tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Seasonality and the sudden infant death syndrome during 1987-9 and 1991-3 in Australia and Britain
Authors: A S Douglas, T M Allan, P J Helms
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine whether seasonality of the sudden infant death syndrome persists now that rates have fallen, mostly after widespread adoption of the "face upwards" sleeping position. <b>Design</b>: Monthly data on the sudden infant death syndrome during 1987-9 were compared for seasonality with those of 1991-3; rates were studied as deaths per 1000 live births. <b>Setting</b>: Australia and Britain (England, Wales, and Scotland). <b>Subjects</b>: Infants under 1 year dying of the syndrome (2401 for Australia and 6630 for Britain). <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Extent of seasonal variation (amplitude) was established by cosinor analysis; amplitudes for the earlier and later years were compared. <b>Results</b>: The rate fell in every month, and, though it did so relatively more in winter than summer, seasonality remained a distinctive feature. In the comparison of amplitudes the ratio between the earlier and later years was 1.4 in both Australia and Britain. Some differences between the hemispheres were noted. <b>Conclusions</b>: Seasonality of the sudden infant death syndrome remains to be explained and continues to be an important aetiological lead. Studies from other countries are needed. <h3>Key messages</h3> Analysis of two large series has shown that seasonal variation in incidence persists but has been reduced by about one quarter Seasonal variation is an unexplained epidemiological feature with the potential to be an important clue to aetiology
Data Quality in Predictive Toxicology: Identification of Chemical Structures and Calculation of Chemical Properties
Authors: Christoph Helma, Stefan Kramer, Bernhard Pfahringer, Eva Gottmann
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Every technique for toxicity prediction and for the detection of structure-activity relationships relies on the accurate estimation and representation of chemical and toxicologic properties. In this paper we discuss the potential sources of errors associated with the identification of compounds, the representation of their structures, and the calculation of chemical descriptors. It is based on a case study where machine learning techniques were applied to data from noncongeneric compounds and a complex toxicologic end point (carcinogenicity). We propose methods applicable to the routine quality control of large chemical datasets, but our main intention is to raise awareness about this topic and to open a discussion about quality assurance in predictive toxicology. The accuracy and reproducibility of toxicity data will be reported in another paper.
Treatment of insulin reactions in diabetics
Authors: R. G. Brodows
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Using a modification of the glucose clamp technique, we have studied the efficacy of commonly used foods to correct hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetics. After lowering the plasma glucose level to 55 mg/dL at a steady-state plasma free insulin concentration of about 50 μU/mL, patients were fed 20 g of carbohydrate as milk, orange juice, or D-glucose or 40 g of carbohydrate as orange juice. The data indicate that 20 g of carbohydrate as D-glucose corrects hypoglycemia without rebound hyperglycemia. In an outpatient setting, this treatment also proved effective in spontaneous episodes of hypoglycemia. We conclude that (1) the D-glucose content of the ingested carbohydrate is an important determinant of the glycemic response, and (2) at times of moderately severe hypoglycemia, ingestion of 20 g of D-glucose provides an effective glycemic response for periods of at least 40 minutes. In view of these data, a table is provided listing some common sources of 20 g of D-glucose. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:3378-3381)
Annular erythema of Sjögren's syndrome in a white woman
Authors: Julia E. Haimowitz, Daniel P. McCauliffe, John Seykora, Victoria P. Werth
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2000)

Annular erythema of Sjögren's syndrome (AE-SS) is believed to be the Asian counterpart of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) in white persons. We report the second case of a white person with AE-SS, diagnosed by clinical and serologic findings, as well as the absence of histologic criteria for SCLE. The diagnosis of AE-SS was established by symptoms of xerophthalmia and xerostomia, as well as by examination of skin and salivary gland biopsy specimens. Evaluation showed the presence of anti-Ro(SS-A) and anti-La(SS-B) autoantibody, with the presence of anti-Ro(SS-A) antibody against the 60-kd, but not the 52-kd, epitope, a pattern frequently seen in both the Asians with AE-SS and in white patients with SCLE. Both skin and sicca symptoms were alleviated with combination antimalarial therapy, which included hydroxychloroquine and quinacrine. This case demonstrates that AE-SS can occur in white patients and that the autoantibody profile is similar to that described in Asians with this disease. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 42:1069–73.)
行尸走肉:头发生长过程中的序贯性细胞核和细胞器损伤
Authors: L.A. Jones, D.P. Harland, B.B. Jarrold, J.E. Connolly, M.G. Davis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

闪亮、浓密、柔顺、有弹性、亮泽;每个人都想拥有一头健康靓丽的头发。讽刺的是,您的那头所谓健康有活力的头发实际上已经干枯死亡了!随着活跃细胞忙碌地移动、分裂和制造各种分子以维持活力,头发细胞被唤活,头发开始生长。但是,要想变成真正的“头发”,它们需要被纤维(被称为“角蛋白”)完全包覆住,从而变强韧。为了给“角蛋白”腾出空间,首先,细胞必须完成全面净化,排出大脑(细胞核)和肺部(线粒体)等内含物质。本研究旨在深入了解该神秘过程。我们从健康受试者身上进行了毛囊(头发和周围头皮组织)取样,该过程类似于取出苹果的果核。然后使用特殊化学品对这些样本进行染色,以便使用高倍率显微镜观察头发细胞。这些研究发现,头发细胞的全面净化过程以一种异常有序的方式进行,而且整个过程都在头皮深处刚生长出1 mm头发的毛囊内进行。首先,细胞排出细胞核(“大脑”),这意味着它们无法再做决策,如行尸走肉一般。但是,这些细胞可以继续“呼吸”,因为它们仍然拥有线粒体(“肺部”)。这些僵尸细胞有一项单一功能,那便是将自己填满角蛋白,当没有进一步剩余空间时,在最后一分钟排出“肺部”。此项发现不但非常有趣,而且还能让头发科学家在制定预防头发稀疏、灰白和脱落的治疗方案时,将毛囊内刚生长出来1 mm的头发视为研究目标。
Age, Sex, and Racial Differences in the Use of Standard Adjuvant Therapy for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: A. L. Potosky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: Dissemination of efficacious adjuvant therapies for resectable colorectal cancer has not been comprehensively described. Trends, patterns, and outcomes of adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer, focusing on age, sex, and racial/ethnic differences, are reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Population-based random samples of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer diagnosed in nine geographic areas were collected annually between 1987 and 1991 and in 1995 (n = 4,706). Data were obtained from medical record reviews. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the use of standard adjuvant chemotherapy for colon and rectal cancers. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess 9-year mortality. RESULTS: From 1987 until 1995, the use of adjuvant therapy increased in all age groups. There was an increase starting in 1989 for colon and in 1988 for rectal cancer. Use of standard therapy was 78% for those younger than 55 years and 24% for those older than 80 years. White patients received standard therapy more frequently than African-Americans (odds ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 2.83). All-cause and cancer-specific mortality exceeding 9 years were lower in those who received standard therapy (all-cause risk ratio [RR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.88; cancer-specific RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.09). CONCLUSION: Standard adjuvant therapies for colorectal cancer disseminated into community practices during the 1990s. However, evidence exists of differential use of therapies by older patients and by African-Americans. The use of standard therapies in the general population is associated with lower mortality. Improved dissemination of standard adjuvant therapies to all segments of the population could help reduce mortality.
The risks of mammograms
Authors: H. M. Swartz
Journal: JAMA (1977)

RECENT publicity about potential dangers of mammography has generated an emotional reaction in both lay and professional circles. Several different issues have become intermingled, and as a consequence, women are making medically unwise decisions—often with the support of medical personnel. It is crucial to differentiate between the two major reasons for doing a mammogram: diagnosis and screening. There is little controversy among informed physicians over using mammography in evaluating possible breast cancer in a patient. The only dispute concerns mammography for asymptomatic women less than 50 years old who are not considered high risks for breast cancer. (High risk factors include previous breast cancer, family history of breast cancer, and no pregnancy before 30 years of age.) In<i>all</i>other situations, it is generally agreed that the benefits of mammography outweigh the risks. Failure to recognize this distinction has led many women to refuse mammography when it is clearly indicated.
Rapidly Growing Mycobacterial Infection Following Liposuction and Liposculpture—Caracas, Venezuela, 1996-1998Fatal Car Trunk Entrapment Involving Children—United States, 1987-1998Decrease in AIDS-Related Mortality in a State Correctional System—New York, 1995-1998Forecasted State-Specific Estimates of Self-Reported Asthma Prevalence— United States, 1998Rapidly Growing Mycobacterial Infection Following Liposuction and Liposculpture—Caracas, Venezuela, 1996-1998Fatal Car Trunk Entrapment …
Journal: JAMA (1999)
Efficacy of pegylated (40 KDA) IFN alfa-2a (PEGASYS) plus ribavirin in the treatment of hepatitis C genotype 4 chronic active patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ossama Shobokshi, Frank Serebour, Leila Skakni, Ateef Tantawi, Thotapara Dinish, Mohamed Al Quaiz, Abdulkareem Sandokji, Bashar Al-Kayyal, Sami Al Momen, Hisham Akbar, Ayobanji Ayoola, Humaidah Amer, Eissa Hussein, Faizal Khawaja, Nayel Al-Jasser
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Abstract 3465: FANCD2 depletion suppresses tumor growth in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chan Lei, Zhuoyou Yu, Lvwen Ning, Mun-Yee Ko, Lidong Wang, Maria Li Lung
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Introduction: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a remarkably high incidence in Northern China. Our next-generation sequencing analysis on familial ESCC samples suggests that members of the Fanconi Anemia (FA) pathway play important roles in ESCC development. Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 (FANCD2) as a key player of FA pathway has multiple cellular functions. It is well-known for its role in DNA damage repair through the FA pathway. Patients with germline FANCD2 mutations are prone to tumor formation. Identifying roles of FANCD2 in ESCC development may enhance our foundation for future development of specific treatment regimens for this deadly disease. Methods and Results: To study the function of FANCD2 in ESCC, we applied the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technique to inhibit FANCD2 protein expression by functional knock-out (fKO). As expected, we observed increased DNA damage in FANCD2 fKO cells as shown by Comet assay, consistent with the classic role of FANCD2 in genome integrity. We also observed that the DNA damage by irradiation takes longer to be repaired in FANCD2 fKO cells, indicating that FANCD2 enhances irradiation-induced DNA damage repair but is not necessary. Similarly, cells with FANCD2 fKO are more sensitive to irradiation, as indicated by cell cycle arrest at S/G2 phase. Surprisingly, without inducing any DNA damage, FANCD2 fKO cells also show cell cycle arrest at S/G2 phase. The MTT cell proliferation assay also show that FANCD2 fKO reduces proliferation and colony-forming ability. Consistent with the in vitro data, FANCD2 fKO cells also form smaller tumors in vivo by the nude mouse tumorigenicity assay. Conclusion: These results indicate that FANCD2 plays important roles in ESCC development and suggest a pro-oncogenic feature of wildtype FANCD2 in ESCC. Further investigation is ongoing to examine the functional role and molecular mechanisms of the oncogenic FANCD2, ultimately aiming at improving ESCC disease management. Acknowledgement: We acknowledge the grant support from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council Collaborative Research Fund (C7031.15G) and the Asian Fund for Cancer Research to M.L.L. Citation Format: Chan Lei, Zhuoyou Yu, Lvwen Ning, Mun-Yee Ko, Lidong Wang, Maria Li Lung. FANCD2 depletion suppresses tumor growth in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3465.
Compensatory Regeneration as a Mechanism for Renal Tubule Carcinogenesis of Fumonisin B 1 in the F344/N/Nctr BR Rat
Authors: Paul C. Howard, Alan Warbritton, Kenneth A. Voss, Ronald J. Lorentzen, J. Dale Thurman, Robert M. Kovach, Thomas J. Bucci
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)
Preliminary findings using a PTFE-coated stent in patients with saphenous vein graft disease Martin B. Leon, R. Strumpf, Maurice Buchbinder, Alexandra J. Lansky, Lowell F. Satler. Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, Lenox Hill Heart &amp; Vascular Institute, New York, NY
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Chromosome Deletion Causes Severe
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Ingestion of Asbestos Fibers
Authors: I. Webster
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Feeding of baboons with crocidolite showed small numbers of asbestos needles 0.5–1 μm in ashed tissue of the gut wall, which probably came from iron-containing macrophages. It is suggested that pleural plaques and hyaline nodules in the peritoneum represent a hypersensitivity reaction to ferritin protein coating on asbestos fibers. In South Africa only a few peritoneal mesotheliomas come from the asbestos areas, and the incidence of gastrointestinal carcinomas is no greater than normal. Intrapleural and intraperitoneal injection produces unrealistic situations. Calcium salts are deposited on asbestos cement pipes from hard water and organic material from soft water. It is difficult to envisage asbestos contamination of the water so reticulated.
PNEUMOPERITONEAL ROENTGEN-RAY DIAGNOSIS
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Small-Pox in Egypt: Its History and Control.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Family History of Cancer and Mortality among Patients Gastrectomized because of Benign Gastric Diseases
Authors: Atsuko Shibata, Akihiko Asano, Nobuyuki Hamajima, Ryuichiro Sasaki, Kunio Aoki, Hidekichi Yokoyama, Yasuhisa Yokoyama
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

A preliminary result from a cohort study on the association of a family history of cancer with mortality is discussed in this paper. Among 2200 patients (1912 males and 288 females) gastrectomized because of benign gastric diseases, 274 male patients, and 40 female patients had a family history of cancer. During 2750 person-years of observation, 22 patients with the family history of cancer were found to be dead and 111 patients without the family history died during 17,527 person-years, giving a relative risk of 1.26 (not significant). We focused on the male subjects that were followed up for more than 10 years; however, the observed/expected ratio of cancer deaths for subjects with a family history of cancer was about four times higher than that for those without family history. Since case-control studies on family history are vulnerable to biased recall and interchangeability of cases, more cohort studies like the present study should be conducted to assess the association of the family history of cancer.
Air Quality in Postunification Erfurt, East Germany: Associating Changes in Pollutant Concentrations with Changes in Emissions
Authors: Stefanie Ebelt, Michael Brauer, Josef Cyrys, Thomas Tuch, Wolfgang G. Kreyling, H.-Erich Wichmann, Joachim Heinrich
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

The unification of East and West Germany in 1990 resulted in sharp decreases in emissions of major air pollutants. This change in air quality has provided an opportunity for a natural experiment to evaluate the health impacts of air pollution. We evaluated airborne particle size distribution and gaseous co-pollutant data collected in Erfurt, Germany, throughout the 1990s and assessed the extent to which the observed changes are associated with changes in the two major emission sources: coal burning for power production and residential heating, and motor vehicles. Continuous data for sulfur dioxide, total suspended particulates (TSP), nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and meteorologic parameters were available for 1990-1999, and size-selective particle number and mass concentration measurements were made during winters of 1991 and 1998. We used hourly profiles of pollutants and linear regression analyses, stratified by year, weekday/weekend, and hour, using NO and SO(2) as markers of traffic- and heating-related combustion sources, respectively, to study the patterns of various particle size fractions. Supplementary data on traffic and heating-related sources were gathered to support hypotheses linking these sources with observed changes in ambient air pollution levels. Substantially decreased (19-91%) concentrations were observed for all pollutants, with the exception of particles in the 0.01-0.03 microm size range (representing the smallest ultrafine particles that were measured). The number concentration for these particles increased by 115% between 1991 and 1998. The ratio of these ultrafine particles to TSP also increased by more than 500%, indicating a dramatic change in the size distribution of airborne particles. Analysis of hourly concentration patterns indicated that in 1991, concentrations of SO(2) and larger particle sizes were related to residential heating with coal. These peaks were no longer evident in 1998 due to decreases in coal consumption and consequent decreased emissions of SO(2) and larger particles. These decreases in coal combustion and the decreased concentrations of SO(2) and particles of larger size classes may have led to decreased particle scavenging and may be partially responsible for the observed increases in ultrafine particles. Traffic-related changes, such as increased numbers of trucks and increased use of diesel vehicles in Erfurt, were also associated with increased number concentrations of ultrafine particles. Morning particle peaks of all sizes were associated with NO and CO (markers for traffic) in both the 1991 and 1998 periods. There were significant differences in the ultrafine particle levels for morning hours between 1991 and 1998, suggesting that traffic was the cause of this increase.
Patterns of Treatment Failure and Prognostic Factors Associated With the Treatment of Esophageal Carcinoma With Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Either as Sole Treatment or Followed by Surgery
Authors: Peter G. Gill, Jim W. Denham, Glyn G. Jamieson, Peter G. Devitt, Eric Yeoh, Charles Olweny
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

The dosage of fluorouracil printed in the abstract of the report by Gill et al, "Patterns and Treatment Failure and Prognostic Factors Associated With the Treatment of Esophageal Carcinoma With Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Either as Sole Treatment or Followed by Surgery" (J Clin Oncol 10:1037–1043, 1992), should have been 800 mg/m 2 as stated elsewhere in the report. The unit of measure for interleukin-2 and Interferon alfa-2a in the report by Ilson et al, "A Phase II Trial of Interleukin-2 and Interferon Alfa-2a in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma" (J Clin Oncol 10:1124–1130, 1992), should have been "U/m 2 d," not "µ/m 2 /d."
Psychological and social evaluation in cases of deliberate self-poisoning seen in an accident department
Authors: R Gardner, R Hanka
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The outcome in 115 consecutive patients with mild self-poisoning seen by junior medical staff and discharged from the accident department was compared with that of 98 similar patients admitted to the medical wards.Psychiatrists saw only four patients in the accident department and 25 admissions.In making their assess- ments the junior medical staff considered psychosocial factors as well as the patients' physical condition.Most patients recommended for further care, and discharged from the accident department, subsequently received it.Repetition rates were similar in the two groups and there had been no suicides when patients were followed up at one year.It is feasible for junior staff in an accident department to decide whether patients with self- poisoning need admission or may be discharged with or without subsequent referral for psychiatric or social work help.