnuolo
Journal: Journal of Infection (2023)
Hedgehog pathway orchestrates the interplay of histone modifications and tailors combination epigenetic therapies in breast cancer
Authors: Xiaomin Wang, Jun Xu, Yiming Sun, Siyuwei Cao, Hanlin Zeng, Nan Jin, Matthew Shou, Shuai Tang, Yi Chen, Min Huang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2023)

Epigenetic therapies that cause genome-wide epigenetic alterations, could trigger local interplay between different histone marks, leading to a switch of transcriptional outcome and therapeutic responses of epigenetic treatment. However, in human cancers with diverse oncogenic activation, how oncogenic pathways cooperate with epigenetic modifiers to regulate the histone mark interplay is poorly understood. We herein discover that the hedgehog (Hh) pathway reprograms the histone methylation landscape in breast cancer, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This facilitates the histone acetylation caused by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and gives rise to new therapeutic vulnerability of combination therapies. Specifically, overexpression of zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 1 (ZIC1) in breast cancer promotes Hh activation, facilitating the switch of H3K27 methylation (H3K27me) to acetylation (H3K27ac). The mutually exclusive relationship of H3K27me and H3K27ac allows their functional interplay at oncogenic gene locus and switches therapeutic outcomes. Using multiple in vivo breast cancer models including patient-derived TNBC xenograft, we show that Hh signaling-orchestrated H3K27me and H3K27ac interplay tailors combination epigenetic drugs in treating breast cancer. Together, this study reveals the new role of Hh signaling-regulated histone modifications interplay in responding to HDAC inhibitors and suggests new epigenetically-targeted therapeutic solutions for treating TNBC.
Heart Rate Recovery Immediately After Treadmill Exercise and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction as Predictors of Mortality
Authors: Junko Watanabe, Maran Thamilarasan, Eugene H. Blackstone, James D. Thomas, Michael S. Lauer
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background An attenuated heart rate recovery after exercise has been shown to be predictive of mortality. In prior studies, recovery heart rates were measured while patients were exercising lightly, that is, during a cool-down period. It is not known whether heart rate recovery predicts mortality when measured in the absence of a cool-down period or after accounting for left ventricular systolic function. Methods and Results We followed 5438 consecutive patients without a history of heart failure or valvular disease referred for exercise echocardiography for 3 years. Heart rate recovery was defined as the difference in heart rate between peak exercise and 1 minute later; a value ≤18 beats per minute was considered abnormal. Patients assumed the left lateral decubitus position after exercise. An abnormal heart rate recovery was present in 805 patients (15%); during follow-up, 190 died. An abnormal heart rate recovery was predictive of death (9% versus 2%, hazard ratio [HR] 3.9, 95% CI 2.9 to 5.3, P &lt;0.0001) and predicted death whether or not left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤40%) was present. After adjusting for age, sex, exercise capacity, left ventricular systolic function, presence or absence of myocardial ischemia, and other confounders, an abnormal heart rate recovery remained predictive of death (adjusted HR 2.09, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.82, P &lt;0.001). Conclusions Even in the absence of a cool-down period and even after accounting for left ventricular systolic function, heart rate recovery is a powerful and independent predictor of death.
Pitfalls in the Care of Patients With Tuberculosis
Authors: Artin Mahmoudi
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine, among a group of patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, whether there had been management practices that deviated from established guidelines, and whether these decisions were associated with the acquisition of multidrug resistance and adverse medical sequelae. <h3>Design.</h3> —Case series. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Referral center. <h3>Patients.</h3> —All patients with pulmonary tuberculosis admitted to the National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine in 1989 through 1990. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —The records of all patients referred to this institution for the treatment of tuberculosis in 1989 through 1990 were reviewed to ascertain the nature of management decisions that might have been associated with the acquisition of drug resistance. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Standards of practice as defined by the American Thoracic Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the American College of Chest Physicians were compared with these management decisions to determine whether "errors" had been made, resulting in treatment failure and the development of acquired drug resistance. <h3>Results.</h3> —Among the 35 study patients, errors were detected in the Management decisions in 28; there was an average of 3.93 errors per patient. The most common errors were the addition of a single drug to a failing regimen, failure to identify preexisting or acquired drug resistance, initiation of an inadequate primary regimen, failure to identify and address noncompliance, and inappropriate isoniazid preventive therapy. The multidrug resistance acquired through the errors resulted in prolonged hospitalizations, treatment with more toxic drugs, and high-risk resectional surgery. The costs for this "salvage therapy" were extraordinary, averaging $180000 per patient. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Aggressive professional education, tighter control on the provisions of care for tuberculosis patients, and the committing of additional resources to tuberculosis control programs are vital in improving the care of tuberculosis patients and limiting the development of acquired drug resistance. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:65-68)
Methods Used to Quit Smoking in the United States
Authors: Michael C. Fiore
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Using data from the 1986 Adult Use of Tobacco Survey, we analyzed smoking-cessation methods used by adult smokers in the United States who tried to quit. About 90% of successful quitters and 80% of unsuccessful quitters used individual methods of smoking cessation rather than organized programs. Most of these smokers who quit on their own used a "cold turkey" approach. Multivariate analysis showed that women, middle-aged persons, more educated persons, persons who had made more quit-smoking attempts, and, particularly, heavier smokers were most likely to use a cessation program. Daily cigarette consumption, however, did not predict whether persons would succeed or fail during their attempts to quit smoking. Rather, the cessation method used was the strongest predictor of success. Among smokers who had attempted cessation within the previous 10 years, 47.5% of persons who tried to quit on their own were successful whereas only 23.6% of persons who used cessation programs succeeded. We conclude that cessation programs serve a small, but important, population of smokers that includes heavier smokers, those most at risk for tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:2760-2765)
Blinking and Blepharospasm
Authors: Joseph Jankovic
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This review discusses the mechanisms of spontaneous blinking and the differential diagnosis and treatment of blepharospasm. Blinking rate is altered in various extrapyramidal disorders, suggesting an important role of the basal ganglia in generation and control of blinking. Focal dystonia is responsible for essential blepharospasm, Meige's syndrome, and tardive facial dystonia, but other biochemical, reflex, and neuromuscular mechanisms may be involved in this common and often disabling symptom. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:3160-3164)
Sedation for pediatric patients' procedures.
Authors: C Steele
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1986.4.8.1280 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3734851 Sedation for pediatric patients' procedures. C SteelexC SteeleSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1986.4.8.1280 PDF "Sedation for pediatric patients' procedures.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 4(8), p. 1280© 1986 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Chemotherapy for Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: A. Philippe Chahinian
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A combination chemotherapy (MACC) consisting of methotrexate, doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin), cyclophosphamide, and lomustine (CCNU) was given to 41 patients with stage III bronchogenic carcinoma, 34 of whom had disseminated disease. The objective response rate was 46% for all patients with a median actuarial survival of nine months. Response was seen in all cell types, including four of ten patients with squamous cell carcinoma, six of 17 with adenocarcinoma, and six of seven with small-cell anaplastic carcinoma. Prolongation of survival was apparent for patients of all cell types. Toxic reactions were moderate and allowed for easy outpatient use. (<i>JAMA</i>237:2392-2396, 1977)
A commentary on ‘Prothrombin induced by vitamin K Absence-II versus alpha-fetoprotein in detection of both resectable hepatocellular carcinoma and early recurrence after curative liver resection: a retrospective cohort study’ (Int J Surg 2022;105:106843)
Authors: Zheyu Zhou, Jinsong Liu, Xiaoliang Xu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

aDepartment of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College bSchool of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine cDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321, Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China. Tel: 86-13357851195; fax: 86-25-86560946. E-mail address: [email protected] (X. Xu). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Novel transungual drug delivery system for treating onychomycosis
Authors: Sonal Sharma, Hitesh Chopra, Rakesh Pahwa, Talha B. Emran, Inderbir Singh
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Sharma, Sonal M.Pharm.; Chopra, Hitesh PhD; Pahwa, Rakesh PhD; Emran, Talha B. PhD; Singh, Inderbir PhD Author Information
Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak re-emergence regulation in East Africa: preparedness and vaccination perspective
Authors: Sumira Malik, Archna Dhasmana, Jutishna Bora, Priyanka Uniyal, Petr Slama, Subham Preetam, Hitesh Chopra, Md. Aminul Islam, Kuldeep Dhama
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Malik, Sumira PhD; Dhasmana, Archna PhD; Bora, Jutishna PhD; Uniyal, Priyanka PhD; Slama, Petr PhD; Preetam, Subham PhD; Chopra, Hitesh PhD; Islam, Md. Aminul PhD; Dhama, Kuldeep MSc Author Information
Heavy migration of flood affectees in Pakistan and increased risk of autism spectrum disorder in children: a call to action
Authors: Syeda T. Rehan, Mariam Ahmed, Arooba N. Bukhsh, Kinza Bari, Hassan ul Hussain, Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Sohaib Asghar
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to various neurodevelopmental disabilities generally seen in kids. Pakistan, being vulnerable to natural disasters, faced one of the most devastating floods in July 2022 due to which many individuals were displaced. This not only affected the mental health of growing children but also the developing fetus of migrant mothers. This report establishes the link between the aftereffects of migration due to floods on children particularly associated with ASD in Pakistan. Flood affected families are devoid of basic necessities and are under a lot of psychological stress. On the other hand, Extensive treatment for autism is complicated, expensive, and provided in proper settings only which is not easily accessible to migrants. Considering all these factors, there are chances that ASD will be more prevalent in future generations of these migrants. Our study calls on respective authorities to take timely action for this growing concern.
Japanese encephalitis prevalence and outbreaks in Nepal and mitigation strategies: an update on this mosquito-borne zoonotic disease posing public health concerns
Authors: Ranjit Sah, Aroop Mohanty, Ranjana Rohilla, Ankush Asija, Yub Raj Sedhai, Deepak Chandran, Talha B. Emran, Nawfal R. Hussein, Anil K. Sharma, Kuldeep Dhama
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Sah, Ranjit MBBS, MD; Mohanty, Aroop MD; Rohilla, Ranjana MD; Asija, Ankush MD; Sedhai, Yub Raj MD; Chandran, Deepak PhD; Emran, Talha B. PhD; Hussein, Nawfal R. PhD; Sharma, Anil K. PhD; Dhama, Kuldeep MVSc, PhD Author Information
Extracellular matrix remodeling in tumor progression and immune escape: from mechanisms to treatments
Authors: Zhennan Yuan, Yingpu Li, Sifan Zhang, Xueying Wang, He Dou, Xi Yu, Zhiren Zhang, Shanshan Yang, Min Xiao
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2023)

The malignant tumor is a multi-etiological, systemic and complex disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and distant metastasis. Anticancer treatments including adjuvant therapies and targeted therapies are effective in eliminating cancer cells but in a limited number of patients. Increasing evidence suggests that the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in tumor development through changes in macromolecule components, degradation enzymes and stiffness. These variations are under the control of cellular components in tumor tissue via the aberrant activation of signaling pathways, the interaction of the ECM components to multiple surface receptors, and mechanical impact. Additionally, the ECM shaped by cancer regulates immune cells which results in an immune suppressive microenvironment and hinders the efficacy of immunotherapies. Thus, the ECM acts as a barrier to protect cancer from treatments and supports tumor progression. Nevertheless, the profound regulatory network of the ECM remodeling hampers the design of individualized antitumor treatment. Here, we elaborate on the composition of the malignant ECM, and discuss the specific mechanisms of the ECM remodeling. Precisely, we highlight the impact of the ECM remodeling on tumor development, including proliferation, anoikis, metastasis, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and immune escape. Finally, we emphasize ECM "normalization" as a potential strategy for anti-malignant treatment.
Bone grafting for femoral head necrosis in the past decade: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Pengqiang Lou, Guangzhi Zhou, Bo Wei, Xiaolei Deng, Decai Hou
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: Bone grafting is considered a method that can provide mechanical and structural support to the femoral head and prevent the collapse of the femoral head after core decompression (CD). However, there are no consensus guidelines on which bone grafting method is best after CD. The authors assessed the efficacy of various bone grafting modalities and CD through a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA). Materials and methods: Ten articles were retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library searches. Bone graft modalities are categorized into four, and CD is the control group: (1) CD, (2) autologous bone graft (ABG), (3) biomaterial bone graft (BBG), (4) bone graft combined with bone marrow graft (BG+BM), and (5) free vascular bone graft (FVBG). The rates of conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA), femoral head necrosis progression rate, and Harris hip score (HHS) improvement were compared among the five treatments. Results: A total of 816 hips were included in the NMA: specifically, 118 hips in CD, 334 in ABG, 133 in BBG, 113 in BG+BM, and 118 in FVBG. The NMA results show no significant differences in preventing conversion to THA and improving HHS in each group. All bone graft methods are better than CD in preventing osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) progress [ABG: odds ratio (OR)=0.21, 95% CI: 0.07–0.56; BBG: OR=0.13, 95% CI: 0.03–0.52; BG+BM: OR=0.06, 95% CI: 0.01–0.24; FVBG: OR=0.11, 95% CI: 0.02–0.38]. The rankgrams indicate that BG+BM is the best intervention in preventing conversion to THA (73%), preventing ONFH progress (75%), and improving HHS (57%), followed by the BBG in preventing conversion to THA (54%), improving HHS (38%), and the FVBG in preventing ONFH progress (42%). Conclusions: This finding indicates that bone grafting after CD is necessary to prevent ONFH progression. Moreover, bone grafts combined with bone marrow grafts and BBG seem to be effective treatment methods in ONFH.
Day care school mass shootings, emerging issues on violence to small children, an observation: correspondence
Authors: Rujittika Mungmunpuntipantip, Viroj Wiwanitkit
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

aPrivate Academic Consultant, Bangkok Thailand bHonorary professor, Dr DY Patil Medical College, Pune, India Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. *Corresponding author. Address: Private Academic Consultant, Bangkok Thailand. E-mail address: [email protected] (R. Mungmunpuntipantip). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/