tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a laboratory system intended for use in physicians' offices. II. Reliability of results produced by health care workers without formal or professional laboratory training
Authors: R. Belsey
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The Kodak DT-60 tabletop chemistry analyzer was evaluated with standardized protocols to determine the system's precision and accuracy when operated by four volunteers (a secretary, a licensed practical nurse, and two family medicine residents) in a simulated office laboratory. The variability of the results was found to be significantly greater than the variability of results produced by medical technologists who analyzed the same samples during the same study period with another DT-60 placed in the hospital laboratory. The source(s) of increased variance needs to be identified so the system can be modified or new control procedures can be developed to ensure the reliability of results used in patient care. Prospective purchasers, manufacturers, and patients need this kind of objective information about the reliability of results produced by systems intended for use in physicians' office laboratories. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:357-361)
Commentaire de travail de R. Kiesslich et al., pp. 767
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

See also: MedJet – a new CO2-based disposable cleaning device allows safe and effective bowel cleansing during colonoscopy: a pilot studyEndoscopy 2012; 44(08): 767-771DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291703
Massachusetts Department of Public Health
Authors: James A. McComb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

DISTRIBUTION OF FLUID TETANUS TOXOIDDistribution figures from the Division of Biologic Laboratories show that during 1950 enough fluid tetanus toxoid was distributed to give 14,000 people complete primary immunizations. Since distribution first began, in July, 1949, over 18,000 such immunizations have gone into distribution. It is gratifying to see the increasingly wide usage of tetanus toxoid. These figures do not include the tetanus toxoid present in other biologic products that are used in the preschool and school age groups in the State, nor do they include commercial material used. It is presumed that the majority of immunizations using fluid . . .
Continuing Medical Education
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Parenting intervention in Sure Start services for children at risk of developing conduct disorder: pragmatic randomised controlled trial
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a parenting programme as a preventive intervention with parents of preschool children considered to be at risk of developing conduct disorder.Design Pragmatic randomised controlled trial using a block design with allocation by area.Setting Eleven Sure Start areas in north and mid-Wales.Participants 153 parents from socially disadvantaged areas, with children aged 36-59 months at risk of conduct disorder defined by scoring over the clinical cut off on the Eyberg child behaviour inventory.Participants were randomised on a 2:1 basis, 104 to intervention and 49 to remaining on the wait listing (control).Twenty (13%) were lost to follow-up six months later, 18 from the intervention group.Intervention The Webster-Stratton Incredible Years basic parenting programme, a 12 week group based intervention.Main outcome measures Problem behaviour in children and parenting skills assessed by self reports from parents and by direct observation in the home.Parents' self reported parenting competence, stress, and depression.Standardised and well validated instruments were used throughout.Results At follow-up, most of the measures of parenting and problem behaviour in children showed significant improvement in the intervention group.The intention to treat analysis for the primary outcome measure, the Eyberg child behaviour inventory, showed a mean difference between groups of 4.4 points (95% confidence interval 2.0 to 6.9, P<0.001) on the problem scale with an effect size of 0.63, and a mean difference of 25.1 (14.9 to 35.2, P<0.001) on the intensity scale with an effect size of 0.89.Conclusion This community based study showed the effectiveness of an evidence based parenting intervention delivered with fidelity by regular Sure Start staff.It has influenced policy within Wales and provides lessons for England where, to date, Sure Start programmes have not been effective.
Antithyroid Drugs
Authors: David S. Cooper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

THE modern era of antithyroid-drug therapy began in 1941 with the chance observations of two groups working independently in Baltimore, Maryland. J. B. MacKenzie and colleagues, studying the antibiotic effects of sulfaguanidine on the intestinal flora of rats, noted thyroid hyperplasia in all animals exposed to this drug.1 At the same time, Richter and Clisby, studying taste preferences, observed goiters in rats fed the very bitter compound phenylthiocarbamide.2 MacKenzie3 and Astwood4 and their colleagues simultaneously reported that the goitrogenic activity of these compounds was due to the inhibition of thyroid hormone biosynthesis, and that the active principle in both drugs . . .
Human Rabies Despite Treatment With Rabies Immune Globulin and Human Diploid Cell Rabies Vaccine—Thailand
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Improving the outcomes of coronary artery bypass surgery in New York State
Authors: E. L. Hannan
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess changes in outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in New York since 1989, when the State Department of Health began collecting, analyzing, and disseminating information regarding risk factors, mortality, and complications of CABG surgery. These new data stimulated specific quality improvement activities at hospitals throughout the state. <h3>Design.</h3> —A clinical database was used to identify significant independent risk factors and to assess risk-adjusted provider mortality rates. <h3>Setting.</h3> —All 30 hospitals performing CABG surgery in New York during the period 1989 through 1992. <h3>Patients.</h3> —All 57 187 patients undergoing isolated CABG surgery who were discharged from New York State hospitals in 1989 through 1992. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Actual, expected (from a logistic regression model), and risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality. <h3>Results.</h3> —Actual mortality decreased from 3.52% in 1989 to 2.78% in 1992. Because average patient severity of illness increased, risk-adjusted mortality decreased even more—a decrease of 41% from 4.17% in 1989 to 2.45% in 1992. The risk-adjustment model performed well; there were no clinically or statistically significant differences between actual and predicted numbers of deaths at any of 10 levels of patient severity. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —We believe that this quality improvement program, based on the collection and dissemination of risk-adjusted mortality data for CABG surgery, played a significant role in the observed decline in the death rate from this procedure. Quality improvement programs based on similar principles for other procedures and conditions should be undertaken. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:761-766)
Nongonococcal urethritis associated with human strains of "T" mycoplasmas
Authors: M. C. Shepard
Journal: JAMA (1970)

T-strain ("T") mycoplasmas are associated with 60% to 93% of the cases of nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) in male patients, whereas their natural occurrence in the genitourinary tract of normal male controls of similar age, occupation, and sexual activity generally ranges from 21% to 26%. A urease color test medium was developed for detection and identification of "T" mycoplasmas in clinical exudates and urine specimens which had a specificity of 98.1% among 686 clinical specimens tested. T-strain<i>Mycoplasma</i>-associated NGU responds satisfactorily to treatment with either tetracyclines or erythromycin. The close association of "T" mycoplasmas with NGU, their intimate association with the clinical course of the disease, their response to treatment of NGU, and their reappearance following reinfection from consort or wife, suggest that "T" mycoplasmas play an important role in the etiology of the disease.
Essays on Historical Medicine
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MONILIA PSILOSIS AND SPRUE
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Was neurasthenia a 'legitimate morbid entity'?
Authors: R. L. Martensen
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chemical Toxicity of the Granulocyte
Authors: John C. Marsh
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

The effect of chemicals, including pharmacologic agents, on blood granulocytes, may be considered in terms of the effects on the function of mature cells as well as on their number. In turn, the number of cells can be influenced by chemicals which affect production, destruction or distribution within the blood. Neutrophil functions which can be inhibited by chemical agents include chemotaxis, phagocytosis, degranulation, the metabolic burst related to membrane perturbation and intracellular killing. Some drugs can influence multiple neutrophil functions. Neutrophil production may be inhibited by toxic chemicals with a predictable effect, such as cancer chemotherapeutic drugs, where the effects are dose related, or the process may be influenced in an unpredictable (idiosyncratic) fashion, occurring only in a small proportion of patients exposed. Ineffective granulopoiesis with intramedullary death may be seen as a result of exposure to some drugs, as may increased neutrophil destruction, sometimes via an immunologic mechanism. Predictable neutrophil production inhibition by anticancer agents depends on dose, schedule, route of administration, metabolic integrity of organ systems such as liver and kidney, and the proliferative state of the marrow. For a given drug, factors which determine neutrophil toxicity include its mechanism of action, cytotoxic concentration, pharmacokinetics, metabolic and excretory pathway and target cells in the marrow. The use of assays for clonogenic hematopoietic precursor cells is allowing correlation with more traditional toxicologic methods and may be helpful in predicting specific hematologic toxicity in man, prior to actual clinical trials. The agar diffusion chamber assay for neutrophil-macrophage committed colony-forming cells is particularly useful since it allows in vivo exposure of the target cells to the agents being studied.
Gold-Mining Activities and Mercury Contamination of Native Amerindian Communities in French Guiana: Key Role of Fish in Dietary Uptake
Authors: N. Frery, R. Maury-Brachet, E. Maillot, M. Deheeger, B. de Merona, Alain Boudou
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

In 1994, the French National Public Health Network reported significant mercury exposure of native Amerindians in French Guiana. In 1997, a study was conducted in the Wayana community to quantify the dietary intake and to identify the fish species contributing the most to the contamination. The study was completed by an impregnation analysis based on Hg determination in hair samples. The methodology used was a detailed familial dietary study associated with Hg measurements in fish and some game. The study was conducted over 7 days in two different seasons in the four most populated Wayana villages on the upper part of the Maroni River (521 people; 70% of the Wayana population in French Guiana). Analysis was based on data on consumption obtained from 165 people in a 1-14 day period (i.e., 940 persons [times] days) and involved 270 fish samples from 48 species. Total Hg and monomethylmercury (MMHg) were also determined in hair samples (235 samples for total Hg). The results confirm mercury exposure of the Wayana population related to a diet rich in fish, which are relatively highly contaminated for certain species (up to 1.62 mg/kg fresh weight or 8.1 mg/kg dry weight in skeletal muscle). Results from hair samples showed that 57% of the Amerindians had Hg levels above the World Health Organization (WHO) safety limit (10 microg/g); all those over 1 year of age had a Hg intake greater than the WHO safety limit (200 microg MMHg/week for a 60-kg male). Hg concentrations in fish muscle were closely linked to the feeding regime and position of fish in the food webs. Overall, 14.5% of the fish collected exceeded the 0.5 mg/kg (fresh weight) safety limit. Four carnivorous species accounted for no less than 72% of the metal ingested by the Wayana families, although these represented only 28% of the consumed fish biomass. In conclusion, this study revealed excessive exposure to mercury in the Wayana population in French Guiana related to the consumption of contaminated fish.
Pellagrous Encephalopathy
Authors: P. R. Graves
Journal: BMJ (1947)

the consequent increase in tachycardia, brought about by separation from familiar surroundings and perhaps frequent changes of attendants, all weigh heavily in favour of nursing the infant at home unless circumstances make this quite impossible.However exacting the task the mother should be persuaded to make the extra effort.It should be explained to her that in no disease is patient devotion to the interests of the child better rewarded in the end.Intensive parenteral vitamin or liver therapy was not employed in this series.A high vitamin intake has been advised as a measure of protection against superimposed infection rather than from a predilection for any particular theory of causation.The main principles in management are: scrupulous attention to bodily hygiene, particularly when desquamation is in process; most careful segregation from any human source of nasopharyngeal or respiratory infection, and immense patience in feeding-all food should be boiled or cooked and served as cold as possible (sometimes the only way food or fluid will be taken at all), and food should not be forced into the mouth because of the danger of injury to the buccal mucous membrane and subse- quent stomatitis.The judicious use of sedatives and the local application of such soothing and cooling preparations or physiothera- peutic measures as seem to bring the greatest relief to the patient without causing maceration of the tissues must be a matter of individual experiment and ingenuity.There is no single royal road to success in easing the intense dis- comfort which is often the most harrowing feature of the disease.Summary A review of 65 cases of pink disease is presented.The pro- gress in 62 was ascertained, 53 completely recovered, and nine were fatal.The incidence, age of onset, and duration of the disease are given.The symptoms are divided into two groups, and these, are discussed.Treatment and the prevention of secondary infections are dealt with, and the advantages of home nursing are emphasized.
THE DEGENERATE JAWS AND TEETH.
Authors: EUGENE S. TALBOT
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Crescent shaped bitubercular, tritubercular as well as all deformed teeth tend to the cone shape. The malformation of these teeth results from pre-congenital trophic change in dentine development. It consists in dwarfing and notching the cutting and grinding edges of the second set of teeth, a familiar example is the so-called Hutchinson's teeth, usually referred to a syphilitic etiology. Hutchinson's position has, however, been more strongly stated than his words justify since he admits that in at least one-tenth the cases luetic etiology could be excluded.<sup>8</sup> Lues only plays the part of a diathetic state profoundly affecting the maternal constitution at the time of dentine development. While these teeth may be due to secondary result of lues, they do not demonstrate luetic heredity. In Figure 31 are seen the teeth of an individual affected with constitutional disease and by referring to Figure 15 we shall see that the defective
PCDD/PCDF Indoor Exposure in Day-Care Centers and PCDD/PCDF Blood Concentrations of Female Employees
Authors: Sabine von Manikowsky, Helmut Sagunski, Olaf Papke, Karl-Rainer Fabig, Hermann Neus, Michael Schumann, Karen Spannhake, Wilfried Karmaus, Nadia Osius, Bernd Zier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2019)

Rivaroxaban in HF, Coronary Disease, and Sinus Rhythm 515The benefits of anticoagulation in patients with heart failure (HF) in normal sinus rhythm are unclear.In a post hoc analysis of the COMMANDER HF trial, Greenberg and coauthors examined whether low-dose rivaroxaban added to antiplatelet therapy was associated with reduced thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, sudden/ unwitnessed death, symptomatic pulmonary embolism, or symptomatic deep venous thrombosis) in 5022 patients with coronary artery disease and worsening HF in normal sinus rhythm.Over a median follow-up of 19.6 months, rivaroxaban was associated with fewer events (328 [13.1%] vs 390 [15.5%]; hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.96),with similar results when fatal events were excluded (153 [6.1%] vs 190 [7.6%]; hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.64-0.98).In an Invited Commentary, Konstam addresses the complexity of estimating net clinical benefit of nonfatal morbidity when the potential for harm also exists.
The Paradox of Technology: Learning to Share Control With the Patient
Authors: Eric Davidson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The "dehumanization" of medical care is an important issue that demands more attention. The explosion of medical technologies and managed care corporations have advanced medicine, but at an expense. The article by Dr Suchman and colleagues<sup>1</sup>reminds us that the communication a physician has with his or her patient is an important part of the medical treatment. It is a challenging task to teach somebody how to be an empathic listener. However, if clinicians recall why they chose a career in medicine, they might find that their original motivations were based on human qualities such as empathy and compassion. Oliver Sacks wrote in<i>An Anthropologist on Mars</i>,<sup>2</sup>"The study of disease, for the physician, demands the study of identity, the inner worlds that patients under the spur of illness create." In many cases, practicing medicine within the context of the inner world of the patient