tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Principles and Practice of Endocrine Medicine.
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Myocardial Infarction in Women Under 50 Years of Age
Authors: Lynn Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Risk factors for first nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) in women younger than age 50 years were evaluated in a case-control study of 255 women with MI and 802 controls. The relative risk of MI increased with the amount smoked. The estimated risk of MI for current smokers of 35 or more cigarettes per day was ten times that of women who never smoked; an estimated 65% of MIs were attributable to cigarette smoking. The relative risk of MI increased markedly with increasing levels of total plasma cholesterol and decreasing levels of high-density lipoproteins, and the effects of the two factors appeared to be independent. Other factors significantly associated with MI were hypertension, angina pectoris, diabetes mellitus, blood group A, and a history of MI or stroke before age 60 years in a mother or sibling. Factors not significantly associated with MI were obesity, history of preeclamptic toxemia, and type A personality. Women who were postmenopausal appeared to have a lower risk of MI than premenopausal women of similar ages. Of the identified risk factors, the most prominent was cigarette smoking, a habit that is amenable to change. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:2801-2806)
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast
Authors: David L. Page
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Understanding ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast has lagged behind our understanding of other elements of breast cancer.<sup>1</sup>Indeed, from its first description in the 1930s up through the 1950s,<sup>2,3</sup>reported cases were palpable and were not strictly "noninvasive" as a diagnosis of DCIS now requires. These palpable lesions were usually of high-grade histology (comedo) and had a better prognosis than invasive carcinomas, as first stated by Bloodgood.<sup>2</sup>These specimens of DCIS in the premammographic era were not amenable to local excision. As mammography was introduced and DCIS was detected in smaller and noncomedo forms, beliefs regarding the extensiveness and multicentricity of DCIS derived from the premammographic era persisted in the mammographic age because the term for the "new" and very different, smaller, and low-grade lesions remained the same, "DCIS." See also p 913. Even after two large cohort studies<sup>4,5</sup>began to help us
К вопросу о дифференциальной диагностике воспалительных и функциональных заболеваний кишечника
Authors: I.Ya. Budzak
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2013)

В статье отражены вопросы дифференциальной диагностики воспалительных (язвенный колит, болезнь Крона) и функциональных (синдром раздраженного кишечника) заболеваний кишечника. Указано на необходимость такой дифференциальной диагностики у отдельных категорий пациентов. Показаны возможности инструментальных и лабораторных методов исследований. Особое внимание уделено фекальным тестам — определению кальпротектина и лактоферрина. Проведен анализ исследований их информативности.
ACTH Test for Adrenocortical Insufficiency
Authors: NICHOLAS P. CHRISTY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 November 1970ACTH Test for Adrenocortical InsufficiencyNICHOLAS P. CHRISTY, M.D., F.A.C.P.NICHOLAS P. CHRISTY, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-5-858_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with interest the paper "The 48-Hour Adrenocorticotrophin Infusion Test for Adrenocortical Insufficiency" by Rose and associates (1) in the July 1970 ANNALS. The authors believe that this test, which entails a 3-day admission, is advantageous because it distinguishes among normal subjects, patients with secondary, and patients with primary adrenocortical insufficiency, whereas more rapid methods, described in the years 1965 to 1967 and cited by Rose and colleagues as their references (3-5), occasionally failed to make that distinction. In two papers published still earlier, in 1955 and 1956, our group showed that the 4-hr intravenous adrenocorticotrophin...References1. ROSE L, WILLIAMS G, and JAGGER P: The 48-hour adrenocorticotrophin infusion test for adrenocortical insufficiency. Ann Intern Med 73:49-54, 1970 LinkGoogle Scholar2. CHRISTY N, WALLACE E, and JAILER J: The effect of intravenously administered ACTH on plasma 17, 21-dihydroxy-20-ketosteroids in normal individuals and in patients with disorders of the adrenal cortex. J Clin Invest 34:899-906, 1955 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. CHRISTY N, WALLACE E, and JAILER J: Comparative effects of prednisone and of cortisone in suppressing the response of the adrenal cortex to exogenous adrenocorticotropin. J Clin Endocr 16:1059-1074, 1956 CrossrefGoogle Scholar1. CHRISTY N, WALLACE E, and JAILER J: The effect of intravenously administered ACTH on plasma 17, 21-dihydroxy-20-ketosteroids in normal individuals and in patients with disorders of the adrenal cortex. J Clin Invest 34:899-906, 1955 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. ROSE L, WILLIAMS G, and JAGGER P: The 48-hour adrenocorticotrophin infusion test for adrenocortical insufficiency. Ann Intern Med 73:49-54, 1970 LinkGoogle Scholar3. CHRISTY N, WALLACE E, and JAILER J: Comparative effects of prednisone and of cortisone in suppressing the response of the adrenal cortex to exogenous adrenocorticotropin. J Clin Endocr 16:1059-1074, 1956 CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: NICHOLAS P. CHRISTY, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Department of Medicine Roosevelt Hospital and College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York, N. Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1970Volume 73, Issue 5Page: 858-859KeywordsAdrenocorticotropic hormone ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cell-Mediated Responses in Dogs With Spontaneous Neoplasms. II. Detection by Direct Leukocyte Migration Inhibition Technique&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: N. T. Gorman, G. R. Betton
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

A series of 39 dogs bearing spontaneous mammary carcinomas or melanomas were tested for tumor-directed immune response against allogeneic Formalin-treated tumor cells. The immune response was assessed by the direct leukocyte migration inhibition technique. Comparison of leukocytes from tumor bearers and healthy donors by chi-square analysis showed no statistical difference between the groups. The findings did not provide evidence for the existence of specific tumor antigens in the dog.
A Practical Handbook of Joint Fluid Analysis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Amyloid arthropathy in patients with chronic renal failure 733 synovial membrane and in the carpal tunnel, but without deposition in the abdominal fat or other manifestations of generalised amyloidosis; for these reasons we think that we are probably dealing with a form of amyloidosis which is peculiar to CRF treated with periodical haemodialysis.
THE BUREAU OF MEDICAL ECONOMICS
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Single Cholesterol Measurement Underestimates the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: C. E. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In prospective epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease, a single measurement of cholesterol is made to assess its relationship to the risk of coronary disease. Statistical theory states that if this measurement is subject to within-individual variability, the strength of the relationship will be underestimated. This is empirically shown for the example of plasma cholesterol. For the Lipid Research Clinics Follow-up Study population (comprising 2170 white men over 30 years of age), the age-adjusted coronary heart disease mortality regression coefficient increases from.453 to.496 if the average of two cholesterol measurements is used instead of a single measurement. Since the correlation between the two repeated cholesterol measurements is.815, an increase in the regression coefficient up to.556 would be expected if the true cholesterol values were available. Thus, epidemiologic studies have substantially underestimated the strength of the relationship between cholesterol levels and the risk of coronary disease by calculating the relationship on the basis of a single cholesterol determination. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;264:3044-3046)
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Through genomic analyses, Buczkowicz and colleagues classify three subgroups of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG).The MYCN subgroup showed widespread hypermethylation and amplification of MYCN and ID2 due to chromothripsis on chromosome 2p.The Silent subgroup had quiet genomes and WNT overexpression.Whereas the H3K27M subgroup showed histone H3.3 or H3.1 mutations (97%), 44% of Silent subgroup tumors also harbored H3 mutations, predominantly H3.3.The H3-K27M subgroup showed unstable genomes, TP53 mutation, alternative lengthening of telomeres, and PDGFRA, PVT1, and MYC gains.The four publications listed below independently reported activating mutations in activin A receptor type 1 (ACVR1) in 20% of DIPGs, associated with H3K27M.These included ACVR1 mutations identified in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, characterized by progressive ossification of nonbone tissues and altered BMP signaling.Expression of mutant ACVR1 in normal human astrocytes activated BMP signaling and proliferation.(Image courtesy of Wikimedia
Alcohol-Related Deaths of American Indians
Authors: Carol Chiago Lujan
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The article on pedestrian and hypothermia deaths among American Indians in New Mexico in this issue of<i>JAMA</i><sup>1</sup>presents insightful information on an important issue. Using death certificates, Gallaher et al found an excessive rate of pedestrian and hypothermia deaths among American Indians compared with the rest of the population. These data indicate that those most at risk for pedestrian and hypothermia deaths are intoxicated males who travel on foot. Furthermore, these two types of deaths were concentrated in border towns and on the roads leading back to reservations where the sale of alcohol is prohibited. The authors conclude that prohibition of alcohol on Indian reservations is a significant contributing factor to the high pedestrian and hypothermia death rates. See also p 1345. Hence, in addition to some short-term solutions, they suggest that American Indian tribes examine the issue of prohibition more thoroughly in their effort to find long-term
The Dynamics of Immunological Indicants on the Background of Therapy Using Probiotics and Psyllium in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis after Cholecystectomy
Authors: V.I. RUSIN, YE.S. SIRCHAK, N.YU. KURCHAK
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2014)

The results of complex examination and treatment of 64 patients with chronic pancreatitis after cholecystectomy are given. It is ascertained, that complex therapy with the use of probiotics and psyllium in patients with chronic pancreatitis after cholecystectomy has marked positive effect on dysbiotic changes and immunity indicants (IgA, IgG, IgM, C3, C4) compared to monotherapy with corresponding medications.
