tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Personal Actions to Create a Culture of Inclusion: Navigating Difficult Conversations With Medical Colleagues
Authors: Melanie S. Sulistio, Christine L. Chen, Ijeoma Eleazu, Sarah Godfrey, Reeni A. Abraham, Lorrel E.B. Toft
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Microaggressions between members of a team occur often in medicine, even despite good intentions. Such situations call for difficult conversations that restore inclusivity, diversity, and a healthy work culture. These conversations are often hard because of the unique background, experiences, and biases of each person. In medicine, skillful navigation of these interactions is paramount as it influences patient care and the workplace culture. Although much has been published about difficult interactions between providers and patients, significantly less information is available to help navigate provider-to-provider interactions, despite their critical role in improving multidisciplinary patient care teams and organizational environments. This article is intended to serve as a guide for medical professionals who are interested in taking personal responsibility for promoting a safe and inclusive culture by engaging in and modeling difficult conversations with colleagues. The article outlines important considerations to assist with intentional preparation and modulation of responses for all parties involved: conversation initiators, observers of the incident, and conversation receivers. Although these interactions are challenging, together as medical professionals we can approach each other with humility and compassion to achieve our ultimate goal of promoting humanity, not only for our patients but for ourselves and one another.
Cultural Sensitivity and Cultural Tailoring: Lessons Learned and Refinements After Two Decades of Incorporating Culture in Health Communication Research
Authors: Derek M. Griffith, Caroline R. Efird, Monica L. Baskin, Monica Webb Hooper, Rachel E. Davis, Ken Resnicow
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2023)

In this article, we examine progress and challenges in designing, implementing, and evaluating culturally sensitive behavioral interventions by tailoring health communication to groups or individuals. After defining common tailoring constructs (i.e., culture, race, and ethnicity), cultural sensitivity, and cultural tailoring, we examine when it is useful to culturally tailor and address cultural sensitivity in health communication by group tailoring or individual tailoring and when tailoring health communication may not be necessary or appropriate for achieving behavior change. After reviewing selected approaches to cultural tailoring, we critique the quality of research in this domain with a focus on the internal validity of empirical findings. Then we explore the ways in which cultural sensitivity, group targeting, and individual tailoring have incorporated culture in health promotion and health communication. We conclude by articulating yet unanswered questions and suggesting future directions to move the field forward.
In severe, uncontrolled asthma, tezepelumab reduced exacerbations over 1 y regardless of type 2 inflammation level
Authors: Rodolfo A. Estrada, Diego J. Maselli
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Corren J, Menzies-Gow A, Chupp G, et al. Efficacy of tezepelumab in severe, uncontrolled asthma: pooled analysis of the PATHWAY and NAVIGATOR clinical trials. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023;208:13-24. 37015033.
Systemic Therapy Update on <sup>177</sup>Lutetium-PSMA-617 for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: ASCO Guideline Rapid Recommendation Update
Authors: Rohan Garje, R. Bryan Rumble, Rahul A. Parikh, Rohan Garje, R. Bryan Rumble, Rahul Parikh, Arnab Basu, Katy Beckemann, Lisa Bodei, Hala Borno, Michael Anthony Carducci, Paul Celano, Hamid Emamekhoo, Robert Hamilton, Daniel Herchenhorn, Thomas A. Hope, Sebastian J. Hotte, Terry Kungel, Andrew Loblaw, Mary-Ellen Taplin, Neha Vapiwala, Peng Wang, James Williams, Elizabeth Wulff-Burchfield, Tian Zhang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

