tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Survival at 22 Weeks’ Gestation With Use of Antenatal Corticosteroids and Mode of Delivery in the United States
Authors: Ramesh Vidavalur, Zeenat Hussain, Naveed Hussain
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

This cross-sectional study reports recent trends in US national live births at 22 completed weeks’ gestational age and analyzes the association of antenatal corticosteroid use and cesarean delivery with birth-linked survival at birth certificate reporting time, 27 days of life, and 364 days of life.
Development of sensitization to peanut and storage proteins and relation to markers of airway and systemic inflammation: A 24‐year follow‐up
Authors: Sandra G. Tedner, Susanna Klevebro, Anna Bergström, Inger Kull, Niklas Andersson, Magnus P. Borres, Natalia Ballardini, Marit Westman, Jon R. Konradsen, Marianne van Hage, Caroline Nilsson, Erik Melén, Anna Asarnoj
Journal: Allergy (2022)

Abstract Background Long‐time data of peanut allergy over time is sparse. We aimed to study the longitudinal development of sensitization to peanut extract and storage protein allergen molecules and associations with asthma status, airway and systemic inflammation markers. Methods The Swedish birth cohort BAMSE followed 4089 participants with questionnaires, clinical investigations and blood sampling between 0 and 24 years. Information on (i) background factors at 2 months, (ii) peanut allergy symptoms and IgE data (ImmunoCAP) at 4, 8, 16, and 24 years, and (iii) IgE to storage proteins, lung function data including exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) as well as systemic inflammatory markers at 24 years of age were collected. Results The prevalence of peanut extract sensitization, defined as IgE ≥ 0.35 kU A /L, was 5.4%, 8.0%, 7.5%, and 6.2% at 4, 8, 16, and 24 years of age, respectively. Between 8 and 24 years of age, (33/1565) participants developed IgE‐ab to peanut extract (median 1,4, range 0.7–2.6 kU A /L), and among those 85% were also sensitized to birch. Only six individuals developed sensitization to Ara h 2 (≥0.1 kU A /L) between 8 and 24 years of age, of whom three had an IgE‐ab level between 0.1–0.12 kU A /L. Storage protein sensitization was associated with elevated FENO, blood eosinophils and type 2 inflammation‐related systemic proteins. Conclusion Sensitization to peanut extract after 4 years of age is mainly induced by birch cross‐sensitization and IgE to Ara h 2 rarely emerges after eight years of age. Storage protein sensitization is associated with respiratory and systemic inflammation.
Outcome of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy following treatment with inotuzumab ozogamicin in children with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Valeria Ceolin, Erica Brivio, Harm van Tinteren, Susan R. Rheingold, Allison Leahy, Britta Vormoor, Maureen M. O’Brien, Jeremy D. Rubinstein, Krzysztof Kalwak, Barbara De Moerloose, Elad Jacoby, Peter Bader, Mónica López-Duarte, Bianca F. Goemans, Franco Locatelli, Peter Hoogerbrugge, Friso G. Calkoen, Christian Michel Zwaan
Journal: Leukemia (2022)
Paying for Cancer Drugs—Getting What We Are (Prohibited From) Bargaining for
Authors: Isabel R. Ostrer, Cary P. Gross
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Association Between US Drug Price and Measures of Efficacy for Oncology Drugs Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration From 2015 to 2020
Authors: Miloš D. Miljković, Jordan E. Tuia, Timothée Olivier, Alyson Haslam, Vinay Prasad
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

This cross-sectional study estimates all US Food and Drug Administration anticancer approvals in recent years and evaluates if an association exists between their cost and efficacy.
Challenged Atrioventricular Node Ablation in a Patient With Atrial Fibrillation With Rapid Ventricular Rate and Wide QRS Complex
Authors: Xiaobo Pu, Bosen Yang, Hua Fu
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

