tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neurodevelopment of children exposed in utero to phenytoin and carbamazepine monotherapy
Authors: D. Scolnik
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To compare pregnancy outcome prospectively after phenytoin and carbamazepine monotherapy with outcome in matched mother-child pairs exposed to nonteratogens to evaluate the relative fetal safety of these drugs. <h3>Design.</h3> —A prospective, controlled, and blinded observational study. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Thirty-six mother-child pairs exposed to carbamazepine monotherapy and 34 pairs exposed to phenytoin monotherapy, all prospectively studied, were compared with mother-child pairs exposed to nonteratogens. The controls were matched for maternal age, time of consultation, obstetric history, and socioeconomic status. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —The primary end point of interest was the children's global IQ measured by either the Bayley or the McCarthy scale according to their ages. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A teratology consultation program and two neurology services in Toronto, Ontario. <h3>Results.</h3> — Children exposed to phenytoin in utero had a mean (±SD) global IQ 10 points lower (95% confidence interval, 4.9 to 15.8 points) than their matched controls (113.4±13.1 and 103.1±25.1;<i>P</i>=.038). The Reynell language development scores followed a similar trend, with children exposed to phenytoin scoring significantly lower than their controls. Phenytoin-exposed children had a global IQ of 84 or less significantly more often than the control group (<i>P</i>&lt;.01). Children exposed in utero to carbamazepine did not differ from their controls on any of the neurobehavioral tests. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Our study suggests a clinically important negative effect of phenytoin on neurobehavioral development, independent of maternal or environmental factors, causing a substantial number of children to achieve a lower score than expected on cognitive tests. No similar effects could be shown after gestational use of carbamazepine. (<i>JAMA</i>1994;271:767-770)
Book Reviews
Authors: Jonathan D. Lewis, Johann Kinzl, Wilfried Biebl, Hermann Rauchegger, Mark G. Haviland, James P. MacMurray, Michael A. Cummings, Asbjorn O. Faleide, Anne L. Refnin, Reidulf G. Watten, Karin Barth, Odd E. Havik, Geir Nielsen, Brit Haver, Ester Mølstad, Henrik Rogge, Marit Skåtun, Astrid Nøklebye Heiberg, Holger Ursin, Janusz K. Rybakowski, William L. Dyson, Jay D. Amsterdam, George M. Iatrakis, Gerasimos G. Sakellaropoulos, Anthony H. Kourkoubas, Stavroula E. Kabounia, Maurizio Fava, Emanuela Serafini, Leopoldo De Besi, Alberto Adami, Ismaele Mastrogiacomo, Renzo Rizzardo, Guido Magni, Carla Cremonese, Rosaria Talamo Rossi, Michele Cosentino, A. Blaser, B. Maloigne-Katz, U. Gigon
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1988)
The American Board of Internal Medicine
Authors: Joseph J. Weiss
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Letters6 January 2015The American Board of Internal MedicineJoseph J. Weiss, MDJoseph J. Weiss, MDFrom Livonia, Michigan.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L15-5039-3 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Baron and Johnson (1) state, “Most internists practicing today would be unfamiliar with and perhaps unable to pass the first ABIM examination, a written essay test with 8 questions.” That statement is unwarranted—the authors give no documentation that they gave the test or any questions in it to even 1 present-day ABIM board-certified physician. It is unfair because physicians interested in whether they could pass the examination cannot respond. Furthermore, the Figure is so small and faded that it is impossible for a physician, even with a magnifying glass, to see the questions, let alone answer them. ...Reference1. Baron RJ, Johnson D. The American Board of Internal Medicine: evolving professional self-regulation. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161:221-3. [PMID: 24821363] doi:10.7326/M13-2478 LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Livonia, Michigan.Disclosures: Authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterest Forms.do?msNum=L14-0486. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe American Board of Internal Medicine: Evolving Professional Self-regulation Richard J. Baron and David Johnson The American Board of Internal Medicine: Evolving Professional Self-regulation Richard J. Baron and David Johnson The American Board of Internal Medicine Edward Volpintesta The American Board of Internal Medicine Timothy Kleinschmidt The American Board of Internal Medicine Richard J. Baron and David Johnson The American Board of Internal Medicine Edward Volpintesta The American Board of Internal Medicine Richard J. Baron and David Johnson The American Board of Internal Medicine Timothy Kleinschmidt Metrics 6 January 2015Volume 162, Issue 1Page: 76KeywordsConflicts of interestDisclosure ePublished: 6 January 2015 Issue Published: 6 January 2015 CopyrightCopyright © 2015 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Long-term silicone implant arthroplasty. Implications of animal and human autopsy findings
Authors: R. M. Nalbandian
Journal: JAMA (1983)

An examination of host tissue response to implanted material has been conducted as part of a comprehensive research program to study lowmodulus of elasticity silicone implants for small-joint arthroplasty. This was performed on animals and in a long-term human clinical evaluation. Autopsy material on three dogs was obtained more than ten years after silicone implants were placed in their limbs, and in one human arthritic patient it was obtained 12 years after hand reconstruction with implants. The benign nature of the tissue reaction to the implant material is noted. It is compared with other implant materials and discussed in terms of host tissue reactions that may occur in joint replacement procedures. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:1195-1198)
Diseases of the Heart, Blood-Vessels, Lymphatics, Blood, and Ductless Glands.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Delirium
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Delirium Delirium is a disturbance of consciousness (awareness of the person' s environment) characterized by altered or shifting mental status and inattention (reduced ability to focus, sustain, or shift attention).There are also changes in cognition (basic mental functions) such as memory impairment, disorientation to time or place, and language disturbance.There also may be disturbances of perception (accurate appreciation of the environment) such as hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not actually there), abnormal speech, abnormal movements (including tremors or picking at clothing), disruptive or violent behavior, and sudden shifts in emotions.To qualify for a diagnosis of delirium, the signs and symptoms must have a short onset (over a period of hours or days) and change over the course of the day.It is important to make a clear distinction between delirium and dementia (such as Alzheimer disease).Dementia is a disturbance in intellectual (thinking) functions and memory that is usually gradually progressive over a long period.Having delirium along with another medical illness can significantly increase a person' s chance of dying of that illness.It is important for doctors to identify delirium so that it can be treated to improve the person' s overall prognosis.The August 18, 2010, issue of JAMA includes an article about diagnosing delirium.This Patient Page is based on one previously published in the December 24/31, 2008, issue of JAMA.
Moderate alcohol intake reduces women's fecundity
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Routine protein energy supplementation may improve patient outcomesAlthough it is recognised that hospital patients are frequently undernourished, it is not clear if routine protein energy supplementation improves patient outcomes.On p 495 Potter et al report on a systematic review of the randomised controlled trials of routine protein energy supplementation by the oral or enteral route.Patients receiving supplements were more likely to show improvements in weight and anthropometry and were less likely to die.However, when the analysis was restricted to those trials clearly describing a good methodological design, the observed benefits were diminished.Although there may be significant and important health benefits from routine prescribing of protein energy supplementation, further large pragmatic trials are justified.
Twenty-fourth Annual Report of the Secretary of the State Board of Health of the State of Michigan.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Electromyography in Latent Tetany
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Screening Cuts Ovarian Cancer Mortality
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2016)

Based on a study that began in 2001, researchers have concluded that ovarian cancer screening increases survival. Disease-related mortality was 20% lower among women who received multimodal screening-annual testing of CA125 blood levels and, if CA125 was abnormal, additional CA125 tests and perhaps transvaginal ultrasound-than among those who weren't screened. When researchers factored in the delayed benefits of screening, the mortality reduction was 22%.
Stroma transcriptomic and proteomic profile of prostate cancer metastasis xenograft models reveals prognostic value of stroma signatures
Authors: S. Karkampouna, M.R. De Filippo, C.K.Y. Ng, I. Klima, E. Zoni, M. Spahn, F. Stein, P. Haberkant, G.N. Thalmann, M. Kruithof-De Julio
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Correction to: Ravulizumab: A Review in Atypical Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome
Authors: Yahiya Y. Syed
Journal: Drugs (2021)

The article Ravulizumab: A Review in Atypical Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome, written by Yahiya Y. Syed, was originally published electronically in SpringerLink on 18 March 2021 without open access.
Reduced Spinophilin But Not Microtubule-Associated Protein 2 Expression in the Hippocampal Formation in Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders: Molecular Evidence for a Pathology of Dendritic Spines
Authors: A. J. Law
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: Aberrant synaptic connectivity may underlie the involvement of the hippocampus in schizophrenia. There is reasonable neuropathological evidence for a presynaptic pathology but few studies of the postsynaptic component. This study tested the hypothesis that hippocampal dendritic pathology is also present in schizophrenia. METHOD: Using in situ hybridization in sections of hippocampal formation from 10 patients with schizophrenia, 10 patients with mood disorders (three with bipolar disorder and seven with major depression), and 10 healthy comparison subjects, the authors examined the expression of two important dendritic genes: spinophilin, which serves as a marker of dendritic spines, and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), an overall dendritic marker. RESULTS: The patients with schizophrenia had lower levels of spinophilin mRNA in CA4 (hilus), CA3, the subiculum, and the entorhinal cortex than did the normal comparison subjects. The mood disorder group showed similar differences from the comparison group. MAP2 and cyclophilin mRNA did not differ between the groups in any subfield. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased spinophilin but unchanged MAP2 expression provides molecular evidence for a hippocampal dendritic pathology in schizophrenia that preferentially affects the spines. As spines are the target of most glutamatergic synapses, the data extend the evidence that excitatory synapses are particularly affected. Similar dendritic spine pathology may also occur in mood disorders.
NON-NARCOTIC TREATMENT OF DELIRIUM TREMENS.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Medical News Visiting List, 1897.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Preservation of physician-patient relationship seen as integral to health care system reform
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1994)

THE NEED for reform of the health care system in the United States is widely accepted, both socially and politically. But the long-term consequences have not been as widely discussed. "What do we want to preserve in the system? What do we need to change?" asks Rodney E. Nichols, chief executive officer of the New York (NY) Academy of Sciences. Changes are already here, says Parker Small, MD, professor of immunology and microbiology and professor of pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, "and it isn't Washington that's bringing most of them about." Both spoke at a conference on the changing health care system organized by the academy's president-elect, Henry Greenberg, MD, associate professor of clinical medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY. The conference grappled with questions such as, What will happen to the physician-patient relationship? What changes are coming in medical education? What
Nitroreduction and Formation of Hemoglobin Adducts in Rats with a Human Intestinal Microflora
Authors: Paul T. J. Scheepers, Marcel M. E. Straetemans, Joop P. Koopman, Rob P. Bos
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

In the covalent binding of nitroarenes to macromolecules, nitroreduction is an important step.The intestinal microflora represents an enormous potential of bacterial nitroreductase activity.As a consequence, the in vivo nitroreduction of orally administered nitroarenes is primarily located in the intestine.In this study, we have investigated the nitroreduction of 2-nitrofluorene (2-NF) by a human microflora in female Wistar rats.Germ-free (GF) rats were equipped with a bacterial flora derived from human feces.Nontreated GF rats and GF animals equipped with a conventional rat flora were used as controls.The composition of the human and the conventional microflora isolated from the rats were consistent with the microflora of the administered feces.In the rats receiving only sunflower seed oil, no adducts were detected.The animals equipped with a human or rat microflora that received 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) formed 2-AF hemoglobin (Hb)-adducts at average levels (mean ± SEM) of 5.3 ± 0.3 and 6.7 ± 0.7 pmole/g Hb, respectively.After 2-NF administration, the adduct levels were 0.022 ± 0.003 and 0.043 ± 0.010 pmole/g Hb, respectively.In the GF rats, an adduct level of 0.57 ± 0.09 was determined after 2-AF administration and no adducts were detected after 2-NF administration.The results show that nitroreduction by an acquired human intestinal microflora and subsequent adduct formation can be studied in the rat in vivo.
Platelet Size and Function in Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue.
Authors: J. Worth Estes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Platelet Size and Function in Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue.J. Worth Estes, M.D.J. Worth Estes, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1167_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPatients with Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos, Hunter, and Hurler syndromes, osteogenesis imperfecta and pseudoxanthoma elasticum, and their relatives, were evaluated semiquantitatively as to size of their platelets on peripheral blood smears. Considering in turn the total 117 patients and relatives, the 29 available index patients, the total 88 relatives, and the 20 affected relatives, thettest showed that each of these groups had remarkably larger platelets that had 69 normal control subjects (P< 0.02 in all 4 cases). Relatives of index patients with large platelets also tended to have large platelets, and affected relatives had larger platelets than had unaffected... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J. Worth Estes, M.D.Affiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1167-1168KeywordsBloodConnective tissuePlatelets ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Estriol in the management of the menopause
Authors: V. A. Tzingounis
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Estriol was administered for a six-month period as estrogen replacement therapy to 52 symptomatic postmenopausal women. Assays of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrone, and estradiol were performed before and during therapy. During this period of administration, vaginal cytology, cervical mucus, and endometrial studies were performed. Clinical effectiveness was directly related to dosage (2 to 8 mg/day). Estriol (8 mg/day) failed to induce endometrial proliferation and proved a poor suppressor of FSH and LH. This agent's capacity to relieve vasomotor instability and improve vaginal maturation without notable side effects is sufficient reason to include this drug in the management of the postmenopausal syndrome. (<i>JAMA</i>239:1638-1641, 1978)