tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity in the Association Between the Presence of Coronary Artery Calcium and Cardiovascular Events: A Machine-Learning Approach in the MESA Study
Authors: Kosuke Inoue, Teresa E. Seeman, Tamara Horwich, Matthew J. Budoff, Karol E. Watson
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) has been widely recognized as an important predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given the finite resources, it is important to identify individuals who would receive the most benefit from detecting positive CAC by screening. However, the evidence is limited as to whether the burden of positive CAC on CVD differs by multidimensional individual characteristics. We sought to investigate the heterogeneity in the association between positive CAC and incident CVD. Methods: This cohort study included adults from MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) ages ≥45 years and free of cardiovascular disease. After propensity score matching in a 1:1 ratio, we applied a machine learning causal forest model to (1) evaluate the heterogeneity in the association between positive CAC and incident CVD, and (2) predict the increase in CVD risk at 10-years when CAC&gt;0 (versus CAC=0) at the individual level. We then compared the estimated increase in CVD risk when CAC&gt;0 to the absolute 10-year atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk calculated by the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association pooled cohort equations. Results: Across 3328 adults in our propensity score–matched analysis, our causal forest model showed the heterogeneity in the association between CAC&gt;0 and incident CVD. We found a dose–response relationship of the estimated increase in CVD risk when CAC&gt;0 with higher 10-year ASCVD risk. Almost all individuals (2293 of 2428 [94.4%]) with borderline risk of ASCVD or higher showed ≥2.5% increase in CVD risk when CAC&gt;0. Even among 900 adults with low ASCVD risk, 689 (69.2%) showed ≥2.5% increase in CVD risk when CAC&gt;0; these individuals were more likely to be male, Hispanic, and have unfavorable CVD risk factors than others. Conclusions: The expected increases in CVD risk when CAC&gt;0 were heterogeneous across individuals. Moreover, nearly 70% of people with low ASCVD risk showed a large increase in CVD risk when CAC&gt;0, highlighting the need for CAC screening among such low-risk individuals. Future studies are needed to assess whether targeting individuals for CAC measurements based on not only the absolute ASCVD risk but also the expected increase in CVD risk when CAC&gt;0 improves cardiovascular outcomes.
Neurodiversity and Early Autism
Authors: Sarah Bernard, Bernadette Grosjean, Laura Caravallah
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
The Value of Precise and Contemporary Definitions When Categorizing Spinal Injections
Authors: Ahmed R. Haque, Albert C. Perrino
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Ligelizumab impairs <scp>IgE</scp>‐binding to plasmacytoid dendritic cells more potently than omalizumab and restores <scp>IFN</scp>‐α production and <scp>FOXP3</scp><sup>+</sup> Treg generation
Authors: Cristina Benito‐Villalvilla, Andrés de la Rocha‐Muñoz, Jacobo López‐Abente, Alexander Eggel, Iván Bottoli, Thomas Severin, Maximilian Woisetschläger, Oscar Palomares
Journal: Allergy (2022)

Ligelizumab is an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody binding IgE with higher affinity than omalizumab that is under clinical investigation for several IgE-mediated diseases. We previously showed that omalizumab removes IgE bound to FcεRI on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and restores their ability to produce IFN-α and regulatory T cells (Tregs). The aim of this work is to investigate the capacity of ligelizumab to regulate functional properties of pDCs in comparison with omalizumab.pDCs were isolated from atopic donors and IgE was detached from FcεRI on pDCs with designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) bi53-79. pDCs were resensitized with IgE alone or in the presence of ligelizumab or omalizumab prior to IgE-FcεRI crosslinking and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) stimulation. Flow cytometry, ELISA, coculture experiments and intranuclear staining were performed to determine cytokine production and Treg generation. An antigen-specific model of resensitization and IgE-crosslinking was also performed.The levels of serum total free IgE show a non-linear positive correlation with the frequency of IgE+ pDCs displaying IgE bound to FcεRI within the 43 individual donors included in the study. Ligelizumab displays stronger capacity than omalizumab to block the binding of free IgE to FcεRI on human pDCs, resulting in a greater restoration of TLR9-L-induced IFN-α production. Ligelizumab also restores the ability of pDCs to generate FOXP3+ Tregs as previously reported for omalizumab.The uncovered novel molecular mechanisms of ligelizumab to regulate functional properties of pDCs from atopic donors might have important clinical implications for anti-IgE treatments in different IgE-mediated diseases.
Genetic Testing in Patients With Epilepsy May Impact Treatments and Improve Outcomes
Authors: Joseph E. Sullivan
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Neurodiversity and Early Autism
Authors: Inge-Marie Eigsti, Teresa Girolamo, Deborah Fein
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Speeding implementation in cancer: The National Cancer Institute’s Implementation Science Centers in Cancer Control
Authors: April Y Oh, Karen M Emmons, Ross C Brownson, Russell E Glasgow, Kristie L Foley, Cara C Lewis, Robert Schnoll, Nathalie Huguet, Amy Caplon, David A Chambers
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2022)

Abstract The National Cancer Institute’s Implementation Science Centers in Cancer Control (ISC3) Network represents a large-scale initiative to create an infrastructure to support and enable the efficient, effective, and equitable translation of approaches and evidence-based treatments to reduce cancer risk and improve outcomes. This Cancer MoonshotSM–funded ISC3 Network consists of 7 P50 Centers that support and advance the rapid development, testing, and refinement of innovative approaches to implement a range of evidence-based cancer control interventions. The Centers were designed to have research-practice partnerships at their core and to create the opportunity for a series of pilot studies that could explore new and sometimes risky ideas and embed in their infrastructure a 2-way engagement and collaboration essential to stimulating lasting change. ISC3 also seeks to enhance capacity of researchers, practitioners, and communities to apply implementation science approaches, methods, and measures. The Organizing Framework that guides the work of ISC3 highlights a collective set of 3 core areas of collaboration within and among Centers, including to 1) assess and incorporate dynamic, multilevel context; 2) develop and conduct rapid and responsive pilot and methods studies; and 3) build capacity for knowledge development and exchange. Core operating principles that undergird the Framework include open collaboration, consideration of the dynamic context, and engagement of multiple implementation partners to advance pragmatic methods and health equity and facilitate leadership and capacity building across implementation science and cancer control.
Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms and Disorders in Children and Adolescents With Migraine
Authors: Katherine Falla, Jonathan Kuziek, Syeda Rubbia Mahnaz, Melanie Noel, Paul E. Ronksley, Serena L. Orr
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

Importance Though it is presumed that children and adolescents with migraine are at risk of internalizing symptoms and disorders, high-level summative evidence to support this clinical belief is lacking. Objective To determine if there is an association between internalizing symptoms and disorders and migraine in children and adolescents. Data Sources A librarian-led, peer-reviewed search was performed using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases (inception to March 28, 2022). Study Selection Case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies on the association between internalizing symptoms and disorders and migraine in children and adolescents 18 years or younger were eligible. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two investigators independently completed abstract and full-text screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal using the Newcastle-Ottawa scales. Studies were pooled with random-effects meta-analyses using standardized mean differences (SMD) or odds ratios (OR) with 95% CIs. Where sufficient data for pooling were unavailable, studies were described qualitatively. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was migraine diagnosis; additional outcomes included migraine outcomes and incidence. Associations between these outcomes and internalizing symptoms and disorders were evaluated. Results The study team screened 4946 studies and included 80 studies in the systematic review. Seventy-four studies reported on the association between internalizing symptoms and disorders and migraine, and 51 studies were amenable to pooling. Meta-analyses comparing children and adolescents with migraine with healthy controls showed: (1) an association between migraine and anxiety symptoms (SMD, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.64-1.63); (2) an association between migraine and depressive symptoms (SMD, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.46-0.87); and (3) significantly higher odds of anxiety disorders (OR, 1.93, 95% CI, 1.49-2.50) and depressive disorders (OR, 2.01, 95% CI, 1.46-2.78) in those with, vs without, migraine. Stratification of results did not reveal differences between clinical vs community/population-based samples and there was no evidence of publication bias. Twenty studies assessing the association between internalizing symptoms or disorders and migraine outcomes (n = 18) or incident migraine (n = 2) were summarized descriptively given significant heterogeneity, with minimal conclusions drawn. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, children and adolescents with migraine were at higher risk of anxiety and depression symptoms and disorders compared with healthy controls. It may be beneficial to routinely screen children and adolescents with migraine for anxiety and depression in clinical practice. It is unclear whether having anxiety and depressive symptoms or disorders has an affect on migraine outcomes or incidence.
Too Much Fuel on the Fire? Linking Obesity, Metabolism, and Melanoma Outcomes
Authors: Keiran S.M. Smalley
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Summary Patients with metastatic melanoma who are overweight or obese have improved outcomes when treated with immunotherapies or targeted therapies. A recent study provides the first evidence that the host metabolic state influences the tumor metabolic phenotype, with implications for tumor progression and therapeutic response. See related article by Hahn et al., p. 154
Impact of pre-transplant induction and consolidation cycles on AML allogeneic transplant outcomes: a CIBMTR analysis in 3113 AML patients
Authors: Michael Boyiadzis, Mei-Jie Zhang, Karen Chen, Hisham Abdel-Azim, Muhammad Bilal Abid, Mahmoud Aljurf, Ulrike Bacher, Talha Badar, Sherif M. Badawy, Minoo Battiwalla, Nelli Bejanyan, Vijaya Raj Bhatt, Valerie I. Brown, Paul Castillo, Jan Cerny, Edward A. Copelan, Charles Craddock, Bhagirathbhai Dholaria, Miguel Angel Diaz Perez, Christen L. Ebens, Robert Peter Gale, Siddhartha Ganguly, Lohith Gowda, Michael R. Grunwald, Shahrukh Hashmi, Gerhard C. Hildebrandt, Madiha Iqbal, Omer Jamy, Mohamed A. Kharfan-Dabaja, Nandita Khera, Hillard M. Lazarus, Richard Lin, Dipenkumar Modi, Sunita Nathan, Taiga Nishihori, Sagar S. Patel, Attaphol Pawarode, Wael Saber, Akshay Sharma, Melhem Solh, John L. Wagner, Trent Wang, Kirsten M. Williams, Lena E. Winestone, Baldeep Wirk, Amer Zeidan, Christopher S. Hourigan, Mark Litzow, Partow Kebriaei, Marcos de Lima, Kristin Page, Daniel J. Weisdorf
Journal: Leukemia (2022)
Attrition of Indigenous Medical Students Requires Swift Institutional Response—Reply
Authors: Mytien Nguyen, Tonya Fancher, Dowin Boatright
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Unchanged Diagnostic Imaging for Urinary Stone Disease—Where Do We Go From Here?
Authors: Rebecca Smith-Bindman, Matthew E. Nielsen, Ralph C. Wang
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Inclusion of Non–English-Speaking Participants in Pediatric Health Research
Authors: Annie Chen, Sabrina Demaestri, Kelsey Schweiberger, Jaime Sidani, Riley Wolynn, Diego Chaves-Gnecco, Raquel Hernandez, Scott Rothenberger, Erin Mickievicz, John D. Cowden, Maya I. Ragavan
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

Importance The inclusion of non–English-speaking (NES) participants in pediatric research is an essential step to improving health equity for these populations. Although some studies have shown lack of progress in NES research participation in the past decade, few have examined NES inclusivity in pediatric research or details about the practices that researchers have used to communicate with NES participants. Objective To assess how frequently NES families were included in pediatric research, how rates of inclusion changed over time, what languages were included, and methodological details about oral and written communication with NES participants. Evidence Review In this review, all original investigation articles published in JAMA Pediatrics , Pediatrics , and The Journal of Pediatrics between January 2012 and November 2021 were screened. Eligible articles, which included those based in the US and with human participants, were reviewed to determine whether they included or excluded NES participants or whether or not there was specific mention of language. A second-round review was conducted on the subset of articles that included NES participants to determine methodological details (eg, languages included, type of study, region where the study was located, and oral and written communication practices with NES participants). Findings Of the 8142 articles screened, 5008 (62%) met inclusion criteria; of these, 469 (9%) included NES participants. The most common language was Spanish (350 [75%]); 145 articles (31%) reported non-English or other language without specification. A total of 230 articles (49%) reported the number of NES participants, and 61 (13%) specified the methods used to determine whether participants preferred a language other than English. In all, 101 (22%) and 136 (29%) articles specified how oral and written communication occurred with NES participants, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance This review of 3 pediatric journals provides preliminary evidence suggesting exclusion of NES communities from pediatric research from 2012 to 2021 and highlights an opportunity to provide more methodological detail about communication with NES participants. Best practices for improving inclusivity of NES participants are needed to guide researchers toward improved methods and more relevant results.
Miniature NIR‐II Nanoprobes for Active‐Targeted Phototheranostics of Brain Tumors
Authors: Yayun Wu, Dehong Hu, Duyang Gao, Chunchen Liu, Hairong Zheng, Zonghai Sheng
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Abstract Nanoprobes (NPs) in the second near‐infrared biowindow (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) are developed and widely used in cancer phototheranostics. However, most NIR‐II NPs exhibit low phototheranostic efficiency due to their tedious synthetic routes, large particle sizes (&gt;20 nm), and lack of active targeting properties. Here, miniature NIR‐II NPs, named HSA‐ICG‐iRGD, for active‐targeted NIR‐II phototheranostics of brain tumors are reported. The HSA‐ICG‐iRGD probes are designed based on hydrophobic interactions as well as hydrogen bonds between albumin and indocyanine green derivatives (ICG‐iRGD) via molecular docking. The as‐prepared NPs have a compact size of 10 nm and show tumor‐targeting ability by specifically binding to α v β 3 integrin receptors which are highly expressed on the surface of brain tumor cells via iRGD peptides. The HSA‐ICG‐iRGD NPs are then applied to perform active‐targeted NIR‐II fluorescence imaging, resulting in a signal‐to‐background ratio of 6.85 in orthotopic glioma mouse models. Under the selected laser irradiation of 808 nm, the photothermal effect of HSA‐ICG‐iRGD extends the survival of the tumor‐bearing mice to 55 days, significantly longer than that of the control group (30 days). These results highlight the potential of miniature NPs for active‐targeted NIR‐II fluorescence imaging and phototherapy of brain tumors.
National Imaging Trends for Suspected Urinary Stone Disease in the Emergency Department
Authors: Calyani Ganesan, Margaret R. Stedman, Sai Liu, Simon L. Conti, Glenn M. Chertow, John T. Leppert, Alan C. Pao
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

This cohort study examines the use of an ultrasonography-first strategy for urinary stone disease.