tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes In the Circadian Rhythm of Ornithine Decarboxylase in Rat Liver During Chemical Hepatocarcinogenesis&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Journal Article Changes In the Circadian Rhythm of Ornithine Decarboxylase in Rat Liver During Chemical Hepatocarcinogenesis Get access Giuseppe Scalabrino, Giuseppe Scalabrino 6Chemicals-Physics Institute, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marla E. Ferioll, Marla E. Ferioll 4Institute of General Pathology and CNR Center for Research in Cell Pathology, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milan, Italy.. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mirella Puerarl, Mirella Puerarl 4Institute of General Pathology and CNR Center for Research in Cell Pathology, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milan, Italy.. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Daniela Modena, Daniela Modena 4Institute of General Pathology and CNR Center for Research in Cell Pathology, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milan, Italy.. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Franco Fraschini, Franco Fraschini 5Institute of Pharmacology, Chair of Chemotherapy, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Glanfranco Majorino Glanfranco Majorino 6Chemicals-Physics Institute, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 66, Issue 4, April 1981, Pages 671–702, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/66.4.697 Published: 01 April 1981 Article history Received: 29 May 1980 Accepted: 09 October 1980 Published: 01 April 1981
The Case Against 'the Case Against Childhood Cholesterol Screening'
Authors: Ken Resnicow
Journal: JAMA (1991)

IN A RECENT edition ofThe Journal, two related articles questioned the efficacy and safety of screening and treating children for hypercholesterolemia. The chief conclusion drawn by Lauer and Clarke,<sup>1</sup>and a cornerstone of the thesis presented by Newman et al,<sup>2</sup>was that "many children with high cholesterol levels do not become adults with high cholesterol levels." This message, which was widely promulgated in the lay and scientific media, has significant public health implications. However, both articles contain flaws in methods and reasoning that threaten the validity of the conclusions drawn. This Commentary addresses these limitations, beginning with the study of Lauer and Clarke. <h3>Methods Used to Calculate Sensitivity and Positive Predictive Value</h3> Based on the data presented by Lauer and Clarke, the National Cholesterol Education Program's cut point of 5.17 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) was approximately the 80th percentile in their adult population. Therefore, the maximum sensitivity of
The Economics of Cardiac Failure
Authors: F X Kleber
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1996)

Quality assurance and inclusion of prospective evaluation of costs of treatment in phase 3 and 4 pharmaceutical trials are becoming increasingly important. Not only high technology applications have to be investigated, but also relatively cheap but very common strategies for diagnostic work up and therapy. This may yield major savings. We are at the beginning of an era in which waste of resources may be reduced by scientific analysis with improvement in patient care and teaching achieved as a result.
Clinical significance of serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor in patients with localized scleroderma
Authors: H. IHN, S. SATO, M. FUJIMOTO, K. KIKUCHI, K. TAKEHARA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Summary Localized scleroderma has been reported to be accompanied by abnormal immune reactions, including autoantibody production and lymphocyte activation. Lymphocyte activation can be quantitatively detected by measuring soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in serum samples. In this study, serum sIL-2R levels were assayed by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in 48 patients with localized scleroderma, in 20 with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and in 20 healthy controls. Serum levels of sIL-2R were significantly higher in patients with localized scleroderma than in healthy controls. The serum levels of sIL-2R were correlated with the number of sclerotic lesions, the number of involved areas, the levels of anti-ssDNA, and the levels of antihistone antibody immunoglobulin M. Moreover, sIL-2R levels in sera from patients with SSc were also significantly higher than in healthy controls. Elevated serum levels of sIL-2R in localized scleroderma suggest that lymphocyte activation is one of the early processes in the development of this disease.
Educational Council for Foreign Medical Graduates
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
JAMA Welcomes Its New Chinese Readers
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The Chinese people are a great and old people with roots in ancient times. The American people are a great but young people but have old roots in all nations of the world. Chinese medicine, like Chinese culture, is steeped in antiquity, with great historical significance. Chinese medicine also has many modern preventive and therapeutic phenomena of interest to the world in general. American medicine is the embodiment of modern "western medicine." It is certain that our two cultures and approaches to medicine have much to learn from each other. This month,<i>The Journal of the American Medical Association</i>begins what we hope will be a long period of service to the people of China through a Chinese-language edition. This extension to the mainland of Asia is the most recent addition to the English-language edition of<i>JAMA</i>, which now is 99 years old and currently has a circulation of 290,000,
Tumor-Associated Raynaud’s Phenomenon Exacerbated by Administration of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Toshiyuki Sumi, Haruhiko Michimata, Daiki Nagayama, Yuta Koshino, Hiroki Watanabe, Yuichi Yamada, Hirofumi Chiba
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2022)
BTK inhibitors in the treatment of hematological malignancies and inflammatory diseases: mechanisms and clinical studies
Authors: Aqu Alu, Hong Lei, Xuejiao Han, Yuquan Wei, Xiawei Wei
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2022)

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an essential component of multiple signaling pathways that regulate B cell and myeloid cell proliferation, survival, and functions, making it a promising therapeutic target for various B cell malignancies and inflammatory diseases. Five small molecule inhibitors have shown remarkable efficacy and have been approved to treat different types of hematological cancers, including ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, zanubrutinib, tirabrutinib, and orelabrutinib. The first-in-class agent, ibrutinib, has created a new era of chemotherapy-free treatment of B cell malignancies. Ibrutinib is so popular and became the fourth top-selling cancer drug worldwide in 2021. To reduce the off-target effects and overcome the acquired resistance of ibrutinib, significant efforts have been made in developing highly selective second- and third-generation BTK inhibitors and various combination approaches. Over the past few years, BTK inhibitors have also been repurposed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Promising data have been obtained from preclinical and early-phase clinical studies. In this review, we summarized current progress in applying BTK inhibitors in the treatment of hematological malignancies and inflammatory disorders, highlighting available results from clinical studies.
Toxic Megacolon Due to Fulminant <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection
Authors: Sumanth K Bandaru
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

A 40-year-old man presented with vomiting and diarrhea. Examination was notable for confusion and diffuse abdominal tenderness with tympany. Testing for Clostridioides difficile was positive.
Circulating tumor DNA integrating tissue clonality detects minimal residual disease in resectable non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Siwei Wang, Ming Li, Jingyuan Zhang, Peng Xing, Min Wu, Fancheng Meng, Feng Jiang, Jie Wang, Hua Bao, Jianfeng Huang, Binhui Ren, Mingfeng Yu, Ninglei Qiu, Houhuai Li, Fangliang Yuan, Zhi Zhang, Hui Jia, Xinxin Lu, Shuai Zhang, Xiaojun Wang, Youtao Xu, Wenjia Xia, Tongyan Liu, Weizhang Xu, Xinyu Xu, Mengting Sun, Xue Wu, Yang Shao, Qianghu Wang, Juncheng Dai, Mantang Qiu, Jinke Wang, Qin Zhang, Lin Xu, Hongbing Shen, Rong Yin
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2022)
Impact of Tubular Retractor-Assisted Transsulcal Minimal Invasive Parafascicular Approach for Deep-Seated Lesions in Cortical Vascularization
Authors: Pablo de la Fuente, Kapil Rajwani, Sally Ann Price, Francesco Vergani, Keyoumars Ashkan, Richard Gullan, Ranjeev Bhangoo, Jose Pedro Lavrador
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract AIMS Assess the impact of tubular retractor-assisted transsulcal minimal invasive parafascicular approaches(tsMIPS) in the cortical vascularization using indocianin green angiography(ICGA) during removal of deep-seated cerebral tumours. METHOD Single-centre prospective cohort study of patients with deep-seated lesions – distance to nearest sulcus &amp;gt; 10mm - where ICGA was performed. Zeiss FLOW800 Software was used to analyse the following variables - delay time, speed, time to peak and rise time - before and after insertion of the tubular retractor (NICO BrainPath). RESULTS 13 patients were enrolled. 60 regions-of-interest were analysed. The most common pathology was high grade glioma (69%). The average depth of tumours was 34,2mm (23– 45mm) and the time-under-retraction 166mins (45-280 mins). The most common vascular pattern before-after tubular retractor was: increase on the delay time, time to peak and rising time (present in 8 patients) and a decrease on the speed (present in 7 patients). Two patients had a mayor neurological deficit after the surgery. Both had the same flow pattern with an increase on the speed and decrease on the time to peak and rise time, the delay was indifference. CONCLUSION This is the first study assessing the impact of tubular retractor-assisted tsMIPS in cortical vascularization during deep-seated lesion resection. The most common cortical vascular pattern is: an increase on the delay time, time to peak and rising time and a decrease on the speed. The two patients who presented vascular injury shared the same pattern (increase on the speed, decrease on the time to peak and rise time, with indifference delay).
Survival and Prognostic Factors in Melanoma Brain Metastasis (MBM) Treated With Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)
Authors: Amanda Fitzpatrick, Alex Bartram, Louise Rockall, Adam Mitchell, Kieran Palmer, Shanthini Crusz, Nick Plowman, Rachel Lewis
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract AIMS Brain metastasis is a frequent complication in melanoma, ultimately affecting 40–60% of patients with metastatic disease1. In the era of immune checkpoint and small molecule inhibitor therapy, there is a need to identify patient, tumour and treatment characteristics which may predict an improved prognosis in patients receiving stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for melanoma brain metastases (MBM). METHOD Retrospective casenote review was carried out for all patients receiving SRS, including gammaknife and cyberknife, for MBM between 2014 – 2020 at Barts Cancer Centre. Overall survival (OS) was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Differences between groups were assessed using the Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. RESULTS 93 patients were treated with SRS for MBM, with a median of 15 patients treated per year. The median age at treatment decision was 60 years (range 26 – 90): 59% were male; 41% female. Median number of lesions treated was 2 (range 1 – 15). Survival data was available for 74 patients: median overall survival for all patients was 9.5 months, with no significant survival difference by gender nor treatment year (pre-2017 vs. post-2017). However, treatment of 1-2 brain lesions carried a better prognosis compared to 3 or more lesions (median 12.2 vs. 5.7 months, p = 0.0292). CONCLUSION Initial analysis reveals an improved overall survival when fewer MBM are present. Further analyses will examine the impact of the following factors on patient survival: status of extracranial metastases, symptomatic vs. asymptomatic brain metastasis, intratumoral haemorrhage, systemic therapy pre- and post-SRS, and corticosteroid use during and after SRS.
The Management and Outcomes of Butterfly Gliomas at a U.K. Neurosurgical Unit
Authors: Siddharth Sinha, Adam Avnon, Andrea Perera, Jose Pedro Lavrador, Keyoumars Ashkan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract AIMS Butterfly glioblastomas (bGBM) are a rare subset of WHO grade IV tumours, that carry a poor prognosis with a median survival ranging between 3 to 6 months. Our study aims to add to the literature on how these tumours should be best managed when presenting to a neurosurgical unit. METHOD We performed a retrospective analysis from January 2009 to June 2021 of the electronic patient records of single large neurosurgical centre in London. We assessed patient demographics, initial clinical presentation, tumour characteristics (location, mutation, volumetric size), clinical management and overall survival (Kaplan-Meier estimator). RESULTS 42 cases of bGBM were identified. These patients were managed with radiotherapy alone (n=3), with biopsy +/- adjuvant therapy (n=36) or attempted surgical resection (n=3). A further 38 cases of suspected bGBM were identified based on presentation and radiological imaging, however these patients were managed conservatively and did not undergo tissue diagnosis. No significant difference in survival was seen between conservative management compared to biopsy alone, with radiotherapy only or chemotherapy only (P=0.499) However, survival was significantly increased when patients received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy following biopsy or resection (P=0.04). CONCLUSION Butterfly glioblastoma has a devastating prognosis. Our study would suggest that unless a patient completes full adjuvant therapy with both chemotherapy and radiotherapy following biopsy or resection, they should be managed conservatively. This avoids unnecessary procedural interventions and can be deemed cost saving to the NHS. A larger prospective cohort study is recommended.
Allied Heath Professional Support in Adult Neuro-oncology; Before and During COVID
Authors: Sara Melhuish, Helen Bulbeck
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract AIMS To understand the current levels of Allied Health Professional (AHP) provision within adult neuro-oncology in the UK, gain insight into perceived gaps and any impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on this provision, from the Health Care Professional’s (HCP) perspective. METHOD In collaboration with brainstrust (a brain tumour charity) and the author, a mixed-methods, on-line survey of HCPs working within adult neuro-oncology was designed, tested and distributed to HCPs registered on the charity’s HCP database. Quantitative data was analysed using simple descriptive statistics. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS 51 HCPs from multiple roles and teams across the UK responded. 66% (34) reported a service delivery gap, including a lack of specialist AHP support, with high geographical variability. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 60.8% (31) respondents identified a reduction in access to AHP support. 58.8% (30) respondents reported a change in appointment modality, with an increase in telephone and video appointments and a decrease in face-to-face appointments and home visits. This modality change was highlighted as a possible cause of reduced HCP awareness of symptom progression that was also reported. CONCLUSION There is paucity of data regarding AHP provision within adult neuro-oncology and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on this provision. This study highlights concerns regarding overall specialist AHP support which reduced further during the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact on patients is unknown and highlights a need for further research to inform development of national guidelines for specialist AHP provision and the use of telehealth for this complex patient group.
The Value of Diffusion Tractography for Awake Surgery
Authors: Joy Roach, Natalie Voets, Pieter Pretorius, Martin Birch, Vasileios Apostolopoulos, Richard Stacey, Puneet Plaha
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract AIMS Despite evidence of correspondence with intraoperative stimulation, there remains limited data on MRI diffusion tractography (DT)’s sensitivity to predict morbidity after brain tumour resection. Our aims were: (1) evaluate DT against subcortical stimulation mapping and performance changes during and following awake surgery; (2) evaluate the use of early post-operative DT to predict recovery from post-surgical deficits. METHOD We performed a retrospective review our first 100 awake neurosurgery procedures using DTneuronavigation. Intra-operative stimulation and performance outcomes were assessed to classify DT predictions for sensitivity and specificity calculations. RESULTS Between 2014 and 2019 a total of 91 adult brain tumour patients (mean age 49.2 years) underwent 100 awake surgeries with subcortical stimulation. The sensitivity and specificity of pre-operative DT predictions were 92.2% and 69.2%, varying among tracts. Post-operative deficits occurred after 41 procedures (39%), but were prolonged (&amp;gt;3 months) in only 4 patients (4%). Post-operative DT was available in 51 patients and confirmed surgical preservation of tracts. Post-operative DT anticipated complete recovery in a patient with supplementary motor area syndrome, and indicated infarct-related damage to corticospinal fibers associated with delayed, partial recovery in a second patient. CONCLUSION Pre-operative DT provided very accurate predictions of the spatial location of tracts in relation to a tumour. As expected, however, the presence of a tract did not provide information on its functional status, resulting in variable DT specificity among individual tracts. While prolonged deficits were rare in our series, DT in the immediate post-operative period offered additional information to monitor neurological deficits and anticipate recovery potential.
Exploring the Role of Specialist Physiotherapy in Awake Craniotomy Surgery for the Neuro-Oncology Patient
Authors: Amy Jones, Sally Price, Jose Pedro Lavrador, Richard Gullan, Francesco Vergani, Ranjeev Bhangoo, Kapil Rajwani, Keyoumars Ashkan, Ana Mirallave-pescador@nhs.net
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract AIMS To describe the methods used to assess and monitor motor function during awake craniotomy surgery for tumour resection. METHOD A service review was carried out over 10 months. Patients with highly motor eloquent lesions – invasion of primary motor cortex or fronto-parietal connections involved in motor cognition – were included. Clinical notes were reviewed and summarised using descriptive analysis. Dexterity and grip strength were measured using 9-hole peg test and handheld dynameter pre/intra and post-operatively. Patient occupation/interests were reported to guide bespoke assessments to trial intra-operatively. RESULTS From April 2021 to January 2022, 13 patients (mean age 39.7 years, 4 female:10 male, 9 low grade:5 high grade gliomas) were included. Mean score 9-hole peg test 22.2sec pre-operatively, 30.6sec post-operatively; handheld dynameter 26.7kg pre-operatively, 18.4kg post-operatively. At discharge 5 of 7 impaired patients demonstrated motor improvement. For motor coordination, motor tasks used frequently included repetitive finger tapping, open/closed hand. Bespoke tasks included texting/writing, playing instruments, and computer games. Movement was closely monitored and verbal feedback given to the neurosurgeons throughout. With video analysis movement comparisons were made. CONCLUSION The role of physiotherapy in awake surgery is evolving to provide movement analysis for complex motor tasks such as upper limb sequencing and dexterity. A combination of standard and bespoke assessments have been trialled and their feasibility within surgery tested. A post-operative deterioration of motor function (power and cognition) is expected after surgery for highly eloquent motor gliomas. However, intraoperative motor assessment for motor cognition allows function preservation and potentiates its recovery.
Assessment of the Efficacy of an Alternative Regimen of Lomustine in Recurrent GBM – A Single Centre Experience
Authors: Chevonne Tan, Helen Wong, Helen Flint, Chloe May, Aditya Shenoy, Chinnamani Eswar, Shaveta Mehta
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract AIMS Lomustine (CCNU) based regimens are frequently used for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The usual CCNU regimen is 100-130mg/m2, day 1 x 6-weekly cycle for up to 6 cycles. Efficacy is limited, with median progression-free survival (PFS) approximating 1.0-3.0 months with higher haematological toxicities, particularly thrombocytopenia around 13-25%. The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, UK, has adopted the regimen of 40mg once a day over 4 days x 4-weekly for up to 6 cycles. This study aims to identify the efficacy and toxicity profile of this regimen in recurrent GBM. METHOD A retrospective analysis on 113 recurrent GBM patients, treated with single-agent CCNU as a second-line, between June 2016 and January 2020. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates identified PFS, PFS at 6 months (PFS6) and Overall Survival (OS) using SPSS v.27. Overall Responses were based on imaging or clinical assessment in patients with at least 2 CCNU cycles. SACT assessments and blood test records, using CTCAE v5.0 grading, identified clinical adverse events. RESULTS We observed an 18.8% overall response rate with 2.4% partial response and 16.5% stable disease. There was a CCNU-specific 8-month median OS, 4-month median PFS, and 20.4%% PFS6. This regimen was well-tolerated. The most common toxicity was grade 1 fatigue (38.9%). The Grade 3 or 4 haematological toxicity was low with 12% thrombocytopenia and 2.7% neutropenia rates in patients. CONCLUSION This study suggests a reasonable alternative to the usual regimen, offering improved tolerance, lower toxicity rates, and equivalent efficacy. We propose prospective studies comparing differing CCNU regimens to mitigate retrospective studies’ limitations.