tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prospective surveillance of human adenovirus in acute respiratory infections reveals epidemiological features and the disappearance of species B during the COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing, China
Authors: Maozhong Li, Qin Luo, Cheng Gong, Ai Hua Li, Mei Dong, Herun Zhang, Xue Wang, Ming Luo, Yiting Wang, Hui Xie, Lu Kang, Qi Huang, Lili Ren, Fang Huang
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Autologous exosome facilitates load and target delivery of bioactive peptides to repair spinal cord injury
Authors: Ning Ran, Wenxiang Li, Renjie Zhang, Caorui Lin, Jianping Zhang, Zhijian Wei, Zonghao Li, Zhongze Yuan, Min Wang, Baoyou Fan, Wenyuan Shen, Xueying Li, Hengxing Zhou, Xue Yao, Xiaohong Kong, Shiqing Feng
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes motor, sensory and automatic impairment due to rarely axon regeneration. Developing effective treatment for SCI in the clinic is extremely challenging because of the restrictive axonal regenerative ability and disconnection of neural elements after injury, as well as the limited systemic drug delivery efficiency caused by blood spinal cord barrier. To develop an effective non-invasive treatment strategy for SCI in clinic, we generated an autologous plasma exosome (AP-EXO) based biological scaffold where AP-EXO was loaded with neuron targeting peptide (RVG) and growth-facilitating peptides (ILP and ISP). This scaffold can be targeted delivered to neurons in the injured area and elicit robust axon regrowth across the lesion core to the levels over 30-fold greater than naïve treatment, thus reestablish the intraspinal circuits and promote motor functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice. More importantly, in ex vivo, human plasma exosomes (HP-EXO) loaded with combinatory peptides of RVG, ILP and ISP showed safety and no liver and kidney toxicity in the application to nude SCI mice. Combining the efficacy and safety, the AP-EXO-based personalized treatment confers functional recovery after SCI and showed immense promising in biomedical applications in treating SCI. It is helpful to expand the application of combinatory peptides and human plasma derived autologous exosomes in promoting regeneration and recovery upon SCI treatment.
The female protective effect against autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Emilie M. Wigdor, Daniel J. Weiner, Jakob Grove, Jack M. Fu, Wesley K. Thompson, Caitlin E. Carey, Nikolas Baya, Celia van der Merwe, Raymond K. Walters, F. Kyle Satterstrom, Duncan S. Palmer, Anders Rosengren, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, David M. Hougaard, Preben Bo Mortensen, Mark J. Daly, Michael E. Talkowski, Stephan J. Sanders, Somer L. Bishop, Anders D. Børglum, Elise B. Robinson
Journal: Cell Genomics (2022)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed three to four times more frequently in males than in females. Genetic studies of rare variants support a female protective effect (FPE) against ASD. However, sex differences in common inherited genetic risk for ASD are less studied, particularly within families. Leveraging the Danish iPSYCH resource, we found siblings of female ASD cases (n = 1,707) had higher rates of ASD than siblings of male ASD cases (n = 6,270; p < 1.0 × 10−10). In the Simons Simplex and SPARK collections, mothers of ASD cases (n = 7,436) carried more polygenic risk for ASD than fathers of ASD cases (n = 5,926; 0.08 polygenic risk score [PRS] SD; p = 7.0 × 10−7). Further, male unaffected siblings under-inherited polygenic risk (n = 1,519; p = 0.03). Using both epidemiologic and genetic approaches, our findings strongly support an FPE against ASD’s common inherited influences.
Impact of gut microbiome on skin health: gut-skin axis observed through the lenses of therapeutics and skin diseases
Authors: Md. Rayhan Mahmud, Sharmin Akter, Sanjida Khanam Tamanna, Lincon Mazumder, Israt Zahan Esti, Sanchita Banerjee, Sumona Akter, Md. Rakibul Hasan, Mrityunjoy Acharjee, Md. Sajjad Hossain, Anna Maria Pirttilä
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

The human intestine hosts diverse microbial communities that play a significant role in maintaining gut-skin homeostasis. When the relationship between gut microbiome and the immune system is impaired, subsequent effects can be triggered on the skin, potentially promoting the development of skin diseases. The mechanisms through which the gut microbiome affects skin health are still unclear. Enhancing our understanding on the connection between skin and gut microbiome is needed to find novel ways to treat human skin disorders. In this review, we systematically evaluate current data regarding microbial ecology of healthy skin and gut, diet, pre- and probiotics, and antibiotics, on gut microbiome and their effects on skin health. We discuss potential mechanisms of the gut-skin axis and the link between the gut and skin-associated diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, rosacea, alopecia areata, and hidradenitis suppurativa. This review will increase our understanding of the impacts of gut microbiome on skin conditions to aid in finding new medications for skin-associated diseases.
Advances in 3D Bioprinting for Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine: From Matrix Design to Application
Authors: MoonSun Jung, Sarah Ghamrawi, Eric Y. Du, J. Justin Gooding, Maria Kavallaris
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

The tumor microenvironment is highly complex owing to its heterogeneous composition and dynamic nature. This makes tumors difficult to replicate using traditional 2D cell culture models that are frequently used for studying tumor biology and drug screening. This often leads to poor translation of results between in vitro and in vivo and is reflected in the extremely low success rates of new candidate drugs delivered to the clinic. Therefore, there has been intense interest in developing 3D tumor models in the laboratory that are representative of the in vivo tumor microenvironment and patient samples. 3D bioprinting is an emerging technology that enables the biofabrication of structures with the virtue of providing accurate control over distribution of cells, biological molecules, and matrix scaffolding. This technology has the potential to bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo by closely recapitulating the tumor microenvironment. Here, a brief overview of the tumor microenvironment is provided and key considerations in biofabrication of tumor models are discussed. Bioprinting techniques and choice of bioinks for both natural and synthetic polymers are also outlined. Lastly, current bioprinted tumor models are reviewed and the perspectives of how clinical applications can greatly benefit from 3D bioprinting technologies are offered.
Covid-19: Infection raises risk of diabetes and heart disease diagnoses in following weeks, study finds
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Covid-19: Infection raises risk of diabetes and heart disease diagnoses in following weeks, study finds Jacqui WisePatients who contract covid-19 are at increased risk of being diagnosed with cardiovascular disorders and diabetes in the three months following infection, although the risk then declines back to baseline levels, a large UK study has found. 1Researchers from King's College London say patients recovering from covid-19 should be advised to consider measures to reduce diabetes risk including adopting a healthy diet and taking exercise.1
Hairy Cell Leukemia
Authors: Agnieszka Janus, Tadeusz Robak
Journal: Leukemia (2022)

Hairy cell leukemia is a rare, indolent, chronic lymphoid neoplasm originating from a mature B lymphocyte. Diagnosis is based on hairy cell morphology, immunological phenotype by flow cytometry and/or immunohistochemistry in trephine biopsy, and the presence of BRAFV600E somatic mutation. In the classic form of the disease, the purine nucleoside analogues pentostatin and cladribine are recommended for the first-line treatment. These agents induce durable and unmaintained complete response in more than 70% of cases and up to 35% of patients demonstrate overall survival longer than 20 years. When rituximab is combined with cladribine in early relapse, complete response can be achieved in 89–100% of patients, with a three-year risk of relapse of only 7%. More recently, several new drugs have been introduced for the treatment of patients with hairy cell leukemia. Clinical trials have confirmed that the immunotoxin moxetumomab pasudotox, BRAF kinase inhibitors (vemurafenib and dabrafenib), and the Bruton kinase inhibitor ibrutinib are useful agents in the treatment of patients who are refractory to purine analogs.
Open spaces and a sense of belonging improve wellbeing
Authors: Helen Saul, Deniz Gursul, Samantha Cassidy, Rhiannon Corcoran
Journal: BMJ (2022)

The studyMcElroy E, Ashton M, Bagnall AM, et al. The individual, place, and wellbeing-a network analysis. BMC Public Health 2021;21:1621.To read the full NIHR Alert, go to: https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/open-spaces-and-community-cohesion-improve-wellbeing/.
A PIK3CA-mutant breast cancer metastatic patient-derived organoid approach to evaluate alpelisib treatment for multiple secondary lesions
Authors: Sara Donzelli, Mario Cioce, Andrea Sacconi, Francesca Zanconato, Theodora Daralioti, Frauke Goeman, Giulia Orlandi, Simona Di Martino, Vito Michele Fazio, Gabriele Alessandrini, Stefano Telera, Mariantonia Carosi, Gennaro Ciliberto, Claudio Botti, Sabrina Strano, Stefano Piccolo, Giovanni Blandino
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2022)
WHO concludes there’s “no place for cheap alcohol”
Authors: Sadie Boniface
Journal: BMJ (2022)

1. A comparison of pressor action of 11 alicyclic ethyl and propyl amines has been made in pithed dogs. 2. The most active compound is 2-methylamino-1-cyclopentyl-propane. It has a long duration of action, and is effective in raising blood pressure in dogs by mouth. 3. 2-Methylamino-1-cyclopentyl-propane has the usual effects of sympathomimetic amines on smooth muscle organs. 4. 2-Methylamino-1-cyclopentyl-propane has an acute toxicity in mice by intravenous injection between that of ephedrine and amphetamine. Continuous administration of this compound in food to rats in concentrations varying from 0.01 to 0.1 per cent for a period of 27 days does not result in pathological changes of visceral organs.
Early start of seasonal transmission and co-circulation of West Nile virus lineage 2 and a newly introduced lineage 1 strain, northern Italy, June 2022
Authors: Luisa Barzon, Fabrizio Montarsi, Erika Quaranta, Isabella Monne, Monia Pacenti, Alice Michelutti, Federica Toniolo, Patrizia Danesi, Giulio Marchetti, Federica Gobbo, Alessandro Sinigaglia, Silvia Riccetti, Emanuela Dal Molin, Laura Favero, Francesca Russo, Gioia Capelli
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

In spring 2022, Europe faced an unprecedented heatwave, increasing the risk of West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks. As early as 7 June 2022, WNV was detected in Culex mosquitoes in northern Italy, and - in the following days - in two blood donors, a patient with encephalitis, wild birds and additional mosquito pools. Genome sequencing demonstrated co-circulation of WNV lineage 2 and a newly introduced WNV lineage 1, which was discovered in the region in 2021.
Paediatric monkeypox patient with unknown source of infection, the Netherlands, June 2022
Authors: A Marceline Tutu van Furth, Martijn van der Kuip, Anne L van Els, Lydia CR Fievez, Gini GC van Rijckevorsel, Anton van den Ouden, Marcel Jonges, Matthijs RA Welkers
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

Since May 2022, an international monkeypox (MPX) outbreak has been ongoing in more than 50 countries. While most cases are men who have sex with men, transmission is not restricted to this population. In this report, we describe the case of a male child younger than 10 years with MPX in the Netherlands. Despite thorough source tracing, a likely source of infection has not been identified. No secondary cases were identified in close contacts.
Integrated use of laboratory services for multiple infectious diseases in the WHO European Region during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond
Authors: Daniel Simões, Soudeh Ehsani, Maja Stanojevic, Natalia Shubladze, Gulmira Kalmambetova, Roger Paredes, Daniela Maria Cirillo, Ana Avellon, Irina Felker, Florian P Maurer, Askar Yedilbayev, Francis Drobniewski, Lara Vojnov, Anne S Johansen, Nicole Seguy, Masoud Dara
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

Technical advances in diagnostic techniques have permitted the possibility of multi-disease-based approaches for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of several infectious diseases, including tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections (STI). However, in many countries, diagnosis and monitoring, as well as disease response programs, still operate as vertical systems, potentially causing delay in diagnosis and burden to patients and preventing the optimal use of available resources. With countries facing both human and financial resource constraints, during the COVID-19 pandemic even more than before, it is important that available resources are used as efficiently as possible, potential synergies are leveraged to maximise benefit for patients, continued provision of essential health services is ensured. For the infectious diseases, TB, HIV, hepatitis C (HCV) and STI, sharing devices and integrated services starting with rapid, quality-assured, and complete diagnostic services is beneficial for the continued development of adequate, efficient and effective treatment strategies. Here we explore the current and future potential (as well as some concerns), importance, implications and necessary implementation steps for the use of platforms for multi-disease testing for TB, HIV, HCV, STI and potentially other infectious diseases, including emerging pathogens, using the example of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Shared genetic susceptibility between trigger finger and carpal tunnel syndrome: a genome-wide association study
Authors: Benjamin Patel, Sam O Kleeman, Drew Neavin, Joseph Powell, Georgios Baskozos, Michael Ng, Waheed-Ul-Rahman Ahmed, David L Bennett, Annina B Schmid, Dominic Furniss, Akira Wiberg
Journal: The Lancet Rheumatology (2022)

Trigger finger and carpal tunnel syndrome are the two most common non-traumatic connective tissue disorders of the hand. Both of these conditions frequently co-occur, often in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. However, this phenotypic association is poorly understood. Hypothesising that the co-occurrence of trigger finger and carpal tunnel syndrome might be explained by shared germline predisposition, we aimed to identify a specific genetic locus associated with both diseases.In this genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified 2908 patients with trigger finger and 436579 controls from the UK Biobank prospective cohort. We conducted a case-control GWAS for trigger finger, followed by co-localisation analyses with carpal tunnel syndrome summary statistics. To identify putative causal variants and establish their biological relevance, we did fine-mapping analyses and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses, using fibroblasts from healthy donors (n=79) and tenosynovium samples from patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (n=77). We conducted a Cox regression for time to trigger finger and carpal tunnel syndrome diagnosis against plasma IGF-1 concentrations in the UK Biobank cohort.Phenome-wide analyses confirmed a marked association between carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger finger in the participants from UK Biobank (odds ratio [OR] 11·97, 95% CI 11·1-13·0; p<1 × 10-300). GWAS for trigger finger identified five independent loci, including one locus, DIRC3, that was co-localised with carpal tunnel syndrome and could be fine-mapped to rs62175241 (0·76, 0·68-0·84; p=5·03 × 10-13). eQTL analyses found a fibroblast-specific association between the protective T allele of rs62175241 and increased DIRC3 and IGFBP5 expression. Increased plasma IGF-1 concentrations were associated with both carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger finger in participants from UK Biobank (hazard ratio >1·04, p<0·02).In this GWAS, the DIRC3 locus on chromosome 2 was significantly associated with both carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger finger, possibly explaining their co-occurrence. The disease-protective allele of rs62175241 was associated with increased expression of long non-coding RNA DIRC3 and its transcriptional target, IGBP5, an antagonist of IGF-1 signalling. These findings suggest a model in which IGF-1 is a driver of both carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger finger, and in which the DIRC3-IGFBP5 axis directly antagonises fibroblastic IGF-1 signalling.Wellcome Trust, National Institute for Health Research, Medical Research Council.
Age estimation from sleep studies using deep learning predicts life expectancy
Authors: Andreas Brink-Kjaer, Eileen B. Leary, Haoqi Sun, M. Brandon Westover, Katie L. Stone, Paul E. Peppard, Nancy E. Lane, Peggy M. Cawthon, Susan Redline, Poul Jennum, Helge B. D. Sorensen, Emmanuel Mignot
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2022)

Sleep disturbances increase with age and are predictors of mortality. Here, we present deep neural networks that estimate age and mortality risk through polysomnograms (PSGs). Aging was modeled using 2500 PSGs and tested in 10,699 PSGs from men and women in seven different cohorts aged between 20 and 90. Ages were estimated with a mean absolute error of 5.8 ± 1.6 years, while basic sleep scoring measures had an error of 14.9 ± 6.29 years. After controlling for demographics, sleep, and health covariates, each 10-year increment in age estimate error (AEE) was associated with increased all-cause mortality rate of 29% (95% confidence interval: 20-39%). An increase from -10 to +10 years in AEE translates to an estimated decreased life expectancy of 8.7 years (95% confidence interval: 6.1-11.4 years). Greater AEE was mostly reflected in increased sleep fragmentation, suggesting this is an important biomarker of future health independent of sleep apnea.
Brian Moule
Authors: David McKendrick, Dorothy Anderson
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi; or Jakinibs) have become widely prescribed around the world for a variety of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, including psoriatic arthritis. A previous noninferiority surveillance study of patients aged &gt; 50 years with rheumatoid arthritis and ≥ 1 additional cardiac risk factor raised a number of safety concerns. This review focuses on available safety data from peer-reviewed publications, as well as the most recent presentations from major conferences highlighting JAKi-associated adverse effects. The safety data for several types of JAKi are reviewed. The latest available safety data for tofacitinib, upadacitinib, filgotinib, deucravacitinib, and brepocitinib is presented. In addition, the findings from the oral surveillance study will be discussed to put safety concerns into context.
Unbreak My Heart: Restore H <sub>2</sub> S and Branched Chain Amino Acid Oxidation in the Mitochondria
Authors: Krithika Rao, Sruti Shiva
Journal: Circulation Research (2022)

ydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) has emerged as a central gaseous signaling molecule that plays a significant role in cardiovascular homeostasis and disease.2][3] Notably, decreased levels of H 2 S have been associated with cardiovascular pathogenesis, 4,5 but the exact role of H 2 S production and signaling in heart failure (HF) remains unclear.In this issue of Circulation Research, Li et al demonstrate that diminished mitochondrial H 2 S production and signaling results in attenuated catabolism of branched chain amino acids (BCAA), which contributes to the pathogenesis of HF.
Roger John Mitchell
Authors: Andrew Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Mucinous epithelial ovarian cancer (mEOC) accounts for approximately 10% of EOCs. Patients presenting with early-stage disease have an excellent prognosis, however, those with advanced disease have a poor outcome with relative resistance to standard ovarian cancer chemotherapy. Molecular and genetic studies demonstrate differences between mucinous and serous EOC supporting the concept that these tumors develop along separate pathways. Together with the observed differences in clinical behavior and outcome for mEOC, there is a need to develop specific therapeutic strategies for this histologic subtype. The relative rarity of advanced mEOC has resulted in few patients enrolled in major ovarian cancer trials. The results of such trials may not necessarily reflect those specific to mEOC. Separate trials testing alternative chemotherapeutics are required. Metastatic mucinous tumors from other sites such as the gastrointestinal tract may present with ovarian involvement. For all mucinous tumors of the ovary, establishing primary as opposed to metastatic cancers is important. Clinical presentation, tumor markers, histologic, and immunohistochemical features are helpful in distinguishing most cases.
Workplace Perceptions and Experiences Related to COVID-19 Response Efforts Among Public Health Workers — Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey, United States, September 2021–January 2022
Authors: Rachel Hare Bork, Moriah Robins, Kay Schaffer, Jonathon P. Leider, Brian C. Castrucci
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2022)

The COVID-19 pandemic has strained many essential frontline professionals, including public health workers*; however, few studies have evaluated the specific challenges facing public health workers during this period. Data from the 2021 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PH WINS), a nationally representative survey of individual state and local governmental public health agency workers, provide insight into public health workers' demographic characteristics and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, tenure, and intention to leave their organization† (1). Surveyed governmental public health workers identified predominantly as non-Hispanic White (White), women, and aged >40 years; however, workforce characteristics differed by agency type. Overall, 72% of respondents reported working fully or partially in a COVID-19 response role at any point during March 2020-January 2022. An estimated 44% of workers reported that they were considering leaving their jobs within the next 5 years for retirement or other reasons. Of those considering leaving, 76% began thinking about leaving since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. When asked what was needed, besides funding, to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, 51% selected additional staff capacity. Survey findings highlight the importance of focused attention on recruitment and retention that promotes diversity (2) and workers with public health experience, which will be critical as the workforce rebuilds as the COVID-19 pandemic evolves.