tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Wilderness Medicine
Authors: Vincent B. Scott
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Have you ever wondered how to treat chilblains or how you would obtain drinkable water if you were stranded in the woods without it? You will find the answers to these questions and much more in<i>Wilderness Medicine</i>by William Forgey, MD. This small, readable book contains a wealth of information designed to aid the outdoor enthusiast. The major focus is on use in isolated circumstances, where a physician is not available and from whence evacuation is not possible. The book prepares the avid adventurer by discussing pretrip medical training, various wilderness expedition medical kits, and brief but informative sections on a myriad of signs and symptoms. Also well covered are various treatment modalities for conditions as varied as conjunctivitis and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The wilderness expedition kit section has been further divided into units: nonprescription oral medication, orthopedics, field surgery, prescription oral and topical medication, and prescription injectable
Internship: Physicians Respond to Norman Cousins
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neutrons show promise in treating some sarcomas, adenocarcinomas, locally advanced prostate cancers; research continues
Authors: T. F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1987)

IN A 1969 address to the American Society of Therapeutic Radiologists, Mary Catterall, MD, a British radiologist, predicted that ultimately all radiotherapists would be using neutrons to treat some patients. But since that early enthusiasm, there has been a steady "decrescendo" of interest, to quote one radiologist. Decrescendo is not disappointment, however, say neutron researchers. Rather, while it appears that neutron treatments are not a better form of radiotherapy overall, they may have specific applications. Recent results indicate that neutron radiotherapy is an effective treatment for bone and soft tissue sarcomas, for adenocarcinomas— in particular, salivary gland tumors— and for locally advanced prostate cancers. Robert Stone, MD, is believed to be the first physician to attempt treating patients with neutrons—in 1939 at the E. O. Lawrence Cyclotron in Berkeley, Calif, barely seven years after the British physicist Sir John Chadwick first identified the particle. But Stone's results were poor, his
Are condoms the answer to rising rates of non-HIV sexually transmitted infection? No
Authors: Stephen J Genuis
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Consistent condom use can reduce the spread of HIV, and <b>Markus Steiner</b> and <b>Willard Cates </b>believe condoms are the answer to other sexually transmitted infections. But <b>Stephen Genuis </b>argues that a more comprehensive approach is needed
THU0117 Loss of PTEN in Myeloid Cells Controls Inflammatory Bone Destruction by Regulating the Osteoclastogenic Potential of Myeloid Cells
Authors: S. Blüml, G. Schabbauer, A. Puchner, V. Saferding, E. Sahin, J. Smolen, K. Redlich
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Local bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasisarthritis or ankylosing spondylitis is a serious health burden and the major cause of disability and severely reduced quality of life in these diseases. This damage to the bony structures is exclusively mediated by a special cell type, the osteoclast (OC). <h3>Objectives</h3> It is important to understand factors and pathways regulating the generation of OCs under inflammatory conditions. As PTEN is a lipid phosphatase and one of the main antagonists of the PI3-kinase, we analyzed the impact of the PI3-Kinase/PTEN axis on OC generation and bone biology in an animal model of inflammatory bone loss. <h3>Methods</h3> We induced osteoclastogenesis in wt and PTEN deficient bone marrow cells and measured the generation of OCs, their resorptive capacity and induction of OC differentiation markers <i>in vitro</i>. Moreover, we analyzed mice with a monocyte/macrophage-specific deletion of PTEN (myeloid specific PTEN<sup>-/-</sup>) by bone histomorphometry and crossed these miceinto hTNFtg animals. <h3>Results</h3> We show that myeloid specific PTEN<sup>-/-</sup> mice have increased osteoclastogenesis <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> when compared to wild-type animals. However, under non-inflammatory conditions, enhanced osteoclastogenesis did not result in systemic bone loss <i>in vivo.</i> However, when we crossed myeloid specific PTEN<sup>-/-</sup> into hTNFtg mice we found significantly decreased grip strength scores in myeloid specific PTEN<sup>-/-</sup>/hTNFtg mice compared to wt hTNFtg mice. Joint swelling scores, however, were not different between both groups. In line, myeloid specific PTEN<sup>-/-</sup>/hTNFtg mice displayed enhanced local bone destruction as well as OC formation in the inflamed joints, whereas the extent of synovial inflammation was not different between the groups. Analysis of the synovial membranes of wt and myeloid specific PTEN<sup>-/-</sup> animals revealed similar relative compositions of the cellular infiltrate including macrophages, which serve as OC precursors. This suggests that increased capacity for osteoclastogenic differentiation rather than enhanced recruitment of precursor cells is responsible for the enhanced local generation of OCs. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Taken together, these data demonstrate that sustained PI3-Kinase activity in myeloid cells specifically elevated the osteoclastogenic potential of these cells, leading to enhanced inflammatory local bone destruction. Therefore, targeting the PI3-Kinase pathway therapeutically may be especially useful for the prevention of structural joint damage. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
A randomized, phase III study of carboplatin and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin versus carboplatin and paclitaxel in relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer (OC): CALYPSO study of the Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup (GCIG)
Authors: E. Pujade-Lauraine, S. Mahner, J. Kaern, V. Gebski, M. Heywood, P. Vasey, A. Reinthaller, I. Vergote, S. Pignata, A. Ferrero
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

LBA5509 Background: This multicenter phase III study was designed to compare efficacy and safety of carboplatin-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) (C-D) and carboplatin-paclitaxel (C-P) in relapsed platinum-sensitive OC patients (pts). Methods: Pts with recurrent OC > 6 months after first-line or second-line platinum-based therapy who had been pretreated with a taxane were randomized by stratified blocks to either C-D [C AUC 5 IV + PLD 30 mg/m2 IV] d1 q4 wk, or C-P [C AUC 5 IV + P 175 mg/m2 IV] d1 q3 wk × ≥ 6 cycles. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), with secondary endpoints of toxicity, QoL and survival. The non-inferiority design required 745 events with 90% power, 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: From 4/05 to 09/07, 976 pts were enrolled, 467 to C-D arm and 509 to C-P arm. Pt parameters were well balanced. 85% of C-D and 78% of C-P pts received ≥ 6 cycles. Median follow-up is 21mo. Overall survival is still too early to be reported (n=308 deaths). This is the final analysis for PFS and toxicity. Results are below. Conclusions: This trial, the largest in relapsed OC, showed significant superiority of PLD-carboplatin combination in terms of PFS. In addition, compared to paclitaxel-carboplatin, PLD-carboplatin was well tolerated with lower rates of severe and long-lasting (neuropathy) toxicities. C-D arm C-P arm PFS, median after 824 events, HR 0.821 (95% CI:0.72–0.94); p=0.005 11.3 mo 9.4 mo Neutropenia G3–4 35% 46% Thrombocytopenia G3–4 16% 6% Any non-hematologic toxicity G3–4 28% 37% Hypersensitivity G>2 5% 18% Alopecia G>2 7% 84% Neuropathy G>2 4% 27% Hand-foot syndrome G>2 13% 2% Mucositis G>2 14% 7% Early treatment discontinuation (toxicity related) 7% 15% No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A Biparatopic HER2-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate Induces Tumor Regression in Primary Models Refractory to or Ineligible for HER2-Targeted Therapy
Authors: John Y. Li, Samuel R. Perry, Vanessa Muniz-Medina, Xinzhong Wang, Leslie K. Wetzel, Marlon C. Rebelatto, Mary Jane Masson Hinrichs, Binyam Z. Bezabeh, Ryan L. Fleming, Nazzareno Dimasi, Hui Feng, Dorin Toader, Andy Q. Yuan, Lan Xu, Jia Lin, Changshou Gao, Herren Wu, Rakesh Dixit, Jane K. Osbourn, Steven R. Coats
Journal: Cancer Cell (2019)
Diagnosis and treatment of sciatica
Authors: Rikke K Jensen, Alice Kongsted, Per Kjaer, Bart Koes
Journal: BMJ (2019)

### What you need to know Sciatica is commonly used to describe radiating leg pain. It is caused by inflammation or compression of the lumbosacral nerve roots (L4-S1) forming the sciatic nerve.1 Sciatica can cause severe discomfort and functional limitation. Recently updated clinical guidelines in Denmark, the US, and the UK highlight the role of conservative treatment for sciatica.234 In this Clinical Update, we provide an overview for non-specialists on diagnosing sciatica and key principles in its management. The term "sciatica" is not clearly defined and it is often used inconsistently by clinicians and patients.5 Radicular pain and lumbosacral radicular syndrome have been suggested as alternatives.6 In this article, we use sciatica and radicular pain synonymously. Radiculopathy describes involvement of the nerve root, which causes neurological deficit including weakness or numbness. Box 1 ### Symptoms and signs suggesting sciaticaRETURN TO TEXT
Surgical resection of lung cancer in England: more operations but no trials to test their effectiveness
Authors: Tom Treasure, Christopher Russell, Dion Morton, Fergus Macbeth, Martin Utley
Journal: Thorax (2012)

Surgical resection of lung cancer in England: more operations but no trials to test their effectivenessWe appreciate the interest of the Leicester team and their co-authors. 1 2 Their contributions to thoracic surgical service provision are internationally recognised.We agree with them that when variation in clinical practice is discovered, it merits critical examination.The discovery of variation provides the impetus to resolve the uncertainty that often underlies it.When there is good evidence for the effectiveness of surgery in particular patient groups, we can take an evidence based stance on which patients are being disadvantaged by variation in practice, but in the absence of evidence we should not assume that more care is better care. 3e used radical mastectomy for breast cancer as an example.An RCT published in 1981 4 added critical weight to a consensus developing during the 1970s. 5The findings of the RCT explicitly allowed the harm of surgery to be reduced without compromising effectiveness.Evidence based practice confined the role of surgery in breast cancer to control of the primary tumour and it became the principle that lesser operations were preferable.It was not that mastectomy 'evolved' to be a more effective operation as Lau and colleagues imply; radical mastectomy was simply abandoned.There are parallels to be drawn with lung cancer.The rationale for radical mastectomy, the benefit of which was refuted by RCT evidence, was to extend the reach of the operation in the pursuit of involved nodes.It would help if the boundary beyond which lung cancer surgery is unavailing were better defined and then the least damaging operation that achieves its objective could be universally recommended.There was no devilment intended in our comments.We simply want to promote the cause of the 'fair test' as a means to gain unbiased evidence. 6 7David Waller, a founder and lead surgeon in the MARS (Mesothelioma and Radical Surgery) trial, knows well that recruitment into trials is not easy but MARS has allowed cancer teams to advise people with mesothelioma, on the basis of evidence, that extrapleural pneumonectomy is not in their best interest. 8In Britain at least this evidence eradicated the variation in mesothelioma practice that went before.For lung cancer we have no such
Goal setting
Authors: Domhnall MacAuley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1996)

Goal settingA new editor, a new publisher, a new beginning.Before we look to the future, however, we should recognise the achievements of the past and laud the evolution of the Journal under the guidance of my predecessors in the editorial chair.Henry Robson was synonymous with the Journal for many years and when reading the journal one felt that he had lovingly crafted almost every word himself.Sadly Henry is no longer with us, and his wife Ada died late last year, so ending long family links with the Journal.Peter Sperryn is the other major figure in the development of the Journal who almost single handedly brought it from its humble beginnings to its current international status.In the early days he did much of secretarial work and subediting himself during many hours, ensuring the Journal's publication through difficult times.He built links with many of the leading international figures of sports medicine and promoted the Journal enthusiastically worldwide.Those who attended the 1995 BASM annual congress were witness to the great esteem in which he is held by the BASM membership for his outstanding contribution to the Journal, but Peter has been an inspiration to an entire generation of sports medicine not alone through his dedication to the Journal but through his writing and teaching.We all hope he will continue in this mission.One of his last major achievements as editor was bringing the Journal to BMJ publications and it was this vision and foresight that ensures its future success.It is a great honour to be his successor and I am very grateful for his warm and enthusiastic encouragement.
Correction
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

labels associated with the radiographs in Figures 2A and2B are incorrect.In Figure 2A, the radiograph labels should read "HIF-1␣ 4.4 kb" and "␤-Actin 2.4 kb."In Figure 2B, the radiograph label should read "HIF-1␣ 4.4 kb."
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1953)

No one to the writer's knowledge has ever suggested that biochemical changes are to be found in the C.S.F. of manic- depressives or idiopathic epileptics.It is, of course, a different matter with symptomatic epileptics.Altitude and Hypertension Q.-What effect has high altitude on patients witli hyper- tension ?What are regarded as reasonable upper limits of altitude for such patients (a) for permanent domnicile, when presumably physiological adaptation may take place, (b) for a mnonth's holiday, and (c) for an aeroplane flight?A.-Altitudes up to 6,000 ft.(1,830 m.) have little adverse effect on patients with hypertension, and there is no reason why such patients should not take a holiday in the moun- tains up to this level, provided they are not threatened with heart failure.The adaptations that take place at high alti- tudes include polycythaemia and a raised cardiac output, and neither of these is beneficial to hypertensive states, so that permanent residence in places of 7,000 or 8,000 ft.(2,134 or 2,438 m.) is not recommended.Most modern air- liners are pressurized to the equivalent of the atmospheric pressure at 6,000 ft., and in such artificial conditions the height of the plane does not matter.Patients with serious hypertension should avoid non-pressurized planes because no pilot can guarantee that he will not fly above 6.000 ft., owing to the uncertainty of the weather.Coke in Open Fires Q.-Is coke safe for regular use in an open fire in a living-room ?I have heard that the fumes are dangerous.A.-Coke is derived from coal by a process'of carboniza-
MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Authors: ABEL  LEVITT, DEXTER S.  LEVY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1942)

Case Reports1 November 1942MULTIPLE MYELOMAABEL LEVITT, M.D., F.A.C.P., DEXTER S. LEVY, B.A., M.D.ABEL LEVITT, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, DEXTER S. LEVY, B.A., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-17-5-863 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMultiple myeloma is considered a malignant tumor exhibiting multiple foci throughout the red bone marrow in the body. One of the first cases of this disease reported in 1845 by William McIntyre received very little attention from the medical profession. Not until 1882 was it definitely recognized after presentation by Kuhne and it was further described in 1889 by Kahler. The etiology of the disease is as yet unknown. The majority of cases occur in the male between the fourth and sixth decades. In the cases reported, the principal symptoms have been pain, tumor, deformity, and fracture, and there may... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Buffalo, N. Y.*Received for publication April 29, 1940.From the Medical Service of the Edward J. Meyer Memorial Hospital (Buffalo City Hospital) and the School of Medicine, University of Buffalo. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRoentgenographic and direct observation of experimental lesions in bone: IIUrethane Toxicity 1 November 1942Volume 17, Issue 5Page: 863-873KeywordsBone marrowEtiologyHospital medicineMalignant tumorsMedical servicesMultiple myelomaPathologists ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1942 PDF downloadLoading ...
From the Assistant Secretary for Health, US Public Health Service
Authors: J. O. Mason
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
WILMS'S TUMOR
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sex, Ascites and Alcoholism in Survival of Patients with Cirrhosis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

The hypothesis that prednisone treatment increases the survival of female patients with compensated, nonalcoholic cirrhosis, based on a previously published controlled trial in unselected patients, was confirmed in a new series. From the total material, comprising 512 patients (old series 334 patients, new series 178 patients), it was estimated that female sex was the most positive single factor determining the effect of prednisone treatment on survival, and ascites was the most negative factor. A significant alcohol consumption tended to be a negative factor, but was too closely linked with male sex to be analyzed separately. In female patients with compensated, nonalcoholic cirrhosis prednisone treatment increased the six-year survival by one third to two thirds. In other groups of patients, comprising about 70 per cent of the material, prednisone was ineffective or possibly harmful. (N Engl J Med 291:271–273, 1974)
Bacterial and Protozoal Gastroenteritis
Authors: Richard L. Guerrant, David A. Bobak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

IN recent years there have been numerous advances in our understanding of the increasingly varied range of microorganisms that infect the gastrointestinal tract. These agents range from newly identified bacterial pathogens, such as Helicobacter pylori, and a still growing range of types of Escherichia coli to protozoal, algal, and fungal enteric pathogens. This overview will provide an update and a practical approach to the understanding, diagnosis, and management of nonviral infectious diarrhea. It is particularly important to understand the epidemiologic setting and pathogenesis of these infections, because they provide a clinical basis for diagnosis and management. A highly selective . . .