tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup W-135 Disease in Adults
Authors: Harvey G. Ouzts
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Brandstetter et al (1981;246:2060) has prompted us to report another case of<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>serogroup W-135 infection in an adult. Our patient had primary pericarditis with cardiac tamponade. An earlier case of tamponade due to this organism was reported by Kwa et al.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 45-year-old, previously healthy man had symptoms suggestive of pericarditis. There was no fever or pericardial rub. The chest x-ray film was normal. The ECG suggested pericarditis with ST-segment elevation. A diagnosis of idiopathic pericarditis was made and the patient was treated with corticosteroids. His condition improved transiently; however, on the fourth hospital day atrial fibrillation, hypotension, and dyspnea developed. An echocardiogram was technically difficult, and no pericardial fluid was demonstrated. Because of the neck vein distention and clinical course, a tamponade was suspected, and pericardiocentesis was done, yielding 200 mL of purulent fluid and relief
Escherichia coli O111:H8 Outbreak Among Teenage Campers--Texas, 1999
Journal: JAMA (2000)

In June 1999, the Tarrant County Health Department reported to the Texas Department of Health (TDH) that a group of teenagers attending a cheerleading camp during June 9-11 became ill with nausea, vomiting, severe abdominal cramps, and diarrhea, some of which was bloody. Two teenagers were hospitalized with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and two others underwent appendectomies. Routine stool cultures from eight ill persons failed to yield a pathogen. Stools subsequently were sent to laboratories at the Texas Department of Health and CDC, where Escherichia coli O111:H8 was isolated from two specimens. This report summarizes the investigation of this outbreak.
The Second Holocaust
Authors: Robert Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1980)

I had the privilege of spending December and January in Khae-I-Dang, a camp for Cambodian refugees just inside Thailand that housed 115,000 and had a field hospital of 2,000. For me, as an individual and as a physician, this was the most rewarding experience of my life. It was probably the closest I will ever come to the kind of fulfillment that rural general practitioners received years ago. However, it was also the most frustrating of experiences because of the difficult conditions and the emotional pain we felt over the inadequacies of supplies, administration, and medical care. It was like the first line in<i>Tale of Two Cities</i>: "the best of times and the worst of times." As food and medical supplies began to reach the camps and the border, we were able to make major inroads in fighting malnutrition and a host of common and uncommon diseases. The lack
Heparin-Induced Hypoaldosteronism
Authors: David Leehey
Journal: JAMA (1981)

HEPARIN sodium and related polysulfonated mucopolysaccharides are known to decrease adrenocortical synthesis of aldosterone. This effect has been demonstrated in normal subjects<sup>1</sup>and in patients with aldosterone-producing adenomas.<sup>2</sup>However, hypoaldosteronism leading to clinically significant hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis appears to be a rare complication of heparin use. We report a case of heparin-induced selective aldosterone deficiency with hyperkalemic hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 56-year-old man with a five-year history of untreated hypertension came to Michael Reese Hospital on Aug 24, 1979, with a one-week history of right-arm weakness and a one-day history of dysarthria. Medical history was otherwise unremarkable; he was taking no medications. Physical examination showed an aphasic man in no acute distress; his pulse rate was 92 beats per minute and regular; respirations, 20/min; blood pressure (BP), 160/108 mm Hg; and temperature, 36.7 °C. Neurological examination disclosed a non-fluent aphasia and mild right-arm
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

LKB1 regulates energy homeostasis and is commonly mutated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Li and colleagues report that Lkb1 (Stk11) loss in Kras-driven mouse models of NSCLC increased tumor heterogeneity, consisting of adenocarcinoma (AC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and mixed tumors.This heterogeneity resulted from p63 (TRP63)-mediated AC to SCC transdifferentiation (AST).AC and SCC from mice and human samples exhibited different redox and metabolic signatures, likely driven by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in AC.Genetic activation of the NRF2 (NFE2L2)-dependent antioxidant program or small-molecule ROS scavengers attenuated AST in cell lines derived from the Kras G12D ;Lkb1 knockout mice, suggesting that ROS modulates plasticity in NSCLC.The ROS-reducing drug phenformin attenuated AC, while increasing SCC in a ROS-dependent manner, consistent with phenformin-induced AST driving resistance.(Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.)
Cautiously optimistic researchers study hyperthermia's potential uses
Authors: Virginia Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The use of heat to treat disease, primarily neoplasms, is an idea medicine has alternately embraced and rejected from at least the time of ancient Greece. Today, it is as controversial as ever, and even the most optimistic researchers are cautiously so as studies continue. "Those diseases that medicines do not cure, iron [surgery?] cures; those that surgery cannot cure, fire cures; those that heat cannot cure are to be reckoned wholly incurable." —Hippocrates (Aphorism 87) Today's "fire" (as mentioned in the above aphorism) is largely in the hands of the radiation oncologists, physicists, engineers, and others who are seeking to make hyperthermia a useful medical tool, based on sound physical and clinical principles. An accumulation of data, both in humans and animals, indicates that tumor cells are particularly sensitive to the destructive effects of temperatures of at least 41.5 °C (106.7 °F). Surrounding tissue appears to be less sensitive.
Home and Medical Center Hemodialysis
Authors: Barbara G. Delano
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Cost of home hemodialysis training was compared with that of continuing hemodialysis at a satellite medical center. The "payback period" was defined as the time after which higher home training and start-up charges equaled and were surpassed by the initially lower satellite charges. This period was 14.4 months. Total cost of home hemodialysis training and start-up at our institution was $15,149.32. Ambulatory medical center hemodialysis during the same period (3 1/2 months) was $6,853.58. Initially, therefore, the cost of home dialysis is $8,295.74 more. However, after 14.4 months, there is an equalization point subsequent to which home hemodialysis costs $7,472.40 less each year. For a subgroup of patients, those with malignant and severe systemic diseases with reduced survival with hemodialysis, home hemodialysis has no economic advantage. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:230-232)
Kirke's Handbook of Physiology.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Economic analysis of two structured treatment and teaching programs on asthma
Authors: M. Neri, G. B. Migliori, A. Spanevello, D. Berra, E. Nicolin, C. V. Landoni, I. Ballardini, M. Sommaruga, P. Zanon
Journal: Allergy (1996)

The aims of the present study were as follows: to evaluate the medical outcomes of two treatment and educational asthma programs to determine by cost‐analysis both cost and economic outcome of the programs to perform a cost‐benefit analysis (determining the net cost‐benefit) and a cost‐effectiveness analysis (determining the cost per unit of effect and the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio) from the perspective of health program policy makers (HPP; indirect costs, i.e., loss of productivity, excluded) and of society as a whole (Saw; all costs included). Patients were randomly assigned to a complete (CP; n = 32) or reduced (RP; n = 33) program: the RP group received a reduced education (self‐reading of an educational booklet on asthma), while the CP group attended an “asthma school”, consisting of six lessons based on the same booklet and including educational videotapes. Both programs included peak‐flow monitoring and treatment according to international guidelines, and follow‐up. The outcome variables (asthma attacks, urgent medical examinations, admission days, working days lost) did not differ significantly between CP and RP. Morbidity savings were $1894.70 (CP) and $1697.80 (RP) according to Saw, and $1349.50 and $1301.80, respectively, according to HPP. The net cost‐benefit was $1181.50 for CP and $1028.00 for RP, and the cost‐benefit ratio per dollar spent was 1:2.6 for CP and 1:2.5 for RP, according to Saw. One day of admission prevented had a cost of $110.20 (CP) and $94.10 (RP). CP gave slightly better results and was slightly more cost‐effective than RP in improving patients' welfare. It cannot be excluded that the retrospective analysis used to determine baseline costs might have inflated differences for both groups. Sensitivity analysis was slightly in favor of RP when the outcome variables were tested at their upper and lower 95% CI.
DNA Repair Synthesis in Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells Treated With Chemical Carcinogens or Ultraviolet Light In Vitro, With Special Reference to Aging and Repair Level
Authors: Takatoshi Ishikawa, Shozo Takayama, Tomoyuki Kitagawa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

