tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Walking Exercise for Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Mary M. McDermott
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

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Letter to the Editor: More efforts for the meta-analysis of the association between hepatic steatosis and HBV-related HCC
Authors: Yue Hu, Zheng Li, Yunlan Jiang, Xin Wang, Weilan He
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

To the editor, With great enthusiasm, we read the intriguing original article by Mao et al1 recently published in Hepatology. The authors investigated the association between hepatic steatosis (HS) and HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). It is a great work to explore the risk factors of hepatocarcinogenesis. Some points in this paper are interesting to be further explored, especially for the actual relationship between CHB and HS in the meta-analysis for HCC. The authors performed a subgroup meta-analysis with patients who received anti-HBV treatment.1 There is considerable heterogeneity (I2=78.1%) in this subgroup data synthesis. Actually, different treatment regimens may be one source of the substantial heterogeneity because different therapies (eg, Entecavir or Tenofovir) may be associated with different risks of HCC. Therefore, subgroup or meta-regression analysis according to the different regimens of anti-HBV therapy may be useful to resolve the considerable heterogeneity. Why is HS not associated with HCC? The authors discussed some possible reasons for the negative result (p = 0.86) of subgroup analysis with patients who received anti-HBV treatment in the Discussion section.1 In our opinion, the analysis of actual association between CHB and HS may open up a new possibility to explain and solve this puzzle (Figure 1). As shown in Figure 1, HS could be caused by varied etiologic categories, including HBV, diabetes, excess alcohol consumption, obesity, and so on. There are 3 possible relationships between CHB and HS: (1) Causality, HS was caused by CHB alone. (2) Coexistence without causality, HBV was not the origin of HS. (3) HS was caused by both CHB and other confounding factors. Accordingly, the causality between CHB and HS could be a reasonable explanation for the aforementioned negative result (p = 0.86)1 because anti-HBV therapy could reduce the risk of both HS and HCC. In the case of CHB and HS coexistence, the individual patient data meta-analysis is an effective approach to reach the truth of the association between HS and HCC in patients who received anti-HBV treatment.1 A positive association may emerge in the individual patient data meta-analysis based on the pure individuals without CHB-HS causality because the HS without HBV origin is completely independent of anti-HBV therapy.FIGURE 1: The multidimensional association and potential confounding factors between CHB and hepatic steatosis in the meta-analysis for HCC.Finally, some eligible studies were missed for the meta-analysis of HCC in the original article.1,2 Exhaustive synthesis of all eligible studies is necessary for meta-analysis to minimize potential biases and obtain more convincing results. Therefore, an updated meta-analysis should be conducted timely based on both the initially included studies and the missing eligible studies, especially for the missing studies contrary to the results of the original meta-analysis.
Dynamics of Age- versus Therapy-Related Clonal Hematopoiesis in Long-term Survivors of Pediatric Cancer
Authors: Kohei Hagiwara, Sivaraman Natarajan, Zhaoming Wang, Haseeb Zubair, Heather L. Mulder, Li Dong, Emily M. Plyler, Padma Thimmaiah, Xiaotu Ma, Kristen K. Ness, Zhenghong Li, Daniel A. Mulrooney, Carmen L. Wilson, Yutaka Yasui, Melissa M. Hudson, John Easton, Leslie L. Robison, Jinghui Zhang
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2023)

Abstract We present the first comprehensive investigation of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) in 2,860 long-term survivors of pediatric cancer with a median follow-up time of 23.5 years. Deep sequencing over 39 CH-related genes reveals mutations in 15% of the survivors, significantly higher than the 8.5% in 324 community controls. CH in survivors is associated with exposures to alkylating agents, radiation, and bleomycin. Therapy-related CH shows significant enrichment in STAT3, characterized as a CH gene specific to survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma, and TP53. Single-cell profiling of peripheral blood samples revealed STAT3 mutations predominantly present in T cells and contributed by SBS25, a mutational signature associated with procarbazine exposure. Serial sample tracking reveals that larger clone size is a predictor for future expansion of age-related CH clones, whereas therapy-related CH remains stable decades after treatment. These data depict the distinct dynamics of these CH subtypes and support the need for longitudinal monitoring to determine the potential contribution to late effects. Significance: This first comprehensive CH analysis in long-term survivors of pediatric cancer presents the elevated prevalence and therapy exposures/diagnostic spectrum associated with CH. Due to the contrasting dynamics of clonal expansion for age-related versus therapy-related CH, longitudinal monitoring is recommended to ascertain the long-term effects of therapy-induced CH in pediatric cancer survivors. See related commentary by Collord and Behjati, p. 811. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 799
Indeterminate cell histiocytosis treated with 0.5% delgocitinib ointment
Authors: Rai F T Fujimoto, Hiroyuki Miura, Mayumi Takata, Sakukei Fujiwara
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Although delgocitinib has been used for atopic dermatitis, it is also effective for indeterminate cell histiocytosis, a rare CD207–/CD1a+ histiocyte proliferative disease.
Gluten-free diet affects fecal small non-coding RNA profiles and microbiome composition in celiac disease supporting a host-gut microbiota crosstalk
Authors: Antonio Francavilla, Giulio Ferrero, Barbara Pardini, Sonia Tarallo, Laura Zanatto, Gian Paolo Caviglia, Sabina Sieri, Sara Grioni, Giulia Francescato, Francesco Stalla, Cristina Guiotto, Lucia Crocella, Marco Astegiano, Mauro Bruno, Pier Luigi Calvo, Paolo Vineis, Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone, Alessio Naccarati
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

Current treatment for celiac disease (CD) is adhering to a gluten-free diet (GFD), although its long-term molecular effects are still undescribed. New molecular features detectable in stool may improve and facilitate noninvasive clinical management of CD. For this purpose, fecal small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and gut microbiome profiles were concomitantly explored in CD subjects in relation to strict (or not) GFD adherence over time. In this observational study, we performed small RNA and shotgun metagenomic sequencing in stool from 63 treated CD (tCD) and 3 untreated subjects as well as 66 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. tCD included 51 individuals on strict GFD and with negative transglutaminase (TG) serology (tCD-TG-) and 12 symptomatic with not strict/short-time of GFD adherence and positive TG serology (tCD-TG+). Samples from additional 40 healthy adult individuals and a cohort of 19 untreated pediatric CD subjects and 19 sex/age matched controls were analyzed to further test the outcomes. Several miRNA and microbial profiles were altered in tCD subjects (adj. p < .05). Findings were validated in the external group of adult controls. In tCD-TG-, GFD duration correlated with five miRNA levels (p < .05): for miR-4533-3p and miR-2681-3p, the longer the diet adherence, the less the expression differed from controls. tCD-TG+ and untreated pediatric CD patients showed a similar miRNA dysregulation. Immune-response, trans-membrane transport and cell death pathways were enriched in targets of identified miRNAs. Bifidobacterium longum, Ruminococcus bicirculans, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae abundances shifted (adj. p < .05) with a progressive reduction of denitrification pathways with GFD length. Integrative analysis highlighted 121 miRNA-bacterial relationships (adj. p < .05). Specific molecular patterns in stool characterize CD subjects, reflecting either the long-term GFD effects or the gut inflammatory status, in case of a not strict/short-time adherence. Our findings suggest novel host-microbial interplays and could help the discovery of biomarkers for GFD monitoring over time.
Remodeling of colon plasma cell repertoire within ulcerative colitis patients
Authors: Johannes F. Scheid, Basak Eraslan, Andrew Hudak, Eric M. Brown, Dallis Sergio, Toni M. Delorey, Devan Phillips, Ariel Lefkovith, Alison T. Jess, Lennard W. Duck, Charles O. Elson, Hera Vlamakis, Damian R. Plichta, Jacques Deguine, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, Daniel B. Graham, Aviv Regev, Ramnik J. Xavier
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2023)

