tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography performed through a temporary lumen-apposing metal stent in a patient with a benign gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Ana Catarina Carvalho, Marta Moreira, Tarcísio Araújo, Jorge Canena, Luís Lopes
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

We report the case of an 87-year-old man who presented with acute cholangitis. At presentation, an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed choledocholithiasis with biliary dilation and homogenous thickening of the bile duct wall. He was admitted under antibiotics and a percutaneous cholecystostomy was performed. Cholangiography through the cholecystostomy ([Fig. 1]) revealed a swollen gallbladder, cholelithiasis, and stones in the distal common bile duct (CBD) up to 8 mm. Given the patient's complaints and radiological findings, an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed. During duodenoscopy an unexpected peptic stricture was observed at the duodenal bulb, preventing advancement of the duodenoscope into the duodenum ([Fig. 2 a]). The patient underwent balloon dilation up to 12 mm and started proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. However, 2 weeks later the stricture was still not transposable by the duodenoscope ([Fig. 2 b]). To perform ERCP, a temporary 15-mm × 10-mm lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) (AXIOS; Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA) was deployed under endoscopic/ fluoroscopic control to access the papilla ([Video 1]).
Two cases in which electrohydraulic lithotripsy was used in adults to treat an impacted pill in the esophagus
Authors: Bo Hyung Yoon, Ji Yoon Yoon, Bhavana Bhagya Rao, Nicholas A. Hoerter
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) is a well-established technique for breaking stones in the genitourinary and hepatobiliary tracts using hydraulic shockwaves created by electric discharge sparks in liquid [1]. The removal of gastric bezoars with EHL has been previously reported [2], and there was also one report of the application of EHL in a child with an impacted esophageal pill in 2015 [3]. We present our experience using EHL to remove impacted pills in adults, which has not previously been described in the literature ([Video 1]).
Intrastone tunneling endoscopic lithotripsy technique for the treatment of Bouveret syndrome
Authors: Joel Ferreira-Silva, Rui Morais, Renato Medas, Margarida Marques, Guilherme Macedo
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

An 89-year-old woman presented with acute abdominal pain and vomiting. Computed tomography revealed a gas-filled gallbladder and a 38 × 29 mm gallstone inside the duodenal bulb, compatible with Bouveret syndrome ([Fig. 1]). After multidisciplinary discussion, endoscopic treatment was pursued ([Video 1]).
Endoscopic drainage and necrosectomy for inoperable gangrenous cholecystitis
Authors: Beatrice Orlandini, Freek Daams, Paul Fockens, Rogier P. Voermans, Roy L. J. van Wanrooij
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

A 56-year-old man with liver, peritoneal, and lymph node metastases after previous transthoracic esophagectomy was diagnosed with acute calculous cholecystitis. Transduodenal endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) was performed using a 10 × 10 mm cautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS). Purulent fluid was aspirated and submitted for culture, which identified Enterococcus faecium.
Endoscopic hybrid resection and under-water snare resection of symptomatic duodenal duplication cysts in children
Authors: Mariana Milashka-Brihay, Mariana Figueiredo, Miguel Pantaleón Sánchez, Clara Yzet, Sophie Collardeau-Frachon, Jérôme Rivory, Mathieu Pioche
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Duodenal duplication cysts are rare congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract, manifested in early childhood [1] [2]. They are benign lesions, although a few cases have been reported including carcinoid tumors, squamous cell carcinomas, and adenocarcinomas [3]. Endoscopic treatments include fenestration, marsupialization, snare resection, and aspiration [4] [5].
Duodenal stent fixation using through-the-scope helix tack and suture device
Authors: Natalie Wilson, Nicholas McDonald, Bryant Megna, Mohamed Abdallah, Mohammad Bilal
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Malignant gastroduodenal strictures are often managed with endoscopic stent placement [1]. One of the main limitations of duodenal self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) is the risk of migration [2]. Multiple techniques have been used to prevent stent migration, including stent fixation using through-the-scope (TTS) clips, over-the-scope stent fixation devices, and endoscopic suturing [3] [4]. TTS suturing using the helix tack and suture device is a novel suturing method that is generally used for defect closure, though it has been rapidly gaining popularity for alternate uses [5].
Troubleshooting for endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy stent migration: Additional stenting by the partial stent-in-stent method
Authors: Susumu Hijioka, Yasunari Sakamoto, Yoshikuni Nagashio, Yuta Maruki, Takuji Okusaka, Yutaka Saito
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Stent migration into the abdominal cavity, one of the most serious procedural complications of endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) [1], usually requires emergency surgery [2] [3].
Clinical value of alarm features for colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Leonardo Frazzoni, Liboria Laterza, Marina La Marca, Rocco Maurizio Zagari, Franco Radaelli, Cesare Hassan, Alessandro Repici, Antonio Facciorusso, Paraskevas Gkolfakis, Cristiano Spada, Konstantinos Triantafyllou, Franco Bazzoli, Mario Dinis-Ribeiro, Lorenzo Fuccio
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common neoplasm in Western countries. Prioritizing access to colonoscopy appears of critical relevance. Alarm features are considered to increase the likelihood of CRC. Our aim was to assess the diagnostic performance of alarm features for CRC diagnosis.We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting the diagnostic accuracy of alarm features (rectal bleeding, anemia, change in bowel habit, and weight loss) for CRC, published up to September 2021. Colonoscopy was required as the reference diagnostic test. Diagnostic accuracy measures were pooled by a bivariate mixed-effects regression model. The number needed to scope (NNS; i. e. the number of patients who need to undergo colonoscopy to diagnose one CRC) according to each alarm feature was calculated.31 studies with 45 100 patients (mean age 31-88 years; men 36 %-63 %) were included. The prevalence of CRC ranged from 0.2 % to 22 %. Sensitivity was suboptimal, ranging from 12.4 % for weight loss to 49 % for rectal bleeding, whereas specificity ranged from 69.8 % for rectal bleeding to 91.9 % for weight loss. Taken individually, rectal bleeding and anemia would be the only practical alarm features mandating colonoscopy (NNS 5.3 and 6.7, respectively).When considered independently, alarm features have variable accuracy for CRC, given the high heterogeneity of study populations reflected by wide variability in CRC prevalence. Rectal bleeding and anemia are the most practical to select patients for colonoscopy. Integration of alarm features in a comprehensive evaluation of patients should be considered.
Proactive over reactive: the snare-based pretraction method improving the full-thickness resection of a large gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Ling Xiao, Rui Huang, Xiang-rong Zhou, Wei-hui Liu
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Although endoscopic resection methods such as endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) are widely recommended for treatment of gastrointestinal submucosal tumors [1] [2], these techniques are technically difficult, mainly due to failure in detecting tumors after mucosal incision, difficulty in exposing the midfield of dissection, and risk of slippage of tumors after perforation [3]. To overcome the above obstacles, we established a snare-based pretraction (SBPT) method to facilitate efficiency and safety during EFTR of a large gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) ([Video 1]).
FORT-1: Phase II/III Study of Rogaratinib Versus Chemotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Selected Based on <i>FGFR1</i>/<i>3</i> mRNA Expression
Authors: Cora N. Sternberg, Daniel P. Petrylak, Joaquim Bellmunt, Hiroyuki Nishiyama, Andrea Necchi, Howard Gurney, Jae-Lyun Lee, Michiel S. van der Heijden, Eli Rosenbaum, Nicolas Penel, See-Tong Pang, Jian-Ri Li, Xavier García del Muro, Florence Joly, Zsuzsanna Pápai, Weichao Bao, Peter Ellinghaus, Chengxing Lu, Mitchell Sierecki, Sabine Coppieters, Keiko Nakajima, Tatiane Cristine Ishida, David I. Quinn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

Rogaratinib, an oral pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR1-4) inhibitor, showed promising phase I efficacy and safety in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) with
Investing in public health systems is a global common good
Authors: Agnès Soucat, Rajat Khosla
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Up to 20% of all cancers arise in association with chronic inflammation and most, if not all, solid tumours contain inflammatory infiltrates. Immune cells have a broad impact on tumour initiation, growth and progression and many of these effects are mediated by proinflammatory cytokines. Among these cytokines, the pro-tumourogenic function of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) is well established. The role of TNF and IL-6 as master regulators of tumour-associated inflammation and tumourigenesis makes them attractive targets for adjuvant treatment in cancer
Interim FDG-PET analysis to identify patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma who benefit from treatment intensification: a post-hoc analysis of the PETAL trial
Authors: Robert Seifert, David Kersting, Christoph Rischpler, Patrick Sandach, Justin Ferdinandus, Wolfgang P. Fendler, Kambiz Rahbar, Matthias Weckesser, Lale Umutlu, Christine Hanoun, Andreas Hüttmann, Hans Christian Reinhardt, Bastian von Tresckow, Ken Herrmann, Ulrich Dührsen, Michael Schäfers
Journal: Leukemia (2022)

The randomized PETAL trial failed to demonstrate a benefit of interim FDG-PET (iPET)-based treatment intensification over continued standard therapy with CHOP (plus rituximab (R) in CD20-positive lymphomas). We hypothesized that PET analysis of all lymphoma manifestations may identify patients who benefitted from treatment intensification. A previously developed neural network was employed for iPET analysis to identify the highest pathological FDG uptake (max-SUVAI) and the mean FDG uptake of all lymphoma manifestations (mean-SUVAI). High mean-SUVAI uptake was determined separately for iPET-positive and iPET-negative patients. The endpoint was time-to-progression (TTP). There was a significant interaction of additional rituximab and mean-SUVAI in the iPET-negative group (HR = 0.6, p < 0.05). Patients with high mean-SUVAI had significantly prolonged TTP when treated with 6xR-CHOP + 2 R (not reached versus 52 months, p < 0.05), whereas max-SUVmanual failed to show an impact of additional rituximab. In the iPET-positive group, patients with high mean-SUVAI had a significantly longer TTP with (R-)CHOP than with the Burkitt protocol (14 versus 4 months, p < 0.01). Comprehensive iPET evaluation may provide new prognosticators in aggressive lymphoma. Additional application of rituximab was associated with prolonged TTP in iPET-negative patients with high mean-SUVAI. Comprehensive iPET interpretation could identify high-risk patients who benefit from study-specific interventions.
Aberrant function of pathogenic STAT3 mutant proteins is linked to altered stability of monomers and homodimers
Authors: Moses M. Kasembeli, Efiyenia Kaparos, Uddalak Bharadwaj, Ahmad Allaw, Alain Khouri, Bianca Acot, David J. Tweardy
Journal: Blood (2022)

Abstract STAT3 mutations, predominantly in the DNA-binding domain (DBD) and Src-homology 2 domain (SH2D), cause rare cases of immunodeficiency, malignancy, and autoimmunity. The exact mechanisms by which these mutations abrogate or enhance STAT3 function are not completely understood. Here, we examined how loss-of-function (LOF) and gain-of-function (GOF) STAT3 mutations within the DBD and SH2D affect monomer and homodimer protein stability as well as their effect on key STAT3 activation events, including recruitment to phosphotyrosine (pY) sites within peptide hormone receptors, tyrosine phosphorylation at Y705, dimerization, nuclear translocation, and DNA binding. The DBD LOF mutants showed reduced DNA binding when homodimerized, whereas the DBD GOF mutants showed increased DNA binding. DBD LOF and GOF mutants showed minimal changes in other STAT3 functions or in monomer or homodimer protein stability. However, SH2D LOF mutants demonstrated reduced conformational stability as either monomers or homodimers, leading to decreased pY-peptide recruitment, tyrosine phosphorylation, dimerization, nuclear localization, and DNA binding. In contrast, cancer-causing SH2D GOF mutants showed increased STAT3 homodimer stability, which increased their DNA binding. Of note, a small-molecule inhibitor of STAT3 that targets the tyrosine phosphopeptide–binding pocket within the STAT3 SH2D potently inhibited cell proliferation driven by STAT3 SH2D GOF mutants. These findings indicate that the stability of STAT3 protein monomer and homodimer is critical for the pathogenesis of diseases caused by SH2D LOF and GOF mutations and suggest that agents that modulate STAT3 monomer and/or homodimer protein stability may have therapeutic value in diseases caused by these mutations.
Re-establishment of the digestive lumen in a postesophagectomy anastomotic atresia under endoscopic ultrasound guidance
Authors: Zheng Zhang, Haiying Zhao, Zhen He, Shutian Zhang, Peng Li
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

