tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer-related Fatigue in Lung Cancer: A Research Agenda: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement
Authors: Brett C. Bade, Saadia A. Faiz, Duc M. Ha, Miranda Tan, Margaret Barton-Burke, Andrea L. Cheville, Carmen P. Escalante, David Gozal, Catherine L. Granger, Carolyn J. Presley, Sheree M. Smith, Dawn M. Chamberlaine, Jason M. Long, Daniel J. Malone, William F. Pirl, Halley L. Robinson, Kazuhiro Yasufuku, M. Patricia Rivera
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

Background: Fatigue is the most common symptom among cancer survivors. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) may occur at any point in the cancer care continuum. Multiple factors contribute to CRF development and severity, including cancer type, treatments, presence of other symptoms, comorbidities, and medication side effects. Clinically, increasing physical activity, enhancing sleep quality, and recognizing sleep disorders are integral to managing CRF. Unfortunately, CRF is infrequently recognized, evaluated, or treated in lung cancer survivors despite more frequent and severe symptoms than in other cancers. Therefore, increased awareness and understanding of CRF are needed to improve health-related quality of life in lung cancer survivors. Objectives: 1) To identify and prioritize knowledge and research gaps and 2) to develop and prioritize research questions to evaluate mechanistic, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches to CRF among lung cancer survivors. Methods: We convened a multidisciplinary panel to review the available literature on CRF, focusing on the impacts of physical activity, rehabilitation, and sleep disturbances in lung cancer. We used a three-round modified Delphi process to prioritize research questions. Results: This statement identifies knowledge gaps in the 1) detection and diagnostic evaluation of CRF in lung cancer survivors; 2) timing, goals, and implementation of physical activity and rehabilitation; and 3) evaluation and treatment of sleep disturbances and disorders to reduce CRF. Finally, we present the panel's initial 32 research questions and seven final prioritized questions. Conclusions: This statement offers a prioritized research agenda to 1) advance clinical and research efforts and 2) increase awareness of CRF in lung cancer survivors.
Trends in Prevalence and Incidence of Alopecia Areata, Alopecia Totalis, and Alopecia Universalis Among Adults and Children in a US Employer-Sponsored Insured Population
Authors: Arash Mostaghimi, Wei Gao, Markqayne Ray, Lauren Bartolome, Travis Wang, Christopher Carley, Nicolae Done, Elyse Swallow
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2023)

Importance Alopecia areata (AA) is characterized by nonscarring hair loss of the scalp, face, and/or body. Alopecia totalis (AT) and alopecia universalis (AU) involve complete loss of the scalp and body hair, respectively. The epidemiology of AA in the US remains unclear, having previously been extrapolated from older studies that were limited to specific geographic areas or clinical settings, or from self-reported data. Objective To estimate the annual prevalence and incidence of AA and AT and/or AU (AT/AU) in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective, population-based cohort study was conducted from January 2016 to December 2019 and included enrollees in the IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters and Medicare Supplemental databases and their dependents, with plan enrollment during each study calendar year and the year prior. Exposures Prevalent cases were identified by 1 or more claims for AA or AT/AU ( International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-10-CM] codes L63.x, L63.0, L63.1) during each year of interest or the year prior. Incident cases were identified by 1 or more claims for AA or AT/AU during a specific year and no diagnosis the year prior. Main Outcomes and Measures Annual incidence and prevalence rates were calculated and stratified by age, sex, and region. National employer-sponsored insurance population estimates were obtained using population-based weights. Results Among eligible patients (2016: n = 18 368 [mean (SD) age, 40.6 (17.9) years; 12 295 women (66.9%)]; 2017: n = 14 372 [mean (SD) age, 39.6 (17.7) years; 9195 women (64.0%)]; 2018: n = 14 231 [mean (SD) age, 38.9 (17.3) years; 8998 women (63.2%)]; 2019: n = 13 455 [mean (SD) age, 39.1 (17.4) years; 8322 women (61.9%)]), AA prevalence increased from 0.199% (95% CI, 0.198%-0.200%) in 2016 to 0.222% (95% CI, 0.221%-0.223%) in 2019. Roughly 5% to 10% of prevalent and incident cases of AA were AT/AU. The prevalence of AT/AU increased from 0.012% (95% CI, 0.012%-0.013%) to 0.019% (95% CI, 0.018%-0.019%) from 2016 to 2019. Incidence of AA per 100 000 person-years ranged from 87.39 (95% CI, 86.84-87.96) in 2017 to 92.90 (95% CI, 92.35-93.45) in 2019. Incidence of AT/AU ranged from 7.09 (95% CI, 6.94-7.25) in 2017 to 8.92 (95% CI, 8.75-9.09) in 2016. Prevalence and incidence of AA and AT/AU were higher among female vs male individuals, adults vs children and adolescents, and in the Northeast vs other regions. Conclusions and Relevance The results of this cohort study suggest that these recent AA prevalence and incidence estimates could help improve current understanding of the disease burden. Further research is warranted to elucidate subpopulation differences and trends in AA in the broader US population.
Reactive oxygen species-responsive nanocarrier ameliorates murine colitis by intervening colonic innate and adaptive immune responses
Authors: Xiangji Yan, Lingzhang Meng, Xingzhe Zhang, Zhichao Deng, Bowen Gao, Yujie Zhang, Mei Yang, Yana Ma, Yuanyuan Zhang, Kangsheng Tu, Mingzhen Zhang, Qiuran Xu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2023)
Association of Lifetime Exposure to Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid (AMPA) with Liver Inflammation and Metabolic Syndrome at Young Adulthood: Findings from the CHAMACOS Study
Authors: Brenda Eskenazi, Robert B. Gunier, Stephen Rauch, Katherine Kogut, Emily R. Perito, Xenia Mendez, Charles Limbach, Nina Holland, Asa Bradman, Kim G. Harley, Paul J. Mills, Ana M. Mora
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2023)

Background: The prevalence of liver disorders and metabolic syndrome has increased among youth. Glyphosate, the most widely used herbicide worldwide, could contribute to the development of these conditions. Objective: We aimed to assess whether lifetime exposure to glyphosate and its degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), is associated with elevated liver transaminases and metabolic syndrome among young adults. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study (n=480 mother–child dyads) and a nested case–control study (n=60 cases with elevated liver transaminases and 91 controls) using data from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS). We measured glyphosate and AMPA concentrations in urine samples collected during pregnancy and at child ages 5, 14, and 18 y from cases and controls. We calculated glyphosate residue concentrations: [glyphosate + (1.5×AMPA)]. We estimated the amount of agricultural-use glyphosate applied within a 1-km radius of every residence from pregnancy to age 5 y for the full cohort using California Pesticide Use Reporting data. We assessed liver transaminases and metabolic syndrome at 18 y of age. Results: Urinary AMPA at age 5 y was associated with elevated transaminases [relative risk (RR) per 2-fold increase=1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.53] and metabolic syndrome (RR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.38, 3.11). Urinary AMPA and glyphosate residues at age 14 y were associated with metabolic syndrome [RR=1.80 (95% CI: 1.10, 2.93) and RR=1.88 (95% CI: 1.03, 3.42), respectively]. Overall, a 2-fold increase in urinary AMPA during childhood was associated with a 14% and a 55% increased risk of elevated liver transaminases and metabolic syndrome, respectively. Living near agricultural glyphosate applications during early childhood (birth to 5 y of age) was also associated with metabolic syndrome at age 18 y in the case–control group (RR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.02). Discussion: Childhood exposure to glyphosate and AMPA may increase risk of liver and cardiometabolic disorders in early adulthood, which could lead to more serious diseases later in life. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11721
Cancer Screening after the Adoption of Paid-Sick-Leave Mandates
Authors: Kevin Callison, Michael F. Pesko, Serena Phillips, Julie A. Sosa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

By the end of 2022, nearly 20 million workers in the United States have gained paid-sick-leave coverage from mandates that require employers to provide benefits to qualified workers, including paid time off for the use of preventive services. Although the lack of paid-sick-leave coverage may hinder access to preventive care, current evidence is insufficient to draw meaningful conclusions about its relationship to cancer screening.We examined the association between paid-sick-leave mandates and screening for breast and colorectal cancers by comparing changes in 12- and 24-month rates of colorectal-cancer screening and mammography between workers residing in metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) that have been affected by paid-sick-leave mandates (exposed MSAs) and workers residing in unexposed MSAs. The comparisons were conducted with the use of administrative medical-claims data for approximately 2 million private-sector employees from 2012 through 2019.Paid-sick-leave mandates were present in 61 MSAs in our sample. Screening rates were similar in the exposed and unexposed MSAs before mandate adoption. In the adjusted analysis, cancer-screening rates were higher among workers residing in exposed MSAs than among those in unexposed MSAs by 1.31 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28 to 2.34) for 12-month colorectal cancer screening, 1.56 percentage points (95% CI, 0.33 to 2.79) for 24-month colorectal cancer screening, 1.22 percentage points (95% CI, -0.20 to 2.64) for 12-month mammography, and 2.07 percentage points (95% CI, 0.15 to 3.99) for 24-month mammography.In a sample of private-sector workers in the United States, cancer-screening rates were higher among those residing in MSAs exposed to paid-sick-leave mandates than among those residing in unexposed MSAs. Our results suggest that a lack of paid-sick-leave coverage presents a barrier to cancer screening. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute.).
Functional Connectivity Mapping for rTMS Target Selection in Depression
Authors: Immanuel G. Elbau, Charles J. Lynch, Jonathan Downar, Fidel Vila-Rodriguez, Jonathan D. Power, Nili Solomonov, Zafiris J. Daskalakis, Daniel M. Blumberger, Conor Liston
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2023)

Objective: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocols increasingly use subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) functional connectivity to individualize treatment targets. However, the efficacy of this approach is unclear, with conflicting findings and varying effect sizes across studies. Here, the authors investigated the effect of the stimulation site’s functional connectivity with the sgACC (sgACC-StimFC) on treatment outcome to rTMS in 295 patients with major depression. Methods: The reliability and accuracy of estimating sgACC functional connectivity were validated with data from individuals who underwent extensive functional MRI testing. Electric field modeling was used to analyze associations between sgACC-StimFC and clinical improvement using standardized assessments and to evaluate sources of heterogeneity. Results: An imputation-based method provided reliable and accurate sgACC functional connectivity estimates. Treatment responses weakly but robustly correlated with sgACC-StimFC (r=−0.16), but only when the stimulated cortex was identified using electric field modeling. Surprisingly, this association was driven by patients with strong global signal fluctuations stemming from a specific periodic respiratory pattern (r=−0.49). Conclusions: Functional connectivity between the sgACC and the stimulated cortex was correlated with individual differences in treatment outcomes, but the association was weaker than those observed in previous studies and was accentuated in a subgroup of patients with distinct, respiration-related signal patterns in their scans. These findings indicate that in a large representative sample of patients with major depressive disorder, individual differences in sgACC-StimFC explained only ∼3% of the variance in outcomes, which may limit the utility of existing sgACC-based targeting protocols. However, these data also provide strong evidence for a true—albeit small—effect and highlight opportunities for incorporating additional functional connectivity measures to generate models of rTMS response with enhanced predictive power.
Intravenous Doxycycline, Azithromycin, or Both for Severe Scrub Typhus
Authors: George M. Varghese, Divya Dayanand, Karthik Gunasekaran, Debasree Kundu, Mukta Wyawahare, Navneet Sharma, Dhruva Chaudhry, Sanjay K. Mahajan, Kavitha Saravu, Blessed W. Aruldhas, Binu S. Mathew, Roshini G. Nair, Nalini Newbigging, Aswathy Mathew, Kundavaram P.P. Abhilash, Manisha Biswal, Ann H. Prasad, Anand Zachariah, Ramya Iyadurai, Samuel G. Hansdak, Sowmya Sathyendra, Thambu D. Sudarsanam, John A.J. Prakash, Abi Manesh, Alladi Mohan, Joel Tarning, Stuart D. Blacksell, Pimnara Peerawaranun, Naomi Waithira, Mavuto Mukaka, Phaik Yeong Cheah, John V. Peter, Ooriapadickal C. Abraham, Nicholas P.J. Day
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

The appropriate antibiotic treatment for severe scrub typhus, a neglected but widespread reemerging zoonotic infection, is unclear.
Hydrochlorothiazide and Prevention of Kidney-Stone Recurrence
Authors: Nasser A. Dhayat, Olivier Bonny, Beat Roth, Andreas Christe, Alexander Ritter, Nilufar Mohebbi, Nicolas Faller, Lisa Pellegrini, Giulia Bedino, Reto M. Venzin, Philipp Grosse, Carina Hüsler, Irene Koneth, Christian Bucher, Rosaria Del Giorno, Luca Gabutti, Michael Mayr, Urs Odermatt, Florian Buchkremer, Thomas Ernandez, Catherine Stoermann-Chopard, Daniel Teta, Bruno Vogt, Marie Roumet, Luca Tamò, Grazia M. Cereghetti, Sven Trelle, Daniel G. Fuster
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common conditions affecting the kidney and is characterized by a high risk of recurrence. Thiazide diuretic agents are widely used for prevention of the recurrence of kidney stones, but data regarding the efficacy of such agents as compared with placebo are limited. Furthermore, dose–response data are also limited.
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2023 Report: GOLD Executive Summary
Authors: Alvar Agustí, Bartolome R. Celli, Gerard J. Criner, David Halpin, Antonio Anzueto, Peter Barnes, Jean Bourbeau, MeiLan K. Han, Fernando J. Martinez, Maria Montes de Oca, Kevin Mortimer, Alberto Papi, Ian Pavord, Nicolas Roche, Sundeep Salvi, Don D. Sin, Dave Singh, Robert Stockley, M. Victorina López Varela, Jadwiga A. Wedzicha, Claus F. Vogelmeier
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)
Nicotinamide for Skin-Cancer Chemoprevention in Transplant Recipients
Authors: Nicholas C. Allen, Andrew J. Martin, Victoria A. Snaidr, Renee Eggins, Alvin H. Chong, Pablo Fernandéz-Peñas, Douglas Gin, Shireen Sidhu, Vanessa L. Paddon, Leith A. Banney, Adrian Lim, Edward Upjohn, Helmut Schaider, Aparna D. Ganhewa, Jennifer Nguyen, Catriona A. McKenzie, Saurabh Prakash, Catriona McLean, Alistair Lochhead, Jan Ibbetson, Andrew Dettrick, Anthony Landgren, Katherine J. Allnutt, Clare Allison, Rachael B. Davenport, Blake P. Mumford, Brittany Wong, Brendan Stagg, Alexander Tedman, Hannah Gribbin, Harrison A. Edwards, Nicholas De Rosa, Thomas Stewart, Brent J. Doolan, Yonatan Kok, Kate Simpson, Zhi M. Low, Tom Kovitwanichkanont, Richard A. Scolyer, Haryana M. Dhillon, Janette L. Vardy, Steven J. Chadban, David G. Bowen, Andrew C. Chen, Diona L. Damian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

Immunosuppressed organ-transplant recipients have an increased incidence of, and mortality from, skin cancer. Nicotinamide (vitamin B3) enhances the repair of ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced DNA damage, reduces the cutaneous immunosuppressive effects of UV radiation, and reduces the incidence of keratinocyte cancers (including squamous-cell and basal-cell carcinomas) and actinic keratoses among high-risk immunocompetent patients. Whether oral nicotinamide is useful for skin-cancer chemoprevention in organ-transplant recipients is unclear.In this phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, organ-transplant recipients who had had at least two keratinocyte cancers in the past 5 years to receive 500 mg of nicotinamide or placebo twice daily for 12 months. Participants were examined for skin lesions by dermatologists at 3-month intervals for 12 months. The primary end point was the number of new keratinocyte cancers during the 12-month intervention period. Secondary end points included the numbers of squamous-cell and basal-cell carcinomas during the 12-month intervention period, the number of actinic keratoses until 6 months after randomization, safety, and quality of life.A total of 158 participants were enrolled, with 79 assigned to the nicotinamide group and 79 to the placebo group. The trial was stopped early owing to poor recruitment. At 12 months, there were 207 new keratinocyte cancers in the nicotinamide group and 210 in the placebo group (rate ratio, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.8 to 1.3; P = 0.96). No significant between-group differences in squamous-cell and basal-cell carcinoma counts, actinic keratosis counts, or quality-of-life scores were observed. Adverse events and changes in blood or urine laboratory variables were similar in the two groups.In this 12-month, placebo-controlled trial, oral nicotinamide therapy did not lead to lower numbers of keratinocyte cancers or actinic keratoses in immunosuppressed solid-organ transplant recipients. (Funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council; ONTRANS Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN12617000599370.).
Dynamic Feedback Between Antidepressant Placebo Expectancies and Mood
Authors: Marta Peciña, Jiazhou Chen, Jordan F. Karp, Alexandre Y. Dombrovski
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2023)

Importance Despite high antidepressant placebo response rates, the mechanisms underlying the persistence of antidepressant placebo effects are still poorly understood. Objective To investigate the neurobehavioral mechanisms underlying the evolution of antidepressant placebo effects using a reinforcement learning (RL) framework. Design, Setting, and Participants In this acute within-patient cross-sectional study of antidepressant placebos, patients aged 18 to 55 years not receiving medication for major depressive disorder (MDD) were recruited at the University of Pittsburgh between February 21, 2017, to March 1, 2021. Interventions The antidepressant placebo functional magnetic resonance imaging task manipulates placebo-associated expectancies using visually cued fast-acting antidepressant infusions and controls their reinforcement with sham visual neurofeedback while assessing expected and experienced mood improvement. Main Outcomes and Measures The trial-by-trial evolution of expectancies and mood was examined using multilevel modeling and RL, relating model-predicted signals to spatiotemporal dynamics of blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) response. Results A bayesian RL model comparison in 60 individuals (mean [SE] age, 24.5 [0.8] years; 51 females [85%]) with MDD revealed that antidepressant placebo trial-wise expectancies were updated by composite learning signals multiplexing sensory evidence (neurofeedback) and trial-wise mood (bayesian omnibus risk &amp;amp;lt;0.001; exceedance probability = 97%). Placebo expectancy, neurofeedback manipulations, and composite learning signals modulated the visual cortex and dorsal attention network (threshold-free cluster enhancement [TFCE] = 1 − P &amp;amp;gt;.95). As participants anticipated antidepressant infusions, learned placebo expectancies modulated the salience network (SN, TFCE = 1 – P &amp;amp;gt;.95), positively scaling with depression severity. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this cross-sectional study suggest that on a timescale of minutes, antidepressant placebo effects were maintained by positive feedback loops between expectancies and mood improvement. During learning, representations of placebos and their perceived effects were enhanced in primary and secondary sensory cortices. Latent learned placebo expectancies were encoded in the SN.
Moving Forward Liquid Biopsy in Early Liver Cancer Detection
Authors: Christian Rolfo, Alessandro Russo
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2023)

Summary: Early cancer detection is an attractive and promising application for liquid biopsy that might revolutionize cancer screenings. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Foda and colleagues expand the potential utility of a machine learning fragmentome-based model, called DELFI, for detecting liver cancer in high-risk patients. See related article by Foda et al., p. 616 (5).
A Cell‐Free Silk Fibroin Biomaterial Strategy Promotes In Situ Cartilage Regeneration Via Programmed Releases of Bioactive Molecules
Authors: Zhinan Mao, Xuewei Bi, Chengai Wu, Yufeng Zheng, Xiong Shu, Sujun Wu, Juan Guan, Robert O. Ritchie
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Adv. Healthcare Mater. 2023, 12, 2201588 https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202201588 In the published version of this article, the cytoskeleton image in Figure 4A on the far right (SF-TGF-β1, E7) is a duplicate of Figure 7B in an earlier publication from the same authors (Z. N. Mao, X. W. Bi, F. Ye, X. Shu, L. Sun, J. Guan, R. O. Ritchie, S. J. Wu, ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 2020, 6(8), 4512–4522. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00752), due to a mistake by the authors when compiling the images for their figures from the same file which contained all their images of their cytoskeleton/nuclear staining tests. The new Figure 4 to replace is shown below. The authors confirm that this correction does not affect the overall results and conclusions from this work. The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused.