tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment with Corticosteroids to Alleviate Reactions to Intravenous Contrast Material
Authors: Elliott C. Lasser, Charles C. Berry, Lee B. Talner, Lewis C. Santini, Erich K. Lang, Frederic H. Gerber, Harald O. Stolberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

The x-ray contrast mediums used over the past three decades have been salts of iodinated acids administered in highly hypertonic concentrations. We conducted a multiinstitutional randomized study of the protective effects of pretreatment with corticosteroids against reactions to intravenous contrast material. We gave 6763 patients two doses of oral corticosteroids (methylprednisolone, 32 mg) approximately 12 hours and 2 hours before challenge with contrast material, one dose of oral prednisolone approximately 2 hours before challenge, or placebo in the same dosages. The two-dose corticosteroid regimen, but not the one-dose regimen, significantly reduced the incidence of reactions of all types (P<0.05) except a category of reactions dominated by hives, for which the reduction approached significance (P = 0.055). In recent years, several relatively expensive monomeric nonionic iodinated compounds having approximately half the osmolality of the corresponding ionic compounds and a lower reaction rate have become available. With our two-dose corticosteroid regimen, the incidence of reactions necessitating therapy in patients receiving the ionic medium approximated that reported in an unblinded nonrandomized study of patients receiving a newer intravenous nonionic medium without corticosteroid pretreatment. We conclude that the much less expensive ionic medium, if administered with corticosteroid pretreatment, may serve as a reasonable alternative to intravenous nonionic medium, without loss of safety. (N Engl J Med 1987; 317:845–9.)
Noninvasive Ventilation in Immunosuppressed Patients with Pulmonary Infiltrates, Fever, and Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: Gilles Hilbert, Didier Gruson, Fréderic Vargas, Ruddy Valentino, Georges Gbikpi-Benissan, Michel Dupon, Josy Reiffers, Jean P. Cardinaud
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Avoiding intubation is a major goal in the management of respiratory failure, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. Nevertheless, there are only limited data on the efficacy of noninvasive ventilation in these high-risk patients.
Circulating neutrophil and eosinophil extracellular traps are markers of severe asthma
Authors: Vanessa Granger, Camille Taillé, Dwayne Roach, Séverine Letuvé, Clairelyne Dupin, Fatima Hamidi, Benoît Noël, Catherine Neukirch, Michel Aubier, Marina Pretolani, Sylvie Chollet‐Martin, Luc de Chaisemartin
Journal: Allergy (2019)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Fetal Effects During Cyclophosphamide and Irradiation Therapy
Authors: T. M. TOLEDO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

A 23-year-old pregnant white woman with stage IIIB Hodgkin's disease was treated with cyclophosphamide and exposed to diagnostic roentgenography, which resulted in a dose to her uterus estimated at 5 to 25 R. The cyclophosphamide and radiation were received during the first trimester of pregnancy. Her baby was delivered at 6 months' gestation, and fetal autopsy showed absence of all toes and a single coronary artery. This is the second reported case of toe and cardiac anomalies associated with cyclophosphamide therapy. To the best of our knowledge, cardiac anomalies secondary to cyclophosphamide administration have not been described in humans. Irradiation-induced cardiac anomalies have been reported in experimental animals and humans. Irradiation-induced musculoskeletal anomalies in humans have been documented. Cancer chemotherapeutic drug-induced and X-irradiationinduced fetal anomalies are discussed.
Neuroendocrine Control of Thyrotropin Secretion
Authors: JOHN E. MORLEY
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1981)

THE GLYCOPROTEIN hormone TSH is the major regulator of the secretion of thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) from the thyroid gland. As the regulator of thyroid hormone release it plays an important, albeit indirect, role in the control of a variety of metabolic processes including protein synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, thermogenesis, and cell growth. Historically, the concept of pituitary control of the thyroid gland stretches back to the observations of Niépce (1) in 1851 that cretins had markedly enlarged pituitary glands and of Rogowitsch (2) in 1889, who observed hypertrophy of the anterior pituitary after thyroidectomy in the rabbit. This concept was firmly established by the studies of Smith (3, 4) between 1916 and 1922, when he showed that ablation of the tadpole adenohypophysis resulted in thyroid attrition and prevented metamorphosis and that the atrophied thyroid gland could be made to hypertrophy by injections of beef anterior pituitary extracts.
Anti-Cardiolipin Antibodies and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in a Prospective Cohort of Middle-Aged Men
Authors: Outi Vaarala, Matti Mänttäri, Vesa Manninen, Leena Tenkanen, Marja Puurunen, Kimmo Aho, Timo Palosuo
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Data concerning the relation between anti-phospholipid (aPL) antibodies and myocardial infarction in subjects without evidence of overt autoimmune disease are conflicting. All published studies have been performed on survivors of myocardial infarction or in patients with established coronary heart disease. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the presence of aPL antibodies, namely, anti-cardiolipin (aCL) antibodies, carries a risk for myocardial infarction in a prospective cohort. Methods and Results The sera to be studied were drawn at entry from middle-aged dyslipidemic men (non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ≥5.2 mmol/L) participating in the Helsinki Heart Study, a 5-year coronary primary prevention trial with gemfibrozil. Samples were tested for IgG-class antibodies to cardiolipin by an ELISA. The risk was estimated with logistic regression analysis using a nested case-control design with 133 patients (myocardial infarction or cardiac death) and 133 control subjects, matched for treatment (gemfibrozil/placebo) and geographical area. The aCL antibody level, as expressed in optical density units, was significantly higher in patients than in control subjects (0.417 versus 0.361; P &lt;.005). Subjects with the antibody level in the highest quartile of distribution had a relative risk for myocardial infarction of 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 3.5) compared with the remainder of the population. This risk was independent of confounding factors, such as age, smoking, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein. There was a correlation between the levels of aCL antibodies and antibodies to oxidized LDL ( r =.40, P &lt;.001), and their joint effect was additive for the risk. Conclusions In a prospective cohort of healthy middle-aged men, the presence of a high aCL antibody level is an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction or cardiac death. Antibodies to cardiolipin and oxidized LDL may, at least in part, represent cross-reactive antibody populations.
Differential Expression of Tissue Factor Protein in Directional Atherectomy Specimens From Patients With Stable and Unstable Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Brian H. Annex, Stephen M. Denning, Keith M. Channon, Michael H. Sketch, Richard S. Stack, James H. Morrissey, Kevin G. Peters
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Tissue factor (TF) is a cell membrane–associated protein that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, which is the major source of thrombin production in vivo. To explore the potential role that TF may play in ischemic coronary syndromes, directional coronary atherectomy specimens were tested for the presence of TF protein using immunohistochemical techniques. Methods and Results Frozen sections from atherectomy specimens in 61 patients were examined for TF expression using an IgG murine monoclonal antibody against human TF. Patients were classified according to their admission diagnosis as having either an unstable or a stable coronary syndrome. An unstable coronary syndrome was defined as either angina pectoris occurring at rest or post–myocardial infarction (&lt;1 week) angina. Stable coronary syndromes included patients with stable, progressive, and new-onset (&lt;6 weeks) angina without rest pain. TF was detected in 15 (43%) of 35 patients with unstable coronary syndromes versus only 3 (12%) of 26 patients with stable coronary syndromes (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 24.3; P =.018). Within the subgroup of patients with unstable coronary syndromes, TF was detected in 14 (60%) of 25 patients with de novo lesions versus only 1 (10%) of 10 patients with a restenosis lesion ( P &lt;.02). An additional 8 patients with stable coronary syndromes due to a restenosis lesion were also negative for TF. Therefore, the overall incidence of TF expression was only 6% (1 of 18) in restenosis lesions compared with 33% (14 of 43) in de novo lesions ( P &lt;.03). Conclusions This study provides the first description of TF protein expression in human coronary artery lesions in vivo. Tissue factor was readily detected in de novo lesions in patients with unstable coronary syndromes, suggesting a role for TF in the pathogenesis of this disease process. Conversely, TF was rarely detected in patients with restenosis lesions even if the resulting clinical presentation was an unstable coronary syndrome. These results may have implications for the management of patients with unstable angina from de novo lesions and patients with ischemic symptoms from a restenosis lesion.
Imiquimod 2.5% and 3.75% for the treatment of actinic keratoses: Results of two placebo-controlled studies of daily application to the face and balding scalp for two 2-week cycles
Authors: Neil Swanson, William Abramovits, Brian Berman, James Kulp, Darrell S. Rigel, Sharon Levy
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2010)
Acute Renal Failure Due to Nontraumatic Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: ALAN KOFFLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Twenty-one patients developed acute renal failure in association with nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria. The illness followed an overdose of ethanol, heroin, or other depressant drugs in 18 patients. Lethargy or coma was present in 17 patients and muscle swelling in 11. Evidence of rhabdomyolysis included markedly elevated creatine phosphokinase, myoglobinuria, and aldolase in blood. Initial biochemical findings were similar to those of acute renal failure due to other causes, but the abnormalities were exaggerated. There was a disproportionate rise in serum creatinine concentration in relation to serum urea nitrogen concentration. Profound hyperuricemia was present in most patients. Transient hypercalcemia developed during the diuretic phase in 5 patients. One patient died. We conclude that nontraumatic myoglobinuria with acute renal failure is not infrequent and may occur after an overdose of ethanol or heroin. The disease has good prognosis despite severe hypercatabolism and untreated profound hyperuricemia.
Treatment of Bereavement-Related Major Depressive Episodes in Later Life: A Controlled Study of Acute and Continuation Treatment With Nortriptyline and Interpersonal Psychotherapy
Authors: Charles F. Reynolds, Mark D. Miller, Rona E. Pasternak, Ellen Frank, James M. Perel, Cleon Cornes, Patricia R. Houck, Sati Mazumdar, Mary Amanda Dew, David J. Kupfer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)
Renin–Angiotensin System Blockade Therapy After Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement for Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Sachin S. Goel, Olcay Aksoy, Supriya Gupta, Penny L. Houghtaling, E. Murat Tuzcu, Thomas Marwick, Tomislav Mihaljevic, Lars Svensson, Eugene H. Blackstone, Brian P. Griffin, William J. Stewart, Benico Barzilai, Venu Menon, Samir R. Kapadia
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Background: Data are lacking on the effect of renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blockade therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for severe aortic stenosis (AS). Objective: To investigate the association between RAS blockade therapy and outcomes after SAVR for severe AS. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Single tertiary referral care center. Patients: Patients who were prescribed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers after SAVR for severe AS between 1991 and 2010 who had at least 2 refills 90 days apart and at least a 6-month follow-up constituted the RAS blockade group (n = 741). Patients who did not receive these prescriptions were in the untreated group (n = 1011). Unadjusted and propensity-matched analyses (594 matched pairs of treated and untreated patients) were performed. Measurements: The primary outcome was survival rates after SAVR. Secondary end points were changes in left ventricular mass index, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left atrial size. Results: Overall unadjusted estimated survival rates at 1, 5, and 10 years were significantly greater in the RAS blockade group than in the non–RAS blockade group (99%, 90%, and 60% vs. 99%, 81%, and 53%, respectively; P < 0.001). Among propensity-matched patients, estimated survival rates at 1, 5, and 10 years remained significantly greater in the RAS blockade group than in the non–RAS blockade group (99%, 90%, and 71% vs. 96%, 78%, and 49%, respectively; P < 0.001). For the matched cohorts, the groups did not significantly differ in the change in left ventricular mass index (P = 0.37), left ventricular ejection fraction (P = 0.67), or left atrial size (P = 0.43) after SAVR on echocardiographic analysis. Limitation: Retrospective, single-center analysis. Conclusion: Renin–angiotensin system blockade therapy is associated with increased survival rates in patients after SAVR for severe AS. A randomized trial of RAS blockade therapy after SAVR should be considered. Primary Funding Source: None.
NCCN Guidelines Insights: Multiple Myeloma, Version 3.2016
Authors: Kenneth C. Anderson, Melissa Alsina, Djordje Atanackovic, J. Sybil Biermann, Jason C. Chandler, Caitlin Costello, Benjamin Djulbegovic, Henry C. Fung, Cristina Gasparetto, Kelly Godby, Craig Hofmeister, Leona Holmberg, Sarah Holstein, Carol Ann Huff, Adetola Kassim, Amrita Y. Krishnan, Shaji K. Kumar, Michaela Liedtke, Matthew Lunning, Noopur Raje, Frederic J. Reu, Seema Singhal, George Somlo, Keith Stockerl-Goldstein, Steven P. Treon, Donna Weber, Joachim Yahalom, Dorothy A. Shead, Rashmi Kumar
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2016)

These NCCN Guidelines Insights highlight the important updates/changes specific to the 2016 version of the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology for Multiple Myeloma. These changes include updated recommendations to the overall management of multiple myeloma from diagnosis and staging to new treatment options.
Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) Study
Authors: Martial G. Bourassa, Genell L. Knatterud, Carl J. Pepine, George Sopko, William J. Rogers, Nancy L. Geller, Ihor Dyrda, Sandra A. Forman, Bernard R. Chaitman, Barry Sharaf, Richard F. Davies, C. Richard Conti
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Cardiac ischemia on the ambulatory ECG (AECG) and/or on the exercise treadmill test (ETT) is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcome. Myocardial revascularization more often suppresses cardiac ischemia than does medical management alone. However, few studies have compared the effects of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with those of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on cardiac ischemia and clinical outcome. Methods and Results A total of 558 patients were randomly assigned to one of three treatment strategies in the Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) study: angina-guided medical strategy (n=184), ischemia-guided medical strategy (n=182), or revascularization (n=192). In patients assigned to revascularization, the choice of the procedure, PTCA or CABG, was made by the clinical unit staff and patient based on a coronary angiogram usually performed within 2 months of enrollment. CABG was selected in 78 patients and PTCA in 92 patients. At 12 weeks, ischemia on the AECG was suppressed in 70% of CABG patients versus 46% of PTCA patients ( P =.002). Ischemia on the ETT was no longer present in 46% versus 23% of the patients, respectively ( P =.005). Angina, within 4 weeks of the follow-up visit, was absent in 90% versus 68%, respectively ( P =.001). These clinical variables remained improved in both groups at 1 year. Clinical events (myocardial infarction or repeat revascularization) occurred in 1 CABG patient versus 7 PTCA patients at 12 weeks, and in 1 versus 16 patients, respectively, at 12 months ( P &lt;.001). Conclusions Ischemia on the AECG and ETT and angina were relieved in many patients after both procedures; however, CABG was superior to PTCA, and it was associated with a lower incidence of clinical events at 1 year. These results suggest that more complete revascularization relates to better clinical outcome. However, a large trial is needed to confirm these results.
Rates and characteristics of postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer in the Swedish IBD population: what are the differences from a non-IBD population?
Authors: Jessica Stjärngrim, Anders Ekbom, Ulf Hammar, Rolf Hultcrantz, Anna M Forsberg
Journal: Gut (2018)

Objective The rate of postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) is considered a key quality indicator of colonoscopy; little is known about PCCRC in IBD. Design A population-based cohort study of colonoscopies in Sweden from 2001 to 2010 was conducted. Individuals with a colorectal cancer (CRC) detected within 36 months after a colonoscopy were identified and stratified on UC, Crohn’s disease (CD) or non-IBD. The CRCs were classified as detected CRCs (dCRC) (0–6 months) or as PCCRCs (6–36 months). PCCRC rates were calculated by the number of false negative/(the number of true positive+the number of false negative) colonoscopies. Poisson regression analysis was employed to examine the association between PCCRC and IBD (CD and UC) diagnosis, age, gender, location, time period and comorbidities. Results We identified 348 232 colonoscopies in 270 918 individuals. Of these, 27 123 were performed on 14 597 individuals with CD, and 51 572 were performed on 26 513 individuals with UC. There were 13 317 CRCs in the non-IBD group, 133 in the CD group and 281 in the UC group. The PCCRC rate in the CD group was 28.3% and 41.0% in the UC group. The RR for a PCCRC was 3.82 (95% CI 2.94 to 4.96) in CD and 5.89 (95% CI 5.10 to 6.80) in UC, compared with non-IBD. The highest risk was observed among rectal cancer location in CD and in younger individuals with UC. Conclusion The high rates of PCCRC in young patients with UC and for rectal cancer location in CD might affect future performance of IBD surveillance.
Exposure to Pets in Childhood and Risk of Atopic Disorders
Authors: Gerald Ente
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Exposure to Pets in Childhood and Risk of Atopic Disorders—Reply
Authors: Thomas A. E. Platts-Mills, Elizabeth Erwin, Judith Woodfolk, Richard Sporik
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal