tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Socioeconomic Position With Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Survival After Lung Transplant
Authors: Carli J. Lehr, Maryam Valapour, Paul R. Gunsalus, Warren T. McKinney, Kristen A. Berg, Johnie Rose, Jarrod E. Dalton
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance A recent National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine study found that transplant outcomes varied greatly based on multiple factors, including race, ethnicity, and geographic location. They proposed a number of recommendations including studying opportunities to improve equity in organ allocation. Objective To evaluate the role of donor and recipient socioeconomic position and region as a mediator of observed racial and ethnic differences in posttransplant survival. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included lung transplant donors and recipients with race and ethnicity information and a zip code tabulation area–defined area deprivation index (ADI) from September 1, 2011, to September 1, 2021, whose data were in the US transplant registry. Data were analyzed from June to December 2022. Exposures Race, neighborhood disadvantage, and region of donors and recipients. Main Outcomes and Measures Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression were used to study the association of donor and recipient race with ADI on posttransplant survival. Kaplan-Meier method estimation was performed by donor and recipient ADI. Generalized linear models by race were fit, and mediation analysis was performed. Bayesian conditional autoregressive Poisson rate models (1, state-level spatial random effects; 2, model 1 with fixed effects for race and ethnicity, 3; model 2 excluding region; and 4: model 1 with fixed effects for US region) were used to characterize variation in posttransplant mortality and compared using ratios of mortality rates to the national average. Results Overall, 19 504 lung transplant donors (median [IQR] age, 33 [23-46] years; 3117 [16.0%] Hispanic individuals, 3667 [18.8%] non-Hispanic Black individuals, and 11 935 [61.2%] non-Hispanic White individuals) and recipients (median [IQR] age, 60 [51-66] years; 1716 [8.8%] Hispanic individuals, 1861 [9.5%] non-Hispanic Black individuals, and 15 375 [78.8%] non-Hispanic White individuals) were included. ADI did not mediate the difference in posttransplant survival between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White recipients; it mediated only 4.1% of the survival difference between non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic recipients. Spatial analysis revealed the increased risk of posttransplant death among non-Hispanic Black recipients may be associated with region of residence. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of lung transplant donors and recipients, socioeconomic position and region of residence did not explain most of the difference in posttransplant outcomes among racial and ethnic groups, which may be due to the highly selected nature of the pretransplant population. Further research should evaluate other potentially mediating effects contributing to inequity in posttransplant survival.
How Do We Credit the Evidence Generated From Subgroup Analyses in Randomized Clinical Trials?
Authors: Yinchu Cheng, Na He, Yingying Yan
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Effect of Brief Interpersonal Therapy on Depression During Pregnancy
Authors: Benjamin L. Hankin, Catherine H. Demers, Ella-Marie P. Hennessey, Sarah E. D. Perzow, Mary C. Curran, Robert J. Gallop, M. Camille Hoffman, Elysia Poggi Davis
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2023)

Importance Prenatal depression is prevalent with negative consequences for both the mother and developing fetus. Brief, effective, and safe interventions to reduce depression during pregnancy are needed. Objective To evaluate depression improvement (symptoms and diagnosis) among pregnant individuals from diverse backgrounds randomized to brief interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) vs enhanced usual care (EUC). Design, Setting, and Participants A prospective, evaluator-blinded, randomized clinical trial, the Care Project, was conducted among adult pregnant individuals who reported elevated symptoms during routine obstetric care depression screening in general practice in obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) clinics. Participants were recruited between July 2017 and August 2021. Repeated measures follow-up occurred across pregnancy from baseline (mean [SD], 16.7 [4.2] gestational weeks) through term. Pregnant participants were randomized to IPT or EUC and included in intent-to-treat analyses. Interventions Treatment comprised an engagement session and 8 active sessions of brief IPT (MOMCare) during pregnancy. EUC included engagement and maternity support services. Main Outcomes and Measures Two depression symptom scales, the 20-item Symptom Checklist and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, were assessed at baseline and repeatedly across pregnancy. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 ascertained major depressive disorder (MDD) at baseline and the end of gestation. Results Of 234 participants, 115 were allocated to IPT (mean [SD] age, 29.7 [5.9] years; 57 [49.6%] enrolled in Medicaid; 42 [36.5%] had current MDD; 106 [92.2%] received intervention) and 119 to EUC (mean [SD] age, 30.1 [5.9] years; 62 [52.1%] enrolled in Medicaid; 44 [37%] had MDD). The 20-item Symptom Checklist scores improved from baseline over gestation for IPT but not EUC ( d = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.22-0.91; mean [SD] change for IPT vs EUC: 26.7 [1.14] to 13.6 [1.40] vs 27.1 [1.12] to 23.5 [1.34]). IPT participants more rapidly improved on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale compared with EUC ( d = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.06-0.74; mean [SD] change for IPT vs EUC: 11.4 [0.38] to 5.4 [0.57] vs 11.5 [0.37] to 7.6 [0.55]). MDD rate by end of gestation had decreased significantly for IPT participants (7 [6.1%]) vs EUC (31 [26.1%]) (odds ratio, 4.99; 95% CI, 2.08-11.97). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, brief IPT significantly reduced prenatal depression symptoms and MDD compared with EUC among pregnant individuals from diverse racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds recruited from primary OB/GYN clinics. As a safe, effective intervention to relieve depression during pregnancy, brief IPT may positively affect mothers’ mental health and the developing fetus. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03011801
<i>US News &amp; World Report</i> Hospital Ratings on Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Ashwin Ramaswamy, Tenny R. Zhang, Jim C. Hu
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

This Viewpoint analyzes Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare linked data from 2010 to 2019 using a previously established method to examine contemporary radical prostatectomy outcomes.
BCMAxCD3 Bispecific Yields Robust Responses in Myeloma
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2023)

In emerging data from a phase I/II trial, patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma responded well to REGN5459, an investigational BCMA-targeting bispecific T-cell engager. However, despite the drug's low affinity for CD3 on T cells, this design did not mitigate the risk of cytokine release syndrome, a common toxicity.
Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast Following Postmastectomy Implant Reconstruction in Women With Breast Cancer and Carcinoma in Situ
Authors: Connor J. Kinslow, James B. Yu, David M. DeStephano, Lisa A. Kachnic, Simon K. Cheng, Alfred I. Neugut, David P. Horowitz
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

This cohort study uses national surveillance data to describe the incidence and risk of squamous cell carcinoma after postmastectomy implant reconstruction in women with breast cancer.
Reasons for Surgical Trainee Burnout in the United Kingdom—Reply
Authors: Tessa J. J. Lamberton, Sharmila Dissanaike, Christian de Virgilio
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollution and Pre-Labor Rupture of Membranes in a Prospective Cohort Study: The Role of Maternal Hemoglobin and Iron Supplementation
Authors: Lin Wu, Wan-jun Yin, Li-jun Yu, Yu-hong Wang, Xiao-min Jiang, Ying Zhang, Fang-biao Tao, Rui-xue Tao, Peng Zhu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2023)

Background: Exposure to air pollution in prenatal period is associated with prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM). However, the sensitive exposure time windows and the possible biological mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Objective: We aimed to identify the sensitive time windows of exposure to air pollution for PROM risk. Further, we examined whether maternal hemoglobin levels mediate the association between exposure to air pollution and PROM, as well as investigated the potential effect of iron supplementation on this association. Method: From 2015 to 2021, 6,824 mother–newborn pairs were enrolled in the study from three hospitals in Hefei, China. We obtained air pollutant data [particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5), PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤10μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO)] from the Hefei City Ecology and Environment Bureau. Information on maternal hemoglobin levels, gestational anemia, iron supplementation, and PROM was obtained from medical records. Logistic regression models with distributed lags were used to identify the sensitive time window for the effect of prenatal exposure to air pollutant on PROM. Mediation analysis estimated the mediated effect of maternal hemoglobin in the third trimester, linking prenatal air pollution with PROM. Stratified analysis was used to investigate the potential effect of iron supplementation on PROM risk. Results: We found significant association between prenatal exposure to air pollution and increased PROM risk after adjusting for confounders, and the critical exposure windows of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and CO were the 21th to 24th weeks of pregnancy. Every 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10, 5-μg/m3 increase in SO2, and 0.1-mg/m3 increase in CO was associated with low maternal hemoglobin levels [−0.94g/L (95% confidence interval (CI): −1.15, −0.73), −1.31g/L (95% CI: −1.55, −1.07), −2.96g/L (95% CI: −3.32, −2.61), and −1.11g/L (95% CI: −1.31, −0.92), respectively] in the third trimester. The proportion of the association between air pollution and PROM risk mediated by hemoglobin levels was 20.61% [average mediation effect (95% CI): 0.02 (0.01, 0.05); average direct effect (95%): 0.08 (0.02, 0.14)]. The PROM risk associated with exposure to low-medium air pollution could be attenuated by maternal iron supplementation in women with gestational anemia. Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to air pollution, especially in the 21st to 24th weeks of pregnancy, is associated with PROM risk, which is partly mediated by maternal hemoglobin levels. Iron supplementation in anemia pregnancies may have protective effects against PROM risk associated with exposure to low–medium air pollution. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11134
Cognitive Function in People With Familial Risk of Depression
Authors: Breda Cullen, Marc J. Gameroff, Joey Ward, Mark E. S. Bailey, Donald M. Lyall, Laura M. Lyall, Niamh MacSweeney, Eleanor Murphy, Natasha Sangha, Xueyi Shen, Rona J. Strawbridge, Milenna T. van Dijk, Xingxing Zhu, Daniel J. Smith, Ardesheer Talati, Heather C. Whalley, Jonathan Cavanagh, Myrna M. Weissman
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2023)

Cognitive impairment in depression is poorly understood. Family history of depression is a potentially useful risk marker for cognitive impairment, facilitating early identification and targeted intervention in those at highest risk, even if they do not themselves have depression. Several research cohorts have emerged recently that enable findings to be compared according to varying depths of family history phenotyping, in some cases also with genetic data, across the life span.
BCA101 Is a Tumor-Targeted Bifunctional Fusion Antibody That Simultaneously Inhibits EGFR and TGFβ Signaling to Durably Suppress Tumor Growth
Authors: Srinivas Reddy Boreddy, Reshmi Nair, Prashant Kumar Pandey, Anshu Kuriakose, Shivakumar Bhadravathi Marigowda, Chaitali Dey, Arindam Banerjee, Hanumant Kulkarni, Milind Sagar, Shiv Ram Krishn, Shruthi Rao, Madhukara AR, Vinita Tiwari, Bhavna Alke, Prashantha Kumar MV, Meena Shri, Chaitrali Dhamne, Sonal Patel, Pinky Sharma, Sankar Periyasamy, Jaya Bhatnagar, Moni Abraham Kuriakose, Ram Bhupal Reddy, Amritha Suresh, Suma Sreenivas, Nagaraja Govindappa, Praveen Reddy Moole, Usha Bughani, Seng-Lai Tan, Pradip Nair
Journal: Cancer Research (2023)

The EGFR and TGFβ signaling pathways are important mediators of tumorigenesis, and cross-talk between them contributes to cancer progression and drug resistance. Therapies capable of simultaneously targeting EGFR and TGFβ could help improve patient outcomes across various cancer types. Here, we developed BCA101, an anti-EGFR IgG1 mAb linked to an extracellular domain of human TGFβRII. The TGFβ "trap" fused to the light chain in BCA101 did not sterically interfere with its ability to bind EGFR, inhibit cell proliferation, or mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Functional neutralization of TGFβ by BCA101 was demonstrated by several in vitro assays. BCA101 increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and key markers associated with T-cell and natural killer-cell activation, while suppressing VEGF secretion. In addition, BCA101 inhibited differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells to inducible regulatory T cells (iTreg) more strongly than the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab. BCA101 localized to tumor tissues in xenograft mouse models with comparable kinetics to cetuximab, both having better tumor tissue retention over TGFβ "trap." TGFβ in tumors was neutralized by approximately 90% in animals dosed with 10 mg/kg of BCA101 compared with 54% in animals dosed with equimolar TGFβRII-Fc. In patient-derived xenograft mouse models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, BCA101 showed durable response after dose cessation. The combination of BCA101 and anti-PD1 antibody improved tumor inhibition in both B16-hEGFR-expressing syngeneic mouse models and in humanized HuNOG-EXL mice bearing human PC-3 xenografts. Together, these results support the clinical development of BCA101 as a monotherapy and in combination with immune checkpoint therapy.The bifunctional mAb fusion design of BCA101 targets it to the tumor microenvironment where it inhibits EGFR and neutralizes TGFβ to induce immune activation and to suppress tumor growth.
Error in Figure 1
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

In the Original Research titled "Association of Daily Step Patterns With Mortality in US Adults," 1 published March 28, 2023, in Figure 1, the panel labels and y-axis labels for panels B and C were reversed; panel B represents model 2 all-cause mortality, and panel C represents model 1 CVD mortality.This article has been corrected.
Cancer mortality rates by racial and ethnic groups in the United States, 2018-2020
Authors: Anika T Haque, Amy Berrington de González, Yingxi Chen, Emily A Haozous, Maki Inoue-Choi, Wayne R Lawrence, Jennifer K McGee-Avila, Anna M Nápoles, Eliseo J Pérez-Stable, Kekoa Taparra, Jacqueline B Vo, Neal D Freedman, Meredith S Shiels
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2023)

Abstract Background Starting in 2018, national death certificates included a new racial classification system that accounts for multiple-race decedents and separates Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) individuals from Asian individuals. We estimated cancer death rates across updated racial and ethnic categories, sex, and age. Methods Age-standardized US cancer mortality rates and rate ratios from 2018 to 2020 among individuals aged 20 years and older were estimated with national death certificate data by race and ethnicity, sex, age, and cancer site. Results In 2018, there were approximately 597 000 cancer deaths, 598 000 in 2019, and 601 000 in 2020. Among men, cancer death rates were highest in Black men (298.2 per 100 000; n = 105 632), followed by White (250.8; n = 736 319), American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN; 249.2; n = 3376), NHPI (205.6; n = 1080), Latino (177.2; n = 66 167), and Asian (147.9; n = 26 591) men. Among women, Black women had the highest cancer death rates (206.5 per 100 000; n = 104 437), followed by NHPI (192.1; n = 1141), AI/AN (189.9; n = 3239), White (183.0; n = 646 865), Latina (128.4; n = 61 579), and Asian (111.4; n = 26 396) women. The highest death rates by age group occurred among NHPI individuals aged 20-49 years and Black individuals aged 50-69 and 70 years and older. Asian individuals had the lowest cancer death rates across age groups. Compared with Asian individuals, total cancer death rates were 39% higher in NHPI men and 73% higher in NHPI women. Conclusions There were striking racial and ethnic disparities in cancer death rates during 2018-2020. Separating NHPI and Asian individuals revealed large differences in cancer mortality between 2 groups that were previously combined in vital statistics data.
The Nature of Prefrontal Cortical GABA Neuron Alterations in Schizophrenia: Markedly Lower Somatostatin and Parvalbumin Gene Expression Without Missing Neurons
Authors: Samuel J. Dienel, Kenneth N. Fish, David A. Lewis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2023)

Objective: In schizophrenia, somatostatin (SST) and parvalbumin (PV) mRNA levels are lower in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), but it remains unclear whether these findings reflect lower transcript levels per neuron, fewer neurons, or both. Distinguishing among these alternatives has implications for understanding the pathogenesis of, and developing new treatments for, DLPFC dysfunction in schizophrenia. Methods: To identify SST and PV neurons in postmortem human DLPFC, the authors used fluorescent in situ hybridization to label cells expressing two transcripts not altered in schizophrenia: vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT; a marker of all GABA neurons) and SOX6 (a marker of only SST and PV neurons). In cortical layers 2 and 4, where SST and PV neurons, respectively, are differentially enriched, levels of SST and PV mRNA per neuron and the relative densities of SST-, PV-, and VGAT/SOX6–positive neurons were quantified. Results: In individuals with schizophrenia, mRNA levels per positive neuron were markedly and significantly lower for SST in both layers (effect sizes >1.48) and for PV only in layer 4 (effect size=1.14) relative to matched unaffected individuals. In contrast, the relative densities of all SST-, PV-, or VGAT/SOX6–positive neurons were unaltered in schizophrenia. Conclusions: Novel multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization techniques permit definitive distinction between cellular levels of transcripts and the presence of neurons expressing those transcripts. In schizophrenia, pronounced SST and PV mRNA deficits are attributable to lower levels of each transcript per neuron, not fewer neurons, arguing against death or abnormal migration of these neurons. Instead, these neurons appear to be functionally altered and thus amenable to therapeutic interventions.
Trust and Time Matter When Treating Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia
Authors: Brianna Krafcik, Philip P. Goodney
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
IgE glycosylation is essential for the function of omalizumab
Authors: Kevin Plattner, Gilles Augusto, Lukas Muerner, Stephan von Gunten, Lukas Jörg, Paul Engeroff, Martin F. Bachmann, Monique Vogel
Journal: Allergy (2023)

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