tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prenatal antibiotic exposure, asthma, and the atopic march: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alissa Cait, Alexander Wedel, Jeanne L. Arntz, Jacyra Duinkerken, Swarali Datye, Jessica Cait, Moumen M. Alhasan, Melanie L. Conrad
Journal: Allergy (2022)

Abstract Antibiotic use during pregnancy may increase the risk for asthma in children. We performed a meta‐analysis assessing prenatal antibiotic exposure and the risk for childhood wheeze or asthma, as well as for diseases associated with the atopic march. A systematic literature search protocol (PROSPERO‐ID: CRD42020191940) was registered and searches were completed using Medline, Proquest, Embase, and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials. Screening for inclusion criteria: published in English, German, French, Dutch, or Arabic, intervention (use of any antibiotic at any time point during pregnancy), and disease (reporting atopic disease incidence in children with a primary outcome of asthma or wheeze), and exclusion criteria: reviews, preclinical data, and descriptive studies, yielded 27 studies. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Assessment Scale. Quality of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Our meta‐analysis demonstrates that antibiotic use during pregnancy is associated with an increased relative risk (RR) of developing wheeze RR 1.51 (95% CI: 1.17–1.94) or asthma RR 1.28 (95% CI 1.22–1.34) during childhood. Assessment of the atopic march in association with asthma or wheeze revealed that antibiotic use during pregnancy also increases the risk for eczema/dermatitis RR 1.28 (95% CI: 1.06–1.53) and allergic rhinitis RR 1.13 (95% CI: 1.02–1.25). One study found an increase in food allergy RR 1.81 (95% CI: 1.11–2.95). Maternal antibiotic use during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for wheeze or asthma development in children, as well as for diseases involved in the atopic march. There was high heterogeneity in the data, and the certainty of the evidence was determined to be low quality, highlighting the need for more high‐quality studies on this topic. These results have importance for antibiotic stewardship throughout the prenatal period. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Konrad Adenauer Foundation.
Potential Utility of SPECT/CT for Early Detection of Spontaneous Osteonecrosis of the Knee
Authors: Min Young Yoo, Young-Soo Shin, Ok Kyu Song, Bom Sahn Kim, Seo Young Kang, Byung Seok Moon, Hai-Jeon Yoon
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK) is the most common phenotype of osteonecrosis of knee joints in older adults. Early diagnosis with appropriate management is crucial for improving the prognosis of the SONK. We present SONK in bone scintigraphy and SPECT/CT in 65-year-old man with sudden worsening knee pain and normal radiographs. SPECT/CT revealed intense uptake in subchondral area of left femoral medial condyle, which can be differed from progressed osteoarthritic change of the knee joints suspected on planar scintigraphy. Subsequently performed MRI showed characteristic finding of SONK. Total knee replacement arthroplasty was performed with final histological diagnosis of SONK.
Within-participant statistics for cognitive science
Authors: Robin A.A. Ince, Jim W. Kay, Philippe G. Schyns
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2022)

Experimental studies in cognitive science typically focus on the population average effect. An alternative is to test each individual participant and then quantify the proportion of the population that would show the effect: the prevalence, or participant replication probability. We argue that this approach has conceptual and practical advantages.
Broca’s Aphasia
Authors: Bill Griffin
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nationwide multidisciplinary consensus on the clinical management of Merkel cell carcinoma: a Delphi panel
Authors: Francesca Spada, Paolo Bossi, Corrado Caracò, Vanna Chiarion Sileni, Angelo Paolo Dei Tos, Nicola Fazio, Giovanni Grignani, Michele Maio, Pietro Quaglino, Paola Queirolo, Paolo Antonio Ascierto
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and highly aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma. The MCC incidence rate has rapidly grown over the last years, with Italy showing the highest increase among European countries. This malignancy has been the focus of active scientific research over the last years, focusing mainly on pathogenesis, new therapeutic trials and diagnosis. A national expert board developed 28 consensus statements that delineated the evolution of disease management and highlighted the paradigm shift towards the use of immunological strategies, which were then presented to a national MCC specialists panel for review. Sixty-five panelists answered both rounds of the questionnaire. The statements were divided into five areas: a high level of agreement was reached in the area of guidelines and multidisciplinary management, even if in real life the multidisciplinary team was not always represented by all the specialists. In the diagnostic pathway area, imaging played a crucial role in diagnosis and initial staging, planning for surgery or radiation therapy, assessment of treatment response and surveillance of recurrence and metastases. Concerning diagnosis, the usefulness of Merkel cell polyomavirus is recognized, but the agreement and consensus regarding the need for cytokeratin evaluation appears greater. Regarding the areas of clinical management and follow-up, patients with MCC require customized treatment. There was a wide dispersion of results and the suggestion to increase awareness about the adjuvant radiation therapy. The panelists unanimously agreed that the information concerning avelumab provided by the JAVELIN Merkel 200 study is adequate and reliable and that the expanded access program data could have concrete clinical implications. An immunocompromised patient with advanced MCC can be treated with immunotherapy after multidisciplinary risk/benefit assessment, as evidenced by real-world analysis and highlighted in the guidelines. A very high consensus regarding the addition of radiotherapy to treat the ongoing focal progression of immunotherapy was observed. This paper emphasizes the importance of collaboration and communication among the interprofessional team members and encourages managing patients with MCC within dedicated multidisciplinary teams. New insights in the treatment of this challenging cancer needs the contribution of many and different experts.
LTBK-05. Outcomes of Infants and Young Children with Newly Diagnosed Localized (M0) SHH Medulloblastoma Treated on The NEXT Consortium “Head Start” 4 Protocol
Authors: Girish Dhall, Joseph Stanek, Megan Blue, Parth Patel, Diana Thomas, Christopher Pierson, Benita Tamrazi, Kris M Mahadeo, Jessica Fleming, Erica Bell, Katherine Miller, Olivia Grischow, Thomas Liszkay, Scott Coven, Caroline Hastings, Karen Tsui, Claire Mazewski, Gregory Friedman, Christopher Moertel, Derek Hanson, Carl Koschmann, Guy Brock, Kenneth Wong, Arnab Chakravarti, Shahab Asgharzadeh, Marvin N Nelson, Daniel Boue, Jaclyn Biegel, Elaine Mardis, Jonathan Finlay
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract Advances in RNA and DNA profiling have identified four core molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma of prognostic significance: Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) subtype, WNT subtype, Group 3, and Group 4. Infants and young children with SHH medulloblastoma have demonstrated a favorable outcome in clinical trials utilizing either high-dose chemotherapy (“Head Start”) or a combination of intravenous and intraventricular methotrexate (HIT-SKK). Two recently conducted clinical trials (COG ACNS1221 and St. Jude – SJYC07) failed to demonstrate similar survival advantage with conventional dose chemotherapy and without intraventricular methotrexate. “Head Start” 4 (HS 4) is a prospective randomized clinical trial that tailors treatment based on medulloblastoma molecular subgroups and response to induction chemotherapy to compare the efficacy of one versus versus three (tandem) cycles of myeloablative therapy. Eligibility includes newly diagnosed children less than six years of age with localized medulloblastoma. Eligible patients with SHH medulloblastoma were considered “low-risk” and non-randomly assigned to receive three cycles of induction chemotherapy (vincristine, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and high-dose methotrexate) followed by consolidation with single cycle of myeloablative chemotherapy (thiotepa, carboplatin, etoposide) and autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell rescue. Patients with less than a complete response after three induction cycles received two additional cycles prior to consolidation therapy. Only children between 6 -10 years old, or those with confirmed residual tumor post-consolidation, were meant to receive irradiation after consolidation. Twenty-eight children with localized SHH medulloblastoma were enrolled on the trial with a median age of 2.1 years (range: 0.3-5.9 years). Median follow-up for this cohort is 29.6 months (range: 7.0-58.6 months). The estimated 3-year event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) is 96% (CI: 89-100%) and 100%, respectively. The estimated 3-year EFS for SHH subtype 1 and 2 patients is 100% and 95%, respectively (p=0.65). None of the M0 SHH medulloblastoma patients received irradiation.
Management of a Patient With Metastatic Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor and Meningioma Submitted to Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy With 177Lu-DOTATATE
Authors: Riccardo Pirisino, Luca Filippi, Antonio D’Agostini, Oreste Bagni
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract A 76-year-old woman affected by pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor previously subjected to surgery with progressive liver disease and a concomitant mild symptomatic meningioma of the left pontocerebellar angle underwent 4 cycles of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 177 Lu-DOTATATE. A prophylactic therapy with corticosteroids was carried out before each treatment cycle, and the neurosurgery unit was alerted in case of cerebral edema and related neurologic symptoms. A 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT scan performed after the completion of the 4 cycles’ treatment documented a hepatic partial response and a substantial stability of the brain mass. No neurological complications occurred during treatment and follow-up.
Use of pragmatic and explanatory trial designs in acute care research: lessons from COVID-19
Authors: Jonathan D Casey, Laura M Beskow, Jeremy Brown, Samuel M Brown, Étienne Gayat, Michelle Ng Gong, Michael O Harhay, Samir Jaber, Jacob C Jentzer, Pierre-François Laterre, John C Marshall, Michael A Matthay, Todd W Rice, Yves Rosenberg, Alison E Turnbull, Lorraine B Ware, Wesley H Self, Alexandre Mebazaa, Sean P Collins
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2022)
High 11C-Methionine Uptake in a Parasellar Inflammatory Pseudotumor
Authors: Hayato Kaida, Takeshi Okuda, Kohei Hanaoka, Kazunari Ishii
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract A 20-year-old man had left visual impairment and homonymous hemianopsia. MRI findings suggested enlargement of an optic glioma, because optic glioma was indicated by MRI 14 years earlier without a definite pathological diagnosis. 11 C-methionine (MET) PET showed high uptake in the tumor in the parasellar region. Transnasal endoscopic biopsy was performed, and an inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) was diagnosed based on histopathological findings. High MET uptake in a parasellar IPT has apparently not been previously reported. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of high MET uptake in IPT, because this image could provide an interpretation pitfall.
Alpha‐kinase 1 (ALPK1) agonist DF‐006 demonstrates potent efficacy in mouse and primary human hepatocyte (PHH) models of hepatitis B
Authors: Cong Xu, Jieqing Fan, Danyang Liu, Aimaier Tuerdi, Juanjuan Chen, Yuning Wei, Yanfang Pan, Huaixin Dang, Xiong Wei, Ashraf Siddig Yousif, Jeysen Yogaratnam, Qiong Zhou, Henri Lichenstein, Tian Xu
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Background and Aims: In the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection, stimulation of innate immunity may lead to hepatitis B virus (HBV) cure. Alpha‐kinase 1 (ALPK1) is a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that activates the NF‐κB pathway and stimulates innate immunity. Here we characterized the preclinical anti‐HBV efficacy of DF‐006, an orally active agonist of ALPK1 currently in clinical development for CHB. Approach and Results: In adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐HBV mouse models and primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) infected with HBV, we evaluated the antiviral efficacy of DF‐006. In the mouse models, DF‐006 rapidly reduced serum HBV DNA, hepatitis B surface antigen, and hepatitis B e antigen levels using doses as low as 0.08 μg/kg, 1 μg/kg, and 5 μg/kg, respectively. DF‐006 in combination with the HBV nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, entecavir, further reduced HBV DNA. Antiviral efficacy in mice was associated with an increase in immune cell infiltration and decrease of hepatitis B core antigen, encapsidated pregenomic RNA, and covalently closed circular DNA in liver. At subnanomolar concentrations, DF‐006 also showed anti‐HBV efficacy in PHH with significant reductions of HBV DNA. Following dosing with DF‐006, there was upregulation of NF‐κB‐targeted genes that are involved in innate immunity. Conclusion: DF‐006 was efficacious in mouse and PHH models of HBV without any indications of overt toxicity. In mice, DF‐006 localized primarily to the liver where it potently activated innate immunity. The transcriptional response in mouse liver provides insights into mechanisms that mediate anti‐HBV efficacy by DF‐006.
