tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Being Receptive
Authors: Michael Wynn
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
When I use a word . . . . Too much healthcare—Monitoring
Authors: Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Monitoring is a process that requires a great deal of mindfulness. Indeed the two words derive from the same IndoEuropean root, MEN, meaning to have one’s mind aroused, or simply to think. Although the noun “monitor” entered English in the 16th century, the verbal form did not appear until the 20th century and it was not until the 1940s that it acquired its medical meaning. Medical monitoring is repeated testing aimed at guiding and adjusting the management of a chronic or recurrent condition. Although the term is relatively new, the practice is not—doctors have been monitoring the outcomes of their interventions for centuries. Nevertheless, we still have little understanding of how best to monitor some diseases and their treatment. There are five phases of treatment of a disease, which dictate different monitoring schedules: pretreatment, initial titration, maintenance treatment, re-establishing control after a perturbation, and withdrawal of treatment. And monitoring schedules will also be modified by the nature of the condition being treated and the test being used. More tests are being used every year, and although clinical outcomes would in general be expected to be improved by monitoring, and harms prevented or mitigated, there is little information on what constitute optimal monitoring regimens, and in some cases monitoring may cause more harms than benefits.
Closing remarks
Authors: Lucio Luzzatto
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2022)

The human complement system, an essential component of innate immunity, is a prodigy of biological evolution. The notion of complement inhibition is awesome, but some of the results achieved in therapy of serious diseases have been spectacular. Currently several pharmacological options are already available, and more are in the offing: it will be ever more important that they are optimally used in terms of safety and of therapeutic efficacy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Multiple Yellowish Plaques in a Cobblestone Pattern on the Tongue
Authors: Eduardo Rozas-Muñoz, Oscar Venegas-Rebolledo, Juan-Andres Madariaga
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

A man in his 80s presents with multiple yellowish to erythematous papules and verrucous cobblestone-like plaques on the mucosal surface on both sides of his tongue. What is your diagnosis?
Factors associated with timely COVID-19 vaccination in a population-based cohort of patients with cancer
Authors: Melanie Powis, Rinku Sutradhar, Aditi Patrikar, Matthew Cheung, Inna Gong, Abi Vijenthira, Lisa K Hicks, Drew Wilton, Monika K Krzyzanowska, Simron Singh
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2022)

In many jurisdictions, cancer patients were prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination because of increased risk of infection and death. To understand sociodemographic disparities that affected timely receipt of COVID-19 vaccination among cancer patients, we undertook a population-based study in Ontario, Canada.Patients older than 18 years and diagnosed with cancer January 2010 to September 2020 were identified using administrative data; vaccination administration was captured between approval (December 2020) up to February 2022. Factors associated with time to vaccination were evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.The cohort consisted of 356 535 patients, the majority of whom had solid tumor cancers (85.9%) and were not on active treatment (74.1%); 86.8% had received at least 2 doses. The rate of vaccination was 25% lower in recent (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.72 to 0.76) and nonrecent immigrants (HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.79 to 0.81). A greater proportion of unvaccinated patients were from neighborhoods with a high concentration of new immigrants or self-reported members of racialized groups (26.0% vs 21.3%, standardized difference = 0.111, P < .001), residential instability (27.1% vs 23.0%, standardized difference = 0.094, P < .001), or material deprivation (22.1% vs 16.8%, standardized difference = 0.134, P < .001) and low socioeconomic status (20.9% vs 16.0%, standardized difference = 0.041, P < .001). The rate of vaccination was 20% lower in patients from neighborhoods with the lowest socioeconomic status (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.81 to 0.84) and highest material deprivation (HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.78 to 0.81) relative to those in more advantaged neighborhoods.Despite funding of vaccines and prioritization of high-risk populations, marginalized patients were less likely to be vaccinated. Differences are likely due to the interplay between systemic barriers to access and cultural or social influences affecting uptake.
Olaparib Efficacy in Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer and <i>BRCA1, BRCA2</i>, or <i>ATM</i> Alterations Identified by Testing Circulating Tumor DNA
Authors: Nobuaki Matsubara, Johann de Bono, David Olmos, Giuseppe Procopio, Satoru Kawakami, Yüksel Ürün, Robbert van Alphen, Aude Flechon, Michael A. Carducci, Young Deuk Choi, Sebastien J. Hotte, Ernesto Korbenfeld, Gero Kramer, Neeraj Agarwal, Kim N. Chi, Simon Dearden, Christopher Gresty, Jinyu Kang, Christian Poehlein, Elizabeth A. Harrington, Maha Hussain
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Purpose: The phase III PROfound study (NCT02987543) evaluated olaparib versus abiraterone or enzalutamide (control) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with tumor homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene alterations. We present exploratory analyses on the use of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing as an additional method to identify patients with mCRPC with HRR gene alterations who may be eligible for olaparib treatment. Patients and Methods: Plasma samples collected during screening in PROfound were retrospectively sequenced using the FoundationOne®Liquid CDx test for BRCA1, BRCA2 (BRCA), and ATM alterations in ctDNA. Only patients from Cohort A (BRCA/ATM alteration positive by tissue testing) were evaluated. We compared clinical outcomes, including radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) between the ctDNA subgroup and Cohort A. Results: Of the 181 (73.9%) Cohort A patients who gave consent for plasma sample ctDNA testing, 139 (76.8%) yielded a result and BRCA/ATM alterations were identified in 111 (79.9%). Of these, 73 patients received olaparib and 38 received control. Patients’ baseline demographics and characteristics, and the prevalence of HRR alterations were comparable with the Cohort A intention-to-treat (ITT) population. rPFS was longer in the olaparib group versus control [median 7.4 vs. 3.5 months; hazard ratio (HR), 0.33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.21–0.53; nominal P &amp;lt; 0.0001], which is consistent with Cohort A ITT population (HR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.25–0.47). Conclusions: When tumor tissue testing is not feasible or has failed, ctDNA testing may be a suitable alternative to identify patients with mCRPC carrying BRCA/ATM alterations who may benefit from olaparib treatment.
Lessons Learned from the ISCHEMIA Trial for the Management of Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: William E. Boden, Peter H. Stone
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2022)

The recent landmark International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA) trial was undertaken to assess whether stable angina patients with moderate to severe baseline ischemia would benefit from an invasive approach with revascularization versus a conservative approach of intensive lifestyle intervention and pharmacologic secondary prevention. This trial addressed the hypothesis that treating ischemia with an invasive approach would reduce major adverse cardiac events more than a noninvasive pharmacologic and lifestyle approach. ISCHEMIA is discussed in detail, along with current implications for contemporary management of this very common cardiac disorder afflicting millions of patients worldwide.
RNAseq Analysis of Brain Aging in Wild Specimens of Short-Lived Turquoise Killifish: Commonalities and Differences With Aging Under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Mariateresa Mazzetto, Cinzia Caterino, Marco Groth, Elisa Ferrari, Martin Reichard, Mario Baumgart, Alessandro Cellerino
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2022)

A vast body of studies is available that describe age-dependent gene expression in relation to aging in a number of different model species. These data were obtained from animals kept in conditions with reduced environmental challenges, abundant food, and deprivation of natural sensory stimulation. Here, we compared wild- and captive aging in the short-lived turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri). These fish inhabit temporary ponds in the African savannah. When the ponds are flooded, eggs hatch synchronously, enabling a precise timing of their individual and population age. We collected the brains of wild fish of different ages and quantified the global age-dependent regulation of transcripts using RNAseq. A major difference between captive and wild populations is that wild populations had unlimited access to food and hence grew to larger sizes and reached asymptotic size more rapidly, enabling the analysis of age-dependent gene expression without the confounding effect of adult brain growth. We found that the majority of differentially expressed genes show the same direction of regulation in wild and captive populations. However, a number of genes were regulated in opposite direction. Genes downregulated in the wild and upregulated in captivity were enriched for terms related to neuronal communication. Genes upregulated in the wild and downregulated in captive conditions were enriched in terms related to DNA replication. Finally, the rate of age-dependent gene regulation was higher in wild animals, suggesting a phenomenon of accelerated aging.
Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Glucagonlike Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients With Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Community Practice
Authors: Michael G. Nanna, Ahmed A. Kolkailah, Courtney Page, Eric D. Peterson, Ann Marie Navar
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2022)

Recent national guidelines recommend sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD); yet, there are limited data on the use of these agents in contemporary community practice.To evaluate the use of SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA in adults with T2D and ASCVD across a diverse sample of health care systems in the US.This multicenter, retrospective cohort study used electronic health record data from 88 US health care systems participating in Cerner Real World Data between January 2018 to March 2021. Adults with ASCVD and T2D taking at least 1 glucose-lowering medication, had end-stage kidney disease, or had stage 5 chronic kidney disease were excluded.Treatment with SGLT2i or GLP-1 RA.A total of 321 304 patients were identified with T2D and ASCVD ASCVD (130 280 female [40.5%]; median [IQR] age, 70.9 [62.9-78.0] years) who were potentially eligible for SGLT2i and/or GLP-1 RA, including 37 754 Black individuals (11.8%), 51 522 Hispanic individuals (16.0%), and 256 008 White individuals (11.8%). From January 2018 to March 2021, the use of SGLT2i increased from 5.8% (11 285 of 194 264) to 12.9% (11 058 of 85 956), GLP-1 RA increased from 6.9% (13 402 of 194 264) to 13.8% (11 901 of 85 956), and use of either agent increased from 11.4% (22 069 of 194 264) to 23.2% (19 909 of 85 956). Those taking an SGLT2i or GLP-1 RA were younger, less frequently hospitalized in the year prior, and more likely to be taking additional secondary prevention medications. Treated and nontreated populations were similar in terms of race, ethnicity, and outpatient health care utilization. Sulfonylureas and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors remained more commonly used than SGLT2i or GLP-1 RA through 2021.In this study, uptake of SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA in adults with T2D and ASCVD increased modestly after guideline recommendations, although less than a quarter of persons with ASCVD and T2D receiving medical therapy were taking either. Further efforts are necessary to maximize the potential population benefit of these therapies in this high-risk population.
Phase I Study of Niraparib in Combination with Radium-223 for the Treatment of Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zachary Quinn, Benjamin Leiby, Guru Sonpavde, Atish D. Choudhury, Christopher Sweeney, David Einstein, Russell Szmulewitz, Oliver Sartor, Karen Knudsen, Eddy Shih-Hsin Yang, Wm. Kevin Kelly
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

To identify the safety of niraparib, a PARP inhibitor, in combination with Radium-223 for the treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in men without known BRCA mutations.
Association of an Online Home-Based Prehabilitation Program With Outcomes After Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Cintia S. Kimura, Serena Bidwell, Brooke Gurland, Arden Morris, Andrew Shelton, Cindy Kin
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

This quality improvement study evaluates the association of an online home-based patient prehabilitation program with colorectal surgery outcomes.
The Effects of Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibition on Major Coronary Events in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights From the PARADISE-MI Trial
Authors: Roxana Mehran, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Marc A. Pfeffer, Karola Jering, Brian Claggett, Eldrin F. Lewis, Christopher Granger, Lars Køber, Aldo Maggioni, Douglas L. Mann, John J.V. McMurray, Jean-Lucien Rouleau, Scott D. Solomon, Gregory Ducrocq, Otavio Berwanger, Carmine G. De Pasquale, Ulf Landmesser, Mark Petrie, David Sim Kheng Leng, Peter van der Meer, Martin Lefkowitz, Yinong Zhou, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Circulation (2022)

In patients who survive an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors decrease the risk of subsequent major cardiovascular events. Whether angiotensin-receptor blockade and neprilysin inhibition with sacubitril/valsartan reduce major coronary events more effectively than angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in high-risk patients with recent AMI remains unknown. We aimed to compare the effects of sacubitril/valsartan on coronary outcomes in patients with AMI.We conducted a prespecified analysis of the PARADISE-MI trial (Prospective ARNI vs ACE Inhibitors Trial to Determine Superiority in Reducing Heart Failure Events After MI), which compared sacubitril/valsartan (97/103 mg twice daily) with ramipril (5 mg twice daily) for reducing heart failure events after myocardial infarction in 5661 patients with AMI complicated by left ventricular systolic dysfunction, pulmonary congestion, or both. In the present analysis, the prespecified composite coronary outcome was the first occurrence of death from coronary heart disease, nonfatal myocardial infarction, hospitalization for angina, or postrandomization coronary revascularization.Patients were randomly assigned at a median of 4.4 [3.0-5.8] days after index AMI (ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction 76%, non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction 24%), by which time 89% of patients had undergone coronary reperfusion. Compared with ramipril, sacubitril/valsartan decreased the risk of coronary outcomes (hazard ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.74-0.99], P=0.04) over a median follow-up of 22 months. Rates of the components of the composite outcomes were lower in patients on sacubitril/valsartan but were not individually significantly different.In survivors of an AMI with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and pulmonary congestion, sacubitril/valsartan-compared with ramipril-reduced the risk of a prespecified major coronary composite outcome. Dedicated studies are necessary to confirm this finding and elucidate its mechanism.URL: https://www.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02924727.
Risk Factors for Vancomycin Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms Syndrome
Authors: Kimberly G. Blumenthal, Santiago Alvarez-Arango, Xiaoqing Fu, Daniela Kroshinsky, Hyon Choi, Elizabeth Phillips, Li Zhou
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

This case-control study uses single-institution data to explore risk factors associated with vancomycin drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic systems (DRESS) syndrome.
The Importance of Mental Health Services for Children and Adolescents After Firearm-Related Injury
Authors: Nicole Lunardi, Joseph V. Sakran
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
The Intersection of Business Innovation and Scientific Exploration to Address Early Mortality in People With Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Karen L. Fortuna, Theodore D. Cosco, Andrew R. Bohm
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2022)

This Viewpoint describes how open innovation has been used by communities to support individual and community health and discusses how scientists and clinicians could apply this idea- and resource-sharing strategy to generate breakthrough advances that may extend the life span of people with serious mental illness (SMI).
A Positron Emission Tomography Study of Dopamine Transporter Density in Patients With Bipolar Disorder With Current Mania and Those With Recently Remitted Mania
Authors: Lakshmi N. Yatham, Peter F. Liddle, Marjorie Gonzalez, Gayatri Saraf, Nasim Vafai, Raymond W. Lam, Vesna Sossi
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2022)

Although dopamine is implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD), the precise alterations in the dopaminergic system remain unknown.To assess dopamine transporter (DAT) density in the striatum in patients with BD with current and recently remitted mania in comparison to healthy control individuals and its correlation with severity of manic symptoms.This cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care referral center for mood disorders in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, recruited 26 patients with BD (9 with current mania; 17 with recently remitted mania) and 21 matched healthy control individuals. DAT density was measured using positron emission tomography with [11C]d-threo-methylphenidate (MP). The differences between the groups in nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) for DAT was assessed using statistical parametric mapping. The study was conducted from November 2001 to February 2007 and the data were analyzed from November 2020 to December 2021.DAT density as indexed by BPND for MP across groups; manic symptom severity as measured with the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and correlated with BPND values in patients with BD.Of 47 total participants (mean [SD] age, 37.8 [14.4] years), 27 (57.4%) were female; 26 individuals had BD (9 with current mania and 17 with recently remitted mania) and there were 21 healthy control individuals. MP BPND was significantly lower in patients with BD in the right putamen and nucleus accumbens (mean reduction [MR] = 22%; cluster level familywise error [FWE]-corrected P < .001) as well as left putamen and caudate (MR = 24%; cluster level FWE-corrected P < .001). The reduction in BPND was more extensive and pronounced in patients with current mania, while patients with recently remitted mania had lower BPND in the left striatum but not the right. There was a significant negative correlation between YMRS scores and MP BPND in the right striatum in patients with current mania (ρ = -0.93; 95% CI, -0.99 to -0.69; P < .001) and those with recently remitted mania (ρ = 0.64; 95% CI, -0.86 to -0.23; P = .005) but not in the left striatum in either group.These findings indicate that mania was associated with reduced DAT density and remitted mania was associated with DAT levels that approximated those present in individuals without BD. These results have potential implications for drug development for mania.