tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Discontinuation of cervical spine immobilisation
Authors: A M Collier, D. A Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (1997)

More widespread public debate on rationing is essentialEditor-We find it significant that none of the clinicians who contributed to the conference "Rationing in the NHS: Time to Get Real" signed the open letter to Frank Dobson. 1 In the letter, rationing is defined as occurring when not all health services can be provided to everybody who might benefit from them, a definition so broad that it can be said always to have existed.Yet most British clinicians would not recognise the examples given as rationing.A young woman with high cholesterol as a single risk factor for coronary heart disease may be "denied" drug treatment and given dietary advice instead simply because the risks of side effects outweigh the marginal benefit; this is rational, not rationing.Again, "denying" magnetic resonance imaging for uncomplicated migraine in a young person has nothing to do with cost: the risks of iatrogenic anxiety and distress are far greater than any possible benefit from such intervention.The authors do the cause of so called smart rationing a disservice by these examples.This debate is too important to be "dumbed down" in this way.Whenever rationing is discussed there is a tension between those whose professional discipline (health economics, medical ethics, or policy analysis) allows them to work with broad underlying principles and those who are constantly brought face to face with the limitations of these principles through daily contact with patients.The former are much more likely to believe that it is possible and appropriate to base all rationing decisions on a series of well argued principles.Life for the latter is far messier: it is often impossible to apply broad principle to individual cases, let alone find a "currency of comparison" 2 that will enable the claims of, for example, a dying older person on an understaffed geriatric ward to be ranked against those of a patient with multiple sclerosis who might benefit from interferon beta.Struggling to make these sorts of comparisons is painful; the examples given in the open letter tax no one and thereby offer false hope of easy solutions.It is because the choices are difficult that more widespread public debate is essential.Only through such a debate can we all, as citizens, realise what is happening to the NHS, consider if that is the NHS that we want, and decide how much of our taxes an NHS worthy of the name deserves.
Elements of Hygiene and Public Health for the Use of Medical Students and Practitioners.
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Manual of the Diseases of Children.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Current Medical Literature
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Utilization of Nonaccepted Premedical Students
Authors: Carroll B. Andrews
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The, EDITORIALS, "The Medical Manpower Shortage" and "Americans in Foreign Medical Schools" (<b>217</b>:1857, 1971), and the article, "Foreign Medical Schools" (<b>217</b>:1845, 1971), reveal an unexploited medical manpower pool of 14,000 "nonaccepted" medical students, 53.85% of the 26,000 applicants in 1971. Many of these disappointed, better-than-average third- and fourth-year university and college students warrant a chance to earn the right to become a physician. The field of opportunity is on the civilian medical firing line of perimeter medicine. Young physician replacements for the older primary physician are practically non-existent in these areas of greatest need. Present efforts to produce doctors and allied health personnel for the innumerable areas in need of adjunctive community medical care services for the ambulatory type of patients are of token proportions. Primary medical care is the focal point for early diagnosis coupled with adequate treatment to provide the foundation for prevention
Incontinence in Old People
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cigarette Smoking Among Successive Birth Cohorts of Men and Women in the United States During 1900–1980&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Jeffrey E. Harris
 4
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Trends in cigarette smoking among successive cohorts of men and women were reconstructed from smoking histories of respondents to the 1978–1980 Health Interview Surveys. Estimated smoking rates among the older cohorts were then adjusted for the differential mortality of cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. By 1920, over half of the young male population smoked cigarettes. Not until 1950 did more than a third of the young female population smoke cigarettes. The proportion of men who ever smoked cigarettes progressively declined with each successive cohort born after 1920. By contrast, the proportion of women who ever smoked declined only among cohorts born after 1940. Cessation of cigarette smoking from age 30 years onward was observed for all cohorts of men. Cessation rates accelerated for men who reached age 30 after 1960. By contrast, smoking cessation from age 30 was observed only for women who reached age 30 after 1950. Cessation rates accelerated only for women who reached age 30 after 1970. For each cohort, recent smoking cessation rates for men have exceeded those for women. Maximum exposure to cigarette smoking probably occurred among men who are now in their seventh and eighth decades. By contrast, peak exposure to smoking probably occurred among women who are now only in their fifth and sixth decades.
Levels of Environmental Endotoxin and Prevalence of Atopic Disease
Authors: Jose E. Gereda
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
POS0339 POINTS TO CONSIDER AT THE EARLIEST STAGES OF THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS/MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION SYNDROME (HLH/MAS)
Authors: B. Shakoory, A. Geerlinks, M. Wilejto, K. Kernan, E. Demirkaya, A. Ravelli, R. Sinha, R. Goldbach-Mansky, F. De Benedetti, R. Marsh, S. Canna
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)

Background Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) are life-threatening systemic hyperinflammatory syndromes that occur in many contexts and are often called by many names. They nevertheless can progress rapidly, and early identification and management are critical for preventing organ failure and mortality. Objectives The purpose of this effort was to develop a series of ‘points to consider’ to assist clinicians at the earliest stages of evaluation and diagnosis, management, and monitoring of patients with HLH/MAS in order to improve patient outcomes. Methods A working group of adult and pediatric rheumatologists (14), hematologist/oncologists (4), immunologists (2), infectious disease specialists (2), intensivists (3), allied health care professionals (1), and patients/parents (2) formulated relevant research questions for a systematic literature review (SLR). We then used the SLR results, Delphi questionnaires, and consensus methodology to devise and refine overarching and specific ‘points to consider’ statements. Results The group arrived at six overarching statements and 24 specific points-to-consider relevant to early decision-making in diagnostics, initial management, and monitoring of HLH/MAS. Major themes included the a) need for prompt recognition, evaluation, and management of underlying triggers and conditions, b) multi-disciplinary/expert input, and c) early, tailored intervention with the goals of halting disease progression and preventing life- and organ-threatening immunopathology Conclusion These 2022 EULAR/ACR Points to Consider provide guidance on the initial evaluation, management, and monitoring of patients during the initial consideration of HLH/MAS. Disclosure of Interests Bita Shakoory: None declared, Ashley Geerlinks: None declared, Marta Wilejto: None declared, Kate Kernan: None declared, Erkan Demirkaya: None declared, Angelo Ravelli: None declared, Rashmi Sinha: None declared, Raphaela goldbach-mansky Grant/research support from: SOBI, Novartis, Regneneron, IFM, Lilly, Pfizer, Fabrizio De Benedetti Consultant of: abbvie, sobi, novimmune, novartis, roche, sanofi, Grant/research support from: sobi novimmune novartis roche sanofi, Rebecca Marsh: None declared, Scott Canna Consultant of: Simcha Therapeutics, Grant/research support from: Immvention therapeutics, AB2Bio Ltd, Novartis
Absence of P2 Protein in Swine Flu Vaccines
Authors: S. W. Brostoff
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To test whether possible contamination with the neuritogenic P<sub>2</sub>protein from peripheral nerve myelin contributed to the increased incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome during the national influenza immunization program, monovalent and bivalent vaccines from each manufacturer were tested using a recently developed radioimmunoassay for P<sub>2</sub>protein. No P<sub>2</sub>protein was found in any of the vaccines tested. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:495)
Pioneers of Medical Teaching in the Province of Quebec
Authors: Sylvio Leblond
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Under the French regime (circa 1600-1763). medical education did not exist other than through apprenticeship. According to Nadeau,<sup>1</sup>only three men were in possession of a valid physician's or surgeon's diploma. They were Jean Bonamour, Antoine Briault, and Michel Sarrazin. All the others were barber-surgeons or assistants, trained in France before they left that country, or men who had been assistants to barber-surgeons, with no other training. Michel Sarrazin, a barber-surgeon, returned to France, and after two years of medical studies in Reims, he received a degree of doctor of medicine from the medical school of that city. Although the King of France appointed Jean Madry, Jean Demosny, Michel Sarrazin, and Jourdain Lajus as master barber surgeons, no formal instruction was available in New France other than by apprenticeship. In the majority of cases, sons were apprenticed to their fathers, as evidenced by the names of Alavoine, father and
Differential T-cell reactivity to the round and oval forms of <i>Pityrosporum</i> in the skin of patients with psoriasis
Authors: B.S. BAKER, A. POWLES, J.J. GARIOCH, C. HARDMAN, L. FRY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Pityrosporum yeasts have been implicated as a trigger for the initiation of scalp lesions in psoriasis. To determine whether Pityrosporum-reactive T cells are present in lesional psoriatic skin. T-cell lines (TCL) were cultured from the scalps of nine patients with psoriasis and seven with alopecia areata (disease controls), and from non-scalp lesions from six of the psoriatic patients. The psoriatic skin TCL were stained for CD3, CD4, CD8 and TCR αβ expression and tested in a proliferation assay with Candida albicans and purified protein derivative (PPD), and cytoplasmic and cell-wall extracts of P. ovale (oval) and P.orbiculare (round). The proliferative responses of corresponding peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were also determined. All the PBMC samples responded to the Pityrosporum extracts to variable extents, but no significant difference in the response of the group to the two different forms of yeast was observed. The response was mediated by CD4+ T cells and inhibited by the addition of anti-HLA-DR antibody. In addition, all nine psoriatic scalp TCL, which were predominately CD3+, CD4+ TCR αβ+, responded to the cytoplasmic, and five of nine TCL to the cell-wall extract of P. orbiculare. In contrast, only three of the nine TCL proliferated to either extract of P. ovale. This difference was significant for both the cytoplasmic (P < 0.01) and cell wall (P = 0.01) extracts. Similarly, the TCL cultured from non-scalp psoriatic lesions also showed a more marked response to the P. orbiculare extracts (P = 0.05). Furthermore, four of seven and two of seven scalp TCL from lesions of alopecia areata responded to the P. orbiculare and P. ovale extracts, respectively; these responses did not differ significantly from those of the psoriatic scalp TCL. None of the skin TCL responded to either Candida albicans or PPD. These findings demonstrate that T cells with differential reactivity to the round and oval forms of Pityrosporum are present in, but are not specific for, psoriatic skin lesions. A role for these cells in the pathogenesis of psoriasis remains speculative.
Effects of Vinblastine and Vincristine on Survival and Hemopoiesis in Irradiated Mice
Authors: Willie W. Smith, Shirley M. Wilson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

Hemopoietic recovery is described in mice irradiated 2 days after injection of vinblastine or vincristine, stathmokinetic agents whose destructive effects on bone marrow cellularity were most severe at that time. Recovery, which involved granulocyte, lymphocyte, and hemoglobin concentrations in the blood and marrow cellularity, occurred much earlier in the treated than in the untreated mice. The number of animals surviving longer than 28 days increased, though in some instances deaths were more numerous 3.5–4.5 days after irradiation. A working hypothesis consistent with the observations is proposed.
Plaque Formation by Yaba Virus in Cynomolgus Monkey Kidney Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Y. Tsuchiya, H. Rouhandeh
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

A method was developed by which Yaba tumor poxvirus was assayed by plaque count. Plaque production by Yaba virus, which replicates in cynomolgus monkey kidney cells with a mild killing effect, was demonstrated by use of 50 mM MgCI2 in a second agar overlay added 5 days after infection to kill selectively the infected cells. Plaques formed were approximately 0.5 mm in diameter. Plaque formation was inhibited with Yaba-specific antiserum.
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Helicases and Prostate CancerXie and colleagues identified the novel target, DDX3, an RNA helicase that is overexpressed in a subset of high-grade prostate cancer cases.The group credentialed DDX3 as a target for selective radiosensitization using genetic knockdown in DDX3 overexpressing prostate cancer cells.Through rational design, the group next synthesized a DDX3 small-molecule inhibitor lead compound called RK-33 that docked in the ATP-binding pocket of DDX3.Further, combined genetic and pharmacologic studies with RK-33 demonstrated DDX3 inhibition radiosensitizes in vitro and in vivo by a combined mechanism of G 1 cell-cycle arrest and double-strand break repair inhibition.These new findings open up a new avenue for tumor selective radiosensitization that can be personalized by DDX3 overexpression using RK-33-like compounds in high-risk localized and locally advanced prostate cancer.(Image from cited article courtesy of the publisher.
Cancer and Its Non-Surgical Treatment.
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Censorship of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Reports in Occupied Japan
Authors: Sey Nishimura
Journal: JAMA (1995)

For the last 50 years, widely believed misunderstandings have existed concerning allegations of US suppression of the atomic bomb casualty reports in Occupied Japan.<sup>1,2</sup>This article clarifies these misunderstandings, discussing both the US and Japan sides of history. The research is based on declassified records from several sections of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP), which were verified with Japanese records. <h3>Atomic Bomb Injury</h3> On August 9,1945, at 11:02 AM, Shigeyasu Aritomi, a medical student of Nagasaki Medical College, experienced the atomic bomb. Despite fatigue and dizziness, Shigeyasu dug himself out of the crushed hospital ward and walked home.<sup>3</sup>Seven days later, Shigeyasu died of radiation sickness, then called "the symptoms of the first period of atomic bomb injury": extreme fatigue, nausea and vomiting, fever, hematuria, mucous bloody stools, hemoptysis, and gingival bleeding, caused by severe damage to the internal organs and blood cells. Some survived
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Metastases and Their Natural KillingTreatment of metastasis is challenging.Paolino and colleagues suggest a method of "awakening" natural killer (NK) cells to "see" tumors and destroy them.The authors show that CBLB, an E3ligase, maintains anergy in NK cells by regulating ubiquitylation of TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK (TAM) receptors for the ligand GAS6.This information led to the discovery of novel (LDC1267) and clinically available (warfarin-an anticoagulant) TAM receptor inhibitors that restore NK cell activity and inhibit metastatic growth.Warfarin activates NK cells independently of its anticoagulant capacity.Restoration of NK-cell activity led to classical perforin-dependent cytotoxicity, correlating with IFNg production, which can be strongly antitumorigenic.These results offer an opportunity to activate the immune system in an antigen-independent manner to treat metastasis.(Image courtesy of Wikimedia