tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Outcomes and Costs After Hip Fracture and Stroke&lt;subtitle&gt;A Comparison of Rehabilitation Settings&lt;/subtitle&gt;
Authors: Andrew M. Kramer
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess whether outcomes and costs differ for elderly patients admitted to rehabilitation hospitals, subacute nursing homes, and traditional nursing homes. <h3>Design.</h3> —Inception cohort stratified by provider type and followed prospectively for 6 months. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A total of 92 hospital-based units and freestanding facilities from 17 states. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 518 randomly selected patients with hip fracture and 485 stroke patients admitted from November 1991 to February 1994. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —At 6 months comparing community residence, recovery to premorbid levels in 5 activities of daily living (ADLs), Medicare costs, and the number of therapy and physician visits. Outcomes were adjusted for premorbid residence and function, caregiver availability, comorbid illness, admission function, cognition, depression, sensory deficits, and mobility impairments. <h3>Results.</h3> —On admission, rehabilitation hospital patients were more likely (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) to have caregivers and better cognitive and physical function. Hip fracture patients admitted to rehabilitation hospitals did not differ from patients admitted to nursing homes in returning to the community (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6-2.6) or in the number of ADLs recovered to premorbid level (difference, 0.09 ADL; 95% CI, —0.27-0.44), but stroke patients admitted to rehabilitation hospitals were more likely to return to the community (adjusted OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.5-7.2) and recover ADLs (difference, 0.63 ADL; 95% CI, 0.20-1.07). Subacute nursing home patients with stroke were more likely than traditional nursing home patients to return to the community (adjusted OR, 6.8; 95% CI, 2.2-21.4), there was no difference in return to the community for patients with hip fracture (adjusted OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.7-3.6), and there were no differences in recovery of ADLs for either condition. Medicare costs were greater (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) for rehabilitation hospital patients than for subacute nursing home patients, and the costs for subacute nursing home patients were greater (<i>P</i>=.03 for stroke and.009 for hip fracture) than for traditional nursing home patients. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Study findings are consistent with enhanced outcomes for elderly patients with stroke treated in rehabilitation hospitals but not for patients with hip fracture. Subacute nursing homes were more effective than traditional nursing homes in returning patients with stroke to the community, despite comparable functional outcomes.
Tubal Infertility and the Intrauterine Device
Authors: Daniel W. Cramer, Isaac Schiff, Stephen C. Schoenbaum, Mark Gibson, Serge Belisle, Bruce Albrecht, Robert J. Stillman, Merle J. Berger, Emery Wilson, Bruce V. Stadel, Machelle Seibel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

To study the association between intrauterine devices (IUDs) and pelvic inflammatory disease, we compared contraceptive histories in 4185 white women — 283 nulliparous women with primary tubal infertility, 69 women with secondary tubal infertility, and 3833 women admitted for delivery at seven collaborating hospitals from 1981 to 1983. The relative risk of tubal infertility associated with IUD use was calculated by means of multivariate logistic regression to control for confounding factors, including region, year of menarche, religion, education, smoking, and reported number of sexual partners. The adjusted risk of primary tubal infertility associated with any IUD use before a first live birth was 2.0 (95 per cent confidence limits, 1.5 to 2.6) relative to nonuse. Users of the Dalkon Shield had an adjusted risk of 3.3 (1.7 to 6.1), users of the Lippes Loop or Saf-T-Coil had a risk of 2.9 (1.7 to 5.2), and users of copper IUDs had a risk of 1.6 (1.1 to 2.4). Women who reported having only one sexual partner had no increased risk of primary tubal infertility associated with IUD use. The adjusted risk of secondary tubal infertility associated with use of a copper IUD after a first live birth was not statistically significant (1.5; 95 per cent confidence limits, 0.8 to 3.0), whereas the risk from similar use of noncopper devices was significant (2.8; 1.3 to 5.9). We conclude that tubal infertility is associated with IUD use, but less so with copper IUDs. (N Engl J Med 1985; 312:941–7.)
Label-Free Optical Metabolic Imaging in Cells and Tissues
Authors: Irene Georgakoudi, Kyle P. Quinn
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2023)

Over the last half century, the autofluorescence of the metabolic cofactors NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) has been quantified in a variety of cell types and disease states. With the spread of nonlinear optical microscopy techniques in biomedical research, NADH and FAD imaging has offered an attractive solution to noninvasively monitor cell and tissue status and elucidate dynamic changes in cell or tissue metabolism. Various tools and methods to measure the temporal, spectral, and spatial properties of NADH and FAD autofluorescence have been developed. Specifically, an optical redox ratio of cofactor fluorescence intensities and NADH fluorescence lifetime parameters have been used in numerous applications, but significant work remains to mature this technology for understanding dynamic changes in metabolism. This article describes the current understanding of our optical sensitivity to different metabolic pathways and highlights current challenges in the field. Recent progress in addressing these challenges and acquiring more quantitative information in faster and more metabolically relevant formats is also discussed.
Optimal Diets to Prevent Heart Disease
Authors: Shirley Siew
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Optimal Diets to Prevent Heart Disease—Reply
Authors: Frank B. Hu, Walter C. Willett
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Optimal Diets to Prevent Heart Disease
Authors: Steven Masley, James J. Kenney, Jeffery S. Novick
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Erythropoietin and Transfusions Among Critically Ill Patients—Reply
Authors: Howard L. Corwin
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Simultaneous targeting of PD-1 and IL-2Rβγ with radiation therapy inhibits pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis
Authors: Miles Piper, Maureen Hoen, Laurel B. Darragh, Michael W. Knitz, Diemmy Nguyen, Jacob Gadwa, Greta Durini, Idil Karakoc, Abby Grier, Brooke Neupert, Benjamin Van Court, Khalid N.M. Abdelazeem, Justin Yu, Nicholas A. Olimpo, Sophia Corbo, Richard Blake Ross, Tiffany T. Pham, Molishree Joshi, Ross M. Kedl, Anthony J. Saviola, Maria Amann, Pablo Umaña, Laura Codarri Deak, Christian Klein, Angelo D’Alessandro, Sana D. Karam
Journal: Cancer Cell (2023)

In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, we show that response to radiation therapy (RT) is characterized by increased IL-2Rβ and IL-2Rγ along with decreased IL-2Rα expression. The bispecific PD1-IL2v is a PD-1-targeted IL-2 variant (IL-2v) immunocytokine with engineered IL-2 cis targeted to PD-1 and abolished IL-2Rα binding, which enhances tumor-antigen-specific T cell activation while reducing regulatory T cell (Treg) suppression. Using PD1-IL2v in orthotopic PDAC KPC-driven tumor models, we show marked improvement in local and metastatic survival, along with a profound increase in tumor-infiltrating CD8
Re-evaluation of FDA-approved antibiotics with increased diagnostic accuracy for assessment of antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Douglas M. Heithoff, Lucien Barnes V, Scott P. Mahan, Jeffrey C. Fried, Lynn N. Fitzgibbons, John K. House, Michael J. Mahan
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2023)

Accurate assessment of antibiotic susceptibility is critical for treatment of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) infections. Here, we examine whether antimicrobial susceptibility testing in media more physiologically representative of in vivo conditions improves prediction of clinical outcome relative to standard bacteriologic medium. This analysis reveals that ∼15% of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values obtained in physiologic media predicted a change in susceptibility that crossed a clinical breakpoint used to categorize patient isolates as susceptible or resistant. The activities of antibiotics having discrepant results in different media were evaluated in murine sepsis models. Testing in cell culture medium improves the accuracy by which MIC assays predict in vivo efficacy. This analysis identifies several antibiotics for treatment of AMR infections that standard testing failed to identify and those that are ineffective despite indicated use by standard testing. Methods with increased diagnostic accuracy mitigate the AMR crisis via utilizing existing agents and optimizing drug discovery.
Correction to: Autophagic activation of IRF‐1 aggravates hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury via JNK signaling
Authors: Shipeng Li, Jindan He, Hongwei Xu, Jiaxing Yang, Yutian Luo, Wenyue Song, Bingbing Qiao, Haiming Zhang
Journal: MedComm (2023)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1002/mco2.58.].
Systematic elucidation and pharmacological targeting of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cell master regulators
Authors: Aleksandar Obradovic, Casey Ager, Mikko Turunen, Thomas Nirschl, Mohsen Khosravi-Maharlooei, Alina Iuga, Christopher M. Jackson, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian, Lorenzo Tomassoni, Ester Calvo Fernandez, Patrick McCann, Meri Rogava, Angelo M. DeMarzo, Christina M. Kochel, Mohamad Allaf, Trinity Bivalacqua, Michael Lim, Ronald Realubit, Charles Karan, Charles G. Drake, Andrea Califano
Journal: Cancer Cell (2023)
Participation bias in the UK Biobank distorts genetic associations and downstream analyses
Authors: Tabea Schoeler, Doug Speed, Eleonora Porcu, Nicola Pirastu, Jean-Baptiste Pingault, Zoltán Kutalik
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2023)

While volunteer-based studies such as the UK Biobank have become the cornerstone of genetic epidemiology, the participating individuals are rarely representative of their target population. To evaluate the impact of selective participation, here we derived UK Biobank participation probabilities on the basis of 14 variables harmonized across the UK Biobank and a representative sample. We then conducted weighted genome-wide association analyses on 19 traits. Comparing the output from weighted genome-wide association analyses (n
Single duplex DNA sequencing with CODEC detects mutations with high sensitivity
Authors: Jin H. Bae, Ruolin Liu, Eugenia Roberts, Erica Nguyen, Shervin Tabrizi, Justin Rhoades, Timothy Blewett, Kan Xiong, Gregory Gydush, Douglas Shea, Zhenyi An, Sahil Patel, Ju Cheng, Sainetra Sridhar, Mei Hong Liu, Emilie Lassen, Anne-Bine Skytte, Marta Grońska-Pęski, Jonathan E. Shoag, Gilad D. Evrony, Heather A. Parsons, Erica L. Mayer, G. Mike Makrigiorgos, Todd R. Golub, Viktor A. Adalsteinsson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2023)

Abstract Detecting mutations from single DNA molecules is crucial in many fields but challenging. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) affords tremendous throughput but cannot directly sequence double-stranded DNA molecules (‘single duplexes’) to discern the true mutations on both strands. Here we present Concatenating Original Duplex for Error Correction (CODEC), which confers single duplex resolution to NGS. CODEC affords 1,000-fold higher accuracy than NGS, using up to 100-fold fewer reads than duplex sequencing. CODEC revealed mutation frequencies of 2.72 × 10 −8 in sperm of a 39-year-old individual, and somatic mutations acquired with age in blood cells. CODEC detected genome-wide, clonal hematopoiesis mutations from single DNA molecules, single mutated duplexes from tumor genomes and liquid biopsies, microsatellite instability with 10-fold greater sensitivity and mutational signatures, and specific tumor mutations with up to 100-fold fewer reads. CODEC enables more precise genetic testing and reveals biologically significant mutations, which are commonly obscured by NGS errors.
Impact of Epithelial Histological Types, Subtypes, and Growth Patterns on Oncological Outcomes for Patients with Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer Treated with Curative Intent: A Systematic Review
Authors: Giancarlo Marra, Geert J.L.H. van Leenders, Fabio Zattoni, Claudia Kesch, Pawel Rajwa, Philip Cornford, Theodorus van der Kwast, Roderick C.N. van den Bergh, Erik Briers, Thomas Van den Broeck, Gert De Meerleer, Maria De Santis, Daniel Eberli, Andrea Farolfi, Silke Gillessen, Nikolaos Grivas, Jeremy P. Grummet, Ann M. Henry, Michael Lardas, Matt Lieuw, Estefania Linares Espinós, Malcolm D. Mason, Shane O'Hanlon, Inge M. van Oort, Daniela E. Oprea-Lager, Guillaume Ploussard, Olivier Rouvière, Ivo.G. Schoots, Johan Stranne, Derya Tilki, Thomas Wiegel, Peter-Paul M. Willemse, Nicolas Mottet, Giorgio Gandaglia
Journal: European Urology (2023)

The optimal management for men with prostate cancer (PCa) with unconventional histology (UH) is unknown. The outcome for these cancers might be worse than for conventional PCa and so different approaches may be needed. To compare oncological outcomes for conventional and UH PCa in men with localized disease treated with curative intent. A systematic review adhering to the Referred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022296013) was performed in July 2021. We screened 3651 manuscripts and identified 46 eligible studies (reporting on 1 871 814 men with conventional PCa and 6929 men with 10 different PCa UHs). Extraprostatic extension and lymph node metastases, but not positive margin rates, were more common with UH PCa than with conventional tumors. PCa cases with cribriform pattern, intraductal carcinoma, or ductal adenocarcinoma had higher rates of biochemical recurrence and metastases after radical prostatectomy than for conventional PCa cases. Lower cancer-specific survival rates were observed for mixed cribriform/intraductal and cribriform PCa. By contrast, pathological findings and oncological outcomes for mucinous and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)-like PCa were similar to those for conventional PCa. Limitations of this review include low-quality studies, a risk of reporting bias, and a scarcity of studies that included radiotherapy. Intraductal, cribriform, and ductal UHs may have worse oncological outcomes than for conventional and mucinous or PIN-like PCa. Alternative treatment approaches need to be evaluated in men with these cancers. We reviewed the literature to explore whether prostate cancers with unconventional growth patterns behave differently to conventional prostate cancers. We found that some unconventional growth patterns have worse outcomes, so we need to investigate if they need different treatments. Urologists should be aware of these growth patterns and their clinical impact.
Induced Immune Reaction in the Acorn Worm, <i>Saccoglossus kowalevskii</i>, Informs the Evolution of Antiviral Immunity
Authors: Michael G Tassia, Haley A Hallowell, Damien S Waits, Ryan C Range, Christopher J Lowe, Rita M Graze, Elizabeth Hiltbold Schwartz, Kenneth M Halanych
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2023)

Abstract Evolutionary perspectives on the deployment of immune factors following infection have been shaped by studies on a limited number of biomedical model systems with a heavy emphasis on vertebrate species. Although their contributions to contemporary immunology cannot be understated, a broader phylogenetic perspective is needed to understand the evolution of immune systems across Metazoa. In our study, we leverage differential gene expression analyses to identify genes implicated in the antiviral immune response of the acorn worm hemichordate, Saccoglossus kowalevskii, and place them in the context of immunity evolution within deuterostomes—the animal clade composed of chordates, hemichordates, and echinoderms. Following acute exposure to the synthetic viral double-stranded RNA analog, poly(I:C), we show that S. kowalevskii responds by regulating the transcription of genes associated with canonical innate immunity signaling pathways (e.g., nuclear factor κB and interferon regulatory factor signaling) and metabolic processes (e.g., lipid metabolism), as well as many genes without clear evidence of orthology with those of model species. Aggregated across all experimental time point contrasts, we identify 423 genes that are differentially expressed in response to poly(I:C). We also identify 147 genes with altered temporal patterns of expression in response to immune challenge. By characterizing the molecular toolkit involved in hemichordate antiviral immunity, our findings provide vital evolutionary context for understanding the origins of immune systems within Deuterostomia.
Principles of Cold Adaptation of Fish Lactate Dehydrogenases Revealed by Computer Simulations of the Catalytic Reaction
Authors: Lucien Koenekoop, Johan Åqvist
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2023)

Abstract Cold-adapted enzymes from psychrophilic and psychrotolerant species are characterized by a higher catalytic activity at low temperature than their mesophilic orthologs and are also usually found to be more thermolabile. Computer simulations of the catalytic reactions have been shown to be a very powerful tool for analyzing the structural and energetic origins of these effects. Here, we examine the cold adaptation of lactate dehydrogenases from two Antarctic and sub-Antarctic fish species using this approach and compare our results with those obtained for the orthologous dogfish enzyme. Direct calculations of thermodynamic activation parameters show that the cold-adapted fish enzymes are characterized by a lower activation enthalpy and a more negative entropy term. This appears to be a universal feature of psychrophilic enzymes, and it is found to originate from a higher flexibility of certain parts of the protein surface. We also carry out free energy simulations that address the differences in thermal stability and substrate binding affinity between the two cold-adapted enzymes, which only differ by a single mutation. These calculations capture the effects previously seen in in vitro studies and provide straightforward explanations of these experimental results.
Avelumab First-line Maintenance Therapy for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: Comprehensive Clinical Subgroup Analyses from the JAVELIN Bladder 100 Phase 3 Trial
Authors: Petros Grivas, Se Hoon Park, Eric Voog, Claudia Caserta, Howard Gurney, Joaquim Bellmunt, Haralabos Kalofonos, Anders Ullén, Yohann Loriot, Srikala S. Sridhar, Yoshiaki Yamamoto, Daniel P. Petrylak, Cora N. Sternberg, Shilpa Gupta, Bo Huang, Nuno Costa, Robert J. Laliberte, Alessandra di Pietro, Begoña P. Valderrama, Thomas Powles
Journal: European Urology (2023)

In the phase 3 JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial, avelumab first-line (1L) maintenance + best supportive care (BSC) significantly prolonged overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) versus BSC alone in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) who were progression-free following 1L platinum-based chemotherapy, leading to regulatory approval in various countries.