tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Advantages of Preoperative Irradiation
Authors: Gilbert H. Fletcher
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This report<sup>25</sup>is a continuation of a study previously reported.<sup>17</sup>In the present study, 1,243 patients with histologically proved carcinoma of the breast received definitive therapy by one of four methods. <h3>Methods.—Radical Mastectomy (Mainly Stage I Clinically and Pathologically).—</h3> Radical mastectomy was performed when the primary lesion was located in the outer quadrants. If microscopic examination proved the axillary nodes to be free of metastases, no irradiation was given. <h3>Postoperative Irradiation (Mainly Stage II Clinically and Pathologically).—</h3> Radical mastectomy was followed by irradiation to the apex of the axilla, the supraclavicular region, and the internal mammary chain area in all patients with lesions in the outer quadrant accompanied by axillary nodal metastases, and in all patients with medially or centrally located lesions regardless of the status of the axillary nodes. <h3>Preoperative Irradiation (Mainly Stage III Clinically and Pathologically).—</h3> Preoperative irradiation followed by radical mastectomy was
Clinical and<i>in Vivo</i>Response Following Surgery or Surgery Plus Adjuvant Chemotherapy or Immunotherapy for Colorectal Carcinoma in a Rat Model
Authors: A K House, M A L Maley
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1983)

Two cohorts of rats, 240 with colon cancer and 150 controls, were assessed clinically and immunologically for their response to tumour and its management which was either by surgical excision alone or by surgical excision combined with either adjuvant chemotherapy or immunotherapy. The histology and invasion characteristics were observed for similarity with those of human lesions. Metastases were found in liver, lymph nodes, the peritoneum or lungs in 27% of animals during follow up. Significantly fewer adjuvant-treated rats had metastases than those receiving surgery alone ( P &lt; 0.05), and less total tumour weight was found in the adjuvant-treated rats at four ( P &lt; 0.03) and six ( P &lt; 0.001) weeks postoperatively. Animals in the adjuvant immunotherapy group survived longer than in either other group ( P &lt; 0.001). The crude parameters of host response to tumour, body, spleen and mesenteric lymph node weight were recorded and the latter two indexed to body weight. The body weight of tumour and control rats increased significantly with time ( P &lt; 0.04). The spleen and mesenteric node indices were significantly ( P &lt; 0.04) greater in tumour than control rats and were varied by recurrent tumour growth and by the adjuvant treatment administered postoperatively.
Post-Mortem Appearances
Journal: JAMA (1949)

This little book, of convenient pocket size, was designed to describe gross anatomic changes seen at necropsy which help to characterize the main pathologic conditions. In addition to a brief description of necropsy methods, sections are devoted to the general findings to be expected in the presence of metabolic and deficiency diseases, infections and diseases of specific organs. A useful section deals with problems of stillbirths and neonatal deaths. In the appendixes weights and measurements of organs, dates of ossification and principal bones and states of maturity of the fetus are useful additions. It was hoped by the author that the book would be of aid to physicians who may have to perform an occasional necropsy, as well as to beginning students who wish to specialize in pathology. This little book may well serve a useful purpose in every morgue as a convenient and inexpensive reference source.
Medical Science under Dictatorship
Authors: Leo Alexander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

SCIENCE under dictatorship becomes subordinated to the guiding philosophy of the dictatorship. Irrespective of other ideologic trappings, the guiding philosophic principle of recent dictatorships, including that of the Nazis, has been Hegelian in that what has been considered "rational utility" and corresponding doctrine and planning has replaced moral, ethical and religious values. Nazi propaganda was highly effective in perverting public opinion and public conscience, in a remarkably short time. In the medical profession this expressed itself in a rapid decline in standards of professional ethics. Medical science in Nazi Germany collaborated with this Hegelian trend particularly in the following enterprises: . . .
Evolving Toward Effective Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Marc Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Acute ischemic stroke is a common, devastating disorder without beneficial therapy. Recent advances concerning the pathophysiology of ischemic brain injury have led to the development of rational pharmacological interventions. Thrombolytic and cytoprotective therapies may be useful and are being evaluated in clinical trials. The design of adequate clinical trials to evaluate these promising therapies has also evolved based on experience. Potential therapy for acute ischemic stroke must be assessed in a large number of patients who are given the intervention within hours of onset using a neurological scoring scale and a disability scale. Several new magnetic resonance imaging technologies are emerging that should allow the clinician to rapidly and accurately identify ischemic brain lesions and to evaluate cerebral perfusion. The availability of potentially efficacious therapies for ischemic stroke evaluated in well-designed clinical trials with magnetic resonance imaging technology, which can also assess therapeutic effects in vivo, should lead to the emergence of therapy to improve the outcome of patients with ischemic stroke in the near future. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:360-364)
The real ethics of rationing
Authors: J R E Hamilton, F. Chinegwundoh, D E B Powell
Journal: BMJ (1997)

# Purchasers, not surgeons, control waiting lists {#article-title-2} Editor—I applaud the BMJ 's efforts to bring the important issue of rationing to the fore, but I cannot allow one aspect of Light's contribution to go without challenge.1 Under the heading “parasitic privatisation” he says, “to top it off, the surgeons control the waiting lists” (to encourage patients into the private sector). I despair that someone of his academic stature should show such a lack of understanding of the purchaser-provider split that we have had in the NHS for the past six years. In the vast majority of cases we as surgeons have a contract with purchasers that places an upper limit on the number of patients on whom we can operate. Thus surgeons have no control over the number of patients having surgery and therefore, by definition, over the waiting list. The role of the surgeon is to prioritise, on clinical grounds, within the contracted number. If surgeons are to operate on more patients then purchasers must contract for more operations. The onus to reduce waiting time, and therefore encourage patients not to use the private sector, lies solely with the purchasers. 1. 1.↵1. Light DW .The real ethics of rationing.BMJ 1997;315: 112–5. (12 July.) [OpenUrl][1][FREE Full Text][2] # Doctors should not be penalised for doing private work in spare time {#article-title-4} Editor—Parts of Light's article on the ethics … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBMJ%26rft.stitle%253DBMJ%26rft.issn%253D0007-1447%26rft.aulast%253DLight%26rft.auinit1%253DD.%2BW%26rft.volume%253D315%26rft.issue%253D7100%26rft.spage%253D112%26rft.epage%253D115%26rft.atitle%253DThe%2Breal%2Bethics%2Bof%2Brationing%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F9240054%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=FULL&journalCode=bmj&resid=315/7100/112&atom=%2Fbmj%2F315%2F7117%2F1231.atom
Coronary vascularization during development in the rat and its relationship to basic fibroblast growth factor
Authors: R. J. Tomanek, L. Haung, P. R. Suvarna, L. C. O'Brien, A. Ratajska, A. Sandra
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

ObjectiveOur overall aims were to elucidate the temporal and spatial sequence of coronary vascularization during development in the rat, and to determine whether basic fibroblast growth factor expression corresponds to any phase of the vascularization process.
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 1, 1 January 1992, Pages 16–17, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.1.16 Published: 01 January 1992
Interferon-gamma differentially regulates CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2/B70) expression on human Langerhans cells
Authors: H. YOKOZEKI, I. KATAYAMA, O. OHKI, M. ARIMURA, K. TAKAYAMA, T. MATSUNAGA, T. SATOH, T. UMEDA, M. AZUMA, K. OKUMURA, K. NISHIOKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2/B70) have recently been identified in cultured human Langerhans cells (LCs), although their role and regulatory properties remain unclear. We present our comparison of the expression of the molecules, mRNAs and the function between CD80 and CD86 in human LCs treated by interferon γ (IFN-γ). We examined the regulatory properties of CD80 and CD86 expression in human LCs pretreated with IFN-γ. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that the mean fluorescence intensity of CD86 but not CD80 was enhanced. However, the percentage modulation of both CD80 and CD86 positive cells were significantly up-regulated in a dose-dependent manner, after 48-h culturing with IFN-γ. The regulatory properties of CD80 and CD86 mRNA expressions in human LC were studied using polymerase chain reaction methods. We found that both CD80 and CD86 mRNA of enriched LCs following IFN-γ pretreatment for 12 h were higher than those without pretreatment. We have demonstrated that the primary allogeneic mixed epidermal cell-lymphocyte reaction induced by human LCs treated by IFN-γ increased in a dose-dependent manner. There was a 61.5% inhibition by anti-CD86 monoclonal antibody and a 32.5% inhibition by anti-CD80 monoclonal antibody. These data indicate that the CD80 and CD86 expression of human LCs may be differently regulated by IFN-γ.
MEDICAL EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Primary intrahepatic obliterating cholangitis: a possible variant of `sclerosing cholangitis'
Authors: P. S. Bhathal, L. W. Powell
Journal: Gut (1969)

A sclerosing cholangitis confined to the intrahepatic ducts occurred in a 64-year-old man with a clinical picture of prolonged cholestatic jaundice. Two laparotomies and an operative cholangiogram demonstrated a normal extrahepatic biliary tree. The most prominent histological feature in the liver biopsy was the replacement of medium-sized bile ducts by fibrous cords. Electron microscopic examination of the liver showed changes attributable to cholestasis and cholesterol clefts in dense bodies. Needle-like and curved membrane-bounded inclusions of an obscure nature were also observed in some of the dense bodies. It is suggested that this case, together with nine histologically similar cases which have been labelled in the literature as `primary biliary cirrhosis9, represents a subgroup of sclerosing cholangitis in which only the intrahepatic ducts are affected.
Inhibition of Transformation of Mammary Preneoplastic Nodules to Tumor in C3H Mice Fed a Phenylalanine-Deficient Diet&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Y. H. Hui, K. B. DeOme, G. M. Briggs
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

