tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Learning curve and volume outcome relationship of endoscopic trans-oral versus trans-axillary thyroidectomy; A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Anas Dabsha, Sherif Khairallah, Ismail A.M.H. Elkharbotly, Eslam Hossam, Ayman Hanafy, Mohamed Kamel, Ayman Amin, Abdelrahman Mohamed, Mohamed Rahouma
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2022)
Noninvasive Stimulation of Peripheral Nerves using Temporally‐Interfering Electrical Fields
Authors: Boris Botzanowski, Mary J. Donahue, Malin Silverå Ejneby, Alessandro L. Gallina, Ibrahima Ngom, Florian Missey, Emma Acerbo, Donghak Byun, Romain Carron, Antonino M. Cassarà, Esra Neufeld, Viktor Jirsa, Peder S. Olofsson, Eric Daniel Głowacki, Adam Williamson
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Abstract Electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves is a cornerstone of bioelectronic medicine. Effective ways to accomplish peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) noninvasively without surgically implanted devices are enabling for fundamental research and clinical translation. Here, it is demonstrated how relatively high‐frequency sine‐wave carriers (3 kHz) emitted by two pairs of cutaneous electrodes can temporally interfere at deep peripheral nerve targets. The effective stimulation frequency is equal to the offset frequency (0.5 – 4 Hz) between the two carriers. This principle of temporal interference nerve stimulation (TINS) in vivo using the murine sciatic nerve model is validated. Effective actuation is delivered at significantly lower current amplitudes than standard transcutaneous electrical stimulation. Further, how flexible and conformable on‐skin multielectrode arrays can facilitate precise alignment of TINS onto a nerve is demonstrated. This method is simple, relying on the repurposing of existing clinically‐approved hardware. TINS opens the possibility of precise noninvasive stimulation with depth and efficiency previously impossible with transcutaneous techniques.
Constrained unsupervised anomaly segmentation
Authors: Julio Silva-Rodríguez, Valery Naranjo, Jose Dolz
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2022)

Current unsupervised anomaly localization approaches rely on generative models to learn the distribution of normal images, which is later used to identify potential anomalous regions derived from errors on the reconstructed images. To address the limitations of residual-based anomaly localization, very recent literature has focused on attention maps, by integrating supervision on them in the form of homogenization constraints. In this work, we propose a novel formulation that addresses the problem in a more principled manner, leveraging well-known knowledge in constrained optimization. In particular, the equality constraint on the attention maps in prior work is replaced by an inequality constraint, which allows more flexibility. In addition, to address the limitations of penalty-based functions we employ an extension of the popular log-barrier methods to handle the constraint. Last, we propose an alternative regularization term that maximizes the Shannon entropy of the attention maps, reducing the amount of hyperparameters of the proposed model. Comprehensive experiments on two publicly available datasets on brain lesion segmentation demonstrate that the proposed approach substantially outperforms relevant literature, establishing new state-of-the-art results for unsupervised lesion segmentation.
The impact of enterovirus A71 vaccination program on hand, foot, and mouth disease in Guangdong, China: A longitudinal surveillance study
Authors: Jianpeng Xiao, Qi Zhu, Fen Yang, Siqing Zeng, Zhihua Zhu, Dexin Gong, Yihan Li, Li Zhang, Bin Li, Weilin Zeng, Xing Li, Zuhua Rong, Jianxiong Hu, Guanhao He, Jiufeng Sun, Jing Lu, Tao Liu, Wenjun Ma, Limei Sun
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Prognostic Findings for Visual and Mortality Outcomes in Acute Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Oluwatobi O. Idowu, Karl A. Soderlund, Benjamin Laguna, Davin C. Ashraf, Benjamin F. Arnold, Seanna R. Grob, Bryan J. Winn, Matthew S. Russell, Robert C. Kersten, William P. Dillon, M. Reza Vagefi
Journal: Ophthalmology (2022)

PurposeTo identify initial, preintervention magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings that are predictive of visual and mortality outcomes in acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS).DesignRetrospective cohort study.ParticipantsPatients with histopathologically or microbiologically confirmed AIFRS cared for at a single, tertiary academic institution between January 2000 and February 2020.MethodsA retrospective review of MRI scans and clinical records of patients with confirmed diagnosis of AIFRS was performed. For each radiologic characteristic, a modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to estimate the risk ratio for blindness. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to study AIFRS-specific risk factors associated with mortality.Main Outcome MeasureIdentification of initial, preintervention MRI findings associated with visual and mortality outcomes.ResultsThe study comprised 78 patients (93 orbits, 63 with unilateral disease and 15 with bilateral disease) with AIFRS. The leading causes of immunosuppression were hematologic malignancy (38%) and diabetes mellitus (36%). Mucormycota constituted 56% of infections, and Ascomycota constituted 37%. The overall death rate resulting from infection was 38%. Risk factors for poor visual acuity outcomes on initial MRI included involvement of the orbital apex (relative risk [RR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–3.8; P = 0.026) and cerebral arteries (RR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3–2.5; P < 0.001). Increased mortality was associated with involvement of the facial soft tissues (hazard ratio [HR], 4.9; 95% CI, 1.3–18.2; P = 0.017), nasolacrimal drainage apparatus (HR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.5–16.1; P = 0.008), and intracranial space (HR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.4–8.6; P = 0.006). Orbital soft tissue involvement was associated with decreased mortality (HR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1–0.6; P = 0.001).ConclusionsExtrasinonasal involvement in AIFRS typically signals advanced infection with the facial soft tissues most commonly affected. The initial, preintervention MRI is prognostic for a poor visual acuity outcome when orbital apex or cerebral arterial involvement, or both, are present. Facial soft tissues, nasolacrimal drainage apparatus, intracranial involvement, or a combination thereof is associated with increased mortality risk, whereas orbital soft tissue involvement is correlated with a reduced risk of mortality.
PB2223: COST OF ILLNESS, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND HEALTHCARE RESOURCE UTILIZATION FOR SICKLE CELL DISEASE IN THE GULF “CESGU”
Authors: D. Soliman, J. Altooq, S. Alkindi, H. Dewedar, A. Ibrahim, S. Elsawy
Journal: HemaSphere (2022)

Background: Sickle cell disease SCD is the most predominant form of haemoglobinopathy worldwide. The disease presents challenges to healthcare systems, both in terms of patients’ morbidity, mortality and in terms of healthcare costs. In the middle east world, SCD is prevalent and patchy. As currently there are insufficient information published on the financial burden of SCD in the GCC region, there is a growing need to calculate the cost of the disease across the region. Aims: The aim of our study is to estimate the financial burden from payor’s perspective through calculation of direct-medical costs (DMC) of SCD in Oman (OMN), Bahrain (BHR) and United-Arab-Emirates (UAE). Methods: A prevalence-based probabilistic model was used to calculate the DMC associated with SDC within different treatment sites across the GCC region. Aggregate input was gathered from hospital record databases of adult SCD patients managed in year 2019. Data was captured on Microsoft© Excel. Additionally, Case Report Forms (CRFs) were filled. DMCs included treatment, hospitalization, consultations, diagnostics, interventions and costs related to managing SCD complications. Results: Aggregate data for 2,600 SCD patients in BHR, 2,000 in OMN and 350 in UAE were collected from hospital records data bases. The total DMC per patient per year was estimated at $15,300, $10,000 and $15,800 in BHR, OMN and UAE, respectively. The costs incurred by payers for “VOCs management” were identified as major cost driver including hospitalization and acute medications administered during managing the event, contributing to 63%, 39% and to a lesser extent 14% of the total DMC of SCD in UAE, BHR and OMN. A sub analysis of sever SCD patients with ≥5 VOC in a year revealed a significant burden across all sites, contributing to 89%, 75% and 45% of the total SCD burden in UAE, OMN and BHR sites, respectively. Summary/Conclusion: The financial burden of individuals affected by SCD in GCC region is on rise with highest burden in Bahrain, followed by UAE then Oman. Severe SCD patients with ≥5 VOCs represent a significant burden on payers. Shedding the light on the incurred costs by payers for SCD management can inform decision makers about efficient medical interventions that would help optimize the use of resources and secure access od SCD to better treatment options.
Harvest of quality-controlled bovine myogenic cells and biomimetic bovine muscle tissue engineering for sustainable meat production
Authors: Hironobu Takahashi, Azumi Yoshida, Botao Gao, Kumiko Yamanaka, Tatsuya Shimizu
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)

Alternative technology for meat production holds the potential to alleviate ethical, environmental, and public health concerns associated with conventional meat production. Cultured meat produced using cell culture technology promises to become a viable alternative to animal-raised meat for the future of the food industry. In this study, biomimetic bovine muscle tissue was artificially fabricated from myogenic cells extracted from bovine meat. Our primary culture method relies on three key factors; a sequential digesting process, enzymatic treatment with pronase, and coating with laminin fragment on culture dishes. This method allows the efficient collection of large numbers of primary cells from bovine cheek meat, purifies the myogenic cells from the cell mixture, and then continuously grows the myogenic cells in vitro. In addition, using our "quality control" methods, we were able to determine the "cell quality", including the proliferative and differentiation capability in each step of the primary culture. Furthermore, to mimic native bovine meat, the quality-controlled bovine myogenic cells were cultured on a micropatterned thermoresponsive substrate stimulating a native-like aligned structure of cells, which were then transferred onto a fibrin-based gel. This gel-based culture environment promoted structural and functional maturation of the myogenic cells, resulting in the production of bovine muscle tissues with sarcomere structures, native-like membrane structures, and contractile ability. We believe that these biomimetic features of "tissue-engineered meat" are important for the production of future cultured meat, which will need native-like nutrients, texture and taste. Therefore, our meat production approach will provide a new platform to produce more native biomimetic tissue-engineered meat in the near future.
Serine active site containing protein 1 depletion alters lipid metabolism and protects against high fat diet-induced obesity in mice
Authors: Miaomiao Du, Xueyun Li, Fangyi Xiao, Yinxu Fu, Yu Shi, Sihan Guo, Lifang Chen, Lu Shen, Lan Wang, Huang Cheng, Hao Li, Anran Xie, Yaping Zhou, Kaiqiang Yang, Hezhi Fang, Jianxin Lyu, Qiongya Zhao
Journal: Metabolism (2022)
Macrophage‐specific FGF12 promotes liver fibrosis progression in mice
Authors: Santie Li, Bin Zhou, Mei Xue, Junjie Zhu, Gaozan Tong, Junfu Fan, Kunxuan Zhu, Zijing Hu, Rui Chen, Yonggan Dong, Yiming Chen, Kwang Youl Lee, Xiaokun Li, Litai Jin, Weitao Cong
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Chronic liver diseases are associated with the development of liver fibrosis. Without treatment, liver fibrosis commonly leads to cirrhosis and HCC. FGF12 is an intracrine factor belonging to the FGF superfamily, but its role in liver homeostasis is largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of FGF12 in the regulation of liver fibrosis.FGF12 was up-regulated in bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced and CCL 4 -induced liver fibrosis mouse models. Expression of FGF12 was specifically up-regulated in nonparenchymal liver cells, especially in hepatic macrophages. By constructing myeloid-specific FGF12 knockout mice, we found that deletion of FGF12 in macrophages protected against BDL-induced and CCL 4 -induced liver fibrosis. Further results revealed that FGF12 deletion dramatically decreased the population of lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus C high macrophages in mouse fibrotic liver tissue and reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Meanwhile, loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches revealed that FGF12 promoted the proinflammatory activation of macrophages, thus inducing HSC activation mainly through the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 axis. Further experiments indicated that the regulation of macrophage activation by FGF12 was mainly mediated through the Janus kinase-signal transducer of activators of transcription pathway. Finally, the results revealed that FGF12 expression correlates with the severity of fibrosis across the spectrum of fibrogenesis in human liver samples.FGF12 promotes liver fibrosis progression. Therapeutic approaches to inhibit macrophage FGF12 may be used to combat liver fibrosis in the future.
Microbiota, not host origin drives <i>ex vivo</i> intestinal epithelial responses
Authors: Kaline Arnauts, Padhmanand Sudhakar, Sare Verstockt, Cynthia Lapierre, Selina Potche, Clara Caenepeel, Bram Verstockt, Jeroen Raes, Séverine Vermeire, João Sabino, Catherine Verfaillie, Marc Ferrante
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

Microbial dysbiosis is an established finding in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but host-microbial interactions are poorly understood. We aimed to unravel the effect of microbiota exposure on intestinal epithelial cells. Confluent Transwell® organoid monolayers of eight UC patients and eight non-IBD controls were co-cultured for six hours with microbiota (3x108 cells) of UC patients or a healthy volunteer (HV), in the presence or absence of an inflammatory cytokine mix. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dextran measurements, and RNA sequencing were performed on epithelial cells, and 16S rRNA sequencing on microbiota samples before and after co-culture. Transcriptomic response following microbiota exposure was not different between epithelial cells from UC patients or non-IBD controls. Following UC microbiota exposure, but not HV microbiota, a strong decrease in epithelial barrier integrity was observed in both UC and HV epithelial cells by TEER and FITC dextran measurements. Exposure of inflamed epithelium to UC microbiota induced transcriptomic stress pathways including activation of EGR1, MAPK and JAK/STAT signaling, as well as AP-1 family and FOSL transcripts. Stress responses after HV microbiota stimulation were milder. We conclude that not the epithelial cell origin (UC versus non-IBD) but the microbial donor drives transcriptomic responses, as exposure to UC microbiota was sufficient to induce stress responses in all epithelial cells. Further research on therapies to restore the microbial balance, to remove the constant trigger of dysbiosis, is required.
Expression of active B-Raf proto-oncogene in kidney collecting ducts induces cyst formation in normal mice and accelerates cyst growth in mice with polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Stephen C. Parnell, Archana Raman, Yan Zhang, Emily A. Daniel, Yuqiao Dai, Aditi Khanna, Gail A. Reif, Jay L. Vivian, Timothy A. Fields, Darren P. Wallace
Journal: Kidney International (2022)
Manjula Arora: GMC won’t challenge appeal and calls for sanctions to be dropped by court
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2022)

The General Medical Council has said it will not challenge GP Manjula Arora’s tribunal appeal and has called for her one month suspension to be dropped by the High Court. The case (box 1), which concluded that Arora’s use of the specific word “promised” when requesting a new work laptop amounted to dishonesty, sparked fury among doctors, who argued that the action was “wildly disproportionate” and said that the disciplinary process was biased against doctors who trained overseas.1 Box 1 ### The Manjula Arora case Arora, who trained in India before moving to the UK in the early 1990s, received a suspension after it was ruled that she exaggerated … RETURN TO TEXT
Biomarkers for Systemic Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update
Authors: N. Lynn Henry, Mark R. Somerfield, Zoneddy Dayao, Anthony Elias, Kevin Kalinsky, Lisa M. McShane, Beverly Moy, Ben Ho Park, Kelly M. Shanahan, Priyanka Sharma, Rebecca Shatsky, Erica Stringer-Reasor, Melinda Telli, Nicholas C. Turner, Angela DeMichele
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

To update the ASCO Biomarkers to Guide Systemic Therapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) guideline.An Expert Panel conducted a systematic review to identify randomized clinical trials and prospective-retrospective studies from January 2015 to January 2022.The search identified 19 studies informing the evidence base.Candidates for a regimen with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor and hormonal therapy should undergo testing for PIK3CA mutations using next-generation sequencing of tumor tissue or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in plasma to determine eligibility for alpelisib plus fulvestrant. If no mutation is found in ctDNA, testing in tumor tissue, if available, should be used. Patients who are candidates for poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor therapy should undergo testing for germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations to determine eligibility for a PARP inhibitor. There is insufficient evidence for or against testing for a germline PALB2 pathogenic variant to determine eligibility for PARP inhibitor therapy in the metastatic setting. Candidates for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy should undergo testing for expression of programmed cell death ligand-1 in the tumor and immune cells to determine eligibility for treatment with pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy. Candidates for an immune checkpoint inhibitor should also undergo testing for deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability-high to determine eligibility for dostarlimab-gxly or pembrolizumab, as well as testing for tumor mutational burden. Clinicians may test for NTRK fusions to determine eligibility for TRK inhibitors. There are insufficient data to recommend routine testing of tumors for ESR1 mutations, for homologous recombination deficiency, or for TROP2 expression to guide MBC therapy selection. There are insufficient data to recommend routine use of ctDNA or circulating tumor cells to monitor response to therapy among patients with MBC.Additional information can be found at www.asco.org/breast-cancer-guidelines.
Trastuzumab Deruxtecan-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease/Pneumonitis in ERBB2-Positive Advanced Solid Malignancies: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ziad Abuhelwa, Abdurahman Alloghbi, Ali Alqahtani, Misako Nagasaka
Journal: Drugs (2022)

Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is a novel anti-ERBB2 antibody drug conjugate that appears to be associated with an increased risk of lung toxicity. We performed a systematic review to describe the incidence, severity, and management of T-DXd-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD) or pneumonitis.We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Sciences through to 1 January, 2022, for human clinical trials that assessed T-DXd in adults with ERBB2-positive advanced solid tumors and described the rate of ILD/pneumonitis. Study screening was performed by two researchers. Data were extracted from the full-text articles.Fourteen studies with a total of 1193 patients with different types of advanced solid malignancies were included in our systematic review. The overall incidence of all-grade ILD/pneumonitis cases that were adjudicated by an independent committee was 11.40% (ILD/pneumonitis cases, n = 136 out of total n = 1193). Grading of the adjudicated T-DXd-induced ILD/pneumonitis was reported in 122 patients with the majority of the cases (78.69%, n = 96) occurring as grade 1 or 2. Death was reported in 13 out of 122 (10.66%) patients. The highest incidence of ILD/pneumonitis was seen in patients with uterine carcinomatosis (26.47%) and non-small cell lung cancer (24.77%). Interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis events were treated with a dose interruption or reduction, treatment discontinuation, corticosteroids, and supportive care.Interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis is a well-described, serious, and potentially life-threatening adverse event that is associated with T-DXd. Further studies are needed to identify the risk factors and the underlying pathophysiology of T-DXd-induced ILD/pneumonitis to prevent occurrence and to develop effective management strategies.
Author Correction: Metagenomic and metabolomic remodeling in nonagenarians and centenarians and its association with genetic and socioeconomic factors
Authors: Qian Xu, Chunyan Wu, Qi Zhu, Renyuan Gao, Jianquan Lu, Mireia Valles-Colomer, Jian Zhu, Fang Yin, Linsheng Huang, Lulu Ding, Xiaohui Zhang, Yonghui Zhang, Xiao Xiong, Miaomiao Bi, Xiang Chen, Yefei Zhu, Lin Liu, Yongqiang Liu, Yongshen Chen, Jian Fan, Yan Sun, Jun Wang, Zhan Cao, Chunsun Fan, S. Dusko Ehrlich, Nicola Segata, Nan Qin, Huanlong Qin
Journal: Nature Aging (2022)
Tools for Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy Decision Making
Authors: Mitchell H. Gail, Ismail Jatoi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

Women with unilateral breast cancer are increasingly opting for the removal of not only the involved breast, but also for the removal of the opposite uninvolved breast (contralateral prophylactic mastectomy [CPM]), although the risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC) has decreased in recent years. Models to predict the absolute risk of CBC can help a woman decide whether to undergo CPM. Our objective is to illustrate that a better decision can be made if the patient and doctor also have estimates of the absolute risks of regional and distant recurrences and mortality from non-breast cancer causes.
3D printing of a controlled fluoride delivery device for the prevention and treatment of tooth decay
Authors: Valentine Berger, Zhi Luo, Jean-Christophe Leroux
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2022)

Dental decay is a highly prevalent chronic disease affecting people from all ages. Clinically, fluoride supplementation is the primary strategy in the prevention of dental decay. However, the current existing self-application formulations such as gels or mouthwashes are rapidly cleared after administration, resulting in modest efficacy even after repeated applications. Therefore, a user-friendly formulation that can provide sustained fluoride release in the oral cavity is of great interest for dental decay prevention. Herein, we report the utilization of fused deposition modelling to fabricate personalised mouthguards, which allow local and prolonged fluoride elution. Composite filaments comprising sodium fluoride and polymers with tuneable hydrophobicity were produced using blends of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(vinyl alcohol) or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The materials exhibited suitable mechanical properties for dental devices as well as different release kinetics depending on their composition. Ex vivo studies were performed on decayed human teeth using the 3D printed tooth caps that precisely fit the complex geometries of each specimen. A significant elevation of fluoride content in the lesion mineral in contact with the PCL/PEG tooth caps was achieved compared to the ones in contact with solutions mimicking dental care products. In conclusion, this study suggested that a sustained localized drug release of fluoride from personalised 3D printed mouthguards at the device-enamel interface can improve the incorporation of fluoride in the tooth matrix and prevent lesion progression.