Plasma cells (PCs) constitute a significant fraction of colonic mucosal cells and contribute to inflammatory infiltrates in ulcerative colitis (UC). While gut PCs secrete bacteria-targeting IgA antibodies, their role in UC pathogenesis is unknown. We performed single-cell V(D)J- and RNA-seq on sorted B cells from the colon of healthy individuals and patients with UC. A large fraction of B cell clones is shared between different colon regions, but inflammation in UC broadly disrupts this landscape, causing transcriptomic changes characterized by an increase in the unfolded protein response (UPR) and antigen presentation genes, clonal expansion, and isotype skewing from IgA1 and IgA2 to IgG1. We also directly expressed and assessed the specificity of 152 mAbs from expanded PC clones. These mAbs show low polyreactivity and autoreactivity and instead target both shared bacterial antigens and specific bacterial strains. Altogether, our results characterize the microbiome-specific colon PC response and how its disruption might contribute to inflammation in UC.
The use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the management of hidradenitis suppurativa: a narrative review
Authors: Pedro Mendes-Bastos, Antonio Martorell, Vincenzo Bettoli, António P Matos, Elisa Muscianisi, Ximena Wortsman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Abstract Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory follicular skin disease that frequently affects the apocrine gland-bearing skin of the axillary, inguinal and anogenital regions. HS has a significant impact on the psychosocial health and quality of life of patients. Diagnosis of HS is typically clinical, and relies on the ability of physicians to recognize the signs of HS. However, lesions may present at the dermal and subcutaneous skin layers, which cannot be diagnosed by clinical examination alone. Further, the complexity of the clinical presentation of HS can lead to misdiagnosis and delay of diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Imaging is an important tool that can address these issues by detecting inflammatory activity and the early subclinical and dermal features of HS, and accurately characterizing lesional morphology, thereby informing on optimal therapeutic strategies. Overall, imaging is a key tool that can be used in conjunction with clinical examination to improve the management of HS by providing additional information to physicians, and thus optimize clinical decision making. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the general role of imaging in the management of HS, and we illustrate HS-specific applications of two pertinent imaging modalities, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, based on the literature, we summarize their uses in HS and provide considerations relating to standardizing the practise of ultrasound and effectively implementing the use of imaging in the management of HS.
JAMA Cardiology
Authors: Patrick O'gara, Marc Sabatine, Clyde Boston, Ann Yancy, Michael Pencina, Carolina North, Robert Harrington, Adrian Hernandez, Mhs Durham, North Carolina, Ajay Kirtane, New York, Roxana Mehran, Pradeep Natarajan, Kristen Boston, Seattle Patton, Washington Udelson, Sadiya Khan, Gregg Fonarow, Los Angeles, Sharlene Day, Laine Thomas, Akhil Narang, Julia Getts, Eugene Braunwald, Judith Hochman, Donald Lloyd-Jones, Scm Chicago, Michael Parmacek, Daniel Simon, Sidney Smith, Chapel Hill, Carolina Douglas, E Vaughan, Myron Weisfeldt, Maryland Douglas, P Zipes, Paul Armstrong, Shinya Goto, Peter Liu, Renato Lopes, Carolina Prabhakaran, Hugh Watkins, Harvey White, Habib Yacoub, Frs London, Gregory Curfman, Annette Flanagin, Michael Berkwits, Brenda Gregoline, Tracy Frey, Iris Lo, Kevin Brown, Bernadette Hromin, Erin Keenan, Rebecca Langley, Kris Simmons, Connie Manno, Sara Billings, Doug Brandt, Timothy Gray, Peter Olson, Juliet Orellana, Paul Ruich, Kirby Snell, Judith Ahlers, Stephanie Beckmeyer, Dawn Bielawski, Jane Calayag, Jan Clavey, Mary Coerver-Connolly, Amy Eutsey, Paul Jaworski, Ruth Kaufman, Laura King, Martha Lentz, Jenny Mackay, Nellie Mcgrew, Charon Pierson, Lori Ryan, Thressa Smith, Divya Sreekumar, Donna Thordsen, Christine Tilles, Emma Underdown, Cara Wallace, Becki Weiss, Christina West, Caroline Woods, Erin Kato, Jacob Kendall-Taylor, Monica Mungle, Lenette Gardner-Gullens, Anna Bukowski, Lee Calibeo, Jordan Faber, Andrew Given, Tosca Hall, Emma Hyche, Kenneth Otani, Caroline Sietmann, Angelia Digital, Elena Guobyte, Daniel Morrow, Shelly Steff, Jennifer Zeis, Jim Michalski, Eman Aly, Reuben Rios, Mary Ferkaluk, Sidra Bonner, Heather Hsu, Andrew Ibrahim, Karen Bucher, Andy Rekito, Nick Reback, Lohitha Kethu, Marla Erson, Joseph Thornton, Thomas Easley, Brian Shields, Karen Adams-Taylor, Paul Gee, Anna Frazier, Monica Smith, Julie Burton, Ronna Hewitt, Mary Sieck, Geneine Someren, Jamaal Vargas, Content Systems, Mike Bujewski, Nathan Mitre, Digital Production, Regina Brownlee, Amanda Camino, Brenda Chandler-Grayer, Emily Dunn, Amy Evers, Maleeka Holden, Teri Hutchison, Dan Knowles, Joshua Lampinen, Natalie Marsh, Patricia Panek, Marla Seidell, La Son, Diggs Sledge, Julian Graphics, Joe Amft, Jonathan Chala, Maria Duda, Fred Furtner, Carolyn Hall, Maria Kowalkowski, Joy Farrell, Maria Giannini, Sasha Grossman, Kate Lander, Judith Literskis, Teresa Omiotek, Michael Ryder, James Madara, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Robert Bonow
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

