tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Biotherapeutic Agents
Authors: Gary W. Elmer
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the potential of biotherapeutic agents (microorganisms with therapeutic properties) for the prevention and/or treatment of selected intestinal and vaginal infections. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —The MEDLINE database was searched for all relevant articles published between 1966 and September 1995. Search terms used were<i>biotherapeutic agent, probiotic, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces, Bifidobacterium, Candida, gastrointestinal-system, vaginitis, vaginosis-bacterial</i>, and related terms. The bibliographies of obtained articles were also reviewed. <h3>Study Selection and Data Extraction.</h3> —All placebo-controlled human studies on biotherapeutic agents were reviewed. English-language open trials, case series and reports, and animal studies were reviewed only if they were especially relevant to providing information on the potential efficacy, adverse effects, or mechanisms of action of these agents. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —Placebo-controlled studies have shown that biotherapeutic agents have been used successfully to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea (<i>Lactobacillus casei GG, Bifidobacteriumlongum, B longum</i>with<i>L acidophilus</i>, and<i>Saccharomyces boulardii</i>), to prevent acute infantile diarrhea (<i>Bifidobacterium bifidum</i>with<i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i>), to treat recurrent<i>Clostridium difficile</i>disease (<i>S boulardii</i>), and to treat various other diarrheal illnesses (<i>Enterococcus faecium</i>SF68,<i>L casei</i>GG, and<i>S boulardii</i>). There is also limited evidence for<i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>in the prevention of candidal vaginitis. Few adverse effects have been reported. However, many of the studies tested only small numbers of patients or volunteers. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —There is now evidence that administration of selected microorganisms is beneficial in the prevention and treatment of certain intestinal and, possibly, treatment of vaginal infections. In an effort to decrease the reliance on antimicrobials, the time has come to carefully explore the therapeutic applications of biotherapeutic agents. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;275:870-876)
Transient increase in interleukin-8 and pulmonary microvascular permeability following aortic surgery.
Authors: P G Raijmakers, A B Groeneveld, J A Rauwerda, A J Schneider, G J Teule, C E Hack, L G Thijs
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Aortic surgery results in ischemia/reperfusion of the lower body. This may liberate inflammatory mediators that activate neutrophils, and may result in lung microvascular changes with increased permeability and respiratory failure. We studied circulating inflammatory mediators and the pulmonary leak index (PLI) of 67Ga, a measure of transvascular transferrin transport and permeability, in patients scheduled for elective aortic and peripheral vascular surgery, before and after surgery. Aortic surgery patients in Groups 1 (n = 10) and 2 (n = 7) were studied before and at a median of 2.5 and 21.0 h after surgery, respectively. A control Group 3 (n = 6) was studied before and at a median of 2.9 h after peripheral vascular surgery. The PLI (median) increased from a median of 9.1 (range, 6.6 to 14.7) before to a median of 23.4 (range, 18.7 to 86.4) x 10(-3)/min after surgery in Group 1 but not in the other groups (p < 0.001). The postoperative increase in circulating neutrophils and elastase-alpha 1-antitrypsin, a marker of neutrophil activation, was similar among the groups. Plasma levels of activated complement 3a and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) did not change in any of the groups. In contrast, plasma levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) increased in Group 1 from < 3 (range, < 3 to 37) before to 324 (range, 36 to 868) pg/ml after surgery, but did not change in the other groups (p < 0.005). The decrease in plasma levels of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was greater in Group 1 than in the other groups (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hang Gliding
Authors: Ben Eiseman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Elsewhere in this issue (p 158), my colleagues and I have described an experience with injuries associated with a new sport: hang gliding, or sky-sailing. Because this exciting new sport can easily be practiced with relatively little expense in many parts of the country, an increasing number of associated injuries will begin to appear, and it behooves physicians to learn something of how they are incurred. The hang glider is an "unpowered, single place vehicle whose launch and landing capability depends entirely on the legs of the occupant and whose ability to remain in flight is generated by natural air currents alone."<sup>1</sup> Flight is initiated by running a few steps down a hillside or mountain, against the wind, at which point the kite-like glider generates sufficient lift to make the occupant airborne. The average flight in Colorado lasts one minute. The average sailor reaches no more than 76 meters
Hepatic artery infusion for recurrent or chemoresistant hepatic malignancy.
Authors: H. J. Wanebo, S. Reddy Sanikommu, V. Padmaja, C. Taneja, F. J. Cummings, G. Begossi, J. Belliveau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

351 Background: Previously treated hepatic colorectal metastases (CRC) and advanced hepatocellular cancer (HCC) are tumor challenges frequently unresponsive to systemic chemotherapy (CT). We reviewed survival outcome in chemoresistant/high-risk patients following hepatic artery infusion (HAI) in 21 CRC pts, 10 HCC pts, and 6 miscellaneous metastatic cancers. Methods: Patient groups: 21 CRC pts (16 M, 5 F), mean age 63, 16 had metachronous (DFI-17 mos), and 5 synchronous CA; liver extent: 76% multiple (&gt;5) mets or extensive bilateral, CEA (ng/m), &gt;100, 8 pts &gt; 50 (3 pts) &lt; 5 (3 pts) and NA = 7 pts. Previous CT:FU/LV (11pts), oxaliplatin (OX) or irinotecan (IR) (10 pts). Liver surgery: partial resection/RFA = 9 pts. HCC = 9 pts, cholangio CA (1), M/F 5/5; av. age 63. Previous RX hepatic lobectomy 4 pts, RFA/TACE = 3 patients. Miscellaneous GP (therapy): hepatic lobectomy + HAI were done in metastatic lung (1), breast (1), advanced gall bladder cancer (GBCA) (T 3-4) (2 pts); HAI alone was done in Br. CA (1) carcinoid (1) treatment protocols: CRC protocol: HAI-FUDR 12-15 mg/kg/d, dexamethasone 2mg.kg/d, leucovorin 20 mg/m 2 /d (14 d) plus bolus infusion (d1), oxaliplatin (OX) 130 mg/m 2 (or cisplatin (CIS) 100 mg/m 2 d1); systemic RX: d20-30. OX I.V. 130 mg/m 2 , capecitabine 750-1,000 mg/m 2 /d x 10 days (also used in Miscel. Grp.) HCC Protocol: HAI-14 d as in CRC Protocol. Bolus infusion d1-doxorubicin 75 mg/m 2 or OX or CIS as in CRC schema. Results: CRC:OS-CRC post start HAI = med/16mos., 2yr/5yr = 27%/6%. HCC OS = 9 mos. Median (3-12 mos in 9 evaluable pts.; 1 HCC pt, with recurrence 2 yr. post central hepatectomy was treated over 3.5 yrs. with HAI + RFA/TACE – (OS-67mo). Miscellaneous group included lung (11 mos) Br CA (23, 9 mos) adv. Carcinoid (3 mos), GBCA (2 pts &gt; 60 mos). Major complications: pump malfunction (4 pts), misperfusion (2) pts, infected pocket (2) pts, duodenal fistula (1) pt. Conclusions: Hepatic artery infusion alternating with systemic chemo therapy has apparent survival benefit in selected patients with persistent or progressive chemo resistant malignancy from metastatic CRC, HCC, or selected miscellaneous cancers (breast, lung, liver, gall bladder cancer) and warrants further study. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Textbook of Pediatric Intensive Care
Authors: Alan I. Fields
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Pediatric Intensive Care This is the third edition of a well-known text that has become a standard in pediatric intensive care units (ICUs). Readers familiar with past editions will find this one much more user-friendly. It now consists of a single volume instead of two, and textual references to tables are in bold print, allowing the reader to refer more easily between table and text. Otherwise, the organization remains similar to the second edition, with significant basic science, physiology, and literature review followed by treatment suggestions. Most chapters have been updated quite well, with a significant increase in the number of new tables and illustrations. I found the tables on the neuromuscular causes of respiratory failure to be very informative, allowing the physician to address the differential diagnosis more easily. The chapter "Cerebrovascular Disease and Vascular Anomalies" now appropriately includes the hypercoagulable states associated with pediatric strokes. In addition,
Occupational Hazards
Authors: Ted Louie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

It was a gray Sunday in late February 1993, no longer cold enough for skiing or ice-skating but still chilly and windy enough to be oppressive. As a senior medical resident, I was glad to have a rare weekend off. Unfortunately, my fiancée, also a resident, had to do rounds that morning. She had started to cough and feel fatigued the night before, and I had tried to persuade her to stay home, but she wouldn't consider it. That was Mei — strong-willed, no-nonsense, dedicated. When there was a job to do, she did it, with verve and passion and . . .
LAWRENCE JOSEPH HENDERSON (1878-1942) NATURAL PHILOSOPHER
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ochronosis
Authors: Berardo Di Matteo, Maurilio Marcacci
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

A 63-year-old man with alkaptonuria was admitted for right knee replacement. Intraoperatively, the surfaces of the tibia, femur, and patellar joint turned a dark grayish black. This condition, referred to as ochronosis, is a characteristic finding in patients with alkaptonuria.
COLPECTOMY
Authors: HAROLD E. SIMON
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Colpectomy is an operation which has fallen into an undeserved oblivion in this country largely because it involves the complete anatomic and physiologic loss of the vagina. However, simplicity of performance, safety, uniformly good results, and applicability to conditions not amenable to any of the reconstructive types of operation insure for it a permanent place among useful surgical procedures. <h3>LITERATURE</h3> In Europe, colpectomy enjoys considerable popularity; in America it is seldom employed and the indications for the operation as well as the technic of the procedure and its modifications have received scant mention in the literature. Procedures more extensive and much less uniformly satisfactory are sometimes attempted in patients in whom colpectomy is definitely indicated. Le Fort<sup>1</sup>in 1876 first described the central type of partial colpectomy for prolapse. His patient, aged 48 years, had a marked prolapse. He performed central colpectomy only at first and obtained a satisfactory
Preventing Scientific Fraud
Authors: David W. Noble
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Letters19 September 2006Preventing Scientific FraudDavid W. Noble, BMedBiol, MBChBDavid W. Noble, BMedBiol, MBChBFrom the Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-6-200609190-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR: Recent discussions of research misconduct (1, 2) highlight a continuing problem. Being a medical scientist does not make a person immune to human frailties. Indeed, far worse crimes have been committed by doctors (3). Medical publishers also have their frailties, perhaps striving too hard to publish medical investigations with the greatest impact or controversy. This may inadvertently encourage fraud. While accepting that institutions play their role to ensure the integrity of research conducted under their umbrella, journals and journal editors too must accept responsibility to ensure truthful reporting of results. Paying subscribers and nonpaying readers deserve quality ...References1. Sox HC, Rennie D. Research misconduct, retraction, and cleansing the medical literature: lessons from the Poehlman case. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:609-13. [PMID: 16522625] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Abbott A. Science comes to terms with the lessons of fraud. Nature. 1999;398:13-7. [PMID: 10078516] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Spitz V. Doctors from Hell. Boulder, CO: Sentient Publications; 2005. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: David W. Noble, BMedBiol, MBChBAffiliations: From the Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoResearch Misconduct, Retraction, and Cleansing the Medical Literature: Lessons from the Poehlman Case Harold C. Sox and Drummond Rennie Preventing Scientific Fraud Eugene Garfield , Marie McVeigh , and Marion Muff Preventing Scientific Fraud Dominique R. Garrel , Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret , and Pierre Boyle Preventing Scientific Fraud Harold C. Sox and Drummond Rennie Metrics Cited byPlagio y otros traspasos literario-científicos en medicina y particularmente en anestesiologíaA Case of Scientific MisconductPeer review and secrecy in the “Information Age” 19 September 2006Volume 145, Issue 6Page: 472KeywordsConflicts of interestCrimeFrailtyHealth care providersHealth care quality assessmentMotivationPatientsPeer reviewScientific misconductScientists ePublished: 19 September 2006 Issue Published: 19 September 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Does Quantity Mean Quality in Medical Procedures?
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Summaries for Patients17 September 2002Does Quantity Mean Quality in Medical Procedures?Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-6-200209170-00005 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Over the past 20 years, researchers and health care systems have had a growing interest in understanding what makes for high-quality care, with the ultimate goal of improving patient outcomes. One idea is that high volume may be linked to better outcomes (“practice makes perfect”). Many studies claim to have shown that patients under the care of physicians who frequently perform a particular surgery or other procedure are less likely to die or have complications. However, since other factors may influence patient care outcomes, it is difficult to ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Is Volume Related to Outcome in Health Care? A Systematic Review and Methodologic Critique of the Literature.” It is in the 17 September 2002 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 137, pages 511-520). The authors are EA Halm, C Lee, and MR Chassin.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoIs Volume Related to Outcome in Health Care? A Systematic Review and Methodologic Critique of the Literature Ethan A. Halm , Clara Lee , and Mark R. Chassin Metrics 17 September 2002Volume 137, Issue 6Page: I-52KeywordsCardiac surgeryHealth careHealth statisticsOrthopedic surgeryPancreatic cancerPatientsPediatric surgerySurgerySystematic reviewsThoracic surgery ePublished: 17 September 2002 Issue Published: 17 September 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Erratum: TNF defined as a therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases
Authors: Marc Feldmann, Ravinder N Maini
Journal: Nature Medicine (2003)

Nat. Med. 9, 1245–1250 (2003) A callout for Figure 3 should have been inserted on p. 1248. The last sentence of the first paragraph of column 3 should read, "...the relative rarity of sustained remission of disease (Fig. 3)." We regret the error.
Transplantation Characteristics, Morphologic Features, and Interpretation of Preputial Gland Neoplasia in the Fischer 344 Rat
Authors: R. R. Maronpot, Borge Ulland, John Mennear
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

Preputial gland neoplasms in the Fischer 344 rat are relatively uncommon tumors with a prevalence of approximately 3% in the National Toxicology Program data base. They occur late in life, are well differentiated, and rarely metastasize. Based on studies through 4 serial passages, 10 well-differentiated preputial gland neoplasms transplanted into the mammary fat pads of syngeneic recipients grew to 30 mm within 10 weeks. Recipients died or were sacrificed with large transplanted tumors within 6 months. The morphologic features of the transplanted neoplasms were similar to those of the primary neoplasms through the four passages. Proliferative lesions of the preputial glands comprise a morphological continuum and separation of these growths into categories of hyperplasia, adenoma, and carcinomas is based largely on cytological features and the degree of altered growth patterns. Morphologic features to assist in diagnosis of preputial gland neoplasms and recommendations for interpreting treatment-associated increases of these neoplasms are presented.
Understanding personality type: What do type dynamics tell us about life stages and stress reactions?
Authors: Anita Houghton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

In the eighth article of her series, Anita Houghton explains how preferences interact and develop over time In the first article of this series it was claimed that the beauty of psychological type is that it provides a simple framework to describe ways in which people differ, while allowing room for great depth and complexity within it. In this article we start to explore the complexity that is type dynamics. The dynamic nature of type means that for each type there is a hierarchy of preferences and these develop at different stages of our lives. Type dynamics are also important in understanding how different types respond to stress. The two central letters of a type denote the functions - for example, S and T are the functions of the type ESTJ. One of these functions is dominant (in bold), and operates in either the extravert or the introvert mode, depending on that type's preference,1 and the other letter denotes the second, auxiliary function. If the dominant function is extraverted, the auxiliary function will be introverted, and vice versa, thus providing balance and support for the dominant. In the type ESTJ, the dominant function is extraverted T, whereas the auxiliary is introverted S. There is then a tertiary function, which is the opposite of the auxiliary function (so if the auxiliary function is sensing, the tertiary function will be intuition), and finally, there is an inferior function, which is the opposite of the dominant function (see box 1 for example). ### Box 1: Example of dynamics - ESTJ Dominant function Extraverted thinking What this type does best Auxilliary function … RETURN TO TEXT
Error in Citation Order
Authors: Eric Coon, Ricardo Quinonez, Alan Schroeder
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2018)

solutions in this context are unnecessary and in fact result in worse outcomes.Mild acute gastroenteritis with minimal to no dehydration has been medicalized in developed countries.The leading commercial rehydration solution costs approximately $25 per liter.Parents are under the impression that they need to go buy this expensive drink or go back to a physician for advice about which drink to use.In fact, all they need to do is water down their child's preferred beverage, which is about 50 times cheaper (half-strength apple juice costs approximately 50 cents/L).
Hazards of leisure
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New Sulphonamides
Journal: BMJ (1959)

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