tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Public Health Case for a Universalist Child Tax Credit
Authors: Seth A. Berkowitz, Colin J. Orr, Deepak Palakshappa
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Large-Scale <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> CRISPR-Cas9 Knockout Screens Identify a 16-Gene Fitness Score for Improved Risk Assessment in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Peng Jin, Qiqi Jin, Xiaoling Wang, Ming Zhao, Fangyi Dong, Ge Jiang, Zeyi Li, Jie Shen, Wei Zhang, Shishuang Wu, Ran Li, Yunxiang Zhang, Xiaoyang Li, Junmin Li
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Purpose: The molecular complexity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) presents a considerable challenge to implementation of clinical genetic testing for accurate risk stratification. Identification of better biomarkers therefore remains a high priority to enable improving established stratification and guiding risk-adapted therapy decisions. Experimental Design: We systematically integrated and analyzed the genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 data from more than 1,000 in vitro and in vivo knockout screens to identify the AML-specific fitness genes. A prognostic fitness score was developed using the sparse regression analysis in a training cohort of 618 cases and validated in five publicly available independent cohorts (n = 1,570) and our RJAML cohort (n = 157) with matched RNA sequencing and targeted gene sequencing performed. Results: A total of 280 genes were identified as AML fitness genes and a 16-gene AML fitness (AFG16) score was further generated and displayed highly prognostic power in more than 2,300 patients with AML. The AFG16 score was able to distill downstream consequences of several genetic abnormalities and can substantially improve the European LeukemiaNet classification. The multi-omics data from the RJAML cohort further demonstrated its clinical applicability. Patients with high AFG16 scores had significantly poor response to induction chemotherapy. Ex vivo drug screening indicated that patients with high AFG16 scores were more sensitive to the cell-cycle inhibitors flavopiridol and SNS-032, and exhibited strongly activated cell-cycle signaling. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated the utility of the AFG16 score as a powerful tool for better risk stratification and selecting patients most likely to benefit from chemotherapy and alternative experimental therapies.
Errors in Figure 2
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Samer AlMasri, MD; Mazen Zenati, MD, PhD; Abdulrahman Hammad, MBChB; Ibrahim Nassour, MD; Hao Liu, MD, PhD; Melissa E. Hogg, MD; Herbert J. Zeh, MD; Brian Boone, MD; Nathan Bahary, MD, PhD; Aatur D. Singhi, MD, PhD; Kenneth K. Lee, MD; Alessandro Paniccia, MD; Amer H. Zureikat, MD
Association of Health Literacy and Area Deprivation With Initiation and Completion of Telehealth Visits in Adult Medicine Clinics Across a Large Health Care System
Authors: Sarah H. Brown, Michelle L. Griffith, Sunil Kripalani, Sara N. Horst
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

This cross-sectional study assesses whether health literacy and area deprivation index are associated with completion rates of telehealth video visits among adult patients in a large health care system.
What Should I Know About Coverage With Medicare Part D?
Authors: S. M. Qasim Hussaini, Arjun Gupta, Stacie B. Dusetzina
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

How Do I Sign Up for Medicare Part D?You can sign up online at https://www.medicare.gov/plancompare.Report your zip code, local pharmacy, and the medications you take to find the cheapest plans in your area.There may be more than 50 plans to choose from.You can call a toll-free
Focal Cooling for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
Authors: Itamar Niesvizky-Kogan, Michelle Bass, Shira R. Goldenholz, Daniel M. Goldenholz
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2022)

Epilepsy affects at least 1.2% of the population, with one-third of cases considered to be drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). For these cases, focal cooling therapy may be a potential avenue for treatment, offering hope to people with DRE for freedom from seizure. The therapy leverages neuroscience and engineering principles to deliver a reversible treatment unhindered by pharmacology.Analogous to (but safer than) the use of global cooling in postcardiac arrest and neonatal ischemic injury, extensive research supports the premise that focal cooling as a long-term treatment for epilepsy could be effective. The potential advantages of focal cooling are trifold: stopping epileptiform discharges, seizures, and status epilepticus safely across species (including humans).This Review presents the most current evidence supporting focal cooling in epilepsy. Cooling has been demonstrated as a potentially safe and effective treatment modality for DRE, although it is not yet ready for use in humans outside of randomized clinical trials. The Review will also offer a brief overview of the technical challenges related to focal cooling in humans, including the optimal device design and cooling parameters.
Pediatric Patient Safety—First Steps Forward
Authors: Christopher P. Landrigan
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Spotting Spodick Sign in the Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Hao-Yu Wu, Xiao-Wei Yao, Yi-Wei Cao
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Time for a New Perspective on Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Magdy H. Selim
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Examination of Trends in Diabetes Incidence Among Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ontario, Canada, From March 2020 to September 2021
Authors: Rayzel Shulman, Eyal Cohen, Therese A. Stukel, Christina Diong, Astrid Guttmann
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

lower power; thus, we cannot rule out a 1.3-fold increase in RRs.An advantage of our study is that we report monthly variations in post-COVID-19 diabetes incidence showing a decline then an increase in rates, suggesting possible delays in diabetes diagnosis for children early in the pandemic with a catch-up effect.Although we are unable to differentiate type 1 and 2 diabetes, 95% of children with diabetes in Ontario have type 1. 6 The lack of both an observable increase in overall diabetes incidence among children during the 18-month pandemic restrictions and a plausible biological mechanism calls into question an association between COVID-19 and new-onset diabetes.Given the variability in monthly RRs, additional population-based, longer-term data are needed to examine the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 and diabetes risk among children.
Association of Heavy Alcohol Intake and <i>ALDH2</i> rs671 Polymorphism With Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Mortality in Patients With Hepatitis B Virus–Related Cirrhosis
Authors: Ming-Chao Tsai, Sien-Sing Yang, Chih-Che Lin, Wen-Lun Wang, Yao-Chun Hsu, Yaw-Sen Chen, Jui-Ting Hu, James Yu Lin, Ming-Lung Yu, Chih-Wen Lin
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

The role of heavy alcohol intake, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene (ALDH2) rs671 polymorphism, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and mortality remains uncertain.To investigate the association of heavy alcohol intake, ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism, and HBV infection with HCC development and mortality in patients with cirrhosis.This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with cirrhosis with heavy alcoholism or/and HBV infection from January 2005 to December 2020. Patients were followed up through June 30, 2021. The current data analysis was performed from August 2021 to April 2022. Patients from 3 tertiary hospitals in Taiwan were enrolled.Heavy alcohol intake was defined as consuming more than 80 g of ethanol each day for at least 5 years.The primary end point was newly developed HCC. The secondary end point was overall mortality.Of 1515 patients with cirrhosis (342 with concomitant heavy alcoholism and HBV infection, 796 with HBV infection alone, and 377 with heavy alcoholism alone), 1277 (84.3%) were men, and their mean (SD) age was 49.5 (10.2) years; 746 patients had blood samples collected for ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism analysis. The 10-year cumulative incidences of HCC and mortality were significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis with concomitant HBV infection and alcoholism than in those with HBV infection alone or alcoholism alone. Heavy alcohol intake and the ALDH2 rs671 genotype (GA/AA) were associated with significantly increased risk of HCC and mortality in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis. In patients with cirrhosis with concomitant HBV infection and alcoholism, factors associated with risk of HCC were baseline serum HBV DNA (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 3.24; 95% CI, 1.43-7.31), antiviral therapy (aHR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.05-0.39), alcohol intake (aHR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.02-3.12), abstinence (aHR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.18-0.59), and ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism (aHR, 5.61; 95% CI, 2.42-12.90). Factors associated with increased risk of mortality were abstinence (aHR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.16-0.32), ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism (aHR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.09-2.26), Child-Pugh class B vs A (aHR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.13-2.25) and class C vs A (aHR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.18-3.31), serum albumin (aHR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.43-0.86), and HCC development (aHR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.12-2.89).These findings suggest that heavy alcohol intake and ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism are associated with significantly increased risk of HCC development and mortality in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis. Patients with these risk factors should be monitored closely for HCC.
Diplopia and Ptosis in an Older Woman
Authors: Jeannette Y. Stallworth, J. Palmer Greene, Nailyn Rasool
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
The fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: Implications for cancer registries
Authors: Raoull Hoogendijk, Jasper van der Lugt, Eelco Hoving, Leontien Kremer, Otto Visser, Pieter Wesseling, Dannis van Vuurden, Henrike Karim-Kos
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)
Keratinocyte-derived defensins activate neutrophil-specific receptors Mrgpra2a/b to prevent skin dysbiosis and bacterial infection
Authors: Xintong Dong, Nathachit Limjunyawong, Elizabeth I. Sypek, Gaofeng Wang, Roger V. Ortines, Christine Youn, Martin P. Alphonse, Dustin Dikeman, Yu Wang, Mark Lay, Ruchita Kothari, Chirag Vasavda, Priyanka Pundir, Loyal Goff, Lloyd S. Miller, Wuyuan Lu, Luis A. Garza, Brian S. Kim, Nathan K. Archer, Xinzhong Dong
Journal: Immunity (2022)
Integration of Computational Analysis and Spatial Transcriptomics in Single-Cell Studies
Authors: Ran Wang, Guangdun Peng, Patrick P.L. Tam, Naihe Jing
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2022)

Recent advances of single-cell transcriptomics technologies and allied computational methodologies have revolutionized molecular cell biology. Meanwhile, pioneering explorations in spatial transcriptomics have opened up avenues to address fundamental biological questions in health and diseases. Here, we review the technical attributes of single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, and the core concepts of computational data analysis. We further highlight the challenges in the application of data integration methodologies and the interpretation of the biological context of the findings.
Prolonged breastfeeding protects from obesity by hypothalamic action of hepatic FGF21
Authors: Veronica Pena-Leon, Cintia Folgueira, Silvia Barja-Fernández, Raquel Pérez-Lois, Natália Da Silva Lima, Marion Martin, Violeta Heras, Sara Martinez-Martinez, Paola Valero, Cristina Iglesias, Mannon Duquenne, Omar Al-Massadi, Daniel Beiroa, Yara Souto, Miguel Fidalgo, Rasika Sowmyalakshmi, Diana Guallar, Juan Cunarro, Cecilia Castelao, Ana Senra, Patricia González-Saenz, Rocío Vázquez-Cobela, Rosaura Leis, Guadalupe Sabio, Helge Mueller-Fielitz, Markus Schwaninger, Miguel López, Sulay Tovar, Felipe F. Casanueva, Emmanuel Valjent, Carlos Diéguez, Vincent Prevot, Rubén Nogueiras, Luisa M. Seoane
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2022)

Abstract Early-life determinants are thought to be a major factor in the rapid increase of obesity. However, while maternal nutrition has been extensively studied, the effects of breastfeeding by the infant on the reprogramming of energy balance in childhood and throughout adulthood remain largely unknown. Here we show that delayed weaning in rat pups protects them against diet-induced obesity in adulthood, through enhanced brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and energy expenditure. In-depth metabolic phenotyping in this rat model as well as in transgenic mice reveals that the effects of prolonged suckling are mediated by increased hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) production and tanycyte-controlled access to the hypothalamus in adulthood. Specifically, FGF21 activates GABA-containing neurons expressing dopamine receptor 2 in the lateral hypothalamic area and zona incerta. Prolonged breastfeeding thus constitutes a protective mechanism against obesity by affecting long-lasting physiological changes in liver-to-hypothalamus communication and hypothalamic metabolic regulation.
Immunopathogenesis and environmental triggers in coeliac disease
Authors: Anais Levescot, Georgia Malamut, Nadine Cerf-Bensussan
Journal: Gut (2022)

Coeliac disease (CD) is a frequent immune enteropathy induced by gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Its pathogenesis has been extensively studied and CD has emerged as a model disease to decipher how the interplay between environmental and genetic factors can predispose to autoimmunity and promote lymphomagenesis. The keystone event is the activation of a gluten-specific immune response that is driven by molecular interactions between gluten, the indispensable environmental factor, HLA-DQ2/8, the main predisposing genetic factor and transglutaminase 2, the CD-specific autoantigen. The antigluten response is however not sufficient to induce epithelial damage which requires the activation of cytotoxic CD8 + intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). In a plausible scenario, cooperation between cytokines released by gluten-specific CD4 + T cells and interleukin-15 produced in excess in the coeliac gut, licenses the autoimmune-like attack of the gut epithelium, likely via sustained activation of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway in IEL. Demonstration that lymphomas complicating CD arise from IEL that have acquired gain-of-function JAK1 or STAT3 mutations stresses the key role of this pathway and explains how gluten-driven chronic inflammation may promote this rare but most severe complication. If our understanding of CD pathogenesis has considerably progressed, several questions and challenges remain. One unsolved question concerns the considerable variability in disease penetrance, severity and presentation, pointing to the role of additional genetic and environmental factors that remain however uneasy to untangle and hierarchize. A current challenge is to transfer the considerable mechanistic insight gained into CD pathogenesis into benefits for the patients, notably to alleviate the gluten-free diet, a burden for many patients.
Genetic risk score enhances the risk prediction of severe obesity in adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Yadav Sapkota, Weiyu Qiu, Stephanie B. Dixon, Carmen L. Wilson, Zhaoming Wang, Jinghui Zhang, Wendy Leisenring, Eric J. Chow, Smita Bhatia, Gregory T. Armstrong, Leslie L. Robison, Melissa M. Hudson, Angela Delaney, Yutaka Yasui
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)
Microbial determinants of effective donors in faecal microbiota transplantation for UC
Authors: Craig Haifer, Laurence Don Wai Luu, Sudarshan Paramsothy, Thomas J Borody, Rupert W Leong, Nadeem O Kaakoush
Journal: Gut (2022)

Objective Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has variable efficacy in treating UC. Recently, oral lyophilised FMT was found to induce remission in patients with UC, with one donor having 100% efficacy compared with a second donor (36% efficacy). We characterised differences in the gut microbiota of these two donors with the aim of improving FMT donor selection. Design Faecal samples from the two donors were collected over a period of 44 (donor 1) or 70 (donor 2) weeks. The microbiome and metabolome were profiled using shotgun metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics Results Gut microbiome long-term stability was highly evident in the effective donor. Donor microbiota species evenness was a robust feature associated with clinical efficacy across two clinical trials of FMT in UC, leading to increased donor species engraftment in patients. Alpha diversity and beta diversity of donor gut microbiotas significantly differed. 90 bacterial species and one archaeon were differentially abundant between donors, 44 of which were &gt;0.1% in relative abundance. 17/44 species were enriched in the effective donor, 11 of which (64.7%) were assembled into high-quality genomes that were prevalent (≥75% samples) in that donor, and six showed evidence of engraftment in patients. Taxonomic differences between donors translated to substantial microbial functional differences that were validated using metabolomics. Conclusion Donor microbiota stability and species evenness were identified as novel metrics that were associated with therapeutic efficacy in UC, beyond individual microbial species or metabolites. These metrics may represent community resilience that translates to better engraftment in the host. Trial registration number ACTRN12619000611123.