tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Vitamins on Chromium(VI)-Induced Damage
Authors: Masayasu Sugiyama
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The effects of vitamin E and vitamin B2 on DNA damage and cellular reduction of chromium(VI) were investigated using Chinese hamster V-79 cells. Pretreatment with alpha-tocopherol succinate (vitamin E) resulted in a decrease of DNA single-strand breaks produced by Na2CrO4, while similar treatment with riboflavin (vitamin B2) enhanced levels of DNA breaks. In contrast, levels of DNA-protein crosslinks induced by Na2CrO4 were unaffected by these vitamins. Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies showed that incubation of cells with Na2CrO4 resulted in the formation of both chromium(V) and chromium(III) complexes, and cellular pretreatment with vitamin E reduced the level of the chromium(V) complex, whereas pretreatment with vitamin B2 enhanced the level of this intermediate. However, the levels of chromium(III) were unchanged by these vitamins. The uptake of chromate was not affected by vitamin E or vitamin B2, nor were the levels of glutathione or glutathione reductase activity, which are both capable of reducing chromate. ESR studies demonstrated that a chromium(V) species was formed by the reaction of Na2CrO4 with vitamin B2 and that vitamin B2 enhanced the formation of hydroxyl radicals during the reaction of Na2CrO4 and hydrogen peroxide. Treatment cells with Na2CrO4 resulted in a decrease of glutathione reductase activity, and pretreatment with vitamin E restored the enzyme activity suppressed by this metal. However, pretreatment with vitamin B2 enhanced the inhibition of this enzyme by Na2CrO4. Using a colony-forming assay, pretreatment with vitamin E dramatically decreased the cytotoxicity of Na2CrO4, while pretreatment with vitamin B2 was found to result in only a decrease of cell lethality of this metal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
INSANITY AND RELIGIOUS EMOTION.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Green Foods and Vitamins
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neurogenic Inflammation: With Additional Discussion of Central and Perceptual Integration of Nonneurogenic Inflammation
Authors: Rebecca Bascom, William J. Meggs, Mark Frampton, Kenneth Hudnell, Kaye Killburn, Gerd Kobal, Michelle Medinsky, William Rea
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The Working Group on Neurogenic Inflammation proposed 11 testable hypotheses in the three domains of neurogenic inflammation, perceptual and central integration, and nonneurogenic inflammation.The working group selected the term people reporting chemical sensitivity (PRCS) to identify the primary subject group.In the domain of n6urogenic inflammation, testable hypothe- ses included: PRCS have an increased density of c-fiber neurons in symptomatic tissues; PRCS produce greater quantities of neuropeptides and prostanoids than nonsensitive subjects in response to exposure to low-level capsaicin or irritant chemicals; PRCS have an increased and prolonged response to exogenously administered c-fiber activators such as capsaicin; PRCS demonstrate augmentation of central autonomic reflexes following exposure to agents that produce c-fiber stimulation; PRCS have decreased quantities of neutral endopeptidase in their mucosa; exogenous neuropeptide challenge reproduces symptoms of PRCS.In the domain of perceptual and central integration, testable hypotheses included: PRCS have alterations in adaptation, habituation, cortical representation, perception, cognition, and hedonics compared to controls; the qualitative and quantitative interactions between trigeminal and olfactory systems are altered in PRCS; higher integration of sensory inputs is altered in PRCS.In the domain of nonneurogenic inflammation, testable hypotheses included: increased inflammation is present in PRCS in symptomatic tissues and is associated with a heightened neurosensory response; PRCS show an augmented inflammatory response to chemical exposure.The working group recommended that studies be initiated in these areas.-
CBIO-05. FATTY ACID OXIDATION IS REQUIRED FOR THE RESPIRATION AND PROLIFERATION OF MALIGNANT GLIOMA CELLS
Authors: Hua Lin, Shaan Patel, Valerie Affleck, Ian Wilson, Doug Turnbull, Abhijit Joshi, Ross Maxwell, Elizabeth Stoll
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

Glioma is the most common form of primary malignant brain tumour, with approximately 4 cases per 100,000 people per year. Gliomas, like many tumours, are thought to rely primarily upon aerobic glycolysis for energy production. However, high levels of glycolysis have been identified in brain tumours through the study of cells that have adapted to culture conditions (Michelakis et al. Sci Trans Med 2010); cells that have been cultured in the absence of serum have been shown to retain their original characteristics and are more suitable for chemical and genetic screening (Pollard et al. Cell Stem Cell 2008). Our findings demonstrate that primary-cultured human glioma cells grown under serum-free conditions require fatty acid oxidation to maintain respiratory and proliferative activity. Specifically, enzymes required for fatty acid oxidation are observed in cells within human glioblastoma tissue, fatty acid oxidation is the primary contributor to respiratory activity in cells isolated from human glioma, and this metabolic pathway is a limiting factor in the proliferation of human and mouse glioma cells cultured in the absence of serum. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, using etomoxir, prolongs survival in a syngeneic mouse model of malignant glioma. Finally, we find that transcriptional upregulation of genes whose products play a role in fatty acid oxidation is significantly associated with lower survival in patients with low-grade glioma. Since fatty acid oxidation enzymes are present and functional in glioma tissues, this metabolic pathway could potentially be targeted to reduce energy production and cellular proliferation to provide therapeutic benefit to patients with malignant glioma. While there are currently several dozen under active clinical investigation for the treatment of glioma, there is a clear unmet need in this patient group and our data provide an entirely new pathway to target for the treatment of this cancer.
Hepatitis C virus infection and type II cryoglobulinemia: An immunological perspective
Authors: V Agnello
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

A striking feature of EMC discovered 20 years before the Hepatitis C Virus Infection and discovery of HCV was that monoclonal RF from different patients with the disease were identical as determined by Type II Cryoglobulinemia: An typing with an antibody that reacted with an epitope in the antigen-combining site of the RF called a ''cross-idiotype.'' 6 Immunological PerspectiveIt was subsequently shown that these monoclonal RF were encoded by the same germline genes. 7 Hence, the monoclonal RF in these patients were highly restricted, rather than arising VINCENT AGNELLO randomly from the entire antibody repertoire.Among patients with HCV infection and type II cryoglobulinemia, 87% From an immunological perspective, the first clinical manhad monoclonal RF of the same cross-idiotype, 8 dubbed ifestation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection that attracted ''WA'' after the patient whose monoclonal RF was used to attention was palpable purpura.Thirty years ago, Meltzer raise the original typing antiserum. 6 These findings suggested et al. described essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (EMC). 1 that the WA monoclonal RF in different individuals arose Palpable purpura was the prominent manifestation of this from stimulation with the same antigen and not a malignant systemic vasculitic disorder associated with mixed cryoprocess, as was previously proposed. 9Moreover, the later globulins that consisted of polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) demonstration of the specific concentration of HCV in the G and either polyclonal or monoclonal (IgM) rheumatoid cryoglobulins with WA monoclonal RF 3 suggested that the factors (RF).The mixed cryoglobulins were later categorized etiologic antigen for production of these RF was related to as type II if the RF was monoclonal and type III if polyclonal the HCV. RF was present. It has been recently shown that approxi-There are three major immunological features associated mately 80% of patients with EMC are infected with HCV, 2 with this enigmatic virus.The first and most important is that and that the virus is specifically concentrated in the cryothe virus, in almost all instances, circumvents the immune globulins. 3 Earlier studies had implicated hepatitis B virus in response, with chronic infection as the result.The second EMC, 4 but it is now established that hepatitis B virus is feature, the occurrence of restricted monoclonal RF, may be unique to HCV infection, because monoclonal RF associated present in relatively few patients with the disease. 2,5FIG. 1.In this hypothesis, complexes of HCV-VLDL secreted by infected hepatocytes or formed postsecretion stimulate WA monoclonal RF-producing B cells to produce WA monoclonal RF, which then prevents the spread of infection to other hepatocytes by blocking endocytosis of the HCV-VLDL via the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR).(
Teen Birth Rate Declines But More Progress Is Needed
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reply:
Authors: Francesca Bravi, Cristina Bosetti, Carlo La Vecchia
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Drs. Patil and Mallath suggest that the variability of caffeine metabolism may partly or largely explain the inverse relation between coffee and hepatocellular carcinoma observed in several studies and quantified in our meta-analysis.1 Apart from genetic variability, we also noted in our discussion that a broad spectrum of digestive tract and liver disorders may lead to changes in caffeine metabolism and hence to a reduction in coffee consumption. Thus, such a variability in metabolism may be both genetic and disease-induced. This is the major difficulty in the interpretation of these findings, as already discussed in our paper. Francesca Bravi*, Cristina Bosetti*, Carlo La Vecchia* , * Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy, Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Nontreatment of hip fractures
Authors: D. E. Hyams
Journal: JAMA (1978)

We thank Dr Hyams for his thoughtful comments about our article. He raises an important question: will we (or other physicians) unnecessarily confine some patients to bed and chair for the remainder of their lives by not treating their hip fractures? The patients who were the subject of our report all had severe organic mental syndromes prior to their fractures. (Although our methods of evaluation of mental status were not discussed in the report, we always make every effort to exclude severe depression, thyroid diseases, intercurrent infection, anemia, and other treatable causes of organic mental syndrome before labeling a patient as senile.) The five conservatively treated patients, as well as three more that we have treated similarly since the report was submitted for publication, were already suffering from one or more chronic illnesses requiring prolonged or permanent nursing home care. Only one was independently ambulatory before the hip
STATE MEDICINE.
Journal: JAMA (1885)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In Reply:
Authors: Ivo A. Olivotto, Pauline T. Truong, Vanessa Bernstein, James K. Kelly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

results, 2 they might play a role in explaining the discrepancies between the Olivotto et al series and ours.However, other published series using ER and PR immunohistochemistry, have a figure for the ERϪ/PRϩ population in the range of 2% to 4%. 3,4 We further analyzed the benefit derived from adjuvant tamoxifen in our series of patients according to the hormone receptor subgroups.It is remarkable that, when compared with the ERϪ/PRϪ subgroup, the ERϪ/PRϩ subset of patients had, at least during the first years of treatment, a benefit from tamoxifen.This is shown in Figure 1.Threeyear disease-free survival figures were ERϩ/PRϩ, 90%; ERϪ/PRϩ, 82%; ERϩ/PRϪ, 77%; and ERϪ/PRϪ, 76%.Six-year disease-free survival was ERϩ/PRϩ, 85%; ERϪ/ PRϩ, 74%; ERϩ/PRϪ, 72%; and ERϪ/PRϪ, 72%.In conclusion, it would seem inappropriate to stop progesterone receptor testing, since the PR test helps in identifying a non-negligible subset of breast cancer patients who will most likely benefit from adjuvant hormonal therapy.
Der Energiehaushalt unter Einwirkung von Aminosäuren bei verschiedener Ernährung. I. Der Einfluss des Glykokolls bei Hund und Ratte
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antigenic Analysis of Plasminogen and Plasmin
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Upper-extremity suppurative thrombophlebitis and septic pulmonary emboli
Authors: G. Weinberg
Journal: JAMA (1978)

THROMBOSIS of the deep veins of the upper extremity accounts for less than 2% of all deep-vein thromboses. The disease is a potentially serious condition and, in addition to causing the local complication, may be responsible for systemic manifestations. Adams and co-workers<sup>1</sup>reported 12% incidence of pulmonary emboli in a series of 25 patients with upper-extremity deep-vein thrombosis, and a similar incidence of pulmonary emboli originating from the veins of the upper extremities has been quoted by other authors.<sup>2</sup>An additional, possibly fatal complication of the upper-extremity deep thrombophlebitis occurred in the form of a septic embolization. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 33-year-old male heroin addict was admitted to a hospital complaining of pain in the right arm, malaise, dyspnea, and cough. Several weeks before admission, he attempted to inject heroin into his right antecubital vein. At the time of admission, his temperature was 38.9 °C, and he had
Contaminant-Related Suppression of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity and Antibody Responses in Harbor Seals Fed Herring from the Baltic Sea
Authors: Peter S. Ross, Rik L. De Swart, Peter J. H. Reijnders, Henk Van Loveren, Joseph G. Vos, Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Recent mass mortalities among several marine mammal populations have led to speculation about increased susceptibility to viral infections as a result of contaminant-induced immunosuppression. In a 2.5-year study, we fed herring from either the relatively uncontaminated Atlantic Ocean or the contaminated Baltic Sea to two groups of captive harbor seals and monitored immune function in the seals. Seals fed the contaminated fish were less able to mount a specific immunological response to ovalbumin, as measured by in vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions and antibody responses. The skin reaction to this protein antigen was characterized by the appearance of mononuclear cells which peaked at 24 hr after intradermal administration, characteristic of DTH reactions in other animals studied. These DTH responses correlated well with in vitro tests of T-lymphocyte function, implicating this cell type in the reaction. Aryl-hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor-dependent toxic equivalent (TEQ) profiles in blubber biopsies taken from the seals implicated polychlorinated biphenyls rather than dioxins or furans in the observed immunosuppression. Marine mammal populations currently inhabiting polluted coastal environments in Europe and North America may therefore have an increased susceptibility to infections, and pollution may have played a role in recent virus-induced mass mortalities.
Superior Mesenteric Artery Stenosis Treated by Iliac-Mesenteric Arterial Bypass
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal