tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Systemic antibiotics increase microbiota pathogenicity and oral bone loss
Authors: Xulei Yuan, Fuyuan Zhou, He Wang, Xinxin Xu, Shihan Xu, Chuangwei Zhang, Yanan Zhang, Miao Lu, Yang Zhang, Mengjiao Zhou, Han Li, Ximu Zhang, Tingwei Zhang, Jinlin Song
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2023)

Periodontitis is the most widespread oral disease and is closely related to the oral microbiota. The oral microbiota is adversely affected by some pharmacologic treatments. Systemic antibiotics are widely used for infectious diseases but can lead to gut dysbiosis, causing negative effects on the human body. Whether systemic antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis can affect the oral microbiota or even periodontitis has not yet been addressed. In this research, mice were exposed to drinking water containing a cocktail of four antibiotics to explore how systemic antibiotics affect microbiota pathogenicity and oral bone loss. The results demonstrated, for the first time, that gut dysbiosis caused by long-term use of antibiotics can disturb the oral microbiota and aggravate periodontitis. Moreover, the expression of cytokines related to Th17 was increased while transcription factors and cytokines related to Treg were decreased in the periodontal tissue. Fecal microbiota transplantation with normal mice feces restored the gut microbiota and barrier, decreased the pathogenicity of the oral microbiota, reversed the Th17/Treg imbalance in periodontal tissue, and alleviated alveolar bone loss. This study highlights the potential adverse effects of long-term systemic antibiotics-induced gut dysbiosis on the oral microbiota and periodontitis. A Th17/Treg imbalance might be related to this relationship. Importantly, these results reveal that the periodontal condition of patients should be assessed regularly when using systemic antibiotics in clinical practice.
Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteremia increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier via the Mfsd2a/Caveolin-1 mediated transcytosis pathway
Authors: Shuang Lei, Jian Li, Jingjun Yu, Fulong Li, Yaping Pan, Xu Chen, Chunliang Ma, Weidong Zhao, Xiaolin Tang
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2023)

Bacteremia induced by periodontal infection is an important factor for periodontitis to threaten general health. P. gingivalis DNA/virulence factors have been found in the brain tissues from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for keeping toxic substances from entering brain tissues. However, the effect of P. gingivalis bacteremia on BBB permeability and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, rats were injected by tail vein with P. gingivalis three times a week for eight weeks to induce bacteremia. An in vitro BBB model infected with P. gingivalis was also established. We found that the infiltration of Evans blue dye and Albumin protein deposition in the rat brain tissues were increased in the rat brain tissues with P. gingivalis bacteremia and P. gingivalis could pass through the in vitro BBB model. Caveolae were detected after P. gingivalis infection in BMECs both in vivo and in vitro. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) expression was enhanced after P. gingivalis infection. Downregulation of Cav-1 rescued P. gingivalis-enhanced BMECs permeability. We further found P. gingivalis-gingipain could be colocalized with Cav-1 and the strong hydrogen bonding between Cav-1 and arg-specific-gingipain (RgpA) were detected. Moreover, P. gingivalis significantly inhibited the major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a (Mfsd2a) expression. Mfsd2a overexpression reversed P. gingivalis-increased BMECs permeability and Cav-1 expression. These results revealed that Mfsd2a/Cav-1 mediated transcytosis is a key pathway governing BBB BMECs permeability induced by P. gingivalis, which may contribute to P. gingivalis/virulence factors entrance and the subsequent neurological impairments.
Explosive eye injuries: characteristics, traumatic mechanisms, and prognostic factors for poor visual outcomes
Authors: Ying Zhang, Xin Kang, Qiong Wu, Zhong Zheng, Jun Ying, Mao-Nian Zhang
Journal: Military Medical Research (2023)

Abstract Background Explosions can produce blast waves, high-speed medium, thermal radiation, and chemical spatter, leading to complex and compound eye injuries. However, few studies have comprehensively investigated the clinical features of different eye injury types or possible risk factors for poor prognosis. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all consecutive records of explosive eye injuries (1449 eyes in 1115 inpatients) in 14 tertiary referral hospitals in China over 12 years (between January 2008 and December 2019). Data on demographics, eye injury types, ocular findings, treatments, and factors affecting visual prognosis were extracted from a standardized database of eye injuries and statistically analyzed. Results Mechanical ocular trauma accounted for 94.00% of explosion-related eye injuries, among which intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) resulted in 55.17% of open globe injuries (OGIs) and contusion caused 60.22% of close globe injuries (CGIs). Proliferative vitreous retinopathy (PVR) was more common in perforating (47.06%) and IOFB (26.84%) than in penetrating (8.79%) injuries, and more common with laceration (24.25%) than rupture (9.22%, P &lt; 0.01). However, no difference was observed between rupture and contusion. Ultimately, 9.59% of eyes were removed and the final vision was ≤ 4/200 in 45.82% of patients. Poor presenting vision [odds ratio ( OR ) = 5.789], full-thickness laceration of the eyeball ≥ 5 mm ( OR = 3.665), vitreous hemorrhage ( OR = 3.474), IOFB ( OR = 3.510), non-mechanical eye injury (NMEI, OR = 2.622, P &lt; 0.001), rupture ( OR = 2.362), traumatic optic neuropathy ( OR = 2.102), retinal detachment (RD, OR = 2.033), endophthalmitis ( OR = 3.281, P &lt; 0.01), contusion ( OR = 1.679), ciliary body detachment ( OR = 6.592), zone III OGI ( OR = 1.940), and PVR ( OR = 1.615, P &lt; 0.05) were significant negative predictors for poor visual outcomes. Conclusions Explosion ocular trauma has complex mechanisms, with multiple eyes involved and poor prognosis. In lethal level I explosion injuries, eyeball rupture is a serious condition, whereas contusion is more likely to improve. In level II injuries, IOFBs are more harmful than penetrating injuries, and level IV represents burn-related eye injuries. PVR is more associated with penetrating mechanisms than with OGI. Identifying the risk predictors for visual prognosis can guide clinicians in the evaluation and treatment of ocular blast injuries.
Hemicolectomy versus appendectomy for patients with appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours 1–2 cm in size: a retrospective, Europe-wide, pooled cohort study
Authors: Cédric Nesti, Konstantin Bräutigam, Marta Benavent, Laura Bernal, Hessa Boharoon, Johan Botling, Antonin Bouroumeau, Iva Brcic, Maximilian Brunner, Guillaume Cadiot, Maria Camara, Emanuel Christ, Thomas Clerici, Ashley K Clift, Hamish Clouston, Lorenzo Cobianchi, Jarosław B Ćwikła, Kosmas Daskalakis, Andrea Frilling, Rocio Garcia-Carbonero, Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg, Jorge Hernando, Valérie Hervieu, Johannes Hofland, Pernille Holmager, Frediano Inzani, Henning Jann, Paula Jimenez-Fonseca, Enes Kaçmaz, Daniel Kaemmerer, Gregory Kaltsas, Branislav Klimacek, Ulrich Knigge, Agnieszka Kolasińska-Ćwikła, Walter Kolb, Beata Kos-Kudła, Catarina Alisa Kunze, Stefania Landolfi, Stefano La Rosa, Carlos López López, Kerstin Lorenz, Maurice Matter, Peter Mazal, Claudia Mestre-Alagarda, Patricia Morales del Burgo, Els J M Nieveen van Dijkum, Kira Oleinikov, Lorenzo A Orci, Francesco Panzuto, Marianne Pavel, Marine Perrier, Henrik Mikael Reims, Guido Rindi, Anja Rinke, Maria Rinzivillo, Xavier Sagaert, Ilker Satiroglu, Andreas Selberherr, Alexander R Siebenhüner, Margot E T Tesselaar, Michael J Thalhammer, Espen Thiis-Evensen, Christos Toumpanakis, Timon Vandamme, José G van den Berg, Alessandro Vanoli, Marie-Louise F van Velthuysen, Chris Verslype, Stephan A Vorburger, Alessandro Lugli, John Ramage, Marcel Zwahlen, Aurel Perren, Reto M Kaderli
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2023)
Immunogenicity and safety in healthy adults of full dose versus half doses of COVID-19 vaccine (ChAdOx1-S or BNT162b2) or full-dose CoronaVac administered as a booster dose after priming with CoronaVac: a randomised, observer-masked, controlled trial in Indonesia
Authors: Eddy Fadlyana, Djatnika Setiabudi, C B Kartasasmita, Nina Dwi Putri, Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro, Kim Mulholland, Yulia Sofiatin, Hendarsyah Suryadinata, Yovita Hartantri, Hadyana Sukandar, Agnes Rengga Indrati, Chrysanti Murad, Vivi Setiawaty, Krisna Nur Andriana Pangesti, Pretty Multihartina, Citra Vravita Khrisna, Masayu Riela Ayuninda, Pratama Wicaksana, Aqila Sakina Zhafira, Robert Sinto, Kusnandi Rusmil, Julitasari Sundoro, Emma Watts, Cattram Nguyen
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2023)
Lung Ventilation-Perfusion Scan in COVID-19
Authors: Farivash Karamian, Ramin Sadeghi, Emran Askari
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Although COVID-19 infection is associated with the increased risk of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), COVID-19 pulmonary lesions cause ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) patterns other than PTE. Although extensive research has been done to address different anatomical patterns of COVID-19, there is a knowledge gap in terms of V/Q lung scintigraphy in these patients. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate these patterns and to show how important it is to use SPECT/CT in addition to planar images to differentiate between these patterns from PTE. In the current collection, we presented various patterns of V/Q SPECT/CT abnormalities in COVID-19 patients.
Structural and Functional Brain Changes in Acute Takotsubo Syndrome
Authors: Hilal Khan, David T. Gamble, Amelia Rudd, Alice M. Mezincescu, Hassan Abbas, Awsan Noman, Andrew Stewart, Graham Horgan, Rajeev Krishnadas, Christopher Williams, Gordon D. Waiter, Dana K. Dawson
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2023)

Takotsubo syndrome mimics an acute myocardial infarction, typically in the aftermath of mental or physical stress.The mechanism by which emotional processing in the context of stress leads to significant cardiac injury is poorly understood, so a full exploration of brain structure and function in takotsubo syndrome patients merits investigation.Twenty-five acute (<5 days) takotsubo patients and 25 control subjects were recruited into this observational cross-sectional study. Surface-based morphometry was carried out on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans to extract cortical morphology based on volume, thickness, and surface area with the use of Freesurfer. Cortical morphology general linear models were corrected for age, sex, photoperiod, and total brain volume. Resting-state functional MRI and diffusion tensor tractography images were preprocessed and analyzed with the use of the Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Diffusion Toolbox and Functional Connectivity Toolbox.There was significantly smaller total white matter and subcortical gray matter volumes in takotsubo (P < 0.001), with smaller total brain surface area but increased total cortical thickness (both P < 0.001). Individual gray matter regions (hippocampus and others) were significantly smaller in takotsubo (P < 0.001); only thalamus and insula were larger (P < 0.001). There was significant hyperfunctional and hypofunctional connectivity in multiple areas, including thalamus-amygdala-insula and basal ganglia (P < 0.05). All structural tractography connections were increased in takotsubo (P < 0.05).The authors showed smaller gray and white matter volumes driven by smaller cortical surface area, but increased cortical thickness and structural tractography connections with bidirectional changes in functional connectivity linked to emotion, language, reasoning, perception, and autonomic control. These are interventional targets in takotsubo patients' rehabilitation.
Wide-area transepithelial sampling of Barrett’s epithelium: “WATS” the benefit?
Authors: Wladyslaw Januszewicz
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Regular surveillance of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is recommended by all leading gastroenterology societies worldwide [1] [2]. The rationale for such a strategy is supported by several retrospective studies that have demonstrated reduced esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC)-related mortality and earlier stage diagnosis of cancer in patients receiving endoscopic monitoring as compared with patients not undergoing surveillance [3].
Longer-Term Effects of Remote Patient Management Following Hospital Discharge After Acute Systolic Heart Failure
Authors: Christiane E. Angermann, Susanne Sehner, Hermann Faller, Gülmisal Güder, Caroline Morbach, Stefan Frantz, Karl Wegscheider, Georg Ertl, Stefan T. Störk
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2023)

The randomized INH (Interdisciplinary Network Heart Failure) trial (N = 715) reported that 6 months' remote patient management (RPM) (HeartNetCare-HF) did not reduce the primary outcome (time to all-cause death/rehospitalization) vs usual care (UC) in patients discharged after admission for acute heart failure, but suggested lower mortality and better quality of life in the RPM group.The Extended (E)-INH trial investigated the effects of 18 months' HeartNetCare-HF on the same primary outcome in an expanded population (N = 1,022) and followed survivors up to 60 months (primary outcome events) or up to 120 months (mortality) after RPM termination.Eligible patients aged ≥18 years, hospitalized for acute heart failure, and with predischarge ejection fraction ≤40% were randomized to RPM (RPM+UC; n = 509) or control (UC; n = 513). Follow-up visits were every 6 months during RPM, and then at 36, 60, and 120 months.The primary outcome did not differ between groups at 18 months (60.7% [95% CI: 56.5%-65.0%] vs 61.2% [95% CI: 57.0%-65.4%]) or 60 months (78.1% [95% CI: 74.4%-81.6%] vs 82.8% [95% CI: 79.5%-86.0%]). At 60 and 120 months, all-cause mortality was lower in patients previously undergoing RPM (41.1% [95% CI: 37.0%-45.5%] vs 47.4% [95% CI: 43.2%-51.8%]; P = 0.040 and 64.0% [95% CI: 59.8%-68.2%] vs 69.6% [95% CI: 65.6%-73.5%]; P = 0.019). At all visits, health-related quality of life was better in patients exposed to HeartNetCare-HF vs UC.Although 18 months' HeartNetCare-HF did not significantly reduce the primary outcome of death or rehospitalization at 60 months, lower 120-month mortality in patients previously undergoing HeartNetCare-HF suggested beneficial longer-term effects, although the possibility of a chance finding remains.
Corrigendum to: “An international genome-wide meta-analysis of primary biliary cholangitis: Novel risk loci and candidate drugs” [J Hepatol 75 (2021) 572-581]
Authors: Heather J. Cordell, James J. Fryett, Kazuko Ueno, Rebecca Darlay, Yoshihiro Aiba, Yuki Hitomi, Minae Kawashima, Nao Nishida, Seik-Soon Khor, Olivier Gervais, Yosuke Kawai, Masao Nagasaki, Katsushi Tokunaga, Ruqi Tang, Yongyong Shi, Zhiqiang Li, Brian D. Juran, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, Alessio Gerussi, Marco Carbone, Rosanna Asselta, Angela Cheung, Mariza de Andrade, Aris Baras, Julie Horowitz, Manuel A.R. Ferreira, Dylan Sun, David E. Jones, Steven Flack, Ann Spicer, Victoria L. Mulcahy, Jinyoung Byan, Younghun Han, Richard N. Sandford, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, Christopher I. Amos, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Michael F. Seldin, Pietro Invernizzi, Katherine A. Siminovitch, Xiong Ma, Minoru Nakamura, George F. Mells
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2023)
Tracking immune correlates of protection for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Eric J Nilles, Cecilia Then Paulino, Michael de St Aubin, William Duke, Petr Jarolim, Isaac Miguel Sanchez, Kristy O Murray, Colleen L Lau, Emily Zielinski Gutiérrez, Ronald Skewes Ramm, Marietta Vasquez, Adam Kucharski
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2023)
Artificial intelligence in endoscopic assessment of ulcerative colitis: virtual painting with PICaSSO
Authors: Silvio Danese
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Interobserver variability limits the precise assessment of endoscopic activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, there is increasing interest in computer models to overcome the variability between endoscopists. In the current issue of Endoscopy, Iacucci and the PICaSSO group present the “new kid on the block” of artificial intelligence (AI) systems for the evaluation of inflammatory activity in ulcerative colitis (UC) [1].
Patient Eligibility for Established and Novel Guideline-Directed Medical Therapies After Acute Heart Failure Hospitalization
Authors: Nima Moghaddam, Nathaniel M. Hawkins, Robert McKelvie, Stephanie Poon, Sebastien Xavier Joncas, John MacFadyen, George Honos, Jia Wang, Carlos Rojas-Fernandez, Melanie Kok, Vishaldeep Sidhu, Shelley Zieroth, Sean A. Virani
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2023)
Augmentation of Natriuretic Peptide Bioactivity via Combined Inhibition of Neprilysin and Phosphodiesterase-9 in Heart Failure
Authors: Nicola J.A. Scott, Timothy C.R. Prickett, Christopher J. Charles, Christopher M. Frampton, A. Mark Richards, Miriam T. Rademaker
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2023)
Negative Predictive Value and Prognostic Associations of Rb-82 PET/CT with Myocardial Blood Flow in CAV
Authors: Bryan Q. Abadie, Nicholas Chan, Zarina Sharalaya, Pavan Bhat, Serge Harb, Miriam Jacob, Randall C. Starling, W.H. Wilson Tang, Paul C. Cremer, Wael A. Jaber
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2023)
Elimination of the “Increased Risk” Label Has Not Improved Donor Heart Utilization in the U.S.
Authors: Dane C. Paneitz, Stanley B. Wolfe, Jasmine Proudian, Seyed Alireza Rabi, Selena Li, Eriberto Michel, Rachna Kataria, Van-Khue Ton, David A. D’Alessandro, Asishana A. Osho
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2023)
Constancy of Purpose for Improving Patient Safety — Missing in Action
Authors: Donald M. Berwick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

The 20th-century statistician and quality scholar W. Edwards Deming proposed the "14 Points for Top Leaders" — a checklist of management principles for executives who wish to nurture improvement in complex systems. First on his list was "constancy of purpose for improvement."1 In Deming's view, when leaders slacken their visible commitment to a goal, progress slows or stalls. For a period of time after the publication of the 2000 report by the Institute of Medicine (now known as the National Academy of Medicine) titled, "To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System,"2 improving patient safety was a priority in . . .
Timing of Active Left Ventricular Unloading in Patients on Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy
Authors: Benedikt Schrage, Jonas Sundermeyer, Stefan Blankenberg, Pascal Colson, Dennis Eckner, Matthias Eden, Ingo Eitel, Derk Frank, Norbert Frey, Tobias Graf, Paulus Kirchhof, Danny Kupka, Ulf Landmesser, Axel Linke, Nicolas Majunke, Norman Mangner, Octavian Maniuc, Johannes Mierke, Sven Möbius-Winkler, David A. Morrow, Marc Mourad, Peter Nordbeck, Martin Orban, Federico Pappalardo, Sandeep M. Patel, Matthias Pauschinger, Vittorio Pazzanese, Darko Radakovic, P. Christian Schulze, Clemens Scherer, Robert H.G. Schwinger, Carsten Skurk, Holger Thiele, Anubodh Varshney, Lukas Wechsler, Dirk Westermann
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2023)
Spirometry in 2022: Is a Single Set of Prediction Equations for All the Best Path Forward?
Authors: David M. Mannino, Mary C. Townsend
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

"Spirometry in 2022: Is a Single Set of Prediction Equations for All the Best Path Forward?." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp. –
Real-Time fMRI Functional Connectivity Neurofeedback Reducing Repetitive Negative Thinking in Depression: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Proof-of-Concept Trial
Authors: Aki Tsuchiyagaito, Masaya Misaki, Namik Kirlic, Xiaoqian Yu, Stella M Sánchez, Gabe Cochran, Jennifer L Stewart, Ryan Smith, Kate D Fitzgerald, Michael L Rohan, Martin P Paulus, Salvador M Guinjoan
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2023)

Introduction: Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a cognitive process focusing on self-relevant and negative experiences, leading to a poor prognosis of major depressive disorder (MDD). We previously identified that connectivity between the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) was positively correlated with levels of RNT. Objective: In this double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled, proof-of-concept trial, we employed real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback (rtfMRI-nf) to delineate the neural processes that may be causally linked to RNT and could potentially become treatment targets for MDD. Methods: MDD-affected individuals were assigned to either active (n = 20) or sham feedback group (n = 19). RNT was measured by the Ruminative Response Scale-brooding subscale (RRS-B) before and 1 week after the intervention. Results: Individuals in the active but not in the sham group showed a significant reduction in the RRS-B; however, a greater reduction in the PCC-rTPJ connectivity was unrelated to a greater reduction in the RRS-B. Exploratory analyses revealed that a greater reduction in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC)-rTPJ connectivity yielded a more pronounced reduction in the RRS-B in the active but not in the sham group. Conclusions: RtfMRI-nf was effective in reducing RNT. Considering the underlying mechanism of rtfMIR-nf, the RSC and rTPJ could be part of a network (i.e., default mode network) that might collectively affect the intensity of RNT. Understanding the relationship between the functional organization of targeted neural changes and clinical metrics, such as RNT, has the potential to guide the development of mechanism-based treatment of MDD.