tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Controlled Comparison of Oral Twice-weekly and Oral Daily Isoniazid plus PAS in Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A controlled clinical trial was undertaken in 247 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis to assess the relative efficacies of a fully supervised twice-weekly oral regimen of isoniazid plus PAS (para-aminosalicylic acid) and a standard self-administered daily regimen of the same drugs following an initial intensive phase of two weeks of daily streptomycin, PAS, and isoniazid. Among patients who had isoniazid-sensitive cultures initially and who attended the clinic regularly the numbers with a favourable bacteriological response at the end of the year of chemotherapy were 79 (88%) out of 90 for the twice-weekly regimen and 72 (87%) out of 83 for the daily regimen; the numbers of patients with considerable radiographic improvement were 54 (60%) and 53 (64%) respectively. Complaints of vomiting or diarrhoea that did not require a reduction of the PAS dosage were made on one or two occasions by 23(21%) out of 109 twice-weekly and 25 (23%) out of 108 daily patients, and on at least three occasions by 4 (4%) and 12 (11%) respectively. Finally, all five patients who had chemotherapy changed on account of hypersensitivity to PAS had been receiving the daily regimen, as also had one patient who died of agranulocytosis.
Chemical Analysis and Biological Testing of a Polar Fraction of Ambient Air, Diesel Engine, and Gasoline Engine Particulate Extracts
Authors: Michael Strandell, Susanne Zakrisson, Tomas Alsberg, Roger Westerholm, Lars Winquist, Ulf Rannug
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Extracts of gasoline and diesel vehicle exhaust and ambient air particles were fractionated into five fractions according to polarity on a silica gel col- umn.Two medium polar fractions showing high genotoxic activity in the Ames test were further subfractionated, using normal-phase high-perfor- mance liquid chromatography.Chemical analyses were performed by means of gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry and flame ionization and detection.The crude extracts, fractions, and subfractions were assayed with the Ames test, with and without S9, and the most abun- dant compounds in the subfractions are reported.-Environ Health Perspect 1 02(Suppl 4): 85-92 (1994).
Abstract 945: Oligodendrocytes might up-regulate the Invasiveness of glioblastoma cells via angiopoietin-2 signaling
Authors: Toshiyuki Kawashima
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Background &amp; Aims: Glioblastoma (GBM, WHO Grade IV) is considered as the most lethal neoplasm of all solid cancers due to its inherent intensive invasiveness. GBM may arise de novo, or following progression from lower grade gliomas. Recently, solid tumor progression has been recognized as the product of an evolving crosstalk between the cancer cells and its surrounding glial cells. The intensive invasion activity of GBM cells might be regulated by surrounding normal cells such as oligodendrocytes or fibroblasts. In this study, we evaluated the interactive factors between GBM cells and normal glial cells to determine the role of oligodendrocytes in regulating the invasiveness of glioblastoma cells. Methods: Two GBM cell lines, T98G and U251, were used. Two oligodendrocyte cell lines, ODC1 and ODC2, were derived one each from surgical tissues of patients with low-grade glioma (WHO Grade II). Two fibroblasts cell lines, GF1 and GF2, were derived one each from surgical tissues of patients with GBM. Oligodendrocytes and fibroblasts were confirmed by immuno-histochemical staining. The invasive property of GBM cells was analyzed in the presence or absence of conditioned medium from oligodendrocytes or fibroblasts by wound-healing assay and Boyden chamber invasion assay. The proliferation ability of GBM cells was examined by MTT assay. Subsequently Cytokine array was used to examine the cytokines and growth factors in the conditioned medium from oligodendrocytes or fibroblasts. Results: Oligodendrocyte cells, ODC1 and ODC2 cells, significantly (p&amp;lt;0.01) increased the migration and invasion ability of GBM cells, T98G and U251. In contrast, fibroblasts, GF1 and GF2 cells, did not affect the migration and invasion ability of GBM cells. Cytokine array indicated that Angiopoietin-2 was found in the conditioned medium from oligodendrocytes, but not that from fibroblasts. Angiopoietin-2 significantly (p&amp;lt;0.01) increased the invasiveness of GBM, but not their proliferation ability. Conclusion: Oligodendrocytes might up-regulation of the invasiveness of GBM cells via angiopoietin-2 signaling pathway. Hence, angiopoietin-2 can be considered as a promising target for the treatment of malignant gliomas. Citation Format: Toshiyuki Kawashima. Oligodendrocytes might up-regulate the Invasiveness of glioblastoma cells via angiopoietin-2 signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 945. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-945
“Underpowered” trials
Authors: Malcolm Griffiths
Journal: The Lancet (1997)

S J L Edwards and colleagues (Sept 13, p 804)1Edwards SJL Lilford RJ Braunholtz D Jackson J Why “underpowered” trials are not necessarily unethical.Lancet. 1997; 350: 804-807Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (85) Google Scholar point out that “underpowered” trials are not necessarily unethical. But we must be wary of the more extreme view-that underpowered trials are ethical. Underpowered trials are often also poorly designed: poor randomisation, ill-defined endopoints, poor supervision, inadequately experienced researchers, and little or no consideration of power tend to go hand in hand. Edwards and co-workers contend that a little information is better than no information at all. They suggest that a group of small underpowered trials can be collected together later as the basis of a sufficiently powerful systematic review to correctly inform patient care. Sadly, many underpowered studies do not enter the public domain (medical journals are unlikely to publish such trials) to become the fodder of meta-analysis, so they are not repeated elsewhere. Worse, an individual researcher's underpowered study may adversely affect that clinician's practice, leading them to prescribe dangerous or ineffective treatment. Local research ethics committees should remain wary of underpowered trials. They may give cautious approval to some studies provided that: the project is otherwise sound; the researchers have at least acknowledged and addressed the power issue; that there is an assurance that the researchers will put their results into the public domain, preferably by registering the trial on an appropriate database; that others may repeat the study and that a larger study is not possible; and that the researchers' clinical practice will not be inappropriately affected by non-significant results of their trial. The author is a member of South Bedfordshire LREC. Prof Lilford and the author are both collaborators in the growth restriction intervention trial.
Correction
Authors: S Ramiro, C Stolwijk, A van Tubergen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

In the last column of table 2 the figures are correct, but they have inadvertently been changed between rows.Consequently, the last sentence of the second section of the results (entitled 'Progression in mSASSS') should be adjusted to: 'When taking only the first 2 year interval into consideration, 46% of patients did not show any mSASSS progression, 25% showed progression ≥2 units and 12% showed progression ≥5 units.'The corrected table 2 is given below.
Differential Behavioral Responsivity to d-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 352: The effect of anti-TNF-alpha Ab in AOM/DSS-induced colitic cancer mouse model
Authors: Shinobu Ohnuma, Wang Dang Yang, Hideyuki Suzuki, Keigo Kanehara, Hideaki Karasawa, Atsushi Kohyama, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Koh Miura, Takashi Kamei, Takeshi Naitoh, Michiaki Unno
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Aim: To reveal whether anti TNF-α antibody (Ab) induces colon carcinogenesis or not in colitic cancer models. Methods: The effects of TNF-α and anti TNF-α Ab were analyzed with cell-proliferation, migration, and invasion assays in human colon cancer cell lines, in vitro. Then, the effects of anti TNF-α Ab, infliximab (10 mg/kg, i.p.) were investigated with drug-induced colitis-associated colon cancer model by azoxymethane (AOM: 10 mg/kg, i.p.)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS: 2.5%, oral) in vivo. Results: 50 ng/ml of TNF-α inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCT8 and COLO205, however, anti TNF-α Ab offset the TNF-α mediated-inhibition in vitro. Infliximab significantly attenuated the development of colon cancers in AOM/DSS treated mice. The microarray analyses revealed that mast cell related genes (mast cell protease1, mast cell protease 2, chymase 1, etc) were down-regulated in cancer tissues of the infliximab-treated AOM/DSS mice. The results of microarray were validated by real-time RT-PCR. Finally, the number of mast cells were also reduced in those mice. Conclusions: Mast cell may have a pivotal role in the development of colitic cancer. Anti TNF-α Ab may prevent colitic cancer in the patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Citation Format: Shinobu Ohnuma, Wang Dang Yang, Hideyuki Suzuki, Keigo Kanehara, Hideaki Karasawa, Atsushi Kohyama, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Koh Miura, Takashi Kamei, Takeshi Naitoh, Michiaki Unno. The effect of anti-TNF-alpha Ab in AOM/DSS-induced colitic cancer mouse model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 352.
Hepatoma in a child with methotrexate-induced hepatic fibrosis
Authors: F. B. Ruymann
Journal: JAMA (1977)

During autopsy, an 11-year-old girl with acute lymphocytic leukemia was found to have hepatic fibrosis with a 2.5-cm nodule of hepatocarcinoma. For 5 1/2 of the six years of treatment, chemotherapy consisted of daily orally administered methotrexate with monthly doses of vincristine sulfate and prednisone. The cumulative dose of methotrexate was 2.5 g. To our knwoledge, this report constitutes the first association of hepatoma with methotrexate-induced hepatic fibrosis. A careful follow-up of patients receiving methotrexate for malignant neoplasms is urged; caution is suggested in the prolonged use of methotrexate when treating benign disease. (<i>JAMA</i>238:2631-2633, 1977)
Ranitidine
Authors: Williamson B. Strum
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Ranitidine is an H<sub>2</sub>-receptor antagonist that was released recently for use in the treatment of acute duodenal ulcer disease, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and systemic mastocytosis with gastric hypersecretion. The pharmacokinetics, efficacy, adverse effects, and clinical utility of ranitidine are presented. The drug is similar in therapeutic effect to its predecessor, cimetidine, yet has certain advantages over cimetidine in clinical applications. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:1894-1896)
A Text-Book of Gynecology
Journal: JAMA (1901)

This is a composite book—a book with many authors. It is the kind that the average book agent will insist is, and must be, good because so many good men have contributed to it. The reviewer believes that, as a rule, the opposite is true, viz., that when the responsibility is divided the result is likely to be as the meal prepared by many cooks. However, in the book before us the editor has come as near to eliminating the objections to a composite book as one could wish. While there are thirty-one contributors, a thorough editorial revision has made a uniformity of style and expression throughout that would have been impossible with such a large number of contributors had this not been made. The awkwardness, the lack of continuity of thought, and the repetition that is so common when many contributors write on allied subjects, have all been eliminated.
Women need more and better information on menopause from their physicians, says survey
Authors: T. Randall
Journal: JAMA (1993)

WOMEN receive most of their information on menopause from nonphysician sources, and when physicians do address the subject with their patients, the discussion is not likely to cover the issues that concern women most, according to a survey sponsored by the North American Menopause Society. Of the physical and emotional effects associated with menopause, women most frequently cited osteoporosis (33%), emotional well-being (28%), and heart disease (27%) as their greatest concerns. However, of the women who reported these conditions as their greatest concerns, only about half said that their physicians had discussed emotional symptoms or heart disease with them (52% and 46%, respectively), and two thirds said that their physicians had discussed osteoporosis. The physicians, rather, were most likely to discuss the short-term physical symptoms, such as hot flashes and night sweats (as did 61%). The survey, conducted by the Gallop Organization, examines women's attitudes about and experience with menopause.
EPND-13. YAP1-MAMLD1 FUSIONS ALONE ARE SUFFICIENT TO FORM SUPRATENTORIAL EPENDYMOMA-LIKE TUMORS IN MICE
Authors: Kristian W. Pajtler, Sebastian Brabetz, David Capper, Mikaella Vouri, Monika Mauermann, Norman Mack, Laura Sieber, Hendrik Witt, David T. W. Jones, Andrey Korshunov, Stefan M. Pfister, Marcel Kool, Daisuke Kawauchi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Oncogenic fusions containing RELA or YAP1 have recently been identified as genetic hallmarks of distinct molecular subgroups of supratentorial ependymomas (ST-EPN), designated as ST-EPN-RELA and ST-EPN-YAP1, respectively. The lack of adequate models for ST-EPN-YAP1 has so far hindered the development of effective targeted therapies for these tumors. In an attempt to model this subgroup, YAP1-MAMLD1 was constructed and cloned upstream of IRES-Luciferase into the pT2K transposable vector. The resulting plasmid was injected together with the Tol2 transposase into the lateral ventricle of E13.5 wildtype mouse embryos followed by transfection using an electroporation-based in vivo gene transfer approach. After birth, YAP1-MAMLD1-expressing tumors, monitored using luciferase-based in vivo bioluminescence imaging, developed rapidly with 100% penetrance, indicating that the fusion alone is enough to initiate tumors. Resulting tumors resembled molecular characteristics of their human counterparts and were distinct from mouse tumors driven by the C11orf95-RELA fusion. As in human tumors the YAP1-MAMLD1 protein was predominantly compartmentalized to the nuclei even when phosphorylated at serine residue 127, which normally retains YAP1 in the cytoplasm. The MAMLD1 domain was found to be crucial for nuclear translocation of the fusion protein. Intriguingly, amino acid replacement of serine 94 with alanine, which prevents interaction of YAP1 with Tead transcription factors, inhibited tumor formation. Conserved tumorigenic potential of transformed cells was confirmed by subsequent orthotopic transplantation of these tumor cells into immunocompromised recipient mice. We thus provide a novel model for ST-EPN-YAP1 ependymomas, which is currently entering first preclinical settings, especially by targeting YAP1-Tead interaction with preexisting drugs.
Clouds
Authors: GEORGE DUNEA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Ad Libitum1 January 1980CloudsGEORGE DUNEA, M.D.GEORGE DUNEA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-1-124 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHere sits Chaerephon, up in the clouds, 41000 feet over Sparta, New Jersey, treading the air and looking down on the sun, strapped in his metal basket, connected to a nine-station musical stethoscope, suspending his judgement, and subtly blending his intellect with the mystic vapors from a bottle of Fratelli Bolla, produttori di Verona. On the tray is a pile of Babylonian Euphrates sesame wafers; a cup of tasteless yet seemingly indispensable American coffee laced with cancerogenic saccharin; a complimentary copy of theAmbassador; and a special Oktoberfest cardboard lunch with pictures of plethoric boys in short trousers, playing the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1980Volume 92, Issue 1Page: 124-124KeywordsCoffee ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
Avoidance of false-negative blood culture results by rapid detection of pneumococcal antigen
Authors: G. W. Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1984)

False-negative blood culture results may occur in children with pneumococcal bacteremia due to bacterial autolysis. We describe four patients with pneumococcal bacteremia whose aerobic blood cultures showed partial or complete autolysis of the pneumococci. Pneumococcal antigen, however, was rapidly detected in media from the blood culture bottles, using an agglutination assay. Processing of the media before analysis was necessary to prevent nonspecific agglutination and to allow the detection of a specific reaction. It is important that physicians and laboratory personnel be aware that pneumococci may rapidly autolyze during incubation, yielding false-negative culture results. Antigen detection methods may provide rapid and specific identification of the etiologic agent. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:1742-1743)
THE CONTAGIOUSNESS OF CANCER
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ANATOMIC CAUSES OF THE DISTURBANCES OF COMPENSATION IN VALVULAR HEART LESIONS.
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Actual Causes of Death in the United States
Authors: Jetson E. Lincoln
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —If cigarette smoking is as lethal as authorities continue to say it is,<sup>1</sup>why have the experimental outcomes of randomized intervention trials<sup>2-5</sup>failed to date to indicate (by generating greater mortality rate reductions among baseline-defined smokers than among baseline-defined nonsmokers) that successful smoking cessation guidance prolongs survival? How can the outstanding longevity of Japanese men be reconciled with a smoking prevalence among them that is higher than for most other countries? Why is the approximate 4.6:1 ratio of male-to-female cigarette smoking prevalence for Japan, vs only about 1.3:1 for the United States, not reflected in a wider gap between men's and women's life expectancy for the Japanese than for the Americans? <h3>Financial Disclosure.</h3> —Mr Lincoln has about 20% of his pension under the control of Philip Morris, and about 15% of his net worth is in tobacco company securities.
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Selective Internal Radiotherapy Plus Chemotherapy for ICC 51In this open-label, single-arm phase 2 trial, Edeline and colleagues evaluated concomitant first-line chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine with selective internal radiotherapy for treatment of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).A total of 41 patients were enrolled.The combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy had antitumor activity in unresectable ICC, and a significant proportion of patients were downstaged to surgical intervention.Scott and Shroff provide an Editorial.
Effect of spironolactone on plasma brain natriuretic peptide and left ventricular remodeling in patients with congestive heart failure Takayoshi Tsutamoto, Atsuyuki Wada, Keiko Maeda, Naoko Mabuchi, Masaru Hayashi, Takashi Tsutsui, Masato Ohnishi, Masahide Sawaki, Masanori Fujii, Takehiro Matsumoto, Takashi Yamamoto, Toshiki Matsui, Masahiko Kinoshita. Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)