science, and evidence-based health policy.Health equity, especially when supported by original science, is a leading editorial priority.
Higher rates of concussion following COVID-19 infection in high school athletes
Authors: Garrett S Bullock, Carolyn A Emery, Vicki R Nelson, Albert Prats-Uribe, Robert Gill Gilliland, Charles A Thigpen, Ellen Shanley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2023)

To compare concussion rates (CRs) over one academic year in high school athletes with and without a COVID-19 infection prior to concussion.Illness and concussion were prospectively reported for male and female high school athletes across six states over one academic year in the Players Health Rehab surveillance system. Concussion was truncated to 60 days following recovery and return to sport from COVID-19. CRs were estimated per 1000 athletes per academic year and stratified by those who tested positive for COVID-19 infection (with COVID-19) and those who did not (no COVID-19). Poisson regression analyses estimated rate ratio (RR) of concussion controlling for state, gender and an offset of the log athlete participation (with COVID-19 and no COVID-19).Of 72 522 athletes, 430 COVID-19 infections and 1273 concussions were reported. The CR was greater in athletes who reported COVID-19 (CR=74.4/1000 athletes/year, 95% CI 49.6 to 99.3) compared with those who did not (CR=17.2, 95% CI 16.3 to 18.2). Athletes with recent COVID-19 had a threefold higher rate of concussion (RR=3.1, 95% CI 2.0 to 4.7).Athletes returning from COVID-19 had higher CRs than those who did not experience COVID-19. This may be related to ongoing COVID-19 sequelae or deconditioning related to reduced training and competition load during the illness and when returning to sport. Further research is needed to understand the association of recent COVID-19 infection and concussion in order to inform preventive strategies.
Do associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with cardiovascular disease and mortality differ across socioeconomic groups? A prospective analysis of device-measured and self-reported UK Biobank data
Authors: Susan Paudel, Matthew Ahmadi, Philayrath Phongsavan, Mark Hamer, Emmanuel Stamatakis
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2023)

To examine if individual-level and area-level socioeconomic status (SES) modifies the association of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behaviour with all-cause mortality (ACM) and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD).We used self-reported (International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form) and accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour data from the UK Biobank. We created an individual-level composite SES index using latent class analysis of household income, education and employment status. The Townsend Index was the measure of area-level SES. Cox proportional hazards regression models stratified across SES were used.In 328 228 participants (mean age 55.9 (SD 8.1) years, 45% men) with an average follow-up of 12.1 (1.4) years, 18 033 deaths and 98 922 incident CVD events occurred. We found an increased ACM risk of low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour and an increased incident CVD risk of low accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (ACCEL_MVPA) and high sitting time. We observed statistically significant interactions for all exposures in ACM analyses by individual-level SES (p<0.05) but only for screen time in area-level SES-ACM analysis (p<0.001). Compared with high self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (IPAQ_MVPA), adjusted ACM HRs for low IPAQ_MVPA were 1.14 (95% CI 1.05 to .25), 1.15 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.24) and 1.22 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.31) in high, medium and low individual-level SES, respectively. There were higher detrimental associations of low ACCEL_MVPA with decreasing area-level SES for both outcomes and of high screen time with ACM in low area-level SES.We found modest evidence suggesting that the detrimental associations of low MVPA and high screen time with ACM and incident CVD are accentuated in low SES groups.
Consensus on a netball video analysis framework of descriptors and definitions by the netball video analysis consensus group
Authors: Lois Mackay, Ben Jones, Dina Christina (Christa) Janse van Rensburg, Francine Hall, Lisa Alexander, Karen Atkinson, Pippa Baldrey, Anthony Bedford, Stuart Cormack, Jade Clarke, Hayden Croft, Katie Denton, Aaron S Fox, Paige Hadley, Richard Handyside, Sharief Hendricks, Jim Kerss, Liana Leota, Bjorn Maddern, Stuart A McErlain-Naylor, Mitchell Mooney, Daniel Pyke, Danielle Pistorius, Dimakatso A Ramagole, Dan Ryan, Fiona Scott, Tannath Scott, Julie Snow, Kirsten Spencer, Jess Thirlby, Carel Thomas Viljoen, Sarah Whitehead
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2023)

