tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Periumbilical Purpura in Disseminated Strongyloidiasis
Authors: Robert E. Kalb
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<i>STRONGYLOIDES stercoralis</i>, an intestinal nematode commonly known as the human threadworm, affects an estimated 34 million people in the world.<sup>1</sup>Chronic infection is often asymptomatic and may persist for many years after the normal host has left an endemic area. Immunocompromised patients may develop a fulminant illness due to a unique process in the life cycle of<i>S stercoralis</i>in which there are dramatic increases in the number of filariform (infective) larvae. The association between disseminated strongyloidiasis and immunosuppression was first noted in 1966<sup>2-4</sup>and has been well confirmed since then. We describe a patient with fatal disseminated strongyloidiasis who developed a periumbilical purpuric eruption in which<i>S stercoralis</i>larvae were found on antemortem skin biopsy specimens. We believe this is the first case of widespread skin involvement in disseminated strongyloidiasis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 62-year-old woman was admitted to Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, because
A Handbook of Experimental Pathology.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Current Status of the Coronary Prone Behaviour Pattern
Authors: Derek W Johnston
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1993)

Despite over 30 years of increasingly vigorous research it is still not possible to claim with acceptable certainty that there is an identifiable pattern of coronary prone behaviour nor to say with any confidence that the idea is misguided. The scientific process that leads from initial tentative findings through generation of a hypothesis, to rigorous and cumulative tests of that hypothesis has not happened. Instead there has been a rather erratic series of positive and negative studies, and the generation and modification of essentially rather similar hypotheses. As a result we are still in the position of claiming that there may be a pattern of behaviour that predicts CHD and that it is probable that hostility is involved. It is not clear why the idea is so persistent but it may well lie in the combination of a widely held lay belief that heart disease relates to stress and personality, with tantalizing positive findings occurring every few years. While there has been little increase in understanding of the role of behavioural factors in CHD as a result of this 30 years of endeavour there have been clinical benefits. It has clearly been shown that what are regarded as coronary prone behaviours can readily be modified and that their modification appears to confer some health benefits and no detectable health hazards.
Methotrexate and misoprostol vs misoprostol alone for early abortion. A randomized controlled trial
Authors: M. D. Creinin
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To compare the safety and efficacy of early abortion by administration of methotrexate and misoprostol vs administration of misoprostol alone. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized controlled trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —San Francisco (Calif) General Hospital. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Pregnant women at 56 days' gestation or less seeking elective abortion. Sixty-three women volunteered for the trial; 61 completed the study and are included in the analysis. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Intramuscular administration of 50 mg of methotrexate per square meter of body surface area followed 3 days later by vaginal administration of 800 μg of misoprostol (group 1) or the same dose of misoprostol given alone (group 2). The misoprostol dose was repeated 24 hours later if abortion had not occurred. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Successful abortion, duration of vaginal bleeding, side effects, and change in β—human chorionic gonadotropin β-hCG) level. An abortion was considered successful if the pregnancy ended without requiring a surgical procedure. <h3>Results.</h3> —Complete abortion occurred in 28 (90%) of 31 patients in group 1 and 14 (47%) of 30 patients in group 2 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Seventeen (61%) of the 28 women in group 1 who aborted did so the same day as misoprostol administration; vaginal bleeding lasted a mean (±SD) of 10 (±4) days, and β-hCG level was less than or equal to 10 IU/L by a mean of 31 (±6) days after methotrexate administration. The 11 other women in group 1 who aborted did so after a mean delay of 29 (±11) days; vaginal bleeding lasted 7 (±4) days, and β-hCG level was less than or equal to 10 IU/L by a mean of 24 (±11) days after the abortion. There were three treatment failures in group 1: two ongoing pregnancies (6%) and one incomplete abortion (3%). For the 14 women with successful abortions in group 2, vaginal bleeding lasted a mean of 10 (±6) days and β-hCG level was less than or equal to 10 IU/L by a mean of 39 (±18) days after the misoprostol. There were 16 treatment failures in group 2: eight ongoing pregnancies (27%), and eight incomplete abortions (27%). Methotrexate side effects were minimal. Misoprostol side effects were diarrhea in 18% and nausea and vomiting in 5%. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Methotrexate and vaginal misoprostol are more effective than misoprostol alone. Both drugs are available throughout the United States, and both drugs are inexpensive. This combination may offer an alternative to the use of antiprogestin and prostaglandin for medical abortion. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:1190-1195)
A 69-Year-Old Woman With the Sudden Onset of Severe Pain in the Right Knee
Authors: Robert A. Yood
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>History</h3> A 69-year-old woman, previously in good health, awoke with the sudden onset of severe pain in the lateral aspect of her right knee. No history of trauma was obtained. On examination the right knee was cool and stable, with evidence of a small effusion. Tenderness over the lateral joint line of the knee was elicited. Roentgenograms of the knee were initially interpreted as being normal (Fig 1), and she was treated with indomethacin without receiving any benefit. One week later a 10-mL effusion in the joint was aspirated. A study of the synovial fluid showed a WBC count of 150/cu mm and an RBC count of 50/cu mm; the mucin clot was considered good. No crystals were present, and the results of the cultures were negative. Severe pain occurring both at rest and with ambulation continued. Eighteen days after the onset of pain, a technetium Tc 99m methylene diphosphonate
Subclavian Vein Catheterization During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Steven Dronen
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Percutaneous access to the central venous circulation is indicated in the management of some cardiopulmonary arrests. We prospectively studied 89 attempted subclavian vein catheterizations in a total of 76 patients. There were 44 supraclavicular (SC) and 45 infraclavicular (IC) approaches. We found that the percutaneous SC route provides a better technique than the IC approach: it is associated with fewer failures, less difficulty in the mechanics of line insertion, a higher incidence of proper catheter tip location, and much less interference with cardiopulmonary resuscitation in normal, obese, and cachectic patient subgroups. Successful performance occurred despite a documented lack of physician experience with the SC technique, indicating that it should be taught during advanced cardiac life support training courses. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:3227-3230)
The American Medical Directory.
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Inactivated
Authors: K. E. Jensen
Journal: JAMA (1965)

An experimental vaccine was prepared with<i>Mycoplasma pneumonia</i>, the agent of primary atypical pneumonia. Its injection elicited antibody in rabbits and monkeys and induced resistance to multiplication of myoplasma in lungs of vaccinated hamsters. The vaccine was well tolerated in preliminary studies with 36 human subjects, and encouraging evidence of antigenicity was obtained when 25 of 30 developed significant rises in mycoplasma growth-inhibiting antibody titers. The response was best (17 of 19) in men in whom prevaccination antibody was absent or low. The vaccine was prepared with a new culture medium in which chloroform extract of egg yolk and a chemically defined salt-amino acid-vitamin solution was substituted for the allergenic horse serum and beef infusion components of standard medium.
Notice of Duplicate Publication
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sleep-Wake Disorders Based on a Polysomnographic Diagnosis
Authors: Richard M. Coleman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Under the organizational aegis of Project Sleep and the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers (ASDC), nearly 5,000 patient records from 11 sleep-wake disorders clinics were analyzed in a cooperative study. These cases represented the diagnostic experience of each of these centers over a two-year period. Each patient underwent polysomnographic study, and his or her condition was diagnosed according to the ASDC classification system, a new, standardized nosology of sleep disorders medicine. The most common major diagnostic category was "disorders of excessive sleepiness (hypersomnia)," 42%; this was followed by "disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (insomnia)," 26%; "penile tumescence evaluations for impotency," 17%; "parasomnias," 3%; and "disorders of the sleep-wake schedule," 2%. If the impotency evaluations performed in the sleep clinics are removed from the total, leaving only the population that was studied because of sleep complaints, the proportions of the diagnostic categories are hypersomnia, 51%; insomnia, 31%; parasomnias, 15%; and sleep-wake schedule disturbances, 3%. The most prevalent diagnoses in the hypersomnia category were sleep apnea (43%) and narcolepsy (25%). Psychiatric disorders (35%) comprised the most frequent group of insomnia diagnoses, though a variety of other disorders were common. The applications of these results for the practicing physician are discussed. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:997-1003)
Stimulatory and Inhibitory Activities of Lung-Conditioned Medium on the Growth of Normal and Neoplastic Cells in Vitro&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Bożena Szaniawska, Sławomir Majewski, Marek J. Kamiński, Krystyna Noremberg, Małgorzata Świerz, Przemysław Janik
 6
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Lung-conditioned medium (LCM) was obtained by incubation of BALB/c mouse lung tissue fragments in serum-free Eagle medium for 48 hours and subsequent separation by dialysis or chromatography on a Sephadex G-75 column. LCM fractions were tested for their ability to modulate proliferation of normal human endothelial cells and neoplastic cells (N2a, MCF, HEp-2) in vitro as assessed by plating efficiency and tritiated thymidine incorporation assays. It was found that LCM contained two kinds of factors, either stimulating (molecular weight: 50,000–70,000) or inhibiting (molecular weight: 12,000–20,000 and 3,000–5,000) cell proliferation.
Roentgenographic Findings in Infants With Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Authors: Tsu F. Yeh
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Aspiration of meconium produces respiratory distress of various severity and outcome. To evaluate whether the initial chest roentgenogram (0 to 8 hours of age) can be used to predict the outcome, an analysis of 80 cases with clinical and roentgenographic features of aspiration syndrome was undertaken. Infiltration was seen in 62, consolidation or atelectasis in 44, hyperinflation in 37, air leak in 25, pleural effusion in 16, and increased cardiothymic shadow in 16. Consolidation or atelectasis, most commonly associated with thick meconium aspiration, appeared to be the most significant determinant of poor outcome. Infants who had consolidation or atelectasis were more ill, had lower pH, higher fraction of inspired oxygen, higher alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients, and required longer duration of oxygen intake than those infants who had no consolidation or atelectasis. Thus, the initial chest roentgenogram can be used for predicting outcome in infants with meconium aspiration syndrome. (<i>JAMA</i>242:60-63, 1979)
Calcium Metabolism during Rifampicin and Isoniazid Therapy for Tuberculosis
Authors: W Perry, M A Erooga, J Brown, T C B Stamp
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1982)

Calcium metabolism was studied in 83 patients during eighteen months' rifampicin and isoniazid therapy for tuberculosis by measurements including calcium, alkaline phosphatase and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC). Five out of 52 Indian patients in the series were found to have osteomalacia, a prevalence probably no higher than in the Asian population in the UK at large. Moreover, osteomalacia responded to physiological supplementation with vitamin D. One European out of 31 had osteomalacia due to low vitamin D intake. Serum calcium was compared in 17 patients before and after six months of antituberculous chemotherapy but no significant difference was detected ( P&gt;0.1). Two Indian patients were in positive calcium balance with low to normal plasma 25-HCC levels, indicating that an effect on 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D activity during therapy was unlikely. It is concluded that rifampicin when combined with isoniazid has no significant effect on calcium metabolism over an eighteen-month treatment period.
The Science and Practice of Surgery.
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Asymptomatic gonorrhea
Authors: H. Raba
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The results of our studies showed that: 1. Asymptomatic gonorrhea occurred in about 70% of infected women, and in 10 to 15% of infected men; 2. Asymptomatic rectal gonorrhea occurred in 15% of those women with positive cervical cultures, and in 20% of infected women was the sole site of a positive culture; 3. The rectal site should be examined for N. gonorrhoeae both in diagnosis and in testing for cure; 4. Pharyngeal gonorrhea occurred in 22% of patients who were named as gonorrhea contacts and practiced fellatio. In 13% of this group (four cases) the pharynx was the only site of a positive culture.
Lazaroids and deferoxamine attenuate the intracellular effects of oxyhaemoglobin in vascular smooth muscle
Authors: B. Vollrath, P. Chan, M. Findlay, D. Cook
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Objectives: While it is probable that the cerebrovascular spasm which occurs after subarachnoid haemorrhage results from the action of haemoglobin, the mechanism of that process remains unclear. These studies were thus designed to test the hypothesis that the action of oxyhaemoglobin results from the iron-catalyzed formation of free radicals and subsequent lipid peroxidation resulting in intracellular changes in the second messengers for contraction. Methods: Levels of intracellular calcium and of inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate were measured in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells derived from primate cerebral arteries. Contractility of rings of canine cerebral vessels were examined in vitro using standard pharmacological techniques. Vessels in spasm were obtained from the "two haemorrhage" canine model and the presence of vasospasm was confirmed angiographically. In each case, the effects of oxyhaemoglobin and sometimes of free radicals generated from iron salts were examined in the presence and in the absence of free-radical scavenging agents or the iron chelating agent, deferoxamine. Results: Oxyhaemoglobin produces a slowly-developing sustained contraction of arterial rings which is accompanied by a sustained elevation of intracellular calcium. It also produces a transient but significant elevation of inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate, but this is not correlated with the development of sustained constriction. Deferoxamine and the lazaroid compounds U-74389G and U-83836E were effective in preventing the effects of oxyhaemoglobin and free radicals in the models tested, although in vessels in spasm, all effects were smaller. Conclusions: The present study provides results which are consistent with the hypothesis that the actions of haemoglobin on vascular smooth muscle are mediated by the formation of free radicals which subsequently affect intracellular calcium concentrations. This also implies that agents which impair free radical production or other processes leading to iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation, are of potential value in cerebrovascular spasm.
Olestra and the FDA
Authors: Henry Blackburn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Olestra, a polyester of sucrose and six or more triglycerides, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on January 24 as a nondigestible substitute for fat in snack foods, after a long review of the petition from its manufacturer, Procter & Gamble. Procter & Gamble's patent on Olestra, extended by an act of Congress in 1994, was due to expire on January 25.Olestra is a technical novelty. Unfortunately, there is almost no relevant scientific literature on its potential health effects, except for studies conducted by Procter & Gamble. Many experts believe that neither the purported benefit of . . .
Suggestive Evidence of Hepatotoxicity Concomitant With Thioridazine Hydrochloride Use
Authors: Melvin J. Reinhart
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Evidence suggestive of hepatotoxicity concomitant with the use of the antipsychotic tranquilizer thioridazine hydrochloride was seen in three cases. The first case with a history of increased serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) levels while taking chlorpromazine (Thorazine) responded to thioridazine with elevated values of alkaline phosphatase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). Clinical jaundice was noted. The second case with a history of parkinsonism and photosensitivity reaction on chlorpromazine presented with an increase in SGPT levels which progressively rose under continued administration of thioridazine. Concurrent pruritus, fatigue, and dark-colored urine accompanied the elevated transaminase levels. In the third case, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase values rose with thioridazine usage. Despite these findings, treatment with the medication (thioridazine) was maintained with a resultant return to normal values of the SGPT and alkaline phosphatase.
Control of Arteriovenous Shunt Flow
Authors: Allen C. Alfrey
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The conditions of 25 patients with external arteriovenous shunts were studied to determine the factors important in control of shunt flow. Shunt flow varied between 1.9% and 9.8% of the cardiac output in seven studies performed in five patients. Change in posture, exercise, and dialysis had no consistent effect on shunt flow. Flow was primarily determined by systemic pressure, vascular reactivity, and the state of the cannulated vessels. Cold pressor test and angiotensin amide consistently increased flow in contrast to the fall in flow and increased shunt pressure induced with sympathomimetic agents. Studies in dogs demonstrated that the changes induced with the sympathomimetic agents were a consequence of arterial and venous constriction mediated through alpha-adrenergic receptors. Shunt flow and pressure measurements appeared to be useful in predicting shunt survival and determining the involved side of a malfunctioning shunt.