tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Response to: Correspondence on "PICaSSO Histologic Remission Index (PHRI) in ulcerative colitis: development of a novel simplified histological score for monitoring mucosal healing and predicting clinical outcomes and its applicability in an artificial intelligence system" by Wong<i>et al</i>
Authors: Marietta Iacucci, Tommaso Lorenzo Parigi, Alina Bazarova, Subrata Ghosh, Vincenzo Villanacci, Xianyong Gui
Journal: Gut (2022)
Prognosis and persistence of smell and taste dysfunction in patients with covid-19: meta-analysis with parametric cure modelling of recovery curves
Authors: Benjamin Kye Jyn Tan, Ruobing Han, Joseph J Zhao, Nicole Kye Wen Tan, Emrick Sen Hui Quah, Claire Jing-Wen Tan, Yiong Huak Chan, Neville Wei Yang Teo, Tze Choong Charn, Anna See, Shuhui Xu, Nikita Chapurin, Rakesh K Chandra, Naweed Chowdhury, Rafal Butowt, Christopher S von Bartheld, B Nirmal Kumar, Claire Hopkins, Song Tar Toh
Journal: BMJ (2022)

To clarify in patients with covid-19 the recovery rate of smell and taste, proportion with persistent dysfunction of smell and taste, and prognostic factors associated with recovery of smell and taste.
Phospholipid metabolites of the gut microbiota promote hypoxia-induced intestinal injury via CD1d-dependent γδ T cells
Authors: Yuyu Li, Yuchong Wang, Fan Shi, Xujun Zhang, Yongting Zhang, Kefan Bi, Xuequn Chen, Lanjuan Li, Hongyan Diao
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

Gastrointestinal dysfunction is a common symptom of acute mountain sickness (AMS). The gut microbiota and γδ T cells play critical roles in intestinal disease. However, the mechanistic link between the microbiota and γδ T cells in hypoxia-induced intestinal injury remains unclear. Here, we show that hypoxia-induced intestinal damage was significantly alleviated after microbiota depletion with antibiotics. Hypoxia modulated gut microbiota composition by promoting antimicrobial peptides angiogenin-4 secretions. The abundance of Clostridium in the gut of mice after hypoxia significantly decreased, while the abundance of Desulfovibrio significantly increased. Furthermore, Desulfovibrio-derived phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine promoted γδ T cell activation. In CD1d-deficient mice, the levels of intraepithelial IL-17A and γδ T cells and intestinal damage were significantly decreased compared with those in wild-type mice under hypoxia. Mechanistically, phospholipid metabolites from Desulfovibrio are presented by intestinal epithelial CD1d to induce the proliferation of IL-17A-producing γδ T cells, which aggravates intestinal injury. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites promote hypoxia-induced intestinal injury via CD1d-dependent γδ T cells, suggesting that phospholipid metabolites and γδ T cells can be targets for AMS therapy.
Burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Saeid Safiri, Kristin Carson-Chahhoud, Maryam Noori, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Mark J M Sullman, Javad Ahmadian Heris, Khalil Ansarin, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Gary S Collins, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Jay S Kaufman
Journal: BMJ (2022)

To report the global, regional, and national burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its attributable risk factors between 1990 and 2019, by age, sex, and sociodemographic index.Systematic analysis.Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.Data on the prevalence, deaths, and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) of COPD, and its attributable risk factors, were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 project for 204 countries and territories, between 1990 and 2019. The counts and rates per 100 000 population, along with 95% uncertainty intervals, were presented for each estimate.In 2019, 212.3 million prevalent cases of COPD were reported globally, with COPD accounting for 3.3 million deaths and 74.4 million DALYs. The global age standardised point prevalence, death, and DALY rates for COPD were 2638.2 (95% uncertainty intervals 2492.2 to 2796.1), 42.5 (37.6 to 46.3), and 926.1 (848.8 to 997.7) per 100 000 population, which were 8.7%, 41.7%, and 39.8% lower than in 1990, respectively. In 2019, Denmark (4299.5), Myanmar (3963.7), and Belgium (3927.7) had the highest age standardised point prevalence of COPD. Egypt (62.0%), Georgia (54.9%), and Nicaragua (51.6%) showed the largest increases in age standardised point prevalence across the study period. In 2019, Nepal (182.5) and Japan (7.4) had the highest and lowest age standardised death rates per 100 000, respectively, and Nepal (3318.4) and Barbados (177.7) had the highest and lowest age standardised DALY rates per 100 000, respectively. In men, the global DALY rate of COPD increased up to age 85-89 years and then decreased with advancing age, whereas for women the rate increased up to the oldest age group (≥95 years). Regionally, an overall reversed V shaped association was found between sociodemographic index and the age standardised DALY rate of COPD. Factors contributing most to the DALYs rates for COPD were smoking (46.0%), pollution from ambient particulate matter (20.7%), and occupational exposure to particulate matter, gases, and fumes (15.6%).Despite the decreasing burden of COPD, this disease remains a major public health problem, especially in countries with a low sociodemographic index. Preventive programmes should focus on smoking cessation, improving air quality, and reducing occupational exposures to further reduce the burden of COPD.
Increasing physical activity in severe asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rebecca F. McLoughlin, Vanessa L. Clark, Paola D. Urroz, Peter G. Gibson, Vanessa M. McDonald
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

Introduction Physical inactivity is common in asthma and is recognised as an important modifiable risk for poor clinical outcomes such as impaired asthma control and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Despite evidence supporting the role of physical activity in reducing the risk of these outcomes, little is known about optimal interventions for increasing physical activity in those with severe disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the effectiveness of interventions in increasing physical activity in severe asthma. Methods MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, PubMed, Informit, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane databases were searched up to September 2021 for physical activity-based intervention studies that assessed physical activity outcomes ( e.g. steps per day, time spent undertaking physical activity) in adults with severe asthma. Data on asthma-related ( e.g. asthma control) and health-related outcomes ( e.g. HRQoL) were assessed as secondary outcomes. The revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess risk of bias. Random-effects meta-analyses synthesised data where possible. Results Four randomised controlled trials (all 12 weeks in duration) including 176 adults with moderate-to-severe asthma were included. An increase in physical activity was reported with a moderate-vigorous intensity aerobic and resistance training intervention (steps per day and time spent undertaking physical activity), and an unsupervised pedometer-based intervention (steps per day). Meta-analyses showed that physical activity interventions had an overall positive effect on steps per day (mean difference (MD) 1588, 95% CI 399–2778; p = 0.009, I 2 =23), asthma control (MD −0.65, 95% CI −0.95–−0.35; p&lt;0.0001, I 2 =0%) and HRQoL (MD 0.56, 95% CI 0.10–1.01; p = 0.02, I 2 =16%) compared to control. Conclusion While there is some evidence supporting the effectiveness of interventions in improving physical activity in adults with severe asthma, higher-quality, large-scale studies of longer duration are needed to determine the optimal intervention.
Risk assessment of systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: cardiac index<i>versus</i>stroke volume index
Authors: Hussein J. Hassan, Mario Naranjo, Brigitte Kazzi, Traci Housten-Harris, Steven Hsu, Aparna Balasubramanian, Catherine E. Simpson, Rachel L. Damico, Todd M. Kolb, Stephen C. Mathai, Paul M. Hassoun
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

<b>Cardiac index may be misleading in risk assessment of patients with SSc-PAH. Stroke volume index is a more reliable predictor of clinical outcomes and right ventricular function and has the potential of improving existing risk stratification strategies.</b>https://bit.ly/3PhReKJ
Green and blue spaces and lung function in the Generation XXI cohort: a life-course approach
Authors: Diogo Queiroz Almeida, Inês Paciência, Carla Moreira, João Cavaleiro Rufo, André Moreira, Ana Cristina Santos, Henrique Barros, Ana Isabel Ribeiro
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

Exposure to natural environments may affect respiratory health. This study examined the association of exposure to green and blue spaces with lung function in children, and assessed the mediation effect of air pollution and physical activity.The study used data from the Generation XXI, a population-based birth cohort from the Porto Metropolitan Area (Portugal). Residential Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) at different buffers (100, 250 and 500 m), the accessibility to urban green spaces (UGS) within 400 and 800 m and the minimum distance to the nearest UGS and to the nearest blue spaces were assessed at birth, 4, 7 and 10 years of age. Three life-course measures were calculated: averaged exposure, early-life exposure (birth) and exposure trend over time (change in exposure). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF25-75%) at 10 years were used as outcomes. To assess associations, linear regression models and path analysis were used.This study included 3278 children. The adjusted models showed that increasing the NDVI exposure over time within 100 m of the child's residence was associated with higher values of FEV1 (L) and FEF25-75% (L·s-1) (β 0.01, 95% CI 0.0002-0.03 and β 0.02, 95% CI 0.001-0.05, respectively). No significant associations were observed for the remaining measures of exposure, and no mediation effect was found for pollution or physical activity.Increasing exposure to greenness at close proximity from residences was associated with improved lung function. While the mechanism remains unknown, this study brings evidence that city greening may improve children's respiratory health.
COVID-19 drug research and the cohort multiple randomised controlled trial design
Authors: Rafael Dal-Ré
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

<b>In the cohort multiple randomised controlled trial design, consent is not sought from control group participants in each trial conducted within the cohort, so it is ethically inappropriate for assessment of medicinal products in COVID-19 patients</b> https://bit.ly/3xtBX3m
Air pollution, SARS-CoV-2 incidence and COVID-19 mortality in Rome: a longitudinal study
Authors: Federica Nobile, Paola Michelozzi, Carla Ancona, Giovanna Cappai, Giulia Cesaroni, Marina Davoli, Mirko Di Martino, Emanuele Nicastri, Enrico Girardi, Alessia Beccacece, Paola Scognamiglio, Chiara Sorge, Francesco Vairo, Massimo Stafoggia
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

<b>Long-term exposure to air pollution (PM<sub>2.5</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub>) was associated with COVID-19 mortality, but not with SARS-CoV-2 incidence, in a large observational population-based cohort of &gt;1.5 million subjects in Rome, Italy</b>https://bit.ly/3zZjjSC
Impact of COVID-19 social distancing measures on lung transplant recipients: decline in overall respiratory virus infections is associated with stabilisation of lung function
Authors: Auke E.S. de Zwart, Annelies Riezebos-Brilman, Gerton A. Lunter, Ewald C.U. Neerken, Coretta C. van Leer-Buter, Jan-Willem C. Alffenaar, Anna P. van Gemert, Michiel E. Erasmus, Christiaan T. Gan, Huib A.M. Kerstjens, Judith M. Vonk, Erik A.M. Verschuuren
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) social distancing measures led to a dramatic decline in non-COVID-19 respiratory virus infections, providing a unique opportunity to study their impact on annual forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) decline, episodes of temporary drop in lung function (TDLF) suggestive of infection and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) in lung transplant recipients (LTRs).All FEV1 values of LTRs transplanted between 2009 and April 2020 at the University Medical Center Groningen (Groningen, The Netherlands) were included. Annual FEV1 change was estimated with separate estimates for pre-social distancing (2009-2020) and the year with social distancing measures (2020-2021). Patients were grouped by individual TDLF frequency (frequent/infrequent). Respiratory virus circulation was derived from weekly hospital-wide respiratory virus infection rates. Effect modification by TDLF frequency and respiratory virus circulation was assessed. CLAD and TDLF rates were analysed over time.479 LTRs (12 775 FEV1 values) were included. Pre-social distancing annual change in FEV1 was -114 (95% CI -133- -94) mL, while during social distancing FEV1 did not decline: 5 (95% CI -38-48) mL (difference pre-social distancing versus during social distancing: p<0.001). The frequent TDLF subgroup showed faster annual FEV1 decline compared with the infrequent TDLF subgroup (-150 (95% CI -181- -120) versus -90 (95% CI -115- -65) mL; p=0.003). During social distancing, we found significantly lower odds for any TDLF (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.33-0.85; p=0.008) and severe TDLF (OR 0.34, 0.16-0.71; p=0.005) as well as lower CLAD incidence (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.27-1.02; p=0.060). Effect modification by respiratory virus circulation indicated a significant association between TDLF/CLAD and respiratory viruses.During COVID-19 social distancing the strong reduction in respiratory virus circulation coincided with markedly less FEV1 decline, fewer episodes of TDLF and possibly less CLAD. Effect modification by respiratory virus circulation suggests an important role for respiratory viruses in lung function decline in LTRs.
Reply to: Early-life respiratory infections and pre-adult asthma: could there be an interaction and differential misclassification?
Authors: Evelien R. van Meel, Liesbeth Duijts
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

