tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Binge Drinking, Other Substance Use Up in Midlife Adults
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Atherosclerotic Coronary Plaque Regression and Risk of Adverse Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Iulia Iatan, Meijiao Guan, Karin H. Humphries, Eunice Yeoh, G. B. John Mancini
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

The association between changes in atherosclerotic plaque induced by lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs) and reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) remains controversial.
Mezigdomide plus Dexamethasone in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Paul G. Richardson, Suzanne Trudel, Rakesh Popat, María-Victoria Mateos, Annette J. Vangsted, Karthik Ramasamy, Joaquín Martinez-Lopez, Hang Quach, Robert Z. Orlowski, Mario Arnao, Sagar Lonial, Chatchada Karanes, Charlotte Pawlyn, Kihyun Kim, Albert Oriol, Jesus G. Berdeja, Paula Rodríguez Otero, Ignacio Casas-Avilés, Alessia Spirli, Jennifer Poon, Shaoyi Li, Jing Gong, Lilly Wong, Manisha Lamba, Daniel W. Pierce, Michael Amatangelo, Teresa Peluso, Paulo Maciag, Jessica Katz, Michael Pourdehnad, Nizar J. Bahlis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

Despite recent progress, multiple myeloma remains incurable. Mezigdomide is a novel cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase modulator with potent antiproliferative and tumoricidal activity in preclinical models of multiple myeloma, including those resistant to lenalidomide and pomalidomide. In this phase 1–2 study, we administered oral mezigdomide in combination with dexamethasone to patients with relapsed and refractory myeloma. The primary objectives of phase 1 (dose-escalation cohort) were to assess safety and pharmacokinetics and to identify the dose and schedule for phase 2. In phase 2 (dose-expansion cohort), objectives included the assessment of the overall response (partial response or better), safety, and efficacy of mezigdomide plus dexamethasone at the dose and schedule determined in phase 1. In phase 1, a total of 77 patients were enrolled in the study. The most common dose-limiting toxic effects were neutropenia and febrile neutropenia. On the basis of the phase 1 findings, investigators determined the recommended phase 2 dose of mezigdomide to be 1.0 mg, given once daily in combination with dexamethasone for 21 days, followed by 7 days off, in each 28-day cycle. In phase 2, a total of 101 patients received the dose identified in phase 1 in the same schedule. All patients in the dose-expansion cohort had triple-class–refractory multiple myeloma, 30 patients (30%) had received previous anti–B-cell maturation antigen (anti-BCMA) therapy, and 40 (40%) had plasmacytomas. The most common adverse events, almost all of which proved to be reversible, included neutropenia (in 77% of the patients) and infection (in 65%; grade 3, 29%; grade 4, 6%). No unexpected toxic effects were encountered. An overall response occurred in 41% of the patients (95% confidence interval [CI], 31 to 51), the median duration of response was 7.6 months (95% CI, 5.4 to 9.5; data not mature), and the median progression-free survival was 4.4 months (95% CI, 3.0 to 5.5), with a median follow-up of 7.5 months (range, 0.5 to 21.9). The all-oral combination of mezigdomide plus dexamethasone showed promising efficacy in patients with heavily pretreated multiple myeloma, with treatment-related adverse events consisting mainly of myelotoxic effects. (Funded by Celgene, a Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; CC-92480-MM-001 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03374085; EudraCT number, 2017-001236-19.)
Limitations of the PREHAB Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Thea C. Heil, Marcel G. M. Olde Rikkert, Johannes H. W. de Wilt
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta for Nontraumatic Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage in the US
Authors: Matthew Ashbrook, Vincent Cheng, Nathan Kohrman, Morgan Schellenberg, Matthew Martin, Kenji Inaba, Kazuhide Matsushima
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

This cohort study describes the use of and outcomes for resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta for managing nontraumatic gastrointestinal bleeding.
Aged hematopoietic stem cells entrap regulatory T cells to create a prosurvival microenvironment
Authors: Weinian Liao, Chaonan Liu, Ke Yang, Jun Chen, Yiding Wu, Shuzhen Zhang, Kuan Yu, Lisha Wang, Li Ran, Mo Chen, Fang Chen, Yang Xu, Song Wang, Fengchao Wang, Qian Zhang, Jinghong Zhao, Lilin Ye, Changhong Du, Junping Wang
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2023)
Wise interventions consider the person and the situation together
Authors: Gregory M Walton, David S Yeager
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract Chater &amp; Loewenstein (C&amp;L) ignore the long history by which social scientists have developed more nuanced and ultimately more helpful ways to understand the relationship between persons and situations. This tradition is reflected and advanced in a large literature on “wise” social–psychological or mindset interventions, which C&amp;L do not discuss yet mischaracterize.
Most Fish Oil Supplements Make Unsupported Claims
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Modification of the GRACE Risk Score for Risk Prediction in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Georgios Georgiopoulos, Simon Kraler, Matthias Mueller-Hennessen, Dimitrios Delialis, Georgios Mavraganis, Kateryna Sopova, Florian A. Wenzl, Lorenz Räber, Moritz Biener, Barbara E. Stähli, Eleni Maneta, Luke Spray, Juan F. Iglesias, Jose Coelho-Lima, Simon Tual-Chalot, Olivier Muller, François Mach, Norbert Frey, Daniel Duerschmied, Harald F. Langer, Hugo Katus, Marco Roffi, Giovanni G. Camici, Christian Mueller, Evangelos Giannitsis, Ioakim Spyridopoulos, Thomas F. Lüscher, Konstantinos Stellos, Kimon Stamatelopoulos
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score, a guideline-recommended risk stratification tool for patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), does not consider the extent of myocardial injury.
FDA Approves Maternal RSV Vaccine
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The “hearts-and-minds frame”: Not all i-frame interventions are ineffective, but education-based interventions can be particularly bad
Authors: Ariella S. Kristal, Shai Davidai
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract Pitting i-frame policies against s-frame policies inadvertently propagates a false dichotomy that fails to distinguish between effective i-frame policies that directly change behaviors and ineffective education-based i-frame policies that try to change people's hearts and minds. We argue that people's fixation on changing hearts and minds may be an obstacle for behavioral science in policy.
“More effective” is not necessarily “better”: Some ethical considerations when influencing individual behaviour
Authors: Rebecca C H Brown
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract Chater &amp; Loewenstein make a persuasive case for focusing behavioural research and policy making on s- rather than i-interventions. This commentary highlights some conceptual and ethical issues that need to be addressed before such reform can be embraced. These include the need to adjudicate between different conceptions of “effectiveness,” and accounting for reasonable differences between how people weight different values.
Blood and Urinary Metal Levels among Exclusive Marijuana Users in NHANES (2005–2018)
Authors: Katlyn E. McGraw, Anne E. Nigra, Joshua Klett, Marisa Sobel, Elizabeth C. Oelsner, Ana Navas-Acien, Xin Hu, Tiffany R. Sanchez
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2023)

Marijuana is the third most used drug in the world.Because the cannabis plant is a known scavenger of metals, we hypothesized that individuals who use marijuana will have higher metal biomarker levels compared with those who do not use.We combined data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2018) for n=7,254 participants, classified by use: non-marijuana/non-tobacco, exclusive marijuana, exclusive tobacco, and dual marijuana and tobacco use. Five metals were measured in blood and 16 in urine using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; urinary metals were adjusted for urinary creatinine.Participants reporting exclusive marijuana use compared with non-marijuana/non-tobacco use had statistically significantly higher mean cadmium levels in blood [1.22μg/L (95% CI: 1.11, 1.34); p<0.001] and urine [1.18μg/g (95% CI: 1.0, 1.31); p=0.004] and statistically significantly higher mean lead levels in blood [1.27μg/dL (95% CI: 1.07, 1.50); p=0.006] and urine [1.21μg/g (95% CI: -0.006, 1.50); p=0.058].Our results suggest marijuana is a source of cadmium and lead exposure. Research regarding cannabis use and cannabis contaminants, particularly metals, should be conducted to address public health concerns related to the growing number of cannabis users. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12074.
Conspiracy theory
Authors: Cass R Sunstein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract Chater &amp; Loewenstein, superb and distinguished social scientists, have misfired. Their complaint is baseless: In the real world of policymaking, behavioral science is mostly being used to reform systems, not to alter individual behavior. Nor is there empirical support for the proposition that interventions aimed at helping individuals make systemic reform less likely.
Where next for behavioral public policy?
Authors: Nick Chater, George Loewenstein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract Our target article distinguishes between policy approaches that seek to address societal problems through intervention at the level of the individual (adopting the “i-frame”) and those that seek to change the system within which those individuals live (adopting the “s-frame”). We stress also that a long-standing tactic of corporations opposing systemic change is to promote the i-frame perspective, presumably hoping that i-frame interventions will be largely ineffective and more importantly will be seen by the public and some policy makers as a genuine alternative to systemic change. We worry that the i-frame focus of much of behavioral science has inadvertently reinforced this unhelpful focus on the individual. In this response to commentators, we identify common themes, build on the many constructive suggestions to extend our approach, and reply to concerns. We argue, along with several commentators, that a key role of behavioral public policy is to clarify how to build support for systemic reforms for which there is a broad consensus in the policy community, but which are opposed by powerful special interests.
Adverse Childhood Experiences as Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Ann Marie Navar, Sadiya S. Khan, Clyde W. Yancy
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
SEL1L preserves CD8+ T-cell survival and homeostasis by fine-tuning PERK signaling and the IL-15 receptor-mediated mTORC1 axis
Authors: Yafeng Gao, Wenhui Li, Zhenghao Wang, Cangang Zhang, Yaping He, Xiaowei Liu, Kexin Tang, Weiguo Zhang, Qiaoming Long, Yong Liu, Jinping Zhang, Baojun Zhang, Lianjun Zhang
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2023)
The social sciences are increasingly ill-equipped to design system-level reforms
Authors: Michelle Jackson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract Our social policy landscape is characterized by incrementalism, while public calls for more radical reform get louder. But the social sciences cannot be relied upon to generate a steady stream of radical, system-level policies. Long-standing trends in social science – in particular, increasing specialization, an increasing emphasis on causal inference, and the growing replication crisis – are barriers to system-level policy development.
When nudges have societal-level impact
Authors: Eric J Johnson, Kellen Mrkva
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract Individual-level research in behavioral science can have massive impact and create system-level changes, as several recent mandates and other policy actions have shown. Although not every nudge creates long-term behavior change, defaults and other forms of choice architecture can not only change individual behavior but also reduce inequities and lead to changes in public policy and norms.
Ki-67, 21-Gene Recurrence Score, Endocrine Resistance, and Survival in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Janghee Lee, Young-jin Lee, Soong June Bae, Seung Ho Baek, Yoowon Kook, Yoon Jin Cha, Jong Won Lee, Byung Ho Son, Sei Hyun Ahn, Hee Jin Lee, Gyungyub Gong, Joon Jeong, Sae Byul Lee, Sung Gwe Ahn
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Both high 21-gene recurrence score (RS) and high Ki-67 level are poor prognostic factors in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)–positive ERBB2 -negative (ER+/ ERBB− ) breast cancer; however, a discrepancy between the 2 has been noted. Survival differences according to these 2 biomarkers are not well known. Objective To assess the associations between RS and Ki-67 expression and between Ki-67 expression and recurrence-free survival in patients with ER+/ ERBB− breast cancer with low RS. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included women treated for ER+/ ERBB2 − breast cancer who underwent the 21-gene RS test from March 2010 to December 2020 in 2 hospitals in Korea. Exposures Recurrence score and Ki-67 level. Main Outcomes and Measures A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to examine the association of Ki-67 with recurrence-free survival (RFS), while a binary logistic regression model was used to examine the association between Ki-67 and secondary endocrine resistance. High Ki-67 expression was defined as 20% or greater, and low genomic risk as an RS of 25 or less. Secondary endocrine resistance was defined as breast cancer recurrence that occurred after at least 2 years of endocrine therapy and during or within the first year after completing 5 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy. Results A total of 2295 female patients were included (mean [SD] age, 49.8 [9.3] years), of whom 1948 (84.9%) were in the low genomic risk group and 1425 (62.1%) had low Ki-67 level. The median follow-up period was 40 months (range, 0-140 months). The RS and Ki-67 level had a moderate correlation ( R = 0.455; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Of the patients with low Ki-67 level, 1341 (94.1%) had low RS, whereas 607 of 870 patients with high Ki-67 level (69.8%) had low RS. In patients with low RS, the RFS differed significantly according to Ki-67 level (low Ki-67, 98.5% vs high Ki-67, 96.5%; P = .002). Among the 1807 patients with low genomic risk who did not receive chemotherapy, high Ki-67 level was independently associated with recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.27-4.96; P = .008). Recurrence after 3 years differed significantly according to Ki-67 level (low Ki-67, 98.7% vs high Ki-67, 95.7%; P = .003), whereas recurrence within 3 years did not differ (low Ki-67, 99.3% vs high Ki-67, 99.3%; P = .90). In addition, Ki-67 was associated with secondary endocrine resistance in patients with low RS who did not receive chemotherapy (odds ratio, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.13-5.50; P = .02). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of patients with ER+/ ERBB2 − breast cancer, a moderate correlation was observed between Ki-67 and RS, and high Ki-67 level in patients with low genomic risk was associated with increased risk of secondary endocrine resistance.
SIRT3 Regulates Clearance of Apoptotic Cardiomyocytes by Deacetylating Frataxin
Authors: Jing Gao, Chenglin Huang, Linghui Kong, Wugang Zhou, Mengwei Sun, Tong Wei, Weili Shen
Journal: Circulation Research (2023)

Efferocytosis is an activity of macrophages that is pivotal for the resolution of inflammation in hypertension. The precise mechanism by which macrophages coordinate efferocytosis and internalize apoptotic cardiomyocytes remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether SIRT3 (sirtuin-3) is required for both apoptotic cardiomyocyte engulfment and anti-inflammatory responses during efferocytosis.We generated myeloid SIRT3 knockout mice and FXN (frataxin) knock-in mice carrying an acetylation-defective lysine to arginine K189R mutation (FXNK189R). The mice were given Ang II (angiotensin II) infusion for 7 days. We analyzed cardiac macrophages' mitochondrial iron levels, efferocytosis activity, and phenotype both in vivo and in vitro.We showed that SIRT3 deficiency exacerbated Ang II-induced downregulation of the efferocytosis receptor MerTK (c-Mer tyrosine kinase) and proinflammatory cytokine production, accompanied by disrupted mitochondrial iron homeostasis in cardiac macrophages. Quantitative acetylome analysis revealed that SIRT3 deacetylated FXN at lysine 189. Ang II attenuated SIRT3 activity and enhanced the acetylation level of FXNK189. Acetylated FXN further reduced the synthesis of ISCs (iron-sulfur clusters), resulting in mitochondrial iron accumulation. Phagocytic internalization of apoptotic cardiomyocytes increased myoglobin content, and derived iron ions promoted mitochondrial iron overload and lipid peroxidation. An iron chelator deferoxamine improved the levels of MerTK and efferocytosis, thereby attenuating proinflammatory macrophage activation. FXNK189R mice showed improved macrophage efferocytosis, reduced cardiac inflammation, and suppressed cardiac fibrosis.The SIRT3-FXN axis has the potential to resolve cardiac inflammation by increasing macrophage efferocytosis and anti-inflammatory activities.
Genomic Portraits: Reflections into a tumor's response to therapy
Authors: Susan F. Slovin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

Summary Well-annotated matched tissue specimens both before and after initiation of androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) have revealed activation of unique signaling pathways and genomic signatures that identify a profile to guide therapy. A recent study represents the largest prospective biospecimen banking protocol to study mechanisms of resistance to ARSIs. See related article by Menssouri et al., p. 4504