ASCO Rapid Recommendation Updates highlight revisions to select ASCO guideline recommendations as a response to the emergence of new and practice-changing data. The rapid updates are supported by an evidence review and follow the guideline development processes outlined in the ASCO Guideline Methodology Manual . The goal of these articles is to disseminate updated recommendations, in a timely manner, to better inform health practitioners and the public on the best available cancer care options. Guidelines and updates are not intended to substitute for independent professional judgment of the treating provider and do not account for individual variation among patients. See appendix for disclaimers and other important information ( Appendix 1 and Appendix 2 , online only).
Liposomal Delivery of an Immunostimulatory CpG Induces Robust Antitumor Immunity and Long‐Term Immune Memory by Reprogramming Tumor‐Associated Macrophages
Authors: Yujin Kim, Seojung Lee, Sangyong Jon
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs)—representative immune‐suppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME)—are known to promote tumor progression and metastasis, and thus are considered an attractive target for cancer therapy. However, current TAM‐targeting strategies are insufficient to result in robust antitumor efficacy. Here, a small lipid nanoparticle encapsulating immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (SLNP@CpG) is reported as a new immunotherapeutic modality that can reprogram TAMs and further bridge innate‐to‐adaptive immunity. It is found that SLNP@CpG treatment enhances macrophage‐mediated phagocytosis of cancer cells and tumor antigen cross‐presentation, and skews the polarization state of macrophages in vitro. Intratumoral injection of SLNP@CpG into an established murine E.G7‐OVA tumor model significantly suppresses tumor growth and considerably prolongs survival, completely eradicating tumors in 83.3% of mice. Furthermore, tumor‐free mice resist rechallenge with E.G7‐OVA cancer cells through induction of immunological memory and long‐term antitumor immunity. SLNP@CpG even exerts antitumor efficacy in an aggressive B16‐F10 melanoma model by remodeling TME toward immune stimulation and tumor elimination. These findings suggest that, by modulating the function of TAMs and reshaping an immunosuppressive TME, the SLNP@CpG nanomedicine developed here may become a promising immunotherapeutic option applicable to a variety of tumors.
Efficacy and safety of remibrutinib, a selective potent oral BTK inhibitor, in Sjögren’s syndrome: results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial
Authors: Thomas Dörner, Martin Kaul, Antónia Szántó, Jui-Cheng Tseng, Athena S Papas, Ilona Pylvaenaeinen, Malika Hanser, Nasri Abdallah, Andrea Grioni, Aida Santos Da Costa, Enrico Ferrero, Peter Gergely, Rainer Hillenbrand, Alexandre Avrameas, Bruno Cenni, Richard M Siegel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2023)

Objectives To evaluate the safety and efficacy of remibrutinib in patients with moderate-to-severe Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) in a phase 2 randomised, double-blind trial ( NCT04035668 ; LOUiSSE (LOU064 in Sjögren’s Syndrome) study). Methods Eligible patients fulfilling 2016 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) criteria for SjS, positive for anti-Ro/Sjögren’s syndrome-related antigen A antibodies, with moderate-to-severe disease activity (EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) (based on weighted score) ≥ 5, EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI) ≥ 5) received remibrutinib (100 mg) either one or two times a day, or placebo for the 24-week study treatment period. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in ESSDAI at week 24. Key secondary endpoints included change from baseline in ESSDAI over time, change from baseline in ESSPRI over time and safety of remibrutinib in SjS. Key exploratory endpoints included changes to the salivary flow rate, soluble biomarkers, blood transcriptomic and serum proteomic profiles. Results Remibrutinib significantly improved ESSDAI score in patients with SjS over 24 weeks compared with placebo (ΔESSDAI −2.86, p=0.003). No treatment effect was observed in ESSPRI score (ΔESSPRI 0.17, p=0.663). There was a trend towards improvement of unstimulated salivary flow with remibrutinib compared with placebo over 24 weeks. Remibrutinib had a favourable safety profile in patients with SjS over 24 weeks. Remibrutinib induced significant changes in gene expression in blood, and serum protein abundance compared with placebo. Conclusions These data show preliminary efficacy and favourable safety of remibrutinib in a phase 2 trial for SjS.
Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on lung cancer survival in England: an analysis of the rapid cancer registration dataset
Authors: Helen Morgan, Savannah Gysling, Neal Navani, David Baldwin, Richard Hubbard, Emma O’Dowd
Journal: Thorax (2023)

Early changes in lung cancer care can affect survival. Given the decrease in diagnosis during lockdowns, we calculated their impact on survival using National Lung Cancer Audit data. Percentage survival and HRs for death were compared between 2019 and lockdown periods of 2020. Decreased survival was observed from the first national lockdown onwards and within 90 days of diagnosis. HRs were highest for people diagnosed at the end of 2020 at 1.26 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.32) for death within 90 days and 1.51 (95% CI 1.42 to 1.60) for death between 91 and 270 days. Further work is needed on measures to mitigate this impact.
Spatial and Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveal a Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Subset in HNSCC That Restricts Infiltration and Antitumor Activity of CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Chuwen Li, Haiyan Guo, Peisong Zhai, Ming Yan, Chun Liu, Xiaoning Wang, Chaoji Shi, Jiang Li, Tong Tong, Zhiyuan Zhang, Hailong Ma, Jianjun Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2023)

Abstract Although immunotherapy can prolong survival in some patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the response rate remains low. Clarification of the critical mechanisms regulating CD8+ T-cell infiltration and dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment could help maximize the benefit of immunotherapy for treating HNSCC. Here, we performed spatial transcriptomic analysis of HNSCC specimens with differing immune infiltration and single-cell RNA sequencing of five pairs of tumor and adjacent tissues, revealing specific cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) subsets related to CD8+ T-cell infiltration restriction and dysfunction. These CAFs exhibited high expression of CXCLs (CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL12) and MHC-I and enrichment of galectin-9 (Gal9). The proportion of MHC-IhiGal9+ CAFs was inversely correlated with abundance of a TCF1+GZMK+ subset of CD8+ T cells. Gal9 on CAFs induced CD8+ T-cell dysfunction and decreased the proportion of tumor-infiltrating TCF1+CD8+ T cells. Collectively, the identification of MHC-IhiGal9+ CAFs advances the understanding of the precise role of CAFs in cancer immune evasion and paves the way for more effective immunotherapy for HNSCC. Significance: Spatial analysis identifies IFN-induced MHC-IhiGal9+ CAFs that form a trap for CD8+ T cells, providing insights into the complex networks in the tumor microenvironment that regulate T-cell infiltration and function.
A spinal cord neuroprosthesis for locomotor deficits due to Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Tomislav Milekovic, Eduardo Martin Moraud, Nicolo Macellari, Charlotte Moerman, Flavio Raschellà, Shiqi Sun, Matthew G. Perich, Camille Varescon, Robin Demesmaeker, Alice Bruel, Léa N. Bole-Feysot, Giuseppe Schiavone, Elvira Pirondini, Cheng YunLong, Li Hao, Andrea Galvez, Sergio Daniel Hernandez-Charpak, Gregory Dumont, Jimmy Ravier, Camille G. Le Goff-Mignardot, Jean-Baptiste Mignardot, Gaia Carparelli, Cathal Harte, Nicolas Hankov, Viviana Aureli, Anne Watrin, Hendrik Lambert, David Borton, Jean Laurens, Isabelle Vollenweider, Simon Borgognon, François Bourre, Michel Goillandeau, Wai Kin D. Ko, Laurent Petit, Qin Li, Rik Buschman, Nicholas Buse, Maria Yaroshinsky, Jean-Baptiste Ledoux, Fabio Becce, Mayté Castro Jimenez, Julien F. Bally, Timothy Denison, Dominique Guehl, Auke Ijspeert, Marco Capogrosso, Jordan W. Squair, Leonie Asboth, Philip A. Starr, Doris D. Wang, Stéphanie P. Lacour, Silvestro Micera, Chuan Qin, Jocelyne Bloch, Erwan Bezard, G. Courtine
Journal: Nature Medicine (2023)
Glycolysis-derived alanine from glia fuels neuronal mitochondria for memory in Drosophila
Authors: Yasmine Rabah, Raquel Francés, Julia Minatchy, Laura Guédon, Coraline Desnous, Pierre-Yves Plaçais, Thomas Preat
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2023)

Abstract Glucose is the primary source of energy for the brain; however, it remains controversial whether, upon neuronal activation, glucose is primarily used by neurons for ATP production or if it is partially oxidized in astrocytes, as proposed by the astrocyte–neuron lactate shuttle model for glutamatergic neurons. Thus, an in vivo picture of glucose metabolism during cognitive processes is missing. Here, we uncover in Drosophila melanogaster a glia-to-neuron alanine transfer involving alanine aminotransferase that sustains memory formation. Following associative conditioning, glycolysis in glial cells produces alanine, which is back-converted into pyruvate in cholinergic neurons of the olfactory memory center to uphold their increased mitochondrial needs. Alanine, as a mediator of glia–neuron coupling, could be an alternative to lactate in cholinergic systems. In parallel, a dedicated glial glucose transporter imports glucose specifically for long-term memory, by directly transferring it to neurons for use by the pentose phosphate pathway. Our results demonstrate in vivo the compartmentalization of glucose metabolism between neurons and glial cells during memory formation.
Long noncoding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 is overexpressed in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and exon 2 is critical for its oncogenicity
Authors: Chen Li, Chengxi Sun, Kunal Das Mahapatra, Pilvi Riihilä, Jaakko Knuutila, Liisa Nissinen, Jan Lapins, Veli-Matti Kähäri, Bernhard Homey, Enikö Sonkoly, Andor Pivarcsi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Abstract Background Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common and fastest increasing forms of cancer worldwide with metastatic potential. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of RNA molecules with essential regulatory functions in both physiological and pathological processes. Objectives To investigate the function and mode of action of lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) in cSCC. Methods Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and single-molecule in situ hybridization were used to quantify the expression level of PVT1 in normal skin, premalignant skin lesions, actinic keratosis (AK) and primary and metastatic cSCCs. The function of PVT1 in cSCC was investigated both in vivo (tumour xenografts) and in vitro (competitive cell growth assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation assay, colony formation assay and tumour spheroid formation assay) upon CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of the entire PVT1 locus, the knockout of exon 2 of PVT1, and locked nucleic acid (LNA) gapmer-mediated PVT1 knockdown. RNA sequencing analysis was conducted to identify genes and processes regulated by PVT1. Results We identified PVT1 as a lncRNA upregulated in cSCC in situ and cSCC, associated with the malignant phenotype of cSCC. We showed that the expression of PVT1 in cSCC was regulated by MYC. Both CRISPR-Cas9 deletion of the entire PVT1 locus and LNA gapmer-mediated knockdown of PVT1 transcript impaired the malignant behaviour of cSCC cells, suggesting that PVT1 is an oncogenic transcript in cSCC. Furthermore, knockout of PVT1 exon 2 inhibited cSCC tumour growth both in vivo and in vitro, demonstrating that exon 2 is a critical element for the oncogenic role of PVT1. Mechanistically, we showed that PVT1 was localized in the cell nucleus and its deletion resulted in cellular senescence, increased cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21/CDKN1A) expression and cell cycle arrest. Conclusions Our study revealed a previously unrecognized role for exon 2 of PVT1 in its oncogenic role and that PVT1 suppresses cellular senescence in cSCC. PVT1 may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cSCC.
Disparities in electronic health record portal access and use among patients with cancer
Authors: Joan M Griffin, Barbara L Kroner, Sandra L Wong, Liliana Preiss, Ashley Wilder Smith, Andrea L Cheville, Sandra A Mitchell, Nicola Lancki, Michael J Hassett, Deborah Schrag, Raymond U Osarogiagbon, Jennifer L Ridgeway, David Cella, Roxanne E Jensen, Ann Marie Flores, Jessica D Austin, Betina Yanez
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2023)

