tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intrapatient comparison of atopic dermatitis skin transcriptome shows differences between tape‐strips and biopsies
Authors: Ester Del Duca, Helen He, Ying Liu, Angel D. Pagan, Eden David, Julia Cheng, Britta Carroll, Yael Renert‐Yuval, Jonathan Bar, Yeriel D. Estrada, Catherine Maari, Etienne Saint‐Cyr Proulx, James G. Krueger, Robert Bissonnette, Emma Guttman‐Yassky
Journal: Allergy (2023)

Abstract Background Our knowledge of etiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is largely derived from skin biopsies, which are associated with pain, scarring and infection. In contrast, tape‐stripping is a minimally invasive, nonscarring technique to collect skin samples. Methods To construct a global AD skin transcriptomic profile comparing tape‐strips to whole‐skin biopsies, we performed RNA‐seq on tape‐strips and biopsies taken from the lesional skin of 20 moderate‐to‐severe AD patients and the skin of 20 controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were defined by fold‐change (FCH) ≥2.0 and false discovery rate &lt;0.05. Results We detected 4104 (2513 Up; 1591 Down) and 1273 (546 Up; 727 Down) DEGs in AD versus controls, in tape‐strips and biopsies, respectively. Although both techniques captured dysregulation of key immune genes, tape‐strips showed higher FCHs for innate immunity (IL‐1B, IL‐8), dendritic cell (ITGAX/CD11C, FCER1A), Th2 (IL‐13, CCL17, TNFRSF4/OX40), and Th17 (CCL20, CXCL1) products, while biopsies showed higher upregulation of Th22 associated genes (IL‐22, S100As) and dermal cytokines (IFN‐γ, CCL26). Itch‐related genes (IL‐31, TRPV3) were preferentially captured by tape‐strips. Epidermal barrier abnormalities were detected in both techniques, with terminal differentiation defects (FLG2, PSORS1C2) better represented by tape‐strips and epidermal hyperplasia changes (KRT16, MKI67) better detected by biopsies. Conclusions Tape‐strips and biopsies capture overlapping but distinct features of the AD molecular signature, suggesting their respective utility for monitoring specific AD‐related immune, itch, and barrier abnormalities in clinical trials and longitudinal studies.
The role of aspirin versus low-molecular-weight heparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Jiahao Meng, Weijie Liu, Yifan Xiao, Hang Tang, Yumei Wu, Shuguang Gao
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

There is a debate over the use of aspirin after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of aspirin after TKA, the authors performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared aspirin with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH).PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were last searched on 31 January 2023 for studies comparing the effect of VTE prophylaxis between aspirin and LMWH. The results of eligible studies were analyzed in terms of VTE, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and bleeding complications rates.Six randomized controlled trials including 6772 patients met the inclusion criteria. LMWH showed a statistically significant reduction in the overall VTE rate (RR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.16-1.84). No significant differences in deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and bleeding complications rates were found between aspirin and LMWH.Compared with LMWH, aspirin presents a higher risk of VTE after TKA. In terms of safety, aspirin and LMWH show comparable outcomes. The results do not support the role of aspirin role as an anticoagulant for preventing VTE after TKA.
A commentary on ‘A retrospective study: does cigarette smoking induce cervical disc degeneration?’
Authors: Xiang Zhang, Zhuoze Li, Hao Liu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu 610041, China Xiang Zhang, Zhuoze Li Authors are contributed equally to this manuscript. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding Author. Address: Sichuan University West China Hospital, China. E-mail address: [email protected] (H. Liu). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy versus transarterial chemoembolization, potential conversion therapies for single huge hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective comparison study
Authors: Min Deng, Hao Cai, Benyi He, Renguo Guan, Carol Lee, Rongping Guo
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: The treatment efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) for huge single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully documented. The aim of this study was to compare TACE and HAIC for patients with solitary nodular HCCs ≥10 cm without vascular invasion and metastasis. Methods: From July 2015 to June 2020, a total of 147 patients with single nodular HCC ≥10 cm without vascular invasion and metastasis receiving TACE (n=77) or HAIC (n=70) were retrospectively enrolled. The tumor response, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were investigated and compared. The treatment outcome of 2 transarterial interventional therapies was explored. Results: The objective response rate and PFS were higher in patients who received HAIC than in those who received TACE (44.3% vs. 10.4% and 8.9 vs. 4.2 mo, respectively; P =0.001 and P =0.030), whereas the disease control rate and OS were not significantly different (92.9% vs. 84.4% and 21.3 vs. 26.6 mo, respectively; P =0.798 and P =0.749). The decreased levels of alpha‐fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) in patients treated with HAIC were significantly higher than those treated with TACE ( P =0.038 and P &lt;0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that the aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index was associated with OS, whereas albumin-bilirubin grade and PIVKA-II were associated with PFS. Conclusions: HAIC has better potential than TACE to control local tumors for huge single HCC without vascular invasion and metastasis and thus may be the preferred conversion therapy for these tumors.
The Ethics of Ectogestative Technology—Telling Science from Science Fiction
Authors: Seppe Segers, Dorian Accoe
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Association of Neighborhood-Level Environmental Injustice With Health Status in the US
Authors: Vishal R. Patel, Tarun Jella, Arjun Gupta, Ariann Nassel, Andrew Ibrahim, S.M. Qasim Hussaini
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

This cross-sectional study uses the Environmental Justice Index to assess the association between environmental injustice and health status at the neighborhood level.
Lifestyle Factors in the Association of Shift Work and Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Minzhi Xu, Xiaoxv Yin, Yanhong Gong
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

IMPORTANCE Shift work may lead to adverse health outcomes. Whether shift work is associated with depression and anxiety, and to what extent lifestyle mediates the associations, remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To explore the associations of shift work, its type, frequency, and working years with anxiety and depression and to examine the potential mediating role of lifestyles. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included 175 543 employed or self-employed workers who participated in the UK Biobank baseline survey (2006-2010). Data analysis was conducted from November 2022 to January 2023. EXPOSURES Employment and shift work status information was obtained from baseline. Lifestyles included smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, dietary characteristics, sleep duration, sedentary time, and body mass index (BMI). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Depression and anxiety were identified based on electronic health records. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate the association of shift work with anxiety and depression, and cause mediation analyses we used to test the mediating role of lifestyle factors in this association. RESULTS Of the 175 543 included participants (mean [SD] age, 52.6 [7.1] years; 88 290 men [50.3%]; 167 495 White participants [95.4%]), 27 637 participants (16.2%) reported shift work. During a median (IQR) follow-up of 9.06 (8.35-9.75) years, 3956 workers (2.3%) developed depression and 2838 (1.7%) developed anxiety. In the fully adjusted model, individuals who reported engaging in shift work, or shift workers, had a higher risk of depression (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.12-1.33; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) and anxiety (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.04-1.28; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), and the risk was positively associated with shift frequency. Among shift workers, there was no significant difference between night shifts and nonnight shifts. In the dose-association analyses, years of shift work were negatively associated with the risk of depression and anxiety. Smoking, sedentary time, BMI, and sleep duration were identified as the main potentially modifiable mediators. These mediators together explained 31.3% of the association between shift work and depression and 21.2% of the association between shift work and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, shift work was significantly associated with a higher risk of depression and anxiety, and lifestyle factors partially mediated the associations. These findings not only support that shift work should be considered an occupational hazard, but also provide evidence for the urgent need for the development of public health interventions that promote healthy lifestyles aimed at improving the mental health of shift workers.
Ending Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics Faculty Requirement for Pediatric Residency Programs—Desperate Times Do Not Justify Desperate Actions
Authors: Tanya E. Froehlich, Adiaha Spinks-Franklin, Dimitri A. Christakis
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

This Viewpoint discusses the issues at stake and potential adverse consequences of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medial Education’s proposal to remove the requirement for pediatric training programs to have board-certified developmental-behavioral pediatrician faculty members.
Impact of immunosuppression level on liver allograft fibrosis after pediatric liver transplantation: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yi-Zhou Jiang, Xin-Yan Zhao, Guang-Peng Zhou, Lin Wei, Wei Qu, Zhi-Gui Zeng, Shan-Shan Wu, Hai-Ming Zhang, Ying Liu, Yu-Le Tan, Jun Wang, Zhi-Jun Zhu, Li-Ying Sun
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Liver allograft fibrosis (LAF) is prevalent among children with long-term survival after liver transplantation (LT). The authors aimed to identify clinical risk factors, with a focus on the impact of immunosuppression (IS) level in the early post-transplant period on LAF.A retrospective study was conducted on pediatric LT recipients with at least 1-year of follow-up. Cox regression models were used to analyze risk factors associated with LAF, and landmark analysis was used to evaluate the impact of IS level on LAF. Longitudinal analysis was also conducted in patients with paired biopsies.A total of 139 patients involving 174 liver biopsies were included. With 2.3 to 5.9 years of follow-up, LAF was detected in 91.4% of patients (7.9% were significant), up to 88.2% of whom showed normal liver function. Episodes of acute rejection, biliary complications, cytomegalovirus infection, and prolonged cold ischemia time were independent risk factors. Besides, the risk of LAF in patients with relatively low IS levels at postoperative 1-3, 3-6, 6-12, and 12-36 months was higher than the counterparts. Especially, in patients with relatively high IS levels (mean tacrolimus trough concentration ≥5.1 ng/ml) during postoperative 12-36 months, the risk of LAF was 67% lower in the short future ( P =0.006). In paired analysis, patients with increased IS levels were more likely to achieve fibrosis-reduction (HR=7.53, P =0.025).Mild to moderate LAF is common among pediatric LT recipients and can appear early and silently. Maintaining adequate levels of IS during 1-3 years after LT seems crucial to ensure protection against LAF.
The World Health Assembly resolution on integrated emergency, critical, and operative care for universal health coverage and protection from health emergencies: a golden opportunity to attenuate the global burden of acute and critical illness
Authors: Christian Owoo, Neill K. J. Adhikari, Olurotimi Akinola, Diptesh Aryal, Luciano C. Azevedo, Tigist Bacha, John Inipavudu Baelani, Tim Baker, Emily Bartlett, Joseph Bonney, Pauline Convocar, Enrico Dippenaar, Martin W. Dunser, Elisa Estenssoro, Robert Fowler, Sandeep Gore, Dessalegn Keney Guddu, Madiha Hashmi, Bonaventure G. Hollong, Diulu Kabongo, Sean M. Kivlehan, Lauren Lai King, Lia Losonczy, Ganbold Lundeg, Michael T. McCurdy, Mervyn Mer, David Misango, Vanessa Moll, Srinivas Murthy, Rajyabardhan Pattnaik, Sirak Petros, Elisabeth Riviello, Carl Otto Schell, Gentle Sunder Shrestha, Menbeu Sultan, Muluwork Tefera, Anfernee Yim, Ayalew Zewdie Tadesse
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2023)
Role of hospital and patient factors in the outcome of reoperations for primary hyperparathyroidism: a retrospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Claire Nomine-Criqui, Phi-Linh Nguyen-Thi, Sam van Slycke, Ozer Makay, Laurent Brunaud, Anders Bergenfelz
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: There are few data on outcomes after reintervention for persistent or recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism. We hypothesized that the variation in outcomes at the hospital level after reoperation would be significant. After accounting for this variability, some patient-level clinical criteria could be identified to help inform treatment decisions in this patient population. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is significant variation in outcomes after reoperation for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) between hospitals (hospital-level analysis) and identify clinical factors (patient-level analysis) that influence postoperative outcomes. Materials and Methods: This retrospective multicenter cohort study was performed using the Eurocrine® registry. Data from 11 countries and 76 hospitals from January 2015 to October 2020 were extracted. A generalized linear mixed model was used to assess variation of outcomes at hospital level and to identify risk factors of postoperative outcomes at patient level. The primary endpoint (textbook outcome) was achieved when all six of the following postoperative conditions were met: no hypocalcemia or persistent hypercalcemia, no laryngeal nerve injury, no negative exploration, no normal parathyroid gland only on histopathology, and no postoperative death. Results: Among 13593 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for PHPT, 617 (4.5%) underwent reoperative parathyroidectomy. At follow-up, 231 patients (37.4%) were hypocalcemic, 346 (56.1%) were normocalcemic without treatment, and 40 (6.5%) had persistent hypercalcemia. Textbook outcomes were achieved in 321 (52.0%) patients. The hospital-level variation in textbook outcome rates was significant ( P &lt;0.001), and this variation could explain 29.1% of the observed outcomes. The criterion that remained significant after controlling for inter-hospital variation was “a single lesion on sestamibi scan or PET imaging” (odds ratio 2.08, 95% CI 1.24-3.48; P =0.005). Conclusion: Outcomes after reoperation are significantly associated with hospital-related factors. A “single lesion observed on preoperative sestamibi scan or positron emission tomography” appears relevant to select patients before reoperation.
Evaluation of Social Acknowledgment and Mental Health Among Kurdish Survivors of Genocide in 1988
Authors: Sina Neldner, Razaw Noori, Harem Nareeman Mahmood, Frank Neuner, Hawkar Ibrahim
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

This cross-sectional study assesses whether higher levels of trauma were associated with less perceived social acknowledgment and higher psychopathology among Kurdish survivors of a chemical attack that took place in 1988.
Association of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes With Labor Market Outcomes
Authors: Peter J. Huckfeldt, Jeffrey C. Yu, Paul K. O’Leary, Ann S. M. Harada, Nicholas M. Pajewski, Chris Frenier, Mark A. Espeland, Anne Peters, Michael P. Bancks, Seth A. Seabury, Dana P. Goldman
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

An intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) has been shown to improve diabetes management and physical function. These benefits could lead to better labor market outcomes, but this has not been previously studied.
Comment on ‘Inflammatory biomarkers and nanotechnology: new insights in pancreatic cancer early detection’
Authors: Yao Wang, Wenming Feng, Chengwu Tang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Department of General Surgery, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China Running Title: Inflammatory biomarkers and nanotechnology. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Department of General Surgery, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China. E-mail address: [email protected] (C. Tang) This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Shared Decision-Making and Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Cheryl R. Dennison Himmelfarb, Theresa M. Beckie, Larry A. Allen, Yvonne Commodore-Mensah, Patricia M. Davidson, Grace Lin, Barbara Lutz, Erica S. Spatz
Journal: Circulation (2023)

Shared decision-making is increasingly embraced in health care and recommended in cardiovascular guidelines. Patient involvement in health care decisions, patient-clinician communication, and models of patient-centered care are critical to improve health outcomes and to promote equity, but formal models and evaluation in cardiovascular care are nascent. Shared decision-making promotes equity by involving clinicians and patients, sharing the best available evidence, and recognizing the needs, values, and experiences of individuals and their families when faced with the task of making decisions. Broad endorsement of shared decision-making as a critical component of high-quality, value-based care has raised our awareness, although uptake in clinical practice remains suboptimal for a range of patient, clinician, and system issues. Strategies effective in promoting shared decision-making include educating clinicians on communication techniques, engaging multidisciplinary medical teams, incorporating trained decision coaches, and using tools (ie, patient decision aids) at appropriate literacy and numeracy levels to support patients in their cardiovascular decisions. This scientific statement shines a light on the limited but growing body of evidence of the impact of shared decision-making on cardiovascular outcomes and the potential of shared decision-making as a driver of health equity so that everyone has just opportunities. Multilevel solutions must align to address challenges in policies and reimbursement, system-level leadership and infrastructure, clinician training, access to decision aids, and patient engagement to fully support patients and clinicians to engage in the shared decision-making process and to drive equity and improvement in cardiovascular outcomes.
Comparison of Particulate Air Pollution From Different Emission Sources and Incident Dementia in the US
Authors: Boya Zhang, Jennifer Weuve, Kenneth M. Langa, Jennifer D’Souza, Adam Szpiro, Jessica Faul, Carlos Mendes de Leon, Jiaqi Gao, Joel D. Kaufman, Lianne Sheppard, Jinkook Lee, Lindsay C. Kobayashi, Richard Hirth, Sara D. Adar
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Emerging evidence indicates that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution may increase dementia risk in older adults. Although this evidence suggests opportunities for intervention, little is known about the relative importance of PM2.5 from different emission sources.
Parkin Deficiency Suppresses Antigen Presentation to Promote Tumor Immune Evasion and Immunotherapy Resistance
Authors: Renzo Perales-Linares, Nektaria Maria Leli, Hesham Mohei, Silvia Beghi, Osvaldo D. Rivera, Nektarios Kostopoulos, Andrea Giglio, Subin S. George, Mireia Uribe-Herranz, Francesca Costabile, Stefano Pierini, Sergei Pustylnikov, Giorgos Skoufos, Yoseph Barash, Artemis G. Hatzigeorgiou, Constantinos Koumenis, Amit Maity, Michael T. Lotze, Andrea Facciabene
Journal: Cancer Research (2023)

Abstract Parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which plays a key role in the development of Parkinson disease. Parkin defects also occur in numerous cancers, and a growing body of evidence indicates that Parkin functions as a tumor suppressor that impedes a number of cellular processes involved in tumorigenesis. Here, we generated murine and human models that closely mimic the advanced-stage tumors where Parkin deficiencies are found to provide deeper insights into the tumor suppressive functions of Parkin. Loss of Parkin expression led to aggressive tumor growth, which was associated with poor tumor antigen presentation and limited antitumor CD8+ T-cell infiltration and activation. The effect of Parkin deficiency on tumor growth was lost following depletion of CD8+ T cells. In line with previous findings, Parkin deficiency was linked with mitochondria-associated metabolic stress, PTEN degradation, and enhanced Akt activation. Increased Akt signaling led to dysregulation of antigen presentation, and treatment with the Akt inhibitor MK2206-2HCl restored antigen presentation in Parkin-deficient tumors. Analysis of data from patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma indicated that Parkin expression was downregulated in tumors and that low expression correlated with reduced overall survival. Furthermore, low Parkin expression correlated with reduced patient response to immunotherapy. Overall, these results identify a role for Parkin deficiency in promoting tumor immune evasion that may explain the poor prognosis associated with loss of Parkin across multiple types of cancer. Significance: Parkin prevents immune evasion by regulating tumor antigen processing and presentation through the PTEN/Akt network, which has important implications for immunotherapy treatments in patients with Parkin-deficient tumors.