tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ceftobiprole for Treatment of Complicated <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Bacteremia
Authors: Thomas L. Holland, Sara E. Cosgrove, Sarah B. Doernberg, Timothy C. Jenkins, Nicholas A. Turner, Helen W. Boucher, Oleksander Pavlov, Ivan Titov, Serhii Kosulnykov, Boyko Atanasov, Ivan Poromanski, Manana Makhviladze, Anastasia Anderzhanova, Martin E. Stryjewski, Maziar Assadi Gehr, Marc Engelhardt, Kamal Hamed, Daniel Ionescu, Mark Jones, Mikael Saulay, Jennifer Smart, Harald Seifert, Vance G. Fowler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

Ceftobiprole is a cephalosporin that may be effective for treating complicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Download a PDF of the Research Summary. In this phase 3, double-blind, double-dummy, noninferiority trial, adults with complicated S. aureus bacteremia were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive ceftobiprole at a dose of 500 mg intravenously every 6 hours for 8 days and every 8 hours thereafter, or daptomycin at a dose of 6 to 10 mg per kilogram of body weight intravenously every 24 hours plus optional aztreonam (at the discretion of the trial-site investigators). The primary outcome, overall treatment success 70 days after randomization (defined as survival, bacteremia clearance, symptom improvement, no new S. aureus bacteremia–related complications, and no receipt of other potentially effective antibiotics), with a noninferiority margin of 15%, was adjudicated by a data review committee whose members were unaware of the trial-group assignments. Safety was also assessed. Of 390 patients who underwent randomization, 387 (189 in the ceftobiprole group and 198 in the daptomycin group) had confirmed S. aureus bacteremia and received ceftobiprole or daptomycin (modified intention-to-treat population). A total of 132 of 189 patients (69.8%) in the ceftobiprole group and 136 of 198 patients (68.7%) in the daptomycin group had overall treatment success (adjusted difference, 2.0 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], −7.1 to 11.1). Findings appeared to be consistent between the ceftobiprole and daptomycin groups in key subgroups and with respect to secondary outcomes, including mortality (9.0% and 9.1%, respectively; 95% CI, −6.2 to 5.2) and the percentage of patients with microbiologic eradication (82.0% and 77.3%; 95% CI, −2.9 to 13.0). Adverse events were reported in 121 of 191 patients (63.4%) who received ceftobiprole and 117 of 198 patients (59.1%) who received daptomycin; serious adverse events were reported in 36 patients (18.8%) and 45 patients (22.7%), respectively. Gastrointestinal adverse events (primarily mild nausea) were more frequent with ceftobiprole. Ceftobiprole was noninferior to daptomycin with respect to overall treatment success in patients with complicated S. aureus bacteremia. (Funded by Basilea Pharmaceutica International and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; ERADICATE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03138733.) QUICK TAKE VIDEO SUMMARYCeftobiprole for Complicated S. aureus Bacteremia 02:15
Treatment discontinuation in chronic myeloid leukemia: When, how, and why?
Authors: Fadi G. Haddad, Nicholas J. Short
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2023)

Nicholas J. Short has served as consultant for Pfizer Inc., GSK, NKARTA, and Sanofi, reports receiving research grants from Takeda Oncology, Astellas Pharma Inc., Xencor, Stemline Therapeutics, and NextCure, and has received honoraria from Novartis, Amgen, Takeda Oncology, Astellas Pharma Inc., Sanofi, and BeiGene. Fadi G. Haddad reports no relevant conflicts of interest. None
Isatuximab, Carfilzomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone for the Treatment of High-Risk Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Lisa B. Leypoldt, Diana Tichy, Britta Besemer, Mathias Hänel, Marc S. Raab, Christoph Mann, Markus Munder, Hans Christian Reinhardt, Axel Nogai, Martin Görner, Yon-Dschun Ko, Maike de Wit, Hans Salwender, Christof Scheid, Ullrich Graeven, Rudolf Peceny, Peter Staib, Annette Dieing, Hermann Einsele, Anna Jauch, Michael Hundemer, Manola Zago, Ema Požek, Axel Benner, Carsten Bokemeyer, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Katja C. Weisel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

The GMMG-CONCEPT trial investigated isatuximab, carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (Isa-KRd) in transplant-eligible (TE) and transplant-noneligible (TNE) patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) with exclusively high-risk disease for whom prospective trials are limited, aiming to induce minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity.This academic, investigator-initiated, multicenter, phase II trial enrolled patients with high-risk NDMM (HRNDMM) defined by mandatory International Staging System stage II/III combined with del17p, t(4;14), t(14;16), or more than three 1q21 copies as high-risk cytogenetic aberrations (HRCAs). Patients received Isa-KRd induction/consolidation and Isa-KR maintenance. TE patients received high-dose melphalan. TNE patients received two additional Isa-KRd cycles postinduction. This prespecified interim analysis (IA) reports the primary end point, MRD negativity (<10-5, next-generation flow), at the end of consolidation. The secondary end point was progression-free survival (PFS).Among 125 patients with HRNDMM (TE-intention-to-treat [ITT]-IA, 99; TNE-ITT, 26) of the IA population for the primary end point, the median age was 58 (TE-ITT-IA) and 74 (TNE-ITT) years. Del17p was the most common HRCA (TE, 44.4%; TNE, 42.3%); about one third of evaluable TE/TNE patients presented two or more HRCAs, respectively. The trial met its primary end point with MRD negativity rates after consolidation of 67.7% (TE) and 54.2% (TNE) of patients. Eighty-one of 99 TE-ITT-IA patients reached MRD negativity at any time point (81.8%). MRD negativity was sustained for ≥1 year in 62.6% of patients. With a median follow-up of 44 (TE) and 33 (TNE) months, median PFS was not reached in either arm.Isa-KRd effectively induces high rates of sustainable MRD negativity in the difficult-to-treat HRNDMM population, regardless of transplant status, translating into a median PFS that was not yet reached after 44/33 months.
The Role of Posterior Wall Isolation in Catheter Ablation for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation and Systolic Heart Failure
Authors: Jeremy William, David Chieng, Hariharan Sugumar, Liang-Han Ling, Louise Segan, Rose Crowley, Ahmed Al-Kaisey, Joshua Hawson, Sandeep Prabhu, Aleksandr Voskoboinik, Geoffrey Wong, Joseph B. Morton, Geoffrey Lee, Alex J. McLellan, Michael Wong, Rajeev K. Pathak, Laurence Sterns, Matthew Ginks, Christopher M. Reid, Prashanthan Sanders, Jonathan M. Kalman, Peter M. Kistler
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Catheter ablation for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is associated with improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and survival compared with medical therapy. Nonrandomized studies have reported improved success with posterior wall isolation (PWI).
The benefits of R anastomotic technique for Billroth-II reconstruction with Braun anastomosis during totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy: a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Jiajie Zhou, Qi Zhang, Wei Wang, Longhe Sun, Ruiqi Li, Shuai Zhao, Daorong Wang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: Currently, there is no consensus on the most appropriate anastomotic site, anastomotic line, and direction for Billroth-II reconstruction with Braun anastomosis (B-II-B anastomosis) during totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG). Herein, the authors presented a novel anastomotic technique called R anastomosis for B-II-B anastomosis and compared it with the conventional B-II-B anastomosis technique to assess its feasibility, safety, and effectiveness. Methods: Between March 2019 and September 2022 in our centre, R anastomosis was performed on 123 patients undergoing TLDG for distal gastric cancer. A retrospective review of a prospectively collected database identified patients who underwent TLDG between January 2010 and September 2022. Patients who underwent R anastomosis were matched in a 1:1 ratio with patients who underwent conventional anastomosis using a propensity score based on age, sex, preoperative BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, and the history of abdominal surgery. Surgical and postoperative outcomes and clinicopathological data were analyzed for both groups. Results: During the study period, 246 patients were included, 123 in each group. No intraoperative complications associated with digestive tract reconstruction and no cases of conversion to open surgery were reported in either group; furthermore, no incidences of perioperative mortality were noted in either group. The R group had a significantly reduced anastomotic time compared to the control group (30 ± 4.1 vs. 36 ± 5.3 min, P &lt; 0.001). Perioperatively, the incidences of Clavien–Dindo grade II or higher complications were 6.5% (8/123) and 12.2% (15/123) in the R and control groups with no significant difference between the two groups. Postoperative gastric emptying dysfunction was found in five and one patient in the control and R groups, respectively. Conclusion: R anastomosis is a safe and effective technique for B-II-B anastomosis following TLDG. This novel technique enhances the convenience of performing anastomosis and can reduce postoperative gastric emptying dysfunction.
Palliative Care for Patients Undergoing Surgery—Reply
Authors: Myrick C. Shinall, Sara F. Martin, Mohana Karlekar
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

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Community Mobility and Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States
Authors: Roy H. Perlis, Kristin Lunz Trujillo, Alauna Safarpour, Alexi Quintana, Matthew D. Simonson, Jasper Perlis, Mauricio Santillana, Katherine Ognyanova, Matthew A. Baum, James N. Druckman, David Lazer
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Marked elevation in levels of depressive symptoms compared with historical norms have been described during the COVID-19 pandemic, and understanding the extent to which these are associated with diminished in-person social interaction could inform public health planning for future pandemics or other disasters. Objective To describe the association between living in a US county with diminished mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic and self-reported depressive symptoms, while accounting for potential local and state-level confounding factors. Design, Setting, and Participants This survey study used 18 waves of a nonprobability internet survey conducted in the United States between May 2020 and April 2022. Participants included respondents who were 18 years and older and lived in 1 of the 50 US states or Washington DC. Main Outcome and Measure Depressive symptoms measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); county-level community mobility estimates from mobile apps; COVID-19 policies at the US state level from the Oxford stringency index. Results The 192 271 survey respondents had a mean (SD) of age 43.1 (16.5) years, and 768 (0.4%) were American Indian or Alaska Native individuals, 11 448 (6.0%) were Asian individuals, 20 277 (10.5%) were Black individuals, 15 036 (7.8%) were Hispanic individuals, 1975 (1.0%) were Pacific Islander individuals, 138 702 (72.1%) were White individuals, and 4065 (2.1%) were individuals of another race. Additionally, 126 381 respondents (65.7%) identified as female and 65 890 (34.3%) as male. Mean (SD) depression severity by PHQ-9 was 7.2 (6.8). In a mixed-effects linear regression model, the mean county-level proportion of individuals not leaving home was associated with a greater level of depression symptoms (β, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.57-3.58) after adjustment for individual sociodemographic features. Results were similar after the inclusion in regression models of local COVID-19 activity, weather, and county-level economic features, and persisted after widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccination. They were attenuated by the inclusion of state-level pandemic restrictions. Two restrictions, mandatory mask-wearing in public (β, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.15-0.30) and policies cancelling public events (β, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.22-0.51), demonstrated modest independent associations with depressive symptom severity. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, depressive symptoms were greater in locales and times with diminished community mobility. Strategies to understand the potential public health consequences of pandemic responses are needed.
Neurosurgical application of pineal region tumor resection with 3D 4K exoscopy via infratentorial approach: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wei Hua, Xin Zhang, Qijun Wang, Tianming Qiu, Zixiao Yang, Xiaowen Wang, Hao Xu, Jinsen Zhang, Guo Yu, Minjie Fu, Liang Chen, Wei Zhu, Ying Mao
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: The pineal region tumors are challenging for neurosurgeons and can lead to secondary hydrocephalus. The advent of the exoscope has provided clinical interventions with high image quality and an ergonomic system for pineal region tumor operations. In this study, we describe the exoscopic approach used to facilitate the surgical resection of pineal region tumors and relieve hydrocephalus. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we consecutively reviewed clinical and radiological data of 25 patients with pineal region lesions who underwent three-dimensional exoscopic tumor resection at a single center. Results: The patient cohort consisted of 16 males and 9 females, with an average age of 34.6 years (range, 6-62 years; 8 cases aged ≤18). Pathological examination confirmed eight pineal gland tumors, four gliomas, nine germ cell neoplasms, two ependymomas, and two metastatic tumors. Preoperative hydrocephalus was present in 23 patients. Prior to tumor resection, external ventricular drainage (EVD) with Ommaya reservoir implantation was performed in 17 patients. Two patients received preoperative endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), and five patients received a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt, including one who received both procedures. Gross total resection was achieved in 19 patients (76%) in the “head-up” park bench position using the exoscope. Eight patients (31.6%) with third ventricle invasion received subtotal resection, mainly in glioma cases, which was higher than those without invasion (0%), but not statistically significant ( P =0.278, Fisher’s exact test). No new neurological dysfunction was observed after surgery. Two patients (8%) developed intracranial and pulmonary infections, and two patients (8%) suffered from pneumothorax. Hydrocephalus was significantly relieved in all patients postoperatively, and four patients with relapse hydrocephalus were cured during the long-term follow-up. Postoperative adjuvant management was recommended for indicated patients, and a mean follow-up of 24.8±14.3 months showed a satisfied outcome. Conclusion: The exoscope is a useful tool for pineal region tumor resection and hydrocephalus relief, particularly with posterior third ventricle invasion, as total resection could be achieved without obvious complication. The special superiority of exoscope for indicated pineal region tumors should be highlighted.
Antidepressant Use and Risk of Manic Episodes in Children and Adolescents With Unipolar Depression
Authors: Suvi Virtanen, Tyra Lagerberg, Christine Takami Lageborn, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Isabell Brikell, Anthony A. Matthews, Paul Lichtenstein, Brian M. D’Onofrio, Mikael Landén, Zheng Chang
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2023)

Antidepressants are increasingly prescribed to pediatric patients with unipolar depression, but little is known about the risk of treatment-emergent mania. Previous research suggests pediatric patients may be particularly vulnerable to this adverse outcome.
Hypoallergenic chimeric virus‐like particles for the development of shrimp tropomyosin allergen Pen m 1‐specific blocking antibodies
Authors: Supapich Chanasit, Elecia Johnston, Chanatip Thanasarnthungcharoen, Sandip D. Kamath, Barbara Bohle, Andreas L. Lopata, Alain Jacquet
Journal: Allergy (2023)

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Data S1. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Reporting of Observational Studies Explicitly Aiming to Emulate Randomized Trials
Authors: Harrison J. Hansford, Aidan G. Cashin, Matthew D. Jones, Sonja A. Swanson, Nazrul Islam, Susan R. G. Douglas, Rodrigo R. N. Rizzo, Jack J. Devonshire, Sam A. Williams, Issa J. Dahabreh, Barbra A. Dickerman, Matthias Egger, Xabier Garcia-Albeniz, Robert M. Golub, Sara Lodi, Margarita Moreno-Betancur, Sallie-Anne Pearson, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Jonathan A. C. Sterne, Melissa K. Sharp, Elizabeth A. Stuart, Miguel A. Hernán, Hopin Lee, James H. McAuley
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Observational (nonexperimental) studies that aim to emulate a randomized trial (ie, the target trial) are increasingly informing medical and policy decision-making, but it is unclear how these studies are reported in the literature. Consistent reporting is essential for quality appraisal, evidence synthesis, and translation of evidence to policy and practice. Objective To assess the reporting of observational studies that explicitly aimed to emulate a target trial. Evidence Review We searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science for observational studies published between March 2012 and October 2022 that explicitly aimed to emulate a target trial of a health or medical intervention. Two reviewers double-screened and -extracted data on study characteristics, key predefined components of the target trial protocol and its emulation (eligibility criteria, treatment strategies, treatment assignment, outcome[s], follow-up, causal contrast[s], and analysis plan), and other items related to the target trial emulation. Findings A total of 200 studies that explicitly aimed to emulate a target trial were included. These studies included 26 subfields of medicine, and 168 (84%) were published from January 2020 to October 2022. The aim to emulate a target trial was explicit in 70 study titles (35%). Forty-three studies (22%) reported use of a published reporting guideline (eg, Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology). Eighty-five studies (43%) did not describe all key items of how the target trial was emulated and 113 (57%) did not describe the protocol of the target trial and its emulation. Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review of 200 studies that explicitly aimed to emulate a target trial, reporting of how the target trial was emulated was inconsistent. A reporting guideline for studies explicitly aiming to emulate a target trial may improve the reporting of the target trial protocols and other aspects of these emulation attempts.
Air Pollution Tied With Increased Chance of Breast Cancer
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Efficacy of biomaterials for lateral bone augmentation performed with guided bone regeneration. A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Elena Calciolari, Stefano Corbella, Nikolaos Gkranias, Marco Viganó, Anton Sculean, Nikolaos Donos
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2023)

Abstract Bone regeneration is often required concomitant with implant placement to treat a bone fenestration, a dehiscence, and for contouring. This systematic review assessed the impact of different biomaterials employed for guided bone regeneration (GBR) simultaneous to implant placement on the stability of radiographic peri‐implant bone levels at ≥12 months of follow‐up (focused question 1), as well as on bone defect dimension (width/height) changes at re‐assessment after ≥4 months (focused question 2). Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) that compared different biomaterials for GBR were considered. A Bayesian network meta‐analysis (NMA) was performed using a random‐effects model. A ranking probability between treatments was obtained, as well as an estimation of the surface under the cumulative ranking value (SUCRA). Overall, whenever the biological principle of GBR was followed, regeneration occurred in a predictable way, irrespective of the type of biomaterial used. A lower efficacy of GBR treatments was suggested for initially large defects, despite the trend did not reach statistical significance. Regardless of the biomaterial employed, a certain resorption of the augmented bone was observed overtime. While GBR was shown to be a safe and predictable treatment, several complications (including exposure, infection, and soft tissue dehiscence) were reported, which tend to be higher when using cross‐linked collagen membranes.