tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bifocal stance theory, the transmission metaphor, and institutional reality
Authors: Martin J Packer, Michael Cole
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Biologists have replaced the metaphor of "genetic transmission" with a detailed account of the molecular mechanisms underlying the phenomenon which Darwin referred to as "like produces like." Cultural evolution theorists, in contrast, continue to appeal to "imitation" or "copying." The notion of ritual and instrumental stances does not resolve this issue, and ignores the institutions in which people live.
Association Between Cancer Center Accreditation and Compliance With Price Disclosure of Common Oncologic Surgical Procedures
Authors: Yuqi Zhang, Marcelo Cerullo, Andrew Esposito, Vishnukamal Golla
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022)

Background: Cancer center accreditation status is predicated on several factors that measure high-value healthcare. However, price transparency, which is critical in healthcare decisions, is not a quality measure included for accreditation. We reported the rates of price disclosure of surgical procedures for 5 cancers (breast, lung, cutaneous melanoma, colon, and prostate) among hospitals ranked by the American College of Surgeon’s Commission on Cancer (ACS-CoC). Methods: We identified nonfederal, adult, and noncritical access ACS-CoC accredited hospitals and used the commercial Turquoise Health database to perform a cross-sectional analysis of hospital price disclosures for 5 common oncologic procedures (mastectomy, lobectomy, wide local excision for cutaneous melanoma, partial colectomy, prostatectomy). Publicly available financial reporting data were used to compile facility-specific features, including bed size, teaching status, Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid wage index, and patient revenues. Modified Poisson regression evaluated the association between price disclosure and ACS-CoC accreditation after adjusting for hospital financial performance. Results: Of 1,075 total ACS-CoC accredited hospitals, 544 (50.6%) did not disclose prices for any of the surgical procedures and only 313 (29.1%) hospitals reported prices for all 5 procedures. Of the 5 oncologic procedures, prostatectomy and lobectomy had the lowest price disclosure rates. Disclosing and nondisclosing hospitals significantly differed in ACS-CoC accreditation, ownership type, and teaching status. Hospitals that disclosed prices were more likely to receive Medicaid disproportionate share hospital payments, have lower average charge to cost ratios (4.53 vs 5.15; P &lt;.001), and have lower net hospital margins (−2.03 vs 0.44; P =.005). After adjustment, a 1-point increase in markup was associated with a 4.8% (95% CI, 2.2%–7.4%; P &lt;.001) higher likelihood of nondisclosure. Conclusions: More than half of the hospitals did not disclose prices for any of the 5 most common oncologic procedures despite ACS-CoC accreditation. It remains difficult to obtain price transparency for common oncologic procedures even at centers of excellence, signaling a discordance between quality measures visible to patients.
Representational exchange in social learning: Blurring the lines between the ritual and instrumental
Authors: Natalia Vélez, Charley M. Wu, Fiery A. Cushman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

We propose that human social learning is subject to a trade-off between the cost of performing a computation and the flexibility of its outputs. Viewing social learning through this lens sheds light on cases that seem to violate bifocal stance theory (BST) - such as high-fidelity imitation in instrumental action - and provides a mechanism by which causal insight can be bootstrapped from imitation of cultural practices.
Clinical utility of C-reactive protein-based triage for presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis in South African adults
Authors: Claire J Calderwood, Byron WP Reeve, Tiffeney Mann, Zaida Palmer, Georgina Nyawo, Hridesh Mishra, Gcobisa Ndlangalavu, Ibrahim Abubakar, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Grant Theron, Rishi K Gupta
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Real-life evaluation of a rapid antigen test (DPP SARS-CoV-2 Antigen) for COVID-19 diagnosis of primary healthcare patients, in the context of the Omicron-dominant wave in Brazil
Authors: Matheus Filgueira Bezerra, Lilian Caroliny Amorim Silva, Rômulo Pessoa-e-Silva, Gisele Lino Soares, Filipe Zimmer Dezordi, Gustavo Barbosa Lima, Raul Emídio Lima, Tulio L. Campos, Cassia Docena, Anderson Bruno Oliveira, Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta, Francisco de Assis da Silva Santos, Michelly Pereira, Gabriel Luz Wallau, Marcelo Henrique Santos Paiva
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2022)

We aimed to investigate the real-life performance of the rapid antigen test in the context of a primary healthcare setting, including symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals that sought diagnosis during an Omicron infection wave.We prospectively accessed the performance of the DPP SARS-CoV-2 Antigen test in the context of an Omicron-dominant real-life setting. We evaluated 347 unselected individuals (all-comers) from a public testing centre in Brazil, performing the rapid antigen test diagnosis at point-of-care with fresh samples. The combinatory result from two distinct real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) methods was employed as a reference and 13 samples with discordant PCR results were excluded.The assessment of the rapid test in 67 PCR-positive and 265 negative samples revealed an overall sensitivity of 80.5% (CI 95% = 69.1%-89.2%), specificity of 99.2% (CI 95% = 97.3%-99.1%) and positive/negative predictive values higher than 95%. However, we observed that the sensitivity was dependent on the viral load (sensitivity in Ct < 31 = 93.7%, CI = 82.8%-98.7%; Ct > 31 = 47.4%, CI = 24.4%-71.1%). The positive samples evaluated in the study were Omicron (BA.1/BA.1.1) by whole-genome sequencing (n = 40) and multiplex RT-qPCR (n = 17).Altogether, the data obtained from a real-life prospective cohort supports that the rapid antigen test sensitivity for Omicron remains high and underscores the reliability of the test for COVID-19 diagnosis in settings with high disease prevalence and limited PCR testing capability.
Gamma hydroxy butyrate (GHB)
Authors: R. B. Lane
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> Dr Lane raises an important concern regarding the<i>context</i>in which a drug is used. We agree that GHB, also known as sodium oxybate, may be potentially useful for some legitimate purposes, most notably for treating narcolepsy. Although we were not aware of its use in the developing world, a partial list of other reported uses of GHB includes its use as an anesthetic agent or adjunct in children (as Dr Lane describes),<sup>1,2</sup>as a treatment for ethanol withdrawal,<sup>3</sup>and as a treatment for ischemic conditions.<sup>4,5</sup> At this time, GHB is classified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a drug not approved for marketing in the United States. It can be obtained and used legally under the supervision of a physician by a specific exemption granted for an investigational use protocol. The outbreak of poisonings that was reported in the<i>MMWR</i><sup>6</sup>
Structural and temporal dynamics analysis on drug-eluting stents: History, research hotspots and emerging trends
Authors: Lili Tan, Xiangxiu Wang, Kungshan Yuan, Tieying Yin, Ruolin Du, Li Shen, Zhirong Zhu, Suhua Yu, Haijun Zhang, Guixue Wang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

This review aims to explore the history, research hotspots, and emerging trends of drug-eluting stents(DES)in the last two decades from the perspective of structural and temporal dynamics.Publications on DES were retrieved from WoSCC. The bibliometric tools including CiteSpace and HistCite were used to identify the historical features, the evolution of active topics, and emerging trends on the DES field.In the last 20 years, the field of DES is still in the hot phase and there is a wide range of extensive scientific collaborations. In addition, active topics emerge in different periods, as evidenced by a total of 41 disciplines, 511 keywords, and 1377 papers with citation bursts. Keyword clustering anchored five emerging research subfields, namely #0 dual antiplatelet therapy, #3 drug-coated balloon, #4 bifurcation, 5# rotational atherectomy, and 6# quantitative flow ratio. The keyword alluvial map shows that the most persistent research concepts in this field are thrombosis, restenosis, etc., and the emerging keywords are paclitaxel eluting balloon, coated balloon, drug-eluting balloon, etc. There are 7 recent research subfields anchored by reference clustering, namely #2 dual antiplatelet therapy, #4 drug-coated balloon, #5 peripheral artery disease, #8 fractional flow reserve, #10 bioresorbable vascular scaffold, # 13 intravascular ultrasound, #14 biodegradable polymer.The findings based on the bibliometric studies provide the current status and trends in DES research and may help researchers to identify hot topics and explore new research directions in this field.
Radiofrequency ablation of malignant cervical lymph nodes: an unusual treatment for dysphagia
Authors: Fabrice Caillol, Jean-Philippe Ratone, Mariola Marx, Yanis Dahel, Solene Hoibian, Magali Provansal, Marc Giovannini
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been used for the treatment of nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) < 2 cm [1], functional PNETs (insulinoma) [2], pancreatic metastasis of kidney cancer [3], and isolated cases of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) with worrisome features [4]. We describe the use of RFA to treat a compressive cervical lymph node causing dysphagia ([Video 1]).
Eye-tracking fluoroscopy system: a new artificial intelligence-based system to communicate activate watching of the monitor during endoscopy
Authors: Masaki Takinami, Junichi Kaneko, Megumu Koda, Masafumi Nishino, Takanori Sakaguchi, Shohachi Suzuki, Takanori Yamada
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Minimizing radiation exposure time is one of the three principles of radiation safety. However, fluoroscopy is often used unnecessarily when endoscopists are not looking at the fluoroscopy monitor. Unnecessary radiation exposure is due to the complexity of fluoroscopic endoscopy procedures, wherein multiple operators independently view different parts of multiple monitors. These procedures usually need an endoscopist for endoscope maneuvers and one or more assistants for other devices; therefore, a radiologic technologist, who manages radiation exposure, cannot always monitor the line of sight of all operators at once. As limited tools are available to reduce endoscopic radiation exposure time [1], we developed a new eye-tracking fluoroscopy system that informs the radiologic technologist when the operators' line of sight is directed toward the monitor. It can track the operators' line of sight and flash a "watching" alert on the detection monitor once a line of sight to the fluoroscopy monitor is detected. This system, jointly developed with NEC Corporation (Tokyo, Japan), was designed to detect remote gaze of operators simultaneously using artificial intelligence (AI)-based face-recognition technology. Radiologic technologists can use this system by attaching an external camera to the fluoroscopy monitor ([Fig. 1]) and connecting the camera to the detection monitor and the AI software.
Efficacy of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2022 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Andreas Kerschbaumer, Alexandre Sepriano, Sytske Anne Bergstra, Josef S Smolen, Désirée van der Heijde, Roberto Caporali, Christopher John Edwards, Patrick Verschueren, Savia de Souza, Janet E Pope, Tsutomu Takeuchi, Kimme L Hyrich, Kevin L Winthrop, Daniel Aletaha, Tanja A Stamm, Jan W Schoones, Robert B M Landewé
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)

Objectives To update the evidence on efficacy of DMARDs (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs) and inform the taskforce of the 2022 update of the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) recommendations for management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods This systematic literature review (SLR) investigated the efficacy of conventional synthetic (cs), biological (b), biosimilar and targeted synthetic (ts)DMARDs in patients with RA. Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL and Web of Science were used to identify all relevant articles published since the previous update in 2019 to 14 January 2022. Results Of 8969 search results, 169 articles were selected for detailed review and 47 were finally included. Trials investigated the efficacy of csDMARDs, bDMARDs and tsDMARDs, DMARD switching, tapering and trials investigating different treatment strategies. The compounds investigated were csDMARDs (methotrexate (MTX), leflunomide, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine), bDMARDs (abatacept, adalimumab, certolizumab-pegol, denosumab, etanercept, infliximab, levilimab, olokizumab, opineracept, rituximab, sarilumab, tocilizumab) and tsDMARDs (baricitinib, filgotinib, tofacitinib, upadacitinib). The efficacy of csDMARDs+ short-term glucocorticoids in early RA was confirmed and similar to bDMARD+MTX combination therapy. Interleukin-6 pathway inhibition was effective in trials on olokizumab and levilimab. Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi) was efficacious in different patient populations. After insufficient response to JAKi, patients could respond to TNFi treatment. Tapering of DMARDs was feasible for a proportion of patients, who were able to taper therapy while remaining in low disease activity or remission. Conclusion The results of this SLR, together with one SLR on safety of DMARD and one on glucocorticoids, informed the taskforce of the 2022 update of the EULAR recommendations for pharmacological management of RA.
Intestinal toxicity to CTLA-4 blockade driven by IL-6 and myeloid infiltration
Authors: Yifan Zhou, Yusra B. Medik, Bhakti Patel, Daniel B. Zamler, Sijie Chen, Thomas Chapman, Sarah Schneider, Elizabeth M. Park, Rachel L. Babcock, Taylor T. Chrisikos, Laura M. Kahn, Allison M. Dyevoich, Josue E. Pineda, Matthew C. Wong, Aditya K. Mishra, Samuel H. Cass, Alexandria P. Cogdill, Daniel H. Johnson, Sarah B. Johnson, Khalida Wani, Debora A. Ledesma, Courtney W. Hudgens, Jingjing Wang, Md Abdul Wadud Khan, Christine B. Peterson, Aron Y. Joon, Weiyi Peng, Haiyan S. Li, Reetakshi Arora, Ximing Tang, Maria Gabriela Raso, Xuegong Zhang, Wai Chin Foo, Michael T. Tetzlaff, Gretchen E. Diehl, Karen Clise-Dwyer, Elizabeth M. Whitley, Matthew M. Gubin, James P. Allison, Patrick Hwu, Nadim J. Ajami, Adi Diab, Jennifer A. Wargo, Stephanie S. Watowich
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2022)

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer treatment, yet quality of life and continuation of therapy can be constrained by immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Limited understanding of irAE mechanisms hampers development of approaches to mitigate their damage. To address this, we examined whether mice gained sensitivity to anti-CTLA-4 (αCTLA-4)–mediated toxicity upon disruption of gut homeostatic immunity. We found αCTLA-4 drove increased inflammation and colonic tissue damage in mice with genetic predisposition to intestinal inflammation, acute gastrointestinal infection, transplantation with a dysbiotic fecal microbiome, or dextran sodium sulfate administration. We identified an immune signature of αCTLA-4–mediated irAEs, including colonic neutrophil accumulation and systemic interleukin-6 (IL-6) release. IL-6 blockade combined with antibiotic treatment reduced intestinal damage and improved αCTLA-4 therapeutic efficacy in inflammation-prone mice. Intestinal immune signatures were validated in biopsies from patients with ICB colitis. Our work provides new preclinical models of αCTLA-4 intestinal irAEs, mechanistic insights into irAE development, and potential approaches to enhance ICB efficacy while mitigating irAEs.
Expanding the genomic encyclopedia of Actinobacteria with 824 isolate reference genomes
Authors: Rekha Seshadri, Simon Roux, Katharina J. Huber, Dongying Wu, Sora Yu, Dan Udwary, Lee Call, Stephen Nayfach, Richard L. Hahnke, Rüdiger Pukall, James R. White, Neha J. Varghese, Cody Webb, Krishnaveni Palaniappan, Lorenz C. Reimer, Joaquim Sardà, Jonathon Bertsch, Supratim Mukherjee, T.B.K. Reddy, Patrick P. Hajek, Marcel Huntemann, I-Min A. Chen, Alex Spunde, Alicia Clum, Nicole Shapiro, Zong-Yen Wu, Zhiying Zhao, Yuguang Zhou, Lyudmila Evtushenko, Sofie Thijs, Vincent Stevens, Emiley A. Eloe-Fadrosh, Nigel J. Mouncey, Yasuo Yoshikuni, William B. Whitman, Hans-Peter Klenk, Tanja Woyke, Markus Göker, Nikos C. Kyrpides, Natalia N. Ivanova
Journal: Cell Genomics (2022)

The phylum Actinobacteria includes important human pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Corynebacterium diphtheriae and renowned producers of secondary metabolites of commercial interest, yet only a small part of its diversity is represented by sequenced genomes. Here, we present 824 actinobacterial isolate genomes in the context of a phylum-wide analysis of 6,700 genomes including public isolates and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). We estimate that only 30%–50% of projected actinobacterial phylogenetic diversity possesses genomic representation via isolates and MAGs. A comparison of gene functions reveals novel determinants of host-microbe interaction as well as environment-specific adaptations such as potential antimicrobial peptides. We identify plasmids and prophages across isolates and uncover extensive prophage diversity structured mainly by host taxonomy. Analysis of >80,000 biosynthetic gene clusters reveals that horizontal gene transfer and gene loss shape secondary metabolite repertoire across taxa. Our observations illustrate the essential role of and need for high-quality isolate genome sequences.
Prior Antibodies to Infliximab or Adalimumab Are Related to Immunogenicity to Vedolizumab in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Konstantinos Papamichael, Niels Vande Casteele, Bincy P. Abraham, Timothy Ritter, Anjali Jain, Adam S. Cheifetz
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2022)
Rituximab versus intravenous cyclophosphamide in patients with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease in the UK (RECITAL): a double-blind, double-dummy, randomised, controlled, phase 2b trial
Authors: Toby M Maher, Veronica A Tudor, Peter Saunders, Michael A Gibbons, Sophie V Fletcher, Christopher P Denton, Rachel K Hoyles, Helen Parfrey, Elisabetta A Renzoni, Maria Kokosi, Athol U Wells, Deborah Ashby, Matyas Szigeti, Philip L Molyneaux, Mohammed Akil, Daphne Babalis, Nazia Chaudhuri, Felix Chua, Arnab Data, Dhananjay Desai, Shrish Dubey, Natalie Dwyer, Marcus Flather, Richard Fordham, Carlota Grossi Sampedro, Frances Hall, Ira Jakupovic, Gregory Keir, Bipen Patel, Henry Penn, Arvind Rajasekaran, Lisa G Spencer, Vicky Tsipouri, Zhe Wu, Georgio Xydopoulos, Fernando Zanghelini
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2022)

Rituximab is often used as rescue therapy in interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with connective tissue disease (CTD), but has not been studied in clinical trials. This study aimed to assess whether rituximab is superior to cyclophosphamide as a treatment for severe or progressive CTD associated ILD.
Department of Error
Authors: Dana Bryazka, Max Griswold, Marissa Reitsma, Emmanuela Gakidou
Journal: The Lancet (2022)

We encourage future researchers to design cohort studies with this important relationship in mind.Manthey, Shield, and Rehm suggest our RR results do not incorporate known age-effects and regional effects modifying the relationship between alcohol use and disease outcomes, and C Mary Schooling and Gabriel M Leung note that our RR estimates could reflect survival bias in participant recruitment.Many of the available cohort studies recruit older participants as part of trials on cardiovascular disease or cancers.To properly account for this limitation within a meta-analysis, there need to be studies that recruit across a wider age range with longer study periods.We hope that future cohort studies incorporate a life-course perspective when estimating the health risks of alcohol use, which would mitigate the risk of survivor bias and could increase estimated RRs.We hope that improved study designs that recruit people across broader age groups, include more representative populations, and incorporate heavy episodic drinking into risk estimation will yield stronger and more precise evidence on the health risks of alcohol use.Our results show that the TMREL of alcohol use is sensitive to differences in background rates of disease.As such, we hope policy makers consider local background rates of disease when developing alcohol consumption guidelines.
Real-world Outcomes of Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Treated With Polatuzumab Vedotin-based Therapy
Authors: Lisa Argnani, Alessandro Broccoli, Cinzia Pellegrini, Alberto Fabbri, Benedetta Puccini, Riccardo Bruna, Maria Chiara Tisi, Francesco Masia, Leonardo Flenghi, Maria Elena Nizzoli, Maurizio Musso, Marilena Salerno, Potito Rosario Scalzulli, Daniela Dessi’, Isacco Ferrarini, Elsa Pennese, Elisa Lucchini, Francesca Gaia Rossi, Carla Minoia, Filippo Gherlinzoni, Pellegrino Musto, Caterina Patti, Vittorio Stefoni, Pier Luigi Zinzani
Journal: HemaSphere (2022)

After FDA and EMA approval of the regimen containing polatuzumab vedotin plus rituximab and bendamustine (PolaBR), eligible relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients in Italy were granted early access through a Named Patient Program. A multicentric observational retrospective study was conducted focusing on the effectiveness and safety of PolaBR in everyday clinical practice. Fifty-five patients were enrolled. There were 26 females (47.3%), 32 patients were primary refractory and 45 (81.8%) resulted refractory to their last therapy. The decision to add or not bendamustine was at physician's discretion. Thirty-six patients underwent PolaBR, and 19 PolaR. The 2 groups did not differ in most of baseline characteristics. The final overall response rate was 32.7% (18.2% complete response rate), with a best response rate of 49.1%. Median disease-free survival was reached at 12 months, median progression-free survival at 4.9 months and median overall survival at 9 months, respectively. Overall, 88 adverse events (AEs) were registered during treatment in 31 patients, 22 of grade ≥3. Eight cases of neuropathy occurred, all of grades 1-2 and all related to polatuzumab. The two groups of treatment did not differ for effectiveness endpoints but presented statistically significant difference in AEs occurrence, especially in hematological AEs, in AEs of grade equal or greater than 3 and in incidence of neuropathy. Our data add useful information on the effectiveness of Pola(B)R in the setting of heavily pretreated DLBCL and may also suggest a better tolerability in absence of bendamustine without compromise of efficacy.