tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abandoning the Proteinopathy Paradigm in Parkinson Disease—Not So Fast—Reply
Authors: Alberto J. Espay
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Structural Racism, Historical Redlining, and Incidence of Kidney Failure in US Cities, 2012–2019
Authors: Kevin H. Nguyen, Rachel Buckle-Rashid, Rebecca Thorsness, Chinyere O. Agbai, Deidra C. Crews, Amal N. Trivedi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2023)

Significance Statement Residing in neighborhoods designated as grade D (hazardous) by the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) under historical redlining—a discriminatory housing policy beginning in the 1930s—has been associated with present-day adverse health outcomes such as diabetes mortality. Historical redlining might underlie conditions in present-day neighborhoods that contribute to inequitable rates of kidney failure incidence, particularly for Black individuals, but its association with kidney disease is unknown. The authors found that among adults with incident kidney failure living in 141 metropolitan areas, residence in a historically redlined neighborhood rated grade D was associated with significantly higher kidney failure incidence rates compared with residence in a redlined grade A (best) neighborhood. These findings suggest that historical racist policies continue to affect current-day racial inequities in kidney health. Background Historical redlining was a 1930s federally sponsored housing policy that permitted the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) to develop color-coded maps and grade neighborhoods' mortgage lending risk on the basis of characteristics that included racial makeup. This practice has been associated with present-day health disparities. Racial inequities in kidney disease—particularly for Black individuals—have been linked to residential segregation and other structural inequities. Methods Using a registry of people with incident kidney failure and digitized HOLC maps, we examined the association between residence in a historically redlined US census tract (CT) with a historical HOLC grade of D or hazardous) and present-day annual CT-level incidence of kidney failure incidence among adults in 141 US metropolitan areas, in 2012 through 2019. Results Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted kidney failure incidence rates were significantly higher in CTs with a historical HOLC grade D compared with CTs with a historical HOLC grade of A or best (mean, 740.7 per million versus 326.5 per million, respectively, a difference of 414.1 per million). Compared with national averages of all adults in our sample, rates of kidney failure incidence were higher for Black adults in our study sample, irrespective of CT HOLC grade. Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted incidence rates for Black persons in CTs with a HOLC grade D were significantly higher than for Black persons residing in HOLC grade A CTs (mean, 1227.1 per million versus 1030.5 per million, respectively [a difference of 196.6 per million]). Conclusions Historical redlining is associated with present-day disparities in kidney failure incidence, demonstrating the legacy of historical racist policies on contemporary racial inequities in kidney health. Podcast This article contains a podcast at https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/JASN/2023_08_24_JASN0000000000000165.mp3
Controllable Regulation of Ag<sub>2</sub>S Quantum‐Dot‐Mediated Protein Nanoassemblies for Imaging‐Guided Synergistic PDT/PTT/Chemotherapy against Hypoxic Tumor
Authors: Mengjie He, Ziyi Cheng, Zhenkai Wang, Min Li, Huixian Liang, Heng Liu, Lijuan Yu, Linlu Zhao, Fabiao Yu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract The combination of phototherapy and chemotherapy holds great potential for cancer treatment, while hypoxia in tumor as well as unexpected drug release largely restricts anticancer therapy. Inspired by the natural intelligence, herein, for the first time, a “bottom‐up” protein self‐assembly strategy mediated by near‐infrared (NIR) quantum dots (QDs) with multicharged electrostatic interactions is presented to develop a tumor microenvironment (TME)‐responsive theranostic nanoplatform for imaging‐guided synergistic photodynamic therapy (PDT)/photothermal therapy (PTT)/chemotherapy. Catalase (CAT) possesses diverse surface charge distribution under different pH conditions. After modification by chlorin e6 (Ce6), the formulated CAT–Ce6 with patchy negative charges can be assembled with NIR Ag 2 S QDs by regulating their electrostatic interactions, allowing for effective incorporation of specific anticancer drug oxaliplatin (Oxa). Such Ag 2 S@CAT–Ce6@Oxa nanosystems are able to visualize nanoparticle (NP) accumulation to guide subsequent phototherapy, together with significant alleviation of tumor hypoxia to further enhance PDT. Moreover, the acidic TME triggers controllable disassembly through weakening the CAT surface charge to disrupt electrostatic interactions, allowing for sustained drug release. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate remarkable inhibition of colorectal tumor growth with a synergistic effect. Overall, this multicharged electrostatic protein self‐assembly strategy provides a versatile platform for realizing TME‐specific theranostics with high efficiency and safety, promising for clinical translation.
The gut microbiota in breast cancer development and treatment: The good, the bad, and the useful!
Authors: Deeptashree Nandi, Sheetal Parida, Dipali Sharma
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

Regardless of the global progress in early diagnosis and novel therapeutic regimens, breast carcinoma poses a devastating threat, and the advances are somewhat marred by high mortality rates. Breast cancer risk prediction models based on the known risk factors are extremely useful, but a large number of breast cancers develop in women with no/low known risk. The gut microbiome exerts a profound impact on the host health and physiology and has emerged as a pivotal frontier in breast cancer pathogenesis. Progress in metagenomic analysis has enabled the identification of specific changes in the host microbial signature. In this review, we discuss the microbial and metabolomic changes associated with breast cancer initiation and metastatic progression. We summarize the bidirectional impact of various breast cancer-related therapies on gut microbiota and vice-versa. Finally, we discuss the strategies to modulate the gut microbiota toward a more favorable state that confers anticancer effects.
Statistical and Conceptual Considerations in Socioepigenomics Research on Childhood Adversity and Epigenetic Aging
Authors: Erin C. Dunn, Andrew J. Simpkin, Esther Walton
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Kyeezu Kim, PhD; Kristine Yaffe, MD; David H. Rehkopf, PhD; Yinan Zheng, PhD; Drew R. Nannini, PhD; Amanda M. Perak, MD; Jason M. Nagata, MD; Greg E. Miller, PhD; Kai Zhang, PhD; Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, MD, ScM; Brian T. Joyce, PhD; Lifang Hou, MD, PhD
Genome-wide multi-omics analysis reveals the nutrient-dependent metabolic features of mucin-degrading gut bacteria
Authors: Kyoung Su Kim, Eunike Tiffany, Ji-Young Lee, Ara Oh, Hyeon-Su Jin, Ji-Sun Kim, Jung-Sook Lee, Myung Hee Nam, Soo-Jong Hong, Sowon Park, Hong Koh, Bong-Soo Kim, Yun Kyung Lee, Dong-Woo Lee
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

The prevalence and occurrence of mucin-degrading (MD) bacteria, such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Ruminococcus gnavus, is highly associated with human health and disease states. However, MD bacterial physiology and metabolism remain elusive. Here, we assessed functional modules of mucin catabolism, through a comprehensive bioinformatics-aided functional annotation, to identify 54 A. muciniphila genes and 296 R. gnavus genes. The reconstructed core metabolic pathways coincided with the growth kinetics and fermentation profiles of A. muciniphila and R. gnavus grown in the presence of mucin and its constituents. Genome-wide multi-omics analyses validated the nutrient-dependent fermentation profiles of the MD bacteria and identified their distinct mucolytic enzymes. The distinct metabolic features of the two MD bacteria induced differences in the metabolite receptor levels and inflammatory signals of the host immune cells. In addition, in vivo experiments and community-scale metabolic modeling demonstrated that different dietary intakes influenced the abundance of MD bacteria, their metabolic fluxes, and gut barrier integrity. Thus, this study provides insights into how diet-induced metabolic differences in MD bacteria determine their distinct physiological roles in the host immune response and the gut ecosystem.
Goals of Care Among Parents of Children Receiving Palliative Care
Authors: Chris Feudtner, Leah J. Beight, Jackelyn Y. Boyden, Douglas L. Hill, Pamela S. Hinds, Emily E. Johnston, Sarah E. Friebert, Jori F. Bogetz, Tammy I. Kang, Matt Hall, Russell T. Nye, Joanne Wolfe, Tatiana Arevalo-Soriano, Madeline Bilodeau, Kris Catrine, Jennifer Chapman, Karen Crew, Porag Jeet Das, Sarah Friebert, Heather Griffis, Ross Hays, Gabby Helton, Rachel Jenkins, Hannah Katkoff, Ali Kostoff, Deborah Maglionico, Isaac Martinez, Amanda Mercer, Ashley Morris, Shimel Nelpati, Rachel Porth, Nicole E. Sherr, Kelly Shipman, Rui Xiao, Namrata Walla
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Importance While knowing the goals of care (GOCs) for children receiving pediatric palliative care (PPC) are crucial for guiding the care they receive, how parents prioritize these goals and how their priorities may change over time is not known. Objective To determine parental prioritization of GOCs and patterns of change over time for parents of children receiving palliative care. Design, Setting, and Participants A Pediatric Palliative Care Research Network’s Shared Data and Research cohort study with data collected at 0, 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months in hospital, outpatient, or home settings from April 10, 2017, to February 15, 2022, at 7 PPC programs based at children’s hospitals across the US. Participants included parents of patients, birth to 30 years of age, who received PPC services. Exposures Analyses were adjusted for demographic characteristics, number of complex chronic conditions, and time enrolled in PPC. Main Outcomes Parents’ importance scores, as measured using a discrete choice experiment, of 5 preselected GOCs: seeking quality of life (QOL), health, comfort, disease modification, or life extension. Importance scores for the 5 GOCs summed to 100. Results A total of 680 parents of 603 patients reported on GOCs. Median patient age was 4.4 (IQR, 0.8-13.2) years and 320 patients were male (53.1%). At baseline, parents scored QOL as the most important goal (mean score, 31.5 [SD, 8.4]), followed by health (26.3 [SD, 7.5]), comfort (22.4 [SD, 11.7]), disease modification (10.9 [SD, 9.2]), and life extension (8.9 [SD, 9.9]). Importantly, parents varied substantially in their baseline scores for each goal (IQRs more than 9.4), but across patients in different complex chronic conditions categories, the mean scores varied only slightly (means differ 8.7 or less). For each additional study month since PPC initiation, QOL was scored higher by 0.06 (95% CI, 0.04-0.08) and comfort scored higher by 0.3 (95% CI, 0-0.06), while the importance score for life extension decreased by 0.07 (95% CI, 0.04-0.09) and disease modification by 0.02 (95% CI, 0-0.04); health scores did not significantly differ from PPC initiation. Conclusions and Relevance Parents of children receiving PPC placed the highest value on QOL, but with considerable individual-level variation and substantial change over time. These findings emphasize the importance of reassessing GOCs with parents to guide appropriate clinical intervention.
Considering the Whole Person in Hospital Admission Decisions for Older Adults in the Emergency Department
Authors: Austin S. Kilaru, Ari B. Friedman, Mucio Kit Delgado
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
New Approaches to Challenge Old Assumptions—B-Cell Depletion in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Lauren Oommen, Stephen Krieger
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Michelle Linterman: We are always learning
Authors: Lucie Van Emmenis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2023)

Michelle Linterman is a group leader at the Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK. The research focus of her lab is to understand the fundamental biology of the germinal center response after immunization and infection and how this changes with age. We caught up with Michelle to talk about how her interest in germinal center biology started, the benefits of team science, and her collaboration between the Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, New Zealand, and Churchill College, Cambridge.
Including Goals of Care in Treatment Decisions—Meeting Them Where They Are Involves Moving
Authors: Jennifer S. Linebarger
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Self‐Assembly of Organelle‐Localized Neuropeptides Triggers Intrinsic Apoptosis Against Breast Cancer
Authors: Xiaojiao Ge, Yi Cao, Xueli Zhu, Bo Yuan, Lulu He, Aiguo Wu, Juan Li
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Biosynthesis has become a diverse toolbox for the development of bioactive molecules and materials, particularly for enzyme-induced modification and assembly of peptides. However, intracellular spatiotemporal regulation of artificial biomolecular aggregates based on neuropeptide remains challenging. Here, an enzyme responsive precursor (Y1 L-KGRR-FF-IR) is developed based on the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor ligand, which self-assembles into nanoscale assemblies in the lysosomes and subsequently has an appreciable destructive effect on the mitochondria and cytoskeleton, resulting in breast cancer cell apoptosis. More importantly, in vivo studies reveal that Y1 L-KGRR-FF-IR has a good therapeutic effect, reduces breast cancer tumor volume and generates excellent tracer efficacy in lung metastasis models. This study provides a novel strategy for stepwise targeting and precise regulation of tumor growth inhibition through functional neuropeptide Y-based artificial aggregates for intracellular spatiotemporal regulation.
Psyllium fiber protects mice against western diet-induced metabolic syndrome via the gut microbiota-dependent mechanism
Authors: Alexis Bretin, Beng San Yeoh, Vu L. Ngo, Lavanya Reddivari, Michael Pellizzon, Matam Vijay-Kumar, Andrew T. Gewirtz
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

Impacts of dietary fiber on intestinal inflammation are complex, but some specific semi-purified fibers, particularly psyllium, can protect humans and rodents against colitis. Mechanisms underlying such protection are not fully understood but may involve activation of the FXR bile acid receptor. Obesity and its associated consequences, referred to as metabolic syndrome, are associated with, and promoted by, low-grade inflammation in a variety of tissues including the intestine. Hence, we examined whether psyllium might ameliorate the low-grade intestinal inflammation that occurs in diet-induced obesity and, moreover, the extent to which it might ameliorate adiposity and/or dysglycemia in this disease model. We observed that enriching a high-fat diet with psyllium provided strong protection against the low-grade gut inflammation and metabolic consequences that were otherwise induced by the obesogenic diet. Such protection was fully maintained in FXR-deficient mice, indicating that distinct mechanisms mediate psyllium's protection against colitis and metabolic syndrome. Nor did psyllium's protection associate with, or require, fermentation or IL−22 production, both of which are key mediators of beneficial impacts of some other dietary fibers. Psyllium's beneficial impacts were not evident in germfree mice but were observed in Altered Schaedler Flora mice, in which psyllium modestly altered relative and absolute abundance of the small number of taxa present in these gnotobiotic mice. Thus, psyllium protects mice against diet-induced obesity/metabolic syndrome by a mechanism independent of FXR and fermentation but nonetheless requires the presence of at least a minimal microbiota.
Probing Deeper Into the Association Between Acid-Suppressive Medication Use and Allergic Diseases
Authors: Tina Yi Jin Hsieh, Chia-Chen Lin
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal