tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 13683: Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Decreases Endothelin Converting Enzyme-1 Expression and Improves Nitric Oxide Release in Pulmonary Endothelium Following Challenge With Air Pollutants
Authors: Samuel C Sherratt, Peter Libby, Deepak L Bhatt, Hazem Dawoud, Tadeusz Malinski, Preston Mason
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Air pollution particulate matter (PM) contributes to global mortality and chronic conditions, especially cardiovascular (CV) disease. Exposure to PM and cytokines like IL-6 cause endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, leading to nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling. The omega-3 fatty acid EPA improves eNOS coupling and reduces vascular inflammation. REDUCE-IT showed that treatment with icosapent ethyl (IPE), a purified EPA ethyl ester, reduced composite CV events. We compared the effects of EPA on pulmonary EC (PEC) function and protein expression following challenge with PMs versus IL-6. Methods: PECs were treated with EPA (40 μM) or equivolume vehicle for 2 h and then challenged with IL-6 (12 ng/mL) or PM (50 μg/mL) collected from urban environments (“urban PM”) for up to 8 h. Proteomic analysis was performed using LC/MS to measure relative protein expression. Significant ( p &lt;0.05) changes between treatment groups (&gt;1-fold) were analyzed by bioinformatic packages. Biological pathways were analyzed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). In parallel, cells were stimulated with calcium ionophore to elicit nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO – ) release as assayed by tandem porphyrinic nanosensors; the NO/ONOO – ratio indicates eNOS coupling efficiency. Results: Challenge with IL-6 and urban PM caused eNOS uncoupling as evidenced by a decreased NO/ONOO – ratio of 35% (1.43 ± 0.04 vs. 2.19 ± 0.02, p &lt;0.001) and 50% (1.22 ± 0.07 vs. 2.42 ± 0.15 , p &lt;0.001), respectively, compared to control. EPA increased the NO/ONOO – ratio relative to both IL-6 (39%; 1.99 ± 0.11, p &lt;0.001) and urban PM (39%; 1.69 ± 0.14 , p &lt;0.05). Proteomics revealed that EPA decreased expression of endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE1) relative to both IL-6 (1.2-fold, p = 0.017) and urban PM (1.1-fold, p = 0.045). GSEA showed significant modulations to 18 and 35 proteins within the neutrophil degranulation pathway (GO:0043312) with EPA treatment relative to IL-6 and urban PM ( p &lt;0.0001 in both comparisons). Conclusion: EPA favorably reversed EC dysfunction and expression of inflammatory proteins and pathways following challenge with air pollution PMs similar to IL-6. These broad anti-inflammatory actions may contribute to reduced CV risk with EPA as observed in outcome trials.
Abstract 13817: Diabetes Prevalence, Screening, Diagnosis, Treatment and Control in India: A Cross-Sectional Study of Individuals Aged 18 Years and Older
Authors: Jithin Sam Varghese, Mohammed K Ali
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Previous studies from India reported management of diabetes (diagnosed: 53%, treated: 41%) among adults 15-49 years, a fraction of those suffering from disease. This study aimed to provide nationally-representative estimates of (i) the proportion of all adults (18+ years) with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus (DM), and (ii) the heterogeneity in their cascade of care by natal sex, age, and urbanicity. Methods: Using data from non-pregnant women (n = 959,468) and men (n = 935,829) in the National Family Health Survey-V (2019-21), we estimated the sex-specific prevalence of prediabetes and DM (see footnotes of Figure ), and among adults with diabetes, the self-reported care cascade (ever screened, diagnosed, taking medication, under control defined by normoglycemia). All estimates incorporated the complex survey design and were stratified by urban versus rural or by age group (18-39, 40-64, 65+). Results: Nationally, the prevalence of prediabetes and DM were 11.3% (95%CI: 11.1,11.4) and 6.5% (95%CI: 6.4, 6.6) respectively. Prediabetes was similar in urban areas (vs rural areas) among men (%; 12.9 vs 12.0) and women (%; 11.1 vs 10.1). DM was higher in urban areas (vs rural areas) among men (%; 8.8 vs 5.6) and women (9.0 vs 5.3). Both prediabetes and DM were higher with increasing age. Screening in the total population was 30%, and was higher in urban areas, among women and higher with age. Among those with DM, only 72%, 51%, and 29% reported being diagnosed, taking medication, and under control, respectively. Diagnosis, treatment and control were also higher in urban areas, women, and older age groups ( Figure ). Conclusions: Despite the high prevalence of diabetes, there is a high unmet need in screening, diagnosis, treatment and control of disease nationally, and this is pronounced in rural adults. Moreover, the prevalence of prediabetes is high in rural areas, and those under 40 years, requiring a comprehensive approach for prevention and management.
Interim survival analysis of the randomized phase III GEMSTONE-302 trial: sugemalimab or placebo plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for metastatic NSCLC
Authors: Caicun Zhou, Ziping Wang, Meili Sun, Lejie Cao, Zhiyong Ma, Rong Wu, Yan Yu, Wenxiu Yao, Si Sun, Jianhua Chen, Wu Zhuang, Jiuwei Cui, Xueqin Chen, You Lu, Hong Shen, Chunhong Hu, Jiwei Liu, Yunpeng Liu, Mengzhao Wang, Xingya Li, Ping Sun, Yongqian Shu, Jianying Zhou, Jingzhang Li, Kangsheng Gu, Changli Wang, Hui Zhao, Yiping Zhang, Chunling Liu, Jingru Wang, Rumei Chen, Mengmeng Qin, Hao Wang, Jason Yang
Journal: Nature Cancer (2023)
Algorithmic bias and research integrity; the role of nonhuman authors in shaping scientific knowledge with respect to artificial intelligence: a perspective
Authors: Malik Olatunde Oduoye, Binish Javed, Nikhil Gupta, Che Mbali Valentina Sih
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Artificial intelligence technologies were developed to assist authors in bettering the organization and caliber of their published papers, which are both growing in quantity and sophistication. Even though the usage of artificial intelligence tools in particular ChatGPT's natural language processing systems has been shown to be beneficial in research, there are still concerns about accuracy, responsibility, and transparency when it comes to the norms regarding authorship credit and contributions. Genomic algorithms quickly examine large amounts of genetic data to identify potential disease-causing mutations. By analyzing millions of medications for potential therapeutic benefits, they can quickly and relatively economically find novel approaches to treatment. Researchers from several fields can collaborate on difficult tasks with the assistance of nonhuman writers, promoting interdisciplinary research. Sadly, there are a number of significant disadvantages associated with employing nonhuman authors, including the potential for algorithmic prejudice. Biased data may be reinforced by the algorithm since machine learning algorithms can only be as objective as the data they are trained on. It is overdue that scholars bring forth basic moral concerns in the fight against algorithmic prejudice. Overall, even if the use of nonhuman authors has the potential to significantly improve scientific research, it is crucial for scientists to be aware of these drawbacks and take precautions to avoid bias and limits. To provide accurate and objective results, algorithms must be carefully designed and implemented, and researchers need to be mindful of the larger ethical ramifications of their usage.