The effect of diets deficient in phenylalanine(P) on the transformation from hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN) to tumors in the mammary glands of C3H/Crgl mice is reported. Five groups of C3H/Crgl virgin female mice, 5 weeks old, each with 2 isologous HAN transplanted into the inguinal, gland-free mammary fat pads, were fed semipurified diets with 5 P levels ranging from 0.090–0.300% for 40 weeks. The relationship of the percent of P in the diet to the percent of the nodule outgrowths containing tumors to the time (days) when 50% of the outgrowths contained tumors was as follows: 0.300%:90%:112 days; 0.150%:71 %:160 days; 0.135%:62%:264 days; 0.120%:51 %:280 days; and 0.090%:42%:> 300 days. The mice fed 0.090 and 0.120% P diets had poorly developed mammary glands and atrophic ovaries with almost no corpora lutea. The non-tumor-bearing inguinal fat pads were filled approximately 40% with nodule outgrowth compared to more than 80% for all other groups. Thus the abnormal ovaries, the poor gland development, the arrested growth of nodule cell populations, and the dependency of tumor formation on correct hormonal combinations indicate that the reduction of tumor formation from 90–42% by a P-deficient diet (with part of the inhibition accounted for by depression of food intake) may be due to a disturbed hormonal milieu.
Absence of Nitrofurantoin From Human Milk
Authors: Richard E. Hosbach
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Concern has been expressed frequently regarding the excretion in human milk of drugs administered to the mother, and the effects of these drugs on the nursing infant. Knowles in a recent review<sup>1</sup>cited findings to the effect that several antibacterial drugs can be found in milk, in pharmacologically significant concentrations, when these substances are administered to lactating women. We obtained samples of milk from women during postpartum hospitalization and had them analyzed for nitrofurantoin (Furadantin) by the method of Conklin and Hollifield.<sup>2</sup>The subjects were normal, healthy women, aged 16 to 25, para 0 to para 2, who received nitrofurantoin at the usual therapeutic dosage: 100 mg four times a day, by mouth, during the period of observation (three or four days). All mothers had spontaneous deliveries. The infants were bottle-fed, and the milk samples were collected by means of a breast pump, beginning on
Cardiac transplantation.
Journal: BMJ (1967)

damage is not necessarily detected by classical neurological examination.Standardized quantitative observations are suggested to reveal handi- caps and facilitate rearing these infants (p.763).Leader at p. 761.Obstetric Analgesia: Assessment by anaesthe- tist, patient, and midwife indicate that 0.35% methoxyflurane is suitable for intermittent self- administration during labour (p.767).Oral Contraceptives: Undesirable menstrual side-effects of microdoses of chlormadinone diminished by addition of oral oestrogens (p.771).Pneumoconiosis: Gas transfer defect of lungs found in 10 out of 16 patients whose radio- pacities were of pure pinhead type, but in none of 11 men whose opacities were micro- nodular in type (p.772).Febrile Illness in General Practice: E.C.H.O.virus type 3 incriminated as causative agent in a geographical epidemic, which mainly affected children (p.774).Intermittent Claudication: Calf muscle dener- vation gave encouraging results in patients with inoperable femoropopliteal occlusions (p.776).Gynaecomastia: Observed in 6 patients with chronic renal failure during early stages of regular dialysis treatment (p.779).Pyloric Stenesis and Blood Groups: Lowered incidence of group A demonstrated in 303 patients with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.Salivary ABH secretor status showed no significant difference from controls (p.781).
Primary Inoculation Tuberculosis
Authors: Eugene M. Hoyt
Journal: JAMA (1981)

COAGULASE-POSITIVE<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>is the most frequently isolated organism in acute paronychia. As the paronychia becomes more chronic, fungal, viral, and mycobacterial causes should be considered. Tuberculous involvement of the skin is very rare; less than 1% of all tuberculosis today manifests as primary inoculation tuberculosis. The most notable example of primary inoculation tuberculosis is the prosector's wart acquired by pathologists and their assistants from inoculation by tuberculous cadavers.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 24-year-old physician's assistant student in the Emory University Intensive Respiratory Care Program, Atlanta, complained of submandibular and axillary adenopathy that had been present since March 1979, following a sore throat. Cultures had been obtained and no bacterial cause was defined. She did not respond to penicillin G potassium therapy. Lassitude persisted through the spring and a heterophile antibody was obtained in September 1979. It was positive monospecific. When the patient was seen at the Emory
The Portland Epilepsy Test: A Parent Teaching Device
Authors: Peggy C. Ferry
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To The Editor.—</h3> In the course of working with epileptic children in a pediatric neurology clinic, we have shared the observations of others that parents often possess substantial gaps in their factual knowledge about epilepsy and its treatment. Common misconceptions are that youngsters will swallow their tongues and choke to death during a seizure; that epilepsy is strongly hereditary and carries the stigma of mental retardation; that the electroencephalographic test is a form of treatment, or that it can detect IQ and emotional problems as well as epilepsy; and that children with epilepsy should be treated differently than other youngsters. Parents with inadequate knowledge about epilepsy may have difficulty complying with physicians' recommentations about treatment, leading to poor seizure control in the child. In an attempt to correct some of these deficiencies in parents' knowledge and understanding about epilepsy, we devised a simple, 25-question, multiple-choice quiz about epilepsy. It can
Activation of the β-Catenin/T-Cell–Specific Transcription Factor/Lymphoid Enhancer Factor-1 Pathway by Plasminogen Activators in ECV304 Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Françoise Maupas-Schwalm, Catherine Robinet, Nathalie Augé, Jean-Claude Thiers, Virginie Garcia, Jean-Pierre Cambus, Robert Salvayre, Anne Nègre-Salvayre
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Besides its involvement in clot lysis, the plasminogen activator (PA) system elicits various cellular responses involved in cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation and plays a key role in the progression of cancers. β-Catenin interacts with E-cadherins and functions as transcriptional coactivator of the Wnt-signaling pathway, which is implicated in tumor formation when aberrantly activated. We report that tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) elicited tyrosine phosphorylation and cytosolic accumulation of an active (non–serine-threonin phosphorylated, nonubiquitinated) form of β-catenin in ECV304 carcinoma cells. tPA-dependent β-catenin activation is mediated through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation (via Src), suggested by the inhibitory effects of AG1478 and PP2 (specific inhibitors of EGFR and Src, respectively) and by the lack of β-catenin activation in EGFR-negative B82 fibroblasts. EGFR phosphorylation and β-catenin activation were inhibited by plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and pertussis toxin, two inhibitors of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)/uPA receptor system. β-Catenin activation was correlated with the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent mechanism. Gel shift experiments revealed the activation of β-catenin/T-cell–specific transcription factor (Tcf)/lymphoid enhancer factor-1 (Lef) transcriptional complex, evidenced by an increased binding of nuclear extracts to oligonucleotides containing the cyclin D1 Lef/Tcf site. β-Catenin silencing through small interfering RNA and antisense oligonucleotides inhibited both the tPA-mediated cyclin D1 expression and cell proliferation. A similar activation of the β-catenin pathway was triggered by amino-terminal fragment, the NH2-terminal catalytically inactive fragment of tPA, thus suggesting that this effect was independent of the proteolytic activity of plasminogen activators. In conclusion, the β-catenin/Lef/Tcf pathway is activated by tPA and is involved in cell cycle progression and proliferation.
Immunological Studies of herpes simplex virus infection in children with atopic eczema
Authors: H. M. GOODYEAR, P. McLEISH, S. RANDALL, A. BUCHAN, G. R. B. SKINNER, M. WINTHER, J. ROLLAND, G. MORGAN, J. I. HARPER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

This study examines the role of immune defence mechanisms in herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections in atopic eczema and whether impairment of these mechanisms explains the susceptibility of some children with atopic eczema to cutaneous HSV infections. Ten children with eczema herpeticum and 13 with atopic eczema and recurrent HSV infection affecting multiple skin sites were studied, together with relevant control groups. In all children with atopic eczema, in vitro lymphoproliferation in response to stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A) was significantly decreased and natural killer (NK) cells (CD16 + 56) were reduced compared with non‐atopic controls. IL‐2 receptors, a marker for lymphocyte activation, were decreased during the acute phase of eczema herpeticum, and for 1 month thereafter. A positive stimulation index (>3) to HSV antigen, and high HSV lgG antibody titres measured by ELISA. Western blotting and neutralization assay, were seen in children with eczema herpeticum by 6 weeks, and also in children with atopic eczema and recurrent HSV infections. No evidence of an HSV‐specific immune defect (either cell‐mediated or humoral) was found in atopic eczema. Impairment of cell‐mediated immunity in atopic eczema and recurrent HSV infections. No evidence of an HSV‐specific immune defect (either cell‐mediated or humoral) was found in atopic eczema. Imairment of cell‐mediated immunity in atopic eczema was suggested by the reduced response to Con A. It is likely that reduced numbers of circulating NK cells and a decrease in IL‐2 receptors during early eczema herpeticum contribute to the susceptibility of children with atopic eczema to cutaneous HSV infections.