tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
When I use a word . . . Medical definitions: adverse events, effects, and reactions
Authors: Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2023)

An adverse event in a medical context is any abnormal sign, symptom, laboratory test, syndromic combination of such abnormalities, untoward or unplanned occurrence (e.g. an accident or unplanned pregnancy), or unexpected deterioration in a concurrent illness. Such events may or may not be associated with the use of a medicinal product. An adverse drug reaction is an appreciably harmful or unpleasant reaction, resulting from an intervention related to the use of a medicinal product, usually predicting hazard from future administration and warranting prevention, or specific treatment, or alteration of the dosage regimen, or withdrawal of the product. Adverse reactions manifest as symptoms or signs that affected individuals themselves recognise. An adverse drug effect, which differs from an adverse drug reaction, is a potentially harmful effect resulting from an intervention related to the use of a medicinal product, which constitutes a hazard and may or may not be associated with a clinically appreciable adverse reaction and/or an abnormal laboratory test or clinical investigation, as a marker of an adverse reaction. Adverse effects do not themselves manifest as symptoms or signs but, as the definition states, can be detected by laboratory tests or clinical investigations. Certain terms in this area should be avoided, particularly "idiosyncrasy," which should be replaced by a statement about the nature of an individual's susceptibility, "well tolerated," which often prematurely presumes an absence of adverse effects, and "toxicities," which unjustifiably pluralises a non-count noun and is used colloquially to mean adverse effects and reactions in general. The term "side effect" is better restricted to colloquial use and not used in technical texts.
When obesity treatment goes too far: nutritional and endoscopic management of bariatric surgery complications
Authors: Enad Dawod, Malorie Simons, Sanad Dawod, Neela Easwar, Nicole Cornet, Reem Z. Sharaiha, Kartik Sampath
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Bariatric surgery is associated with complications that can be refractory to intervention in malnourished patients. We present a patient with a gastrocutaneous fistula, which occurred as a complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and was initially refractory to endoscopic closure but resolved after nutritional optimization.
Inhibition of MYC translation through targeting of the newly identified PHB-eIF4F complex as therapeutic strategy in CLL
Authors: Anne Largeot, Vanessa Klapp, Elodie Viry, Susanne Gonder, Iria Fernandez Botana, Arnaud Blomme, Mohaned Benzarti, Sandrine Pierson, Chloé Duculty, Petra Marttila, Marina Wierz, Ernesto Gargiulo, Giulia Pagano, Ning An, Najla El Hachem, Daniel Perez Hermandez, Supriya Chakraborty, Loïc Ysebaert, Jean-Hugues François, Susan Denisse Cortez Clemente, Guy Berchem, Dimitar G Efremov, Gunnar Dittmar, Martyna Szpakowska, Andy Chevigne, Petr V Nazarov, Thomas Helleday, Pierre Close, Johannes Meiser, Basile Stamatopoulos, Laurent Désaubry, Jerome Paggetti, Etienne Moussay
Journal: Blood (2023)

Dysregulation of mRNA translation, including preferential translation of mRNA with complex 5'-UTRs such as the MYC oncogene, is recognized as an important mechanism in cancer. In this study, we show that both human and murine chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells display a high translation rate, which can be inhibited by the synthetic flavagline FL3, a prohibitin (PHB)-binding drug. A multiomics analysis consisting of pulsed SILAC, RNA sequencing and polysome profiling performed in CLL patient samples and cell lines treated with FL3 revealed the decreased translation of the MYC oncogene and of proteins involved in cell cycle and metabolism. Furthermore, inhibition of translation was associated with a block of proliferation and a profound rewiring of MYC-driven metabolism. Interestingly, contrary to other models, the RAS-RAF-(PHBs)-MAPK pathway is neither impaired by FL3 nor implicated in translation regulation in CLL cells. Here, we rather show that PHBs are directly associated with the translation initiation complex and can be targeted by FL3. Knock-down of PHBs resembled FL3 treatment. Importantly, inhibition of translation was efficient in controlling CLL development in vivo either alone or combined with immunotherapy. Finally, high expression of translation initiation-related genes and PHBs genes correlated with poor survival and unfavorable clinical parameters in CLL patients. In conclusion, we demonstrated that translation inhibition is a valuable strategy to control CLL development by blocking the translation of several oncogenic pathways including MYC. We also unraveled a new and direct role of PHBs in translation initiation, thus creating new therapeutic opportunities for CLL patients.
Use of a novel biliary stent to prevent distal stent migration in benign anastomotic stricture
Authors: Hirokazu Saito, Yoshitaka Kadowaki, Atsushi Fujimoto, Kana Ohmoto, Shuji Tada
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Endoscopic treatment using balloon enteroscopy-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is useful for hepaticojejunostomy anastomotic strictures. Although biliary stent placement is conducted to avoid stricture recurrence or realize stricture resolution after balloon dilation [1] [2], distal stent migration is a common problem [3] [4].
Circumferential endoscopic submucosal dissection for long-segment Barrettʼs adenocarcinoma: the double-tunnel and single clip-and-loop traction method
Authors: Sandro Sferrazza, Federica Crispino, Filippo Vieceli, Andrea Fiorentino, Andrea Michielan, Giovanni de Pretis
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Circumferential endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an organ-preserving procedure for large areas of esophageal neoplasia. Currently, various endoscopic techniques have been described [1] [2] [3] [4]. Here, we report a successful circumferential ESD of long-segment Barrett's esophagus (C10M12) using the double-tunnel and single clip-and-loop traction method.
Peroral submucosal endoscopic stricturotomy – a novel third-space approach for a complex anastomotic stricture
Authors: Alanna Ebigbo, Sandra Nagl, Markus W. Scheppach, Helmut Messmann
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

There are various options for the endoscopic treatment of benign anastomotic strictures of the esophagus, including balloon dilation or self-expanding metal stents. For complex refractory strictures, endoscopic radial incision (ERI) has been proposed [1].
Quality and Availability of Health Care Under Regional Medical Programs
Authors: Dwight L. Wilbur
Journal: JAMA (1968)

This conference-workshop provides an excellent opportunity to consider the potential impact of the Regional Medical Programs authorized under Public Law 89-239 on the development of personal health services. It is especially fitting that those most active in conducting this complex and potentially highly beneficial activity be brought together at this time to review planning efforts of the last two years and to consider their translation into operational implementation. In many respects this act is quite extraordinary. Its genesis and promotion as described in a communication in the<i>Atlantic Monthly</i><sup>1</sup>are intriguing. The diverse interpretations among various observers of its long-term objectives suggest many misunderstandings and an uncertain but hopefully great future. The zeal and enthusiasm of the men and women involved in the program—including numerous medical leaders—reflect the dramatic appeal for many individuals of good will and high hopes. The vaguely defined authority of the act seems to many
Availability of Antihypertensive Drugs
Authors: Andrew T. Canada
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I must respond to the claim of Dr. Freis (229:689, 1974) that patients in the United States with hypertension are being denied useful new drugs (debrisoquin, bethanidine) now available in the United Kingdom. These drugs have been available in Canada for more than a year (debrisoquin since March 1973 and bethanidine since September 1970). They are used only rarely for hypertension, and the consensus of opinion here is that neither drug offers a significant advantage over guanethidine. I might also add that clonidine, although used more widely than either of the two drugs mentioned by Dr. Freis, has not revolutionized the treatment of hypertension, either. Rest safely, United States hypertensives! The armamentarium of drugs available and used for hypertension in the United States represents the best available used successfully in hypertension. No other suggestion is substantiated on an objective basis.
Insurance Premium Reductions
Authors: Marvin Moser
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Elevated blood pressure substantially increases mortality and requires, therefore, high premium payments for life insurance coverage. Most life insurance companies are willing to reduce the cost of yearly premiums when blood pressure is successfully treated and controlled for several years. Physicians should bring these facts to their patients' attention as a motivating factor to improve adherence to therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:756-757)
The Necrobiotic Nodules of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Case in Which the Scalp, Abdominal Wall (Involving Striped Muscle), Larynx, Pericardium (Involving Myocardium), Pleurae (Involving Lungs), and Peritoneum were Affected
Authors: Ronald W. Raven, F. Parkes Weber, L. Woodhouse Price
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1948)
Cancer of the Prostate
Authors: Steven E. Carlson
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I read with interest the article by Carter et al<sup>1</sup>regarding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in men with and without prostate disease. I take issue, however, with the Editorial by Oesterling,<sup>2</sup>which advocated the addition of PSA testing to digital rectal examination (DRE) for generalized screening to detect prostate cancer. Catalona et al<sup>3</sup>have published the only study that attempts to evaluate the use of PSA tests in a screening population. This study has received significant criticism because patients from the screening group with normal PSA levels did not have biopsies; thus, sensitivity and specificity could not be determined. The study by Carter et al<sup>1</sup>suffered from a similar flaw; the control group did not receive biopsies, and thus, we do not know how many of the patients presumed not to have prostate cancer actually did have it. To date, there has been no
Failure of Exercise to Reduce Hypertension
Authors: Bruce Arroll
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We wish to comment on the article by Blumenthal et al<sup>1</sup>that found that moderate aerobic exercise does not lower blood pressure in persons with untreated mild hypertension. We recently have reviewed the literature on physical activity and blood pressure and almost all the studies show that physical activity lowers blood pressure in spite of the majority of articles having major design flaws. Although there may be a publication bias toward studies with positive results, we believe that the study by Blumenthal et al has numerous design limitations that may explain its unusual findings. The major problems are potential contamination of the control group, cointervention of the intervention group, and lack of blind assessment of blood pressure measurement. With the passage of time, the loss of the alerting response (white-coat effect) results in a reduction of blood pressure in control groups. Also, the waiting-list participants would have
The next (third) dimension to dosing of anticancer agents.
Authors: H M Vriesendorp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.11.3715 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 9817296 The next (third) dimension to dosing of anticancer agents. H M VriesendorpxH M VriesendorpSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1998.16.11.3715 PDF "The next (third) dimension to dosing of anticancer agents.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 16(11), pp. 3715–3716© 1998 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Atrial Arrhythmias in Adults After Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Jolien Roos-Hesselink, Mark G. Perlroth, Jacky McGhie, Silja Spitaels
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The long-term success of intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot is hampered by the occurrence of arrhythmias. Numerous studies have stressed the potential role of ventricular arrhythmias. However, the importance of other arrhythmias in the morbidity of these patients appears to be underestimated. Furthermore, most follow-up studies have been limited to children or adolescents, whereas many patients have reached adulthood after earlier repair of tetralogy of Fallot. The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence of atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and other supraventricular arrhythmias in adult patients after intracardiac repair for tetralogy of Fallot and their correlation with surgical and clinical findings. Methods and Results The study group consisted of 53 consecutive patients referred to the Thoraxcenter adult congenital heart disease clinic. They underwent repair at a mean age of 9.1 years (range, 0.7 to 55 years). The median age at the time of study was 23.2 years (range, 15 to 57 years; mean age, 26.6 years), and the mean duration of follow-up of 17.5 years (range, 1.4 to 32 years) after surgery. Records were reviewed extensively for evidence of arrhythmias. The follow-up study included routine 12-lead ECG, 24-hour continuous ambulatory monitoring, and echocardiography, and 46 patients underwent exercise testing. Sinus node dysfunction was recorded in 19 patients (36%), of whom 4 required a permanent pacemaker. Atrial fibrillation or flutter was found in 12 patients, and other supraventricular tachycardias were found in 6. The former were more frequently of older age at follow-up. Antiarrhythmic therapy and cardioversion were typically directed at control of atrial (and not ventricular) tachyarrhythmias. Ten patients (19%) showed nonsustained ventricular tachycardia; they were older at initial surgery and older at follow-up and had more intracardiac repairs and longer cardiopulmonary bypass times. Conclusions Despite an emphasis on ventricular ectopy in past series, the main sources of morbidity in adult patients after surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot emanated from atrial arrhythmias, which were present in one third of the patients.
Studies on the Detection of Adverse Drug Reactions in the Newborn
Authors: Werner A. Bleyer
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The effects of prenatal medications on newborn hemostasis were investigated in 43 infants by comparing accurate prenatal drug histories with clinical and laboratory studies done postpartum. Fourteen newborns exposed to aspirin during the week prior to birth were compared to 17 children whose mothers had not taken aspirin. Two potentially adverse drug reactions were detected. Platelet dysfunction (inhibition of collagen aggregation) and diminished factor XII (Hageman factor) activity were found in neonates born of mothers who had taken aspirin during the last week of pregnancy. In this group, bleeding was limited to one incident each of cephalhematoma, purpura, and transient melena. In the group not exposed to aspirin, hemorrhagic conjunctivitis developed in one infant on the second day of life. Until the clinical significance of these findings is more fully evaluated, it would seem prudent to restrict aspirin during the last month of gestation.
Complication of Inserting a Chest Tube
Authors: S. Amjad Hussain
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The use of a trocar to insert a tube into the pleural space can cause damage to the lung. <h3>Report of a Case. —</h3> A 19-year-old man had left-sided chest pain and shortness of breath, and a chest x-ray film showed a spontaneous pneumothorax on the left side. A chest tube was inserted using a trocar, and the tube was attached with water seal and negative suction. After the escape of air, there was continuous drainage of blood. Because of the bleeding and nonexpansion of the lung, the patient was transferred to Mercy Hospital, Toledo, Ohio, 16 hours later. At the time of admission the patient was in moderate respiratory distress; the hemoglobin level was 6 g/dl; blood pressure was 100/70 mm Hg; and the pulse rate was 130 beats per minute. Output record indicated a total of 2,000 ml drainage of blood. X-ray film of the
Growth Plate Fracture
Authors: WILLIAM A. WEGENER, SYDNEY HEYMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

This study presents an unusual triple-phase bone scan showing initial images of the left knee diffusely “hot” and delayed images of general tibial hyperemia, but with a “cold” proximal tibial growth plate and a photopenic defect in the proximal tibial metaphysis. Later radiologic films revealed a fracture related to the growth plate. Apparently, vasopasm and/or pressure tampanode from a hematoma or the marked soft tissue swelling caused vasculature occlusion.
MEDICAL AIR EVACUATION
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Paint Spray Gun Injury of the Hand
Authors: Ruth Lilis
Journal: JAMA (1981)

LEAD poisoning is a well-known occupational hazard in a number of industries and trades.<sup>1-3</sup>While working conditions and health status of employees in industries with well-recognized potential lead hazards are improving, unexpected sources of lead exposure continue to generate disease.<sup>4</sup> We report a clinical case of lead poisoning that occurred as a consequence of an industrial accident— paint spray gun injury to the hand. Such accidents have attracted attention<sup>5-8</sup>for reasons related to the sequelae of the traumatic injury; to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of lead poisoning resulting from such an injury. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 41-year-old man, a painter, used a high-pressure paint-spraying gun to apply paint on the hull of a ship. On Jan 10, 1980, the hose of the paint-spraying installation broke, and paint was injected under high pressure into the palm of his left hand. He was first examined
Reductio ad Absurdum
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Recently, H. Bruce Collier wrote: I should like to record my opposition to the use of "reduction" to mean "decrease,..." A professional chemist hesitates when he reads "reduction of ATP." Does this mean addition of electrons or decrease in concentration? And what is one to make of "reduction of reduced glucagon," which appeared recently in a biochemical journal? I have long thought that the opposite of "increase" was "decrease," but now it appears to be "reduction."<sup>1</sup> Chemists are not alone in this perplexity. Similar bafflement haunts biologists, psychologists, philosophers, and artists. "Reduction" has meanings and shades of meanings that are not always immediately apparent. To the psychologist, "reduction" may connote an analysis of motivation, which reduces it to its instinctive elements, as in psychoanalysis. Alternatively, the term may refer to the behavioristic school of psychology, which interprets behavior in terms of operant conditioning. To the biologist, "reduction" indicates a
Chromosome Studies in Human Leukemia. I. Acute Leukemia in Children&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: David A. Hungerford
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

Metaphase chromosome number and morphology were investigated in short-term cultures of leukocytes from the peripheral blood of 7 children with acute leukemia, ranging in age from 3 months to 11 years, and of 2 nonleukemic children, both 6 years old. Leukocytes from the 2 nonleukemic children showed no significant departure from the diploid chromosome number (2n = 46). In 10 karyotype analyses on each of the 2, no detectable structural changes were present in the chromosomes. In all the leukemia cases, the majority of cells also had 46 chromosomes. From 5 to 15 karyotype analyses were made in each case, and the majority of these cells had numerically and morphologically normal chromosome complements. Such structural changes as were present revealed no characteristic pattern. In the 3 cases which had undergone extensive therapy, and in which symptomatic disease had been present for from 6 months to 3 years, the incidence of karyotype change was higher than in the remaining 4 cases, 3 of which were untreated and the fourth of which had been treated for only 5 days. These data are interpreted to indicate that the observed chromosome changes are not causally related to the onset of the disease.
Recurrent Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Lourdes E. Monta
Journal: JAMA (1975)

HEMORRHAGE resulting from hyperviscosity and coagulation defects is a recognized manifestation of myelomatosis.<sup>1,2</sup>Thromboembolism as a complication of this disease is, however, much less frequently recognized. Even more uncommon is myelomatosis presenting as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. This is the case report of a patient with recurrent thromboembolic phenomena of unknown cause, until the diagnosis was established six months later. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 60-year-old woman was referred to West Virginia University Medical Center in July 1973 for evaluation of recurrent pulmonary emboli. She had been well until September 1972, when shortness of breath and midline chest pain with hemoptysis suddenly developed. The patient was admitted to her local hospital, where a diagnosis of embolism in the left lung was made and anticoagulant therapy begun. Information gleaned from hospital records of September 1972 indicated increased serum globulin at that time; however, this abnormality was not investigated.