tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Leek Soup
Authors: James F. Gardner
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Cecille first walked into my office dressed in blue stretch pants and a flowered blouse under a full-length camel's hair coat. Her graying, soft brown hair was cut Dutch-boy style. Everything about her suggested middle America except for a mink coif she wore regally. "I never expected to live this long," she said, after exchanging initial pleasantries. I was caught off-guard by her remark and laughed nervously for lack of any comeback. Her daughter, who had accompanied Cecille into the examination room, rolled her eyes as one does who has heard something countless times before. "Now, Mother. God's not ready for you yet," came the practiced reply. Cecille was born in 1900. She doesn't look a day over 65. Her slender records reveal only two medical problems: hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Her blood pressure is easily controlled with an ACE inhibitor, but her total cholesterol has never dipped below 300 mg/dL.
Treatment of bronchial asthma with cromolyn
Authors: M. H. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Cromolyn sodium (Intal [Britain]) is a new drug which is neither a bronchodilator nor a corticosteroid, but which possesses antiallergic properties which might make it useful for treatment of bronchial asthma. A number of reports in the British literature have indicated a favorable effect of this drug, but in many of the studies it was possible for the patient to have distinguished between drug and placebo. The present report summarizes the results of a randomized, doubleblind crossover trial of cromolyn in 17 patients with bronchial asthma in which it was impossible for the patients to know which of the two compounds was drug and which was placebo. For each patient, the physician judged whether or not either of the unknown compounds was of clinical value. This judgment was largely based on the patient's subjective response. The excess of preferences for active compound indicate a 95% probability that the drug was more effective than the placebo. Objective evidence of efficacy (ventilatory function) was not impressive, but it is concluded that this new drug has a beneficial effect on patients with bronchial asthma.
Central Nervous System Cancers
Authors: Steven S. Brem, Philip J. Bierman, Henry Brem, Nicholas Butowski, Marc C. Chamberlain, Ennio A. Chiocca, Lisa M. DeAngelis, Robert A. Fenstermaker, Allan Friedman, Mark R. Gilbert, Deneen Hesser, Larry Junck, Gerald P. Linette, Jay S. Loeffler, Moshe H. Maor, Madison Michael, Paul L. Moots, Tara Morrison, Maciej Mrugala, Louis Burt Nabors, Herbert B. Newton, Jana Portnow, Jeffrey J. Raizer, Lawrence Recht, Dennis C. Shrieve, Allen K. Sills, Frank D. Vrionis, Patrick Y. Wen
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2011)

In 2010, an estimated 22,020 new cases of primary brain and other nervous system neoplasms were diagnosed in the United States, 1 and approximately 13,140 deaths occurred from these tumors.The incidence of primary malignant brain tumors has been increasing over the past 30 years, especially in elderly persons. 2 Metastatic disease to the central nervous system (CNS) occurs much more frequently, with an estimated incidence approximately 10 times that of primary brain tumors.Between 20% and 40% of patients with systemic cancer will develop brain metastases.
The Amantadine Controversy
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Night Sweats
Authors: Sandra B. Raff
Journal: JAMA (1975)

A PATIENT had night sweats following an intracranial infection. The sweats were not accompanied by nocturia and were believed to be caused by recurrence of infection. The diagnosis of diabetes insipidus was subsequently established and the night sweats responded to injections of pitressin. The absence of nocturia was attributable to dilatation of the urinary collecting system. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 10-year-old boy was admitted to Long Island Jewish Hospital complaining of lethargy, visual hallucinations, and neck pain. He was transferred to New York University Hospital because of decreasing sensorium. On arrival, he had low-grade fever, lack of response to painful stimuli, generalized lymphadenopathy, and signs of cerebral dysfunction (right greater than left) with no papilledema. The cerebrospinal fluid was lymphocytic, with no organisms seen on microscopic examination. There was moderate peripheral leukocytosis, but cultures of all blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid specimens were normal. Carotid angiography was compatible with
Law, Medicine and Minors
Authors: Donald Hayes Russell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

PARENTS are responsible for the health and life of their immature minor children. This responsibility entails the recognition of the need for medical care, the seeking of appropriate services, the weighing of risks and the giving of proper consent. A certain breadth of limits is to be expected in the exercise of these parental rights, in consideration of variations of the socioeconomic status, moral and religious convictions and mentality of the cross-section of parents in a free society. When such limits appear to be exceeded to the extent of serious neglect of the child's health, or danger to his life, . . .
Skin immunofluorescence in infective endocarditis
Authors: M. B. Lowenstein
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Immunofluorescent microscopy was performed on the clinically normal skin of 3 patients with infective endocarditis, 3 patients with bacteremia, and 6 normal subjects. Perivascular deposition of immunoglobulin and complement was demonstrated in two of the three patients with infective endocarditis and in none of the bacteremic or control subjects. (<i>JAMA</i>238:1163-1165, 1977)
Changing our microbiome: probiotics in dermatology
Authors: Y. Yu, S. Dunaway, J. Champer, J. Kim, A. Alikhan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

The body is host to a vast range of microorganisms and this diversity of microorganisms is known as the microbiome. The human microbiome is collectively composed of resident bacteria, fungi, viruses, and small arthropods that live in and on our bodies. This microbiome is important to human health and disease, including in dermatology. Research has shown that probiotics, or live microorganisms, can help restore a healthy microbiome and may give us health benefits. This review evaluates the role of the microbiome in dermatology, and presents the clinical data supporting the use of probiotics for skin diseases, including oral probiotics that are ingested and topical probiotics that are directly applied to the skin. Different types of studies were included, such as basic science, translational research and clinical studies, which investigated the differences in the skin microbiome and the impact of probiotics in patients with eczema, acne, psoriasis, chronic wounds, dandruff, and certain types of skin cancer. The authors found that only a few clinical trials explored the usefulness of probiotics for skin diseases, except for eczema, which is well‐studied. Most studies utilized oral probiotics, though those investigating topical probiotics are increasing in frequency. In general, the available clinical trials yielded positive results with improvement of the skin conditions after probiotic use. The authors found that probiotics appear to be effective for the treatment of certain inflammatory skin diseases including eczema and acne. They also demonstrate a promising role in wound healing and skin cancer. However, more studies are needed to further investigate possible uses of probiotics for skin disease. This summary relates to the study: Changing our microbiome: probiotics in dermatology
European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines 2021: post-resuscitation care
Authors: Jerry P. Nolan, Claudio Sandroni, Bernd W. Böttiger, Alain Cariou, Tobias Cronberg, Hans Friberg, Cornelia Genbrugge, Kirstie Haywood, Gisela Lilja, Véronique R. M. Moulaert, Nikolaos Nikolaou, Theresa Mariero Olasveengen, Markus B. Skrifvars, Fabio Taccone, Jasmeet Soar
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2021)
THU0514 Thyroxin Substitution and the Risk of Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis; Results from the Swedish Population-Based Eira Study
Authors: C. Bengtsson, L. Padyukov, H. Källberg, S. Saevarsdottir
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Hypothyroidism is usually, in iodine-repleted areas, of autoimmune nature and leads to chronic thyroxin substitution. It shares some risk factors with anti-citrullinated-peptide antibodies (ACPA) positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <sup>1,2</sup> <h3>Objectives</h3> We asked whether thyroxin substitution associated with risk of ACPA-positive or ACPA-negative RA, and whether interactions with established risk factors were present. <h3>Methods</h3> Data from a population-based case-control study with incident RA cases was analysed (1998 adult cases, 2252 controls). Individuals reporting thyroxin substitution were compared with those without thyroxin, by calculating odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), excluding participants reporting non-autoimmune causes for thyroxin substitution (thyroid cancer, iodine-containing drugs). Interaction was evaluated by attributable proportion (AP) with 95% CI. <h3>Results</h3> Thyroxin substitution was associated with a twofold risk of both ACPA-positive (OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.4-2.6) and ACPA-negative RA (OR=2.1, 95% CI 1.5-3.1). For ACPA-positive RA, the risk associated with the combination thyroxin+ HLA-DRB1 shared epitope alleles (SE) was much higher (OR=11.8, 95% CI 6.9-20.0) than for thyroxin (OR=1.4, 95% CI 0.7-3.0) or SE (OR=5.7, 95% CI 4.6-6.9) alone, indicating a strong interaction (AP=0.5, 95% CI 0.2-0.8). Thyroxin substitution interacted non-significantly with smoking (AP=0.4, 95% CI 0.0-0.7; OR thyroxin+smoking=3.6, thyroxin.5, smoking.8). Thyroxin did not interact with the PTPN22*R620W allele. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Thyroxin users had a doubled risk of both ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative RA. The risk of ACPA-positive RA was manifold if they smoked or carried the SE. Furthermore, although joint symptoms can be a manifestation of hypothyroidism, physicians might consider whether it could be an early RA. <h3>References</h3> Tomer Y, Huber A: The etiology of autoimmune thyroid disease: a story of genes and environment. Journal of autoimmunity 2009;32:231-239. Klareskog L, Catrina AI, Paget S: Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 2009;373:659-672. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> We express our sincere gratitude to Prof. Lars Alfredsson and Prof. Lars Klareskog, the principal investigators and founders of the EIRA study. We thank all participating controls and patients with RA, and the EIRA study group who recruited patients for EIRA along with their collaborating clinicians and nurses. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Vascular acetylcholine response during chronic NO synthase inhibition: in vivo versus in vitro
Authors: A Zanchi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the response to NO-mediated vasodilators in vivo and in vitro during chronic NO synthase inhibition.Methds: NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME, 0.4 g/l) or vehicle was administered in the drinking water for 6 weeks to male Wistar rats weighing 220-240 g.The effect of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside was examined in vivo, on systemic blood pressure and heart rate and in vitro, on the precontracted isolated mesenteric artery.The in vivo response to both vasodilators was examined in awake rats monitored by an indwelling catheter in the femoral artery.Isolated segments of the third-generation mesenteric artery were examined in vitro with a Mulvany dual myograph after precontraction with noradrenaline.Resultsr In isolated mesenteric arteries obtained from rats chronically treated with L-NAME, the initial relaxant response to acetylcholine was significantly decmased whereas that to sodium nitroprusside was enhanced.A late acetylcholine-induced contractile response was present and abolished by indomethacin.In vivo, the hypotensive action of sodium nitroprusside was also enhanced in the L-NAME-treated rats.Acetylcholine reduced blood pressure in the L-NAME-treated hypertensive animals more than in normotensive controls, but less than in control rats infused intravenously with noradrenaline at a dose increasing their blood pressure to hypertensive levels.Conclusions: The NO-mediated vasodilation induced by acetylcholine is attenuated during chronic NO synthase inhibition, both in vivo and in vitro.The blunted hypotensive response to acetylcholine can be demonstrated only if blood pressure of control rats is acutely increased to hypertensive levels.
Haptoglobin and hemolytic disease
Authors: J. Fehr
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> "Therapeutic Talk" by John P. Callan, MD (1980;244:2202), sorely missed defining true communication, which has two distinct components: listening and responding, not merely talking to a patient. As a hospital-based oncology counselor, a major part of my role is to facilitate communication between the physician and his patient. From the time of diagnosis through rehabilitation or death, the physician and others on the treatment team who are truly able to communicate with the patient and his family enhance the treatment process immeasurably. The physician who is able to "hear" the spoken and unspoken fears regarding a disease as threatening as cancer and to respond in a realistic, yet supportive manner may at times be offering the most potent tool in his medicine chest. He is not the physician who takes a defensive posture, who distances himself from the patient to "retain his effectiveness," who does not
Are the dangers of childhood food allergy exaggerated?
Journal: BMJ (2006)

For and againstAre the dangers of childhood food allergy exaggerated?The numbers of deaths from food allergy are small and not all are preventable.Allan Colver believes that the increasing prescription of emergency prophylaxis to children fuels anxiety rather than saving lives, but Jonathan Hourihane argues that there are no data to show that prescription of autoinjectors increases anxiety and their provision, as part of an integrated care plan, is justified *Proportional correction; paper reports ages 1-20.
Obstructing prostatic calculi in a eunuch
Authors: D. S. Dahl
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Fifty years after surgical castration, an elderly man developed bladder outlet obstruction due to massive prostatic calculi. The composition of the calculi was characteristic of prostatic concretions which form in normal men. This case questions those theories which attribute prostatic calculi to precipitation of the salts contained in testosterone-stimulated prostatic secretions.
<i>Announcement</i>: World Arthritis Day 2017
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

is World Arthritis Day (http://www.worldarthritisday.org).First observed in 1996, World Arthritis Day serves as a focus for organizations and individuals to work toward increasing awareness of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions worldwide.In the United States, 54 million adults (1) have some form of arthritis or other rheumatic condition.By 2040, the number of adults with arthritis is projected to increase 49% to 78.4 million, and the number of adults with arthritis-attributable activity limitation will increase 52%, from 23 million to 34.6 million (2).The theme of this year's World Arthritis Day is "Don't delay.Connect today."Early diagnosis and professionally guided management is important for maintaining a good quality of life, particularly for persons with inflammatory arthritis.There are four other things that persons with arthritis can do to help manage their arthritis: 1) learn arthritis management strategies, 2) be physically active, 3) maintain a healthy weight, and 4) protect their joints.Self-management education programs help persons with arthritis learn the strategies and gain the confidence to manage their condition, and improve pain control and function.Physical activity decreases pain, improves function, and delays disability; low impact, moderate intensity activities such as walking, cycling, water exercise, and fitness classes are safe and effective for persons with arthritis.Maintaining a healthy weight can limit disease progression and activity limitation, and avoiding joint injuries from sports or occupation can reduce the likelihood of developing osteoarthritis.
Abstract 1933: Tissue print Vmem imaging: Visualizing bioelectric signatures in cancer
Authors: Dany S. Adams, Brian H. Tracey, Larry Takiff, James Kearns, Stephen P. Naber, Sandra M. Gaston
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Work in models of embryonic development shows that membrane voltage, or resting potential (Vmem), regulates cell behaviors that are disrupted in cancer, including proliferation, migration, apoptosis, homeostasis, and cell-cell signaling. Normal cells and tissues maintain stereotypical patterns of Vmem and these patterns are recognizable in Vmem Imaging as bioelectric signatures. In embryonic tissues, cells that are relatively undifferentiated are usually less negative (depolarized) than fully differentiated cells, and different cell lineages have characteristic bioelectric signatures. Recently, the development of innovative imaging technologies using Voltage Sensitive Dyes (VSDs) allows the visualization of Vmem in living cells and tissues. In culture, Vmem Imaging using VSDs can readily differentiate between sister breast cancer cell lines of low and high metastatic potential (EpH4 and EpH4.2, respectively). Although the cultures are identical in bright field images, Vmem Imaging shows a dramatically more heterogeneous bioelectric signature for EpH4.2 than for EpH4 cells, consistent with reduced gap junctional communication. One of the challenges of Vmem Imaging has been the limited thickness of tissue that can be analyzed using the VSDs (about 50 microns). To overcome this limitation, we have combined innovative Tissue Print technologies with Vmem Imaging in order to visualize patterns of electric potential in living cancer cells obtained from human surgical specimens. Tissue Prints are touch preps that transfer a thin layer of viable cells to a nitrocellulose membrane as an oriented imprint; biomarkers identified on these tissues prints can be mapped back to the source tissue to establish pathology and gene expression correlations. Tissue Print Vmem Imaging of radical prostatectomy specimens shows differentiation of bioelectric signatures between cancer and adjacent benign tissue and between cancer of different grades (Gleason pattern 3 and pattern 4). Such differences in bioelectric signatures represent unexplored cancer phenotypes that are made accessible by Tissue Print Vmem Imaging technologies. Citation Format: Dany S. Adams, Brian H. Tracey, Larry Takiff, James Kearns, Stephen P. Naber, Sandra M. Gaston. Tissue print Vmem imaging: Visualizing bioelectric signatures in cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1933.
Benchmarking the Physician Workforce
Authors: Edward S. Sekscenski
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Goodman and colleagues<sup>1</sup>should be commended for their sound methodological approach in delineating wide regional variations in physician supply. As Dr Schroeder<sup>2</sup>points out in his accompanying Editorial, population benchmarking exposes a stark 3.5-fold difference between highest and lowest levels of per capita generalists and 2.75-fold difference among specialists. These significant discordances in resource allocation have implications regarding cost and efficacy of medical services delivery. However, we take issue with the authors' position that benchmarking is an alternative to needs-based or demand-based workforce planning. Rather, benchmarking should be used as one of several tools within an overall framework for analyzing physician specialty supply and requirements. Although Goodman et al identify current overages and shortages in regional markets, their analysis does not offer the policymaker levers with which to make desired changes. Other workforce planning tools allow for modifications in projected utilization and clinician productivity,<sup>3</sup>incorporation of
Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: Murray E. Pendleton, John Figgis Jewett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

COMMITTEE ON MATERNAL WELFAREFetal Death Due to Pulmonary Hemorrhage Associated with Erythroblastosis Fetalis WITH KeRNICTERUSA thirty-three-year-old Rh-negative gravida 3, para 2, whose husband was Rh positive, probably homozygous, had shown no anti-Rh titer in either of her previous pregnancies, which were uncomplicated. A titer determination was planned for thirty-six weeks in the present pregnancy, but spontaneous rupture of the membranes occurred at thirty-five weeks, with a "minor degree of placental separation." An uneventful four-hour labor followed, with lowforceps delivery, under spinal anesthesia, of a male infant weighing 2 kg. (4 pounds, 7 ounces). On examination at the age . . .
Teaching peer review
Authors: P. Peterson
Journal: JAMA (1973)

In recent years there has been increased interest in peer review as a method of maintaining a high quality of patient care. There has also been a twofold assumption that physicians willingly accept peer review and are able to perform a review immediately on completion of a residency program. I believe this assumption has basic weaknesses, and that for peer review to be effective, it is necessary to<i>teach</i>the review process to medical students and members of the house staff. <h3>Observations</h3> The medical audit is a retrospective examination of the clinical application of our medical knowledge. The audit should be an educational process, the result of which may be to alter the physician's medical behavior. In this way, the level of medical care in an institution or a community can be continuously reviewed and improved. When the audit is performed by practicing physicians and includes an evaluation of the