Arrhythmic Risk in Male and Female Patients With Heart Failure—Same but Different
Authors: Christian Sticherling
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Shireen Saxena, BA; Ilan Goldenberg, MD; Scott McNitt, MS; Eileen Hsich, MD; Valentina Kutyifa, MD, PhD; Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, MD, PhD, MPH; Bronislava Polonsky, MS; Mehmet K. Aktas, MD, MBA; David T. Huang, MD; Spencer Rosero, MD; Helmut Klein, MD; Wojciech Zareba, MD, PhD; Arwa Younis, MD
Babies, Bugs, and Barriers: Dietary Modulation of Intestinal Barrier Function in Early Life
Authors: Jerry M. Wells, Yifan Gao, Nanda de Groot, Marlotte M. Vonk, Laurien Ulfman, R.J. Joost van Neerven
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2022)

The intestinal barrier is essential in early life to prevent infection, inflammation, and food allergies. It consists of microbiota, a mucus layer, an epithelial layer, and the immune system. Microbial metabolites, the mucus, antimicrobial peptides, and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) protect the intestinal mucosa against infection. The complex interplay between these functionalities of the intestinal barrier is crucial in early life by supporting homeostasis, development of the intestinal immune system, and long-term gut health. Exclusive breastfeeding is highly recommended during the first 6 months. When breastfeeding is not possible, milk-based infant formulas are a safe alternative. Breast milk contains many bioactive components that help to establish the intestinal microbiota and influence the development of the intestinal epithelium and the immune system. Importantly, breastfeeding lowers the risk for intestinal and respiratory tract infections. Here we review all aspects of intestinal barrier function and the nutritional components that impact its functionality in early life, such asmicronutrients, bioactive milk proteins, milk lipids, and human milk oligosaccharides. These components are present in breast milk and can be added to milk-based infant formulas to support gut health and immunity.
Graft-versus-host disease: establishing IL-33 as an important costimulatory molecule
Authors: James Ferrara, Mariano Prado-Acosta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

Approximately half of patients with hematologic malignancy who are treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHCT) experience graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which has high mortality rates despite immunosuppressive therapy. IL-12 is known to drive donor T cells toward an inflammatory Th1 lineage in GVHD, but other mechanisms also promote pathological Th1 alloimmune responses. In this issue of the JCI, Dwyer et al. report on their use of transgenic mice and alloHCT models of GVHD to demonstrate that IL-33 acts directly on donor T cells to increase Tbet expression independently of IL-12. Notably, IL-33 amplified T cell receptor-signaling pathways and inhibited production of regulatory molecules. These findings firmly establish IL-33 as an important costimulatory molecule for Th1 cells during GVHD and provide a target for reducing GVHD, especially in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, where damage drives mortality.
The diagnostic value of serum Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies and seroconversion after Lyme neuroborreliosis, a nationwide observational study
Authors: Malte M. Tetens, Ram Dessau, Svend Ellermann-Eriksen, Nanna S. Andersen, Charlotte Sværke Jørgensen, Christian Østergaard, Jacob Bodilsen, David F. Damgaard, Jette Bangsborg, Alex Christian Nielsen, Jens Kjølseth Møller, Lars Haukali Omland, Niels Obel, Anne-Mette Lebech
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2022)
Helping African American Individuals Quit Smoking
Authors: Timothy B. Baker, Jessica L. Burris, Michael C. Fiore
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cooperation between KDM6B overexpression and TET2 deficiency in the pathogenesis of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Yue Wei, Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna, Hong Zheng, Naran Bao, Pamela Pennington Lockyer, Caleb A. Class, Faezeh Darbaniyan, Yue Lu, Kevin Lin, Hui Yang, Guillermo Montalban-Bravo, Irene Ganan-Gomez, Kelly A. Soltysiak, Kim-Anh Do, Simona Colla, Guillermo Garcia-Manero
Journal: Leukemia (2022)
Early-phase clinical trials in a pandemic: learning from the response to COVID-19
Authors: Alex Horsley, Chris Brightling, Jane Davies, Ratko Djukanovic, Liam G Heaney, Tracy Hussell, Stefan J Marciniak, Lorcan McGarvey, Joanna C Porter, Thomas Wilkinson, Ling-Pei Ho
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2022)
Effect of Care Management or Online Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training vs Usual Care on Self-harm Among Adults With Suicidal Ideation
Authors: Ching-Fang Sun, Robert L. Trestman
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Annals Graphic Medicine - Swanorexia
Authors: Rea Yoh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Web ExclusivesJune 2022Annals Graphic Medicine - SwanorexiaFREERea YohRea YohBrown University, Providence, Rhode Island (R.Y.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/G21-0062 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Download figure Download PowerPoint Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (R.Y.)Disclosures: The author has reported no disclosures of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=G21-0062.Author/Illustrator Information: Rea Yoh is a senior undergraduate student at Brown University (e-mail, [email protected]edu).This article was published at Annals.org on 14 June 2022. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics June 2022Volume 175, Issue 6Page: W67-W68 ePublished: 14 June 2022 Issue Published: June 2022 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2022 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...