<b>Upper respiratory tract infections solely in early life are associated with school-age asthma as well, although not as strongly as lower respiratory tract infections solely or both combined</b>https://bit.ly/3ocwwAD
Reference equations for evaluation of spirometry function tests in South Asia, and among South Asians living in other countries
Authors: Wei Yee Leong, Ananya Gupta, Mehedi Hasan, Sara Mahmood, Samreen Siddiqui, Sajjad Ahmed, Ian Y. Goon, Marie Loh, Theresia H. Mina, Benjamin Lam, Yik Weng Yew, Joanne Ngeow, Jimmy Lee, Eng Sing Lee, Elio Riboli, Paul Elliott, Geak Poh Tan, Sanjay H. Chotirmall, Ananda R. Wickremasinghe, Jaspal S. Kooner, Khadija I. Khawaja, Prasad Katulanda, Malay K. Mridha, Sujeet Jha, Anjana Ranjit Mohan, Guha Pradeepa, Anuradhani Kasturiratne, John C. Chambers
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

There are few data to support accurate interpretation of spirometry data in South Asia, a major global region with a high reported burden of chronic respiratory disease.
Adrenal function recovery after durable oral corticosteroid sparing with benralizumab in the PONENTE study
Authors: Andrew Menzies-Gow, Mark Gurnell, Liam G. Heaney, Jonathan Corren, Elisabeth H. Bel, Jorge Maspero, Timothy Harrison, David J. Jackson, David Price, Njira Lugogo, James Kreindler, Annie Burden, Alex de Giorgio-Miller, Sarai Faison, Kelly Padilla, Ubaldo J. Martin, Esther Garcia Gil
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

Oral corticosteroid (OCS) dependence among patients with severe eosinophilic asthma can cause adverse outcomes, including adrenal insufficiency. PONENTE's OCS reduction phase showed that, following benralizumab initiation, 91.5% of patients eliminated corticosteroids or achieved a final dosage ≤5 mg·day-1 (median (range) 0.0 (0.0-40.0) mg).The maintenance phase assessed the durability of corticosteroid reduction and further adrenal function recovery. For ∼6 months, patients continued benralizumab 30 mg every 8 weeks without corticosteroids or with the final dosage achieved during the reduction phase. Investigators could prescribe corticosteroids for asthma exacerbations or increase daily dosages for asthma control deteriorations. Outcomes included changes in daily OCS dosage, Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ)-6 and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), as well as adrenal status, asthma exacerbations and adverse events.598 patients entered PONENTE; 563 (94.1%) completed the reduction phase and entered the maintenance phase. From the end of reduction to the end of maintenance, the median (range) OCS dosage was unchanged (0.0 (0.0-40.0) mg), 3.2% (n=18/563) of patients experienced daily dosage increases, the mean ACQ-6 score decreased from 1.26 to 1.18 and 84.5% (n=476/563) of patients were exacerbation free. The mean SGRQ improvement (-19.65 points) from baseline to the end of maintenance indicated substantial quality-of-life improvements. Of patients entering the maintenance phase with adrenal insufficiency, 32.4% (n=104/321) demonstrated an improvement in adrenal function. Adverse events were consistent with previous reports.Most patients successfully maintained maximal OCS reduction while achieving improved asthma control with few exacerbations and maintaining or recovering adrenal function.
Early-life respiratory infections and pre-adult asthma: could there be an interaction and differential misclassification?
Authors: Jennifer L. Perret, Shyamali C. Dharmage, Dinh S. Bui
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

<b>Further analyses to clarify the clinical and public health messages for early-life upper respiratory tract infections are suggested to better inform parents and the healthcare professionals who look after these children in the general community</b>https://bit.ly/3xAWxz0
Overcoming resistance to αPD-1 of MMR-deficient tumors with high tumor-induced neutrophils levels by combination of αCTLA-4 and αPD-1 blockers
Authors: Laetitia Nebot-Bral, Antoine Hollebecque, Andrey A Yurchenko, Louise de Forceville, Mathieu Danjou, Jean-Mehdi Jouniaux, Reginaldo C A Rosa, Caroline Pouvelle, Said Aoufouchi, Perrine Vuagnat, Cristina Smolenschi, Emeline Colomba, Alexandra Leary, Aurelien Marabelle, Jean-Yves Scoazec, Lydie Cassard, Sergey Nikolaev, Nathalie Chaput, Patricia Kannouche
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Clinical studies have highlighted the efficacy of anti-programmed death 1 (αPD-1) monoclonal antibodies in patients with DNA mismatch repair-deficient (MMRD) tumors. However, the responsiveness of MMRD cancers to αPD-1 therapy is highly heterogeneous, and the origins of this variability remain not fully understood. 4T1 and CT26 mouse tumor cell lines were inactivated for the MMRD gene Msh2, leading to a massive accumulation of mutations after serial passages of cells. Insertions/deletion events and mutation load were evaluated by whole exome sequencing. Mice bearing highly mutated MMRD tumor or parental tumors were treated with αPD-1 and tumor volume was monitored. Immune cell type abundance was dynamically assessed in the tumor microenvironment and the blood by flow cytometry. Neutrophils were depleted in mice using αLY6G antibody, and regulatory T (Treg) cell population was reduced with αCD25 or anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocytes-associated protein 4 (αCTLA-4) antibodies. Patients with MMRD tumors treated with immune checkpoint blockade-based therapy were retrospectively identified and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was evaluated and examined for correlation with clinical benefit. By recapitulating mismatch repair deficiency in different mouse tumor models, we revealed that elevated circulating tumor-induced neutrophils (TIN) in hypermutated MMRD tumors hampered response to αPD-1 monotherapy. Importantly, depletion of TIN using αLy-6G antibody reduced Treg cells and restored αPD-1 response. Conversely, targeting Treg cells by αCD25 or αCTLA-4 antibodies limited peripheral TIN accumulation and elicited response in αPD-1-resistant MMRD tumors, highlighting a crosstalk between TIN and Treg cells. Thus, αPD-1+αCTLA-4 combination overcomes TIN-induced resistance to αPD-1 in mice bearing MMRD tumors. Finally, in a cohort of human (high microsatellite instability)/MMRD tumors we revealed that early on-treatment change in the NLR ratio may predict resistance to αPD-1 therapy. TIN countered αPD-1 efficacy in MMRD tumors. Since αCTLA-4 could restrict TIN accumulation, αPD-1+αCTLA-4 combination overcomes αPD-1 resistance in hosts with hypermutated MMRD tumors displaying abnormal neutrophil accumulation.
EHA2021 Virtual Congress Abstract Book
Journal: HemaSphere (2021)

Log in or Register Get new issue alertsGet alerts Submit your manuscript Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Register Login Articles & Issues Latest ArticlesCurrent IssuePrevious Issues Subject Areas Cell and Gene TherapiesHematopoiesisLymphoid MalignanciesMyeloid MalignanciesRed Cell and Iron MetabolismThrombosis and HemostasisView All Featured Content Latest ArticlesReviews & ControversiesGuidelinesHemaTopicsHemaBitesEHA Research RoadmapCAR T-CellGene TherapyCOVID-19Biosimilars For Authors Instructions for Authors Submit Your PaperBenefits for AuthorsOpen Access Editorial, Legal, and Ethical PoliciesLanguage Editing Services About Us About the JournalEditorial BoardAffiliated SocietyReprintsRights and Permissions All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
Maternal Stroke
Authors: Islam Y. Elgendy, Syed Bukhari, Amr F. Barakat, Carl J. Pepine, Kathryn J. Lindley, Eliza C. Miller
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Maternal mortality rates have been steadily increasing in the United States, and cardiovascular mortality is the leading cause of death among pregnant and postpartum women. Maternal stroke accounts for a significant burden of cardiovascular mortality. Data suggest that rates of maternal stroke have been increasing in recent years. Advancing maternal age at the time of birth and the increasing prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and other risk factors, as well, such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, migraine, and infections, may contribute to increased rates of maternal stroke. In this article, we provide an overview of the epidemiology of maternal stroke, explore mechanisms that may explain increasing rates of stroke among pregnant women, and identify key knowledge gaps for future investigation in this area.