tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Default Withdrawal: Exacerbating Mistrust for Our Most Vulnerable Families
Authors: Uchenna Anani, Brownsyne Tucker Edmonds, Bree L. Andrews, Mobolaji Famuyide, Dalia Feltman
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2022)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article is referred to by:Postponed Withholding: An Ethical Tool for Health Care Personnel to Empower ParentsThis article refers to:Postponed Withholding: Balanced Decision-Making at the Margins of Viability Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Respecting Patients’ Authority to Make Healthcare Decisions
Authors: Philip M. Rosoff
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2022)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article is referred to by:Capacities to Refuse Treatment: A ReplyThis article refers to:Three Kinds of Decision-Making Capacity for Refusing Medical Interventions Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Assessing the role of venetoclax in combination with hypomethylating agents in higher risk myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Rami S. Komrokji, Avani M. Singh, Najla Al Ali, Onyee Chan, Eric Padron, Kendra Sweet, Andrew Kuykendall, Jeffrey E. Lancet, David A. Sallman
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2022)
The Birth of Tragedy? Extremely Premature Births and Shared Decision-Making
Authors: Joseph W. Kaempf, Kevin M. Dirksen
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2022)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article is referred to by:Postponed Withholding: An Ethical Tool for Health Care Personnel to Empower ParentsThis article refers to:Postponed Withholding: Balanced Decision-Making at the Margins of Viability ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors dedicate this manuscript to the hundreds of pregnant women who have lived through the birth of their extremely premature infant over the past 30 years at Providence St. Vincent Medical Center.AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONSBoth JWK and KMD prepared this manuscript, take full responsibility for the contents, and approved the final version.DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis manuscript was supported by Providence Health & Services, Oregon. Providence Health had no role in the preparation of this work. No outside funding was used for manuscript preparation & submission.
Sharing Decisions When Withdrawing a Technology Is Not the Same as Withholding It
Authors: Danton Char, Dana Gal, Seth Hollander
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2022)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:Postponed Withholding: Balanced Decision-Making at the Margins of Viability Additional informationFundingMaternal Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University, Laurie Kraus Lacob Faculty Scholarship.
Authority, Autonomy, and Capacity
Authors: Daniel Fogal, Ben Schwan
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2022)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article is referred to by:Capacities to Refuse Treatment: A ReplyThis article refers to:Three Kinds of Decision-Making Capacity for Refusing Medical Interventions Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Postponed Withholding: The Wrong Nudge
Authors: Stephanie Kukora, Naomi Laventhal, Marin Arnolds
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2022)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article is referred to by:Postponed Withholding: An Ethical Tool for Health Care Personnel to Empower ParentsThis article refers to:Postponed Withholding: Balanced Decision-Making at the Margins of Viability Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
The Postponed Withholding Model: An Autoethnographic Analysis
Authors: Pat Tissington
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2022)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article is referred to by:Postponed Withholding: An Ethical Tool for Health Care Personnel to Empower ParentsThis article refers to:Postponed Withholding: Balanced Decision-Making at the Margins of Viability Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
The Path More Easily Reversed: Postponed Withholding at Borderline Viability
Authors: Mark R. Mercurio
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2022)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article is referred to by:Postponed Withholding: An Ethical Tool for Health Care Personnel to Empower ParentsThis article refers to:Postponed Withholding: Balanced Decision-Making at the Margins of Viability Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
High compliance with National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines and no local recurrences for patients receiving Mohs micrographic surgery for Merkel cell carcinoma: A single-center retrospective case series
Authors: Shannon T. Nugent, Tess M. Lukowiak, Brian Cheng, Carolyn Stull, Christopher J. Miller, Leora Aizman, Allison M. Perz, Jeremy Etzkorn, Joseph F. Sobanko, Thuzar M. Shin, Cerrene N. Giordano, John Nicholas Lukens, John T. Miura, Mitul B. Modi, H. William Higgins
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2022)
Hypothalamic integrity is necessary for sustained weight loss after bariatric surgery: A prospective, cross-sectional study
Authors: Ulrich Dischinger, Laura Kötzner, Petia Kovatcheva-Datchary, Helena Kleinschmidt, Christina Haas, Jose Perez, Cornelius Presek, Ann-Cathrin Koschker, Alexander D. Miras, Mohammed K. Hankir, Jörg Vogel, Christoph-Thomas Germer, Martin Fassnacht, Martin J. Herrmann, Florian Seyfried
Journal: Metabolism (2022)
Robotic Esophagectomy Compared With Open Esophagectomy Reduces Sarcopenia within the First Postoperative Year: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
Authors: Felix Merboth, Heiner Nebelung, Natalie Wotschel, Hendrik Liebscher, Franziska Eckert, Janusz von Renesse, Jasmin Hasanovic, Thilo Welsch, Johannes Fritzmann, Daniel E. Stange, Verena Plodeck, Ralf-Thorsten Hoffmann, Marius Distler, Jürgen Weitz, Johanna Kirchberg
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2022)
ROS-activatable biomimetic interface mediates in-situ bioenergetic remodeling of osteogenic cells for osteoporotic bone repair
Authors: Maohua Chen, Menghuan Li, Yujia Wei, Chencheng Xue, Maowen Chen, Yang Fei, Lu Tan, Zhong Luo, Kaiyong Cai, Yan Hu
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)
Biomimetic nanoparticles drive the mechanism understanding of shear-wave elasticity stiffness in triple negative breast cancers to predict clinical treatment
Authors: Dongdong Zheng, Jin Zhou, Lang Qian, XueJiao Liu, Cai Chang, Shuang Tang, Hongbo Zhang, Shichong Zhou
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

In clinical practice, we noticed that triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients had higher shear-wave elasticity (SWE) stiffness than non-TNBC patients and a higher α-SMA expression was found in TNBC tissues than the non-TNBC tissues. Moreover, SWE stiffness also shows a clear correlation to neoadjuvant response efficiency. To elaborate this phenomenon, TNBC cell membrane-modified polylactide acid-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticle was fabricated to specifically deliver artesunate to regulate SWE stiffness through inhibiting CAFs functional status. As tested in MDA-MB-231 and E0771 orthotopic tumor models, CAFs functional status inhibited by [email protected] nanoparticles (231M-AP NPs) had reduced the SWE stiffness as well as attenuated hypoxia of tumor as tumor soil loosening agent which amplified the antitumor effects of paclitaxel and PD1 inhibitor. Single-cell sequencing indicated that the two main CAFs (extracellular matrix and wound healing CAFs) that produces extracellular matrix could influence the tumor SWE stiffness as well as the antitumor effect of drugs. Further, biomimetic nanoparticles inhibited CAFs function could attenuate tumor hypoxia by increasing proportion of inflammatory blood vessels and oxygen transport capacity. Therefore, our finding is fundamental for understanding the role of CAFs on affecting SWE stiffness and drugs antitumor effects, which can be further implied in the potential clinical theranostic predicting in neoadjuvant therapy efficacy through non-invasive analyzing of SWE imaging.