Abstract Background Electronic health record–linked portals may improve health-care quality for patients with cancer. Barriers to portal access and use undermine interventions that rely on portals to reduce cancer care disparities. This study examined portal access and persistence of portal use and associations with patient and structural factors before the implementation of 3 portal-based interventions within the Improving the Management of symPtoms during And following Cancer Treatment (IMPACT) Consortium. Methods Portal use data were extracted from electronic health records for the 12 months preceding intervention implementation. Sociodemographic factors, mode of accessing portals (web vs mobile), and number of clinical encounters before intervention implementation were also extracted. Rurality was derived using rural-urban commuting area codes. Broadband access was estimated using the 2015-2019 American Community Survey. Multiple logistic regression models tested the associations of these factors with portal access (ever accessed or never accessed) and persistence of portal use (accessed the portal ≤20 weeks vs ≥21 weeks in the 35-week study period). Results Of 28 942 eligible patients, 10 061 (35%) never accessed the portal. Male sex, membership in a racial and ethnic minority group, rural dwelling, not working, and limited broadband access were associated with lower odds of portal access. Younger age and more clinical encounters were associated with higher odds of portal access. Of those with portal access, 25% were persistent users. Using multiple modalities for portal access, being middle-aged, and having more clinical encounters were associated with persistent portal use. Conclusion Patient and structural factors affect portal access and use and may exacerbate disparities in electronic health record–based cancer symptom surveillance and management.
Genetics and epidemiology of mutational barcode-defined clonal hematopoiesis
Authors: Simon N. Stacey, Florian Zink, Gisli H. Halldorsson, Lilja Stefansdottir, Sigurjon A. Gudjonsson, Gudmundur Einarsson, Grimur Hjörleifsson, Thjodbjorg Eiriksdottir, Anna Helgadottir, Gyda Björnsdottir, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, Thorunn A. Olafsdottir, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Solveig Gretarsdottir, Vinicius Tragante, Magnus K. Magnusson, Hakon Jonsson, Julius Gudmundsson, Sigurgeir Olafsson, Hilma Holm, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Patrick Sulem, Agnar Helgason, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Laufey Tryggvadottir, Thorunn Rafnar, Pall Melsted, Magnus Ö. Ulfarsson, Brynjar Vidarsson, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Kari Stefansson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2023)

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) arises when a substantial proportion of mature blood cells is derived from a single hematopoietic stem cell lineage. Using whole-genome sequencing of 45,510 Icelandic and 130,709 UK Biobank participants combined with a mutational barcode method, we identified 16,306 people with CH. Prevalence approaches 50% in elderly participants. Smoking demonstrates a dosage-dependent impact on risk of CH. CH associates with several smoking-related diseases. Contrary to published claims, we find no evidence that CH is associated with cardiovascular disease. We provide evidence that CH is driven by genes that are commonly mutated in myeloid neoplasia and implicate several new driver genes. The presence and nature of a driver mutation alters the risk profile for hematological disorders. Nevertheless, most CH cases have no known driver mutations. A CH genome-wide association study identified 25 loci, including 19 not implicated previously in CH. Splicing, protein and expression quantitative trait loci were identified for CD164 and TCL1A.
Changes in the Place of Death of Patients With Cancer After the Introduction of Insurance-Covered, Home-Based Hospice Care in Korea
Authors: Il Yun, Sung-In Jang, Eun-Cheol Park, Suk-Yong Jang
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Although hospice care has been covered by health insurance for the purpose of improving the quality of life of patients with terminal cancer as well as their caregivers, few studies have evaluated the outcomes of the policy to cover home-based hospice care services.
Further Considerations Regarding Molecular Screening and Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis
Authors: Adriane Wynn, Chelsea Morroni, Jeffrey D. Klausner
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Nonfunctional Adrenal Adenomas and Increased Risk of Mortality—Reply
Authors: Jekaterina Patrova, Jonatan D. Lindh, Henrik Falhammar
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

In Reply We appreciate the comments from Depczynski et al and Bioletto et al regarding our article "Mortality in Patients With Nonfunctional Adrenal Tumors."1 We will address the comments from Depczynski et al first.
Further Considerations Regarding Molecular Screening and Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis
Authors: Ryu Yanagisawa, Shin-ichiro Fujiwara, Tomohiko Sato
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal