tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors for long COVID and post-COVID-19 condition in Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Sophie Alice Müller, Lynda Isaaka, Rebekka Mumm, Christa Scheidt-Nave, Katharina Heldt, Angela Schuster, Mohammed Abdulaziz, Charbel El Bcheraoui, Johanna Hanefeld, Ambrose Agweyu
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2023)

An improved estimation of the clinical sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial in African countries, where the subject has received little attention despite more than 12 million reported cases and evidence that many more people were infected. We reviewed the evidence on prevalence, associated risk factors for long COVID, and systemic or sociocultural determinants of reporting long COVID.
Avoid re-interpreting fluid bolus recommendations for low-income settings – Authors’ reply
Authors: Suchitra Ranjit, Niranjan Kissoon, Andrew Argent, David Inwald, Andréa Maria Cordeiro Ventura, Roberto Jaborinsky, Jhuma Sankar, Daniela Carla de Souza, Rajeswari Natraj, Claudio Flauzino De Oliveira, Rujipat Samransamruajkit, Muralidharan Jayashree, Luregn J Schlapbach
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2023)
Prevalence of molecular markers of resistance to sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine before and after community delivery of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country evaluation
Authors: Antía Figueroa-Romero, Daniel Bissombolo, Martin Meremikwu, Arsène Ratsimbasoa, Charfudin Sacoor, Iwara Arikpo, Elsha Lemba, Abel Nhama, Rianasoambolanoro Rakotosaona, Mireia Llach, Clara Pons-Duran, Sergi Sanz, Laurence Ma, Cécile Doderer-Lang, Christina Maly, Elaine Roman, Franco Pagnoni, Alfredo Mayor, Didier Menard, Raquel González, Clara Menéndez
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2023)
Maternal and congenital syphilis attributable to ethnoracial inequalities: a national record-linkage longitudinal study of 15 million births in Brazil
Authors: Enny S Paixao, Andrêa J F Ferreira, Julia M Pescarini, Kerry L M Wong, Emanuelle Goes, Rosemeire Fiaccone, Guilherme Lopes de Oliveira, Poliana Reboucas, Andrey Moreira Cardoso, Liam Smeeth, Mauricio L Barreto, Laura C Rodrigues, Maria Yury Ichihara
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2023)
Flashback Foreword: Erlotinib and Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Andrew H. Ko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

Article Tools FLASHBACK FOREWORD Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES JCO Flashback: A Comparison of Erlotinib Plus Gemcitabine vs Gemcitabine Alone in Treating Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (2007). October 17, 2023 Erlotinib Plus Gemcitabine Compared With Gemcitabine Alone in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Phase III Trial of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. October 17, 2023 ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.23.00222 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print October 17, 2023 PMID: 37847994 Flashback Foreword: Erlotinib and Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Cancer Andrew H. Ko, MD, FASCO1,2xAndrew H. KoSearch for articles by this author Show More 1Associate Editor, Journal of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA2University of California San Francisco Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.23.00222 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2023 by American Society of Clinical OncologyTHE TAKEAWAYIn 2007, Moore et al1 published results of a randomized phase III trial, which demonstrated a statistically significant survival benefit from the addition of erlotinib, an oral antiepidermal growth factor receptor, to gemcitabine for the first-line treatment of advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The positive study result was a rarity among phase III trials conducted in pancreatic cancer during that era and led to US Food and Drug Administration approval of erlotinib for this disease indication. Although this regimen has since largely been supplanted by other chemotherapy combinations with greater efficacy, this study was of considerable impact and interest at the time, providing an important proof of principle regarding the promise of targeted therapies for a notoriously difficult-to-treat disease. Companion JCO Flashback: A Comparison of Erlotinib Plus Gemcitabine vs Gemcitabine Alone in Treating Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (2007) Erlotinib Plus Gemcitabine Compared With Gemcitabine Alone in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Phase III Trial of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group
Erlotinib Plus Gemcitabine Compared With Gemcitabine Alone in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Phase III Trial of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group
Authors: Malcolm J. Moore, David Goldstein, John Hamm, Arie Figer, Joel R. Hecht, Steven Gallinger, Heather J. Au, Pawel Murawa, David Walde, Robert A. Wolff, Daniel Campos, Robert Lim, Keyue Ding, Gary Clark, Theodora Voskoglou-Nomikos, Mieke Ptasynski, Wendy Parulekar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

Patients with advanced pancreatic cancer have a poor prognosis and there have been no improvements in survival since the introduction of gemcitabine in 1996. Pancreatic tumors often overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor type 1 (HER1/EGFR) and this is associated with a worse prognosis. We studied the effects of adding the HER1/EGFR-targeted agent erlotinib to gemcitabine in patients with unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic pancreatic cancer.
Insights into RAG Evolution from the Identification of “Missing Link” Family A <i>RAGL</i> Transposons
Authors: Eliza C Martin, Lorlane Le Targa, Louis Tsakou-Ngouafo, Tzu-Pei Fan, Che-Yi Lin, Jianxiong Xiao, Ziwen Huang, Shaochun Yuan, Anlong Xu, Yi-Hsien Su, Andrei-Jose Petrescu, Pierre Pontarotti, David G Schatz
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2023)

Abstract A series of “molecular domestication” events are thought to have converted an invertebrate RAG-like (RAGL) transposase into the RAG1–RAG2 (RAG) recombinase, a critical enzyme for adaptive immunity in jawed vertebrates. The timing and order of these events are not well understood, in part because of a dearth of information regarding the invertebrate RAGL-A transposon family. In contrast to the abundant and divergent RAGL-B transposon family, RAGL-A most closely resembles RAG and is represented by a single orphan RAG1-like (RAG1L) gene in the genome of the hemichordate Ptychodera flava (PflRAG1L-A). Here, we provide evidence for the existence of complete RAGL-A transposons in the genomes of P. flava and several echinoderms. The predicted RAG1L-A and RAG2L-A proteins encoded by these transposons intermingle sequence features of jawed vertebrate RAG and RAGL-B transposases, leading to a prediction of DNA binding, catalytic, and transposition activities that are a hybrid of RAG and RAGL-B. Similarly, the terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) of the RAGL-A transposons combine features of both RAGL-B transposon TIRs and RAG recombination signal sequences. Unlike all previously described RAG2L proteins, RAG2L-A proteins contain an acidic hinge region, which we demonstrate is capable of efficiently inhibiting RAG-mediated transposition. Our findings provide evidence for a critical intermediate in RAG evolution and argue that certain adaptations thought to be specific to jawed vertebrates (e.g. the RAG2 acidic hinge) actually arose in invertebrates, thereby focusing attention on other adaptations as the pivotal steps in the completion of RAG domestication in jawed vertebrates.
TCT-247 Hemodynamic Comparison of Resilia and Sapien 3/Ultra Transcatheter Heart Valves in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Hiroki Ueyama, Joe Xie, George Hanzel, Isida Byku, Gaetano Paone, Kendra Grubb, Chandan Devireddy, Adam Greenbaum, Vasilis Babaliaros, Patrick Gleason
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2023)
A critical role of the endothelial S-phase kinase-associated protein 2/phosphatase and tensin homologue axis in angiogenesis and psoriasis
Authors: Xinya Xie, Qi Cui, Tingting Jiang, Ziwei Zhao, Zheyi Liu, Jia Liu, Qinyu Yao, Yuxin Wang, Erle Dang, Gang Wang, Lei Xiao, Nanping Wang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Abstract Background Psoriasis is a common chronic skin disorder. Pathologically, it features abnormal epidermal proliferation, infiltrating inflammatory cells and increased angiogenesis in the dermis. Aberrant expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase and a dysregulated protein ubiquitination system are implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Objectives To examine the potential role of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), an E3 ligase and oncogene, in psoriasis. Methods Gene expression and protein levels were evaluated with quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining of skin samples from patients with psoriasis vulgaris and an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse model, as well as from cultured endothelial cells (ECs). Protein interaction, substrate ubiquitination and degradation were examined using co-immunoprecipitation, Western blotting and a cycloheximide chase assay in human umbilical vein ECs. Angiogenesis was measured in vitro using human dermal microvascular ECs (HDMECs) for BrdU incorporation, migration and tube formation. In vivo angiogenesis assays included chick embryonic chorioallantoic membrane, the Matrigel plug assay and quantification of vasculature in the mouse lesions. Skp2 gene global knockout (KO) mice and endothelial-specific conditional KO mice were used. Results Skp2 was increased in skin samples from patients with psoriasis and IMQ-induced mouse lesions. Immunofluorescent double staining indicated a close association of Skp2 expression with excessive vascularity in the lesional dermal papillae. In HDMECs, Skp2 overexpression was enhanced, whereas Skp2 knockdown inhibited EC proliferation, migration and tube-like structure formation. Mechanistically, phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), which suppresses the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway, was identified to be a novel substrate for Skp2-mediated ubiquitination. A selective inhibitor of Skp2 (C1) or Skp2 small interfering RNA significantly reduced vascular endothelial growth factor-triggered PTEN ubiquitination and degradation. In addition, Skp2-mediated ubiquitination depended on the phosphorylation of PTEN by glycogen synthase kinase 3β. In the mouse model, Skp2 gene deficiency alleviated IMQ-induced psoriasis. Importantly, tamoxifen-induced endothelial-specific Skp2 KO mice developed significantly ameliorated psoriasis with diminished angiogenesis of papillae. Furthermore, topical use of the Skp2 inhibitor C1 effectively prevented the experimental psoriasis. Conclusions The Skp2/PTEN axis may play an important role in psoriasis-associated angiogenesis. Thus, targeting Skp2-driven angiogenesis may be a potential approach to treating psoriasis.
Janus kinase inhibitor for anti-transcription intermediary factor 1-γ positive cancer-associated dermatomyositis
Authors: Wanlong Wu, Jinju Chen, Linling Zhu, Yaping Sha, Kaiwen Wang, Jiangfeng Zhao, Chunhua Ye, Shuang Ye
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

In this retrospective case series, off-label use of Janus kinase inhibitor rapidly and significantly ameliorated the active cutaneous disease in all five glucocorticoid-resistant patients with cancer-associated dermatomyositis who had anti-transcription intermediary factor 1-γ antibodies, showing a promising steroid-sparing effect and a generally well-tolerated safety profile beyond 1-year follow-up.
Association Between Atrial Fibrillation and Diabetes-Related Complications: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Soonil Kwon, So-Ryoung Lee, Eue-Keun Choi, Hyo-Jeong Ahn, Seung-Woo Lee, Jin-Hyung Jung, Kyung-Do Han, Seil Oh, Gregory Y.H. Lip
Journal: Diabetes Care (2023)

This study aimed to investigate the associations between concurrent atrial fibrillation and diabetes-related complications among patients with diabetes.This nationwide observational cohort study used the health checkup database from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Patients diagnosed with diabetes who underwent health checkups between 2009 and 2012 were investigated. The patients with atrial fibrillation were matched in a 1:5 ratio with those without atrial fibrillation using propensity scores. Study outcomes included macrovascular, microvascular (diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy), and diabetic foot complications. The risks of clinical outcomes were measured using hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs.A total of 65,760 patients with diabetes were analyzed (54,800 without atrial fibrillation and 10,960 with atrial fibrillation). After well-balanced propensity score matching, atrial fibrillation was associated with significantly higher risks of macrovascular complications (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.09-1.16), diabetic nephropathy (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.16-1.30), and diabetic foot complications (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.09-1.17) compared with no atrial fibrillation, while the risk of diabetic retinopathy was comparable (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.96-1.03). Patients with atrial fibrillation had a significantly higher risk of diabetic foot amputation (HR 4.12, 95% CI 1.98-8.56).Among patients with diabetes, concurrent atrial fibrillation was associated with increased risks for diabetes-related macrovascular complications, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic foot. Such patients require holistic management to reduce the risk of adverse outcomes.
An Elderly Woman With Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Amr Idris, João L. Cavalcante, David Lin
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

A woman in her 90s presented to the emergency department with fever, hemoptysis, and syncopal episodes. An electrocardiogram showed monomorphic ventricular tachycardia with a morphology suggesting right ventricular (RV) origin. What would you do next?
Interleukin-17A derived from mast cells: evidence for an autoinflammatory loop in hidradenitis suppurativa?
Authors: Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Journal Article Interleukin-17A derived from mast cells: evidence for an autoinflammatory loop in hidradenitis suppurativa? Get access Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis Conceptualization, Software, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece Email: egiamarel@med.uoa.gr https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4713-3911 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 189, Issue 6, December 2023, Pages 651–652, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljad400 Published: 18 October 2023 Article history Accepted: 17 September 2023 Received: 10 October 2023 Published: 18 October 2023 Corrected and typeset: 03 November 2023
Generalized Verrucosis on a Background of 3C Syndrome Treated With Subcutaneous IgG Supplementation
Authors: Ryo Fukaura, Chiaki Terashima-Murase, Kana Tanahashi, Yoshitaka Sato, Masaaki Kawase, Kohji Kato, Masashi Akiyama
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2023)

This case report describes a man in his 20s with 3C/Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome who presented to the dermatology department after developing multiple skin lesions.
Characterization of Immunosuppressive Myeloid Cells in Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Correlation with Resistance to PD-1 Pathway Blockade
Authors: Shira Tabachnick-Cherny, Thomas Pulliam, Haroldo J. Rodriguez, Xinyi Fan, Daniel S. Hippe, Daniel C. Jones, Ata S. Moshiri, Kimberly S. Smythe, Rima M. Kulikauskas, Lisa C. Zaba, Kelly G. Paulson, Paul Nghiem
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

Abstract Purpose: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly immunogenic skin cancer. Although essentially all MCCs are antigenic through viral antigens or high tumor mutation burden, MCC has a response rate of only approximately 50% to PD-(L)1 blockade suggesting barriers to T-cell responses. Prior studies of MCC immunobiology have focused on CD8 T-cell infiltration and their exhaustion status, while the role of innate immunity, particularly myeloid cells, in MCC remains underexplored. Experimental Design: We utilized single-cell transcriptomics from 9 patients with MCC and multiplex IHC staining of 54 patients’ preimmunotherapy tumors, to identify myeloid cells and evaluate association with immunotherapy response. Results: Single-cell transcriptomics identified tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) as the dominant myeloid component within MCC tumors. These TAMs express an immunosuppressive gene signature characteristic of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells and importantly express several targetable immune checkpoint molecules, including PD-L1 and LILRB receptors, that are not present on tumor cells. Analysis of 54 preimmunotherapy tumor samples showed that a subset of TAMs (CD163+, CD14+, S100A8+) selectively infiltrated tumors that had significant CD8 T cells. Indeed, higher TAM prevalence was associated with resistance to PD-1 blockade. While spatial interactions between TAMs and CD8 T cells were not associated with response, myeloid transcriptomic data showed evidence for cytokine signaling and expression of LILRB receptors, suggesting potential immunosuppressive mechanisms. Conclusions: This study further characterizes TAMs in MCC tumors and provides insights into their possible immunosuppressive mechanism. TAMs may reduce the likelihood of treatment response in MCC by counteracting the benefit of CD8 T-cell infiltration. See related commentary by Silk and Davar, p. 1076
Black cancer patients navigating a health-care system of racial discrimination
Authors: Elleyse Garrett, Cindy Ma, Carol Y Ochoa-Dominguez, Stephanie Navarro, Paul Yoon, Chanita Hughes Halbert, Albert J Farias
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2023)

Abstract Background Exposure to racial discrimination may exacerbate disparities throughout the cancer care continuum. Therefore, we explored how experiences of racial discrimination in the health-care setting manifest for Black cancer patients and how it contributes to racial disparities in cancer care. Methods This qualitative analysis used semistructured in-depth interviews with Black cancer survivors not on active treatment from May 2019 to March 2020. All interviews were audio recorded, professionally transcribed, and uploaded into Dedoose software for analysis. We identified major themes and subthemes that highlight exposure to racial discrimination and its consequences for Black cancer patients when receiving cancer care. Results Participants included 18 Black cancer survivors, aged 29-88 years. Most patients experienced racial discrimination when seeking care. Participants experienced racial discrimination from their interactions with health-care staff, medical assistants, front desk staff, and health insurance administrators. Exposure to overt racial discrimination in the health-care setting was rooted in racial stereotypes and manifested through verbal insults such as physicians using phrases such as “you people.” These experiences impacted the ability of the health-care delivery system to demonstrate trustworthiness. Patients noted “walking out” of their visit and not having their health issues addressed. Despite experiences with racial discrimination, patients still sought care out of necessity believing it was an inevitable part of the Black individual experience. Conclusion We identified that exposure to racial discrimination in the health-care setting is pervasive, affects health-seeking behaviors, and degrades the patient–clinician relationship, which may likely contribute to racial disparities in cancer care.
Deep Learning to Identify Undiagnosed AF Using ECGs in Sinus Rhythm—Should We Rewire Our Models?
Authors: Mark S. Brahier, Jonathan P. Piccini
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Expansion of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening and Ultrasound Utilization and Diagnosis
Authors: Vy Thuy Ho, John H. Cabot, Elizabeth L. George, Manuel Garcia-Toca, Jonathan H. Chen, Steven M. Asch, Jason T. Lee
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

This cohort study uses a deidentified national administrative claims database to assess the association of eligibility expansion with abdominal aortic aneurysm screening and diagnosis.
Population-Modifiable Risk Factors Associated With Childhood Stunting in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kedir Y. Ahmed, Abel F. Dadi, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Andrew Page, Kingsley E. Agho, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki, Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema, Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale, Tesfa Sewunet Alamneh, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Robel Hussen Kabthymer, Koku Sisay Tamirat, Allen G. Ross
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Identifying modifiable risk factors associated with childhood stunting in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is imperative for the development of evidence-based interventions and to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.To evaluate key modifiable risk factors associated with childhood stunting in SSA.This cross-sectional study examined the most recent (2014-2021) Demographic and Health Surveys data for children younger than 5 years from 25 SSA countries.Modifiable risk factors included history of diarrhea within 2 weeks, consumption of dairy products, maternal body mass index, maternal educational level, antenatal care visits, place of birth, wealth index, type of toilet, and type of cooking fuel.Stunting and severe stunting, measured using the height-for-age z score, were the main outcomes. Children who scored below -2.0 SDs or -3.0 SDs were classified as having stunted or severely stunted growth, respectively. Relative risks and 95% CIs were computed using generalized linear latent and mixed models and log-binomial link functions. Population-attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated using adjusted relative risks and prevalence estimates for key modifiable risk factors.This study included 145 900 children from 25 SSA countries. The mean (SD) age of the children was 29.4 (17.3) months, and 50.6% were male. The highest PAFs of severe childhood stunting were observed for mothers lacking a formal education (PAF, 21.9%; 95% CI, 19.0%-24.8%), children lacking consumption of dairy products (PAF, 20.8%; 95% CI, 16.8%-24.9%), unclean cooking fuel (PAF, 9.5%; 95% CI, 2.6%-16.3%), home birth (PAF, 8.3%; 95% CI, 6.3%-10.0%), and low-income household (PAF, 5.8%; 95% CI, 3.4%-8.0%). These 5 modifiable risk factors were associated with 51.6% (95% CI, 40.5%-60.9%) of the severe childhood stunting in SSA.This cross-sectional study identified 5 modifiable risk factors that were associated with 51.6% of severe childhood stunting in SSA. These factors should be a priority for policy makers when considering future child health interventions to address chronic malnutrition in SSA.