Educational inequalities and premature mortality: the Cuba Prospective Study
Authors: Stephanie Ross, Nurys Armas Rojas, Julia Sawatzky, Patricia Varona-Pérez, Julie Ann Burrett, Marcy Calderón Martínez, Elba Lorenzo-Vázquez, Sonia Bess Constantén, Paul Sherliker, José Manuel Morales Rigau, Osvaldo Jesús Hernández López, Miguel Ángel Martínez Morales, Ismell Alonso Alomá, Fernando Achiong Estupiñan, Mayda Díaz González, Noel Rosquete Muñoz, Marelis Cendra Asencio, Jonathan Emberson, Richard Peto, Sarah Lewington, Ben Lacey
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2022)

Although socioeconomic status is a major determinant of premature mortality in many populations, the impact of social inequalities on premature mortality in Cuba, a country with universal education and health care, remains unclear. We aimed to assess the association between educational level and premature adult mortality in Cuba.The Cuba Prospective Study (a cohort study) enrolled 146 556 adults aged 30 years and older from the general population in five provinces from Jan 1, 1996, to Nov 24, 2002. Participants were followed up until Jan 1, 2017, for cause-specific mortality. Deaths were identified through linkage to the Cuban Public Health Ministry's national mortality records. Cox regression models yielded rate ratios (RRs) for the effect of educational level (a commonly used measure for social status) on mortality at ages 35-74 years, with assessment for the mediating effects of smoking, alcohol consumption, and BMI.A total of 127 273 participants aged 35-74 years were included in the analyses. There was a strong inverse association between educational level and premature mortality. Compared with a university education, men who did not complete primary education had an approximately 60% higher risk of premature mortality (RR 1·55, 95% CI 1·40-1·72), while the risk was approximately doubled in women (1·96, 1·81-2·13). Overall, 28% of premature deaths could be attributed to lower education levels. Excess mortality in women was primarily due to vascular disease, while vascular disease and cancer were equally important in men. 31% of the association with education in men and 18% in women could be explained by common modifiable risk factors, with smoking having the largest effect.This study highlights the value of understanding the determinants of health inequalities in different populations. Although many major determinants lie outside the health system in Cuba, this study has identified the diseases and risk factors that require targeted public health interventions, particularly smoking.UK Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, CDC Foundation (with support from Amgen).
Progression-free Survival After Second Line of Therapy for Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma in Patients Treated with First-line Immunotherapy Combinations
Authors: Kelly N. Fitzgerald, Cihan Duzgol, Andrea Knezevic, Natalie Shapnik, Ritesh Kotecha, David H. Aggen, Maria I. Carlo, Neil J. Shah, Martin H. Voss, Darren R. Feldman, Robert J. Motzer, Chung-Han Lee
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening in Transgender Patients
Authors: Farnoosh Nik-Ahd, Andrew Jarjour, Jane Figueiredo, Jennifer T. Anger, Maurice Garcia, Peter R. Carroll, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Adriana C. Vidal, Stephen J. Freedland
Journal: European Urology (2022)

Approximately 0.4–1.3% of the worldwide population is transgender. Although the exact prevalence is unknown, there is an increase in open identification as transgender. Among transgender women (TW), the prostate is retained even after gender-affirmation surgery, thus necessitating ongoing screening for prostate cancer (CaP). However, little is known about CaP screening in this population. To assess our current understanding of CaP incidence and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in TW. We performed a nonsystematic narrative review of all PubMed publications through June 2022 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Given the limited primary research on this subject, case reports were also included. Studies were reviewed to understand PSA screening practices and reports of CaP in this population, as applicable. There is no consensus regarding PSA screening in TW from any of the major societies, and TW are largely absent from guidelines. Case report data suggest that TW with CaP may have more aggressive disease, and these cancers may have been pre-existing prior to present before gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) or be castrate-resistant. We are in the infancy of our understanding of PSA screening in TW. Important avenues for future research include understanding the risks/benefits of PSA screening in TW, how best to mitigate potential negative psychological effects of PSA screening in TW, establishing baseline PSA values for those on GAHT (and determining what values should be considered “elevated”), establishing when to initiate PSA screening for those on GAHT, and establishing the accuracy of biomarkers for those undergoing GAHT. We examined patterns of prostate cancer screening for transgender women. Little is known about prostate cancer incidence or screening in this population. Additional research is needed to establish guidelines for screening in this population.
Co-delivery of nigericin and decitabine using hexahistidine-metal nanocarriers for pyroptosis-induced immunotherapeutics
Authors: Qiang Niu, Yu Liu, Yujing Zheng, Ziwei Tang, Yuna Qian, Ruogu Qi, Jianliang Shen, Ping Zhao
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2022)

Pyroptosis provides a new window for relieving the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIM) and promoting systemic immune responses for tumor treatments. However, gasdermin D (GSDMD), a key protein in the pyroptosis process mediated by caspase-1, is low expressed in the majority of tumor cells and small-molecule inhibitors of DNA methylation suffer from nonspecific or single-function defects. To address these issues, hexahistidine (His
Prevalence and risk factors of bacterial enteric pathogens in men who have sex with men: A cross-sectional study at the UK's largest sexual health service
Authors: Holly D. Mitchell, Gary Whitlock, Jey Zdravkov, Jenny Olsson, Panida Silalang, Megan Bardsley, Paula B. Blomquist, Claire Jenkins, Nicholas R. Thomson, Nigel Field, Gwenda Hughes
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Mucus-penetrating nonviral gene vaccine processed in the epithelium for inducing advanced vaginal mucosal immune responses
Authors: Qunjie Bi, Xu Song, Yangyang Zhao, Xueyi Hu, Huan Yang, Rongrong Jin, Yu Nie
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2022)

Establishment of vaginal immune defenses at the mucosal interface layer through gene vaccines promise to prevent infectious diseases among females. Mucosal barriers composed of a flowing mucus hydrogel and tightly conjugated epithelial cells (ECs), which represent the main technical difficulties for vaccine development, reside in the harsh, acidic human vaginal environment. Different from frequently employed viral vectors, two types of nonviral nanocarriers were designed to concurrently overcome the barriers and induce immune responses. Differing design concepts include the charge-reversal property (DRLS) to mimic a virus that uses any cells as factories, as well as the addition of a hyaluronic acid coating (HA/RLS) to directly target dendritic cells (DCs). With a suitable size and electrostatic neutrality, these two nanoparticles penetrate a mucus hydrogel with similar diffusivity. The DRLS system expressed a higher level of the carried human papillomavirus type 16 L1 gene compared to HA/RLS in vivo. Therefore it induced more robust mucosal, cellular, and humoral immune responses. Moreover, the DLRS applied to intravaginal immunization induced high IgA levels compared with intramuscularly injected DNA (naked), indicating timely protection against pathogens at the mucus layer. These findings also offer important approaches for the design and fabrication of nonviral gene vaccines in other mucosal systems.
Targeted nanomedicines remodeling immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment for enhanced cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Yanyan Xu, Jingyuan Xiong, Xiyang Sun, Huile Gao
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2022)

Cancer immunotherapy has significantly flourished and revolutionized the limited conventional tumor therapies, on account of its good safety and long-term memory ability. Discouragingly, low patient response rates and potential immune-related side effects make it rather challenging to literally bring immunotherapy from bench to bedside. However, it has become evident that, although the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in facilitating tumor progression and metastasis, it also provides various potential targets for remodeling the immunosuppressive TME, which can consequently bolster the effectiveness of antitumor response and tumor suppression. Additionally, the particular characteristics of TME, in turn, can be exploited as avenues for designing diverse precise targeting nanomedicines. In general, it is of urgent necessity to deliver nanomedicines for remodeling the immunosuppressive TME, thus improving the therapeutic outcomes and clinical translation prospects of immunotherapy. Herein, we will illustrate several formation mechanisms of immunosuppressive TME. More importantly, a variety of strategies concerning remodeling immunosuppressive TME and strengthening patients' immune systems, will be reviewed. Ultimately, we will discuss the existing obstacles and future perspectives in the development of antitumor immunotherapy. Hopefully, the thriving bloom of immunotherapy will bring vibrancy to further exploration of comprehensive cancer treatment.
Association between influenza vaccination and risk of stroke in Alberta, Canada: a population-based study
Authors: Jessalyn K Holodinsky, Charlotte Zerna, Shaun Malo, Lawrence W Svenson, Michael D Hill
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2022)

Respiratory infection can be an immediate precursor to stroke and myocardial infarction. Influenza vaccination is associated with reduced risk of myocardial infarction and hospitalisation for cardiac disease, and influenza vaccination is strongly recommended for patients with heart disease. Evidence on whether the same protective association exists for stroke, and whether this potential effect is consistent across age and risk groups, is conflicting. We aimed to assess the risk of stroke after influenza vaccination in adults.We obtained administrative data from the Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan (which covers all residents of Alberta, Canada) beginning on Sept 30, 2009, or May 15 of the year in which residents were recorded as being 18 years of age. Individuals were censored at the earliest of three events: death, recorded outmigration, or Dec 31, 2018. The outcome of interest was any stroke event, comprising acute ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and transient ischaemic attack. We used Andersen-Gill Cox models to analyse the hazard of any stroke event for individuals with recent (&lt;182 days) influenza vaccination compared with those without recent influenza vaccination, with adjustment for age, sex, anticoagulant use, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, hypertension, income quintile, and rural or urban home location. Two-way interaction terms between each individual covariate and vaccination status were used to assess for effect modification by risk factor. The association between vaccination and risk of each type of stroke was also modelled, adjusting for baseline covariates.The study sample consisted of 4 141 209 adults (29 687 899 person-years of observation time) registered under the provincial health-care system between Sept 30, 2009, and Dec 31, 2018. 1 769 565 (42·73%) individuals received at least one vaccination during the study period, and 38 126 stroke events were recorded. Adjusted for demographics and comorbidities, recent influenza vaccination significantly reduced the hazard of stroke (hazard ratio 0·775 [95% CI 0·757-0·793]). This association persisted across all stroke types. We found effect modification by each covariate examined except for home location; however, vaccination was associated with a reduced risk of stroke overall across all ages and risk profiles with the exception of individuals without hypertension.The risk of stroke is reduced among people who have recently been vaccinated against influenza compared with those who have not. This association extended to the entire adult population and was not limited to individuals with a baseline high risk of stroke. Further studies in a variety of settings are needed to evaluate whether influenza vaccination could be used as a public health strategy to prevent stroke.None.
Selenium Species in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Hippocampal Volume among Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Marco Vinceti, Erica Balboni, Tommaso Filippini, Lauren A. Wise, Luca Nocetti, Marcel Eichmüller, Giovanna Zamboni, Annalisa Chiari, Bernhard Michalke
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2022)
Correction: Phase I/II clinical trial of a helper peptide vaccine plus PD-1 blockade in PD-1 antibody-naïve and PD-1 antibody-experienced patients with melanoma (MEL64)
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Correction: Phase I/II clinical trial of a helper peptide vaccine plus PD-1 blockade in PD-1 antibody-naïve and PD-1 antibody
CD103 fate mapping reveals that intestinal CD103 <sup>−</sup> tissue-resident memory T cells are the primary responders to secondary infection
Authors: Helen Y. Fung, Matthew Teryek, Alexander D. Lemenze, Tessa Bergsbaken
Journal: Science Immunology (2022)

Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells remain poised in the tissue and mediate robust protection from secondary infection. TRM cells within the intestine and other tissues are heterogeneous in their phenotype and function; however, the contributions of these TRM subsets to secondary infection remain poorly defined. To address the plasticity of intestinal TRM subsets and their role in local and systemic immunity, we generated mice to fate map intestinal CD103+ TRM cells and track their location and function during secondary infection with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. We found that CD103+ TRM cells remained lodged in the tissue and were poorly reactivated during secondary challenge. CD103- TRM cells were the primary responders to secondary infection and expanded within the tissue, with limited contribution from circulating memory T cells. The transcriptional profile of CD103- TRM cells demonstrated maintenance of a gene signature similar to circulating T cells along with increased cytokine production and migratory potential. CD103- TRM cells also expressed genes associated with T cell receptor (TCR) activation and displayed enhanced TCR-mediated reactivation both in vitro and in vivo compared with their CD103+ counterparts. These studies reveal the limited recall potential of CD103+ TRM subsets and the role of CD103- TRM cells as central memory-like T cells within peripheral tissues.
Informed Nondissent at the Limits of Viability
Authors: Noah M. Kon, Alexander A. Kon
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2022)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article is referred to by:Postponed Withholding: An Ethical Tool for Health Care Personnel to Empower ParentsThis article refers to:Postponed Withholding: Balanced Decision-Making at the Margins of Viability Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.