Effectiveness of the recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring during endoscopic thyroid surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yu-Chen Liu, Chuan-Lu Shen, Zi-Yue Fu, Yu-Chen Zhang, Yan-Xun Han, Bang-Jie Chen, Yuan Jiang, Si-Yue Yin, Zhi Tao, Shu-Yan Sheng, Jian-Peng Wang, Bing-Yu Liang, Liang Zhang, Dong Wang, Kai-Le Wu, Hai-Feng Pan, Ye-Hai Liu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: Thyroid disease is a common endocrine disorder, and thyroid surgeries and postoperative complications have increased recently. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) in endoscopic thyroid surgery using subgroup analysis and determine confounding factors. Materials and Methods: Two researchers individually searched for relevant studies published till November, 2022 in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. Eventually, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran’s Q test, and a funnel plot was implemented to evaluate publication bias. Odds ratio or risk difference were calculated using fixed-effects models. The weighted mean difference of continuous variables was calculated. Subgroup analysis was performed according to the disease type. Results: Eight eligible papers included 915 patients and 1,242 exposed nerves. The frequencies of transient, permanent, and total recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy were 2.64%, 0.19%, and 2.83%, respectively, in the IONM group and 6.15%, 0.75%, and 6.90%, respectively, in the conventional exposure group. In addition, analysis of the secondary outcome indicators for the average total length of surgery, localisation time of the RLN, recognition rate of the superior laryngeal nerve, and length of incision revealed that IONM reduced the localisation time of the RLN and increased the identification rate of the superior laryngeal nerve. Subgroup analysis showed that IONM significantly reduced the incidence of RLN palsy in patients with malignancies. Conclusions: The use of IONM significantly reduced the incidence of transient RLN palsy during endoscopic thyroid surgery, but it did not significantly reduce the incidence of permanent RLN palsy. However, reduction in the total RLN palsy was statistically significant. In addition, IONM can effectively reduce the location time of the RLN and increase the recognition rate of the superior laryngeal nerve. Therefore, the application of IONM for malignant tumours is recommended.
Advances in artificial intelligence based diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases – Correspondence
Authors: Sandip Chakraborty, Deepak Chandran, Hitesh Chopra, Shopnil Akash, Kuldeep Dhama
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Chakraborty, Sandip; Chandran, Deepak; Chopra, Hitesh; Akash, Shopnil; Dhama, Kuldeep Author Information
A commentary on emergency surgery in the era of artificial intelligence: ChatGPT could be the doctor’s right-hand man
Authors: Mohammad Abavisani, Farhad Dadgar, Masoud Keikha
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

aStudent research committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran bDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran cDepartment of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran. Tel: +98386836425. E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Keikha). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License 4.0 (CCBY-NC), where it is permissible to download, share, remix, transform, and buildup the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome drives emergence of HIV drug resistance from multiple anatomic compartments in a person living with HIV
Authors: Andrea Lisco, Camille Lange, Maura Manion, Safia Kuriakose, Robin Dewar, Robert J. Gorelick, Kristi Huik, Quan Yu, Dima A. Hammoud, Bryan R. Smith, Pawel Muranski, Catherine Rehm, Brad T. Sherman, Craig Sykes, Natalie Lindo, Peiying Ye, Katherine M. Bricker, Brandon F. Keele, Christine M. Fennessey, Frank Maldarelli, Irini Sereti
Journal: Nature Medicine (2023)
A systematic review and bibliometric study of Bertolotti’s syndrome: clinical characteristics and global trends
Authors: Wenhao Zhu, Xing Ding, Jiale Zheng, Fan Zeng, Fan Zhang, Xuequn Wu, Yijun Sun, Junming Ma, Mengchen Yin
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Purpose: Bertolotti’s syndrome is a prevalent congenital deformity. However, many physicians fail to include it in their differential diagnosis for low back pain (LBP), which results in missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. There is still a lack of standardized treatment and management strategies for Bertolotti’s syndrome. This study aimed to review the clinical characteristics and management of Bertolotti’s syndrome and reports bibliometric insights in advancements in Bertolotti’s syndrome research. Methods: Studies published until September 30, 2022 were systematically reviewed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Three independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the quality and risk of bias of the studies based on the methodological index of non-randomized studies (MINORS). SPSS, VOS viewer, and the Citespace software were used for the systematic review, visual analysis, data mining, mapping, and clustering of the retrieved articles, which presented clear and visual presentations of the structural patterns of published research in graphs. Result: A total of 118 articles, describing a total of 419 patients with Bertolotti’s syndrome, were included. There was an upward trend with a steady increase in the number of publications. The world map distribution showed that most publications were predominantly from North America and Asia. The most cited articles were published in the following journals: Spine , The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery , and Radiology . The mean age of the patients was 47.7 years, and 49.6% of them were male. A total of 159 (96.4%) patients had low back pain symptoms. The mean symptom duration was 41.4 months (74.8%), and most of the patients had Castellvi type II. Disc degeneration was the most reported comorbid spinal diseases. The mean MINORS score was 4.16±3.95 points (range, 1−21). A total of 265 (68.3%) patients underwent surgical treatments. Minimally invasive surgical techniques, prevalence, image classification, and disc degeneration were the current main research areas of Bertolotti’s syndrome. Conclusions: The steady increase in the number of publications demonstrated the increased attention of researchers on this topic. Our results showed a significant prevalence of Bertolotti’s syndrome in patients with LBP and a long symptom duration before the initiation of treatment. Surgical treatments were commonly used to treat patients with Bertolotti’s syndrome after a non-effective conservative treatment. Minimally invasive surgical techniques, prevalence, image classification, and disc degeneration are the major research areas of Bertolotti’s syndrome.
A commentary on “Clinical outcomes of different endovenous procedures among patients with varicose veins and iliac vein compression: a retrospective cohort study”
Authors: Jiahan Wu, Hongwei Yang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Department of Vascular Surgery, Shenzhen Second Hospital (First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong, China Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: CHINA. E-mail address: [email protected] (H. Yang). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Multilevel effective surgical workflow recognition in robotic left lateral sectionectomy with deep learning: experimental research
Authors: Yanzhe Liu, Shang Zhao, Gong Zhang, Xiuping Zhang, Minggen Hu, Xuan Zhang, Chenggang Li, S. Kevin Zhou, Rong Liu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Automated surgical workflow recognition is the foundation for computational models of medical knowledge to interpret surgical procedures. The fine-grained segmentation of the surgical process and the improvement of the accuracy of surgical workflow recognition facilitate the realization of autonomous robotic surgery. This study aimed to construct a multigranularity temporal annotation dataset of the standardized robotic left lateral sectionectomy (RLLS) and develop a deep learning-based automated model for multilevel overall and effective surgical workflow recognition.From December 2016 to May 2019, 45 cases of RLLS videos were enrolled in our dataset. All frames of RLLS videos in this study are labeled with temporal annotations. The authors defined those activities that truly contribute to the surgery as effective frames, while other activities are labeled as under-effective frames. Effective frames of all RLLS videos are annotated with three hierarchical levels of 4 steps, 12 tasks, and 26 activities. A hybrid deep learning model were used for surgical workflow recognition of steps, tasks, activities, and under-effective frames. Moreover, the authors also carried out multilevel effective surgical workflow recognition after removing under-effective frames.The dataset comprises 4 383 516 annotated RLLS video frames with multilevel annotation, of which 2 418 468 frames are effective. The overall accuracies of automated recognition for Steps, Tasks, Activities, and under-effective frames are 0.82, 0.80, 0.79, and 0.85, respectively, with corresponding precision values of 0.81, 0.76, 0.60, and 0.85. In multilevel effective surgical workflow recognition, the overall accuracies were increased to 0.96, 0.88, and 0.82 for Steps, Tasks, and Activities, respectively, while the precision values were increased to 0.95, 0.80, and 0.68.In this study, the authors created a dataset of 45 RLLS cases with multilevel annotations and developed a hybrid deep learning model for surgical workflow recognition. The authors demonstrated a fairly higher accuracy in multilevel effective surgical workflow recognition when under-effective frames were removed. Our research could be helpful in the development of autonomous robotic surgery.
A commentary on “Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in colorectal cancer liver metastasis: a meta-analysis of results from multivariate analysis”
Authors: Yun Qian, Yujiang Li, Yiwei Fu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Department of Digestive, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Department of Digestive, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China. E-mail address: [email protected] (Y. Fu). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Abstract 13395: Truth in Advertising? Health Claims and Contents of Fish Oil Supplements
Authors: Joanna N Assadourian, Eric D Peterson, Samuel A McDonald, Anand Gupta, Ann M Navar
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Fish oil supplement use continues to rise. Although prescription eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at 4 gm/day did lower cardiovascular risk, the vast majority of randomized trials have shown no benefit to fish oil dietary supplements. Information on health claims and contents of fish oil supplements is limited. Methods: Label information for on-market fish oil supplements was obtained from the National Institute of Health Dietary Supplement Label Database as of February 2022. Label text was analyzed to categorize health claims by type and organ system referenced. The total daily dose of EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was evaluated for supplements made by 16 of the leading retailers and manufacturers of fish oil. Results: We evaluated 2,192 fish oil supplement labels, among which 1,647 (75.1%) made at least one health claim. Of these, only 22.0% (n=362) used from the FDA-approved qualified health claim for fish oil. The remaining 78.0% of labels made “structure &amp; function” claims (e.g., “promotes heart health”, “supports brain and vision function”, etc.) across a variety of organ systems (Figure). Heart-health related claims were the most common (n=1,390, 63.4% of labels). Across 16 different brands/manufacturers, 239 product labels were reviewed for dose information. Wide variation in the doses of EPA and DHA was observed (median EPA+DHA dose 600 mg, interquartile range 250-1100 mg). Only 9.2% of supplements reviewed contained at least 2 gm of EPA+DHA, the minimum recommended for triglyceride lowering, and none contained an EPA dose shown to prevent cardiovascular events (≥4 gm/day). Conclusions: Fish oil supplement labels commonly make vaguely worded claims that imply a range of health benefits, almost none of which are supported by randomized trial data. The doses of EPA and DHA available in commonly used fish oil supplements vary substantially, yet none contain levels shown to reduce cardiovascular risk.
Abstract 13402: Racial Differences in Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Raunak M Nair, Anirudh Kumar, Chetan Huded, Michael Johnson, Kathleen A Kravitz, Grant W Reed, Amar Krishnaswamy, Venu Menon, A M Lincoff, Samir R Kapadia, Umesh N Khot
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Racial differences in outcomes of STEMI patients continue to persist. Our study aimed to assess the difference in the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) post percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), stratified by race into African Americans (AA) vs Caucasians. Methods: All STEMI patients who underwent PCI at the Cleveland Clinic main campus between January 1, 2011, to July 15, 2019, were included in our study. Patients were categorized into two groups depending on a diagnosis of the presence or absence of AKI post PCI. AKI was defined as &gt;0.3mg/dl rise in post PCI creatinine from pre-procedure value. Relative risk of developing AKI depending on race was calculated with the help of a two by two table. Results: Overall, 1847 patients were admitted to our hospital with a STEMI and underwent PCI during the study period. Of these, 267 (15%) developed AKI post PCI. 19% of AA patients developed AKI compared to 13% of Caucasian. Comparison of baseline characteristics amongst patients who developed AKI revealed that AA patients with AKI were younger than their Caucasian counterparts (median age 63 vs 68, p=0.006), but were more likely to having smoking history (52% vs 35%, p=0.014). Upon analyzing the association between race and AKI, AA patients were 48% more likely to develop AKI post PCI compared to Caucasian patients (RR of 1.48, 95% CI 1.17-1.86, p=0.0015). This difference was observed in spite of no significant differences in radial access, contrast dose, or mechanical circulatory support use between the two races. Conclusion: African Americans STEMI patients are almost 50% more likely than Caucasians to develop AKI post PCI. Developing race-specific process measures and further optimization of procedural characteristics may be necessary to improve the outcomes of AA STEMI patients.