tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Timing of restoration of bowel continuity after decompressing stoma, in left-sided obstructive colon cancer: a nationwide retrospective cohort
Authors: Bobby Zamaray, Joyce V. Veld, Richard Brohet, Esther C.J. Consten, Pieter J. Tanis, Erik L. van Westreenen
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: With increasing use of decompressing stoma as bridge to surgery for left-sided obstructive colon cancer, timing of restoration of bowel continuity (ROBC) is a subject of debate. There is a lack of data on immediate ROBC during elective resection as alternative for a 3-stage procedure. This study analysed if immediate ROBC during tumour resection is safe and of any benefit for patients who underwent decompressing stoma for left-sided obstructive colon cancer. Methods: In a Dutch nationwide collaborative research project, 3153 patients who underwent resection for left-sided obstructive colon cancer in 75 hospitals (2009-2016) were identified. Extensive data on disease and procedural characteristics, and outcomes was collected by local collaborators. For this analysis, 332 patients who underwent decompressing stoma followed by curative resection were selected. Immediate ROBC during tumour resection was compared to two no immediate ROBC groups, (1) tumour resection with primary anastomosis (PA) with leaving the decompressing stoma in situ, and (2) tumour resection without PA. Results: Immediate ROBC was performed in 113 patients (34.0%) and no immediate ROBC in 219 patients (168 with PA (50.6%) and 51 patients without PA (15.4%)). No differences at baseline between the groups were found for age, ASA score, cT and cM. Major surgical complications (8.8% immediate ROBC vs. 4.8% PA with decompressing stoma and 7.8% no PA; P =0.37) and mortality (2.7% vs. 2.4% and 0%, respectively; P =0.52) were similar. Immediate ROBC resulted in a shorter time with a stoma (mean 41 vs. 240 and 314 days, respectively; P &lt;0.001), and fewer permanent stomas (7% vs. 21% and 80%, respectively; P &lt;0.001) as compared to PA with decompressing stoma or no PA. Conclusion: After decompressing stoma for left-sided obstructive colon cancer, immediate ROBC during elective resection appears safe, reduces the total time with a stoma and the risk of a permanent stoma.
Efficacy of electroacupuncture in improving postoperative ileus in patients receiving colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hsiao-Tien Chen, Kuo-Chuan Hung, Yen-Ta Huang, Jheng-Yan Wu, Chung-Hsi Hsing, Chien-Ming Lin, I-Wen Chen, Cheuk-Kwan Sun
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) in improving postoperative ileus after colorectal surgery.
Adhesive, Flexible, and Fast Degradable 3D‐Printed Wound Dressings with a Simple Composition
Authors: Yu Hu, Hao Tang, Nan Xu, Xiaowo Kang, Weijun Wu, Chuhan Shen, Junsheng Lin, Yinyin Bao, Xingyu Jiang, Zhi Luo
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract 3D printing technology has revolutionized the field of wound dressings, offering tailored solutions with mechanical support to facilitate wound closure. In addition to personalization, the intricate nature of the wound healing process requires wound dressing materials with diverse properties, such as moisturization, flexibility, adhesion, anti‐oxidation and degradability. Unfortunately, current materials used in digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing have been inadequate in meeting these crucial criteria. This study introduces a novel DLP resin that is biocompatible and consists of only three commonly employed non‐toxic compounds in biomaterials, that is, dopamine, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, and N ‐vinylpyrrolidone. Simple as it is, this material system fulfills all essential functions for effective wound healing. Unlike most DLP resins that are non‐degradable and rigid, this material exhibits tunable and rapid degradation kinetics, allowing for complete hydrolysis within a few hours. Furthermore, the high flexibility enables conformal application of complex dressings in challenging areas such as finger joints. Using a difficult‐to‐heal wound model, the manifold positive effects on wound healing in vivo, including granulation tissue formation, inflammation regulation, and vascularization are substantiated. The simplicity and versatility of this material make it a promising option for personalized wound care, holding significant potential for future translation.
Electrically Controlled Vasodilator Delivery from PEDOT/Silica Nanoparticle Modulates Vessel Diameter in Mouse Brain
Authors: Kevin M. Woeppel, Daniela D. Krahe, Elaine M. Robbins, Alberto L. Vazquez, Xinyan Tracy Cui
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Vascular damage and reduced tissue perfusion are expected to majorly contribute to the loss of neurons or neural signals around implanted electrodes. However, there are limited methods of controlling the vascular dynamics in tissues surrounding these implants. This work utilizes conducting polymer poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) and sulfonated silica nanoparticle composite (PEDOT/SNP) to load and release a vasodilator, sodium nitroprusside, to controllably dilate the vasculature around carbon fiber electrodes (CFEs) implanted in the mouse cortex. The vasodilator release is triggered via electrical stimulation and the amount of release increases with increasing electrical pulses. The vascular dynamics are monitored in real-time using two-photon microscopy, with changes in vessel diameters quantified before, during, and after the release of the vasodilator into the tissues. This work observes significant increases in vessel diameters when the vasodilator is electrically triggered to release, and differential effects of the drug release on vessels of different sizes. In conclusion, the use of nanoparticle reservoirs in conducting polymer-based drug delivery platforms enables the controlled delivery of vasodilator into the implant environment, effectively altering the local vascular dynamics on demand. With further optimization, this technology could be a powerful tool to improve the neural electrode-tissue interface and study neurovascular coupling.
UC Trials Get Standing Ovation
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2023)

Trials reported at the 2023 ESMO Congress showed significant improvements in median overall survival (OS)-for the first time ever-in patients newly diagnosed with advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who received combination therapies instead of standard chemotherapy. In one trial, median OS nearly doubled in patients who received the antibody-drug conjugate enfortumab vedotin combined with the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab compared with those who received standard chemotherapy-31.5 months versus 16.1 months. In a second trial, the combination of the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab and standard chemotherapy bested standard chemotherapy alone.
Identification of novel loci for multiple myeloma when comparing with its precursor condition monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance
Authors: Christopher Staffi Buradagunta, Shahram Arsang-Jang, Ben Massat, Bicky Thapa, Victoria Patek, Anita D’Souza, Paul Auer, Raul Urrutia, Siegfried Janz, Binod Dhakal, Parameswaran Hari, Jing Dong
Journal: Leukemia (2023)
Differential presentation of hypersensitivity reactions to carboplatin and oxaliplatin: Phenotypes, endotypes, and management with desensitization
Authors: Teodorikez‐Wilfox Jimenez‐Rodriguez, Leticia de las Vecillas, Marina Labella, Donna‐Marie Lynch, Kylie Marie Besz, Kathleen Marquis, Amparo Burgos, Victor Soriano Gomis, Inmaculada Lozano, Rosa Ana Montoyo Antón, Francisco Marco de la Calle, María Purificación González Delgado, Aurora Gutiérrez, Estefanía Montenegro, Fernando Rodríguez, Francisco Javier Fernández Sánchez, Mariana Castells
Journal: Allergy (2023)

Abstract Background Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) to platinum‐based drugs are heterogenous and restrict their access, and drug desensitization (DD) has provided a ground‐breaking procedure for their re‐introduction, although the response is heterogeneous. We aimed to identify the phenotypes, endotypes, and biomarkers of reactions to carboplatin and oxaliplatin and their response to DD. Methods Seventy‐nine patients presenting with DHRs to oxaliplatin ( N = 46) and carboplatin ( N = 33) were evaluated at the Allergy Departments of two tertiary care hospitals in Spain. Patient symptoms, skin testing, biomarkers, and outcomes of 267 DDs were retrospectively analyzed. Results Oxaliplatin‐reactive patients presented with type I (74%), cytokine release reaction (CRR) (11%), and mixed (Mx) (15%) phenotypes. In contrast, carboplatin reactive patients presented with predominantly type I (85%) and Mx (15%) but no CRRs. Out of 267 DDs, breakthrough reactions (BTRs) to oxaliplatin occurred twice as frequently as carboplatin (32% vs. 15%; p &lt; .05). Phenotype switching from type I to another phenotype was observed in 46% of oxaliplatin DDs compared to 21% of carboplatin DDs. Tryptase was elevated in type I and Mx reactions, and IL‐6 in CRR and Mx, indicating different mechanisms and endotypes. Conclusion Carboplatin and oxaliplatin induced three different types of reactions with defined phenotypes and endotypes amendable to DD. Although most of the initial reactions for both were type I, oxaliplatin presented with unique CRR reactions. During DD, carboplatin reactive patients presented mostly type I BTR, while oxaliplatin‐reactive patients frequently switched from type I to CRR, providing a critical difference and the need for personalized DD protocols.
Strengthening digital health equity by balancing techno-optimism and techno-skepticism through implementation science
Authors: Jorge A. Rodriguez, Courtney R. Lyles
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2023)

As result of the pandemic-related increase in telehealth and the 21st Century Cures Act, technology is playing an increasing role in healthcare. This has led to organizational investments in the "digital front door" of healthcare. The promise that these technologies can revolutionize care by better connecting us to our patients, overcoming analog barriers to care, and addressing health disparities is grounded in "techno-optimism." We advocate for organizational leaders to inform their digital health equity strategies with a balanced measure of "techno-skepticism", grounded in implementation science, that can ensure alignment between health technology and health equity.
Tuberculosis Testing and Latent Tuberculosis Infection Treatment Practices Among Health Care Providers — United States, 2020–2022
Authors: Elise Caruso, Joan M. Mangan, Allison Maiuri, Beth Bouwkamp, Nickolas DeLuca
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2023)

CDC recommends testing persons at increased risk for tuberculosis (TB) infection as part of routine health care, using TB blood tests, when possible, and, if a diagnosis of latent TB infection (LTBI) is made, prescribing a rifamycin-based, 3- or 4-month treatment regimen (short-course) to prevent the development of TB disease. In 2022, approximately three quarters (73%) of reported TB cases in the United States occurred among non-U.S.-born persons. To assess TB-related practices among health care providers (HCPs) in the United States, CDC analyzed data from the 2020-2022 Porter Novelli DocStyles surveys. Approximately one half (53.3%) of HCPs reported routinely testing non-U.S.-born patients for TB, and of those who did, 35.7% exclusively ordered recommended blood tests, 44.2% exclusively ordered skin tests, and 20.2% ordered TB skin tests and blood tests. One third (33.0%) of HCPs reported prescribing recommended short-course LTBI treatment regimens, and 4.0% reported doing none of the treatment practices available for patients with LTBI (i.e., prescribing short-course regimens, longer course regimens, or referring patients to a health department). Further efforts are needed to identify and overcome barriers for providers to test for and treat persons at risk for TB.
Tobacco Product Use Among U.S. Middle and High School Students — National Youth Tobacco Survey, 2023
Authors: Jan Birdsey, Monica Cornelius, Ahmed Jamal, Eunice Park-Lee, Maria R. Cooper, Jia Wang, Michael D. Sawdey, Karen A. Cullen, Linda Neff
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2023)

Tobacco product use during adolescence increases the risk for lifelong nicotine addiction and adverse health consequences. CDC and the Food and Drug Administration analyzed data from the 2023 National Youth Tobacco Survey to assess tobacco product use patterns among U.S. middle school (grades 6-8) and high school (grades 9-12) students. In 2023, 10.0% of middle and high school students (2.80 million) reported current (i.e., past 30-day) use of any tobacco product. Current use of any tobacco product by high school students declined by an estimated 540,000, from 2.51 million in 2022 to 1.97 million in 2023. From 2022 to 2023, current e-cigarette use among high school students declined from 14.1% to 10.0%. Among middle and high school students, e-cigarette products were the most used tobacco product in 2023 (7.7%; 2.13 million), followed by cigarettes (1.6%), cigars (1.6%), nicotine pouches (1.5%), smokeless tobacco (1.2%), other oral nicotine products (1.2%), hookahs (1.1%), heated tobacco products (1.0%), and pipe tobacco (0.5%). Among students who had ever used an e-cigarette, 46.7% reported current use. In 2023, among students reporting current e-cigarette use, 89.4% used flavored products and 25.2% used an e-cigarette daily; the most commonly reported brands were Elf Bar, Esco Bars, Vuse, JUUL, and Mr. Fog. Given the number of middle and high school students that use tobacco products, sustained efforts to prevent initiation of tobacco product use among young persons and strategies to help young tobacco users quit are critical to reducing U.S. youth tobacco product use.
Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2019 and 2020 — National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2020–2022
Authors: Holly A. Hill, David Yankey, Laurie D. Elam-Evans, Michael Chen, James A. Singleton
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2023)

National Immunization Survey-Child data collected in 2022 were combined with data from previous years to assemble birth cohorts and assess coverage with routine vaccines by age 24 months by birth cohort. Overall, vaccination coverage was similar among children born during 2019-2020 compared with children born during 2017-2018, except that coverage with both the birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine and ≥1 dose of hepatitis A vaccine increased. Coverage was generally higher among non-Hispanic White (White) children (2-21 percentage points higher than coverage for non-Hispanic Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, and non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native [AI/AN] children), children living at or above poverty (3.5-22 percentage points higher than coverage for children living below the federal poverty level), privately insured children (2.4-38 percentage points higher than coverage for children with Medicaid, other insurance, or no insurance), and children in urban areas (3-16.5 percentage points higher than coverage for children living in rural areas). Coverage with the full series of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine was lower among AI/AN children compared with White children. Trends in vaccination coverage disparities across categories of race and ethnicity, health insurance status, poverty status, and urbanicity were evaluated for the 2016-2020 birth cohorts. Fewer than 5% of 168 trends examined were statistically significant, including six increases (widening of the coverage gap) and one decrease (narrowing of the gap). Analyses revealed a widening of the gap between children living at or above the poverty level (higher coverage) and those living below poverty (lower coverage), for several vaccines. Socioeconomic, demographic, and geographic disparities in vaccination coverage persist; addressing them is important to ensure protection for all children against vaccine-preventable disease.
Reply: Tuberculosis screening in migrants to the EU/EEA and UK
Authors: Dominik Zenner, Frank Cobelens, Ibrahim Abubakar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2023)

We would like to thank N. Köhler and co-workers for their correspondence regarding our recent paper [1], comparing and contrasting it with their large pan-European study. Their study collected aggregate country-specific tuberculosis (TB) incidence rates as measured by infectious disease surveillance systems in the country of arrival (CoA) [2] and compared these to World Health Organization (WHO) TB incidence estimates from their respective country of origin (CoO). The authors found considerable differences between these incidence rates and conclude that there are many factors, other than incidence in the CoO, which determine TB risk. The authors therefore call for more granular screening policies which consider a wider range of factors including country-specific incidence as measured in CoAs. Tuberculosis incidence estimates from countries of origin alone are often insufficient to predict TB prevalence among migrants https://bit.ly/3PDc35g We would like to thank all our study collaborators, including Daniella Brals, Joanna Nederby-Öhd, Dee Menezes, Robert Aldridge, Sarah R. Anderson, Gerard de Vries, Connie Erkens, Valentina Marchese, Alberto Matteelli, Morris Muzyamba, Job van Rest, Ineke Spruijt, John Were, Giovanni Battista Migliori and Knut Lönnroth for their ongoing support and critical review.
Tuberculosis screening in migrants to the EU/EEA and UK
Authors: Niklas Köhler, Anca Vasiliu, Anna Maria Mandalakas, Leonardo Martinez, Christoph Lange
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2023)

<h3>Tweetable abstract</h3> <b>Tuberculosis screening polices in EU/EEA countries should be informed by national or regional data for the tuberculosis risk of migrants in their new country of residence, not only by WHO estimates of incidences in the country of origin</b> https://bit.ly/3OybcCe
Viewpoint: activin signalling inhibitors for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Marc Humbert
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2023)

<h3>Tweetable abstract</h3> <b>The US Food and Drug Administration has agreed to review an application seeking approval of the activin signalling inhibitor sotatercept as a treatment for adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension</b>https://bit.ly/46zBDPS
Multi-scale characterisation of homologous recombination deficiency in breast cancer
Authors: Daniel H. Jacobson, Shi Pan, Jasmin Fisher, Maria Secrier
Journal: Genome Medicine (2023)

Homologous recombination is a robust, broadly error-free mechanism of double-strand break repair, and deficiencies lead to PARP inhibitor sensitivity. Patients displaying homologous recombination deficiency can be identified using 'mutational signatures'. However, these patterns are difficult to reliably infer from exome sequencing. Additionally, as mutational signatures are a historical record of mutagenic processes, this limits their utility in describing the current status of a tumour.
Markers of intestinal mucositis to predict blood stream infections at the onset of fever during treatment for childhood acute leukemia
Authors: Sarah Weischendorff, Mathias Rathe, Malene Johanne Petersen, Allan Weimann, Christian Enevold, Claus H. Nielsen, Bodil Als-Nielsen, Ulrikka Nygaard, Claus Moser, Klaus Müller
Journal: Leukemia (2023)

Abstract Despite chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis being a main risk factor for blood stream infections (BSIs), no studies have investigated mucositis severity to predict BSI at fever onset during acute leukemia treatment. This study prospectively evaluated intestinal mucositis severity in 85 children with acute leukemia, representing 242 febrile episodes (122 with concurrent neutropenia) by measuring plasma levels of citrulline (reflecting enterocyte loss), regenerating islet-derived-protein 3α (REG3α, an intestinal antimicrobial peptide) and CCL20 (a mucosal immune regulatory chemokine) along with the general neutrophil chemo-attractants CXCL1 and CXCL8 at fever onset. BSI was documented in 14% of all febrile episodes and in 20% of the neutropenic febrile episodes. In age-, sex-, diagnosis- and neutrophil count-adjusted analyses, decreasing citrulline levels and increasing REG3α and CCL20 levels were independently associated with increased odds of BSI (OR = 1.6, 1.5 and 1.7 per halving/doubling, all p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, higher CXCL1 and CXCL8 levels increased the odds of BSI (OR = 1.8 and 1.7 per doubling, all p &lt; 0.0001). All three chemokines showed improved diagnostic accuracy compared to C-reactive protein and procalcitonin. These findings underline the importance of disrupted intestinal integrity as a main risk factor for BSI and suggest that objective markers for monitoring mucositis severity may help predicting BSI at fever onset.
Global Cancer Surgery: pragmatic solutions to improve cancer surgery outcomes worldwide
Authors: Chandrakanth Are, Shilpa S Murthy, Richard Sullivan, Makayla Schissel, Sanjib Chowdhury, Olesegun Alatise, Daniel Anaya, Madhuri Are, Charles Balch, David Bartlett, Murray Brennan, Lydia Cairncross, Matthew Clark, S V S Deo, Vikas Dudeja, Domenico D'Ugo, Ibtihal Fadhil, Armando Giuliano, Satish Gopal, Lily Gutnik, Andre Ilbawi, Pankaj Jani, T Peter Kingham, Laura Lorenzon, Premila Leiphrakpam, Augusto Leon, Hector Martinez-Said, Kelly McMasters, David O Meltzer, Miriam Mutebi, Syed Nabeel Zafar, Vibhavari Naik, Lisa Newman, Alexandre Ferreira Oliveira, Do Joong Park, C S Pramesh, Saieesh Rao, T Subramanyeshwar Rao, Enrique Bargallo-Rocha, Anya Romanoff, Anne F Rositch, Isabel T Rubio, Heber Salvador de Castro Ribeiro, Eman Sbaity, Maheswari Senthil, Lynette Smith, Masakazi Toi, Kiran Turaga, Ujwal Yanala, Cheng-Har Yip, Ashraf Zaghloul, Benjamin O Anderson
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2023)
Blood eosinophil-guided oral prednisolone for COPD exacerbations in primary care in the UK (STARR2): a non-inferiority, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sanjay Ramakrishnan, Helen Jeffers, Beverly Langford-Wiley, Joanne Davies, Samantha J Thulborn, Mahdi Mahdi, Christine A'Court, Ian Binnian, Stephen Bright, Simon Cartwright, Victoria Glover, Alison Law, Robin Fox, Adam Jones, Christopher Davies, David Copping, Richard EK Russell, Mona Bafadhel
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2023)

Systemic glucocorticoids are recommended for use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations; however, there is increased harm associated with their use. We hypothesised that the use of eosinophil biomarker-directed oral prednisolone therapy at the time of an exacerbation of COPD was effective at reducing prednisolone use without affecting adverse outcomes.
Efficacy and safety of TV-46000, a long-acting, subcutaneous, injectable formulation of risperidone, for schizophrenia: a randomised clinical trial in the USA and Bulgaria
Authors: John M Kane, Eran Harary, Roy Eshet, Orna Tohami, Mark Weiser, Stefan Leucht, Avia Merenlender-Wagner, Nir Sharon, Glen L Davis, Mark Suett, Kelli R Franzenburg, Christoph U Correll
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2023)