tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A commentary on ‘The impact of regional versus general anesthesia on postoperative neurocognitive outcomes in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis’
Authors: Yong Cai, Yongxian Zhang, Dawei Zhang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Department of Orthopaedics, the 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistice Support Force, Jinan, China, 250031 Yong Cai and Yongxian Zhang equally contributed to the study Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Department of Orthopaedics, the 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistice Support Force, Jinan, China, 250031. E-mail address: [email protected] (D. Zhang). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Global disparities in patients with multiple myeloma: a rapid evidence assessment
Authors: Maria-Victoria Mateos, Sikander Ailawadhi, Luciano J. Costa, Shakira J. Grant, Lalit Kumar, Mohamad Mohty, Didem Aydin, Saad Z. Usmani
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2023)

Abstract There are disparities in outcomes for patients with multiple myeloma (MM). We evaluated the influence of sociodemographic factors on global disparities in outcomes for patients with MM. This rapid evidence assessment (PROSPERO, CRD42021248461) followed PRISMA-P guidelines and used the PICOS framework. PubMed and Embase® were searched for articles in English from 2011 to 2021. The title, abstract, and full text of articles were screened according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. The sociodemographic factors assessed were age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic location. Outcomes were diagnosis, access to treatment, and patient outcomes. Of 84 articles included, 48 were US-based. Worldwide, increasing age and low socioeconomic status were associated with worse patient outcomes. In the US, men typically had worse outcomes than women, although women had poorer access to treatment, as did Black, Asian, and Hispanic patients. No consistent disparities due to sex were seen outside the US, and for most factors and outcomes, no consistent disparities could be identified globally. Too few studies examined disparities in diagnosis to draw firm conclusions. This first systematic analysis of health disparities in patients with MM identified specific populations affected, highlighting a need for additional research focused on assessing patterns, trends, and underlying drivers of disparities in MM.
Comparison of upfront versus deferred cytoreductive nephrectomy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving systemic therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kun-peng Li, Miao He, Shun Wan, Si-yu Chen, Chen-yang Wang, Xiao-ran Li, Li Yang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

This study aimed to conduct a pooled analysis to compare the outcomes of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who received presurgical systemic therapy [(ST); including immunotherapy and/or targeted therapy] followed by cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) [(deferred CN; (dCN)] with those who underwent upfront CN (uCN) followed by ST.The present study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library database to identify eligible comparative studies up to April 2023. To evaluate their relevance, pooled hazard ratio with 95% CIs were calculated.A total of 3157 patients were included in nine studies. The dCN group was observed to be correlated with superior overall survival (OS) compared to the uCN group (hazard ratio =0.71, 95% CI 0.57-0.89, P =0.003). Moreover, the authors conducted subgroup analyses according to the type of ST, sample size, sex, age, and risk score, and observed similar outcomes for OS across most subgroups.The results of this study demonstrated that dCN may be associated with improved OS compared to uCN in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving ST. However, no significant differences were found between the uCN and dCN groups in the immunotherapy-based combinations subgroup. Further research is needed to confirm these results.
Patterns in Food Insecurity During Pregnancy, 2004 to 2020
Authors: Stefanie N. Hinkle, Cara D. Dolin, Shimrit Keddem, Eliza W. Kinsey
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

This survey study assesses patterns in food insecurity during pregnancy among individuals in 14 US states participating in the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System from 2004 to 2020.
No Matter How Far Away You Are You Can’t Not Want to Live Here
Authors: Michael Wynn
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chylomicrons Regulate Lacteal Permeability and Intestinal Lipid Absorption
Authors: Georgia Zarkada, Xun Chen, Xuetong Zhou, Martin Lange, Lei Zeng, Wenyu Lv, Xuan Zhang, Yunhua Li, Weibin Zhou, Keli Liu, Dongying Chen, Nicolas Ricard, James Liao, Young-Bum Kim, Rui Benedito, Lena Claesson-Welsh, Kari Alitalo, Michael Simons, Rong Ju, Xuri Li, Anne Eichmann, Feng Zhang
Journal: Circulation Research (2023)

Lymphatic vessels are responsible for tissue drainage, and their malfunction is associated with chronic diseases. Lymph uptake occurs via specialized open cell-cell junctions between capillary lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), whereas closed junctions in collecting LECs prevent lymph leakage. LEC junctions are known to dynamically remodel in development and disease, but how lymphatic permeability is regulated remains poorly understood.
Further advancing fast-and-slow theorizing
Authors: Wim De Neys
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract The 34 commentaries on the target article span a broad range of interesting issues. I have organized my reply around five major themes that seemed to emerge: Remarks about the generalizability of the empirical findings, links with other models, necessary extensions, the utility of dual-process models, and more specific points. This allows me to clarify possible misconceptions and identify avenues for further advancement.
SF3B1 mutation and ATM deletion codrive leukemogenesis via centromeric R-loop dysregulation
Authors: Martina Cusan, Haifeng Shen, Bo Zhang, Aijun Liao, Lu Yang, Meiling Jin, Mike Fernandez, Prajish Iyer, Yiming Wu, Kevyn Hart, Catherine Gutierrez, Sara Nik, Shondra M. Pruett-Miller, Jeremy Stark, Esther A. Obeng, Teresa V. Bowman, Catherine J. Wu, Ren-Jang Lin, Lili Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2023)

RNA splicing factor SF3B1 is recurrently mutated in various cancers, particularly in hematologic malignancies. We previously reported that coexpression of Sf3b1 mutation and Atm deletion in B cells, but not either lesion alone, leads to the onset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with CLL cells harboring chromosome amplification. However, the exact role of Sf3b1 mutation and Atm deletion in chromosomal instability (CIN) remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that SF3B1 mutation promotes centromeric R-loop (cen-R-loop) accumulation, leading to increased chromosome oscillation, impaired chromosome segregation, altered spindle architecture, and aneuploidy, which could be alleviated by removal of cen-R-loop and exaggerated by deletion of ATM. Aberrant splicing of key genes involved in R-loop processing underlay augmentation of cen-R-loop, as overexpression of the normal isoform, but not the altered form, mitigated mitotic stress in SF3B1-mutant cells. Our study identifies a critical role of splice variants in linking RNA splicing dysregulation and CIN and highlights cen-R-loop augmentation as a key mechanism for leukemogenesis.
The latent reservoir of inducible, infectious HIV-1 does not decrease despite decades of antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Natalie F. McMyn, Joseph Varriale, Emily J. Fray, Carolin Zitzmann, Hannah MacLeod, Jun Lai, Anushka Singhal, Milica Moskovljevic, Mauro A. Garcia, Brianna M. Lopez, Vivek Hariharan, Kyle Rhodehouse, Kenneth Lynn, Pablo Tebas, Karam Mounzer, Luis J. Montaner, Erika Benko, Colin Kovacs, Rebecca Hoh, Francesco R. Simonetti, Gregory M. Laird, Steven G. Deeks, Ruy M. Ribeiro, Alan S. Perelson, Robert F. Siliciano, Janet M. Siliciano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2023)

HIV-1 persists in a latent reservoir in resting CD4+ T cells despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). The reservoir decays slowly over the first seven years of ART (t1/2 = 44 months). However, whether decay continues with long-term ART is unclear. Recent integration site studies indicate gradual selection against inducible, intact proviruses, raising speculation that decades of ART might allow treatment interruption without viral rebound. Therefore, we measured the reservoir in 42 people on long-term ART (mean 22 years) using a quantitative viral outgrowth assay. After seven years of ART, there was no long-term decrease in the frequency of inducible, replication-competent proviruses but rather an increase with an estimated doubling time of 23 years. Another reservoir assay, the intact proviral DNA assay, confirmed that reservoir decay with t1/2 of 44 months did not continue with long-term ART. The lack of decay reflected infected cell proliferation. Most (79.8%) inducible, replication-competent viruses had env sequences identical to other isolates from the same sample. Thus, although integration site analysis indicates changes in reservoir composition, the proliferation of CD4+ T cells counteracts decay, maintaining the frequency of inducible, replication-competent proviruses at roughly constant levels over the long term. These results reinforce the need for lifelong ART.
Surgical intervention paradoxically enhances micrometastasis – targeting perioperative variables
Authors: Vimalraj Selvaraj, Saravanan Sekaran, Sureh Kumar Rajamani Sekar
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

aDepartment of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute for Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai-600077, Tamil Nadu, India bCollege of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, SNNPR, Ethiopia No primary data was generated and reported in this manuscript. Therefore, data has not become available to any academic repository. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute for Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai-600077, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Sekaran). *Corresponding author. Address: College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, SNNPR, Ethiopia, 4400. E-mail address: [email protected] (S. K. R. Sekar). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Association of Increasing the Minimum Wage in the US With Experiences of Maternal Stressful Life Events
Authors: Slawa Rokicki, Nancy E. Reichman, Mark E. McGovern
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Exposure to stressful life events (SLEs) before and during pregnancy is associated with adverse health for pregnant people and their children. Minimum wage policies have the potential to reduce exposure to SLEs among socioeconomically disadvantaged pregnant people. Objective To examine the association of increasing the minimum wage with experience of maternal SLEs. Design, Setting, and Participants This repeated cross-sectional study included 199 308 individuals who gave birth between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2015, in 39 states that participated in at least 2 years of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring Survey between 2004 and 2015. Statistical analysis was performed from September 1, 2022, to January 6, 2023. Exposure The mean minimum wage in the 2 years prior to the month and year of delivery in an individual’s state of residence. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were number of financial, partner-related, traumatic, and total SLEs in the 12 months before delivery. Individual-level covariates included age, race and ethnicity, marital status, parity, educational level, and birth month. State-level covariates included unemployment, gross state product, uninsurance, poverty, state income supports, political affiliation of governor, and Medicaid eligibility levels. A 2-way fixed-effects analysis was conducted, adjusting for individual and state-level covariates and state-specific time trends. Results Of the 199 308 women (mean [SD] age at delivery, 25.7 [6.1] years) in the study, 1.4% were American Indian or Alaska Native, 2.5% were Asian or Pacific Islander, 27.2% were Hispanic, 17.6% were non-Hispanic Black, and 48.8% were non-Hispanic White. A $1 increase in the minimum wage was associated with a reduction in total SLEs (−0.060; 95% CI, −0.095 to −0.024), financial SLEs (−0.032; 95% CI, −0.056 to −0.007), and partner-related SLEs (−0.019; 95% CI, −0.036 to −0.003). When stratifying by race and ethnicity, minimum wage increases were associated with larger reductions in total SLEs for Hispanic women (−0.125; 95% CI, −0.242 to −0.009). Conclusions and Relevance In this repeated cross-sectional study of women with a high school education or less across 39 states, an increase in the state-level minimum wage was associated with reductions in experiences of maternal SLEs. Findings support the potential of increasing the minimum wage as a policy for improving maternal well-being among socioeconomically disadvantaged pregnant people. These findings have relevance for current policy debates regarding the minimum wage as a tool for improving population health.
A Systems Approach to Reducing Medical Error—Reply
Authors: Peter J. Pronovost, Jonathan A. Edlow
Journal: JAMA (2023)

In Reply We appreciate the opportunity to respond to Dr Oxman’s Letter about our Viewpoint.1 We agree with Oxman that the current use of algorithms to diagnose sepsis has caused unintended consequences. However, we would not classify the use of sepsis algorithms as a “systems approach.”
Blast phase myeloproliferative neoplasm: contemporary review and 2024 treatment algorithm
Authors: Ayalew Tefferi, Hassan Alkhateeb, Naseema Gangat
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2023)

Abstract Leukemic transformation in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), also referred to as “blast-phase MPN”, is the most feared disease complication, with incidence estimates of 1–4% for essential thrombocythemia, 3–7% for polycythemia vera, and 9–13% for primary myelofibrosis. Diagnosis of MPN-BP requires the presence of ≥20% circulating or bone marrow blasts; a lower level of excess blasts (10–19%) constitutes “accelerated phase” disease (MPN-AP). Neither “intensive” nor “less intensive” chemotherapy, by itself, secures long-term survival in MPN-BP. Large-scale retrospective series have consistently shown a dismal prognosis in MPN-BP, with 1- and 3-year survival estimates of &lt;20% and &lt;5%, respectively. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHSCT) offers the possibility of a &gt;30% 3-year survival rate and should be pursued, ideally, while the patient is still in chronic phase disease. The value of pre-transplant bridging chemotherapy is uncertain in MPN-AP while it is advised in MPN-BP; in this regard, we currently favor combination chemotherapy with venetoclax (Ven) and hypomethylating agent (HMA); response is more likely in the absence of complex/monosomal karyotype and presence of TET2 mutation. Furthermore, in the presence of an IDH mutation, the use of IDH inhibitors, either alone or in combination with Ven-HMA, can be considered. Pre-transplant clearance of excess blasts is desired but not mandated; in this regard, additional salvage chemotherapy is more likely to compromise transplant eligibility rather than improve post-transplant survival. Controlled studies are needed to determine the optimal pre- and post-transplant measures that target transplant-associated morbidity and post-transplant relapse.
Quantization of extraoral free flap monitoring for venous congestion with deep learning integrated iOS applications on smartphones
Authors: Chunyan Li, Wei Liu, Zhenglin Zhu, Xing Wang, Yanbin Zhang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

aDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Beijing, 100035, China bDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Beijing, 100035, China cDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China dDepartment of Spinal Surgery, Shihezi General Hospital of the eighth Division, Shihezi, 832002, China eDepartment of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing 100035, China Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, No. 31 Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China. Phone number: 86-10-58516688. E-mail address: [email protected] (Y. Zhang). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives License 4.0, which allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to the author. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Michael J. Barry, Wanda K. Nicholson, Michael Silverstein, David Chelmow, Tumaini Rucker Coker, Esa M. Davis, Katrina E. Donahue, Carlos Roberto Jaén, Li Li, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Goutham Rao, John M. Ruiz, James Stevermer, Joel Tsevat, Sandra Millon Underwood
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Importance Familial hypercholesterolemia and multifactorial dyslipidemia are 2 conditions that cause abnormally high lipid levels in children, which can lead to premature cardiovascular events (eg, myocardial infarction and stroke) and death in adulthood. Objective The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the benefits and harms of screening for lipid disorders in asymptomatic children and adolescents. Population Asymptomatic children and adolescents 20 years or younger without a known diagnosis of a lipid disorder. Evidence Assessment The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient and the balance of benefits and harms for screening for lipid disorders in asymptomatic children and adolescents 20 years or younger cannot be determined. Recommendation The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for lipid disorders in children and adolescents 20 years or younger. (I statement)
More than two intuitions
Authors: David J. Grüning, Joachim I. Krueger
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

We consider an underdeveloped feature of De Neys's model. Decisions with multiple intuitions per option are neither trivial to explain nor rare. These decision scenarios are crucial for an assessment of the model's generalizability and adequacy. Besides monitoring absolute differences in intuition strength, the mind might add the strengths of intuitions per choice option, leading to competing and testable hypotheses.
The dual-system approach is a useful heuristic but does not accurately describe behavior
Authors: Jeffrey W Sherman, Samuel A W Klein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

We argue that the dual-system approach and, particularly, the default-interventionist framework favored by De Neys unnecessarily constrains process models, limiting their range of application. In turn, the accommodations De Neys makes for these constraints raise questions of parsimony and falsifiability. We conclude that the extent to which processes possess features of system 1 versus system 2 must be tested empirically.
Toward dual-process theory 3.0
Authors: Keith Frankish
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

This commentary is sympathetic to De Neys's revision of dual-process theory but argues for a modification to his position on exclusivity and proposes a bold further revision, envisaging a dual-process theory 3.0, in which system 1 not only initiates system 2 thinking but generates and sustains it as well.
TLR7/8 stress response drives histiocytosis in SLC29A3 disorders
Authors: Takuma Shibata, Ryota Sato, Masato Taoka, Shin-Ichiroh Saitoh, Mayumi Komine, Kiyoshi Yamaguchi, Susumu Goyama, Yuji Motoi, Jiro Kitaura, Kumi Izawa, Yoshio Yamauchi, Yumiko Tsukamoto, Takeshi Ichinohe, Etsuko Fujita, Ryosuke Hiranuma, Ryutaro Fukui, Yoichi Furukawa, Toshio Kitamura, Toshiyuki Takai, Arinobu Tojo, Mamitaro Ohtsuki, Umeharu Ohto, Toshiyuki Shimizu, Manabu Ozawa, Nobuaki Yoshida, Toshiaki Isobe, Eicke Latz, Kojiro Mukai, Tomohiko Taguchi, Hiroaki Hemmi, Shizuo Akira, Kensuke Miyake
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2023)

Loss-of-function mutations in the lysosomal nucleoside transporter SLC29A3 cause lysosomal nucleoside storage and histiocytosis: phagocyte accumulation in multiple organs. However, little is known about the mechanism by which lysosomal nucleoside storage drives histiocytosis. Herein, histiocytosis in Slc29a3−/− mice was shown to depend on Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), which senses a combination of nucleosides and oligoribonucleotides (ORNs). TLR7 increased phagocyte numbers by driving the proliferation of Ly6Chi immature monocytes and their maturation into Ly6Clow phagocytes in Slc29a3−/− mice. Downstream of TLR7, FcRγ and DAP10 were required for monocyte proliferation. Histiocytosis is accompanied by inflammation in SLC29A3 disorders. However, TLR7 in nucleoside-laden splenic monocytes failed to activate inflammatory responses. Enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines was observed only after stimulation with ssRNAs, which would increase lysosomal ORNs. Patient-derived monocytes harboring the G208R SLC29A3 mutation showed enhanced survival and proliferation in a TLR8-antagonist-sensitive manner. These results demonstrated that TLR7/8 responses to lysosomal nucleoside stress drive SLC29A3 disorders.