tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Granulomatous &lt;I&gt;Pneumocystis carinii&lt;/I&gt; pneumonia in Wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: E Ullmer, M Mayr, I Binet, C Ebnother-Staub, P Dalquen, M Soler, M Tamm
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

This study reports on a first case of granulomatous Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative patient with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive Wegener's granulomatosis whilst receiving immunosuppressive treatment. The patient presented with diffuse alveolar haemorrhage, pauci-immune rapid progressive glomerulonephritis and leukocytoclastic vasculitis of the skin. Granulomatous Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed under immunosuppressive treatment with cyclophosphamide and prednisone. At the time Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed, there was a marked lymphopenia with a very low CD8+ cell count in the blood. Grocott staining in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed no Pneumocystis carinii. The diagnosis was made via a video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy which showed granulomas containing high numbers of Pneumocystis carinii cysts.
Some Observations on the Clinical Pathology of Ischemic Heart Disease
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The geographic spread and temporal increase of the Lyme disease epidemic
Authors: D. J. White
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To describe the temporal and geographic progression of the Lyme disease epidemic in New York State from 1977 through 1989. <h3>Design.</h3> —Communicable disease surveillance system. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Statewide. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —The progression of the epidemic was examined by analyzing trends in Lyme disease cases reported to the state surveillance system, town and county Lyme disease incidence rates, Lyme disease hospital discharge rates, and the distribution of<i>Ixodes dammini</i>ticks obtained from surveillance efforts and submitted for identification. <h3>Main Results.</h3> —The number of confirmed Lyme disease cases in New York has increased with concurrent increases in the number of hospital discharges. The number of counties endemic for Lyme disease increased from four to eight between 1985 and 1989. The number of counties with documented<i>/ dammini</i>ticks increased from four in 1985 to 22 in 1989. Incidence of the disease also increased within known endemic counties. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Tick surveillance indicated that the range of<i>/ dammini</i>has expanded annually into areas up to 384 km from the original known endemic areas of Long Island, NY, and Connecticut. Cumulative data from human surveillance resources document both temporal increases and geographic expansion of the Lyme disease epidemic in New York. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:1230-1236)
Colerectal (clinical)
Authors: Lj Persey', A Stangou2, M Rela2, N Heaton2, R Williams2, S Madhoo', J Buckels3, M Pepys', P Hawkins
Journal: Gut (1996)

The systemic amyloidoses are a group of progressive and usually fatal multi-organ diseases.We have developed 123I-serur amyloid P component (123I-SAP) as a specific nuclear medicine tracer with which
Viewing the Journal of the National Cancer Institute
Authors: Mearl F. Stanton M.D., Vivian J. Heston
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1974)

