tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical School Admission Criteria
Authors: Michael J. Scotti
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Davidson and Lewis<sup>1</sup>report on 20 years of experience with a special admission program at the University of California, Davis, School of Medicine (UC Davis). This school, like the other allopathic medical schools and osteopathic medical colleges in the United States, is blessed with a surfeit of applicants: UC Davis had 5162 formal applicants in 1997, from which it obtained 93 newly entering students (H. Jonas, oral communication, September 1997). The task of the medical admissions committee is to select those best qualified from the larger number of qualified applicants. See also p 1153. The easy way to select medical students is to compare numerical data such as preapplication test scores on standardized examinations and grade point averages (GPAs). These factors are predictive of future performance in like examinations and similar course work, but they may contribute only moderately to answering the question of which applicants are best qualified.
Clinical Trial Investigators Talk About Getting the Data
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

WHAT ARE the challenges and the problems involved in conducting clinical trials? To add perspective to the other reports in this section, MEDICAL NEWS asked 3 investigators who are experienced in running, managing, and reviewing clinical trials for their opinion. Darrell Abernethy, MD, is director of the Clinical Research Center at Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; William R. Harlan, MD, is associate director for disease prevention at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Md; and Robert Temple, MD, is director of the Office of Drug Evaluation 1, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, at the US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md. <h3>JAMA:</h3> When did clinical trials begin? How have they changed over the years? Have investigators become smarter about the number of subjects needed to ensure statistical significance, for example? <h3>Dr Harlan:</h3> Clinical trials as we know them today may not have started until after
Friction Rub in Acute Cholecystitis: An Unusual Finding
Authors: Gary G. Nicholas
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The usual signs and symptoms of acute cholecystitis have been well described.<sup>1</sup>The picture is one of a patient with pain in the right hypochondrium with associated vomiting and fever. The signs include tenderness with guarding and rigidity in the right hypochondrium, although fibrinous adhesions from the gallbladder to surrounding structures are common findings at the time of operation. A friction rub over the surface of the acutely inflamed gallbladder may not have been previously described.<sup>2</sup>The following case report illustrates this finding, not mentioned in standard texts. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 45-year-old white man with a history of aphasia and memory loss underwent an exploratory craniotomy, at which time a falx meningioma was removed through a left frontoparietal incision. The postoperative course was complicated by severe cerebral edema resulting in a marked expressive aphasia and dense right hemiplegia. Three weeks following surgery, the
Preventive Screening for the Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Gillian Turner, Hazel Robinson, Susan Laing, Stuart Purvis-Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

In an Australian population of 1.2 million, we screened 1977 intellectually handicapped persons, who were identified through the public schools and sheltered workshops, for the X-linked semidominant fragile X syndrome. We excluded 527 because they had another known diagnosis. The remaining 1450 were offered chromosomal analysis. Of the 1117 who consented (77 percent), an additional 196 were excluded, and among the 921 who were tested cytogenetically, 40 probands were found. Prevalence rates for persons with an intellectual handicap and the fragile X syndrome in the public school population were 1:2610 for males and 1:4221 for females. Family studies identified 84 women who were either obligate carriers or at high risk of being carriers, who were under the age of 35 and had no children. These women were given genetic counseling, and the availability of antenatal diagnosis was explained to them. If each of these 84 women had two children, 27 of their sons would have an intellectual handicap. We recommend cytogenetic screening for the fragile X syndrome in all currently identified intellectually handicapped people, followed by routine screening of children newly identified as intellectually handicapped in the school system. (N Engl J Med 1986; 315:607–9.)
Regional Minor Surgery, Describing the Treatment of Those Conditions Daily Encountered by the General Practitioner.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The 1983 AMA Annual Meeting
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Physicians of the United States, you have every reason to be proud of, and pleased with, your American Medical Association, whether or not you are a member. The representative process of the House of Delegates has done it again. At the June 19 through 23, 1983, meeting, 73 Board, Council, Officer, and staff reports and 150 resolutions were considered by eight reference committees, proceeding through democratic process toward rejection, referral for further study, filing, amendment, or adoption. Forty-six reports and 56 resolutions were adopted, many after amendments. As Lester King, MD, has stated in his definitive history of MEDICINE IN THE USA: HISTORICAL VIGNETTES, "A medical society is not a philanthropic or altruistic organization. It exists for the sake of its members."1 But, it is wonderful to be a member of a profession in which actions that benefit the members are so often actions that also benefit patients specifically and
The Principles and Practice of Medicine. Designed for the Use of Practitioners and Students of Medicine.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Coffee and Methylxanthines and Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

A dietary case-control study based on 818 newly diagnosed breast cancer (BC) patients was conducted in Israel between 1975 and 1978. The role of coffee and total methylxanthine intake from coffee, tea, cola, chocolate, and cocoa drinks was evaluated in the BC patients as compared to that in two matched control populations [surgical controls (SC) and neighborhood controls (NC)]. Because it has been suggested that caffeine enhances mammary carcinogenesis in rats fed high polyunsaturated fat diets, analysis was done also in relation to fat consumption. When comparison was done to both matched control groups, a nonsignificant negative association was found between consumption of cups of coffee and BC (odds ratios of ≥4 cups of coffee/day vs. ≤1 per week = 0.6 for BC/NC and 0.7 for BC/SC). This association was observed in all 3 ethnic subgroups studied. The pattern was stronger among the high-fat consumers after controlling for several hormonal confounding factors (two-tailed P-value for linear trend = 0.06 for SC and P = 0.05 for NC). In addition, when the consumption of methylxanthine of BC patients was compared to that of benign breast patients, adjusted by age and ethnic group, a diminished risk was found (odds ratio for BC of the highest level of methylxanthine vs. lowest level = 0.59)
Current Medical Literature
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Aggressive Phase of Multiple Myeloma With Pulmonary Plasma Cell Infiltrates
Authors: Harinder Garewal
Journal: JAMA (1982)

AN AGGRESSIVE, terminal phase of plasma cell myeloma has been recently recognized.<sup>1,2</sup>It is usually characterized by fever, pancytopenia, rapidly enlarging soft-tissue masses, and decreasing or stable levels of myeloma protein, with tumor morphological characteristics similar to those of a poorly differentiated or large-cell lymphoma. Death usually ensues in two to six months. We describe herein a patient with multiple myeloma whose condition had remained in plateau phase<sup>3</sup>for five years and who then had an acute pneumonialike illness with rapidly progressive pulmonary infiltrates and fever, leading to his death due to respiratory failure within several days. Both antemortem and postmortem tissue examination conclusively showed that the pulmonary infiltrates were due to plasma cell invasion and not infection. Results of serial measurements of serum protein spikes as well as bone marrow studies, including thymidine-labeling indices<sup>4</sup>and in vitro stem-cell drug sensitivity assays,<sup>5</sup>throughout the course of
FDA committee questions Fluosol efficacy; US approval not imminent
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Don't look for perfluorochemical blood substitutes to become available in the United States any time soon. The Food and Drug Administration's Blood Products Advisory Committee has unanimously agreed that the perfluorocarbon oxygen transport fluid Fluosol-DA 20% is not yet ready for release. Recommendations by such committees are forwarded to the Commissioner of the FDA. Fluosol-DA is manufactured by the Green Cross Corporation, Osaka, Japan, which has licensed Alpha Therapeutic Corporation, Los Angeles, to distribute it in the United States. The substance is approved for marketing in Canada, Holland, and Italy. Members of the committee, headed by chair Joseph R. Bove, MD, director of the Blood Transfusion Service at Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Conn, did not quarrel with the findings of the clinical data presented to them but said they did not think there was sufficient evidence of efficacy—as yet. "Looking over the data [from a multicenter study], the treated
A Reference Handbook of the Medical Sciences, Embracing the Entire Range of Scientific and Practical Medicine and Allied Science.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PALINDROMIC RHEUMATISM
Authors: Jozef Rovenský, Juraj Payer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1947)

Palindromic rheumatism is an inflammatory rheumatic disease characterised by recurrent attacks of arthritis confined to one or more peripheral joints. Each episode of arthritis rarely lasts more than 14 days, and subsides without leaving any residues.Three patients with palindromic arthritis are presented, and the literature reviewed.The clinical and laboratory characteristics of the three patients were similar to those generally described for palindromic rheumatism. Two patients developed seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and one patient developed chronic seronegative polyarthritis.Palindromic rheumatism may evolve into chronic polyarthritis.
The Narrative of a Busy Life: An Autobiography.
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Length of Survival With Brain Metastases
Authors: Joaquin G. Mira
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Burgess et al (1979;242:2084) in their article state that "patients who develop brain metastases had a longer survival." Okin and Brandstetter (1980;243:2154), commenting on this article, state that "further evaluation of this apparently prolonged survival of patients with brain metastases is in order." The statement of Burgess and his associates is puzzling. Are metastases in the brain (MB) a good prognostic sign? Also, along these lines, if these patients have a better prognosis, should any effort be made to prevent this complication? Is prophylactic brain irradiation in small cell bronchogenic carcinoma (SCBC) unnecessary? The main question to be answered is, why is the median survival prolonged in these patients? The answer lies in the studies of Hansen<sup>1</sup>(mentioned by Burgess et al) and that of Newman and Hansen.<sup>2</sup>Hansen proved that in patients with SCBC treated with chemotherapy but without brain irradiation "the chances of
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 24, 20 December 1995, Pages 1835–1836, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.24.1835 Published: 20 December 1995
Comparison of the Sensitivity of Hematopoietic Colony-Forming Cells in Different Proliferative States to 5-Fluorouracil&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Bruce, W. Robert, Meeker, B. E.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

Journal Article Comparison of the Sensitivity of Hematopoietic Colony-Forming Cells in Different Proliferative States to 5-Fluorouracil Get access W. Robert Bruce, W. Robert Bruce Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, and The Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto 5, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. E. Meeker B. E. Meeker Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, and The Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto 5, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 38, Issue 3, March 1967, Pages 401–405, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/38.3.401 Published: 01 March 1967 Article history Received: 25 July 1966 Published: 01 March 1967
Comparison of the effects of torasemide and furosemide in nonazotemic cirrhotic patients with ascites: A randomized, double-blind study
Authors: Giacomo Laffi, Fabio Marra, Giampiero Buzzelli, Giuseppe Azzena, Egidio Meacci, Maria Laura De Feo, Giorgio La Villa, Paolo Gentilini
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

In a randomized double-blind trial we compared the effects of torasemide, a new loop diuretic, and furosemide in nonazotemic cirrhotic patients with ascites during a 3-day period in association with potassium canrenoate (200 mg/day) administration. Doses of loop diuretics administered in this trial (10 and 25 mg/day of torasemide and furosemide, respectively) had been shown to be equipotent in healthy subjects. Torasemide induced significantly greater natriuresis than furosemide (p <0.02), with a twofold greater percentage increase in basal values (day 1: 130% vs. 50%; day 2: 104% vs. 42%; and day 3: 65% vs. 26%, respectively). Body weight loss was significantly higher during torasemide (p < 0.02) administration, and the overall decrease at the end of the treatment was twice as high for furosemide (2.5 ± 0.6 kg vs. 1.3 ± 0.4 kg, respectively). Diuresis was also higher during torasemide administration, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.08). The extent of kaliuresis observed during the two treatments was almost identical despite the striking differences in the natriuretic response. The effects of the two treatments on plasma electrolytes, creatinine clearance, blood urea nitrogen, mean arterial pressure, heart rate and plasma arginine vasopressin concentration were similar. Both drugs caused increases in plasma renin activity at the end of the treatment, whereas plasma aldosterone concentration slightly increased only after torasemide administration. Despite the presence of a trend toward a more pronounced effect on these parameters after torasemide administration, no significant difference between the two treatments was observed. Blood ammonia increased compared with pretreatment values after furosemide, whereas it remained unmodified after torasemide administration (from 90 ± 15 μg to 112 ± μg and from 87 ± 15 μg to 80 ± 16 μg NH3-N/dl, respectively; p < 0.05 between treatments). The results of this trial indicate that torasemide is suitable for the treatment of sodium and water retention in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Further investigation is needed to assess the long-term tolerability and effectiveness of this new loop diuretic. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:1101–1105.)
Resurgence of Congenital Rubella Syndrome in the 1990s
Authors: Susan H. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess previous missed opportunities for rubella screening and vaccination of women delivering infants with congenital rubella syndrome and to discuss prevention strategies. <h3>Design.</h3> —Descriptive analysis of data collected through interviews and review of medical records. <h3>Population Studied.</h3> —Twenty-one women who delivered infants with congenital rubella syndrome in four Southern California counties from January 1, 1990, through January 8, 1991. <h3>Results.</h3> —Twelve (57%) of the women had a total of 22 known missed opportunities for rubella screening or vaccination. Of the 22 missed opportunities, three (14%) were missed screenings at the time of marriage, two (9%) were missed screenings during previous pregnancies, five (23%) were missed screenings during induced abortions, and 12 (55%) were missed opportunities for vaccination postpartum or after induced abortions. Nine (43%) of the women had no known missed opportunities for rubella screening or vaccination. Of 12 women educated in California, only four (33%) were subject to the 1982 California school rubella immunization requirement. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Congenital rubella syndrome could have been prevented in more than half of the infants born to these women if missed opportunities for rubella testing and/or vaccination had not occurred. Because premarital rubella testing and school immunization requirements do not ensure that all women of childbearing age are immune to rubella, physicians and hospitals should establish procedures for postpartum rubella vaccination of susceptible women. Family planning and abortion clinics should implement routine rubella testing and follow-up vaccination of susceptible women. (JAMA. 1992;267:2616-2620)
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 15, 4 August 1993, Pages 1195–1197, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.15.1195-a Published: 04 August 1993