tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric Comorbidities and Schizophrenia in Youths With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Soo Min Jeon, Dong Yun Lee, SangHun Cha, Jin-Won Kwon
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance The association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia has received increased attention; however, evidence on the association between psychiatric comorbidities and subsequent schizophrenia in patients with ADHD is limited. Objective To investigate the risk of being diagnosed with schizophrenia in children and adolescents with ADHD considering the presence of psychiatric comorbidity. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a population-based, retrospective cohort study using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment claims database from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2019. Participants were children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years who received an ADHD diagnosis between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2018, in the nationwide claims data of Korea. Data were analyzed from January 2010 to December 2019. Interventions or Exposures The presence of psychiatric comorbidity was assessed from diagnosis records within 1 year before ADHD diagnosis. Comorbidities were further categorized according to the number of comorbidities and specific comorbid disorders. Main Outcomes and Measures Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs, examining the association between psychiatric comorbidities and the risk of being diagnosed with schizophrenia. Furthermore, the occurrence of psychiatric comorbidity during the follow-up period was explored among patients without psychiatric comorbidity at baseline. Results A total of 211 705 patients with newly diagnosed ADHD were included. A total of 157 272 patients (74.3%) were male, and the age of 5 to 9 years showed the highest distribution (115 081 patients [54.4%]). Patients with psychiatric comorbidity had a significantly higher risk of being diagnosed with schizophrenia than those without (adjusted HR, 2.14; 95% CI, 2.05-2.23). The association between schizophrenia and psychiatric comorbidity became progressively greater with the increasing number of comorbidities. Several individual psychiatric disorders showed an association with development of schizophrenia, with ASD, intellectual disability, tic disorder, depression, and bipolar disorder being the top 5 disorders most associated. Furthermore, 3244 patients (73.8%) without psychiatric comorbidities experienced the emergence of other psychiatric disorders before schizophrenia occurrence. Conclusions and Relevance In this retrospective cohort study involving children and adolescents with ADHD, the presence of psychiatric comorbidity in patients with ADHD was associated with an increased risk of being diagnosed with schizophrenia, with an increased risk observed in multiple comorbidities and a wide variety of comorbidities. These findings highlight the significance of assessing and managing psychiatric comorbidities in patients with ADHD to decrease subsequent schizophrenia risk and allow for early intervention.
Errors in the Abstract
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Marla Lipsyc-Sharf, MD; Karla V. Ballman, PhD; Jordan D. Campbell, PhD; Hyman B. Muss, MD; Edith A. Perez, MD; Lawrence N. Shulman, MD; Lisa A. Carey, MD; Ann H. Partridge, MD; Erica T. Warner, ScD
Scaling up robust immunopeptidomics technologies for a global T cell surveillance digital network
Authors: Saketh Kapoor, Loïze Maréchal, Isabelle Sirois, Étienne Caron
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2023)

The human immunopeptidome plays a central role in disease susceptibility and resistance. In our opinion, the development of immunopeptidomics and other peptide sequencing technologies should be prioritized during the next decade, particularly within the framework of the Human Immunopeptidome Project initiative. In this context, we present bold ideas, fresh arguments, and call upon industrial partners and funding organizations to support and champion this important initiative that we believe has the potential to save countless lives in the future.
Peaches
Authors: Sarah Phillips
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Cardiometabolic Effects of Omnivorous vs Vegan Diets in Identical Twins
Authors: Matthew J. Landry, Catherine P. Ward, Kristen M. Cunanan, Lindsay R. Durand, Dalia Perelman, Jennifer L. Robinson, Tayler Hennings, Linda Koh, Christopher Dant, Amanda Zeitlin, Emily R. Ebel, Erica D. Sonnenburg, Justin L. Sonnenburg, Christopher D. Gardner
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Increasing evidence suggests that, compared with an omnivorous diet, a vegan diet confers potential cardiovascular benefits from improved diet quality (ie, higher consumption of vegetables, legumes, fruits, whole grains, nuts, and seeds).To compare the effects of a healthy vegan vs healthy omnivorous diet on cardiometabolic measures during an 8-week intervention.This single-center, population-based randomized clinical trial of 22 pairs of twins (N = 44) randomized participants to a vegan or omnivorous diet (1 twin per diet). Participant enrollment began March 28, 2022, and continued through May 5, 2022. The date of final follow-up data collection was July 20, 2022. This 8-week, open-label, parallel, dietary randomized clinical trial compared the health impact of a vegan diet vs an omnivorous diet in identical twins. Primary analysis included all available data.Twin pairs were randomized to follow a healthy vegan diet or a healthy omnivorous diet for 8 weeks. Diet-specific meals were provided via a meal delivery service from baseline through week 4, and from weeks 5 to 8 participants prepared their own diet-appropriate meals and snacks.The primary outcome was difference in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration from baseline to end point (week 8). Secondary outcome measures were changes in cardiometabolic factors (plasma lipids, glucose, and insulin levels and serum trimethylamine N-oxide level), plasma vitamin B12 level, and body weight. Exploratory measures were adherence to study diets, ease or difficulty in following the diets, participant energy levels, and sense of well-being.A total of 22 pairs (N = 44) of twins (34 [77.3%] female; mean [SD] age, 39.6 [12.7] years; mean [SD] body mass index, 25.9 [4.7]) were enrolled in the study. After 8 weeks, compared with twins randomized to an omnivorous diet, the twins randomized to the vegan diet experienced significant mean (SD) decreases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (-13.9 [5.8] mg/dL; 95% CI, -25.3 to -2.4 mg/dL), fasting insulin level (-2.9 [1.3] μIU/mL; 95% CI, -5.3 to -0.4 μIU/mL), and body weight (-1.9 [0.7] kg; 95% CI, -3.3 to -0.6 kg).In this randomized clinical trial of the cardiometabolic effects of omnivorous vs vegan diets in identical twins, the healthy vegan diet led to improved cardiometabolic outcomes compared with a healthy omnivorous diet. Clinicians can consider this dietary approach as a healthy alternative for their patients.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05297825.
Subclinical Primary Aldosteronism and Cardiovascular Health: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Gregory L. Hundemer, Mohsen Agharazii, François Madore, Anand Vaidya, Jenifer M. Brown, Alexander A. Leung, Gregory A. Kline, Eric Larose, Marie-Eve Piché, Andrew M. Crean, Julie L.V. Shaw, Tim Ramsay, Bernhard Hametner, Siegfried Wassertheurer, Manish M. Sood, Swapnil Hiremath, Marcel Ruzicka, Rémi Goupil
Journal: Circulation (2023)

Primary aldosteronism, characterized by overt renin-independent aldosterone production, is a common but underrecognized form of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Growing evidence suggests that milder and subclinical forms of primary aldosteronism are highly prevalent, yet their contribution to cardiovascular disease is not well characterized.
Tom Nolan’s research reviews—30 November 2023
Authors: Tom Nolan
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Clinical benefits from new drugsPrescrire is a French independent non-profit organisation that offers healthcare professionals information on the clinical benefits-or otherwise-of medicines and diagnostic strategies.It rates new medicines on a seven point scale from "bravo" to "judgement reserved," via "possibly helpful," "nothing new," and "not acceptable."A cross sectional study of 632 medicines entering the French market between 2008 and 2018 looked at the clinical benefit of each medicine according to Prescrire (and the Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS), which has a similar but less interesting 6 point scale).Of the new drugs, 73% originated in the commercial sector, and 27% came from an academic setting or in collaboration with commercial enterprises.Most of the medicines were judged as having no added clinical benefit, but a greater proportion of those developed in academia were likely to have some added benefit, according to Prescrire, than those from the commercial sector (57 (34%) v 98 (21%) respectively, P=0.001).Bravo academics.
A road map for the treatment of pediatric diffuse midline glioma
Authors: Carl Koschmann, Wajd N. Al-Holou, Marta M. Alonso, Jamie Anastas, Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Tara Barron, Oren Becher, Rodrigo Cartaxo, Maria G. Castro, Chan Chung, Madison Clausen, Derek Dang, Robert Doherty, Ryan Duchatel, Matthew Dun, Mariella Filbin, Andrea Franson, Stefanie Galban, Marc Garcia Moure, Hugh Garton, Pruthvi Gowda, Joana Graca Marques, Cynthia Hawkins, Allison Heath, Esther Hulleman, Sunjong Ji, Chris Jones, Lindsay Kilburn, Cassie Kline, Michael A. Koldobskiy, Daniel Lim, Pedro R. Lowenstein, Q. Richard Lu, Joanna Lum, Stephen Mack, Suresh Magge, Bernard Marini, Donna Martin, Neena Marupudi, Dana Messinger, Rajen Mody, Meredith Morgan, Mateus Mota, Karin Muraszko, Sabine Mueller, Siva Kumar Natarajan, Javad Nazarian, Michael Niculcea, Nicholas Nuechterlein, Hideho Okada, Valerie Opipari, Manjunath P. Pai, Sharmistha Pal, Erik Peterson, Timothy Phoenix, John R. Prensner, Matthew Pun, G. Praveen Raju, Zachary J. Reitman, Adam Resnick, David Rogawski, Amanda Saratsis, Stefanie G. Sbergio, Mark Souweidane, James M. Stafford, Theophilos Tzaridis, Sujatha Venkataraman, Orazio Vittorio, Jack Wadden, Daniel Wahl, Robert J. Wechsler-Reya, Viveka Nand Yadav, Xu Zhang, Qiang Zhang, Sriram Venneti
Journal: Cancer Cell (2023)
The BMJ Appeal 2023-24: Periods don’t stop for disasters
Authors: Jane Feinmann
Journal: BMJ (2023)

The plight of women and girls managing menstruation during humanitarian crises is below the radar of many aid organisations.But it's a priority for ActionAid UK, the choice for The BMJ's annual appeal this year-and the charity's response to the September earthquake in Morocco shows why.That earthquake, which killed 3000 people and left 300 000 homeless, hit the remote Atlas Mountains-a very poor region that already had a high level of inequality, says Halima Begum, chief executive of ActionAid UK.This had led to widespread sexual exploitation through domestic work and meant that child marriage was a constant risk.She says, "Thousands of women and girls are now living in rudimentary shelter without access to menstrual products, either because of lack of availability or lack of funds to buy them, and without access to facilities to wash their clothes."The need for period products can be overlooked in the rush to provide food and shelter.And it will continue to be overlooked if women's voices are not heard.The gender inequality and discrimination that women and girls experience in their daily lives continues when disasters occur.That's why we have to do things differently."Mike Noyes, head of ActionAid UK's humanitarian team in emergencies, adds, "Far too many marginalised women are forced to use torn pieces of clothing or dirty rags instead of safe, clean period products, and this puts them at risk of dangerous infections.Having bloodstains on your clothes causes embarrassment and isolation.
The tumor-derived cytokine Chi3l1 induces neutrophil extracellular traps that promote T cell exclusion in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Tarek Taifour, Sherif Samer Attalla, Dongmei Zuo, Yu Gu, Virginie Sanguin-Gendreau, Hailey Proud, Emilie Solymoss, Tung Bui, Hellen Kuasne, Vasilios Papavasiliou, Chun Geun Lee, Suchitra Kamle, Peter M. Siegel, Jack A. Elias, Morag Park, William J. Muller
Journal: Immunity (2023)

In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), stromal restriction of CD8+ T cells associates with poor clinical outcomes and lack of responsiveness to immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB). To identify mediators of T cell stromal restriction, we profiled murine breast tumors lacking the transcription factor Stat3, which is commonly hyperactive in breast cancers and promotes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Expression of the cytokine Chi3l1 was decreased in Stat3−/− tumors. CHI3L1 expression was elevated in human TNBCs and other solid tumors exhibiting T cell stromal restriction. Chi3l1 ablation in the polyoma virus middle T (PyMT) breast cancer model generated an anti-tumor immune response and delayed mammary tumor onset. These effects were associated with increased T cell tumor infiltration and improved response to ICB. Mechanistically, Chi3l1 promoted neutrophil recruitment and neutrophil extracellular trap formation, which blocked T cell infiltration. Our findings provide insight into the mechanism underlying stromal restriction of CD8+ T cells and suggest that targeting Chi3l1 may promote anti-tumor immunity in various tumor types.
ALK inhibitors increase ALK expression and sensitize neuroblastoma cells to ALK.CAR-T cells
Authors: Elisa Bergaggio, Wei-Tien Tai, Andrea Aroldi, Carmen Mecca, Elisa Landoni, Manuel Nüesch, Ines Mota, Jasna Metovic, Luca Molinaro, Leyuan Ma, Diego Alvarado, Chiara Ambrogio, Claudia Voena, Rafael B. Blasco, Tongqing Li, Daryl Klein, Darrell J. Irvine, Mauro Papotti, Barbara Savoldo, Gianpietro Dotti, Roberto Chiarle
Journal: Cancer Cell (2023)
Phenotypic signatures of circulating neoantigen-reactive CD8+ T cells in patients with metastatic cancers
Authors: Rami Yossef, Sri Krishna, Sivasish Sindiri, Frank J. Lowery, Amy R. Copeland, Jared J. Gartner, Maria R. Parkhurst, Neilesh B. Parikh, Kyle J. Hitscherich, Shoshana T. Levi, Praveen D. Chatani, Nikolaos Zacharakis, Noam Levin, Nolan R. Vale, Shirley K. Nah, Aaron Dinerman, Victoria K. Hill, Satyajit Ray, Alakesh Bera, Lior Levy, Li Jia, Michael C. Kelly, Stephanie L. Goff, Paul F. Robbins, Steven A. Rosenberg
Journal: Cancer Cell (2023)
Inside the patient and family activated critical care hotline that’s a model for Martha’s rule
Authors: Erin Dean
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Campaigners have called for the Royal Berkshire’s Call 4 Concern system to be used as the basis for guaranteeing a patient’s right to a second opinion. <b>Erin Dean</b> meets the doctors, nurses, and patients involved in its implementation, as well as its founder
A broadly reactive antibody targeting the N-terminal domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike confers Fc-mediated protection
Authors: Lucas J. Adams, Laura A. VanBlargan, Zhuoming Liu, Pavlo Gilchuk, Haiyan Zhao, Rita E. Chen, Saravanan Raju, Zhenlu Chong, Bradley M. Whitener, Swathi Shrihari, Prashant N. Jethva, Michael L. Gross, James E. Crowe, Sean P.J. Whelan, Michael S. Diamond, Daved H. Fremont
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2023)

Most neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) target the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein. Here, we characterize a panel of mAbs targeting the N-terminal domain (NTD) or other non-RBD epitopes of S. A subset of NTD mAbs inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry at a post-attachment step and avidly binds the surface of infected cells. One neutralizing NTD mAb, SARS2-57, protects K18-hACE2 mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection in an Fc-dependent manner. Structural analysis demonstrates that SARS2-57 engages an antigenic supersite that is remodeled by deletions common to emerging variants. In neutralization escape studies with SARS2-57, this NTD site accumulates mutations, including a similar deletion, but the addition of an anti-RBD mAb prevents such escape. Thus, our study highlights a common strategy of immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2 variants and how targeting spatially distinct epitopes, including those in the NTD, may limit such escape.
SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology and COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness Among Infants and Children Aged 6 Months–4 Years — New Vaccine Surveillance Network, United States, July 2022–September 2023
Authors: Ayzsa Tannis, Janet A. Englund, Ariana Perez, Elizabeth J. Harker, Mary Allen Staat, Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, Natasha B. Halasa, Laura S. Stewart, John V. Williams, Marian G. Michaels, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Jennifer E. Schuster, Leila C. Sahni, Julie A. Boom, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Peter G. Szilagyi, Benjamin R. Clopper, Yingtao Zhou, Meredith L. McMorrow, Eileen J. Klein, Heidi L. Moline
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2023)

SARS-CoV-2 infection in young children is often mild or asymptomatic; however, some children are at risk for severe disease. Data describing the protective effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against COVID-19-associated emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalization in this population are limited. Data from the New Vaccine Surveillance Network, a prospective population-based surveillance system, were used to estimate vaccine effectiveness using a test-negative, case-control design and describe the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in infants and children aged 6 months-4 years during July 1, 2022-September 30, 2023. Among 7,434 children included, 5% received a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result, and 95% received a negative test result; 86% were unvaccinated, 4% had received 1 dose of any vaccine product, and 10% had received ≥2 doses. When compared with receipt of no vaccines among children, receipt of ≥2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine doses was 40% effective (95% CI = 8%-60%) in preventing ED visits and hospitalization. These findings support existing recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination of young children to reduce COVID-19-associated ED visits and hospitalization.
<i>Notes from the Field</i>: Firearm Suicide Rates, by Race and Ethnicity — United States, 2019–2022
Authors: Wojciech Kaczkowski, Scott R. Kegler, May S. Chen, Marissa L. Zwald, Deborah M. Stone, Steven A. Sumner
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2023)

Suicide, including firearm suicide, remains a substantial public health concern in the United States.During the previous 2 decades, overall suicide rates and firearm suicide rates have risen by approximately one third, approaching 50,000 overall suicides during 2022, including approximately 27,000 firearm suicides (1).Firearm suicides account for approximately one half of all suicides, and this proportion has been increasing (2,3).This analysis includes national firearm suicide data from 2019 through the end of 2022, categorized by race and ethnicity, presented both annually and by month (or quarterly) to track subannual changes.
<i>Notes from the Field:</i> The National Wastewater Surveillance System’s Centers of Excellence Contributions to Public Health Action During the Respiratory Virus Season — Four U.S. Jurisdictions, 2022–23
Authors: Diana Valencia, Alexander T. Yu, Allison Wheeler, Loren Hopkins, Ian Pray, Libby Horter, Duc J. Vugia, Shannon Matzinger, Lauren Stadler, Nathan Kloczko, Michael Welton, Stephanie Bertsch-Merbach, Kaavya Domakonda, Dagmara Antkiewicz, Hannah Turner, Chad Crain, Anthony Mulenga, Martin Shafer, Judith Owiti, Rebecca Schneider, Kayley H. Janssen, Marlene K. Wolfe, Sandra L. McClellan, Alexandria B. Boehm, Adélaïde Roguet, Bradley White, Melissa K. Schussman, Madhura S. Rane, Jocelyn Hemming, Caroline Collins, Andrew Abram, Elisabeth Burnor, Ryan Westergaard, Jessica N. Ricaldi, John Person, Nicole Fehrenbach
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2023)
Mortality Among Children Aged &lt;5 Years Living with HIV Who Are Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment — U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, 28 Supported Countries and Regions, October 2020–September 2022
Authors: Nickolas T. Agathis, Iyiola Faturiyele, Patricia Agaba, Kiva A. Fisher, Stephanie Hackett, Elfriede Agyemang, Neha Mehta, Gurpreet Kindra, Diane F. Morof, Immaculate Mutisya, Lennah Nyabiage, Katherine A. Battey, Ezeomu Olotu, Talent Maphosa, Catherine Motswere-Chirwa, Akeem T. Ketlogetswe, Jessica Mafa-Setswalo, Sikhathele Mazibuko, Maria Ines Tomo de Deus, Herminio G. Nhaguiombe, Edward M. Machage, Bridget Mugisa, Dolapo T. Ogundehin, Carolyn Mbelwa, Estella Birabwa, Monica Etima, Yakubu Adamu, Ismail Lawal, Jonah Maswai, Dorothy Njeru, Janet Mwambona, Boniface Nguhuni, Rosemary Mrina, Susan Hrapcak, George K. Siberry, Catherine Godfrey, Hilary T. Wolf
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2023)

Globally, children aged <5 years, including those living with HIV who are not receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART), experience disproportionately high mortality. Global mortality among children living with HIV aged <5 years receiving ART is not well described. This report compares mortality and related clinical measures among infants aged <1 year and children aged 1-4 years living with HIV with those among older persons aged 5-14, 15-49, and ≥50 years living with HIV receiving ART services at all clinical sites supported by the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. During October 2020-September 2022, an average of 11,980 infants aged <1 year and 105,510 children aged 1-4 years were receiving ART each quarter; among these infants and children receiving ART, 586 (4.9%) and 2,684 (2.5%), respectively, were reported to have died annually. These proportions of infants and children who died ranged from four to nine times higher in infants aged <1 year, and two to five times higher in children aged 1-4 years, than the proportions of older persons aged ≥5 years receiving ART. Compared with persons aged ≥5 years living with HIV, the proportions of children aged <5 years living with HIV who experienced interruptions in treatment were also higher, and the proportions who had a documented HIV viral load result or a suppressed viral load were lower. Prioritizing and optimizing HIV and general health services for children aged <5 years living with HIV receiving ART, including those recommended in the WHO STOP AIDS Package, might help address these disproportionately poorer outcomes.