tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and incidence of vertically acquired HIV infection in the United States
Authors: S. F. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To estimate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type I prevalence among childbearing women, HIV incidence in infants, and the number of children living with HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome as a result of transmission from mother to infant (vertical transmission). <h3>Design.</h3> —The national HIV serosurvey of childbearing women was used to estimate the incidence of vertically acquired HIV infection in children born between 1988 and 1993. Data from the national acquired immunodeficiency syndrome case surveillance system and a multicenter pediatric HIV surveillance project were modeled to estimate incidence in children born between 1978 and 1987. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Surveillance conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga, in collaboration with state and local health departments. <h3>Results.</h3> —Approximately 14920 HIV-infected infants were born in the United States between 1978 and 1993. Of these, an estimated 12 240 children were living at the beginning of 1994; 26% were younger than 2 years, 35% were aged 2 to 4 years, and 39% were aged 5 years or older. Approximately 6530 HIV-infected women gave birth in the United States in 1993, and, based on a 25% vertical transmission rate, an estimated 1630 of their infants were HIV infected. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —These results provide a basis for estimating medical and other resource needs for HIV-infected women and their children and for measuring the impact of interventions to reduce vertical transmission of HIV. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;247:952-955)
The autopsy. Past, present, and future
Authors: R. E. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The autopsy appears to be on the way to assuming an increasingly important role in patient care, continuing education, education of medical students and house staff, research in environmental pathology, and more fundamental aspects of disease. This trend needs to be nurtured. Not only pathologists but all physicians need to plan carefully to utilize autopsies to the fullest possible extent. Interest will continue to grow only if autopsies are performed or are closely supervised by highly motivated and experienced pathologists asking critical questions of current medical, scientific, and social concern. New, imaginative approaches are needed to develop the data necessary to address these questions. (<i>JAMA</i>242:1056-1059, 1979)
Lasers for lungs.
Authors: Daniel Baden
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Forum duction in dinoflagellates."Whatever is plaguing the St. Lucie fish appears to act by destroying the protective mucous coat of the fish, inviting opportunistic bacterial and fungal infections.Burkholder, Steidinger, and other researchers are scrambling to determine whether crypto is indeed toxic, and to solve the mystery of the sickened fish."It's extremely important from a public health perspective to know what's out there, what are its toxins and their effects," Steidinger says.Sometime this summer, researcher Peter Moeller, project leader for the marine biotoxins program at the National Ocean Service in Charleston, South Carolina, expects to have preliminary results of bioassays he's conducting to determine crypto's toxins.His findings should aid in under- standing both crypto and its cousins.According to
SERUM LIPOIDS AND PROTEINS IN HYPOTHYROIDISM 1
Authors: E. F. Gildea, E. B. Man, J. P. Peters
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1939)

Previous investigators (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) have shown that a high serum cholesterol is commonly found in patients presenting the classical symp- toms of myxedema.There has been a difference
A Heterozygous Mutation of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptor Causes Retention of the Nascent Protein in the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Results in Intrauterine and Postnatal Growth Retardation
Authors: Tillmann Wallborn, Stefan Wüller, Jürgen Klammt, Tassilo Kruis, Jürgen Kratzsch, Gabriele Schmidt, Marina Schlicke, Eva Müller, Hildegard Schmitz van de Leur, Wieland Kiess, Roland Pfäffle
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

BackgroundMutations in the IGF-I receptor (IGF1R) gene can be responsible for intrauterine and postnatal growth disorders.
Name of Study Participant Omitted.
Journal: JAMA (1995)

—In the Original Contribution entitled "Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care: A Pilot Study," published in the May 10, 1995, issue ofTHE JOURNAL(1995;273: 1439-1444), Jaime Pinilla, MD, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, should be listed on page 1444 as a study participant in the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group.
Incidence, time course and determinants of menstrual bleeding after breast cancer treatments: A prospective study
Authors: J. A. Petrek, D. Case, E. D. Paskett, E. Naftalis, M. J. Naughton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

