tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant Therapy of Colon Cancer — Results of a Prospectively Randomized Trial
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

After curative surgical resection, 621 patients with modified Dukes' stage B2, d, or C2 colon carcinoma were randomly assigned to one of four treatment programs. These included chemotherapy with fluorouracil and semustine, immunotherapy with methanol extraction residue of bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), combination therapy with fluorouracil, semustine, and immunotherapy, or close follow-up without adjuvant treatment. Treatment continued for 70 weeks. After a median of 51/2 years of follow-up, no significant differences were noted in either recurrence or survival rates among the four treatment programs. Leukemia developed in seven patients, all of whom had received fluorouracil and semustine. The results of this study do not support the use of chemotherapy with fluorouracil and semustine, immunotherapy with methanol extraction residue of BCG, or their combination as an adjuvant treatment program for patients at high risk for recurrent colon carcinoma. The data do, however, demonstrate the necessity for an untreated control group in a trial of adjuvant therapy for colon cancer. (N Engl J Med 1984; 310:737–43.)
Doctors may put patients off with antismoking advice
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Quality of care before admission to intensive care is often poor Emergency admissions have risen by 50% since 1984, but this rise in quantity should not be at the expense of quality.McQuillan et al (p 1853) used confidential inquiry methods to investigate the quality of care received by a consecutive cohort of 100 adult emergency patients in two hospitals.Oxygen therapy; management of airway, breathing, or circulation; or monitoring was suboptimal in over 50 patients.At least 39 patients were admitted late in their illness.These factors may be associated with increased morbidity and mortality and avoidable admissions to intensive care.The authors suggest a back to basics approach to managing dysfunction of airway, breathing, and circulation.The structure and process of acute care need reviewing to meet the challenge of the increasingly frenetic workload of the NHS.
BRAZIL
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Increased Waking Salivary Cortisol Levels in Young People at Familial Risk of Depression
Authors: Zola Mannie
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Objective: Cortisol hypersecretion is one of the most reliable biological abnormalities in major depression, but it is uncertain if it represents an illness marker or a trait vulnerability to mood disorder. The present study sought to answer this question by measuring waking salivary cortisol levels in young people at familial risk of depression but with no personal history of mood disorder. Method: The authors studied 49 young people who had not been depressed themselves but who had a parent with a history of major depression (FH+) and a comparison group of 55 participants who had no personal history of depression and no reported depression in a first-degree relative. The authors measured the amount of cortisol secreted in saliva during the first 30 minutes after awakening on a workday and on a nonworkday. Results: The amount of cortisol secreted by the FH+ subjects was greater than that of the comparison subjects on both workdays (mean=698 nmol×minutes/liter, SD=243, versus mean=550, SD=225) and nonworkdays (mean=633 nmol×minutes/liter, SD=216, versus mean=492, SD=166). The increase in cortisol secretion was not accounted for by differences in parental attachment, life events, personality, or current mental state. Conclusions: Hypersecretion of cortisol can be detected in asymptomatic individuals at genetic risk of depression and may represent an illness endophenotype. Further studies will be needed to find out if increased waking salivary cortisol levels can predict individual risk of illness and whether the increased cortisol secretion has implications for general health and cognitive function.