Levine et al. (National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Mary land) studied the elevated antibody levels to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated antigens in patients with infectious mononucleosis and lymphomas.Sera were collected from 21 families with multiple cases of cancer.Antibody levels to the EBV capsid antigen and early antigen were significantly higher in the 83 infected members of the multiple-case fami lies than in 144 normal controls.Antibody titers were higher in families in which the prominent tumor types were card i nomas, soft-tissue sarcomas and lymphomas.The authors suggested that the high antibody titers to viral capsid antigen and early antigen of EBV reflected abnormal responses re lated to familial susceptibility to cancer.After removal of benign fibroadenomas of the breast, Avis and associates (School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina) found that 10 women had cell-mediated immunity against cultured breast adeno carcinoma cells.The data pointed to the existence of a tissue specific antigen(s) absent from normal adult tissue but present in both benign and malignant breast tumors.The in vestigators hypothesized that there were several identical an tigens on the cell surface of adenocarcinomas and fibroade nomas of the human breast -Comparing the HL-A antigens in 103 Caucasian Hodg kin's disease patients with 459 controls, Graff et al. (Na tional Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland) reported that only AS antigens were significantly more frequent in the pa tient population, and this increase was related to histologic type.AS was increased in the mixed cellularity and lympho cyte-predominant subtypes.It was not elevated in patients with nodular sclerosis, but seemed related to clinical stage of the disease.Al, A8 and WI 8 were increased only in the mixed cellularity type.The clinical and pathologic pattern of Hodgkin's disease may be influenced by the HL-A pheno type of the host.Boetcher and Leonard (National Cancer Institute, Beth esda, Maryland) used the in vitro monocyte chemotactic
Studies on the Metabolism of Vinyl Chloride
Authors: H. Antweiler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Vinyl chloride (VCM) is not carcinogenic by itself, it is bioactivated to the highly reactive alkylating oxirane chloroethylene oxide. Further metabolism, apparently, leads via an interaction of the primary alkylating metabolites with glutathion to S-(2-carboxy-methyl)-cysteine and thiodiacetic acid which are eliminated with the urine. Up to now, it has not been ascertained whether the oxirane alone is the essential carcinogenic factor or whether other metabolites are also involved in carcinogenicity. Likewise, it is still unknown whether the metabolites excreted in the urine might be used as biological criteria for exposure to VCM, because these metabolites probably can originate from a series of substances other than VCM. This problem could stimulate investigations on the possible carcinogenic activity of these substances.
Clinical trials of the treatment of breast cancer in Britain and Ireland. Report by co-ordinating committee.
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Thirteen trials of systemic chemotherapy in early breast cancer were identified and protocols obtained. The differences in the latter prevented a true comparison of the results. In setting up any trial it is important to define the primary objectives and to include a statistician from the start. Only truly random allocation of patients is acceptable, while treatment programmes must be fully monitored. Other important aspects include review of the results by an independent member of the trial committee and keeping full, but simple, case records. Though any trial must be designed by a committee and not a single investigator, the individual clinician remains responsible for the patients under his care. To launch a controlled randomised trial without full preparation and guaranteed resources is in the best interests of neither patients nor doctors.
A LESSON IN MALARIA PREVENTION.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2889: Prediction of Cardiac Stability after Weaning from Left Ventricular Assist Devices in Patients with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Michael Dandel, Yuguo Weng, Henryk Siniawski, Evgenij Potapov, Thorsten Drews, Hans B Lehmkuhl, Christoph Knosalla, Roland Hetzer
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: The use of ventricular assist devices (VADs) as bridge to transplantation (Tx) has become a standard therapeutic option in end-stage heart failure (HF). During unloading clinical recovery which allows reliable weaning from VADs is possible. After 12 years of weaning experience, we searched for parameters that are predictive for post-weaning cardiac stability and thus helpful for future weaning decisions. Methods: With regard to potential prediction of weaning success we evaluated echocardiographic parameters obtained during final ``off pump” trials before VAD explantation, histological changes and serum anti-ß1-adrenoreceptor autoantibody disappearance during unloading, duration of mechanical support and duration of HF. Among 79 patients weaned since 3/1995, a homogenous group of 35 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) weaned from LVADs were selected for evaluation. Results: The 8-year post-weaning survival reached 78.1 ±8.2%. Freedom from HF recurrence at 4 years after weaning was 69.3 ±8.1%. Patients with post-weaning cardiac stability were younger, history of HF and recovery time during unloading shorter, LV short/long axis ratio lower (less spherical) and systolic wall motion velocity (measured by tissue Doppler) higher (p&lt; 0.05). For LVEF ≥ 45% at LV enddiastolic diameter (LVEDD) ≤ 55mm the positive predictive value for ≥ 4 years cardiac stability reached 90.5%. There was no HF recurrence during the first 4 years in patients with LVEF ≥ 45%, LVEDD ≤ 55% and history of HF &lt; 5 years. The time course of LVEF during the first 6 months also appeared predictive for long-term stability after weaning. History of HF &gt; 5 years showed a predictive value of 90% for HF recurrence during the first 3 years. Neither reduction in myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis nor serum anti-ß1-adrenoreceptor autoantibody disappearance during unloading appeared predictive for post-weaning stability. Conclusions: Off-pump LVEF and LVEDD, time course of LVEF during the first 6 months after weaning and duration of HF are predictive for the outcome after LVAD removal in IDCM patients. Patients’ age, altered LV geometry, low wall motion velocity and prolonged LVAD support until improvement (&gt; 6 months) appeared to be risk factors for HF recurrence.
Massive gastric hemorrhage in a neonate. Diagnosis and control by umbilical artery catheterization and intra-arterial vasopressin infusion
Authors: M. L. Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

MASSIVE upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage in the newborn, although rare, can be life threatening. We recently had the opportunity to diagnose and treat a 1-day-old infant with massive gastric hemorrhage by selective catheter placement and vasopressin infusion into the celiac axis through an umbilical artery catheter. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A full-term, 3.85-kg, female infant was born to a 32-year-old, gravida 5, para 3 woman. Spontaneous labor began 12 hours before birth and was augmented with intravenous oxytocin (Pitocin). Artificial rupture of the membranes two hours before delivery revealed meconiumstained fluid. The baby was delivered vaginally, and initial Apgar scores were 7 and 9 at one and five minutes, respectively. Approximately 15 minutes after birth, the infant developed tachypnea and respiratory distress suspected to be secondary to meconium aspiration. Attempts to intubate and suction the meconium met with no success. There was increasingly labored breathing and lethargy. The initial blood
Applications of Lewis acids for the efficient syntheses of diltiazem, cephems, and taxoids
Authors: Tomiki Hashiyama
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2000)

An efficient method is described for preparation of diltiazem hydrochloride (Herbesser®), a marketed calcium antagonist widely used for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. In the reaction of 2-nitrothiophenol (1) with trans-3-phenylglycidic esters (2) carrying various substituents on the benzene ring, both reactivity and stereoselectivity of the oxirane ring-opening of the glycidates were markedly influenced by the electronic nature of the substituents. As a result of our investigation on the catalytic effect of various Lewis acids in the reaction of 2a with 1, tin compounds were found to be effective catalysts for the cis-opening and readily produced the threo-nitro ester (3a-t), a key intermediate for the synthesis of diltiazem. Isolation of the crystalline complex from the reaction of 1 and SnCl4; and its efficient catalytic activity similar to that of SnCl4 suggests that the transition state involves co-coordination of tin derivatives both with 1 and the epoxy oxygen of 2a to result in highly specific cis-opening. We have also amplified this chemistry into other fields, leading to applications in the syntheses of cephem and taxoid templates. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 20, No. 6, 485–501, 2000
Integrin engagement regulates monocyte differentiation through the forkhead transcription factor Foxp1
Authors: Can Shi, Xiaobin Zhang, Zhiping Chen, Karina Sulaiman, Mark W. Feinberg, Christie M. Ballantyne, Mukesh K. Jain, Daniel I. Simon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

The precise signals responsible for differentiation of blood-borne monocytes into tissue macrophages are incompletely defined. "Outside-in" signaling by integrins has been implicated in modulation of gene expression that affects cellular differentiation. Herein, using differential display PCR, we have cloned an 85-kDa forkhead transcription factor (termed Mac-1–regulated forkhead [MFH] and found subsequently to be identical to Foxp1) that is downregulated in β2-integrin Mac-1–clustered compared with Mac-1–nonclustered monocytic THP-1 cells. MFH/Foxp1 is expressed in untreated HL60 cells, and its expression was markedly reduced during phorbol ester–induced monocyte differentiation, but not retinoic acid–induced granulocyte differentiation. Overexpression of MFH/Foxp1 markedly attenuated phorbol ester–induced expression of c-fms, which encodes the M-CSF receptor and is obligatory for macrophage differentiation. This was accompanied by decreased CD11b expression, cell adhesiveness, and phagocytosis. Using electromobility shift and reporter assays, we have established that MFH/Foxp1 binds to previously uncharacterized sites within the c-fms promoter and functions as a transcriptional repressor. Deficiency of Mac-1 is associated with altered regulation of MFH/Foxp1 and monocyte maturation in vivo. Taken together, these observations suggest that Mac-1 engagement orchestrates monocyte-differentiation signals by regulating the expression of the forkhead transcription repressor MFH/Foxp1. This represents a new pathway for integrin-dependent modulation of gene expression and control of cellular differentiation.
CAISSON DISEASE.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The extraordinary strides which have been made in science and in the arts during the last fifty years have developed ailments which practitioners of medicine previous to the last half century were entirely unfamiliar with, and one of the most interesting of these, from an etiologic and pathologic standpoint, is that condition which has, because of its causative factor, been named the "caisson disease." The great number of large engineering ventures has increased the opportunity for the study of this interesting condition, and in this country the most noteworthy studies which have been made concerning it have been those ofJaminet, who studied the condition of the workmen who were affected by this ailment during the building of the St. Louis bridge, and A. H.Smithof New York, who has carefully recorded the observations which he made upon a similar class of patients during the excavations which were made
Estrogenic Potential of Certain Pyrethroid Compounds in the MCF-7 Human Breast Carcinoma Cell Line
Authors: Vera Go, Joan Garey, Mary S. Wolff, Beatriz G. T. Pogo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Estrogens, whether natural or synthetic, clearly influence reproductive development, senescence, and carcinogenesis. Pyrethroid insecticides are now the most widely used agents for indoor pest control, providing potential for human exposure. Using the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line, we studied the estrogenic potential of several synthetic pyrethroid compounds in vitro using pS2 mRNA levels as the end point. We tested sumithrin, fenvalerate, d-trans allethrin, and permethrin. Nanomolar concentrations of either sumithrin or fenvalerate were sufficient to increase pS2 expression slightly above basal levels. At micromolar concentrations, these two pyrethroid compounds induced pS2 expression to levels comparable to those elicited by 10 nM 17ss-estradiol (fivefold). The estrogenic activity of sumithrin was abolished with co-treatment with an antiestrogen (ICI 164,384), whereas estrogenic activity of fenvalerate was not significantly diminished with antiestrogen co-treatment. In addition, both sumithrin and fenvalerate were able to induce cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a dose-response fashion. Neither permethrin nor d-trans allethrin affected pS2 expression. Permethrin had a noticeable effect on cell proliferation at 100 microM, whereas d-trans allethrin slightly induced MCF-7 cell proliferation at 10 microM, but was toxic at higher concentrations. Overall, our studies imply that each pyrethroid compound is unique in its ability to influence several cellular pathways. These findings suggest that pyrethroids should be considered to be hormone disruptors, and their potential to affect endocrine function in humans and wildlife should be investigated.
Hepatic biochemistry.
Authors: K S Henley
Journal: Gut (1967)

Hepatic biochemistryUntil the mid fifties the detailed study of intermediary metabolism in liver appeared to be remote from clinical medicine, and even from experimental pathology.This view was challenged by the observation that disease in visceral organs, notably liver and heart, was associated with striking changes in the activities of certain enzymes of intermediary metabolism in serum.Subsequently the specificity of these observations was increased by the demonstration that enzymes principally present in liver, such as glutamic pyruvic transaminase and glutamic dehydrogenase or, in muscle, such as creatine phosphokinase and aldolase, would show increased activity in serum as a consequence of injury to the parent organ.'These observations have formed the basis of the increasing role of enzymology in diagnosis, and in monitoring the course of treatment.The extension of these findings to the identification of specific lesions in the parent tissue has, however, proved to be unrewarding.This is due to the fact that enzyme activity in tissues is usually many hundredfold or thousandfold greater than in serum.Marked changes in the activity of the enzyme in serum may therefore occur with only minimal loss of activity in the parent tissue, even if the loss of enzyme from tissue, or the disease process itself, did not serve as a stimulus for enzyme synthesis.Given such a high activity of enzyme in tissues, particularly liver, it became feasible to develop assay methods for use on small samples provided by percutaneous liver biopsies.The most extensive survey of a large number of enzymes of intermediary metabolism in diseases of the liver have been carried out by Schmidt and Schmidt2 resulting in the establishment of enzyme patterns characteristic of many acute and chronic forms of liver disease.An increase in the tissue of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the enzyme initiating the pentose shunt pathway for the metabolism of glucose-6-phosphate, was found to be common to many forms of liver injury.Subsequently, Isselbacher and Jones3 demonstrated that in viral hepatitis of mice, and in experimental carbon tetrachloride poisoning, the amount of glucose-6-phosphate passing through the pentose shunt is indeed greater than in normal liver.
Medicine And Mankind. By<i>Benjamin P. Watson, M. D., Howard W. Haggard, M. D., Harlow Brooks, M. D., George Draper, M. D., Foster Kennedy, M. D., Elmer V. McCollum, Ph. D., and Alexis Carrel, M. D.</i>(New York and London: D. Appleton Century Co., 1936.)
Authors: C. B. F.
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1937)