tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The birth of granulocytes
Authors: M. Tavassoli
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Like all blood cells, granulocytes are produced in the extravascular space of the bone marrow through the differentiation of hemopoietic stem cells that can also produce red cells and platelets. Stem cells differentiate into progenitor cells committed to the production of granulocytes and macrophages. These progenitor cells, although morphologically not recognizable, can form granulocytic colonies in culture and, hence, are known as colony-forming units in culture. They further differentiate into recognizable myeloblasts, which first develop primary granules and then specific neutrophilic granules. When they are fully mature, they crawl to the abluminal surface of specialized vascular structures, known as sinusoids. Here, on the body's demand and in the presence of appropriate stimuli, they penetrate the cytoplasm of sinusoidal endothelium, entering the lumen and thence into the circulation. Humoral factors such as corticosteroids, immune mediators (eg, complement components), and possibly lymphokines (eg, interleukins) may function as the mediator of their egress.
Prolonged Infusion of Gemcitabine: Clinical and Pharmacodynamic Studies During a Phase I Trial in Relapsed Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Varsha Gandhi, William Plunkett, Min Du, Mary Ayres, Elihu H. Estey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To determine the maximum tolerated duration of infusions at the fixed gemcitabine dose rate of 10 mg/m 2 /min and to analyze the pharmacodynamic actions in leukemia blasts during gemcitabine therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in a phase I trial by escalating the duration of gemcitabine infusion at a fixed-dose rate of 10 mg/m 2 /min. Patients with relapsed or refractory acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) received gemcitabine for 8.0 (n = 3), 10.0 (n = 3), 12.5 (n = 8), 15.5 (n = 3), or 18.0 hours (n = 2). Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigations were undertaken in circulating AML blasts. RESULTS: Gemcitabine was infused for up to 18 hours at the fixed-dose rate. Four patients had grade 3 toxicities at longer infusion schedules. One patient had a partial remission; two others had a reduction in blasts and concomitant rise in neutrophils. Gemcitabine triphosphate was detectable in AML cells even at 1 hour after the start of infusion in eight patients. The concentration ranged from 130 to 900 μmol/L at the end of the infusion. Consistently, there was a rapid decline in DNA synthesis, which remained suppressed at 85% to 95% during and for at least 10 hours after the end of the infusion. Compared with levels in cells measured before therapy, at 8 hours after the start of the infusion, there was a decline in the cellular purine deoxynucleotide pools. CONCLUSION: At the fixed-dose rate of 10 mg/m 2 /min, gemcitabine could be administered for longer than 12 hours without untoward toxicity. The favorable toxicity profile and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features warrant combination with DNA-damaging agents.
Errata
Authors: Patricia M. Greenfield
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1992)

Due to a printer error, the wrong graph was printed on p. 578 of the Author's Response for “Language, Tools and Brain,” by Patricia M. Greenfield, BBS (1991), 14(4):531–95. The correct graph is presented below. Note that, at 16 months, Strategy 2, the pot strategy, was dominant for five children, whereas Strategy 1, the pairing strategy, was dominant for three children.
SENSITIVITY
Authors: EUGEN KAHN, HELEN G. RICHTER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1939)

We have discussed four varieties of sensitivity which have the common denominator of a "considerable degree of emotionally charged impressibility." This we consider the essence of sensitivity. Sensitivity is experienced in different ways by the individual and by the group. Vulnerability is a dominating personality trait; the pattern of the vulnerable is withdrawal. The social group is disinterested in such non-participants. Touchiness is a spotted sort of sensitivity; it is manifested in episodic aggressiveness. The touchy is apt to project his hurt feelings. Although it is not a dominating personality trait, it is so common and familiar that the group tolerates it well. Empathy is characterized by cool curiosity; it permits the establishment of a one-sided relationship in which the empathetic contacts without being contacted himself. Empathy is socially accepted. Symphoria is sensitivity in the medium of human warmth; the communication and participation of the symphoric with his fellowmen determines the high esteem he enjoys among them. Emotional impressibility rests on hereditary-constitutional grounds, which does not mean that it can be dealt with as a Mendelian character. It is shaped within the whole makeup of the individual and definitely modified—essentially in its expression— by the social group in which the emotionally impressible person grows and develops. Any variety of sensitivity has a bearing on the individual's attitude towards other people, towards the group. This attitude is fed (given content) by social-cultural forces, by living and experiencing with and in a group. The group may either foster or prohibit overt expression of any of the varieties of sensitivity. It may taboo any kind and number of cultural factors which serve as sources and contents for the expression of emotional impressibility. Hence we have to judge an individual's sensitivity according to the social-cultural background on which he learns to express or to suppress it. The individual somehow realizes how his group expects him to behave. If he does not or cannot conform to the group's expectation, he feels uneasy, insecure, anxious—such feelings are obviously expressed by the vulnerable and the touchy. On the other hand, the empathetic and the symphoric conform, their very sensitivity is helpful in their overt adjustment; they can and do experience it, each on his own terms, as an asset of their personality and as an asset for the group.
Abstract 16508: Effect of Disclosure of Genetic Risk for Coronary Heart Disease on Information Seeking and Information Sharing in a Randomized Clinical Trial (from the MI-GENES Investigators)
Authors: Sherry-Ann Brown, Hayan Jouni, Erin Austin, Tariq Marroush, Iftikhar Kullo
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Whether disclosing genetic risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) to individuals influences information seeking and information sharing is not known. Methods: The myocardial infarction genes (MI-GENES) trial randomized participants aged 45-65 years who were at intermediate risk for CHD based on conventional risk factors and not on statins, to receive their conventional risk score (CRS) or their CRS plus a genetic risk score (GRS) based on 28 susceptibility variants. CHD risk was disclosed by a genetic counselor and then discussed with a physician. Surveys to assess information seeking (including internet use and accessing electronic health records (EHR)) were completed before and three and six months after risk disclosure. Information sharing parameters were assessed after risk disclosure. We assessed whether these behaviors differed by GRS disclosure, or by high (≥1.1) or low (&lt;1.1) GRS. Adjustments were made for age, sex, family history of CHD, baseline CRS and GRS, and education. Results were reported as the mean difference (and standard error) in the score for each survey response between the GRS and CRS participants, with significance determined by regression analysis. Results: GRS participants accessed their EHR to obtain information related to their CHD risk more than CRS participants (0.14 ± 0.06, p=0.03). Overall internet use (0.61 ± 0.23, p=0.01), as well as internet use to seek information about heart disease (0.14 ± 0.06, p=0.02) and how genetic factors affect risk of having a heart attack (0.23 ± 0.07, p=0.002), was significantly higher in the GRS participants. GRS participants shared information about heart attack risk with others (0.35 ± 0.13, p=0.007), particularly family members (0.1 ± 0.04, p=0.02), (V4: 0.10 ± 0.05, p=0.05), and their primary care provider (V4: 0.15 ± 0.07, p=0.03) more than CRS participants. Internet use, EHR access, and information sharing did not differ significantly between the high and low GRS groups. Conclusions: Disclosure of GRS for CHD resulted in greater information seeking (including internet use and EHR access) and information sharing by study participants. Disclosure of genetic risk for CHD may help advance patient engagement in precision medicine.
What's new in the other general journals
Authors: Alison Tonks
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The worsening obesity epidemic in the United States has led to a proliferation of hospitals offering bariatric surgery. By 2003, 1111 or nearly a quarter of all US hospitals did bariatric surgery, three times more than in 1997. Credit: JAMA In response to concerns about the expertise and facilities available in these hospitals, researchers from Ann Arbor, Michigan, examined data from two national surveys to find out more about the hospitals. They found that in 2003 most patients (77%) had their bariatric surgery in high volume centres where staff performed more than 100 procedures a year. If anything, these hospitals looked bigger and better equipped than other US hospitals, with more operating theatres, more beds, bigger intensive care units, and more staff. Less than 10% of patients had their surgery in low volume centres performing fewer than 50 procedures a year. While these findings are reassuring, they fall a long way short of guaranteeing safety for the increasing number of morbidly obese patients who want a surgical solution, write the authors. They want better data on quality, and the mechanisms to improve it, from all centres offering bariatric surgery. JAMA 2006;295: 282–4 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Sex selection has been illegal in India since 1994, but it's still common. Analysis of data from a detailed and representative survey of 1.1 million Indian households found that for every 1000 boys born in 1997 there were only 899 girls. In families that already had one girl the ratio was 759 girls per 1000 boys; in families with two girls, it was 719. The sex ratio was about equal among families with one or more boys. The female to male sex ratio for second children was lowest among educated urban women with a daughter (683 girls for every 1000 boys). The authors estimate that about half a million girls went … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%26rft.stitle%253DJAMA%26rft.issn%253D0002-9955%26rft.aulast%253DBirkmeyer%26rft.auinit1%253DN.%2BJ.%2BO.%26rft.volume%253D295%26rft.issue%253D3%26rft.spage%253D282%26rft.epage%253D284%26rft.atitle%253DCharacteristics%2Bof%2BHospitals%2BPerforming%2BBariatric%2BSurgery%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjama.295.3.282-c%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F16418461%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/jama.295.3.282-c&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=16418461&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fbmj%2F332%2F7535%2F225.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000234684500020&link_type=ISI
Bevacizumab plus interferon-alpha versus interferon-alpha monotherapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Results of overall survival for CALGB 90206
Authors: B. I. Rini, S. Halabi, J. Rosenberg, W. M. Stadler, D. A. Vaena, J. N. Atkins, J. Picus, P. Czaykowski, J. Dutcher, E. J. Small
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

LBA5019 Background: Bevacizumab (BEV) plus interferon alpha (IFN) demonstrated a superior objective response rate and progression-free survival (PFS) versus IFN monotherapy in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients in 2 phase III trials. The primary objective of CALGB 90206 was to compare overall survival (OS) for advanced RCC patients receiving BEV plus IFN or IFN alone. Methods: Patients with previously-untreated, metastatic RCC with a clear cell component and Karnofsky performance status of ≥ 70% were eligible. Patients were prospectively randomized to receive BEV (10 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks) plus IFN (9 million units subcutaneously three times weekly) or the same dose and schedule of IFN as monotherapy. Randomization was stratified by nephrectomy status and number of MSKCC adverse features. The primary endpoint was OS, defined as the time from randomization to death due to any cause. The trial was designed with 86% power to detect a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.76, assuming a two-sided type I error of 0.05. The primary analysis was an intent-to-treat approach using the stratified log-rank statistic, and the present analysis was based on the target number of 588 deaths. Results: Between October 2003 and July 2005, 732 patients were enrolled; 369 pts to BEV plus IFN and 363 pts to IFN monotherapy. The median duration of follow up among censored patients was 46.2 months (IQR=45.2–48.2). The median OS was 18.3 months (95% CI; 16.5–22.5) for BEV plus IFN and 17.4 months (95% CI; 14.4–20.0, unstratified log rank p = 0.097) for IFN monotherapy. The stratified HR was 0.86 (95% CI; 0.73–1.01) for BEV plus IFN compared to IFN (stratified log-rank p = 0.069). The median OS for BEV plus IFN versus IFN was 32.5 vs. 33.5 months (p = 0.524) for MSKCC good risk, 17.7 vs. 16.1 months (p = 0.174) for intermediate risk and 6.6 vs. 5.7 months (p = 0.245) for poor risk patients. The median PFS was 8.4 months vs. 4.9 months (p<0.0001). Fifty-three percent of patients received subsequent systemic therapy. Conclusions: The addition of BEV to IFN significantly improves the objective response rate and PFS versus IFN monotherapy. Overall survival favored the BEV plus IFN arm, not meeting pre-defined criteria for significance. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Genentech Genentech
Central airway obstruction. Report of seven cases
Authors: C. G. Spivey
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Seven patients had central airway obstruction of varied causes. The diagnosis was established early in some, but in others, because of either atypical clinical or physiological features or the lack of suspicion, the diagnosis was delayed. These cases emphasize that central airway obstruction may simulate asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and is not a rare clinical problem. Prime suspects are patients with dyspnea and wheezing without a well-defined cause.
Lamivudine-zidovudine treatment and clinical end points
Authors: A. Schattner
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Staszewski and colleagues<sup>1</sup>report on adult patients who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) —positive and who received a combination of lamivudine and zidovudine (150 or 300 mg every 12 hours, n=75 for each group) or zidovudine monotherapy (n=73) in a randomized, controlled, double-blind multicenter study over 24 weeks. The patients, who had received prior zidovudine therapy for a mean of about 2 years, nevertheless showed significantly better immunologic (increased CD4 cell counts) and virologic (decreased HIV-1 RNA) responses to the combination therapy vs zidovudine alone. However, though this improvement in "surrogate markers" is considered likely to lead to better clinical outcomes,<sup>2</sup>the latter remains the "gold standard" of successful therapy in HIV infection. We were therefore surprised that the authors did not highlight this end point and did not refer to it in their discussion. According to their data, 6 patients in the monotherapy
Bone mineral density after resumption of menses in amenorrheic athletes
Authors: B. L. Drinkwater
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Amenorrheic athletes have been found to have a lower vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) than matched groups of eumenorrheic athletes. This study reports changes in BMD over a 15.5-month period in athletes who regained menses, athletes who remained amenorrheic, and athletes with regular cycles. The BMD was measured at two sites on the radius and at the lumbar vertebrae (L-1 through L-4), using single- and dual-photon densitometry, respectively. Changes in vertebral BMD were significant for the amenorrheic group (+6.3%), but not for cyclic women (—0.3%). A slight increase in radial density at S-1 and S-2 was not significant for either group. Two athletes who remained amenorrheic during this period continued to lose bone (—3.4%). We conclude that resumption of menses was the primary factor for the significant increase in the vertebral BMD of the formerly amenorrheic athletes. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:380-382)
Impact of marrow cytogenetics and morphology on in vitro hematopoiesis in the myelodysplastic syndromes: comparison between recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CSF) and granulocyte-monocyte CSF
Authors: A Nagler, C Binet, ML Mackichan, R Negrin, C Bangs, T Donlon, P Greenberg
Journal: Blood (1990)
LEGISLATION AGAINST DEGENERACY.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PATHOLOGIC IRREGULARITIES.
Authors: M. H. FLETCHER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

<h3>ENUNCIATION.</h3> The terms orthodontia and irregularities of the teeth conventionally carry with them the idea of irregular teeth in children and youth, connected with their treatment for correction. The causes are usually hereditary, but may be acquired. One could quote from writers from Etruscan days down to the present time and give the opinion of more than fifty authors, but their definitions of the etiology would most likely each differ somewhat from the other. There have been handed down to us such explanations as "She inherited large teeth from one parent and small jaws from the other," or "His baby teeth were not extracted soon enough," or "Were taken out too soon." "Lack of absorption of the roots of the temporary teeth, while the growth of the permanent set is rapid," etc. One author thinks "the development of the hind end of the jaw does not keep pace with the absorption
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Authors: T. A. J. Prankerd
Journal: BMJ (1960)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Studies identifying national occupational health (OH) research priorities have been conducted in several countries to establish where OH research should be focused and where funding should be targeted. However, the UK findings are now over 20 years old, and OH practice is continuously evolving. The aim of this study was to identify current research priorities for UK occupational physicians (OPs) and occupational health researchers (OHRs). <h3>Methods</h3> Current research priorities in OH were identified using a modified Delphi technique. This was conducted in two rounds to achieve consensus. Research priorities were rated, and then ranked using questionnaires developed from expert panel discussions, key research topics identified from the medical literature and participant feedback. Overall and intergroup comparisons were completed for the ranking scores. <h3>Results</h3> Consensus among OPs and OHRs was high with almost all (9/10) primary domains rated as ‘very important’ or ‘absolutely necessary’ by more than 54% of respondents. The research priority areas ranked highest were jointly <i>economic evaluation/cost effectiveness studies</i> and <i>disability management</i> followed by <i>occupational disease/injury/illness. Occupational health policy</i> was ranked lowest after <i>sickness absence management</i> and <i>health promotion</i>. The secondary domain analysis identified priority emphasis on mental health and psychosocial hazards within the workplace and the need to further develop evidence-based guidance for clinical OH practice. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We identified the current research priorities for UK OPs and OHRs. The findings will inform future national OH research strategy and support research that addresses important knowledge gaps within OH and other interdisciplinary specialties.
Benefit of Heparin Plus Aspirin vs Aspirin Alone in Unstable Angina
Authors: Richard Peto
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The title of the article by Dr Oler and colleagues<sup>1</sup>is misleading. In this meta-analysis of published data from 6 small randomized trials of aspirin plus heparin vs aspirin alone for patients with unstable angina, no significant reduction of myocardial infarction (MI) or death was reported during the period of randomized treatment (relative risk [RR], 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44-1.02) or, in the subset of 4 studies with data available, during 12 weeks of follow-up (RR 0.82; 95% CI, 0.56-1.20). Moreover, limiting the meta-analysis to trials that published data on MI or death during the treatment period could have produced biased estimates of the effects of treatment because the decision to publish any such data may well have been influenced by the results (and statistical tests for such "publication bias" are insensitive). Further bias might have been introduced into this meta-analysis by the exclusion of
Drug Dose Conversion Error
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal