tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Obesity (Japanese Version)
Authors: Adam Gilden Tsai, Daniel H. Bessesen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

In the Clinic5 March 2019Obesity (Japanese Version)Adam Gilden Tsai, MD, MSCE and Daniel H. Bessesen, MDAdam Gilden Tsai, MD, MSCEFrom Kaiser Permanente, Metabolic-Surgical Weight Management, Denver, Colorado. (A.G.T.)Search for more papers by this author and Daniel H. Bessesen, MDFrom University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado. (D.H.B.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/IsTranslatedFrom_AITC201903050_Japanese SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Editors' Note: This article (available in PDF format) is the translated Japanese version of In the Clinic: Obesity (Tsai AG, Bessesen DH. Obesity. Ann Intern Med. 2019;170:ITC33-ITC48. doi:10.7326/AITC201903050. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Kaiser Permanente, Metabolic-Surgical Weight Management, Denver, Colorado. (A.G.T.)From University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado. (D.H.B.)Funding Source: American College of Physicians.Disclosures: Dr. Tsai, ACP Contributing Author, has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bessesen, ACP Contributing Author, reports other support from EnteroMedics/ReShape Lifesciences outside the submitted work. Disclosures can also be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M18-2783.With the assistance of additional physician writers, the editors of Annals of Internal Medicine develop In the Clinic using MKSAP and other resources of the American College of Physicians.In the Clinic does not necessarily represent official ACP clinical policy. For ACP clinical guidelines, please go to https://www.acponline.org/clinical_information/guidelines/. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoObesity Adam Gilden Tsai and Daniel H. Bessesen Metrics 5 March 2019Volume 170, Issue 5Page: JITC33-JITC48KeywordsBariatric surgeryBody mass indexDietEatingExerciseMorbid obesityMortalityObesitySurgeryWeight loss ePublished: 21 March 2023 Issue Published: 5 March 2019 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2019 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Clinical evidence for immune-based strategies in early-line multiple myeloma: current challenges in decision-making for subsequent therapy
Authors: Noopur Raje, María-Victoria Mateos, Shinsuke Iida, Donna Reece
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2023)

Almost all patients with multiple myeloma (MM) will eventually develop disease that has relapsed with or become refractory to available treatments and will require additional therapy. However, data are still lacking on how best to sequence regimens in the relapsed/refractory (RR) setting after the failure of early-line lenalidomide, bortezomib, and/or daratumumab, the most commonly used agents in clinical practice today. With the treatment landscape rapidly changing in response to emerging clinical trial data and approvals of several new drugs and additional combinations, it is critically important to focus on patients with RRMM. Variability in patient baseline characteristics, such as the number of prior lines of treatment, refractoriness to prior treatments, prior stem cell transplant, and timing and dosing of prior lenalidomide, makes it difficult to select the best options for patients with RRMM for whom first-line treatments have failed. The aim of this review is to provide both an overview of current therapies and future directions within the RRMM treatment landscape, and a framework for clinicians to choose the most promising next treatment option.
An Assessment of Quaternary Structure Functionality in Homomer Protein Complexes
Authors: György Abrusán, Carles Foguet
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2023)

It has been recently suggested that a significant fraction of homomer protein-protein interfaces evolve neutrally, without contributing to function, due to a hydrophobic bias in missense mutations. However, the fraction of such gratuitous complexes is currently unknown. Here, we quantified the fraction of homodimers where multimerization is unlikely to contribute to their biochemical function. We show that: 1) ligand binding-site structure predicts whether a homomer is functional or not; the vast majority of homodimers with multichain binding-sites (MBS) are likely to be functional, while in homodimers with single-chain binding-sites (SBS) and small to medium interfaces, quaternary structure is unlikely to be functional in a significant fraction-35%, even up to 42%-of complexes; 2) the hydrophobicity of interfaces changes little with the strength of selection, and the amino acid composition of interfaces is shaped by the "hydrophobic ratchet" in both types, but they are not in a strict equilibrium with mutations; particularly cysteines are much more abundant in mutations than in interfaces or surfaces; 3) in MBS homomers, the interfaces are conserved, while in a high fraction of SBS homomers, the interface is not more conserved than the solvent-accessible surface; and 4) MBS homomer interfaces coevolve more strongly with ligand binding sites than the interfaces of SBS homomers, and MBS complexes have higher capacity to transfer information from ligands across the interfaces than SBS homomers, explaining the enrichment of allostery in the former.
Complexity of Team Dynamics in the Academic Environment—A Need for Intentionality
Authors: Anthony E. Johnson, Benjamin McArthur
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Experimental diets dictate the metabolic benefits of probiotics in obesity
Authors: Ida Søgaard Larsen, Béatrice S.-Y. Choi, Bandik Föh, Nanna Ny Kristensen, Adia Ouellette, Rune Falkenberg Haller, Peter Bjarke Olsen, Delphine Saulnier, Christian Sina, Benjamin A. H. Jensen, André Marette
Journal: Gut Microbes (2023)

Growing evidence supports the use of probiotics to prevent or mitigate obesity-related dysmetabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, frequent reports of responders versus non-responders to probiotic treatment warrant a better understanding of key modifiers of host–microbe interactions. The influence of host diet on probiotic efficacy, in particular against metabolic diseases, remains elusive. We fed C57BL6/J mice a low fat reference diet or one of two energy-matched high fat and high sucrose diets for 12 weeks; a classical high fat diet (HFD) and a customized fast food-mimicking diet (FFMD). During the studies, mice fed either obesogenic diet were gavaged daily with one of two probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains previously classified as Lactobaccillus, namely Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri)or Lacticaseibacillus paracaseisubsp. paracasei (L. paracasei), or vehicle. The tested probiotics exhibited a reproducible efficacy but dichotomous response according to the obesogenic diets used. Indeed, L. paracaseiprevented weight gain, improved insulin sensitivity, and protected against NAFLD development in mice fed HFD, but not FFMD. Conversely, L. reuteri improved glucoregulatory capacity, reduced NAFLD development, and increased distal gut bile acid levels associated with changes in predicted functions of the gut microbiota exclusively in the context of FFMD-feeding. We found that the probiotic efficacy of two LAB strains is highly dependent on experimental obesogenic diets. These findings highlight the need to carefully consider the confounding impact of diet in order to improve both the reproducibility of preclinical probiotic studies and their clinical research translatability.
Covid-19 Surveillance Testing and Resident Outcomes in Nursing Homes
Authors: Brian E. McGarry, Ashvin D. Gandhi, Michael L. Barnett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

Despite widespread adoption of surveillance testing for coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) among staff members in skilled nursing facilities, evidence is limited regarding its relationship with outcomes among facility residents.Using data obtained from 2020 to 2022, we performed a retrospective cohort study of testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among staff members in 13,424 skilled nursing facilities during three pandemic periods: before vaccine approval, before the B.1.1.529 (omicron) variant wave, and during the omicron wave. We assessed staff testing volumes during weeks without Covid-19 cases relative to other skilled nursing facilities in the same county, along with Covid-19 cases and deaths among residents during potential outbreaks (defined as the occurrence of a case after 2 weeks with no cases). We reported adjusted differences in outcomes between high-testing facilities (90th percentile of test volume) and low-testing facilities (10th percentile). The two primary outcomes were the weekly cumulative number of Covid-19 cases and related deaths among residents during potential outbreaks.During the overall study period, 519.7 cases of Covid-19 per 100 potential outbreaks were reported among residents of high-testing facilities as compared with 591.2 cases among residents of low-testing facilities (adjusted difference, -71.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], -91.3 to -51.6). During the same period, 42.7 deaths per 100 potential outbreaks occurred in high-testing facilities as compared with 49.8 deaths in low-testing facilities (adjusted difference, -7.1; 95% CI, -11.0 to -3.2). Before vaccine availability, high- and low-testing facilities had 759.9 cases and 1060.2 cases, respectively, per 100 potential outbreaks (adjusted difference, -300.3; 95% CI, -377.1 to -223.5), along with 125.2 and 166.8 deaths (adjusted difference, -41.6; 95% CI, -57.8 to -25.5). Before the omicron wave, the numbers of cases and deaths were similar in high- and low-testing facilities; during the omicron wave, high-testing facilities had fewer cases among residents, but deaths were similar in the two groups.Greater surveillance testing of staff members at skilled nursing facilities was associated with clinically meaningful reductions in Covid-19 cases and deaths among residents, particularly before vaccine availability.
Differential Retention of Pfam Domains Contributes to Long-term Evolutionary Trends
Authors: Jennifer E James, Paul G Nelson, Joanna Masel
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2023)

Abstract Protein domains that emerged more recently in evolution have a higher structural disorder and greater clustering of hydrophobic residues along the primary sequence. It is hard to explain how selection acting via descent with modification could act so slowly as not to saturate over the extraordinarily long timescales over which these trends persist. Here, we hypothesize that the trends were created by a higher level of selection that differentially affects the retention probabilities of protein domains with different properties. This hypothesis predicts that loss rates should depend on disorder and clustering trait values. To test this, we inferred loss rates via maximum likelihood for animal Pfam domains, after first performing a set of stringent quality control methods to reduce annotation errors. Intermediate trait values, matching those of ancient domains, are associated with the lowest loss rates, making our results difficult to explain with reference to previously described homology detection biases. Simulations confirm that effect sizes are of the right magnitude to produce the observed long-term trends. Our results support the hypothesis that differential domain loss slowly weeds out those protein domains that have nonoptimal levels of disorder and clustering. The same preferences also shape the differential diversification of Pfam domains, thereby further impacting proteome composition.
Treatment Type Did Not Change Prostate Cancer Survival in UK Trial
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Results from a trial involving 1643 men in the UK aged 50 to 69 years with localized prostate cancer showed that, after 15 years of follow-up, deaths from prostate cancer were similarly low among patients randomized to receive active monitoring of their tumors, a prostatectomy, or radiotherapy.
Attention Bias Modification Treatment Versus a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Or Waiting List Control for Social Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Gal Arad, Omer Azriel, Daniel S. Pine, Amit Lazarov, Omer Sol, Mark Weiser, Eddie Garber, Miki Bloch, Yair Bar-Haim
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2023)

Objective: Social anxiety disorder is common and impairing. The efficacy of pharmacotherapy is moderate, highlighting the need for alternative therapies. This study compared the efficacy of gaze-contingent music reward therapy (GC-MRT), an eye-tracking-based attention bias modification treatment, with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment or a waiting list control condition in reducing social anxiety disorder symptoms. Superior clinical effects of similar magnitude were expected for the active treatments relative to the control condition. Methods: Participants were 105 treatment-seeking adults with social anxiety disorder, randomly allocated to 12 weeks of GC-MRT, SSRI, or waiting list control. Mean changes in clinician-rated and self-reported social anxiety symptoms from baseline to mid- and posttreatment assessments were compared between groups using generalized estimating equations. Changes in attentional dwell time on threat were also examined. Results: Analysis indicated a significant differential reduction in symptoms between groups. Patients in the GC-MRT and SSRI groups had lower social anxiety scores at the mid- and posttreatment assessments compared with patients in the waiting list group. The efficacy of the active treatments did not differ. Only patients in the GC-MRT group showed reduction in dwell time on threat from baseline to posttreatment assessment. Conclusions: Eye-tracking-based attention bias modification is an acceptable and effective treatment option for social anxiety disorder.
CCL5-producing migratory dendritic cells guide CCR5+ monocytes into the draining lymph nodes
Authors: Kavita Rawat, Anita Tewari, Xin Li, Arlind B. Mara, William T. King, Sophie L. Gibbings, Chinaza F. Nnam, Fred W. Kolling, Bart N. Lambrecht, Claudia V. Jakubzick
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2023)

Dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes capture, transport, and present antigen to cognate T cells in the draining lymph nodes (LNs) in a CCR7-dependent manner. Since only migratory DCs express this chemokine receptor, it is unclear how monocytes reach the LN. In steady-state and following inhalation of several PAMPs, scRNA-seq identified LN mononuclear phagocytes as monocytes, resident, or migratory type 1 and type 2 conventional (c)DCs, despite the downregulation of Xcr1, Clec9a, H2-Ab1, Sirpa, and Clec10a transcripts on migratory cDCs. Migratory cDCs, however, upregulated Ccr7, Ccl17, Ccl22, and Ccl5. Migratory monocytes expressed Ccr5, a high-affinity receptor for Ccl5. Using two tracking methods, we observed that both CD88hiCD26lomonocytes and CD88−CD26hi cDCs captured inhaled antigens in the lung and migrated to LNs. Antigen exposure in mixed-chimeric Ccl5-, Ccr2-, Ccr5-, Ccr7-, and Batf3-deficient mice demonstrated that while antigen-bearing DCs use CCR7 to reach the LN, monocytes use CCR5 to follow CCL5-secreting migratory cDCs into the LN, where they regulate DC-mediated immunity.
Nature‐Skin‐Derived e‐Skin as Versatile “Wound Therapy‐Health Monitoring” Bioelectronic Skin‐Scaffolds: Skin to Bio‐e‐Skin
Authors: Xinhua Liu, Boqiang Cui, Xuechuan Wang, Manhui Zheng, Zhongxue Bai, Ouyang Yue, Yifan Fei, Huie Jiang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Electronic skins (e‐skins) have the potential to turn into breakthroughs in biomedical applications. Herein, a novel acellular dermal matrix (ADM)‐based bioelectronic skin (e‐ADM) is used to fabricate versatile “wound therapy‐health monitoring” tissue‐nanoengineered skin scaffolds via a facile “one‐pot” bio‐compositing strategy to incorporate the conductive carbon nanotubes and self‐assembled micro‐copper oxide microspheres with a cicada‐wing‐like rough surface and nanocone microstructure. The e‐ADM exhibits robust tensile strength (22 MPa), flexibility, biodegradability, electroactivity, and antibacterial properties. Interestingly, e‐ADM exhibits the pH‐responsive ability for intelligent command between sterilization and wound repair . Additionally, e‐ADM enables accurate real‐time monitoring of human activities, providing a novel flexible e‐skin sensor to record injury and motions. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that with electrical stimulation, e‐ADM could prominently facilitate cell growth and proliferation and further promote full‐thickness skin wound healing, providing a comprehensive therapeutic strategy for smart sensing and tissue repair, guiding the development of high‐performance “wound therapy‐health monitoring” bioelectronic skin‐scaffolds.
The Health Effects of 72 Hours of Simulated Wind Turbine Infrasound: A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Study in Noise-Sensitive, Healthy Adults
Authors: Nathaniel S. Marshall, Garry Cho, Brett G. Toelle, Renzo Tonin, Delwyn J. Bartlett, Angela L. D’Rozario, Carla A. Evans, Christine T. Cowie, Oliver Janev, Christopher R. Whitfeld, Nick Glozier, Bruce E. Walker, Roo Killick, Miriam S. Welgampola, Craig L. Phillips, Guy B. Marks, Ronald R. Grunstein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2023)

Background: Large electricity-generating wind turbines emit both audible sound and inaudible infrasound at very low frequencies that are outside of the normal human range of hearing. Sufferers of wind turbine syndrome (WTS) have attributed their ill-health and particularly their sleep disturbance to the signature pattern of infrasound. Critics have argued that these symptoms are psychological in origin and are attributable to nocebo effects. Objectives: We aimed to test the effects of 72 h of infrasound (1.6–20 Hz at a sound level of ∼90 dB pk re 20μPa, simulating a wind turbine infrasound signature) exposure on human physiology, particularly sleep. Methods: We conducted a randomized double-blind triple-arm crossover laboratory-based study of 72 h exposure with a >10-d washout conducted in a noise-insulated sleep laboratory in the style of a studio apartment. The exposures were infrasound (∼90 dB pk), sham infrasound (same speakers not generating infrasound), and traffic noise exposure [active control; at a sound pressure level of 40–50 dB LAeq,night and 70 dB LAFmax transient maxima, night (2200 to 0700 hours)]. The following physiological and psychological measures and systems were tested for their sensitivity to infrasound: wake after sleep onset (WASO; primary outcome) and other measures of sleep physiology, wake electroencephalography, WTS symptoms, cardiovascular physiology, and neurobehavioral performance. Results: We randomized 37 noise-sensitive but otherwise healthy adults (18–72 years of age; 51% female) into the study before a COVID19-related public health order forced the study to close. WASO was not affected by infrasound compared with sham infrasound (−1.36 min; 95% CI: −6.60, 3.88, p=0.60) but was worsened by the active control traffic exposure compared with sham by 6.07 min (95% CI: 0.75, 11.39, p=0.02). Infrasound did not worsen any subjective or objective measures used. Discussion: Our findings did not support the idea that infrasound causes WTS. High level, but inaudible, infrasound did not appear to perturb any physiological or psychological measure tested in these study participants. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10757
Acute Effects of Coffee Consumption on Health among Ambulatory Adults
Authors: Gregory M. Marcus, David G. Rosenthal, Gregory Nah, Eric Vittinghoff, Christina Fang, Kelsey Ogomori, Sean Joyce, Defne Yilmaz, Vivian Yang, Tara Kessedjian, Emily Wilson, Michelle Yang, Kathleen Chang, Grace Wall, Jeffrey E. Olgin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

Coffee is one of the most commonly consumed beverages in the world, but the acute health effects of coffee consumption remain uncertain.We conducted a prospective, randomized, case-crossover trial to examine the effects of caffeinated coffee on cardiac ectopy and arrhythmias, daily step counts, sleep minutes, and serum glucose levels. A total of 100 adults were fitted with a continuously recording electrocardiogram device, a wrist-worn accelerometer, and a continuous glucose monitor. Participants downloaded a smartphone application to collect geolocation data. We used daily text messages, sent over a period of 14 days, to randomly instruct participants to consume caffeinated coffee or avoid caffeine. The primary outcome was the mean number of daily premature atrial contractions. Adherence to the randomization assignment was assessed with the use of real-time indicators recorded by the participants, daily surveys, reimbursements for date-stamped receipts for coffee purchases, and virtual monitoring (geofencing) of coffee-shop visits.The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 39±13 years; 51% were women, and 51% were non-Hispanic White. Adherence to the random assignments was assessed to be high. The consumption of caffeinated coffee was associated with 58 daily premature atrial contractions as compared with 53 daily events on days when caffeine was avoided (rate ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98 to 1.20; P = 0.10). The consumption of caffeinated coffee as compared with no caffeine consumption was associated with 154 and 102 daily premature ventricular contractions, respectively (rate ratio, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.94); 10,646 and 9665 daily steps (mean difference, 1058; 95% CI, 441 to 1675); 397 and 432 minutes of nightly sleep (mean difference, 36; 95% CI, 25 to 47); and serum glucose levels of 95 mg per deciliter and 96 mg per deciliter (mean difference, -0.41; 95% CI, -5.42 to 4.60).In this randomized trial, the consumption of caffeinated coffee did not result in significantly more daily premature atrial contractions than the avoidance of caffeine. (Funded by the University of California, San Francisco, and the National Institutes of Health; CRAVE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03671759.).
SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Authors: Brian W McCrindle, Ashraf S Harahsheh, Ryan Handoko, Geetha Raghuveer, Michael A Portman, Michael Khoury, Jane W Newburger, Simon Lee, Supriya S Jain, Manaswitha Khare, Nagib Dahdah, Cedric Manlhiot
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)