Enhancement of the Dimethylnitrosamine Acute Effects in Rat Liver by Prior Treatment With Triton WR-1339&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Prior administration of Triton WR-1339 (tyloxapol, an anionic surfactant) to noninbred Sprague-Dawley male rats significantly enhanced the intensity of the necrogenic effect of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) on the liver. This phenomenon was established by determination of NADP+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase activity in the plasma and by histologic procedures. This enhancing effect was not due to an increase in the levels of DMN that reached the liver, because the content of DMN in the livers of Triton WR-1339-treated or untreated animals at 1 or 3 hours was not significantly different. Triton WR-1339 administration had no effect on DMN liver metabolism to formaldehyde or CO2; in addition, the covalent binding of DMN metabolites to nucleic acids or proteins was not modified by pretreatment with Triton WR-1339. However, in vitro, high concentrations (1 mg/ml) of Triton WR-1339 decreased the intensity of these parameters. This effect disappeared when the concentration was lowered to 0.4 mg/ml. Results are compatible with the hypothesis that the potentiating effects of Triton WR-1339 on liver damage caused by DMN and other hepatotoxins were due to a modification of the response of liver cells to injury.
Clonazepam in Dialysis Encephalopathy
Authors: Steven Mandel
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We recently treated a patient with nonepidemic dialysis encephalopathy who responded to clonazepam, confirming the observations of Trauner and Clayman<sup>1</sup>and Pascoe.<sup>2</sup> <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> End-stage renal disease developed in a 63-year-old woman. This condition was thought to be due to long-term analgesic use and required thrice-weekly hemodialysis treatments since 1977. In 1975 the patient had a right parasagittal meningioma removed and was left with a mild, left hemiparesis and a generalized tonic-clonic seizure disorder. When seen in 1981, the patient had been seizure free for four years while receiving phenytoin sodium and phenobarbital. She reported "twitching movements" of both arms and legs three days before admission. She also complained of difficulty in walking, slurred speech, trouble in swallowing, and headaches. On the day of admission she had a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. A neurological examination showed a mildly confused woman with myoclonic movements of
Decreased Serum Cholesterol-binding Reserve in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: S L Hsia, Lawrence M Fishman, Franklin W Briese, George Christakis, Janice Burr, Lee Alan Bricker
Journal: Diabetes Care (1978)

Serum cholesterol-binding reserve (SCBR), the capacity of a serum sample to solubilize additional cholesterol in excess of its cholesterol content, was measured in 43 white male patients with maturityonset diabetes in the age range of 35–59 years who were under treatment with insulin. The values were compared with those of 194 nondiabetic controls of the same race, sex, and age range. The mean ±S. D. of SCBR of patients (71.9 ± 29.3 mg./dl.) was lower than that of controls (88.9 ± 30.9mg./dl.) (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Age in the range of 35 to 59 years had no correlation with SCBR in either patients or controls. SCBR was positively correlated with serum levels of cholesterol (SC) and triglycerides (TG) in both patients and controls. After adjustment for SC and TG, the difference in SCBR between patients and controls persisted (p &amp;lt; 0.001). In 15 of 20 (75 per cent) patient-control pairs matched for SC and TG to within 5 per cent, the patient had lower SCBR (paired t-test, p &amp;lt; 0.002). In 16 patients without elevation of serum lipid levels (SC below 250 and TG below 150 mg./dl.), the mean ± S.D. of SCBR (59.1 ± 17.7 mg./dl.) was lower than that of 49 controls having serum lipids in the same range (77.4 ±31.7 mg./dl.) (p &amp;lt; 0.03). These results indicate an association of decreased SCBR with diabetes and are consistent with the hypothesis that low SCBR is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and enhanced risk for coronary heart disease.
A Historical Perspective of Injuries in Professional Football
Authors: James A. Nicholas
Journal: JAMA (1988)

A professional football franchise was studied consecutively from 1960 through 1985 for injuries incurred during regular-season games. A "significant" injury was defined as one requiring the player to miss at least two consecutive games (N = 331) and a "major" injury as one that caused the player to miss at least eight games or the equivalent time (N = 130). Significant injuries averaged 0.89 per game and major injuries 0.35 per game for the entire 26 years. Following a high injury rate prior to 1965, significant injury rates were episodic. Major injuries declined (<i>r</i><sub>s</sub>= —.68;<i>p</i>&lt;.01). Since the team's first games on synthetic surfaces in 1968, there was no difference in the rates of significant injuries per game (0.57 vs 0.67) or major injuries per game (0.22 vs 0.33) between games played on grass or artificial turf, respectively. Since 1969 there has been a decline in major knee injuries (<i>r</i><sub>s</sub>= —.51;<i>P</i>&lt;.05) and a decline in major injuries incurred during special-teams play (<i>r</i><sub>s</sub>= —.55;<i>P</i>&lt;.05). The data indicate that this team suffered fewer injuries with the passing of time, primarily in injuries that caused a player to miss at least eight consecutive games. Observations of short duration do not lend themselves to current media perception that injury rates are higher and more serious today in professional football. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:939-944)
Editorial: Psychiatric safeguards.
Journal: BMJ (1973)

screen all these women for the serum lipid abnormalities.But if a woman is known to be hyperlipaemic or has a relevant family history, and a combined form of oral contraceptive is to be :sed, at least the serum should be examined for opalescence, and if possible, serum lipids should be measured before and periodically during therapy.But the occurrence of bouts of abdominal pain should bring to mind this association of hyperlipaeinia and pancreatitis.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Infusions of natural killer (NK) cells are being increasingly considered as a means to improve cancer therapy. Cho and colleagues sought to identify the pediatric tumor subtypes that are most susceptible to NK cell cytotoxicity. They found that Ewing sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma were remarkably sensitive to NK cells expanded by coculture with K562-mb15-41BBL cells. Expanded NK cells were considerably more effective than unstimulated NK cells and eradicated tumors engrafted in immunodeficient mice. These findings support a phase I clinical study testing infusions of allogeneic expanded NK cells in patients with Ewing sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.Treatment of breast cancer patients imposes a considerable economic burden on the health care system, and treatment selection is still primarily influenced by traditional prognostic factors. Parris and colleagues identified 12 malignancyrelated genes as molecular complements to clinicopathological features by performing microarray analysis of 97 invasive diploid breast tumors with varying clinical outcomes. The recurrent deregulation of these genes was shown to be associated with aggressive tumor behavior. In conjunction with classical features, these genes may assist in the development of new therapeutic agents and more individualized treatments.RNA interference (RNAi)-based approaches hold potential for cancer therapy, but a key challenge is the need for efficient and targeted intracellular delivery. In this study, Han and colleagues developed a novel method for targeted gene silencing using an RGD peptide linked to a chitosan nanoparticle (RGD-CH-NP). This approach increased selective delivery of siRNA and demonstrated substantial antitumor activity in orthotopic animal models of ovarian cancer. These results demonstrate that RGD-CH-NP is a highly selective delivery system for siRNA with potential for broad application in human disease.The activity of the Src tyrosine kinase is frequently derailed in human cancer, mainly as a consequence of oncogenic alterations in upstream regulators. Accordingly, several Src inhibitors are now being tested in phase I and phase II clinical trials. Bertotti and colleagues found that pharmacologic or genetic blockade of Src was sufficient to impair growth of gastric tumor cell lines that rely on amplification of the MET oncogene for unscheduled proliferation. This therapeutic approach holds promise for prospective diversification of treatment regimens in Met-dependent tumors, thus providing a strategy to elude or retard resistance to Met-specific inhibitors.
Feedback in Medical Education
Authors: Mark Linzer
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to congratulate Dr Ende<sup>1</sup>for his excellent article on feedback in medical education. Distinguishing feedback from evaluation is a concept that has significant practical benefit. As an active member of a large teaching service, I have already had the opportunity to make use of Ende's precepts on numerous occasions, and the results have been most rewarding. I should only like to add one principle to those that Ende has so well categorized. Although feedback is meant to be "neutral, composed of verbs and nouns," it is often somewhat difficult for all of us to accept, as in cases of "negative feedback." To improve the acceptance of feedback by house staff and students and to promote my own personal growth as a teacher and clinician, I have traditionally begun my months of ward rounds with a short session devoted to "contracting." A concept often