A 71-year-old man was referred to our department with a post-esophagectomy anastomotic atresia. Nine months previously, he had undergone transhiatal esophagectomy for esophageal intramucosal squamous carcinoma. Frustratingly, he developed a serious post-esophagectomy stenosis. Several esophageal bouginage and stent procedures failed to stop the progressive stenosis. Finally, a jejunal nutrition tube was placed for feeding, piercing the epigastric skin.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection with red dichromatic imaging for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy
Authors: Ako Kikuchi, Yosuke Toya, Yasuhisa Fujino, Shunichi Yanai, Takayuki Matsumoto
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with esophageal varices (EVs) remains a challenging procedure with a high risk of bleeding. Recently, red dichromatic imaging (RDI) was developed as a new image-enhancing endoscopic technique. Under RDI, blood vessels in the deep submucosa can be easily and readily recognized [1]. RDI has been reported to improve the visibility of EVs [2] and to be effective for preventing bleeding in esophageal ESD, especially during submucosal injection [3] [4].
One-month humoral response following two or three doses of messenger RNA coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines as primary vaccination in specific populations in France: first results from the Agence Nationale Recherche contre le Sida (ANRS)0001S COV-POPART cohort
Authors: Paul Loubet, Linda Wittkop, Laetitia Ninove, Mathieu Chalouni, Benoit Barrou, Jean-Yves Blay, Maryvonne Hourmant, Eric Thouvenot, Martine Laville, Bruno Laviolle, Jean-Daniel Lelievre, Jacques Morel, Stéphanie Nguyen Quoc, Jean-Philippe Spano, Benjamin Terrier, Anne Thiebaut, Jean-Francois Viallard, François Vrtovsnik, Sophie Circosta, Laure Esterle, Axel Levier, Philippe Vanhems, Eric Tartour, Beatrice Parfait, Xavier de Lamballerie, Odile Launay
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2022)
NCCN News
Authors: Zhaoping Li, Alicia Morgans, Vivek Narayan, Camille Ragin, Daniel Geynisman, Fox Chase, Balaji Tamarappoo
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022)

The NCCN Oncology Research Program (ORP) announced a collaboration with Pfizer and Myovant Sciences to fund research projects seeking to improve cardiovascular management of patients with prostate cancer being treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)."Cardiovascular disease is an important comorbid condition in many patients living with prostate cancer,
On-demand targeting nanotheranostics with stimuli-responsive releasing property to improve delivery efficiency to cancer
Authors: Hongwei Lu, Ji Xu, Jinfan Yang, Zhongling Wang, Peng Xu, Qian Hao, Wen Luo, Shuaijun Li, Zhengqing Li, Xiangdong Xue, Hongbo Zheng, Zhangjian Zhou, Hao Wu, Xiaobin Ma, Yuanpei Li
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)
Relationship Between Longitudinal Coping Strategies and Outcomes in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Hermioni L. Amonoo, Elizabeth Daskalakis, Emma C. Deary, Monica H. Bodd, Matthew J. Reynolds, Ashley M. Nelson, Richard Newcomb, Tejaswini M. Dhawale, Daniel Yang, Selina M. Luger, Jillian L. Gustin, Andrew Brunner, Amir T. Fathi, Thomas W. LeBlanc, Areej El-Jawahri
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022)

Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) face an abrupt life-threatening illness and experience immense physical and psychological symptoms. However, no data describe how patients with AML cope longitudinally with their illness or the relationship between longitudinal coping and outcomes.We conducted a secondary analysis of longitudinal data from 160 patients with high-risk AML enrolled in a supportive care intervention trial to describe coping strategies longitudinally across the illness course. We used the Brief COPE questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist-Civilian Version, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Leukemia to measure coping strategies, psychological distress, and quality of life (QoL) at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, 12, and 24 after diagnosis. Electronic health records were used to assess healthcare utilization and end-of-life (EoL) outcomes, and multivariate analyses were used to assess the relationship between coping and outcomes.Longitudinal utilization of approach-oriented coping strategies was significantly associated with less distress (anxiety: β, -0.18; P&lt;.001; depression symptoms: β, -0.42; P&lt;.001; PTSD symptoms: β, -0.60; P&lt;.001) and better QoL (β, 2.00; P&lt;.001). Longitudinal utilization of avoidant coping strategies was significantly associated with greater distress (anxiety: β, 0.64; depression symptoms: β, 0.54; PTSD symptoms: β, 2.13; P&lt;.001 for all) and worse QoL (β, -4.27; P&lt;.001). Although the use of approach-oriented and avoidant coping strategies was not significantly associated with hospitalization, chemotherapy administration, or hospice use in the last 30 days of life, approach-oriented coping was associated with lower odds of ICU admissions (odds ratio, 0.92; P=.049).Longitudinal use of approach-oriented coping strategies was associated with less psychological distress, better QoL, and a lower likelihood of ICU admission, suggesting a possible target for supportive oncology interventions. Coping strategies did not impact EoL outcomes, and further research is needed to elucidate which patient factors impact EoL decision-making.
Immune-Related Adverse Events Among COVID-19–Vaccinated Patients With Cancer Receiving Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Adam J. Widman, Bevin Cohen, Vivian Park, Tara McClure, Jedd Wolchok, Mini Kamboj
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022)

Background: Whether COVID-19 vaccination and the associated immune response increases susceptibility to immune-related adverse events (irAEs) among patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) remains unknown. Short-term follow-up can assess the safety of concurrent administration of the vaccine and ICI treatment. Methods: We conducted an electronic health record analysis of a cohort of 408 patients with cancer receiving ICI therapy and who were vaccinated for COVID-19 between January 16 and March 27, 2021. Patients were seen in follow-up for 90 days from the day of the first dose in this single-institution tertiary care center. We evaluated the incidence of irAEs and the frequency of each event type and grade among patients who experienced an irAE. We also evaluated the incidence of irAEs in patients who began a new immunotherapy agent after vaccination. Results: Among 408 patients with cancer receiving ICI therapy (median age, 71 years; 217 [53%] male), administration of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine within 90 days of ICI treatment was not associated with an increased incidence of irAEs. A total of 27 (7%) patients experienced a new irAE within the observation period. Among patients with previous irAEs from ICIs (n=54), 3 (6%) experienced a recurrent irAE, and of those initiating a new immunotherapy (n=52), 9 (17%) experienced an irAE. No excess risk of COVID-19 diagnosis was seen in this subset of patients receiving ICI therapy, and no breakthrough COVID-19 cases were seen after full COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusions: These findings should reassure providers that COVID-19 vaccination during ICI therapy is safe and efficacious.
Exceptional Response to Erdafitinib in FGFR2-Mutated Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Camille F. Ng, John Glaspy, Veronica R. Placencio-Hickok, Shant Thomassian, Jun Gong, Arsen Osipov, Andrew E. Hendifar, Natalie Moshayedi
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022)

Despite advances in cancer therapeutics, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains among the deadliest malignancies, with a poor prognosis at time of diagnosis. Research in PDAC has suggested that adaptive signaling in the tumor microenvironment may promote tumor proliferation and survival. Several FGFR fusion genes—specifically FGFR2 —are involved with the creation and progression of cancer. These mutations are found in a variety of cancer types. This report presents a unique case of a young patient with stage IV PDAC with a known FGFR2 fusion. This molecular alteration afforded a remarkable response to FGFR inhibitor therapy, erdafitinib, after the patient experienced disease progression on multiple chemotherapy regimens.
NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Survivorship, Version 1.2022
Authors: Tara Sanft, Andrew Day, Lindsay Peterson, M. Alma Rodriguez, Shannon Ansbaugh, Saro Armenian, K. Scott Baker, Tarah Ballinger, Gregory Broderick, Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, Kristin Dickinson, Nathan Paul Fairman, Debra L. Friedman, Mindy Goldman, Norah Lynn Henry, Christine Hill-Kayser, Melissa Hudson, Nazanin Khakpour, Divya Koura, Allison L. McDonough, Michelle Melisko, Kathi Mooney, Halle C.F. Moore, Natalie Moryl, Heather Neuman, Tracey O’Connor, Linda Overholser, Electra D. Paskett, Chirayu Patel, William Pirl, Andrea Porpiglia, Kathryn J. Ruddy, Lidia Schapira, Lillie Shockney, Sophia Smith, Karen L. Syrjala, Amye Tevaarwerk, Eric H. Yang, Phyllis Zee, Nicole R. McMillian, Deborah A. Freedman-Cass
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022)

The NCCN Guidelines for Survivorship are intended to help healthcare professionals who work with survivors to ensure that the survivors’ complex and varied needs are addressed. The NCCN Guidelines provide screening, evaluation, and treatment recommendations for the consequences of adult-onset cancer and its treatment; recommendations to help promote physical activity, weight management, and immunizations in survivors; and a framework for care coordination. This article summarizes updates to the NCCN Guidelines pertaining to preventive health for cancer survivors, including recommendations about alcohol consumption and vaccinations.