tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Delayed [18F]-FDG PET Imaging Increases Diagnostic Performance and Reproducibility to Differentiate Recurrence of Brain Metastases From Radionecrosis
Authors: Hosameldin Otman, Julien Farce, Pierre Meneret, Xavier Palard-Novello, Pierre-Jean Le Reste, Isabelle Lecouillard, Elodie Vauleon, Marion Chanchou, Beatrice Carsin Nicol, Marc Bertaux, Anne Devillers, Denis Mariano-Goulart, Florent Cachin, Antoine Girard, Florence Le Jeune
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Purpose Differentiating brain metastasis recurrence from radiation necrosis can be challenging during MRI follow-up after stereotactic radiotherapy. [ 18 F]-FDG is the most available PET tracer, but standard images performed 30 to 60 minutes postinjection provide insufficient accuracy. We compared the diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement of [ 18 F]-FDG PET with delayed images (4–5 hours postinjection) with the ones provided by standard and dual-time-point imaging. Methods Consecutive patients referred for brain [ 18 F]-FDG PET after inconclusive MRI were retrospectively included between 2015 and 2020 in 3 centers. Two independent nuclear medicine physicians interpreted standard (visually), delayed (visually), and dual-time-point (semiquantitatively) images, respectively. Adjudication was applied in case of discrepancy. The final diagnosis was confirmed histologically or after 6 months of MRI follow-up. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were pairwise compared. Results Forty-eight lesions from 46 patients were analyzed. Primary tumors were mostly located in the lungs (57%) and breast (23%). The median delay between radiotherapy and PET was 15.7 months. The final diagnosis was tumor recurrence in 24 of 48 lesions (50%), with histological confirmation in 19 of 48 lesions (40%). Delayed images provided a larger area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75–0.95) than both standard (0.69; 95% CI, 0.54–0.81; P = 0.0014) and dual-time-point imaging (0.77; 95% CI, 0.63–0.88; P = 0.045), respectively. Interobserver agreement was almost perfect with delayed images ( κ = 0.83), whereas it was moderate with both standard ( κ = 0.48) and dual-time-point images ( κ = 0.61). Conclusions [ 18 F]-FDG PET with delayed images is an accurate and reliable alternative to differentiate metastasis recurrence from radiation necrosis in case of inconclusive MRI after brain stereotactic radiotherapy.
Precancerous cervical lesions caused by non-vaccine-preventable HPV types after vaccination with the bivalent AS04-adjuvanted HPV vaccine: an analysis of the long-term follow-up study from the randomised Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial
Authors: Jaimie Z Shing, Shangying Hu, Rolando Herrero, Allan Hildesheim, Carolina Porras, Joshua N Sampson, John Schussler, John T Schiller, Douglas R Lowy, Mónica S Sierra, Loretto Carvajal, Aimée R Kreimer, Bernal Cortés, Paula González, Rolando Herrero, Silvia E. Jiménez, Carolina Porras, Ana Cecilia Rodríguez, Allan Hildesheim, Aimée R. Kreimer, Douglas R. Lowy, Mark Schiffman, John T. Schiller, Mark Sherman, Sholom Wacholder, Ligia A. Pinto, Troy J. Kemp, Mary K. Sidawy, Wim Quint, Leen-Jan van Doorn, Linda Struijk, Joel M. Palefsky, Teresa M. Darragh, Mark H. Stoler
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2022)
Worldwide use of factor IX Padua for hemophilia B gene therapy
Authors: Benjamin J. Samelson-Jones
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2022)

It is a bittersweet coincidence the Xue et al. published online their successful adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy trial for Chinese men with hemophilia B (HB) utilizing the high-specific-activity factor IX (FIX) variant Padua in Lancet Hematology1 Xue F. Li H. Wu X. Liu W. Zhang F. Tang D. Chen Y. Wang W. Chi Y. Zheng J. et al. Safety and activity of an engineered, liver-tropic adeno-associated virus vector expressing a hyperactive Padua factor IX administered with prophylactic glucocorticoids in patients with haemophilia B: a single-centre, single-arm, phase 1, pilot trial. Lancet Haematol. 2022; https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3026(22)00113-2 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (11) Google Scholar almost on the same day that the co-discoverer of FIX-Padua, 2 Simioni P. Tormene D. Tognin G. Gavasso S. Bulato C. Iacobelli N.P. Finn J.D. Spiezia L. Radu C. Arruda V.R. X-linked thrombophilia with a mutant factor IX (factor IX Padua). N. Engl. J. Med. 2009; 361: 1671-1675https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0904377 Crossref PubMed Scopus (234) Google Scholar Valder R. Arruda, passed away unexpectedly after a brief illness. Their report augments a growing list of promising gene therapy products for HB, all using FIX-Padua, 3 George L.A. Sullivan S.K. Giermasz A. Rasko J.E.J. Samelson-Jones B.J. Ducore J. Cuker A. Sullivan L.M. Majumdar S. Teitel J. et al. Hemophilia B gene therapy with a high-specific-activity factor IX variant. N. Engl. J. Med. 2017; 377: 2215-2227https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1708538 Crossref PubMed Scopus (454) Google Scholar ,4 Von Drygalski A. Giermasz A. Castaman G. Key N.S. Lattimore S. Leebeek F.W.G. Miesbach W. Recht M. Long A. Gut R. et al. Etranacogene dezaparvovec (AMT-061 phase 2b): normal/near normal FIX activity and bleed cessation in hemophilia B. Blood Adv. 2019; 3: 3241-3247https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000811 Crossref PubMed Scopus (55) Google Scholar including at least three in phase 3. In part because of his early experiences practicing hematology in his native Brazil, Dr. Arruda was always interested in addressing the 80% of the worldwide hemophilia population outside of Western countries that have limited access to treatments; 5 Skinner M.W. WFH: closing the global gap--achieving optimal care. Haemophilia. 2012; 18: 1-12https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2012.02822.x Crossref PubMed Scopus (76) Google Scholar thus, the phenotypic cure of at least 9 out of 10 non-Western HB subjects expressing FIX-Padua after gene therapy is a well-timed testament to his contributions to the field of gene therapy.
Common Causes of Vaginitis
Authors: Catherine Leclair, Amy Stenson
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Challenges and limitations of teledermatology for skin and soft-tissue infections: A real-world study of an expert center
Authors: Romain Salle, Camille Hua, Margaux Mongereau, Laura Giraud-Kerleroux, Charlotte Gary, Caroline Fiani, Marouane Ben Kahla, Charbel Skayem, Gaëlle Hirsch, Olivier Chosidow, Tu-Anh Duong
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2022)
Clinical Effects of PET-CT Before Definite Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Unresectable Stage IIIA–IIIB Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lungs
Authors: Wei-Chun Lin, Wang-Ming Chen, Mingchih Chen, Ben-Chang Shia, Szu-Yuan Wu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Purpose No large-scale, retrospective cohort study with a long-term follow-up time has yet evaluated the effects of preoperative 18 F-FDG PET-CT on survival in patients with unresectable stages IIIA–IIIB squamous cell lung carcinoma (SqCLC) who received definite concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Methods We included patients with unresectable stages IIIA–IIIB SqCLC receiving definite CCRT and categorized them into 2 groups. The case group comprised patients who underwent pre-CCRT 18 F-FDG PET-CT, and the comparison group comprised patients who did not receive pre-CCRT 18 F-FDG PET-CT; the groups were matched at a ratio of 1:1. Results The matching process yielded a final cohort of 4042 eligible patients (2021 and 2021 in the case and comparison groups, respectively). Multivariable Cox regression analyses revealed a positive correlation between patients with unresectable stages IIIA–IIIB SqCLC receiving definite CCRT and all-cause death in the pre-CCRT 18 F-FDG PET-CT (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.80–0.91; P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion Pre-CCRT 18 F-FDG PET-CT was associated with more favorable survival in both patients with unresectable clinical stage IIIA and those with stage IIIB receiving definite CCRT.
Would You Recommend a Statin to This Patient for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease?
Authors: Gerald W. Smetana, Mark D. Benson, Stephen P. Juraschek, Risa B. Burns
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Hypercholesterolemia is a principal modifiable risk factor for the primary prevention of CVD. In addition to lifestyle modification, statins are an important tool to reduce risk for CVD in selected patients. A useful strategy to identify candidates for statins is to estimate the 10-year risk for CVD through the use of a validated risk calculator. Commonly used calculators include the Framingham risk score and the pooled cohort equation. Multiple randomized controlled trials have shown that statins reduce the risk for CVD in patients without known CVD. Two recent guidelines have proposed an approach to the use of statins in primary prevention of CVD. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs guidelines form the basis for this discussion. The guidelines differ on the use of advanced testing to modify the 10-year CVD risk estimate and on the need for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets to establish the efficacy of statins. Advanced testing with coronary artery calcium measurement may be helpful for patients who are potentially eligible for statin therapy but who are uncertain if they wish to take a statin. In this paper, 2 experts, a preventive cardiologist and a general internist, discuss their approach to the use of statins for primary prevention of CVD and how they would apply the guidelines to an individual patient.
Short-Term Exposure to Wildfire Smoke and PM2.5 and Cognitive Performance in a Brain-Training Game: A Longitudinal Study of U.S. Adults
Authors: Stephanie E. Cleland, Lauren H. Wyatt, Linda Wei, Naman Paul, Marc L. Serre, J. Jason West, Sarah B. Henderson, Ana G. Rappold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2022)

Background: There is increasing evidence that long-term exposure to fine particulate matter [PM ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)] may adversely impact cognitive performance. Wildfire smoke is one of the biggest sources of PM2.5 and concentrations are likely to increase under climate change. However, little is known about how short-term exposure impacts cognitive function. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the associations between daily and subdaily (hourly) PM2.5 and wildfire smoke exposure and cognitive performance in adults. Methods: Scores from 20 plays of an attention-oriented brain-training game were obtained for 10,228 adults in the United States (U.S.). We estimated daily and hourly PM2.5 exposure through a data fusion of observations from multiple monitoring networks. Daily smoke exposure in the western U.S. was obtained from satellite-derived estimates of smoke plume density. We used a longitudinal repeated measures design with linear mixed effects models to test for associations between short-term exposure and attention score. Results were also stratified by age, gender, user behavior, and region. Results: Daily and subdaily PM2.5 were negatively associated with attention score. A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 in the 3 h prior to gameplay was associated with a 21.0 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.3, 38.7]-point decrease in score. PM2.5 exposure over 20 plays accounted for an estimated average 3.7% (95% CI: 0.7%, 6.7%) reduction in final score. Associations were more pronounced in the wildfire-impacted western U.S. Medium and heavy smoke density were also negatively associated with score. Heavy smoke density the day prior to gameplay was associated with a 117.0 (95% CI: 1.7, 232.3)-point decrease in score relative to no smoke. Although differences between subgroups were not statistically significant, associations were most pronounced for younger (18–29 y), older (≥70y), habitual, and male users. Discussion: Our results indicate that PM2.5 and wildfire smoke were associated with reduced attention in adults within hours and days of exposure, but further research is needed to elucidate these relationships. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10498
Methyltransferase 1 is required for nonhomologous end‐joining repair and renders hepatocellular carcinoma resistant to radiotherapy
Authors: Junbin Liao, Yang Yi, Xin Yue, Xiaoxue Wu, Meiyan Zhu, Yong Chen, Sui Peng, Ming Kuang, Shuibin Lin, Zhenwei Peng
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Radiotherapy is an increasingly essential therapeutic strategy in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, resistance to radiotherapy is one of the primary obstacles to successful treatment outcomes. Hence, we aim to elucidate the mechanisms underlying radioresistance and identify reliable biotargets that would be inhibited to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy in HCC.From a label-free quantitative proteome screening, we identified transfer RNA (tRNA; guanine- N [7]-) methyltransferase 1 (METTL1), a key enzyme for N7-methylguanosine (m 7 G) tRNA modification, as an essential driver for HCC cells radioresistance. We reveal that METTL1 promotes DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and renders HCC cells resistant to ionizing radiation (IR) using loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, METTL1-mediated m 7 G tRNA modification selectively regulates the translation of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit or DNA ligase IV with higher frequencies of m 7 G-related codons after IR treatment, thereby resulting in the enhancement of nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ)-mediated DNA DSB repair efficiency. Clinically, high METTL1 expression in tumor tissue is significantly correlated with poor prognosis in radiotherapy-treated patients with HCC.Our findings show that METTL1 is a critical enhancer for HCC cell NHEJ-based DNA repair following IR therapy. These findings give insight into the role of tRNA modification in messenger RNA translation control in HCC radioresistance.
OMA1 mediates local and global stress responses against protein misfolding in CHCHD10 mitochondrial myopathy
Authors: Mario K Shammas, Xiaoping Huang, Beverly P Wu, Evelyn Fessler, Insung Y Song, Nicholas P Randolph, Yan Li, Christopher Ke Bleck, Danielle A Springer, Carl Fratter, Ines A Barbosa, Andrew F Powers, Pedro M Quirós, Carlos Lopez-Otin, Lucas T Jae, Joanna Poulton, Derek P Narendra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

Mitochondrial stress triggers a response in the cell’s mitochondria and nucleus, but how these stress responses are coordinated in vivo is poorly understood. Here, we characterize a family with myopathy caused by a dominant p.G58R mutation in the mitochondrial protein CHCHD10. To understand the disease etiology, we developed a knockin (KI) mouse model and found that mutant CHCHD10 aggregated in affected tissues, applying a toxic protein stress to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Unexpectedly, the survival of CHCHD10-KI mice depended on a protective stress response mediated by the mitochondrial metalloendopeptidase OMA1. The OMA1 stress response acted both locally within mitochondria, causing mitochondrial fragmentation, and signaled outside the mitochondria, activating the integrated stress response through cleavage of DAP3-binding cell death enhancer 1 (DELE1). We additionally identified an isoform switch in the terminal complex of the electron transport chain as a component of this response. Our results demonstrate that OMA1 was critical for neonatal survival conditionally in the setting of inner mitochondrial membrane stress, coordinating local and global stress responses to reshape the mitochondrial network and proteome.
Comparison of 68Ga-FAPI PET and 18F-FDG PET Findings in a Patient With Bilateral Breast Cancer of 2 Different Histopathologies
Authors: Sayak Choudhury, Sneha Shah, Tanuja Shet, Archi Agrawal, Nilendu Purandare, Ameya Puranik, Venkatesh Rangarajan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract We present the findings of 18 F-FDG PET and 68 Ga–fibroblast activation protein PET scans done in a case of bilateral breast carcinoma with 2 different histopathology, left breast tubulolobular carcinoma and right breast invasive breast carcinoma of no special type.
FOXA2 suppresses endometrial carcinogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating enhancer activity
Authors: Subhransu S. Sahoo, Susmita G. Ramanand, Yunpeng Gao, Ahmed Abbas, Ashwani Kumar, Ileana C. Cuevas, Hao-Dong Li, Mitzi Aguilar, Chao Xing, Ram S. Mani, Diego H. Castrillon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

FOXA2 encodes a transcription factor mutated in 10% of endometrial cancers (ECs), with a higher mutation rate in aggressive variants. FOXA2 has essential roles in embryonic and uterine development. However, FOXA2's role in EC is incompletely understood. Functional investigations using human and mouse EC cell lines revealed that FOXA2 controls endometrial epithelial gene expression programs regulating cell proliferation, adhesion, and endometrial-epithelial transition. In live animals, conditional inactivation of Foxa2 or Pten alone in endometrial epithelium did not result in ECs, but simultaneous inactivation of both genes resulted in lethal ECs with complete penetrance, establishing potent synergism between Foxa2 and PI3K signaling. Studies in tumor-derived cell lines and organoids highlighted additional invasion and cell growth phenotypes associated with malignant transformation and identified key mediators, including Myc and Cdh1. Transcriptome and cistrome analyses revealed that FOXA2 broadly controls gene expression programs through modification of enhancer activity in addition to regulating specific target genes, rationalizing its tumor suppressor functions. By integrating results from our cell lines, organoids, animal models, and patient data, our findings demonstrated that FOXA2 is an endometrial tumor suppressor associated with aggressive disease and with shared commonalities among its roles in endometrial function and carcinogenesis.
Effect of Care Management or Online Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training vs Usual Care on Self-harm Among Adults With Suicidal Ideation—Reply
Authors: Gregory E. Simon, Julie E. Richards, Jennifer M. Boggs
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Why I . . . practise south Indian classical dancing
Authors: Kathy Oxtoby
Journal: BMJ (2022)

When Famila Alagarsamy was looking at ways to relax, she was inspired by memories of her childhood in south India.Aged six, she took up Bharatanatyam, an Indian form of classical dancing that combines intricate movements, emotions, and expressions.As she progressed through school, her ambition to become a doctor left little time for hobbies and she left her dancing lessons behind.Six years ago, however, after graduating, moving to the UK to complete her registrar training, and taking up
A Novel Locus on 6p21.2 for Cancer Treatment–Induced Cardiac Dysfunction Among Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Yadav Sapkota, Matthew J Ehrhardt, Na Qin, Zhaoming Wang, Qi Liu, Weiyu Qiu, Kyla Shelton, Ying Shao, Emily Plyler, Heather L Mulder, John Easton, J Robert Michael, Paul W Burridge, Xuexia Wang, Carmen L Wilson, John L Jefferies, Eric J Chow, Kevin C Oeffinger, Lindsay M Morton, Chunliang Li, Jun J Yang, Jinghui Zhang, Smita Bhatia, Daniel A Mulrooney, Melissa M Hudson, Leslie L Robison, Gregory T Armstrong, Yutaka Yasui
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2022)

Adult survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk of cardiac late effects.
QUAPAS: An Adaptation of the QUADAS-2 Tool to Assess Prognostic Accuracy Studies
Authors: Jenny Lee, Frits Mulder, Mariska Leeflang, Robert Wolff, Penny Whiting, Patrick M. Bossuyt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Whereas diagnostic tests help detect the cause of signs and symptoms, prognostic tests assist in evaluating the probable course of the disease and future outcome. Studies to evaluate prognostic tests are longitudinal, which introduces sources of bias different from those for diagnostic accuracy studies. At present, systematic reviews of prognostic tests often use the QUADAS-2 (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2) tool to assess risk of bias and applicability of included studies because no equivalent instrument exists for prognostic accuracy studies. QUAPAS (Quality Assessment of Prognostic Accuracy Studies) is an adaptation of QUADAS-2 for prognostic accuracy studies. Questions likely to identify bias were evaluated in parallel and collated from QUIPS (Quality in Prognosis Studies) and PROBAST (Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool) and paired to the corresponding question (or domain) in QUADAS-2. A steering group conducted and reviewed 3 rounds of modifications before arriving at the final set of domains and signaling questions. QUAPAS follows the same steps as QUADAS-2: Specify the review question, tailor the tool, draw a flow diagram, judge risk of bias, and identify applicability concerns. Risk of bias is judged across the following 5 domains: participants, index test, outcome, flow and timing, and analysis. Signaling questions assist the final judgment for each domain. Applicability concerns are assessed for the first 4 domains. The authors used QUAPAS in parallel with QUADAS-2 and QUIPS in a systematic review of prognostic accuracy studies. QUAPAS improved the assessment of the flow and timing domain and flagged a study at risk of bias in the new analysis domain. Judgment of risk of bias in the analysis domain was challenging because of sparse reporting of statistical methods.