tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In Reply
Authors: Gildy V. Babiera, Brian D. Badgwell, Isabelle Bedrosian, Sharon H. Giordano, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Kelly K. Hunt, Henry M. Kuerer, S. Eva Singletary
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

results in overdetection and overtreatment for these women.Other significant and commonly cited risks of screening such as falsepositive and false-negative tests should be also considered, as well as patient preferences. 4We previously examined preferences around mammography screening in women age 80 years and older and found that although some have strong opinions about whether or not they should undergo screening, the majority are influenced by their physician's recommendation. 13,14However, physicians noted that they found it challenging to make recommendations about mammography screening for women age 80 years and older because of the limited data available on the benefits and risks. 12More data are needed on both the benefits and risks of screening women age 80 years and older and the benefits and risks of treatment to inform screening decisions.
Sovetskaia Meditsina, Moskva
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PWE-183 Investigations for coeliac disease in iron deficiency anaemia—are we following BSG guidelines?
Authors: S Nayagam, K Lloyd, E Byrne, M M Walker, H R T Williams
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> BSG guidelines for the investigation of iron deficiency anaemia (2011)<sup>1</sup> recommend screening of these patients for coeliac disease (CD) by serology. Small bowel biopsy is recommended at OGD if coeliac serology is positive or not available. If coeliac serology is negative, small bowel biopsies need not be performed at OGD unless there is a high degree of suspicion for CD despite negative serology. <h3>Methods</h3> We retrospectively evaluated the use of coeliac serology testing (tissue transglutaminase antibody, tTG) and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (OGD) with duodenal biopsies in the evaluation of anaemia, according to BSG guidelines in our NW London teaching hospital cohort. All upper GI endoscopies performed for anaemia over a 6-month period were reviewed for rates of duodenal biopsy and results, and serological testing. <h3>Results</h3> In 6 months, 206 OGDs were performed for anaemia. Duodenal biopsies were taken in 134/206 (65%). Of 72 (35%) procedures at which no duodenal biopsy was taken, another cause for anaemia found on OGD in 27, six had melaena or acutely falling haemoglobin as an indication for OGD, six had previous duodenal biopsies, and the procedure could not be completed in nine cases. Five patients with no duodenal biopsy taken at endoscopy had negative coeliac serology prior to OGD. 19/206 (9.2%) patients did not have duodenal biopsies taken at endoscopy, despite an indication for biopsy. 48/206 (23.3%) patients referred for an OGD with anaemia had coeliac serology performed (34 prior to OGD and 14 after OGD). All results were negative. 3/134 duodenal biopsies showed features suggestive of CD (tTG negative) and 11/134 (8.2%) duodenal biopsies showed lymphocytic duodenosis (LD) (normal villous architecture and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes &gt;25/100 enterocytes) (5/11 tTG sent and negative, 6/11 not done). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Coeliac disease is a major cause of iron deficiency anaemia in the UK. Tissue transglutaminase antibody is a simple, non-invasive test, which was underused in our cohort. It was performed prior to upper GI endoscopy in only 16.5% of patients. Duodenal biopsies were taken in the majority of cases when indicated in anaemia, though there is room for improvement. While 10.4% had biopsies suggestive of CD, serology to confirm this was only performed in 57.1%. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>Reference</h3> 1. <b>Goddard AF</b>, James MW, McIntyre AS, <i>et al.</i> Guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anaemia (BSG). <i>Gut</i> 2011;<b>60</b>:1309–16.
Current Concepts in Digitalis Therapy
Authors: Bernard Lown, Samuel A. Levine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

TreatmentThe treatment of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with block does not differ from the methods of managing other manifestations of digitalis intoxication. Digitalis is stopped, and diuretic measures are suspended until all evidence of overdosage has disappeared. The patient's activity is restricted. To suppress toxicity either one of the salts of potassium or procaine amide (Pronestyl) is employed. Potassium The effectiveness of potassium salts has been pointed out. A few comments are necessary on the indications for its use, methods of administration and the hazards that attend therapy. In the ambulatory patient with digitalis overdosage the daily administration of 5.0 . . .
Impact of rural/urban residence on relative survival (RS) in patients with kidney cancer: An analysis of 14576 patients from the Austrian National Cancer Registry (ANCR).
Authors: Martin Marszalek, Henrike E Karim-Kos, Stephan Madersbacher, Michael Rauchenwald, Monika Hackl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

e16072 Background: Access to medical diagnostics and treatment might be limited for patients living in rural areas compared to urban residents. To evaluate the potential impact of urban/rural residence, we analyzed trends in RS for patients diagnosed with kidney cancer between 1998 and 2015 in Austria. Methods: All patients with kidney cancer aged ≥18 years, diagnosed between 1998 and 2015 were derived from the ANCR (N = 22,041). Patients were categorized into two groups: rural (N = 7,53) and urban (N = 10,552) based on a complex algorithm considering infrastructure, commuter interrelations, accessibility of centers and tourism at the time of diagnosis. Relative survival was calculated based on complete follow-up until December 31st, 2016. Poisson regression modeling was used to evaluate survival differences between the two groups and to calculate the relative excess risk of dying (RER). Analyses were performed for the total patient population and primary metastatic patients (M+, N = 2,490). Results: Distribution of age and surgical treatment did not differ between rural and urban patients. Five-year RS was 75% for rural patients compared to 73% for urban patients (RER for rural: 0.85, 95%CI 0.80-0.91). In M+ patients, 5-year RS was 14% for urban patients and 15% for rural patients (p = .02) Multivariate analysis showed that residence remained as an independent predictor for survival in the overall kidney cancer population (RER of rural patients 0.84, 95%CI 0.78-0.89). For M+ patients the RER of rural patients was 0.86 ( 95%CI 0.79-0.94) compared to urban M+ patients. For patients without surgery, rural patients were even stronger benefited in their survival than urban patients (overall population: RER 0.77, 95% CI 0.71-0.83; M+ patients: RER 0.81, 95%CI 0.72-0.91) wherereas in surgical patients RS did not differ between rural and urban patients. Conclusions: An advantage in RS was observed for kidney cancer patients living in rural areas. This advantage was evident in metastatic and non-metastatic patients, especially in patients who did not undergo surgery for (metastatic) kidney cancer. These results suggest that access to medical health care for kidney cancer patients in Austria is not limited by rural residence.
The living will. Help or hindrance?
Authors: S. J. Eisendrath
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The living will is a statement that directs physicians to act in certain ways during a patient's terminal phase of illness. The physician is instructed not to take measures that would prolong the life of the patient. The living will is designed to promote patient autonomy while removing onerous decision making from physicians and the patients' families. Experience with the living will indicates that it can either help or hinder clinical decision making. When appropriately implemented, the living will can perform its intended functions. When vague in terminology or applied to patients with uncertain prognoses, the living will can promote medical staff confusion. Adequate communication between patient and physician can improve the utility of the living will. Other considerations affecting the applications of the living will are discussed in detail. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:2054-2058)
Impact of Vaccines Universally Recommended for Children--United States, 1900-1998
Journal: JAMA (1999)

At the beginning of the 20th century, infectious diseases were widely prevalent in the United States and exacted an enormous toll on the population. For example, in 1900, 21,064 smallpox cases were reported, and 894 patients died. In 1920, 469,924 measles cases were reported, and 7575 patients died; 147,991 diphtheria cases were reported, and 13,170 patients died. In 1922, 107,473 pertussis cases were reported, and 5099 patients died.
Symphonic praise
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Background:</h3> A returning dilemma for families with multiple births is whether twins should share the same, or a parallel classroom, or in other words, whether they should be separated at school or not. This study investigated the effects of sharing a classroom during primary school on cognitive achievement in twins. <h3>Method:</h3> Subjects were 839 monozygotic and 1164 dizygotic twin pairs who were registered at birth at The Netherlands Twin Register. A prospective, longitudinal study design was used with educational achievement at age 12 years, measured with a standardised test (CITO test), as outcome measure. <h3>Results:</h3> Most twin pairs (72%) shared a classroom during their schooling, 19% were in separate, but parallel, classes, and 9% “partly” shared a classroom. Twins who were in parallel classrooms had higher CITO scores (mean 539.51; SD 8.12), compared to twins who shared a classroom (537.99; SD 8.52). When controlling for socioeconomic status, and externalising problems before starting primary school (age 3), there was no significant difference in educational achievement between separated and non-separated twin pairs (p = 0.138). In addition, there was no interaction with sex or zygosity of the twins (p = 0.798). <h3>Conclusion:</h3> There is no difference in educational achievement between twins who share a classroom and twins who do not share a classroom during their primary school time. The choice of separation should be made by teachers, parents and their twin children, based on individual characteristics of a twin pair.
Platelet aggregates as markers of platelet activation: Characterization of flow cytometric method suitable for clinical applications
Authors: Wenche Jy, Lawrence L. Horstman, Haejoe Park, Wei‐Wei Mao, Peter Valant, Yeon S. Ahn
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

The present paper describes a flow cytometric method for assay of platelet aggregates (PAg) in blood. This method combines and simplifies previously reported techniques, simultaneously enumerating PAg formed upon platelet activation, their expression of activation marker CD62P (P-selectin), and their content of bound leukocytes (LPAg). The sensitivity of this method to low levels of agonists (ADP, collagen) is compared to conventional aggregometry and some features of platelet-leukocyte interaction are explored. The results were: (1) ADP or collagen induced a dose-dependent increase in PAg number and corresponding decline in free platelets. The ED50 for ADP (0.15 μM) and for collagen (0.2 μg/mL) was about 1/20 the ED50 found by aggregometry, indicating 20-fold greater sensitivity. (2) At higher concentrations, the fraction of PAg with bound leukocytes (LPAg) increased to 60–70%. This rise correlated with PAg size and CD62P expression, but not with the number of PAg formed. (3) The response of whole blood (WBD) to agonists was qualitatively different from that of platelet-rich plasma (PRP): in WBD the population of CD62P+ PAg was much higher than in PRP and the population of CD62P+ free platelets was much lower. This implies that leukocytes rapidly recruit activated platelets. (4) Desmopressin (DDAVP) at 5 nmol/L induced a significant rise in activated (CD62P+) PAg and platelets, even though no effect of DDAVP could be detected by conventional aggregometry; this further confirms that DDAVP acts directly on platelets. (5) Plasma samples from TTP patients induced a rise in PAg when added to normal PRP, though little or no effect could be detected by aggregometry. In summary, the flow cytometric method described here appears useful for detecting low levels of platelet activation and provides information on platelet leukocyte interaction, potentially important in identifying and differentiating thrombogenic states. Since it is rapid and economical, it is well suited for clinical implementation. Am. J. Hematol. 57:33–42, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Computer technology
Journal: Gut (1994)

3rd UEGWOslo 1994 RNA positive, were negative by anti-Cl 00-3, but all were positive by anti-HCV 11.One hundred thirty four (93.7%) patients proven anti-HCV 11 positive, were all positive by HCV-RNA.But 9 (6.3%) patients who were proven HCV-RNA negative, were positive by anti-HCV 11.We determined the genotype of these 9 patients and found that 3 patients had type ll, one patient had type IV and the remaining 5 were again negative in this test.Conclusions: (1) Anti-HCV II was more sensitive and specific than the anti- C100-3, and was available for screening of chronic HCV infection.Detecting HCV-RNA was not practically useful in screening chronic infection. (2)In a small number of patients with genotype IlIl or IV, HCV-RNA could not be detected by RT-PCR using primers for the 5' non-coding region.If chronic hepatitis C patients are HCV-RNA negative but anti-HCV 11 positive, we can assume that the genotype of some of them are IlIl or IV 1058
Language of illness.
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Identical and non-identical twins treated with other drugs,.including barbiturates, had a lower plasma level of nortrip- tyline than their untreated control twins.Of great interest were one pair of identical twins who were both receiving barbiturates.Their plasma levels of nortriptyline were closely similar at 17 and 15 ng./ml.Now barbiturates will increase the rate of drug breakdown by inducing the formation of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the microsomes of liver cells, and it appears that in this pair of identical twins the extent of induction was much the same.This study suggests that most of the variability in the steady-state level of nortriptyline in the plasma is genetically determined provided no other drugs are being taken.The close similarity in the drug level was not due to environmental influences, for all the identical twins lived apart in separate households.Broadly the same conclusions were reached by E. S. Vesell and J. G. Page in a series of studies published from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda.'4Instead of steady-state plasma levels these workers measured the
CARE OF THE BIOPSY SPECIMEN
Journal: JAMA (1963)

By this time, more than half way through the 20th century, it would seem that the care and handling of biopsy specimens should be a clear and routine procedure. However, this cannot be taken for granted. Surgeons are certainly not transmitting to their students knowledge of the care of biopsy specimens. This situation is aggravated by the increasing skimpiness of training in pathology given to surgeons. A review of issues and reasons involved may therefore once more be in order. The most important biopsies are those which are done when the operation is performed solely for the purpose of obtaining tissue for diagnosis. Obviously, if the patient has been exposed to the discomfort and expense of an operation, to an anesthetic, to risk of shock, and to all the other possible complications of surgical procedure, the most important concern of the operating room team, next to seeing that the patient
Abstract 93: The Potential Mechanisms of Reduced Incidence of VF as the Presenting Rhythm
Authors: Hao Wang, Wanchun Tang, Shijie Sun, Min-shan Tsai, Yongqin Li, Tong Wang, Max H Weil
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background. In our previous studies, we have demonstrated that the administration of both beta-adrenergic receptor blocker (βετα-blocker) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor significantly shortened the duration of ventricular fibrillation (VF). In the present study, we investigated the potential mechanisms of shortened VF durations by pre-treatment of βετα-blocker and ACE inhibitor. Hypothesis. Both βετα-blocker and ACE inhibitor increase the duration of monophasic action potential (MAP) and ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) which accounted for the decreased duration of VF. Methods and Results. Three groups from a total of 15 Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 450 –550 g were fed βετα-blocker propranolol (40 mg/kg/day), ACE inhibitor captopril (100 mg/kg/day), or diluent placebo continuously for 30 days prior to the experiment. MAP90 were measured by self-made contact electrophysiology catheter in an open chest rat model. VFT was determined as the lowest current intensity at which two consecutive stimuli precipitated VF using a previously reported method. Both propranolol and captopril significantly increased the VFT and MAP90 in comparison with placebo controls (Table ). Conclusions. Increased VFT and MAP90 in a rat model pretreated with propranolol and captopril may be the potential mechanisms of reduced duration of VF.
Synalbumin Insulin Antagonist May Impede Uptake of Glucose in the Muscle Tissue
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ziv-aflibercept (Z) in combination with FOLFIRI for second-line treatment of patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): Interim safety data from the global Aflibercept Safety and Quality-of-Life Program in pts pretreated with bevacizumab (B).
Authors: Alberto F. Sobrero, Roberto Bordonaro, Katia Bencardino, Filippo Pietrantonio, Stefan Bauer, Julien Taïeb, Pascale Garreau-Laporte, Chiara Zilocchi, Emmanuelle Dochy, Gérard Lledo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

528 Background: In the VELOUR study, adding ziv-aflibercept (Z) (known as aflibercept outside the United States) to FOLFIRI resulted in improved OS, PFS, and RR in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients (pts) who had received prior oxaliplatin. Prior treatment with bevacizumab (B) did not appear to impact safety profile of Z. The global ASQoP/AFEQT studies are 2 clinical studies (ASQoP [NCT01571284]; AFEQT [NCT01670721]) designed to capture QoL and safety data from a population similar to VELOUR but treated in a real-life setting. We report safety data from the 4th interim analysis in B-pretreated pts. Methods: ASQoP/AFEQT are single-arm, open-label trials of Z in mCRC pts previously treated with an oxaliplatin-containing regimen. Eligible pts receive Z (4 mg/kg) q2w on day 1 of each cycle followed by FOLFIRI until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, death, or investigator/pt decision. Initial starting doses of FOLFIRI and subsequent modifications are at treating physician’s discretion. % of pts with grade (G) 3 or 4 AEs in the combined B-pretreated safety population of ASQoP/AFEQT is compared with B-pretreated pts in the Z + FOLFIRI arm of VELOUR. Results: At data cutoff, overall safety population comprised 688 pts with ≥1 completed treatment cycle; 343 (49.9%) were B-pretreated. Currently, median number of cycles administered to ASQoP/AFEQT pts is 6; in VELOUR, pts in Z + FOLFIRI arm had a median of 9. Table shows summary of TEAEs in B-pretreated pts. Conclusions: Thisinterim safety analysis of ASQoP/AFEQT in B-pretreated pts identified no new safety signals for Z and a trend toward decreased G3/4 events. The analysis provides additional safety data suggesting an acceptable toxicity profile in a real-life setting. Clinical trial information: NCT01571284. [Table: see text]
On spinal mineral loss after the menopause
Authors: R. B. Mazess
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Cann et al (1980; 244:2056) reported that the mineral concentration in computed tomographic (CT) scans of lumbar vertebrae declined by 6% to 10% per year in women (half of whom were estrogen treated) after oophorectomy. Even higher losses (20% per year) were seen in some subjects. The average rate was many times higher than the usual postmenopausal rate (1% per year) of bone loss in iliac crest biopsy or than the comparable aging decrease (1% per year) that might be inferred from the bone density changes of the spinal centrum between ages 40 and 60 years.<sup>1,2</sup>The high loss observed with CT could reflect a technical error. Cann et al gave the incorrect impression that they used dual-energy CT (which is not sensitive to variable fat content of marrow) but actually used single-energy scans, which are subject to large fat-induced inaccuracies.<sup>3</sup>A 10% increase of
Distinct Epigenetic Signatures Delineate Transcriptional Programs during Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cell Differentiation
Authors: Brendan E. Russ, Moshe Olshanksy, Heather S. Smallwood, Jasmine Li, Alice E. Denton, Julia E. Prier, Angus T. Stock, Hayley A. Croom, Jolie G. Cullen, Michelle L.T. Nguyen, Stephanie Rowe, Matthew R. Olson, David B. Finkelstein, Anne Kelso, Paul G. Thomas, Terry P. Speed, Sudha Rao, Stephen J. Turner
Journal: Immunity (2014)