tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Women with Lupus Nephritis in Pregnancy Therapeutic Challenge (SWITCH): The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics experience
Authors: Joo-Young E Lee, Arielle Mendel, Anca Askanase, Sang-Cheol Bae, Jill P Buyon, Ann Elaine Clarke, Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau, Paul R Fortin, Dafna D Gladman, Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman, John G Hanly, Murat Inanç, David Alan Isenberg, Anselm Mak, Marta Mosca, Michelle Petri, Anisur Rahman, Jorge Sanchez-Guerrero, Murray Urowitz, Daniel J Wallace, Sasha Bernatsky, Évelyne Vinet
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2023)
Patritumab deruxtecan in untreated hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative early breast cancer: final results from part A of the window-of-opportunity SOLTI TOT-HER3 pre-operative study
Authors: M. Oliveira, C. Falato, J.M. Cejalvo, M. Margelí Vila, P. Tolosa, F.J. Salvador-Bofill, J. Cruz, M. Arumi, A.M. Luna, J.A. Guerra, M. Vidal, O. Martínez-Sáez, L. Paré, B. González-Farré, E. Sanfeliu, E. Ciruelos, M. Espinosa-Bravo, S. Pernas, Y. Izarzugaza, S. Esker, P.-D. Fan, P. Parul, A. Santhanagopal, D. Sellami, G. Villacampa, J.M. Ferrero-Cafiero, T. Pascual, A. Prat
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2023)
Radiomics and artificial intelligence for precision medicine in lung cancer treatment
Authors: Mitchell Chen, Susan J. Copley, Patrizia Viola, Haonan Lu, Eric O. Aboagye
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2023)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It exhibits, at the mesoscopic scale, phenotypic characteristics that are generally indiscernible to the human eye but can be captured non-invasively on medical imaging as radiomic features, which can form a high dimensional data space amenable to machine learning. Radiomic features can be harnessed and used in an artificial intelligence paradigm to risk stratify patients, and predict for histological and molecular findings, and clinical outcome measures, thereby facilitating precision medicine for improving patient care. Compared to tissue sampling-driven approaches, radiomics-based methods are superior for being non-invasive, reproducible, cheaper, and less susceptible to intra-tumoral heterogeneity. This review focuses on the application of radiomics, combined with artificial intelligence, for delivering precision medicine in lung cancer treatment, with discussion centered on pioneering and groundbreaking works, and future research directions in the area.
Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Updates and Challenges
Authors: Matti L Gild, Roderick J Clifton-Bligh, Lori J Wirth, Bruce G Robinson
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2023)

Abstract A personalized approach to the management of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) presents several challenges; however, in the past decade significant progress has been made in both diagnostic and treatment modalities. Germline rearranged in transfection (RET) testing in multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 and 3, and somatic RET testing in sporadic MTC have revolutionized the treatment options available to patients. Positron emission tomography imaging with novel radioligands has improved characterization of disease and a new international grading system can predict prognosis. Systemic therapy for persistent and metastatic disease has evolved significantly with targeted kinase therapy especially for those harboring germline or somatic RET variants. Selpercatinib and pralsetinib are highly selective RET kinase inhibitors that have shown improved progression-free survival with better tolerability than outcomes seen in earlier multikinase inhibitor studies. Here we discuss changes in paradigms for MTC patients: from determining RET alteration status upfront to novel techniques for the evaluation of this heterogenous disease. Successes and challenges with kinase inhibitor use will illustrate how managing this rare malignancy continues to evolve.
Association of BCG Vaccine Treatment With Death and Dementia in Patients With Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Marc S. Weinberg, Affan Zafar, Colin Magdamo, Sun Young Chung, Wesley H. Chou, Madhur Nayan, Mayuresh Deodhar, Daniel M. Frendl, Adam S. Feldman, Denise L. Faustman, Steven E. Arnold, Bella Vakulenko-Lagun, Sudeshna Das
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance The BCG vaccine—used worldwide to prevent tuberculosis—confers multiple nonspecific beneficial effects, and intravesical BCG vaccine is currently the recommended treatment for non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Moreover, BCG vaccine has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD), but previous studies have been limited by sample size, study design, or analyses. Objective To evaluate whether intravesical BCG vaccine exposure is associated with a decreased incidence of ADRD in a cohort of patients with NMIBC while accounting for death as a competing event. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study was performed in patients aged 50 years or older initially diagnosed with NMIBC between May 28, 1987, and May 6, 2021, treated within the Mass General Brigham health care system. The study included a 15-year follow-up of individuals (BCG vaccine treated or controls) whose condition did not clinically progress to muscle-invasive cancer within 8 weeks and did not have an ADRD diagnosis within the first year after the NMIBC diagnosis. Data analysis was conducted from April 18, 2021, to March 28, 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was time to ADRD onset identified using diagnosis codes and medications. Cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression after adjusting for confounders (age, sex, and Charlson Comorbidity Index) using inverse probability scores weighting. Results In this cohort study including 6467 individuals initially diagnosed with NMIBC between 1987 and 2021, 3388 patients underwent BCG vaccine treatment (mean [SD] age, 69.89 [9.28] years; 2605 [76.9%] men) and 3079 served as controls (mean [SD] age, 70.73 [10.00] years; 2176 [70.7%] men). Treatment with BCG vaccine was associated with a lower rate of ADRD (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69-0.99), with an even lower rate of ADRD in patients aged 70 years or older at the time of BCG vaccine treatment (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60-0.91). In competing risks analysis, BCG vaccine was associated with a lower risk of ADRD (5-year risk difference, −0.011; 95% CI, −0.019 to −0.003) and a decreased risk of death in patients without an earlier diagnosis of ADRD (5-year risk difference, −0.056; 95% CI, −0.075 to −0.037). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, BCG vaccine was associated with a significantly lower rate and risk of ADRD in a cohort of patients with bladder cancer when accounting for death as a competing event. However, the risk differences varied with time.
Planning for the next pandemic: what <i>The BMJ’</i> s research team learnt from covid-19
Authors: Elizabeth Loder, Jocalyn Clark
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Planning for the next pandemic: what The BMJ’s research team learnt from covid-19 Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Trends in Methadone Dispensing for Opioid Use Disorder After Medicare Payment Policy Changes
Authors: Erin A. Taylor, Jonathan H. Cantor, Ashley C. Bradford, Kosali Simon, Bradley D. Stein
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance A significant proportion of Medicare beneficiaries have a diagnosed opioid use disorder (OUD). Methadone and buprenorphine are both effective medications for the treatment of OUD (MOUDs); however, Medicare did not cover methadone until 2020. Objective To examine trends in methadone and buprenorphine dispensing among Medicare Advantage (MA) enrollees after 2 policy changes in 2020 related to methadone access. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional analysis of temporal trends in methadone and buprenorphine treatment dispensing assessed MA beneficiary claims from January 1, 2019, through March 31, 2022, captured by Optum’s Clinformatics Data Mart. Of 9 870 791 MA enrollees included in the database, 39 252 had at least 1 claim for methadone, buprenorphine, or both during the study period. All available MA enrollees were included. Subanalyses by age and dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid status were conducted. Exposures Study exposures were (1) the Centers for Medicare &amp;amp;amp; Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare bundled payment reimbursement policy for OUD treatment and (2) the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration and CMS Medicare policies designed to facilitate access to treatment for OUD, specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic. Main Outcomes and Measures Study outcomes were trends in methadone and buprenorphine dispensing by beneficiary characteristics. National methadone and buprenorphine dispensing rates were calculated as claims-based dispensing rates per 1000 MA enrollees. Results Among the 39 252 MA enrollees with at least 1 MOUD dispensing claim (mean age, 58.6 [95% CI, 58.57-58.62] years; 45.9% female), 195 196 methadone claims and 540 564 buprenorphine pharmacy claims were identified, for a total of 735 760 dispensing claims. The methadone dispensing rate for MA enrollees was 0 in 2019 because the policy did not allow any payment until 2020. Claims rates per 1000 MA enrollees were low initially, increasing from 0.98 in the first quarter of 2020 to 4.71 in the first quarter of 2022. Increases were primarily associated with dually eligible beneficiaries and beneficiaries younger than 65 years. National buprenorphine dispensing rates were 4.64 per 1000 enrollees in quarter 1 of 2019, increasing to 7.45 per 1000 enrollees in quarter 1 of 2022. Conclusions and Relevance This cross-sectional study found that methadone dispensing increased among Medicare beneficiaries after the policy changes. Rates of buprenorphine dispensing did not provide evidence that beneficiaries substituted buprenorphine for methadone. The 2 new CMS policies represent an important first step in increasing access to MOUD treatment for Medicare beneficiaries.
Estimated US Pediatric Hospitalizations and School Absenteeism Associated With Accelerated COVID-19 Bivalent Booster Vaccination
Authors: Meagan C. Fitzpatrick, Seyed M. Moghadas, Thomas N. Vilches, Arnav Shah, Abhishek Pandey, Alison P. Galvani
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in the pediatric population include disease and hospitalization, leading to school absenteeism. Booster vaccination for eligible individuals across all ages may promote health and school attendance. Objective To assess whether accelerating COVID-19 bivalent booster vaccination uptake across the general population would be associated with reduced pediatric hospitalizations and school absenteeism. Design, Setting, and Participants In this decision analytical model, a simulation model of COVID-19 transmission was fitted to reported incidence data from October 1, 2020, to September 30, 2022, with outcomes simulated from October 1, 2022, to March 31, 2023. The transmission model included the entire age-stratified US population, and the outcome model included children younger than 18 years. Interventions Simulated scenarios of accelerated bivalent COVID-19 booster campaigns to achieve uptake that was either one-half of or similar to the age-specific uptake observed for 2020 to 2021 seasonal influenza vaccination in the eligible population across all age groups. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were estimated hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions, and isolation days of symptomatic infection averted among children aged 0 to 17 years and estimated days of school absenteeism averted among children aged 5 to 17 years under the accelerated bivalent booster campaign simulated scenarios. Results Among children aged 5 to 17 years, a COVID-19 bivalent booster campaign achieving age-specific coverage similar to influenza vaccination could have averted an estimated 5 448 694 (95% credible interval [CrI], 4 936 933-5 957 507) days of school absenteeism due to COVID-19 illness. In addition, the booster campaign could have prevented an estimated 10 019 (95% CrI, 8756-11 278) hospitalizations among the pediatric population aged 0 to 17 years, of which 2645 (95% CrI, 2152-3147) were estimated to require intensive care. A less ambitious booster campaign with only 50% of the age-specific uptake of influenza vaccination among eligible individuals could have averted an estimated 2 875 926 (95% CrI, 2 524 351-3 332 783) days of school absenteeism among children aged 5 to 17 years and an estimated 5791 (95% CrI, 4391-6932) hospitalizations among children aged 0 to 17 years, of which 1397 (95% CrI, 846-1948) were estimated to require intensive care. Conclusions and Relevance In this decision analytical model, increased uptake of bivalent booster vaccination among eligible age groups was associated with decreased hospitalizations and school absenteeism in the pediatric population. These findings suggest that although COVID-19 prevention strategies often focus on older populations, the benefits of booster campaigns for children may be substantial.
Ethical Concerns for Amnioinfusions to Treat Early-Onset Anhydramnios
Authors: Omri David Soffer, Teri J. Mauch, Melissa A. Muff-Luett
Journal: JAMA (2023)

This Viewpoint discusses the long-term medical, emotional, and financial implications of using amnioinfusion to treat anhydramnios; outlines the ongoing Renal Anhydramnios Fetal Therapy (RAFT) trial, which aims to document outcomes and survival in infants after amnioinfusion; and suggests that amnioinfusions be withheld in early anhydramnios, pending the findings of the RAFT trial.
Error in Results and Figure 1
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Chun Li, MD; Jianlin Huang, MD; Huaxiang Wu, MD; Fen Li, MD; Yi Zhao, MD; Zhenchun Zhang, MD; Shengguang Li, MD; Hua Wei, MD; Miaojia Zhang, MD; Hongsheng Sun, MD; Jing Yang, MD; Qin Li, MD; Xiaomei Li, MD; Wufang Qi, MD; Wei Wei, MD; Yasong Li, MD; Zhenbin Li, MD; Yongfu Wang, MD; Fengxiao Zhang, MD; Henglian Wu, MD; Zongwen Shuai, MD; Zhenbiao Wu, MD; Yi Li, PhD; Shengsong Jia, MS; Yuhua Jia, MD; Fei Xiao, MD; Rong Mu, MD; Zhanguo Li, MD
Perceived Influence of Incentives on COVID-19 Vaccination Decision-making and Trust
Authors: Laura J. Faherty, Gerald P. Hunter, Pierrce Holmes, Jeanne S. Ringel
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

This survey study examines the prevalence of incentive receipt for COVID-19 vaccination and the association of various sociodemographic characteristics with perspectives on incentives’ influence on trust in the COVID-19 vaccine.
Identifying Patients for Intensive Blood Pressure Treatment Based on Cognitive Benefit
Authors: Lama Ghazi, Jincheng Shen, Jian Ying, Catherine G. Derington, Jordana B. Cohen, Zachary A. Marcum, Jennifer S. Herrick, Jordan B. King, Alfred K. Cheung, Jeff D. Williamson, Nicholas M. Pajewski, Nick Bryan, Mark Supiano, Josh Sonnen, William S. Weintraub, Tom H. Greene, Adam P. Bress
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Intensive vs standard treatment to lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) reduces risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia; however, the magnitude of cognitive benefit likely varies among patients. Objective To estimate the magnitude of cognitive benefit of intensive vs standard systolic BP (SBP) treatment. Design, Setting, and Participants In this ad hoc secondary analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT), 9361 randomized clinical trial participants 50 years or older with high cardiovascular risk but without a history of diabetes, stroke, or dementia were followed up. The SPRINT trial was conducted between November 1, 2010, and August 31, 2016, and the present analysis was completed on October 31, 2022. Intervention Systolic blood pressure treatment to an intensive (&amp;amp;lt;120 mm Hg) vs standard (&amp;amp;lt;140 mm Hg) target. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was a composite of adjudicated probable dementia or amnestic MCI. Results A total of 7918 SPRINT participants were included in the analysis; 3989 were in the intensive treatment group (mean [SD] age, 67.9 [9.2] years; 2570 [64.4%] men; 1212 [30.4%] non-Hispanic Black) and 3929 were in the standard treatment group (mean [SD] age, 67.9 [9.4] years; 2570 [65.4%] men; 1249 [31.8%] non-Hispanic Black). Over a median follow-up of 4.13 (IQR, 3.50-5.88) years, there were 765 and 828 primary outcome events in the intensive treatment group and standard treatment group, respectively. Older age (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 SD, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.78-1.96]), Medicare enrollment (HR per 1 SD, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.35-1.49]), and higher baseline serum creatinine level (HR per 1 SD, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.19-1.29]) were associated with higher risk of the primary outcome, while better baseline cognitive functioning (HR per 1 SD, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.41-0.44]) and active employment status (HR per 1 SD, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.42-0.46]) were associated with lower risk of the primary outcome. Risk of the primary outcome by treatment goal was estimated accurately based on similar projected and observed absolute risk differences (C statistic = 0.79). Higher baseline risk for the primary outcome was associated with greater benefit (ie, larger absolute reduction of probable dementia or amnestic MCI) of intensive vs standard treatment across the full range of estimated baseline risk. Conclusions and Relevance In this secondary analysis of the SPRINT trial, participants with higher baseline projected risk of probable dementia or amnestic MCI gained greater absolute cognitive benefit from intensive vs standard SBP treatment in a monotonic fashion. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01206062
Deadly Marburg virus outbreak received sustained attention: What can we learn from the existing studies?
Authors: Kunming Cheng, Qiang Guo, Shuqin Gu, Haiyang Wu, Cheng Li
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

aDepartment of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China bDepartment of Orthopedics, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China cDuke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA dDepartment of Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China eDuke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA fDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Beijing, China gCenter for Musculoskeletal Surgery (CMSC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany Kunming Cheng and Qiang Guo These authors have contributed equally to this work. The data underlying this article will be shared by the corresponding author on reasonable request. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. *Corresponding author. Address: E-mail address: [email protected] (C. Li). *Corresponding author. Address: Duke University Durham, NC UNITED STATES. E-mail address: [email protected] (H. Wu). Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. Direct URL citations are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website, www.journal-surgery.net. Published online ■ ■ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Prognostic role of minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope for perioperative morbidity and long-term survival in resectable patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer: a prospective study using propensity score overlap weighting
Authors: Yaoshan Dun, Shaoping Wu, Ni Cui, Randal J. Thomas, Ray W. Squires, Thomas P. Olson, Karl P. Sylvester, Siqian Fu, Chunfang Zhang, Yang Gao, Yang Du, Ning Xu, Suixin Liu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

The role of minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production ( / CO 2 ) slope, a ventilation efficiency marker, in predicting short-term and long-term health outcomes for patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing lung resection has not been well investigated.This prospective cohort study consecutively enrolled NSCLC patients who underwent a presurgical cardiopulmonary exercise test from November 2014 to December 2019. The association of / CO 2 slope with relapse-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and perioperative mortality was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards and logistic models. Covariates were adjusted using propensity score overlap weighting. The optimal cut-off point of the E/ CO 2 slope was estimated using the receiver operating characteristics curve. Internal validation was completed through bootstrap resampling.A cohort of 895 patients [median age (interquartile range), 59 (13) years; 62.5% male] was followed for a median of 40 (range, 1-85) months. Throughout the study, there were 247 relapses or deaths and 156 perioperative complications. The incidence rates per 1000 person-years for relapses or deaths were 108.8 and 79.6 among patients with high and low E/ CO 2 slopes, respectively [weighted incidence rate difference per 1000 person-years, 29.21 (95% CI, 7.30-51.12)]. A E/ CO 2 slope of greater than or equal to 31 was associated with shorter RFS [hazard ratio for relapse or death, 1.38 (95% CI, 1.02-1.88), P =0.04] and poorer OS [hazard ratio for death, 1.69 (1.15-2.48), P =0.02] compared to a lower / CO 2 slope. A high E/ CO 2 slope increased the risk of perioperative morbidity compared with a low E/ CO 2 slope [odds ratio, 2.32 (1.54-3.49), P <0.001].In patients with operable NSCLC, a high E/ CO 2 slope was significantly associated with elevated risks of poorer RFS, OS, and perioperative morbidity.
Insight into the history and trends of surgical simulation training in education: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Guoqiao Chen, Shengxi Jin, Qiming Xia, Zhifei Wang, Zhaoqi Shi, Guojun Chen, Yucai Hong, Xiaoxiao Fan, Hui Lin
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: Surgical simulation training enables surgeons to acquire clinical experience or skills from the operating room to the simulation environment. Historically, it has changed with advances in science and technology. Moreover, no previous study has analyzed this field from the bibliometric analysis dimension. The study aimed to review changes in surgical simulation training worldwide using bibliometric software. Materials and Methods: Two searches were performed on the core collection database, Web of Science (WOS), regarding data from 1991 to the end of 2020 using three topic words (surgery, training, and simulation). From January 1 st , 2000, to May 15 th , 2022, the keyword ‘robotic’ was added for the hotspot exploration. The data were chiefly analyzed by publication date, country, author(s), and keywords using bibliometric software. Results: A total of 5,285 articles were initially analyzed, from which it was clear that laparoscopic skill, three-dimensional (3D) printing, and virtual reality (VR) were the main focuses during those study periods. Subsequently, 348 publications on robotic surgery training were identified. Conclusion: This study systematically summarizes the current status in the field of surgical simulation training and provides insights into the research focuses and future hotspot in a global context.