This case report describes a patient in their 60s with a history of palpitations for more than 10 years and dyspnea for 3 years who had undergone a single-chamber pacemaker implant 10 years prior for sick sinus syndrome with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
A Cell‐Free Silk Fibroin Biomaterial Strategy Promotes In Situ Cartilage Regeneration Via Programmed Releases of Bioactive Molecules
Authors: Zhinan Mao, Xuewei Bi, Chengai Wu, Yufeng Zheng, Xiong Shu, Sujun Wu, Juan Guan, Robert O. Ritchie
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

In situ tissue regeneration using cell-free biofunctional scaffolds has been extensively studied as a promising alternative strategy to promote cartilage repair. In this study, a cartilage-biomimetic silk fibroin (SF)-based scaffold with controlled sequential release of two bioactive molecules is developed. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is initially loaded onto the SF scaffolds by physical absorption, which are then successively functionalized with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-specific-affinity peptide (E7) via gradient degradation coating of Silk fibroin Methacryloyl (SilMA)/Hyaluronic acid Methacryloyl (HAMA). Such SF-based scaffolds exhibit excellent structural stability and catilage-like mechanical properties, thus providing a desirable 3D microenvironment for cartilage reconstruction. Furthermore, rapid initial release of E7 during the first few days, followed by slow and sustained release of TGF-β1 for as long as few weeks, synergistically induced the recruitment of BMSCs and chondrogenic differentiation of them in vitro. Finally, in vivo studies indicate that the implantation of the biofunctional scaffold markedly promote in situ cartilage regeneration in a rabbit cartilage defect model. It is believed that this cartilage-biomimetic biofunctional SF-based scaffold with sequential controlled release of E7 and TGF-β1 may have a promising potential for improved cartilage tissue engineering.
The lung microbiome, peripheral gene expression, and recurrence-free survival after resection of stage II non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Brandilyn A. Peters, Harvey I. Pass, Robert D. Burk, Xiaonan Xue, Chandra Goparaju, Christopher C. Sollecito, Evan Grassi, Leopoldo N. Segal, Jun-Chieh J. Tsay, Richard B. Hayes, Jiyoung Ahn
Journal: Genome Medicine (2022)

Cancer recurrence after tumor resection in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is common, yet difficult to predict. The lung microbiota and systemic immunity may be important modulators of risk for lung cancer recurrence, yet biomarkers from the lung microbiome and peripheral immune environment are understudied. Such markers may hold promise for prediction as well as improved etiologic understanding of lung cancer recurrence.
Moving toward hepatitis B virus functional cure - the impact of on-treatment kinetics of serum viral markers
Authors: Lilian Yan Liang, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Grace Lai-Hung Wong, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2022)

See the Original "Hepatitis B virus pre-genomic RNA and hepatitis B core-related antigen reductions at week 4 predict favourable hepatitis B surface antigen response upon long-term nucleos(t)ide analogue in chronic hepatitis B" on page 146.
Somatic inactivation of breast cancer predisposition genes in tumors associated with pathogenic germline variants
Authors: Belle W X Lim, Na Li, Sakshi Mahale, Simone McInerny, Magnus Zethoven, Simone M Rowley, Joanne Huynh, Theresa Wang, Jue Er Amanda Lee, Mia Friedman, Lisa Devereux, Rodney J Scott, Erica K Sloan, Paul A James, Ian G Campbell
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2022)

Abstract Background Breast cancers (BCs) that arise in individuals heterozygous for a germline pathogenic variant in a susceptibility gene, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, PALB2, and RAD51C, have been shown to exhibit biallelic loss in the respective genes and be associated with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and distinctive somatic mutational signatures. Tumor sequencing thus presents an orthogonal approach to assess the role of candidate genes in BC development. Methods Exome sequencing was performed on paired normal-breast tumor DNA from 124 carriers of germline loss-of-function (LoF) or missense variant carriers in 15 known and candidate BC predisposition genes identified in the BEACCON case-control study. Biallelic inactivation and association with tumor genome features including mutational signatures and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score were investigated. Results BARD1-carrying TNBC (4 of 5) displayed biallelic loss and associated high HRD scores and mutational signature 3, as did a RAD51D-carrying TNBC and ovarian cancer. Biallelic loss was less frequent in BRIP1 BCs (4 of 13) and had low HRD scores. In contrast to other established BC genes, BCs from carriers of CHEK2 LoF (6 of 17) or missense (2 of 20) variant had low rates of biallelic loss. Exploratory analysis of BC from carriers of LoF variants in candidate genes such as BLM, FANCM, PARP2, and RAD50 found little evidence of biallelic inactivation. Conclusions BARD1 and RAD51D behave as classic BRCA-like predisposition genes with biallelic inactivation, but this was not observed for any of the candidate genes. However, as demonstrated for CHEK2, the absence of biallelic inactivation does not provide definitive evidence against the gene’s involvement in BC predisposition.
Assembly of Clay Nanotubes on Cotton Fibers Mediated by Biopolymer for Robust and High‐Performance Hemostatic Dressing
Authors: Yue Feng, Yunqing He, Xiaoying Lin, Mingyang Xie, Mingxian Liu, Yuri Lvov
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Abstract Uncontrollable bleeding from military conflicts, accidents, and surgical procedures is a major life‐threatening factor. Rapid, safe, and convenient hemostasis is critical to the survival of bleeding patients in prehospital care. However, the peel‐off of hemostats such as kaolinite sheets from the cotton fibers often poses a risk of distal thrombosis. Here, an efficient clay hemostat of halloysite nanotubes is tightly bound onto commercial cotton fibers, which is capillary mediated by biopolymer alginate with Ca 2+ crosslinking. The robust clay nanotube dressing materials maintain high procoagulant activity after harsh water treatment, and only a few residuals of halloysite exist in the wound area. Compared with commercial hemostat QuikClot Combat gauze, halloysite‐alginate‐cotton composite dressing exhibits hemostatic properties both in vivo and in vitro with high safety. The hemostatic mechanism of the dressing is attributed to activating platelets, locally concentrating clotting components in the nanoclay, halloysite coagulation factors, and alginate cross‐linked with Ca 2+ . This work inspires robust self‐assembly of clay nanotubes on textile fibers and offers a hemostatic material with balanced high hemostatic activity, minimal ingredient loss, and biocompatibility. The robust dressing based on halloysite tightly bounded cotton shows great potential for military, medical, and civil bleeding control with low health risks.
Toxicity and Biocompatibility of Liquid Metals
Authors: Sen Chen, Ruiqi Zhao, Xuyang Sun, Hongzhang Wang, Lei Li, Jing Liu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Abstract Recently, room‐temperature liquid metals have attracted increasing attention from researchers owing to their excellent material properties. Systematic interpretation of the potential toxicity issues involved is essential for a wide range of applications, especially in the biomedical and healthcare fields. However, even with the exponential growth of related studies, investigation of the toxicological impact and possible hazards of liquid metals to organisms is still in its infancy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current frontier of knowledge on liquid metal toxicology and biocompatibility in different environments. Based on recent studies, this review focuses on Ga and Bi‐based in different states. It is necessary to evaluate their toxicity considering the rapid increase in research and utilization of such liquid metal composites. Finally, existing challenges are discussed and suggestions are provided for further investigation of liquid metal toxicology to clarify the toxicological mechanisms and strategies are provided to avoid adverse effects. In addition to resolving the doubts of public concern about the toxicity of liquid metals, this review is expected to promote the healthy and sustainable development of liquid metal‐based materials and their use in diverse areas, especially those related to health care.
Intermittent Chest Pain in a 46-Year-Old Patient
Authors: Carlos Plappert, Mohammad Sherif, Christian Oeing
Journal: JAMA (2022)

A patient in his 40s presented to the emergency department with chest pain and diaphoresis, which had also occurred 2 days earlier. He had a 20 pack-year history of smoking but no family history of cardiovascular disease. The patient’s electrocardiogram showed biphasic T waves in leads V 2 and V 3 . What would you do next?
Disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis and immunodeficiency in patients with functional IP3 receptor subtype 3 defects
Authors: Julika Neumann, Erika Van Nieuwenhove, Lara E. Terry, Frederik Staels, Taylor R. Knebel, Kirsten Welkenhuyzen, Kourosh Ahmadzadeh, Mariah R. Baker, Margaux Gerbaux, Mathijs Willemsen, John S. Barber, Irina I. Serysheva, Liesbeth De Waele, François Vermeulen, Susan Schlenner, Isabelle Meyts, David I. Yule, Geert Bultynck, Rik Schrijvers, Stephanie Humblet-Baron, Adrian Liston
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2022)

Calcium signaling is essential for lymphocyte activation, with genetic disruptions of store-operated calcium (Ca2+) entry resulting in severe immunodeficiency. The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), a homo- or heterotetramer of the IP3R1-3 isoforms, amplifies lymphocyte signaling by releasing Ca2+ from endoplasmic reticulum stores following antigen stimulation. Although knockout of all IP3R isoforms in mice causes immunodeficiency, the seeming redundancy of the isoforms is thought to explain the absence of variants in human immunodeficiency. In this study, we identified compound heterozygous variants of ITPR3 (a gene encoding IP3R subtype 3) in two unrelated Caucasian patients presenting with immunodeficiency. To determine whether ITPR3 variants act in a nonredundant manner and disrupt human immune responses, we characterized the Ca2+ signaling capacity, the lymphocyte response, and the clinical phenotype of these patients. We observed disrupted Ca2+ signaling in patient-derived fibroblasts and immune cells, with abnormal proliferation and activation responses following T-cell receptor stimulation. Reconstitution of IP3R3 in IP3R knockout cell lines led to the identification of variants as functional hypomorphs that showed reduced ability to discriminate between homeostatic and induced states, validating a genotype-phenotype link. These results demonstrate a functional link between defective endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ channels and immunodeficiency and identify IP3Rs as diagnostic targets for patients with specific inborn errors of immunity. These results also extend the known cause of Ca2+-associated immunodeficiency from store-operated entry to impaired Ca2+ mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum, revealing a broad sensitivity of lymphocytes to genetic defects in Ca2+ signaling.
Qualitative Analysis of Patient–Physician Discussions Regarding Anticoagulation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Kathryn A. Martinez, Heather McKee Hurwitz, Michael B. Rothberg
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

For patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), the decision to initiate anticoagulation involves the choice between warfarin or a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC). How physicians engage patients in this decision is unknown.To describe the content of discussions between patients with AF and physicians regarding choice of anticoagulation.This qualitative content analysis included clinical encounters between physicians and anticoagulation-naive patients discussing anticoagulation initiation between 2014 and 2020.Themes identified through content analysis.Of 37 encounters, almost all (34 [92%]) resulted in a prescription for a DOAC. Most (25 [68%]) patients were White; 15 (41%) were female and 22 (59%) were male; and 24 (65%) were aged 65 to 84 years. Twenty-one physicians conducted the included encounters, the majority of whom were cardiologists (14 [67%]) and male (19 [90%]). The analysis revealed 4 major categories and associated subcategories of themes associated with physician discussion of anticoagulation with anticoagulation-naive patients: (1) benefit vs risk of taking anticoagulation-in many cases, this involved an imbalance in completeness of discussion of stroke vs bleeding risk, and physicians often used emotional language; (2) tradeoffs between warfarin and DOACs-physicians typically discussed pros and cons, used persuasive language, and provided mixed signals, telling patients that warfarin and DOACs were basically equivalent, while simultaneously saying warfarin is rat poison; (3) medication costs-physicians often attempted to address patients' questions about out-of-pocket costs but were unable to provide concrete answers, and they often provided free samples or coupons; and (4) DOACs in television commercials-physicians used direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising about DOACs to orient patients to the issue of anticoagulation as well as the advantages of DOACs over warfarin. Patients and physicians also discussed class action lawsuits for DOACs that patients had seen on television.This qualitative analysis of anticoagulation discussions between physicians and patients during clinical encounters found that physicians engaged in persuasive communication to convince patients to accept anticoagulation with a DOAC, yet they were unable to address questions regarding medication costs. For patients who are ultimately unable to afford DOACs, this may lead to unnecessary financial burden or abandoning prescriptions at the pharmacy, placing them at continued risk of stroke.
Single High-Sensitivity Point-of-Care Whole-Blood Cardiac Troponin I Measurement to Rule Out Acute Myocardial Infarction at Low Risk
Authors: Fred S. Apple, Stephen W. Smith, Jaimi H. Greenslade, Yader Sandoval, William Parsonage, Isuru Ranasinghe, Niranjan Gaikwad, Karen Schulz, Laura Stephensen, Christian W. Schmidt, Brynn Okeson, Louise Cullen, Emily Brownlee, Gavin Fincher, Emma Hall, Rebecca Hancock, Vinay Gangathimmaiah, Christian Hamilton-Craig, Andrew Hobbins-King, Gerben Keijzers, Maryam Khorramshahi Bayat, Ellyse McCormick, Ehsan Mahmoodi, Siegfried Perez, Andrew Staib, Anna Zournazi, Martin Than
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: High-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) laboratory assays are used to rule out myocardial infarction (MI) on presentation, but prolonged result turnaround times can delay patient management. Our primary aim was to identify patients at low risk of index MI using a rapid point-of-care (POC) whole-blood hs-cTnI assay at presentation with potential early patient discharge. Methods: Consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department from 2 prospective observational studies with suspected acute coronary syndrome were enrolled. A POC hs-cTnI assay (Atellica VTLi) threshold using whole blood at presentation, which resulted in a negative predictive value of ≥99.5% and sensitivity of &gt;99% for index MI, was derived (SEIGE [Safe Emergency Department Discharge Rate]) and validated with plasma (SAMIE [Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction in Emergency]). Event adjudications were established with hs-cTnI assay results from routine clinical care. The primary outcome was MI at 30 days. Results: A total of 1086 patients (8.1% with MI) were enrolled in a US derivation cohort (SEIGE) and 1486 (5.5% MI) in an Australian validation cohort (SAMIE). A derivation whole-blood POC hs-cTnI concentration of &lt;4 ng/L provided a sensitivity of 98.9% (95% CI, 93.8%–100%) and negative predictive value of 99.5% (95% CI, 97.2%–100%) for ruling out MI. In the validation cohort, the sensitivity was 98.8% (95% CI, 93.3%–100%), and negative predictive value was 99.8% (95% CI, 99.1%–100%); 17.8% and 41.8%, respectively, were defined as low risk for discharge. The 30-day adverse cardiac events were 0.1% (n=1) for SEIGE and 0.8% (n=5) for SAMIE. Conclusions: A POC whole-blood hs-cTnI assay permits accessible, rapid, and safe exclusion of MI and may expedite discharge from the emergency department. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT04772157. URL: https://www.australianclinicaltrials.gov.au/anzctr_feed/form ; Unique identifier: 12621000053820.
Opportunities to advance measurement of adolescent wellbeing: building on a new conceptual framework
Authors: Holly Newby, Ann Hagell, Andrew D Marsh, Regina Guthold
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Opportunities to advance measurement of adolescent wellbeing: building on a new conceptual frameworkAvailable data are insufficient and inconsistent, but increasing focus on adolescent wellbeing provides the impetus to advance measurement, argue Holly Newby and colleagues• Developing a new way to comprehen- sively measure adolescent wellbeing will build on existing data collection tools and initiatives on 18 August
Attrition of Indigenous Medical Students Requires Swift Institutional Response
Authors: Alec J. Calac, Kekoa Taparra
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal