tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Persistent Ulceration of the Anal Margin in Homosexuals with Hiv Infection
Authors: A J G Miles, G M Connolly, S E Barton, T G Allen-Mersh, D A Hawkins, B G Gazzard, C Wastell
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1991)

A study of the outcome of surgical treatment of ulceration of the anal margin occurring in male homosexuals with HIV infection was undertaken. Ten patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and three patients with symptomatic HIV infection were referred to the Department of Surgery with painful anal ulceration which had not responded to medical treatment. The medical treatments given prior to surgical referral included high dose oral acyclovir, intravenous foscarnet and broad spectrum antibiotics. Excision biopsy was performed in 12 patients and in 11 cases was followed by healing of the ulcers within 10 weeks. One patient died 2 weeks postoperatively from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia without healing. The response to excision biopsy was unexpected but suggests that surgical excision may be beneficial for lesions which have failed to respond to aggressive medical treatment.
Intrathecal Transplantation of Human Neural Tumors to the Guinea Pig&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Charles B. Wilson, M.D., Marvin Barker, M.S.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

Tumor fragments and cell cultures of human neural tumors were transplanted to the cerebrospinal fluid of 228 guinea pigs. Transplantation was accomplished by cisternaI injection in 192 normal animals and by ventricular injection in 36 hydrocephalic animals. Among 20 original tumors only one, a medulloblastoma, was transplanted successfully. The remaining original tumors and 12 cell cultures evoked an inflammatory response and were destroyed. As a site for heterotransplantation, cerebrospinal fluid offers no advantage over the brain.
PATHOGENESIS OF IMMUNE COMPLEX GLOMERULONEPHRITIS OF NEW ZEALAND MICE
Authors: Frank J. Dixon, Michael B. A. Oldstone, Giorgio Tonietti
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

Observations based on elution of IgG from nephritic kidneys of NZ mice and absorption of the eluted IgG with selected antigens indicate that their immune complex nephritis involves at least two kinds of antigen-antibody complexes. Antibodies reactive with nuclear antigens account for nearly half of the IgG eluted from the kidneys while antibodies reactive with Gross viral antigens make up a significant but lesser amount. Superimposed chronic viral infections affect the nephritis of NZ mice in different ways. LCM and polyoma infections hasten and intensify the antinuclear antibody responses and glomerulonephritis of these mice while LDV infection appears to protect against both antinuclear antibody formation and development of nephritis.
Current and Future Directions for Hospital and Physician Reimbursement
Authors: Robert G. Petersdorf
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Profound changes are occurring in the health care system, including a surfeit of physicians, cost containment, and competition. This article addresses the effects of these changes on the academic medical center. It recommends that the faculty of the future will be of two types—clinician-teachers and researcher-teachers—and outlines the qualifications of these faculties. It recommends a proper reward system for clinician-teachers, the reintroduction of part-time faculties, and careful retrenchment in medical school class size and house staff. It calls for teaching hospitals to improve their physical plants and control costs by phasing out programs that are not cost-effective. Universities should consider divesting themselves of university-owned teaching hospitals. Most importantly, local, state, and federal governments and the public must develop a more supportive attitude toward the needs of medical education. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:2543-2548)
Do Restraints Prevent Falls?
Authors: Karl H. Shipman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 September 1992Do Restraints Prevent Falls?Karl H. Shipman, MDKarl H. Shipman, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-5-442 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:The use of restraints in nursing home patients is a highly charged emotional issue affecting the patient, nursing staff, physicians, and families; thus, any effort to improve criteria for their use is welcome. The article by Tinetti and colleagues (1), however, reminds one of an old saying, "Don't try to confuse me with facts, when I am searching for the truth." The conclusion that "mechanical restraints were associated with continued, and perhaps increased, occurrence of serious fall-related injuries" and the subtle implication that perhaps nursing home patients would do better without restraints cannot be substantiated by their...Reference1. TinettiLiuGinter MWS. Mechanical restraint use and fall-related injuries among residents of skilled nursing facilities. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:369-74. LinkGoogle Scholar1. TinettiLiuGinter MWS. Mechanical restraint use and fall-related injuries among residents of skilled nursing facilities. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:369-74. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Denver Internal Medicine Group Denver, CO 80209 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPhysical Restraints in Nursing Homes: A Review of the Literature Since the Nursing Home Reform Act of 1987 1 September 1992Volume 117, Issue 5Page: 442-443KeywordsEmotionsFallsNursing homes Issue Published: 1 September 1992 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Wheeler and Jack's Handbook of Medicine.
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Factors Specific Influencing the Binding <italic>N</italic>-2-Fluorenylacetamide to Specific Regions of Hepatic of to Genome In Vivo in Rats<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3">3</xref>
Authors: Edward L. Schwartz, W. Emmett Braselton, Jr., Jay I. Goodman
 7
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

The initial binding of N-fluorenylacetamide (2FAA) and its N-hydroxy metabolite N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide (N-OH-2-FAA) within the hepatic genome and the effect of ingestion of a 2-FAA-containing (0.05% wtlwt) diet on this binding were examined in the male noninbred Sprague-Dawley rat. Ingestion of 2-FAA for 2 weeks reduced the amount of newly bound carcinogen up to 80%. The extent of this decrease was significantly greater in rats treated with a single injection of 2FAA when compared to one of N-OH-2-FAA. The distribution of carcinogen within the genome was measured after fractionation of chromatin by DNase II digestion followed by selective MgCI2 precipitation. Two hours after a single injection of N-OH-2-FAA, the amount of carcinogen bound per milligram DNA in the presumed template-active chromatin fraction was 16 times that bound to DNA of the presumed template-repressed chromatin fraction. The amount bound to DNA in the nuclease-resistant chromatin was equal to that observed in the DNA of the presumed template-active fraction. Most (85%) of the total bound carcinogen was located on less than 25% of the total DNA. Evaluation of the amount of carcinogen bound to the N-2 or C-8 positions of guanine demonstrated a significant inverse correlation between the amount bound to a DNA fragment and the percent of that binding occurring at the N-2 position. DNA of the repressed chromatin fraction had the largest N-2/C-8 ratio when compared to the ratios seen in both the expressed chromatin and nuclease-resistant chromatin DNA. Pretreatment of rats with 2FAA when compared to one of N-OH-2-FAA. The distribution of carcinogen within the genome was measured after fractionation of 66:667-672.
Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Benjamin Raab
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Three patients had epidermolysis bullosa acquisita in association with Crohn's disease. We believe that epidermolysis bullosa acquisita should be included among the extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. This article describes the diagnostic criteria, treatment, and other systemic diseases associated with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:1746-1748)
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

The impact of pretransplantation iron overload on patient outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation is controversially discussed, because recent studies were retrospective in nature and relied on interference prone surrogate markers. Wermke and colleagues report prospective data based on liver MRI to quantify the extent of body iron in this context. In their cohort, surrogate parameters failed to accurately identify iron overloaded patients. Moreover, only liver iron as determined by MRI but not serum ferritin or transfusion burden predicted for survival. It will be important to understand the mechanisms by which excessive iron contributes to a worse outcome after transplantation.Measurement of HER family signaling is critically important in the clinical management of a significant number of breast cancer patients. Using a highly sensitive protein array, Wulfkuhle and colleagues identified a new subgroup of breast cancer patients with HER2 pathway activation in an otherwise HER2- negative cohort. These patients are not identified by current clinically approved or genomic tests for HER2, and are thus excluded from anti-HER2 therapies. Protein pathway activation mapping of receptor tyrosine kinases and linked signaling pathways may identify new patient cohorts that could benefit from existing FDA cleared and/or experimental molecular targeted inhibitors, if these measurements prove clinically useful.The novel magnetic resonance imaging method of vessel size imaging (VSI) provides in vivo images of blood volume and mean vessel radius. Using an intravascular contrast agent of the ultrasmall paramagnetic iron oxide class, Nielsen and colleagues utilized VSI for investigating the effect of the vascular disrupting agent combretastatin in a murine tumor model. Treatment with combretastatin reduced blood volume and indicated a change in the distribution of vessel sizes. VSI may be valuable in assessing tumor angiogenesis, prediction of response to vascular disrupting agents, and treatment monitoring.Adjuvant setting represents the optimal set to test the tumor vaccines because of the more conserved immune conditions of early cancer patients. In this phase II randomized trial, Filipazzi and colleagues used modified tumor peptides to immunize stage II–III melanoma patients. However, in spite of a prompt and persisting immune response, no evident clinical benefit was detected in vaccinated versus control patients. The limited number of true antitumor T cells induced by vaccination, unraveled by an extensive immunologic monitoring, shows that the choice of the immunization strategy is a critical step and that the use of modified peptides should be reconsidered.
Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Richard V. Ebert
Journal: JAMA (1969)

In a cooperative study involving 15 Veterans Administration hospitals, patients with acute myocardial infarction were divided into two groups by random selection. One group was treated with an anticoagulant, the other served as control. All of the 785 patients included in the report were followed for two years or until their death, and more than one half were followed for five years. Results indicate that anticoagulant therapy reduces the death rate significantly during the first three years after an acute myocardial infarction. However, survival rates converge after the third year, and by the fifth year there is no difference in survival of treated and untreated groups. Therapy appeared to be more effective in patients who had experienced more than one infarction. The incidence of recurrent infarction and congestive heart failure was less in the group treated with anticoagulants.
Chronic Dialysis and the Tower of Babel
Authors: Leonard B. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

FROM the earliest days of chronic dialysis (1960), the problem that would not go away was lack of beds and money. The formation of "life or death" committees who chose patients to be treated or rejected was one result. Quotas on the number of indigent patients to be treated was another. The word "indigent" had a very special meaning in dealing with treatment programs that cost up to $25,000 per year, per patient. Americans customarily deal with important issues by passing 50 sets of laws. Thus, chronic dialysis joined some strange bedfellows such as divorce, gambling, and alcohol in that it became a matter of great importance as to which state of the union you chose in which to become uremic: New York, California, and Illinois were good places to lose your kidney function. A great many nephrologists worked long and hard to achieve support for<i>all</i>who needed dialysis.
Bringing Market Medicine to Professional Account
Authors: Linda Emanuel
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Professions and trades have always differed in the social goods and goals they pursue, and for this reason medicine and business are sometimes said to be incompatible. Indeed, the potential for monetary motives to undermine medical care is so old that the earliest articulations of medical values included injunctions to care for the poor and wealthy alike and to avoid the influence of monetary gain over professional action.<sup>1,2</sup>Nonetheless, mutually dependent, medicine and business have coexisted through the ages in necessary tension. Business needs medicine in order to provide for the health care of workers and also to capitalize on the management or investment opportunities that medical activities generate. Medicine, in turn, needs at least enough business acumen to ensure a viable delivery system and to make money for the purposes of, say, education, research, or expanding its patient population. See also p 985. The dynamic between medicine and
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Notch Mutations Unlevel the Playing FieldIn field cancerization, fields of mutant cells replace normal cells, such that a field of apparently "normal" but in reality mutant cells may drive recurrence after therapy.Here, studying the development of esophageal premalignant lesions, Alcolea and colleagues show, using chemical carcinogenesis, lineage tracing, and mathematical models, that Notch mutant clones are unable to differentiate and therefore they continue to expand.Mutant clones foster the differentiation of normal surrounding cells that are outcompeted, a process enhanced by TP53 mutation.Upon completion of colonization, differentiation and proliferation are rebalanced, establishing a self-maintaining large mutant population with transformation potential.The new rebalanced state may allow modeling of second primary tumor occurrence after surgery and radiotherapy.(Image courtesy of
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection With Arthritis and a Varicella-like Eruption
Authors: Winston Sequeira
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<i>MYCOPLASMA pneumoniae</i>has been recognized as a cause of respiratory tract infections in adults and children for the past 20 years.<sup>1</sup>Since that time, sporadic reports of involvement of other organ systems have appeared in the literature. In 1975 Murray et al<sup>2</sup>reviewed the protean manifestations of this infection. A variety of skin and mucous membrane lesions, while often not of major clinical importance, may occur.<sup>3</sup>Arthritis associated with<i>M pneumoniae</i>infection, though rare, is also well documented.<sup>4-6</sup>Both monoarticular and polyarticular arthritis have been reported, and the duration has varied from a transient episode in the course of a febrile illness to a more chronic disease lasting up to 18 months.<sup>5</sup> This report describes a patient with an acute febrile disorder characterized by a varicella-like eruption, polyarthritis, and a fourfold increase in antibodies to<i>M pneumoniae</i>. There was no evidence of lower respiratory tract
Pharmacological prevention of acute mountain sickness
Authors: P. Hackett
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<b>Objective.</b> To implement the flipped teaching method in a 3-class pilot on cardiac arrhythmias and to assess the impact of the intervention on academic performance and student perceptions. <b>Design.</b> An intervention group of 101 first-year pharmacy students, who took the class with the flipped teaching method, were supplied with prerecorded lectures prior to their 3 classes (1 class in each of the following subjects: basic sciences, pharmacology, and therapeutics) on cardiac arrhythmias. Class time was focused on active-learning and case-based exercises. Students then took a final examination that included questions on cardiac arrhythmias. The examination scores of the intervention group were compared to scores of the Spring 2011 control group of 105 first-year students who took the class with traditional teaching methods. An online survey was conducted to assess student feedback from the intervention group. <b>Assessment.</b> The mean examination scores of the intervention group were significantly higher than the mean examination scores of the control group for the cardiac arrhythmia classes in pharmacology (with 89.6 ± 2.0% vs 56.8 ± 2.2%, respectively) and therapeutics (89.2 ± 1.4% vs 73.7 ± 2.1%, respectively). The survey indicated higher student satisfaction for flipped classes with highly rated learning objectives, recordings, and in-class activities. <b>Conclusion.</b> Use of the flipped teaching method in a 3-class pilot on cardiac arrhythmias improved examination scores for 2 of the 3 classes (pharmacology and therapeutics). Student satisfaction was influenced by the quality of the learning objectives, prerecorded lectures, and inclass active-learning activities.
Management of Tetanus
Authors: Ralph Spaeth
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In reference to comments on Management of Clinical Tetanus (<b>206</b>:375, 1968), certain qualifying remarks are indicated. Sole reliance on antibiotic prophylaxis of tetanus is not indicated in our present state of knowledge, according to a statement approved by the International Conference on Tetanus held in Berne, Switzerland, July 15-19, 1966 (<i>Lancet</i><b>2</b>:489, 1966). Repeated doses of antitoxin are not justified in treating clinical tetanus. The minimum dose is 20,000 units and the maximal dose is 60,-000 units for non-neonatal tetanus when heterologous products (equine or bovine) are used, whereas smaller amounts (3,000 to 6,000 units) of homologous antitoxin (tetanus immune globulin, human) have been considered adequate (Top, F. H., Sr. (ed.):<i>Communicable and Infectious Diseases</i>, ed 6, St. Louis: C. V. Mosby Co., 1968, p 620).
Partner Acceptance of Health Department Notification of HIV Exposure, South Carolina
Authors: Jeffrey L. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To determine the acceptability of health department notification of sex and needle-sharing partners of persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we administered an anonymous questionnaire to partners notified of their exposure to HIV during the previous 2 years. Of the 202 partners notified, 132 (65%) were locatable and completed the questionnaire. Only 12 (9%) thought they may have been exposed to HIV before health department notification. When the 132 partners were asked if they thought the health department did the right thing in telling them about their exposure, 87% responded "yes;" when asked if the health department should keep notifying persons exposed to HIV, 92% responded "yes." Responses were similar for homosexual-bisexual men, heterosexuals, and intravenous drug users; men and women; and whites and blacks. We conclude that health department notification is acceptable to persons exposed to HIV in this rural South Carolina district. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:1284-1286)
Effects of Albuterol (Salbutamol) on Esophageal Motility and Gastroesophageal Reflux in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Norbert E. Schindlbeck
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Orally or intravenously administered β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic drugs have been found to inhibit esophageal motor function. Since inhalation of these drugs results in less systemic side effects, the present double-blind study was designed to investigate the influence of inhalation of the β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic agonist albuterol (salbutamol) on esophageal motor function and gastroesophageal reflux in ten healthy volunteers. Esophageal motor function was recorded using a pneumohydraulically perfused multilumen manometry tube. Twenty-four—hour pH profiles were measured while the volunteers were ambulatory using a combined glass electrode connected to a portable recorder. Inhalation decreased neither lower esophageal sphincter pressure nor esophageal peristaltic amplitudes. Gastroesophageal reflux was similar on both occasions during inhalation of albuterol (3.1% [range, 1.0% to 25.5%] median upright time, with esophageal pH &lt;4; and 0.1% [range, 0.0% to 10.7%] supine time) and during placebo treatment (3.6% [range, 1.6% to 19.8%] upright and 0.0% [range, 0.0% to 2.5%] supine time). Our data support the study of inhalation of β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic drugs in asthmatic patients with accompanying gastroesophageal reflux. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:3156-3158)
Chronic Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in Infants
Authors: Thomas A. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To study the natural history of<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>infections in infants. <h3>Design.</h3> —Bacteriologic and serologic study of an inception cohort. <h3>Setting.</h3> —University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Twenty-two infants with<i>C trachomatis</i>infections either not treated early in life or recurring after antimicrobial treatment. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Persistence of infection in various anatomic sites, antibody responses to specific serovars (serologic variants) of<i>C trachomatis</i>, and serovars of isolates from mothers and infants. <h3>Results.</h3> —The cumulative proportion of infants still infected at the age of 1 year was 35%. Infection persisted in the conjunctiva, nasopharynx, and oropharynx in one child for as long as 866 days (28.5 months), when she was cured by treatment. In none of the infants did serologic tests suggest acquisition of infection other than at birth. Isolates of<i>C trachomatis</i>from mothers and their respective infants were always of the same serovar. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Many infants infected with<i>C trachomatis</i>at birth remain infected for months or years in the absence of specific antimicrobial therapy. Such infections may be confused with those acquired by sexual abuse. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:400-402)