tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: William Lineaweaver
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their discussion of chondrocalcinosis associated with hyperparathyroidism, Drs Aronchick and Dalinka<sup>1</sup>conclude that "since the patient was 76 years old and had other medical problems, it was elected to treat him symptomatically; hence, no neck exploration was performed." It is unwarranted to cite age as a contraindication to parathyroid surgery. Although persons with hypercalcemia and minimal symptoms have been reported to survive comfortably as long as three decades without surgical treatment,<sup>2</sup>the literature supports parathyroidectomy in elderly hyperparathyroid patients in all but the most dire circumstances. At our institution in the last year alone, four uncomplicated parathyroidectomies on patients aged 65 years or older have been performed with subsequent normocalcemia in each patient. Two recently published series<sup>3,4</sup>report a total of 29 patients aged 70 years or older undergoing parathyroidectomy without complication. No age-specific risk factors were identified. These authors state that the
Drugs in the Institutionalized Elderly
Authors: Wayne A. Myers
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In both an article<sup>1</sup>and an editorial<sup>2</sup>in the November 25 issue of<i>JAMA</i>, overdosage with psychotropic drugs of elderly patients in nursing homes was detailed. It was further noted that suboptimal medication choices were commonly prescribed in the facilities reported on in the study. I wish to stress the importance and timeliness of both of these communications. As I have described elsewhere,<sup>3</sup>too many of the problems of elderly patients are dealt with by means of the prescription pad. This "panacea" is often used instead of attentive listening, concerned custodial care, and appropriately indicated psychotherapy. Since these articles detail the potential hazards of nonselective medication abuse in such patients, it is my hope that geriatricians and geriatric psychiatrists will pay heed to the problems described. Only then can intermediate-care facilities hope to become both financially and emotionally cost-effective institutions.
Dose-Response Relationship of Radiation-Induced Harderian Gland Tumors and Myeloid Leukemia of the CBA/Cne Mouse&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Vincenzo Di Majo, Mario Coppola, Simonetta Rebessi, Bruno Bassani, Teresa Alati, Anna Saran, Caterina Bangrazi, Vincenzo Covelli
 6
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Transplantation of harderian gland cells from CBA/Cne mice into the fat pad of isogenic recipients was used for a quantitative in vivo study of cell survival and risk of transformation after x-ray irradiation (1-7 Gy). A survival curve for gland cells was generated in vivo with a D0 of 1.83 Gy and an extrapolation number of 7.23. Subsequently, the dose-response curve for lesions observed in nodules after cell transplantation was compared with that for lesions observed in glands irradiated in situ. A high incidence of epithelial hyperplasias with severe dysplasia was observed in transplantation nodules after x-irradiation. Gland tumors were significantly induced in whole-body irradiated animals; the tumors reached a maximum incidence after doses of 3 Gy. The risk of transformation per surviving cell was estimated both for dysplastic lesions and for tumors. These results approximated a dose-squared relationship in both cases, suggesting a common induction mechanism at the cellular level. Myeloid leukemia was observed at all doses in whole-body irradiated mice, and the maximum tumor incidence was reached at doses around 3 Gy.
Diseases of the Skin: A Manual for Students and Practitioners.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Sign of Babinski: A Study of the Evolution of Cortical Dominance in Primates.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1932)

CAAINMDCLASCAINJUNL[o.13 time and under varying conditions by means of thc cardiotachometer.A short history of the study of heart-rates is first given and the details and results of the study of the normal heart-rate are considered during the waking and sleeping hours, in both sexes.A number of pages are devoted to the heart-rate during the activities of the day, such as eating, telephoning, dancing, micturition, defaecation, etc. Maw% tharts are included, and it seems that every phase of waling and sleeping heart-rates has been gone into in detail.To end the chapter on the normal heart, a few pages are given to the study of the effect of anesthesia and operations on the heart-rate.The last twenty-five pages of the book are concerned with the heart-rate in disease.Records were taken in cases of myocarditis, valvular disease, Graves' disease, auricular fibrillation, etc., and their significance dis- cussed.
Evaluation of Iron Status
Authors: Clement A. Finch
Journal: JAMA (1984)

It may be worthwhile to put in perspective the changes that occur with iron depletion and how they may be measured.<sup>1</sup>Let us suppose that sequential measurements are made in a person who, because of continued bleeding from internal hemorrhoids, has a negative iron balance. The first change will be a reduction in iron stores, which can most conveniently be measured by a ferritin determination. A decrease of 1 μg/L in plasma ferritin will correspond with a decrease in body iron stores of about 120 μg/kg. As stores become depleted, the total iron binding capacity of the plasma will rise and iron absorption will increase. The current article by Crosby and O'Neil-Cutting<sup>2</sup>illustrates the use of the plasma iron tolerance test to demonstrate the latter. Such changes occur without an effect on the plasma iron concentration or transferrin saturation (plasma iron-total iron binding capacity). It is only when
Esophageal Carcinogenesis in F344 Rats by Nitrosomethylethylamines Substituted in the Ethyl Group&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

The carcinogenic activity in male F344 rats of five nitrosomethylalkylamines related to nitrosomethylethylamine has been examined. All rats were tested by administration of controlled doses of the compounds in the drinking water. Nitrosomethylbenzylamine was the most potent carcinogen of the five, causing death of most animals with tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract (mainly the esophagus) within 6 months after a total dose of 0.2 mmol. The remaining compounds, all of which can be considered true derivatives of nitrosomethylethylamine, were less potent than nitrosomethylbenzylamine but also induced a high incidence of tumors of the esophagus. Nitrosomethyl-2-phenylethylamine and nitrosomethylneopentylamine were of comparable potency, while nitrosomethyltrifluoroethylamine was considerably less potent, as measured by the time to death with esophageal tumors. Deuterium-labeled nitrosomethylethylamine, in which deuterium replaces hydrogen on the β-carbon atom of nitrosomethylethylamine, induced a high incidence of esophageal tumors as well as liver tumors after administration of identical doses. Reactions on the β-carbon atom of nitrosomethylethylamine might be important as well as oxidation at the α-carbon atoms in determining carcinogenic effects.
Tuberculin Conversion in Indochinese Refugees
Authors: Deborah Bickel
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Morse et al (1982;248:2983) concerning the high rate of tuberculin conversion in Indochinese refugees describes an alarming rate of conversion reactions over six months in our largest refugee group. Notable by its absence was any reference to the problem of faulty Aplisol (tuberculin). This PPD preparation has been implicated by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in a letter published Sept 23, 1982, stating that, "based on the best information available to CDC and FDA [Food and Drug Administration] all lots of Aplisol released since September 1980 may have been associated with increased reactivity." According to a CDC memorandum dating from July 13, 1982, 92% of those persons thought to have a positive PPD when Aplisol was used had a negative PPD when retested with Tubersol (tuberculin). Furthermore, all Aplisol until a few months ago was prepared from the same master batch dating from
Oxidations And Reductions In The Animal Body.
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Flow Sheets for Charts of Ambulatory Patients
Authors: John Schulman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Recording data from chronically ill patients can be cumbersome when conventional charts are used. When a flow sheet is used, both entry and retrieval of data can be speeded. On a single page it can provide correlation of a patient's symptoms, signs, and treatment over an extended period of time. It also can be used as a vehicle for quality review based on outcome rather than on method.
Diagnosis and Management of Psoas Abscess in Crohn's Disease
Authors: Patricia Durning, P F Schofield
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1984)

Four patients with Crohn's disease complicated by psoas abscess are described. These patients did not have general or abdominal signs of sepsis but they all showed wasting of the right quadriceps femoris and hip flexion. It is important to examine the hip and thigh in patients with known Crohn's disease who are on medical treatment. Surgical treatment of a Crohn's psoas abscess should include resection of recurrent disease, fashioning of the anastomosis remote from the abscess cavity, and long-term (21 days) drainage of the abscess cavity to avoid the possibilities of faecal fistula or recurrent abscess.
Effect of Protein Calorie Malnutrition and Cell Replication on Aflatoxin B&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats
Authors: Tahir A. Rizvi, Meera Mathur, Nabeen C. Nayak
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Malnourished and well-fed neonatal Holtzman rats 10 days of age were exposed to 3 doses of aflatoxin B1 [(AFB1) CAS: 1162-65-8] at intervals of 96 hours to study the combined effect of malnutrition and cell replication in AFB1-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. The neonatal model made use of the fact that cell replication persists in the liver for 3 weeks of postnatal life. Malnutrition during suckling was induced by adopting the techniques of Widdowson and McCance of increasing the litter size to 16. Following AFB1 administration, the malnourished animals were rehabilitated on a high-protein pellet diet given ad libitum. Preneoplastic lesions and neoplastic nodules were identified in the livers of the 2 groups. Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) was detected in the sera by immunoprecipitation. The preneoplastic lesions appeared earlier, and their progression was faster in the malnourished group as compared to the well-fed animals. By 65 weeks following AFB1 exposure, 6 of 17 (35%) animals from the malnourished group showed neoplastic nodules, whereas no such nodules were observed in the animals from the well-fed group. Neoplastic nodules showed a variable pattern of enzyme activities. Under the electron microscope the changes were again more marked in the animals of the malnourished group as compared to those of the well-fed group. In the former group serum AFP was detected as early as 46 weeks, and by 55-65 weeks almost 50% of the animals from the same group showed positivity for serum AFP. None of the animals from the well-fed group showed any positivity for serum AFP throughout the study. This study thus indicates that preneoplastic lesions-neoplastic nodules are enhanced when cell replication and malnutrition coexist during AFB1-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.
Preventing stroke with ramipril
Authors: P Badrinath
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Neural activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is thought to track fundamentally value-centric quantities such as current or future expected reward, reward prediction errors, the value of work, opportunity cost, and approach vigor. However, the NAc also contributes to flexible behavior in ways that are difficult to explain based on value signals alone, raising the question of if and how non-value signals are encoded in NAc. We recorded NAc neural ensembles while head-fixed mice performed a biconditional discrimination task, and extracted single-unit and population-level correlates of task features. We found coding for context-setting cues that modulate the stimulus-outcome association of subsequently presented reward-predictive cues. This context signal occupied a subspace orthogonal to classic value representations, suggesting that it does not interfere with value-related NAc output. Finally, we show that the context signal is predictive of subsequent value coding, supporting a circuit-level gating model for how the NAc contributes to behavioral flexibility and providing a novel population-level perspective from which to view NAc computations.
Cardiovascular responses to serotonin in experimental liver disease
Authors: Giris Jacob, Bashara Bishara, Samuel S. Lee, Nir Hilzenart, Arieh Bomzon
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Recent evidence suggests that serotonergic mechanisms within the cardiovascular system are activated and may be important in the development of the hyperkinetic circulation and the maintenance of portal hypertension in cirrhotic patients. The in vivo pressor and positive chronotropic response together with the in vitro contractile responses of aortic rings and portal veins to serotonin were studied in three different rat models of cirrhosis, portal hypertension and jaundice: the portal vein-ligated rat, the carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhotic rat, the chronic bile duct-ligated cirrhotic rat and the 3-day noncirrhotic, nonportal hypertensive-jaundiced rat. In addition, the activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase type A was determined in lung homogenates prepared from the four groups of sham and treated animals. In the four different groups of sham-treated or operated pithed rats, serotonin caused a dose-dependent increase in mean arterial blood pressure without any effect on the heart rate. The pressor responses to serotonin in the three models of portal hypertension were significantly attenuated from their respective sham group. In the 3-day noncirrhotic, nonportal hypertensive-jaundiced rats, the pressor response was no different than that seen in the sham-operated rats. No evidence of consistent potentiated or blunted in vitro reactivity to serotonin of arterial rings and portal veins from the four groups of rats was seen. Portal hypertension, cirrhosis and hyperbilirubinemia had no effect on the activity of monoamine oxidase type A. These data demonstrate that portal hypertension is associated with an attenuated pressor response to serotonin. The mechanism of this attenuated response is not linked to altered in vitro reactivity of arterial rings to serotonin or increases in the activity of pulmonary monoamine oxidase. Because the in vitro reactivity of portal veins from portal hypertensive rats was not hypersensitive to serotonin, our data are consistent with the proposal that serotonin 2 -antagonists exert their portal hypotensive action by lowering resistance in the mesenteric and collateral circulation of cirrhotic patients. (Hepatology 1991;14:1235-1242).
Exercise in Education and Medicine.
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cardiac Arrhythmias During Oral Surgery With Halothane-Nitrous-Oxide-Oxygen Anesthesia
Authors: Charles Fisch
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Electrocardiograms were recorded continuously during 103 consecutive oral surgical procedures in 65 apparently healthy individuals anesthetized with intravenously administered methohexital (Brevital) sodium followed by inhalation of halothane-nitrous-oxide-oxygen mixture. Cardiac arrhythmias were recorded in 44 (42.7%) of the 103 procedures, with more than one arrhythmia recorded in each of 16 patients. The incidence of the arrhythmias rose sharply with beginning of the surgery and declined equally abruptly with its termination, suggesting reflex stimulation and simultaneous "sensitization" by the anesthetic, most likely halothane. Because of the potentially serious nature of many of the arrhythmias encountered, we suggest that this form of anesthetic not be used routinely for oral surgery in an outpatient setting unless the equipment and personnel for prompt resuscitation are available.
Influence of Methylnitrosourea on Malignant Transformation of Mouse Embryo Cells in Tissue Culture&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

The powerful methylating carcinogen methylnitrosourea (MNUA) enhanced the malignant transformation of inbred Swiss mouse embryo cells. This effect was observed sometimes after single treatment with MNUA and frequently after multiple treatment with MNUA in cell lines carried in tissue culture for 14 weeks or longer. The antecedent changes suggest that malignant transformation is a stepwise process in which increased plating efficiency of treated cells appears first, followed by the appearance of morphologically transformed colonies, and finally by the capacity of such cell lines to grow as tumors in irradiated hosts. A search for murine leukemia virus in some of the transformed cell lines was negative.
Uncertainty and the Future of Young Physicians
Authors: David J. Brailer
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Physicians have confronted many recent professional and social challenges, such as rising health care costs, an extensive federal role in health care financing, professional liability, technological growth, and subspecialization.<sup>1-3</sup>Although many physicians have felt threatened, most have adapted to these incremental changes; some have even flourished.<sup>4</sup>Today, however, revolutionary forces such as the physician surplus, the growth of the for-profit sector, competition, and a preoccupation with cost containment threaten to eliminate traditional medical practice, driving even established physicians into alternative delivery systems. For young physicians lacking practice experience and carrying unprecedented debt, the result is overwhelming uncertainty about the future.<sup>5</sup> The article entitled "Health Care in Transition: Consequences for Young Physicians" in this issue of<i>JAMA</i><sup>6</sup>(a report by the American Medical Association's Council on Long-Range Planning and Development) analyzes the forces that make uncertainty part of the modern environment of medicine. Historically, a physician had
UVA-induced immune suppression in human skin: protective effect of vitamin E in human epidermal cells<i>in vitro</i>
Authors: P. CLEMENT-LACROIX, L. MICHEL, A. MOYSAN, P. MORLIERE, L. DUBERTRET
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Summary UVA (320–400nm) radiation damage to membranes, proteins, DNA and other cellular targets is predominantly related to oxidative processes. In the present study, we demonstrated that cutaneous UVA-induced immunosuppression can be related, at least in part, to the appearance of these oxidative processes. The UVA-induced oxidative processes in freshly isolated epidermal cells were monitored by measuring the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as an index of peroxidation. The in vitro immunosuppressive effects of UVA were demonstrated by measuring the allogeneic lymphocyte proliferation induced by epidermal cells or purified Langerhans cells in the mixed epidermal cell–lymphocyte reaction (MECLR). In addition, the effects of a potent antioxidant (vitamin E) on these two UVA-induced processes were analysed. Our results showed that the antigen-presenting function of Langerhans cells measured in the MECLR is dose-dependently decreased by UVA radiation (up to 20 J/cm2). Overnight incubation of epidermal cells with vitamin E (400 μmol/1) before irradiation partially protected epidermal cells from the immunosuppressive effects of UVA radiation, and decreased TBARS release into the supernatant (a decrease of 35% compared with a control without vitamin E). Our results suggest that UVA radiation may alter cellpresenting antigen function partly via the generation of reactive oxygen species which trigger peroxidative processes, and these data contribute to the understanding of the role of oxidative mechanisms in immune suppression induced by UVA radiation. Our in vitro model can be used to quantify UV-mediated epidermal cell damage and the degree of immune photoprotection provided by various agents.