A system in which the retinal tissues of noninbred Wistar rats were used in combination with autoradiography was developed for measurement of DNA repair synthesis in ganglion cells of the central nervous system. Retinal tissues in short-term organ culture were treated with various carcinogens plus tritiated thymidine ([methyl-3H]dThd) or were irradiated with UV light and then treated with [methyl-3H]dThd. Preliminary study with retinal tissues from rats at various ages revealed no age-associated changes in the levels of unscheduled DNA synthesis in ganglion cells.
The Microtomist's Vade-Mecum. A Handbook of the Methods of Microscopic Anatomy.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

The tricarbocylic acid (TCA) cycle is essential to maintenance of oxidative phosphorylation and an important source of biosynthetic precursors in cancer cells. CPI-613 is a novel inhibitor of 2 key TCA cycle enzymes. Pardee and colleagues report on the results a phase I clinical trial of CPI-613, demonstrating that it was well tolerated and several patients had dramatic and sustained responses. Gene expression profiling of the responding versus nonresponding patients suggested increased immune activation in the responders. This study is the first demonstration of activity and safety of an agent that inhibits the TCA cycle and represents an exciting new weapon in the war on cancer.The benefit of postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) is suspected to be heterogeneous. Tramm and colleagues have identified a gene profile attaining prognostic and predictive impact from microarray-analysis and fresh frozen tissue from 191 high-risk, breast cancer patients randomized to +/− PMRT. The gene profile identified a subgroup of patients not benefiting from radiotherapy in terms of locoregional recurrence. The gene profile was transferred to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material (FFPE) and qRT-PCR, and hereafter independently validated in FFPE from another set of patients. This study is the first to present a gene profile predictive of benefit from PMRT, and the gene profile may potentially assist in individualizing PMRT.Rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels after radical prostatectomy (RP) can indicate prostate cancer recurrence years before clinical metastasis. The time interval between PSA recurrence and metastasis can be so long that patients may die of other causes before metastasis; in these cases, recurrence is overdetected and salvage treatments cannot provide benefit. By using established datasets on time from PSA recurrence to metastasis and competing mortality among RP patients, Xia and colleagues quantify the probability that a recurrence is overdetected given patient and tumor characteristics. The results provide practical information for patients and providers when deciding whether to initiate salvage treatment.Altered epigenetic gene regulation and cell function through aberrant long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) appears important in human cancer. However, little is known about these lncRNAs in many tumors, including bladder cancer. Peter and colleagues examined the expression of 39,000 lncRNAs and mRNAs in a cohort of normal and malignant urothelial tissues. They identified generalized upregulation of many lncRNAs, which appeared distinct to the more balanced up and down regulation seen for mRNAs. Thirty-two lncRNAs were associated with disease progression. Functional analysis implicated the lncRNA AB074278 for the maintenance of proliferation and apoptosis avoidance in cancer, possibly through targeting the tumor suppressor EMP1.
Aspirin and gastric hemorrhage
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: I. Craig Henderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

After several decades in which the scope and intensity of regional therapies increased, without a corresponding increase in cure rates, attention has turned to systemic treatments. Adjuvant therapy for carcinoma is use in an attempt to destroy micrometastases thus preventing the development of clinical metastases. Initial results have been encouraging and an understanding of tumor cell kinetics has led to the use of better schedules and combinations of drugs that have substantially decreased the probability or treatment failure and prolonged survival compared with the results of operation alone.
Fucosylation Index of α-Fetoprotein, a Possible Aid in the Early Recognition of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Cirrhosis
Authors: Yutaka Aoyagi, Atsushi Saitoh, Yasufumi Suzuki, Kentarou Igarashi, Makoto Oguro, Tsuyoshi Yokota, Shigeki Mori, Takeshi Suda, Hitoshi Asakura, Mamoru Isemura
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

We report here on three patients with cirrhosis for whom an early recognition of hepatocellular carcinoma was made possible by the measurement of the degree of fucosylation (fucosylation index) of α-fetoprotein. Increased levels of this index associated with a moderate increment of serum concentration of α-fetoprotein were observed in three patients with cirrhosis who showed no indication of hepatocellular carcinoma by several imaging modalities. Four years after the onset of an increase in the fucosylation index, small hepatocellular carcinoma with a tumor diameter less than 2 cm was revealed in case 1. In cases 2 and 3, small hepatocellular carcinomas were detected 24 mo and 9 mo, respectively, after the first sign of the increase in the index. However, the development to hepatocellular carcinoma was not detected in five patients with cirrhosis in whom continuous increments of serum concentration of α-fetoprotein with low levels of fucosylation index were observed during the prospective follow-up from 3 to 9 yr. These findings indicated that the fucosylation index of α-fetoprotein can be used as an aid in an early recognition of hepatocellular carcinoma, especially in patients with cirrhosis during the follow-up process in which the moderate increment of serum concentration of α-fetoprotein is noted. (Hepatology 1993;17:50-52.)
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Prostate Cancer Progression Signatures IdentifiedMetastatic prostate cancer (PCa) still remains an enigma, as the underlying molecular signature pathways are poorly defined.In the present study, Ju and colleagues attempted to identify the gene signature pathways of PCa using a murine model.To achieve this goal, a primary prostate epithelial cell line was established from FVB mice, followed by retroviral transduction with a single oncogene, c-Myc, Ha-Ras, v-Src, or NeuT (activating Erbb2 mutant).Each oncogene-transduced line displayed contactindependent growth and had a tumorigenic phenotype.Distinct genomic gain/loss and alterations of approximately 2,400 genes observed in these lines were similar to changes observed in human PCa when compared with a cohort of 205 human primary and metastatic PCa cases.Markedly increased lung metastasis was achieved with subcutaneous injection of the Ha-Ras, v-Src, and c-Myc expressing PCa cells into immunocompetent FVB mice.The authors further characterized the transformed cell lines for altered gene expression by microarray analysis.A total of 2,635 genes out of 22,115 genes were significantly altered in the oncogene overexpressing PCa cell lines.A considerable number of up and downregulated genes were shared among all 4 of the transformed cell lines.Notably, altered gene signatures observed in the Ha-Ras overexpressing cells were the most prevalent among all the lines.Remarkably, when the outcome of the gene signature between these murine PCa lines and a previously determined cohort (61 cases) of human high grade PCa was compared, an appreciable level of similarity on the alteration pattern was observed (c-Myc, 47%; NeuT, 53%; Ha-Ras, 71%; v-Src, 62%).Interestingly, the c-Mycspecific prostate gene signature of the murine PCa cells strongly resembled the gene signature of c-Myc-driven mouse mammary tumor or transformed fibroblasts.Kaplan Meier analysis was done to determine the predictability of c-Myc driven gene signatures of the murine PCa cells on recurrence-free survival compared with several defined human data sets.A panel of 14 most upregulated genes observed in the c-Myc signature bearing murine PCa cells was considered.Of note, a similar predictive outcome was seen in both the murine cell lines and human subjects.This study identifies novel oncogene-induced genomic signature pathways in PCa, which could be useful for biomarker and therapeutic design.Additionally, this genetic modification approach could prove useful for defining gene signatures for other types of cancer.
The 'Bone Within a Bone'
Authors: David H. Frager
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The appearance of a miniature vertebral body that conforms in its contours to its larger host is no mere radiological curiosity, but a sign of significant alteration in bone growth. The same importance may be attached to such an appearance in the innominate bones and the round bones of the carpus and tarsus.<sup>1</sup> Usually, the "bone within a bone" appearance in the spine results from a previous severe systemic illness or intermittent chronic disease (Figs 1 and 2). The analogous finding in the faster-growing long bones (ie, the transverse metaphyseal lines of Park and Harris) are much more commonly observed but less important. Nonetheless, the pathological findings are identical in the spine, long bones, and innominate bones. Osteoblasts form a thin, transversely oriented bony template on the underside of the zone of proliferative cartilage that has stopped growing during the period of stress or illness. With recovery, chondroblastic and