Compulsory premarital screening for HIV
Authors: Jean-Pierre Allain, Ray Daniels
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The analysis of proposed premarital screening programs for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by Cleary et al<sup>1</sup>is the most detailed and thorough published to date. While the cost of such programs is clearly significant, the benefits seem underestimated when recent data are taken into account. Today's enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are considerably improved over those cited by Cleary et al. The Abbott test, for example, is Food and Drug Administration—licensed at 100% sensitivity and 99.85% specificity. As we will show, this change has a significant impact on the expected outcomes of testing. For their calculations, Cleary et al assume that the rate of HIV infection among marriage applicants equals the 0.04% rate among blood donors, even while noting that "blood collection facilities actively discourage individuals at high risk of infection from donating blood." This practice, combined with donor questionnaires and other screening mechanisms, makes it unlikely that
Chronic migraine
Authors: T. J. Schwedt
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Chronic migraine is a disabling neurologic condition that affects 2% of the general population. Patients with chronic migraine have headaches on at least 15 days a month, with at least eight days a month on which their headaches and associated symptoms meet diagnostic criteria for migraine. Chronic migraine places an enormous burden on patients owing to frequent headaches; hypersensitivity to visual, auditory, and olfactory stimuli; nausea; and vomiting. It also affects society through direct and indirect medical costs. Chronic migraine typically develops after a slow increase in headache frequency over months to years. Several factors are associated with an increased risk of transforming to chronic migraine. The diagnosis requires a carefully performed patient interview and neurologic examination, sometimes combined with additional diagnostic tests, to differentiate chronic migraine from secondary headache disorders and other primary chronic headaches of long duration. Treatment takes a multifaceted approach that may include risk factor modification, avoidance of migraine triggers, drug and non-drug based prophylaxis, and abortive migraine treatment, the frequency of which is limited to avoid drug overuse. This article provides an overview of current knowledge regarding chronic migraine, including epidemiology, risk factors for its development, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and guidelines. The future of chronic migraine treatment and research is also discussed.
Little strokes.
Authors: E C Hutchinson
Journal: BMJ (1969)

brain, pons, and medulla.The problem is compounded by the fact that no fewer than 20 syndromes have been described in relation to vascular lesions in this area.Williams and Wilson,2 in an analysis of a personal series of 65 cases, have shown that the clinical problems are not as complex as the literature would suggest.In their account of
DICER1 and Associated Conditions: Identification of At-risk Individuals and Recommended Surveillance Strategies—Response
Authors: Andrew J. Bauer, Douglas R. Stewart, Junne Kamihara, Anne K. Harris, Joyce Turner, Rachana Shah, Kami Wolfe Schneider, Katherine Schneider, Ann Garrity Carr, Laura A. Harney, A. Lindsay Frazier, Daniel Orbach, Dominik T. Schneider, David Malkin, Louis P. Dehner, Yoav H. Messinger, D. Ashley Hill, Kris Ann P. Schultz
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2019)
Ethics
Authors: Edmund D. Pellegrino
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The Patient Self-determination Act, which took effect in December 1991, is designed to alert patients to their right to execute advance directives that will guide treatment decisions should they become incompetent.<sup>1</sup>This review summarizes some of the complex and unresolved ethical issues that should concern physicians and hospitals as they implement the new law. The Patient Self-determination Act does not require that patients have advance directives.<sup>2-4</sup>Rather, it requires health care institutions to provide written information informing patients of their legal rights under state law to make advance directives. Institutions must now document any advance directive a patient may have executed but must not discriminate in the care provided on the basis of the existence or nonexistence of a directive. They must also maintain written policies and procedures regarding advance directives and provide staff and community education workers with this knowledge. Advance directives are of two types: (1)
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON TREATMENT OF SCARLET FEVER WITH IMMUNE HUMAN SERUM
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1944)

Chronic Otorrhoea Q.-In cases of chronic or relapsing otorrhoea in adtults, is there any treatment other than the usual (and generally inejffectual) appli- cation of guttae spt.c boric.(or simitar)?Is there any danger in irrigating, not syringing, the meatus with sterile saline solution ?Can any sulphtonamide preparation be used locally?A.-As there are many cases of chronic otorrhoea in which local treatment alone is useless the first step in successful treatment is accuracy in diagnosis.Two common causes of chronicity must be kept in mind: unsuspected nasal sinusitis, and chronic infection of the bone of the attic and mastoid.The success of local treatment depends as much on efficient removal of discharge from the middle ear as on the type of local application.Syringing is harmless, pro-
Carbon monoxide
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sources of Error in Hospital Blood Bank
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reductions in Incidence of Invasive Group B Streptococcal Disease in the United States—Reply
Authors: Christina Phares
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hematin treatment of acute porphyria. Early remission of an almost fatal relapse
Authors: A. Peterson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Intravenous infusions of hematin in a young woman with acute porphyria in profound relapse was followed within 48 hours by remission of symptoms and rapid recovery. From a state of severe central and peripheral nervous-system involvement, the patient recovered so completely that she was able to leave the hospital in less than a month, with only a residual weakness of her arms. Serial studies of serum and urinary levels of porphyrin precursors and serum level of hematin provided highly important information about the effect of hematin on acute porphyria. (<i>JAMA</i>235:520-522, 1976)
Generic drugs and the prescribing physician
Authors: S. L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1987)

While generic substitution is not a new phenomenon, a number of factors have combined to markedly increase generic drug use. The most important factor is a 1984 law, the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act, which facilitates the entry into the marketplace of generic versions of brand name drugs. This law and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) policies are designed to approve for marketing generic drug products that are therapeutically equivalent to their brand name counterparts. With increased availability of generic drugs, physicians have expressed the need for more information about the FDA process for determining that generic versions of brand name drug products are both safe and effective and that generic drug products will produce the same therapeutic results as those achieved by the brand name products. This article describes FDA procedures for approving generic drug products and examines issues important to the prescribing physician, in particular, therapeutic equivalence. The article also describes the role of the states in generic substitution and the availability of information from the FDA on the therapeutic equivalence of drug products. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:1200-1204)
How Similar Are the Disorders Included Under the Umbrella of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Related Disorders?—Reply
Authors: Eric W. Leppink, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Jon E. Grant
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Abstract 2355: IKKa serves as a molecular switch linking miRNA biogenesis and inflammation in skin tumorigenesis
Authors: Feng Zhu, Jian Zhang, Jami Willette-Brown, Ling Su, Xiaolin Wu, Yinling Hu
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Our previous studies have shown that the absence of tumor suppressor IKKα leads to development of spontaneous mouse squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in the skin, lungs, and esophagus, which is partially mediated by aberrant epigenetic alterations and inflammation. However, it remains unknown whether there is a crosstalk between the above-mentioned mechanisms. As a part of the epigenetic machinery, miRNAs regulate many genes post-transcriptionally. Here we show that IKKα deletion in the mouse epidermis results in impaired miRNA processing with markedly reduced expression of ribonuclease Dicer, an enzyme required for miRNA maturation. We found that the lack of IKKα causes Dicer gene silencing through DNA methylation. As a result, the maturation of miR-203-3p, which is the most abundant miRNA in keratinocytes, is blocked in Ikkα-null keratinocytes. Next, we identified Myd88, an important component of innate immunity and inflammation, as one of miR-203-3p targets. The level of Myd88 expression is robustly increased in Ikkα-null keratinocytes due to the lack of miR-203-3p. We also observed increased activity of caspase 1 cleavage, an indicator of inflammasome activation, in Ikkα-null keratinocytes. Interestingly, Myd88 deletion or 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (DNA methyltransferase inhibitor) treatment rescued the survival of Ikkαf/f;K5Cre mice, which usually die within three weeks after birth. Ikkαf/f;Myd88f/f;K5Cre mice also develop much fewer spontaneous skin tumors. By analyzing a cohort of human head and neck SCCs from TCGA database, we found that Dicer expression is concurrently downregulated among 32% of patients with low IKKα expression. Taken together, our finding illustrated how IKKα loss mediates Dicer gene silencing, which turns off miRNA processing, including miR-203-3p maturation, and eventually triggers Myd88-dependent inflammation. Thus, our study revealed a novel IKKα/Dicer/miR-203-3p/Myd88 signaling loop, in which IKKα serves as a molecular switch linking microRNA biogenesis and inflammation in skin tumorigenesis. Citation Format: Feng Zhu, Jian Zhang, Jami Willette-Brown, Ling Su, Xiaolin Wu, Yinling Hu. IKKa serves as a molecular switch linking miRNA biogenesis and inflammation in skin tumorigenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2355.
Teaching Methods in Public Health Nursing.
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal