tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of cocaine on uterine blood flow and fetal oxygenation
Authors: J. R. Woods
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Five pregnant ewes and their singleton fetuses were instrumented at 115 to 120 days' gestation (term, 145 days) for heart rate, blood pressure, uterine blood flow, and arterial blood gas sampling. In separate studies, cocaine was given to the ewe or fetus as a 0.5-, 1.0-, or 2.0-mg/kg intravenous bolus, and cardiovascular and arterial blood gas values were obtained for 60 minutes after the injection. The results showed that maternal administration of cocaine produced dose-dependent increases in maternal blood pressure and decreases in uterine blood flow. Uterine vascular resistance increased by 52%, 96%, and 168%, respectively. These responses were accompanied by marked fetal hypoxemia, hypertension, and tachycardia. Direct cocaine administration to the fetus produced smaller increases in fetal heart rate and blood pressure than those observed following maternal cocaine injection, and no significant changes in fetal arterial blood gas values. The conclusions are (1) cocaine alters fetal oxygenation by reducing uterine blood flow and impairing oxygen transfer to the fetus; and (2) fetal cardiovascular changes to maternal administration of cocaine may reflect fetal hypoxemia, increased fetal levels of cocaine or fetal catecholamines, or a combination of these events. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:957-961)
Effects of hormone therapy on bone mineral density: results from the postmenopausal estrogen/progestin interventions (PEPI) trial. The Writing Group for the PEPI
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To assess the effects of hormone therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) in the spine and hip of postmenopausal women.A 3-year, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.A total of 875 healthy women aged 45 to 64 years recruited at 7 clinical centers.Treatments were (1) placebo; (2) conjugated equine estrogens (CEE), 0.625 mg/d; (3) CEE, 0.625 mg/d plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), 10 mg/d for 12 d/mo; (4) CEE, 0.625 mg/d plus MPA, 2.5 mg/d daily; or (5) CEE, 0.625 mg/d plus micronized progesterone (MP), 200 mg/d for 12 d/mo.Bone mineral density at baseline, 12 months, and 36 months.Participants assigned to the placebo group lost an average of 1.8% of spine BMD and 1.7% of hip BMD by the 36-month visit, while those assigned to active regimens gained BMD at both sites, ranging from 3.5% to 5.0% mean total increases in spinal BMD and a mean total increase of 1.7% of BMD in the hip. Changes in BMD for women assigned to active regimens were significantly greater than those assigned to placebo. Women assigned to CEE plus continuous MPA had significantly greater increases in spinal BMD (increase of 5%) than those assigned to the other 3 active regimens (average increase, 3.8%). Findings were similar among those adhering to assigned therapy, although, among adherent participants, there were no significant differences in BMD changes among the 4 active treatment groups. Older women, women with low initial BMD, and those with no previous hormone use gained significantly more bone than younger women, women with higher initial BMD, and those who had used hormones previously.Postmenopausal women assigned to placebo demonstrated decreased BMD at the spine and hip, whereas women assigned to estrogen therapy increased BMD during a 36-month period. These findings demonstrate that estrogen replacement therapy increases BMD at clinically important sites.
Omitted Conflict of Interest Disclosures
Authors: Ankur Gupta, Clyde Yancy, Gregg Fonarow
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2018)

were 72 814 patients from 119 hospitals who were continuously enrolled during the study period.Further, only the first hospitalization of a given patient was counted as the index hospitalization; any subsequent hospitalizations were considered readmissions.In addition, many index hospitalizations were excluded if patients were younger than 65 years, there was no link between our data and fee-for-service Medicare data, or there was an inhospital death during the index hospitalization, among others, as detailed in eFigure 1 in the article's Supplement. 1 For these reasons, the article's crude estimate of the number of HF hospitalizations per month that each participating hospital may have contributed to the GWTG-HF registry is inaccurate.The results from continuously participating hospital sites were consistent with the overall study population and showed a greater increase in the hazard of 30-day mortality after vs before the HRRP.Although hospital-level analysis may provide some insights, it is not valid to assess the effect of the HRRP on either readmission or mortality rates by focusing exclusively on hospitals where readmissions declined or analyzing over a limited period of time (monthly intervals in the JAMA publication 2 ).This is a critical issue because the influence of the HRRP was universal; thus, its consequences must be evaluated across the entire ecology.Hospital-level analyses using a single correlation coefficient are subject to ecological fallacy.The findings of harm at the patient level may result from a greater number of patients served at hospitals where readmissions declined but mortality rates increased.Further, harm at the patient level may have also resulted from hospitals where misguided attempts to reduce readmissions through restrictions on care and access failed to reduce readmissions but caused increased mortality rates.This question of harm is further amplified by the disproportionate effect of financial penalties applied to the most vulnerable hospitals and patients.The approach to policy evaluation that our report took by using aggregate patient-level analyses is much more relevant and patient-centric. 1 Krumholz et al suggest that the 1.3% increase in 30-day mortality and approximately 2.2% increase in 90-day mortality in patients with HF after HRRP in their study is modest. 2We take exception to this description, as the differences found may represent 5000 to 10 000 extra premature deaths per year, an unprecedented degree of possible harm resulting from an untested health care policy leading to consequences that are anything but modest.Our analyses are not in isolation.There are now multiple studies 1-3 demonstrating that implementation of the HRRP was associated with a substantial and worrisome increase in mortality rates in patients hospitalized with HF.A healthy debate over methods is appropriate but should not be allowed to overshadow the immediate need to revisit this policy and reach a new version that addresses health care resource utilization while also putting patients first.
Radium-223 with concomitant bone-targeting agents in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients treated in an international early access program (EAP)
Authors: G. Paganelli, G. Procopio, M. Cabria, E. Cortesi, M. Tucci, A. Farnesi, L. Mango, S. Baldari, A. Hamzaj, O. Caffo, P. Marchetti, F. Dalla Pozza, P. Zucali, R. Barsanti, F. Saad
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
GREAT BRITAIN'S DRINK BILL.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE PLAGUE OF RATS.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ECONOMIC VALUATION OF VISION.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Other JNCI Monographs Available
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Other JNCI Monographs Available Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 62, Issue 4, April 1979, Page 1117, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/62.4.1117-d Published: 01 April 1979
Gabriel Gustav Valentin (1810-1883) Bern Physiologist
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy
Authors: Brendan K. MacDougall
Journal: JAMA (1979)

IMMUNOBLASTIC lymphadenopathy, first described by Lukes and Tindle<sup>1</sup>in 1973, is characterized by fevers, sweats, weight loss, rash, pruritus, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. Other features include hypergammaglobulinemia, hemolytic anemia, positive Coomb's reaction, and a history of drug hypersensitivity. We recently saw a patient with a ten-month history of recurrent fever of unknown origin in whom multiple cultures, lymph node biopsy specimens, and a laparotomy were initially nondiagnostic. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 36-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital on April 6, 1975, with a one-week history of fever, shortness of breath, and general malaise. She was acutely dyspneic and febrile (39 °C) and had bibasilar rales but no lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, or skin rash. Her hemoglobin level was 12 g/dl, and her WBC count was 9,500/cu mm, with 91% polymorphonuclear leukocytes, 7% lymphocytes, and 2% eosinophils. The liver enzyme levels were normal. The initial chest roentgenogram showed a moderately
Absurd environmentalism
Authors: Douglas K. Detterman, Lynne T. Gabriel, Joanne M. Ruthsatz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

The position advocated in the target article should be called “absurd environmentalism.” Literature showing that general intelligence is related to musical ability is not cited. Also ignored is the heritability of musical talent. Retrospective studies supporting practice over talent are incapable of showing differences in talent, because subjects are self-selected on talent. Reasons for the popularity of absurd environmentalism are discussed.
THE ETIOLOGY OF ACUTE MENINGITIS.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
National Cancer Institute Monographs Available From Government Printing Office
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

Journal Article National Cancer Institute Monographs Available From Government Printing Office Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 29, Issue 6, December 1962, Page 1197, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/29.6.1197 Published: 01 December 1962
Rural dispensing.
Authors: D M Shepherd
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Effects of Antibiotics on Oestrogen Metabolism SIR,-Ampicillin,1 phenoxymethylpenicillin,2 and neomycin3 have been shown to decrease urinary oestriol output in normal human pregnancy.We have explored this matter further by employing a new gas chromatographic method4 which enables the four known urinary oestriol conjugates to be measured separately.Six healthy mothers 33-37 weeks pregnant were given 0 5 g of ampicillin orally four tines daily on three successive days.The mean urinary oestriol output decreased to an average of 69% of the pretreatment level on the second, third, and fourth days after starting the ampicillin treatment.The results indicate that the diminished excretion of one conjugate, oestriol-3-glucuronide, accounted for approximately 90% of this decrease.Oestriol-3-glucuronide is formed in the in- testinal mucosal cells5 6 and its formation is dependent on the reabsorption of biliary oestriol in the intestinal tract.Thus ampicillin interferes with the enterohepatic circula- tion of oestrogens, impairing the synthesis of oestriol-3-glucuronide.The antibiotic probably exerts its effect by changing the composition of the intestinal microflora.It is of interest that another antibiotic, rifampicin, causes contraceptive failures when given to women taking oral contraceptives (Breuer, personal communication).Thus administra- tion of antibiotics may cause unexpected complications through their effect on oestro- gen metabolismn.-Weare, etc.,
Instability of dinucleotide repeats in Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Z. Mark, A. Toren, N. Amariglio, G. Schiby, F. Brok‐Simoni, G. Rechavi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Tumorigenesis has been shown to proceed through a series of genetic alterations involving protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. However, the investigation of genomic instability of microsatellites has disclosed a new mechanism for human carcinogenesis, which is involved not only in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) but in a number of other malignancies as well. To determine whether microsatellite instability is involved in Hodgkin's disease, we screened 16 such tumors using 7 microsatellite marker loci on 6 chromosome arms 4, 5, 9p, 9q, 11, 14, and 17. Using the polymerase chain reaction method, DNA samples from the tumors and from normal peripheral blood leukocytes from each patient were compared for the allelic pattern produced at each locus. Five cases of genomic instability were identified, suggesting that this mechanism is relevant to the pathogenesis of HD. Am. J. Hematol. 57:148–152, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Discovering the Full Spectrum of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Ivor J. Benjamin, Donna K. Arnett, Joseph Loscalzo
Journal: Circulation (2005)

D espite considerable overall improvement in the clinical prevalence and outcome of cardiovascular disease in the US population during the past 50 years, striking disparities in disease burden plague specific racial/ethnic subgroups.Black patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in particular have increased morbidity and mortality as compared with white patients.For example, a black man between 45 and 65 years old is 4 times more likely to have a stroke than his white counterpart.Even when accounting for access to high-quality health care, ethnic minorities bear a higher burden of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension as compared with whites.The mechanisms for these disparities remain incompletely understood but likely include a combination of genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors.If recent advances in basic science are to be exploited to reduce disparities in cardiovascular health care, then the emerging disciplines in human genetics, biological sciences, and molecular medicine are likely to afford us unprecedented opportunities for deciphering the complex mechanisms involving race/ethnicity, genetic differentiation, allele frequency disparities, and gene-environment interactions.
SHOCK
Authors: GEORGE W. CRILE
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The theory of shock so ably advocated by my gifted friend Professor Henderson and my theory may in many important respects be harmonized. It seems best, however, to leave that to the future and to proceed at once to the presentation of the summaries of a long series of experiments and clinical observations in support of the kinetic theory which I have proposed elsewhere. This theory is called the kinetic theory because it is based on the phenomena and the consequences of the transformation of latent energy into kinetic energy as an adaptive response to environmental stimuli. In this paper, therefore, I shall discuss the pathology of traumatic shock; of emotional shock; of toxic and foreign proteid shock; and of drug shock. These several forms of shock will be considered in their acute and in their chronic stages and certain probable relations will be indicated between the several forms of
Proceedings of the Nebraska State Medical Society.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Microalbuminuria.
Authors: P. H. Winocour
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Yet preventing this group from seeing and being influenced by advertising, which is theoretically directed at an adult audience, is impossible.In effect, a product that cannot legally be sold to a particular sector of the population is being advertised to it.On legal, moral, and health grounds the case for a ban therefore seems overwhelming.If the British government votes against a ban next week, ignoring its advisers and temporarily forgetting the contents of The Health of the Nation, it will be doing so in the face of widespread opposition to cigarette advertising.Two thirds of British adults favour a ban.'4So do a similar proportion of children.8