Using an expert consensus-based approach, a netball video analysis consensus (NVAC) group of researchers and practitioners was formed to develop a video analysis framework of descriptors and definitions of physical, technical and contextual aspects for netball research. The framework aims to improve the consistency of language used within netball investigations. It also aims to guide injury mechanism reporting and identification of injury risk factors. The development of the framework involved a systematic review of the literature and a Delphi process. In conjunction with commercially used descriptors and definitions, 19 studies were used to create the initial framework of key descriptors and definitions in netball. In a two round Delphi method consensus, each expert rated their level of agreement with each of the descriptors and associated definition on a 5-point Likert scale (1—strongly disagree; 2—somewhat disagree; 3—neither agree nor disagree; 4—somewhat agree; 5—strongly agree). The median (IQR) rating of agreement was 5.0 (0.0), 5.0 (0.0) and 5.0 (0.0) for physical, technical and contextual aspects, respectively. The NVAC group recommends usage of the framework when conducting video analysis research in netball. The use of descriptors and definitions will be determined by the nature of the work and can be combined to incorporate further movements and actions used in netball. The framework can be linked with additional data, such as injury surveillance and microtechnology data.
Considerations for peripheral blood transport and storage during large-scale multicentre metabolome research
Authors: James L Alexander, Nicola J Wyatt, Stephane Camuzeaux, Elena Chekmeneva, Beatriz Jimenez, Caroline J Sands, Hannah Fuller, Panteleimon Takis, Tariq Ahmad, Jennifer A Doyle, Ailsa Hart, Peter M Irving, Nicholas A Kennedy, Charlie W Lees, James O Lindsay, Rebecca E McIntyre, Miles Parkes, Natalie J Prescott, Tim Raine, Jack Satsangi, Richard Alexander Speight, Luke Jostins-Dean, Nick Powell, Julian R Marchesi, Christopher J Stewart, Christopher A Lamb
Journal: Gut (2023)
Acetyltransferase from<i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i>blunts colorectal tumourigenesis by reprogramming tumour microenvironment
Authors: Yi Jiang, Yuejie Xu, Chang Zheng, Lei Ye, Ping Jiang, Sara Malik, Guifang Xu, Qian Zhou, Mingming Zhang
Journal: Gut (2023)

The protein post-translational modification (PTM) in host cells can be rewritten by bacterial enzymes and represents an unprecedented mechanism in the communication between intestinal flora and the host. Although Akkermansia muciniphila has been widely investigated as a probiotic and blunts colitis-associated tumourigenesis in mice, there is little understanding regarding whether A. muciniphila is involved in the PTM of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study investigates whether and how A. muciniphila engages in the PTM of host CRC.The secreting extracellular vesicles from A. muciniphila and purified Amuc_2172 were used for different tumourigenesis mice models. Amuc_2172-induced immune activity of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The acetyltransferase activity and downstream target genes of Amuc_2172 were investigated.Amuc_2172, a general control non-derepressible 5-related acetyltransferase of A. muciniphila, was accessible to colorectal cells by macropinocytosis and functioned as an acetyltransferase of Lys14 on histone H3 (H3K14ac). Elevated H3K14ac on Hspa1a loci promoted the transcription and secretion of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) in cancer cells. High level of HSP70 promoted the immune activity of CTLs in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, bioengineered nanoparticles provided a safe and reliable drug delivery strategy of Amuc_2172 for CRC treatment in an allograft mice model.Amuc_2172 reprogrammed tumour microenvironment by inducing HSP70 secretion and promoting CTL-related immune response in the process of tumourigenesis.