538 Background: There has been no trial to date comparing modern systemic adjuvant therapies concurrently with ovarian function as a primary endpoint. Methods: 595 U S women ages 20 - 45 years were accrued from Jan. 1998 to July 2002 within 8 months of diagnosis with Stages I - III breast cancer (median followup 45 months). Daily bleeding records were obtained throughout the study. Baseline clinical, demographic, quality of life and treatment data (with each drug, dose and date) were obtained and followup every six months. Repeated measures logistic regression was used to assess which variables predicted monthly bleeding over time and to generate probability plots. Results: Significantly different proportions of women had monthly bleeding depending upon the their age (p<.001), chemotherapy program and time interval after that program as shown in table below. In the immediate month after doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) whether or not followed by paclitaxel (T) or docetaxel (R), approximately 16% had monthly bleeding compared to the immediate month after cyclophosphamide, methotrexate 5-fluorouracil (CMF), in which 48% had monthly bleeding (p<.001). Following the three AC programs, there was a slow recovery phase of about 9 months followed by a plateau during which almost half continued monthly bleeding for the remainder of the study compared to after CMF in which there was no recovery phase, but only a continual decrease to about 18% of women with CMF at end (p<.001), compared to the AC programs. Tamoxifen use after chemotherapy influenced bleeding, the degree to which varied with time. Probability graphs were generated. Conclusion: Using daily bleeding records, it is demonstrated that age and the specific adjuvant program impact ovarian function. This unique dat set enabled us to produce probability plots from which clinicians can predict the chances of menstrual cycle maintenance in an individual patient. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Sizing up the enemy. A call for papers on cancer
Authors: C. T. Caskey
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Future students of medical history will encounter an impressive list of dread diseases diminished or eliminated during the 20th century. Polio and smallpox, for example, may seem as distant to them as the plagues of ancient Egypt. Perhaps another 20th-century scourge, cancer, will be among those counted as conquered enemies, and in that hope, we announce plans for a theme issue of<i>JAMA</i>devoted to discoveries in cancer research and related basic medical sciences and the application of these advances to medical practice. This publication initiative, highlighting progress in cancer research and treatment, will serve to demonstrate<i>JAMA</i>'s desire to lend emphasis to the significance of these efforts.
SERUM DESENSITIZATION
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diagnostic accuracy of two-step postexercise ECG. Results of 305 subjects studied by coronary arteriography
Authors: P. F. Cohn
Journal: JAMA (1972)

A total of 305 selected patients with chest pain syndromes were studied with both the two-step test and selective coronary cinearteriography. All patients were suspected clinically of having coronary artery disease. Subjects with positive responses were subdivided according to degree of ischemic R-ST depression, and those with negative responses according to immediate postexercise heart rate. Results of this study suggest that the diagnostic accuracy of a moderate stress test (such as the two-step) is greatly enhanced when postexercise heart rate, degree of R-ST depression, and presence of preexercise electrocardiographic abnormalities are considered. Retention of the two-step test as a screening procedure appears justified.
Publisher’s Note
Authors: C.-J Liu, W.-L Chuang, C.-M Lee, M.-L Yu, S.-N Lu, S.-S Wu, L.-Y Liao, C.-L Chen, H.-T Kuo, Y.-C Chao, S.-Y Tung, S.-S Yang, J.-H Kao, C.-H Liu, W.-W Su, C.-L Lin, Y.-M Jeng, P.-J Chen, D.-S Chen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Long-term evaluation of liver stiffness in HCV patients after sustained virological response to DAAs: predictive factors for disease improvement and hepatocellular carcinoma development
Authors: Riccardo Nevola, Valerio Rosato, Ernesto Claar, Carmine Coppola, luca fontanella, Anna Ludovica Fracanzani, Guido Piai, Giovanna Valente, Antonio Ascione, Rosa Lombardi, Mariarosaria Saturnino, Laura Staiano, Pasquale Perillo, Pia Clara Pafundi, Aldo Marrone, Ferdinando Carlo Sasso, Luigi Elio Adinolfi, Luca Rinaldi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Abstract P027: Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase is More Strongly Associated with Diabetes Risk Than Alanine and Aspartate Aminotransferase: Results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) StudyStudy
Authors: Andrea L Christman, Mariana Lazo, Chiadi E Ndumele, James Pankow, Josef Coresh, Jeanne M Clark, Elizabeth Selvin
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Liver disease and diabetes often co-occur and have shared risk factors. We undertook this study to investigate which liver enzyme (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), or gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)) would be most strongly associated with incident diabetes in a large, community-based population. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that ALT, AST, and GGT would be independently associated with diabetes and that ALT would be most strongly associated with diabetes due to its liver specificity. Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of 9,524 participants in the ARIC Study without diagnosed diabetes or a history of high alcohol consumption (&gt;14 [women] and &gt;21 [men] drinks/week). Enzymes were measured from stored plasma samples. We examined the association of sex-specific quartiles of liver enzymes with incident diagnosed diabetes using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and behavioral risk factors. Restricted cubic spline models were fit to model the continuous associations. Results: Median ALT, AST, and GGT were 13, 18, and 22 U/L, respectively. During a median follow-up of 11 years, there were 1,905 self-reported cases of diabetes. All three liver enzymes were significantly associated with diabetes, even after adjustment for all covariates (HRs (95% CIs): ALT, 1.63 (1.44, 1.85); AST, 1.23 (1.09, 1.40); GGT, 1.99 (1.71, 2.30) comparing Q4 versus Q1). The restricted cubic spline models show similar patterns (Figure). After simultaneously adjustment for the other liver enzymes, only ALT and GGT remained significantly associated with diabetes. In analyses further restricted to participants who reported never consuming alcohol only GGT remained significant. Conclusion: In this community-based population, GGT was more strongly associated with diabetes risk than ALT and AST. Although ALT and AST are considered to be more specific markers of liver disease, higher levels of GGT may be a more important risk factor for diabetes.
Procedures in Nursing.
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DEATHS OF PHYSICIANS IN 1923
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Oral contraceptives, pregnancy, and blood pressure
Authors: I. R. Fisch
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Blood pressure was determined for 7,605 women aged 18 to 60. These subjects included 1,941 present users of oral contraceptives, 2,189 never users, and 1,593 past users. Oral contraceptives were associated with a modest yet definite increase in blood pressure, which is related to age and weight but not to drug formulation or dose. This rise was more marked for systolic than diastolic blood pressure. In addition, 953 women in early pregnancy and 247 postpartum subjects had blood pressure readings lower than nonusers. The clinical significance of these findings requires longitudinal study.
Leptin-Independent Programming of Adult Body Weight and Adiposity in Mice
Authors: Elizabeth C. Cottrell, Malgorzata S. Martin-Gronert, Denise S. Fernandez-Twinn, Jian'an Luan, Lindsey M. Berends, Susan E. Ozanne
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2011)

Abstract Low birth weight and rapid postnatal weight gain are independent and additive risk factors for the subsequent development of metabolic disease. Despite an abundance of evidence for these associations, mechanistic data are lacking. The hormone leptin has received significant interest as a potential programming factor, because differences in the profile of leptin in early life have been associated with altered susceptibility to obesity. Whether leptin alone is a critical factor for programming obesity has, until now, remained unclear. Using the leptin-deficient ob/ob mouse, we show that low birth weight followed by rapid catch-up growth during lactation (recuperated offspring) leads to a persistent increase in body weight in adult life, both in wild-type and ob/ob animals. Furthermore, recuperated offspring are hyperphagic and epididymal fat pad weights are significantly increased, reflecting greater adiposity. These results show definitively that factors other than leptin are crucial in the programming of energy homeostasis in this model and are powerful enough to alter adiposity in a genetically obese strain.
ECG changes and microcirculatory dysfunction in aortic valve stenosis Kim Rajappan, Jamil Mayet, Ornella Rimoldi, Paolo G. Camici, Desmond J. Sheridan. Academic Cardiology Unit, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism
Authors: Gordon H. Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

IT has been nearly 30 years since the first description of hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism, by Hudson and colleagues, appeared in the pages of the Journal.1 In the case they described, plasma renin levels were not measured, but the patient had hyperkalemia and low levels of aldosterone in the urine. It was almost a decade before a second case was reported, and as recently as 10 years ago only 30 cases had been documented in the literature. The total has now risen to more than 100, including 7 reported in this issue.2 The first breakthrough in unraveling the pathophysiologic nature of . . .
Retraction: Monoclonal IgG antibodies generated from joint-derived B cells of RA patients have a strong bias toward citrullinated autoantigen recognition
Authors: Khaled Amara, Johanna Steen, Fiona Murray, Henner Morbach, Blanca M. Fernandez-Rodriguez, Vijay Joshua, Marianne Engström, Omri Snir, Lena Israelsson, Anca I. Catrina, Hedda Wardemann, Davide Corti, Eric Meffre, Lars Klareskog, Vivianne Malmström
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2018)
Intravascular Catheterization
Authors: John Ross
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The first edition of this volume, published in 1959, has remained the most complete work available on intravascular catheterization and related procedures. The enlarged second edition offers several new features: the chapter on left heart catheterization has been greatly expanded and now provides detailed technical information on the various approaches currently in use; the section on angiography has been enlarged; a brief chapter on technical aspects of catheterization in infants has been added; and there is now a good chapter concerning visualization of the coronary circulation. There are also new sections on intracardiac manometry (the Allard-Laurens system) and polarographic techniques. Unfortunately, while the material from the first edition has been up-dated in several areas, a number of chapters have undergone little or no revision. This applies, for example, to those on cyanotic heart disease, acquired heart disease, and the pulmonary circulation. The chapters on the contributions of cardiac catheterization to
Bipolar disorder
Authors: I. M. Anderson, P. M. Haddad, J. Scott
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8 has a major role in the metabolism of the anticancer agents 13-<i>cis</i> retinoic acid (13<i>cis</i>RA) and paclitaxel. There is evidence that polymorphisms in the CYP2C8 gene contribute to observed inter-individual differences in paclitaxel metabolism. However, no studies have been performed to determine the relevance of CYP2C8 polymorphisms to 13<i>cis</i>RA metabolism. In the current study, the effect of two common nonsynonymous CYP2C8 polymorphisms, CYP2C8*3 (R139K and K399R) and *4 (I264M), on the metabolism of 13<i>cis</i>RA and paclitaxel was examined using an <i>E. coli</i> expression system with co-expression of human cytochrome P450 reductase. No statistically significant differences in the level of 13<i>cis</i>RA 4-hydroxylase activity were associated with either CYP2C8 allelic variant compared to the wild-type CYP2C8.1 enzyme. Furthermore, no differences were observed for the CYP2C8.3 or CYP2C8.4 enzymes with respect to paclitaxel 6α-hydroxylase kinetics compared to wild-type CYP2C8.1. However, when the effects of the individual polymorphisms making up the <i>CYP2C8*3</i> allele were considered, a significantly lower level of paclitaxel 6α-hydroxylase activity was associated with the K399R enzyme. A lower level of activity was also seen for the R139K enzyme, although this difference was not significant. No differences were observed with respect to 13<i>cis</i>RA 4-hydroxylase activity. We conclude that common CYP2C8 polymorphisms are unlikely to explain reported interindividual variation in 13<i>cis</i>RA or paclitaxel pharmacokinetics.
SUBJECT INDEX
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

arteriosclerosis following electron irradiation, 6.1.after localized x-irradiation, 51 ascending, pressure and diameter relation, 778 constriction in rabbit, 11 oxidative enzymes influenced by gonadeetomy, 642 pressure dissection, 897 Aortic regurgitation, quantitation by indicator techniques, 519 Arrhythmias, ventricular premature beats, 939 Arterial vessels, length and diameter, 686
Active role of sphingosine-1-phosphate in promoting peripheral-dominant liver fibrosis in mice model of congestive hepatopathy
Authors: Hironari Kawai, Yosuke Osawa, Yuriko Tsutsui, Yuichi Yoshida, Taizo Mori, Shiori Yoshikawa, Taiji Yamazoe, Sachiyo Yoshio, Tatsuya Kanto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
FOOD AND OBESITY
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal