tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Racial and socioeconomic factors associated with palliative care utilization in pancreatic cancer: An analysis of National Inpatient Sample.
Authors: Tien-Chan Hsieh, Guangchen Zou, Yee Hui Yeo, Jiayi Zheng, Robert A. Kloss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

e16296 Background: Palliative care (PC) has been validated as a crucial component in end-of-life quality. Despite the higher PC utilization in cancer patients than other conditions, some studies have raised concern of systemic inequality in PC utilization. PC has a significant role in the care of pancreatic cancer, especially due to the poor prognosis. Here, we investigate the sociodemographic factors associated with the recent trend of PC utilization in pancreatic cancer. Methods: We used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample database, all-payer inpatient care database in the United States, with data years 2016-2019. The end-of-life hospitalizations were defined as adult patients (age at least 18 years old) who were hospitalized at least three days and passed away. The cases were identified with International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10th edition for pancreatic cancer (C25.0-25.9) within the top three diagnoses. Prevalence of PC consultation could be estimated with the billable code Z51.5. The factors that were statistically associated with PC utilization in univariable analysis would be included in the final multivariable logistic regression model. Charlson Comorbidity Index was used to adjust for comorbidities. Hospital factors such as size and base (rural, urban, urban teaching) were included in the analysis. Results: Among 339,318 adult patients who were hospitalized at least three days and passed away, 2,011 cases had pancreatic cancer within top three diagnosis codes. 1576 (78.4%) patients were at least age 60 or above. 1,275 (63.4%) of them had PC consult at their end-of-life. There was a significant yearly trend of increasing PC utilization (Cochran-Armitage test p-value &lt; 0.05). Male, African American, lower income, and rural area were significantly associated with less PC consult in multivariable regression model. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of PC consult was 0.66 (p &lt; 0.005) in African American. There was significantly more PC utilization in the top 25% income group (vs the bottom 25% counterpart, aOR 1.35; p &lt; 0.05) and in urban hospitals (vs rural hospitals, aOR 1.80 in nonteaching; aOR 1.88 in teaching; p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: There was a trend of increasing PC utilization in pancreatic cancer. Nevertheless, racial and socioeconomic factors were still significantly associated with the PC utilization. Further study and systemic policy approach are required to investigate and address such disparities and promote the PC utilization.
PJP pneumonia in brentuximab vedotin recipients.
Authors: Caleb Scheckel, Jithma P. Abeykoon, Daniel S Childs, Alexandra Higgins, Steven Ray Hwang, Jason Barreto, Stephen M. Ansell, Nabila Nora Bennani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

e19533 Background: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PJP) is a catastrophic infection seen in the context of low CD4 counts. Brentuximab vedotin (BV) is a drug antibody conjugate targeting CD30 and is used to treat patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) and T-cell lymphoma (TCL). PJP prophylaxis is not currently recommended for patients receiving BV-based treatment despite co-expression of CD30 on CD4 cells. The frequency of PJP following BV remains poorly defined. Methods: We evaluated patients who received BV between January 1, 2011 and October 31, 2021 at Mayo Clinic for the development of PJP. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics including underlying disease, chemotherapy regimen, absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), and steroid exposure were collected. Patients who developed PJP more than 3 months after their last BV exposure were excluded. Results: Of 402 BV recipients identified, 63 received PJP prophylaxis and were omitted. Fourteen of the 339 (4.1%) not on prophylaxis developed PJP following BV. Those infected had a median age of 61 (22-87), 71% were male. The most common diagnoses were HL, TCL, and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma at rates of 57%, 21%, and 14% respectively. Therapy regimens included BV monotherapy, BV-CHP, and BV-AVD at rates of 43%, 21%, and 14% respectively. BV represented median 2 nd line of therapy (1-10) and patients received median of 3 doses (1-10) prior to PJP diagnosis. Patients with PJP had median ALC of 620 (370-3500). 71.4% (10/14) had an ALC less than 750 and among those with ALC greater than 1000, 75% (3/4) had underlying diagnosis of HL. Three patients had CD4 count measured at time of PJP diagnosis with median value of 157 (5-175). 57.1% (8/14) had no steroid exposure beyond the treatment regimen. 14.3% (2/14) were on chronic doses of 5mg prednisone for autoimmune conditions. Short bursts of steroids (prednisone 40 mg) prior to PJP were seen in 21.4% (3/14) with median exposure of 8 days (7-10). One patient had prolonged steroid exposure but was weaned off 17 days prior to PJP diagnosis. 71.4% were older than 50 years at time of PJP. Conclusions: We observed rates of PJP above the commonly accepted threshold of 3.5% for recommending prophylaxis. Among patients with an ALC greater than 1000, 75% had HL raising the question of a qualitative defect in immunity. Close ALC monitoring is recommended for patients receiving BV with a low threshold to institute PJP prophylaxis, especially amongst those older than 50 or with a diagnosis of HL.[Table: see text]
Nephrometry scores predicting value of Trifecta achievement in a multicenter analysis (ROSULA database) of Robotic Partial Nephrectomy for totally endophytic “deep” renal masses
Authors: G. Tuderti, R. Autorino, R. Mastroianni, A. Mari, U. Carbonara, L. Misuraca, U. Anceschi, A. Brassetti, M. Ferriero, A. Bove, M. Costantini, F. Porpiglia, J. Kaouk, C. Lau, I. Derweesh, K.H. Rha, R. Schiavina, A. Mottrie, M. Gallucci, G. Simone
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Major Adverse Cardiac Events With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Pooled Analysis of Trials Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute—Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program
Authors: Abdul Rafeh Naqash, Melissa Y.Y. Moey, Xiao-Wei Cherie Tan, Mehak Laharwal, Vanessa Hill, Nagabhishek Moka, Shanda Finnigan, James Murray, Douglas B. Johnson, Javid J. Moslehi, Elad Sharon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) because of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are infrequent immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that comprise a spectrum of cardiac toxicities with variable manifestations. ICI-related MACEs can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, hence the need to better define presentations of MACEs and their association with noncardiac irAEs in ICI-treated patients.We conducted a retrospective pooled analysis of MACE captured in the serious adverse events reporting database of the National Cancer Institute-Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program for National Cancer Institute-sponsored investigational clinical trials between June 2015 and December 2019. Patients were eligible if they had been treated with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) alone or with additional anticancer therapies.A total of 6,925 participants received anti-PD-(L)1-based therapies; 48% (n = 3,354) were treated with single-agent anti-PD-(L)1 therapy. Of 6,925 patients, 0.6% (n = 40) qualified as ICI-related MACE, with 77.5% (n = 31 of 40) being ≥ grade 3. Myocarditis accounted for 45% (n = 18 of 40) of total ICI-MACEs. Concurrent multisystem involvement with other noncardiac irAEs was seen in 65% (n = 26 of 40). Most patients with myocarditis (83%, n = 15 of 18) had one or more noncardiac irAEs associated. Incidence of MACE was higher with anti-PD-(L)1 + targeted therapies compared with anti-PD-(L)1 + anti-cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte-4 combinations (2.1% v 0.9%, P = .08). There was a higher incidence of myocarditis with anti-PD-(L)1-based combination therapies versus single-agent anti-PD-(L)1 therapies (0.36%, n = 13 of 3,571 v 0.15%, n = 5 of 3,354, P = .08). Deaths related to myocarditis were identified in 22.5% (n = 4 of 18). All four patients who died had concurrent myositis.Increasing patient and prescriber awareness in understanding patterns of ICI-MACE and associated noncardiac irAEs should be emphasized. Better characterization of the risk of MACE with the concurrent use of non-ICI-based anticancer therapies with anti-PD-(L)1 treatments is needed.
INSP-07. Improving cognitive outcomes for children treated for cancer: moving beyond the cure
Authors: Heather Conklin
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract With improved survival rates, increasing numbers of childhood cancer survivors are living with long-term cognitive deficits that negatively impact their ability to attain important life milestones. Our collaborative research program has focused on characterizing cognitive outcomes associated with specific treatment modalities to inform modifications in front-line therapy. This line of investigation has demonstrated the negative cognitive impact of high radiation dose/large treatment volume, posterior fossa syndrome, treatment-related ototoxicity, and lower socioeconomic status (SES). Research-informed, treatment approaches under investigation include proton radiotherapy and hippocampal sparing irradiation, molecularly based risk-adapted therapy, surgical approaches with reduced risk of injury, and on-therapy otoprotectants, as well as identification of modifiable factors that are driving the protective effects of higher SES. Our research also strives to improve specification of cognitive deficits following treatment, at the behavioral and neural systems level, to identify targets for intervention. Study findings have revealed disease- and treatment- related alterations in neural systems supporting attention, working memory, and executive functions, as well as genetic factors that increase risk for cognitive late effects. We are now using sophisticated connectivity brain mapping with enhanced sensitivity to behaviorally-relevant changes in brain organization and sensitivity to intervention-based neuroplasticity to guide cognitive intervention development. A primary research focus moving forward is development of empirically validated interventions that prevent or mitigate cognitive late effects among childhood cancer survivors. Our studies have demonstrated the efficacy of stimulant medications, computerized cognitive training, and aerobic exercise for children treated for cancer, as well as the limitations to these approaches. Current investigations include use of neuroprotectant agents during radiotherapy, combining multiple interventions, interventions tailored to children undergoing treatment in infancy, and the use of virtual reality to increase intervention engagement. Our ultimate benchmark of success is ensuring children are not only cured of cancer but also experience a high quality of life.
The BIM Deletion Polymorphism and its Clinical Implication in Patients with EGFR-Mutant Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated with EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Ji Yun Lee, Bo Mi Ku, Sung Hee Lim, Min-Young Lee, Haesu Kim, Moonjin Kim, Sungmin Kim, Hyun Ae Jung, Jong-Mu Sun, Jin Seok Ahn, Keunchil Park, Myung-Ju Ahn
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
Development and validation of a decision support tool for the diagnosis of acute heart failure: systematic review, meta-analysis, and modelling study
Authors: Kuan Ken Lee, Dimitrios Doudesis, Mohamed Anwar, Federica Astengo, Camille Chenevier-Gobeaux, Yann-Erick Claessens, Desiree Wussler, Nikola Kozhuharov, Ivo Strebel, Zaid Sabti, Christopher deFilippi, Stephen Seliger, Gordon Moe, Carlos Fernando, Antoni Bayes-Genis, Roland R J van Kimmenade, Yigal Pinto, Hanna K Gaggin, Jan C Wiemer, Martin Möckel, Joost H W Rutten, Anton H van den Meiracker, Luna Gargani, Nicola R Pugliese, Christopher Pemberton, Irwani Ibrahim, Alfons Gegenhuber, Thomas Mueller, Michael Neumaier, Michael Behnes, Ibrahim Akin, Michele Bombelli, Guido Grassi, Peiman Nazerian, Giovanni Albano, Philipp Bahrmann, David E Newby, Alan G Japp, Athanasios Tsanas, Anoop S V Shah, A Mark Richards, John J V McMurray, Christian Mueller, James L Januzzi, Nicholas L Mills
Journal: BMJ (2022)

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) thresholds for acute heart failure and to develop and validate a decision support tool that combines NT-proBNP concentrations with clinical characteristics.
Single-cell activity and network properties of dorsal raphe nucleus serotonin neurons during emotionally salient behaviors
Authors: Grace E. Paquelet, Kassandra Carrion, Clay O. Lacefield, Pengcheng Zhou, René Hen, Bradley R. Miller
Journal: Neuron (2022)

The serotonin system modulates a wide variety of emotional behaviors and states, including reward processing, anxiety, and social interaction. To reveal the underlying patterns of neural activity, we visualized serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN5-HT) of mice using miniaturized microscopy during diverse emotional behaviors. We discovered ensembles of cells with highly correlated activity and found that DRN5-HT neurons are preferentially recruited by emotionally salient stimuli as opposed to neutral stimuli. Individual DRN5-HT neurons responded to diverse combinations of salient stimuli, with some preference for valence and sensory modality. Anatomically defined subpopulations projecting to either a reward-related structure (the ventral tegmental area) or an anxiety-related structure (the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis) contained all response types but were enriched in reward- and anxiety-responsive cells, respectively. Our results suggest that the DRN serotonin system responds to emotional salience using ensembles with mixed selectivity and biases in downstream connectivity.
VEXAS Syndrome and Disease Taxonomy in Rheumatology
Authors: Peter C. Grayson, David B. Beck, Marcela A. Ferrada, Peter A. Nigrovic, Daniel L. Kastner
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2022)

Disclosure Form Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Safety of Provocative Testing With Intracoronary Acetylcholine and Implications for Standard Protocols
Authors: Tatsunori Takahashi, Bruce A. Samuels, Weijia Li, Manish A. Parikh, Janet Wei, Jeffery W. Moses, William F. Fearon, Timothy D. Henry, Jennifer A. Tremmel, Yuhei Kobayashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Elevated Remnant Cholesterol Reclassifies Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Takahito Doi, Anne Langsted, Børge G. Nordestgaard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)

Elevated remnant cholesterol causes ischemic heart disease. We tested the hypothesis that the inclusion of elevated remnant cholesterol will lead to appropriate reclassification of individuals who later experience myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease. For >10 years we followed up 41,928 white Danish individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study without a history of ischemic cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and statin use. Using predefined cut points for elevated remnant cholesterol, we calculated net reclassification index (NRI) from below to above 5%, 7.5%, and/or 10% 10-year occurrence of myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease defined as a composite of death from ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and coronary revascularization. For individuals with remnant cholesterol levels ≥95th percentile (≥1.6 mmol/L, 61 mg/dL), 23% (P < 0.001) of myocardial infarction and 21% (P < 0.001) of ischemic heart disease were reclassified correctly from below to above 5% for 10-year occurrence when remnant cholesterol levels were added to models based on conventional risk factors, whereas no events were reclassified incorrectly. Consequently, the addition of remnant cholesterol levels yielded NRI of 10% (95% CI: 1%-20%) for myocardial infarction and 5% (95% CI: −3% to 13%) for ischemic heart disease. Correspondingly, when reclassifications were combined from below to above 5%, 7.5%, and 10% risk of events, 42% (P < 0.001) of individuals with myocardial infarction and 41% (P < 0.001) with ischemic heart disease were reclassified appropriately, leading to NRI of respectively 20% (95% CI: 9%-31%) and 11% (95% CI: 2%-21%). Elevated remnant cholesterol levels considerably improve myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease risk prediction.
Polymer nanotherapeutics: A versatile platform for effective rheumatoid arthritis therapy
Authors: Rimsha Nooreen, Shweta Nene, Harsha Jain, Velpula Prasannanjaneyulu, Palak Chitlangya, Shivam Otavi, Dharmendra Kumar Khatri, Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi, Shashi Bala Singh, Saurabh Srivastava
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2022)
Genome-wide association analysis reveals insights into the genetic architecture of right ventricular structure and function
Authors: Nay Aung, Jose D. Vargas, Chaojie Yang, Kenneth Fung, Mihir M. Sanghvi, Stefan K. Piechnik, Stefan Neubauer, Ani Manichaikul, Jerome I. Rotter, Kent D. Taylor, Joao A. C. Lima, David A. Bluemke, Steven M. Kawut, Steffen E. Petersen, Patricia B. Munroe
Journal: Nature Genetics (2022)
Serum Orotidine: A Novel Biomarker of Increased CVD Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Discovered Through Metabolomics Studies
Authors: Hetal S. Shah, Lorena Ortega Moreno, Mario Luca Morieri, Yaling Tang, Christine Mendonca, Jenny Marie Jobe, Jonathan B. Thacker, Joanna Mitri, Stefano Monti, Monika A. Niewczas, Subramaniam Pennathur, Alessandro Doria
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

To identify novel biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D) via a hypothesis-free global metabolomics study, while taking into account renal function, an important confounder often overlooked in previous metabolomics studies of CVD.
Genetic analysis of right heart structure and function in 40,000 people
Authors: James P. Pirruccello, Paolo Di Achille, Victor Nauffal, Mahan Nekoui, Samuel F. Friedman, Marcus D. R. Klarqvist, Mark D. Chaffin, Lu-Chen Weng, Jonathan W. Cunningham, Shaan Khurshid, Carolina Roselli, Honghuang Lin, Satoshi Koyama, Kaoru Ito, Yoichiro Kamatani, Issei Komuro, Koichi Matsuda, Yuji Yamanashi, Yoichi Furukawa, Takayuki Morisaki, Yoshinori Murakami, Yoichiro Kamatani, Kaori Mutu, Akiko Nagai, Wataru Obara, Ken Yamaji, Kazuhisa Takahashi, Satoshi Asai, Yasuo Takahashi, Takao Suzuki, Nobuaki Sinozaki, Hiroki Yamaguchi, Shiro Minami, Shigeo Murayama, Kozo Yoshimori, Satoshi Nagayama, Daisuke Obata, Masahiko Higashiyama, Akihide Masumoto, Yukihiro Koretsune, Sean J. Jurgens, Emelia J. Benjamin, Puneet Batra, Pradeep Natarajan, Kenney Ng, Udo Hoffmann, Steven A. Lubitz, Jennifer E. Ho, Mark E. Lindsay, Anthony A. Philippakis, Patrick T. Ellinor
Journal: Nature Genetics (2022)
Fecal carriage of <i>vanB</i> antibiotic resistance gene affects adipose tissue function under vancomycin use
Authors: Lars M. M. Vliex, Giang N. Le, Marina Fassarella, Dorien Reijnders, Gijs H. Goossens, Erwin G. Zoetendal, John Penders, Ellen E. Blaak
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

Detrimental consequences of antibiotic treatment may include long-lasting disruption of the gut microbiota. Previous studies found no negative effects of antibiotics on metabolic health, although individualized responses were observed. Here, we aimed to investigate the subject-specific response to vancomycin use in tissue-specific insulin sensitivity by stratifying individuals based on the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) or opportunistic pathogens (OPs) in the baseline fecal microbiota. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) was used to detect ARGs and OPs in DNA isolated from fecal samples of 56 males with overweight/obesity (Body Mass Index: 25-35 kg/m2) and impaired glucose metabolism (fasting plasma glucose ≥5.6 mmol/L and/or 2-hour glucose 7.8-11.1 mmol/L). A two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed to determine tissue-specific insulin sensitivity. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) gene expression was assessed using Affymetrix microarray. Gut microbial composition was determined using the Human Intestinal Tract Chip (HITChip) microarray. At baseline, the vancomycin resistance gene vanB was present in 60% of our population. In individuals that were vanB-negative at baseline, AT insulin sensitivity (insulin-mediated suppression of plasma free fatty acids) improved during vancomycin use, while it decreased among vanB-positive individuals (% change post versus baseline: 14.1 ± 5.6 vs. -6.7 ± 7.5% (p = .042)). The vancomycin-induced increase in AT insulin sensitivity was accompanied by downregulation of inflammatory pathways and enrichment of extracellular matrix remodeling pathways in AT. In the vanB-positive group, well-known vanB-carrying bacteria, Enterococcus and Streptococcus, expanded in the gut microbiome. In conclusion, microbiome composition and adipose tissue biology were differentially affected by vancomycin treatment based on fecal vanB carriage.
The Role of Echocardiography in Identifying ST-Segment Elevation Mimics
Authors: Oscar M. P. Jolobe
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

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