tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Direct and systemic actions of growth hormone receptor (GHR)-signaling on hepatic glycolysis, de novo lipogenesis and insulin sensitivity, associated with steatosis
Authors: Mari C Vázquez-Borrego, Mercedes Del Río-Moreno, Maxim Pyatkov, André Sarmento-Cabral, Mariyah Mahmood, Natalie Pelke, Magdalena Wnek, Jose Cordoba-Chacon, David J Waxman, Michelle A Puchowicz, Owen P McGuinness, Rhonda D Kineman
Journal: Metabolism (2023)
MicroRNA-122-functionalized DNA tetrahedron stimulate hepatic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells for acute liver failure therapy
Authors: Hongyan Wei, Fenfang Li, Tiantian Xue, Haixia Wang, Enguo Ju, Mingqiang Li, Yu Tao
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2023)

As the most abundant liver-specific microRNA, microRNA-122 (miR122) played a crucial role in the differentiation of stem cells into hepatocytes. However, highly efficient miR122 delivery still confronts challenges including poor cellular uptake and easy biodegradation. Herein, we for the first time demonstrated that the tetrahedral DNA (TDN) nanoplatform had great potential in inducing the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into functional hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) by transferring the liver-specific miR122 to hMSCs efficiently without any extrinsic factors. As compared with miR122, miR122-functionalized TDN (TDN-miR122) could significantly up-regulate the protein expression levels of mature hepatocyte markers and hepatocyte-specific marker genes in hMSCs, indicating that TDN-miR122 could particularly activate the hepatocyte-specific properties of hMSCs for developing cell-based therapies in vitro. The transcriptomic analysis further indicated the potential mechanism that TDN-miR122 assisted hMSCs differentiated into functional HLCs. The TDN-miR122-hMSCs exhibited hepatic cell morphology phenotype, significantly up-regulated specific hepatocyte genes and hepatic biofunctions in comparison with the undifferentiated MSCs. Preclinical in vivo transplantation appeared that TDN-miR122-hMSCs in combination with or without TDN could efficiently rescue acute liver failure injury through hepatocyte function supplement, anti-apoptosis, cellular proliferation promotion, and anti-inflammatory. Collectively, our findings may provide a new and facile approach for hepatic differentiation of hMSCs for acute liver failure therapy. Further large animal model explorations are needed to study their potential in clinical translation in the future.
Cytomegalovirus DNAemia in haematological patients undergoing CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: should it be systematically monitored?
Authors: Carlos Solano de la Asunción, Rafael Hernani, Eliseo Albert, María Dolores Gómez, Estela Giménez, Ana Benzaquén, Eva María González-Barberá, Juan Carlos Hernández-Boluda, Ariadna Pérez, José Luis Piñana, Pedro Chorao, Manuel Guerreiro, Juan Montoro, Jaime Sanz, Carlos Solano, David Navarro
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2023)
Impact of 3-second rule for high confidence assignment on the performance of endoscopists for the real-time optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps
Authors: Jung Kim, Seon Hee Lim, Hae Yeon Kang, Ji Hyun Song, Sun Young Yang, Goh Eun Chung, Eun Hyo Jin, Ji Min Choi, Jung Ho Bae
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Confusion between high and low confidence decisions in optical diagnosis hinders the implementation of real-time optical diagnosis in clinical practice. We evaluated the effect of a 3-second rule (decision time limited to 3 seconds for a high confidence assignment) in expert and nonexpert endoscopists.This single-center prospective study included eight board-certified gastroenterologists. A 2-month baseline phase used standard real-time optical diagnosis for colorectal polyps < 10 mm and was followed by a 6-month intervention phase using optical diagnosis with the 3-second rule. Performance, including high confidence accuracy, and Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable Endoscopic Innovations (PIVI) and Simple Optical Diagnosis Accuracy (SODA) thresholds, was measured.Real-time optical diagnosis was performed on 1793 patients with 3694 polyps. There was significant improvement in high confidence accuracy between baseline and intervention phases in the nonexpert group (79.2 % vs. 86.3 %; P = 0.01) but not in the expert group (85.3 % vs. 87.5 %; P = 0.53). Using the 3-second rule improved the overall performance of PIVI and SODA in both groups.The 3-second rule was effective in improving real-time optical diagnosis performance, especially in nonexperts.
Endoscopic surveillance after resection of sessile serrated lesions: so far, so good?
Authors: Giulio Antonelli
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Polyp detection is on the rise! Since the establishment of the adenoma detection rate (ADR) as the primary quality parameter in colonoscopy [1], we have been focusing on improving our ability to detect colorectal adenomas, both through the refinement of our techniques and the growing availability and use of technological means that enhance detection capabilities. This increased awareness of the importance of meticulous mucosal inspection and the incorporation of quality assurance programs, including benchmarking, auditing, and retraining, have led to an increase in mean ADR across endoscopists and have played a decisive role in the global improvement of colonoscopy quality. However, we have also learned that not all that glitters is gold – ADR is not perfect! As a surrogate rather than direct measure of colonoscopy efficacy, it is suspectable to gaming (“one adenoma and done”) and may not reflect the colorectal cancer (CRC) risk for the individual patient or their need for surveillance colonoscopy. Indeed, up to 30 % of all CRCs appear to arise from the serrated neoplasia pathway rather than the conventional adenoma–carcinoma sequence. This raises doubts about the protective effects of a high ADR among this relatively large proportion of patients.
Intensive chemotherapy with or without gemtuzumab ozogamicin in patients with NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukaemia (AMLSG 09–09): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trial
Authors: Hartmut Döhner, Daniela Weber, Julia Krzykalla, Walter Fiedler, Michael W M Kühn, Thomas Schroeder, Karin Mayer, Michael Lübbert, Mohammed Wattad, Katharina Götze, Lars Fransecky, Elisabeth Koller, Gerald Wulf, Jan Schleicher, Mark Ringhoffer, Richard Greil, Bernd Hertenstein, Jürgen Krauter, Uwe M Martens, David Nachbaur, Maisun Abu Samra, Sigrid Machherndl-Spandl, Nadezda Basara, Claudia Leis, Anika Schrade, Silke Kapp-Schwoerer, Sibylle Cocciardi, Lars Bullinger, Felicitas Thol, Michael Heuser, Peter Paschka, Verena I Gaidzik, Maral Saadati, Axel Benner, Richard F Schlenk, Konstanze Döhner, Arnold Ganser, Hartmut Döhner, Daniela Weber, Julia Krzykalla, Walter Fiedler, Michael W.M. Kühn, Thomas Schroeder, Karin Mayer, Michael Lübbert, Mohammad Wattad, Katharina Götze, Lars Fransecky, Elisabeth Koller, Gerald Wulf, Jan Schleicher, Mark Ringhoffer, Richard Greil, Bernd Hertenstein, Jürgen Krauter, Uwe M. Martens, David Nachbaur, Maisun Abu Samra, Sigrid Machherndl-Spandl, Nadezda Basara, Claudia Leis, Anika Schrade, Silke Kapp-Schwoerer, Sibylle Cocciardi, Lars Bullinger, Felicitas Thol, Michael Heuser, Peter Paschka, Verena I. Gaidzik, Maral Saadati, Axel Benner, Richard F. Schlenk, Konstanze Döhner, Arnold Ganser
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2023)
Conservation of the Restricted Expression of Brassicaceae <i>Bsister</i>-Like Genes in Seeds Requires a Transposable Element in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>
Authors: Clemens Roessner, Amey S Bhide, Andrea Hoffmeier, Julian Schenk, Thomas Groß, Lydia Gramzow, Günter Theißen, Annette Becker
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2023)

Abstract Changes in transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) can alter the spatiotemporal expression pattern and transcript abundance of genes. Loss and gain of TFBSs were shown to cause shifts in expression patterns in numerous cases. However, we know little about the evolution of extended regulatory sequences incorporating many TFBSs. We compare, across the crucifers (Brassicaceae, cabbage family), the sequences between the translated regions of Arabidopsis Bsister (ABS)-like MADS-box genes (including paralogous GOA-like genes) and the next gene upstream, as an example of family-wide evolution of putative upstream regulatory regions (PURRs). ABS-like genes are essential for integument development of ovules and endothelium formation in seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana. A combination of motif-based gene ontology enrichment and reporter gene analysis using A. thaliana as common trans-regulatory environment allows analysis of selected Brassicaceae Bsister gene PURRs. Comparison of TFBS of transcriptionally active ABS-like genes with those of transcriptionally largely inactive GOA-like genes shows that the number of in silico predicted TFBS) is similar between paralogs, emphasizing the importance of experimental verification for in silico characterization of TFBS activity and analysis of their evolution. Further, our data show highly conserved expression of Brassicaceae ABS-like genes almost exclusively in the chalazal region of ovules. The Arabidopsis-specific insertion of a transposable element (TE) into the ABS PURRs is required for stabilizing this spatially restricted expression, while other Brassicaceae achieve chalaza-specific expression without TE insertion. We hypothesize that the chalaza-specific expression of ABS is regulated by cis-regulatory elements provided by the TE.
CAR T cell-based immunotherapy and radiation therapy: potential, promises and risks
Authors: Lusine Hovhannisyan, Carsten Riether, Daniel M Aebersold, Michaela Medová, Yitzhak Zimmer
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2023)

Abstract CAR T cell-based therapies have revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies such as leukemia and lymphoma within the last years. In contrast to the success in hematological cancers, the treatment of solid tumors with CAR T cells is still a major challenge in the field and attempts to overcome these hurdles have not been successful yet. Radiation therapy is used for management of various malignancies for decades and its therapeutic role ranges from local therapy to a priming agent in cancer immunotherapy. Combinations of radiation with immune checkpoint inhibitors have already proven successful in clinical trials. Therefore, a combination of radiation therapy may have the potential to overcome the current limitations of CAR T cell therapy in solid tumor entities. So far, only limited research was conducted in the area of CAR T cells and radiation. In this review we will discuss the potential and risks of such a combination in the treatment of cancer patients.
Attenuation of Sialylation Augments Antitumor Immunity and Improves Response to Immunotherapy in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Kankan Cao, Guodong Zhang, Moran Yang, Yiying Wang, Mengdi He, Chen Zhang, Yan Huang, Jiaqi Lu, Haiou Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2023)

Aberrant sialylation functions as an important modulator of all steps of malignant transformation. Therefore, targeting sialylation regulators, such as sialyltransferases and neuraminidases, is a potential strategy for treating cancer. Here, we found that elevated α2,3-sialyltransferase III (St3gal3) was associated with dismal prognosis in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC). St3gal3 knockdown antagonized subcutaneous tumor growth in immunocompetent, but not immunodeficient mice, with enhanced accumulation of functional CD8+ T cells and antitumor immune gene signatures. St3gal3 knockdown inhibited intraperitoneal tumor growth and repolarized tumor-associated macrophages from a protumorigenic M2-like to a tumor-suppressive M1-like phenotype. In vitro, St3gal3 knockdown tumor cells guided bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) toward the M1-like phenotype under both direct contact and distant Transwell coculture conditions. Depletion of macrophages rescued the suppressed tumor growth induced by St3gal3 knockdown and completely suppressed infiltration of functional CD8+ T cells that rely on macrophage-derived CXCL10. St3gal3 engendered an immunosuppressive HGSC microenvironment characterized by an abundance of pro-tumorigenic macrophages and reduced cytotoxic T-cell infiltration. In vivo, St3gal3 knockdown improved effectiveness of dual immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with αPD-1 and αCTLA4 antibodies. Preclinical inhibition of sialylation with ambroxol resulted in decreased tumor growth and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice, which was enhanced by the addition of dual ICB. These findings indicate that altered sialylation induced by St3gal3 upregulation promotes a tumor-suppressive microenvironment in HGSC and targeting α2,3-sialylation may reprogram the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.Blocking sialylation augments antitumor immunity and enhances response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy, highlighting a potential therapeutic approach for treating patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer.
The Effects of Sotagliflozin in Type 1 Diabetes on Clinical Markers Associated With Cardiorenal Protection: An Exploratory Analysis of inTandem3
Authors: Vikas S. Sridhar, Hiddo J.L. Heerspink, Michael J. Davies, Phillip Banks, Manon Girard, Satish K. Garg, David Z.I. Cherney
Journal: Diabetes Care (2023)
High karyotypic complexity is an independent prognostic factor in patients with CLL treated with venetoclax combinations
Authors: Moritz Fürstenau, Yvonne J. Thus, Sandra Robrecht, Clemens H. M. Mellink, Anne-Marie van der Kevie-Kersemaekers, Julie Dubois, Julia von Tresckow, Michaela Patz, Michael Gregor, Patrick Thornton, Philipp B. Staber, Tamar Tadmor, Mark-David Levin, Caspar da Cunha-Bang, Christof Schneider, Christian Bjoern Poulsen, Thomas Illmer, Björn Schöttker, Ann Janssens, Ilse Christiansen, Thomas Nösslinger, Michael Baumann, Holger Hebart, Tobias Gaska, Josien C. Regelink, Ellen C. Dompeling, Vesa Lindström, Gunnar Juliusson, Anouk Widmer, Jeroen Goede, Neta Goldschmidt, Florian Simon, Nisha De Silva, Anna-Maria Fink, Kirsten Fischer, Clemens-Martin Wendtner, Matthias Ritgen, Monika Brüggemann, Eugen Tausch, Marcel Spaargaren, Eric Eldering, Stephan Stilgenbauer, Carsten U. Niemann, Michael Hallek, Barbara Eichhorst, Karl-Anton Kreuzer, Arnon P. Kater
Journal: Blood (2023)
Made to order tuft cells by an OCA-T1 isoform switch
Authors: Xiaoli S. Wu, Christopher R. Vakoc
Journal: Science Immunology (2023)

A genetic mechanism accounts for the variation in tuft cell abundance seen among inbred mouse strains: alternative isoforms of OCA-T1 (Oct coactivator from tuft cells 1), a recently discovered transcriptional coactivator that specifies the tuft cell lineage (see related Research Article by Nadjsombati et al. ).
Screening of normal endoscopic large bowel biopsies with interpretable graph learning: a retrospective study
Authors: Simon Graham, Fayyaz Minhas, Mohsin Bilal, Mahmoud Ali, Yee Wah Tsang, Mark Eastwood, Noorul Wahab, Mostafa Jahanifar, Emily Hero, Katherine Dodd, Harvir Sahota, Shaobin Wu, Wenqi Lu, Ayesha Azam, Ksenija Benes, Mohammed Nimir, Katherine Hewitt, Abhir Bhalerao, Andrew Robinson, Hesham Eldaly, Shan E Ahmed Raza, Kishore Gopalakrishnan, David Snead, Nasir Rajpoot
Journal: Gut (2023)

Objective To develop an interpretable artificial intelligence algorithm to rule out normal large bowel endoscopic biopsies, saving pathologist resources and helping with early diagnosis. Design A graph neural network was developed incorporating pathologist domain knowledge to classify 6591 whole-slides images (WSIs) of endoscopic large bowel biopsies from 3291 patients (approximately 54% female, 46% male) as normal or abnormal (non-neoplastic and neoplastic) using clinically driven interpretable features. One UK National Health Service (NHS) site was used for model training and internal validation. External validation was conducted on data from two other NHS sites and one Portuguese site. Results Model training and internal validation were performed on 5054 WSIs of 2080 patients resulting in an area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) of 0.98 (SD=0.004) and AUC-precision-recall (PR) of 0.98 (SD=0.003). The performance of the model, named Interpretable Gland-Graphs using a Neural Aggregator (IGUANA), was consistent in testing over 1537 WSIs of 1211 patients from three independent external datasets with mean AUC-ROC=0.97 (SD=0.007) and AUC-PR=0.97 (SD=0.005). At a high sensitivity threshold of 99%, the proposed model can reduce the number of normal slides to be reviewed by a pathologist by approximately 55%. IGUANA also provides an explainable output highlighting potential abnormalities in a WSI in the form of a heatmap as well as numerical values associating the model prediction with various histological features. Conclusion The model achieved consistently high accuracy showing its potential in optimising increasingly scarce pathologist resources. Explainable predictions can guide pathologists in their diagnostic decision-making and help boost their confidence in the algorithm, paving the way for its future clinical adoption.
The orally bioavailable GSPT1/2 degrader SJ6986 exhibits in vivo efficacy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Yunchao Chang, Fatemeh Keramatnia, Pankaj S. Ghate, Gisele Nishiguchi, Qingsong Gao, Ilaria Iacobucci, Lei Yang, Divyabharathi Chepyala, Ashutosh Mishra, Anthony A. High, Hiroaki Goto, Koshi Akahane, Junmin Peng, Jun J. Yang, Marcus Fischer, Zoran Rankovic, Charles G. Mullighan
Journal: Blood (2023)
The evolution of plasticity at geographic range edges
Authors: Takuji Usui, David Lerner, Isaac Eckert, Amy L. Angert, Colin J. Garroway, Anna Hargreaves, Lesley T. Lancaster, Jean-Philippe Lessard, Federico Riva, Chloé Schmidt, Karin van der Burg, Katie E. Marshall
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2023)
Allogeneic, donor-derived, second-generation, CD19-CAR-T cell for the treatment of pediatric relapsed/refractory BCP-ALL
Authors: Francesca del Bufalo, Marco Becilli, Chiara Rosignoli, Biagio De Angelis, Mattia Algeri, Linda Hanssens, Monica Gunetti, Stefano Iacovelli, Giuseppina Li Pira, Elia Girolami, Giovanna Leone, Stefania Lazzaro, Valentina Bertaina, Matilde Sinibaldi, Stefano Di Cecca, Laura Iaffaldano, Annette Künkele, Emilia Boccieri, Giada Del Baldo, Daria Pagliara, Pietro Merli, Roberto Carta, Concetta Quintarelli, Franco Locatelli
Journal: Blood (2023)
The future of childhood immunisation
Authors: Talha Burki
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2023)

The COVID-19 pandemic has had serious consequences for childhood immunisation. The proportion of children to receive all three doses of the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine—a proxy for overall vaccine coverage—fell from 86% in 2019 to 81% in 2021. In the same period, an estimated 48 million children worldwide were entirely missed by routine immunisation campaigns. A further 19 million children did not receive their full schedule of vaccinations. With global immunisation levels now lower than in any year since 2008, UNICEF has stated that "the world is facing a red alert for children's health".
Mini-hyper-CVD plus inotuzumab ozogamicin, with or without blinatumomab, in the subgroup of older patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia: long-term results of an open-label phase 2 trial
Authors: Elias Jabbour, Nicholas J Short, Jayastu Senapati, Nitin Jain, Xuelin Huang, Naval Daver, Courtney D DiNardo, Naveen Pemmaraju, William Wierda, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Guillermo Montalban Bravo, Koji Sasaki, Tapan M Kadia, Joseph Khoury, Sa A Wang, Fadi G Haddad, Jovitta Jacob, Rebecca Garris, Farhad Ravandi, Hagop M Kantarjian
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2023)
Radical cystectomy versus trimodality therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a multi-institutional propensity score matched and weighted analysis
Authors: Alexandre R Zlotta, Leslie K Ballas, Andrzej Niemierko, Katherine Lajkosz, Cynthia Kuk, Gus Miranda, Michael Drumm, Andrea Mari, Ethan Thio, Neil E Fleshner, Girish S Kulkarni, Michael A S Jewett, Robert G Bristow, Charles Catton, Alejandro Berlin, Srikala S Sridhar, Anne Schuckman, Adam S Feldman, Matthew Wszolek, Douglas M Dahl, Richard J Lee, Philip J Saylor, M Dror Michaelson, David T Miyamoto, Anthony Zietman, William Shipley, Peter Chung, Siamak Daneshmand, Jason A Efstathiou
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2023)
A multicenter, open-label, randomized, phase II study of cediranib with or without lenalidomide in iodine 131-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: A.J. Rosenberg, C.-Y. Liao, T. Karrison, J.A. de Souza, F.P. Worden, B. Libao, M.K. Krzyzanowska, D.N. Hayes, E. Winquist, V. Saloura, K. Prescott, V.M. Villaflor, T.Y. Seiwert, R.B. Schechter, W.M. Stadler, E.E.W. Cohen, E.E. Vokes
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2023)
Virus variant-specific clinical performance of a SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test with focus on Omicron variants of concern
Authors: Linus Bornemann, Olaf Kaup, Johannes Kleideiter, Bertram Ruprecht, Annika Hoyer, Marcus Panning, Reinhard Bornemann, Michael Wehmeier
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2023)
Combination Therapy With MDM2 and MEK Inhibitors Is Effective in Patient-Derived Models of Lung Adenocarcinoma With Concurrent Oncogenic Drivers and MDM2 Amplification
Authors: Arielle Elkrief, Igor Odintsov, Vladimir Markov, Rebecca Caeser, Pawel Sobczuk, Sam E. Tischfield, Umesh Bhanot, Chad M. Vanderbilt, Emily H. Cheng, Alexander Drilon, Gregory J. Riely, William W. Lockwood, Elisa de Stanchina, Vijaya G. Tirunagaru, Robert C. Doebele, Álvaro Quintanal-Villalonga, Charles M. Rudin, Romel Somwar, Marc Ladanyi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2023)
Organic solvent exposure and systemic sclerosis: A retrospective cohort study based on the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group registry
Authors: Anastasiya Muntyanu, Raymond Milan, Elham Rahme, Murray Baron, Elena Netchiporouk, M. Baron, M. Hudson, G. Gyger, J. Pope, M. Larche, N. Khalidi, A. Masetto, E. Sutton, T.S. Rodriguez Reyna, N. Maltez, C. Thorne, P.R. Fortin, A. Ikic, D. Robinson, N. Jones, S. LeClercq, P. Docherty, D. Smith, M.J. Fritzler, E. Kaminska
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2023)
Synthetic Self‐Adjuvanted Lipopeptide Vaccines Conferred Protection against <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection
Authors: Ruo‐Yi Xue, Chang Liu, Jia‐Qi Wang, Yan Deng, Rang Feng, Guo‐Cheng Li, Jing‐Yi Liu, Hao Cheng, Shan‐ Shan Zhang, Hao Duan, Zhe Jin, Quan‐Ming Zou, Hai‐Bo Li
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonizes the stomach epithelium of half the world's population and is responsible for various digestive diseases and even stomach cancer. Vaccine-mediated protection against H. pylori infection depends primarily on the specific mucosal and T-cell responses. In this study, the synthetic lipopeptide vaccines, Hp4 (Pam2 Cys modified UreB T-cell epitope) and Hp10 (Pam2 Cys modified CagA T/B cell combined epitope), not only induce the bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) maturation by activating a variety of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptor (TLR), Nod-like receptor (NLR), and retinoic acid-inducing gene (RIG) I-like receptor (RLR), and but also stimulate BMDCs to secret cytokines that have the potential to modulate T-cell activation and differentiation. Although intranasal immunization with Hp4 or Hp10 elicits robust epitope-specific T-cell responses in mice, only Hp10 confers protection against H. pylori infection, possibly due to the fact that Hp10 also induces substantial specific sIgA response at mucosal sites. Interestingly, Hp4 elevates the protective response against H. pylori infection of Hp10 when administrated in combination, characterized by better protective effect and enhanced specific T-cell and mucosal antibody responses. The results suggest that synthetic lipopeptide vaccines based on the epitopes derived from the protective antigens are promising candidates for protection against H. pylori infection.