tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Placental Abnormalities in Situ
Authors: Charles B. Mulhern
Journal: JAMA (1980)

EXAMINATION of the placenta is routinely performed by the obstetrician at the time of delivery. If any gross abnormality is observed or if the condition of the newborn warrants, the placenta is submitted for pathological evaluation. In essence, this is a retrospective analysis of the placenta. Ultrasound, however, provides a safe noninvasive method for examination of the placenta and its associated abnormalities in situ.<sup>1</sup> This article presents representative cases demonstrating the capabilities of ultrasound in evaluating the macroscopic, antenatal features of placental disorders. The cases reported also illustrate the important role of the ultrasonographer in the antenatal diagnosis of placental abnormalities. This permits prompt institution of therapy or avoidance of other unnecessary diagnostic procedures. As the organ of fetomaternal transfer, the placenta often reflects disorders of the fetus and mother as well as abnormalities of placental development (Table). <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Commercially available, gray-scale ultrasound units provide excellent anatomic
The Community Hospital as a Center for Training and Education
Authors: Edwin F. Rosinski
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Because the health manpower shortage is so grave, every conceivable resource for training must be utilized. Community hospitals represent a resource with tremendous potential. Working in partnership with community colleges, community hospitals can develop innovative training programs producing a vast array of health personnel. In addition, programs can be developed where medical students can be assigned to experience patient care approaches not always demonstrated in university centers. Continuing education programs geared to the needs of practicing physicians must likewise be expanded in community hospitals. In combining educational programs with patient care and research on the delivery of health care, community hospitals can contribute significantly toward reducing the health manpower shortage.
Congressional Testimony: The Importance of the Right Witness
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Testimony on Dec 7, 1972, before the Senate Monopoly Subcommittee on the Prescribing of Antibiotics reflects both the bias and the limited experience of the witnesses. The testimony was not by physicians in the active practice of medicine, but from men who serve in government, medical education, and social medicine. Experts in their fields they may be, but none confront day after day a large number of sick people demanding relief of symptoms, cure of illness, and protection against complications. A Senate subcommittee would not ask a chemical engineer to testify on the architecture of public buildings, but apparently they have no compunction about asking nonexperts to testify on the delivery of medical care. Most physicians will admit to some overprescribing of antibiotics, but few prescribe, as alleged, 10 to 20 times as many as are medically justified. To what extent antibiotics are overprescribed is difficult to assess. Each patient
Transforming Growth Factors in the Urine of Normal, Pregnant, and Tumor-Bearing Humans&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Twardzik, Daniel R., Sherwin, Stephen A., Ranchalis, Jane, Todaro, George J.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Journal Article Transforming Growth Factors in the Urine of Normal, Pregnant, and Tumor-Bearing Humans Get access Daniel R. Twardzik, Daniel R. Twardzik 4 4Address reprint requests to Dr. Twardzik at Building 560, Room 21-77, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research Facility, Frederick, Md. 21701. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stephen A. Sherwin, Stephen A. Sherwin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jane Ranchalis, Jane Ranchalis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar George J. Todaro George J. Todaro Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 69, Issue 4, October 1982, Pages 793–798, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/69.4.793 Published: 01 October 1982 Article history Received: 29 October 1981 Revision received: 27 April 1982 Accepted: 20 May 1982 Published: 01 October 1982
'Normal' CSF in Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: Ida M. Onorato
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Cerebrospinal fluid with a normal cell count, glucose and protein values, and a negative Gram's stain smear is usually assumed to exclude the possibility of meningitis. We describe four patients and review from the literature 19 patients with pyogenic meningitis in whom the CSF initially appeared normal. Thus, finding minimal or no initial CSF abnormality is consistent with early or developing bacterial meningitis. Repeated lumbar puncture and CSF examination within 24 hours should be considered in all febrile patients in whom the clinical features remain compatible with meningitis. (<i>JAMA</i>244:1469-1471, 1980)
Systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
Authors: R. Llewelyn, E. M McDermott, M. Duddridge, R. J Powell, P Cockwell, D Adu, C Gordon, C O S Savage
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Introducing the postoperative care team Effective postoperative care remains surgeons' roleEditor-I am concerned that the suggestions made by David R Goldhill might be taken too seriously rather than remain a point for discussion. 1 Goldhill is right in his assertion that patients can fare badly in their postoperative course because of lack of attention by their attendants and lack of understanding of common postoperative complications.I believe, however, that he has missed the opportunity to lay the blame at the correct door.Surely it is the surgeons' role to carry out preoperative assessment, surgery, and effective postoperative care.If they choose to emphasise their importance in the operating theatre, delegating their other responsibilities to their trainees, the nurse practitioners, and the anaesthetists, why should we encourage this path?Undoubtedly, anaesthetists are fast becoming the new generalists, with an increasing role outside the operating theatre.These new skills and responsibilities include pain control, intensive care, and transoesophageal echocardiography, to name but a few.Some of my professional colleagues may relish even more diversification and abhor my comments.Goldhill implies that anaesthetists and postoperative care nurses will lead the postoperative care team; indeed, this is already happening in North America, where they have been sent to run preoperative assessment clinics by surgeons based in the operating room.If the surgical ward round in your hospital has become a quick look through the laboratory results and a glance at the chest radiograph before a rush to the changing rooms then I suggest that waiting for the confidential inquiry into perioperative deaths to point out the obvious is not the solution.
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Therapies targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway are currently in clinical development. Cancers with oncogenic PIK3CA mutations may be particularly susceptible to these agents, and improved methods for identifying these mutations from patient samples are needed. Higgins and colleagues evaluated the feasibility of a novel technology called BEAMing to assess PIK3CA mutation status by using blood from patients with metastatic breast cancer. They discovered that BEAMing can reliably detect PIK3CA mutations from blood, and that PIK3CA mutation status can change between primary breast tumors and distant recurrent metastatic disease. Thus, BEAMing shows great potential as a companion diagnostic for future targeted therapies.Metabolic aberrations are increasingly used in cancer diagnostics. To investigate the genetic alterations contributing to low citrate and high choline concentrations in prostate cancer, Bertilsson and colleagues integrated data from transcription and metabolic profiling. Fresh frozen samples from radical prostatectomy specimens were histologically evaluated before high-resolution magic angle spinning and subsequent genome-wide transcription analysis for each sample. The authors found significant covarations between key regulatory enzymes (ACLY, ACON) and citrate as well as for the rise in choline (PLA2G7, CHKA). Their results indicate that these gene products deserve attention as possible targets for prostate cancer-specific therapy.Dysfunctional telomeres are a driving force of genomic instability, which is a hallmark of cancer. Determining telomere dysfunction is one way of monitoring genomic instability. Gadji and colleagues used quantitative 3-dimensional (3D) nuclear imaging and analysis of telomeres to define 3D telomere profiles of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These profiles consist of quantitative measurements of telomeric length, telomere numbers/nucleus, presence of telomeric aggregates, nuclear volumes, and overall distribution of telomeres in the nucleus. Based on these telomere profiles, the authors stratified MDS and AML patients into subgroups of 9 and 6 patients each, respectively. Furthermore, they propose a chronologic evolution of 3D telomere dysfunction from early-to late-stage MDS and finally transformation to AML.After treatment of tumors with vascular disrupting agents (VDA), systemic mobilization of bone marrow-derived circulating endothelial progenitor cells (CEPC) contributes to revascularization of a viable tumor rim. Nathan and colleagues designed a first clinical trial combining a VDA, combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P), with the humanized anti-VEGF-A monoclonal antibody bevacizumab. In patients with advanced solid tumors, disruption of the VDA-induced CEPC spike by bevacizumab resulted in marked reductions in tumor rim size and blood flow as well as enhanced VDA antitumor activity. The combination of VDAs with antiangiogenic agents shows promise in enhancing clinical efficacy of antivascular therapy.
Generation of Suppressor Cells for Natural Killer Activity in Cancer Patients After Surgery&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Journal Article Generation of Suppressor Cells for Natural Killer Activity in Cancer Patients After Surgery Get access Atsushi Uchida, Atsushi Uchida Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Roland Kolb, Roland Kolb Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael Micksche Michael Micksche Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 68, Issue 5, May 1982, Pages 735–741, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/68.5.735 Published: 01 May 1982 Article history Received: 02 July 1981 Accepted: 19 November 1981 Published: 01 May 1982
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 22, 15 November 1995, Pages 1667–1668, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.22.1667 Published: 15 November 1995
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Paxillin, microRNA-218, and Non-Small Cell Lung CancerLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in industrial countries.Critical determinants of lung cancer progression that affect patient prognosis include tumor cell migration and metastasis.The focal adhesion protein paxillin (PXN) is associated with signal transduction pathways that regulate cell motility and migration.PXN mutations are associated with lung adenocarcinoma progression, and PXN has been identified as a target gene of microRNA-218 (miR-218).Based on this association, Wu and colleagues explored the hypothesis that PXN overexpression induced by miR-218 suppression might be an important promoter of lung cancer progression and metastasis.Using realtime PCR and immunohistochemical analyses, they found that expression levels of miR-218 and PXN in 124 surgically resected lung tumors revealed a negative association between miR-218 and PXN expression.Furthermore, patients with low miR-218 expression and high PXN positivity displayed the worst overall and relapse-free survival in the cohort of patients that were evaluated.The clinical sample evaluation outcome was supported by results from cell model systems showing that PXN was negatively regulated by miR-218 and that cell proliferation, invasion, and soft agar colony formation were enhanced by PXN overexpression induced by miR-218 suppression.These findings indicate diagnostic applications for PXN overexpression in non-small cell lung cancer.With further validation studies and additional experimentation, PXN may provide a viable therapeutic target to improve clinical outcomes in this disease.(Image from cited article courtesy of publisher.)
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis, Regional Enteritis, and Carcinoid Tumors
Authors: J. Karr Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Morin and Zuerner report (<b>216</b>:1647, 1971) completes a circle of predictable association (Figure). Fibrosis is a constant component of all three lesions. Serotonin and fibrosis certainly link two of the three.<sup>1,2</sup> In this light, the probability of association of serotonin and regional enteritis is particularly likely. Perhaps study of this admittedly indirect association would have clinical application.
Survival of American Indian and Hispanic Cancer Patients in New Mexico and Arizona, 1969–82&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Samet, Jonathan M., Key, Charles R., Hunt, William C., Goodwin, James S.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Journal Article Survival of American Indian and Hispanic Cancer Patients in New Mexico and Arizona, 1969–82 Get access Jonathan M. Samet, M.D., Jonathan M. Samet, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles R. Key, M.D., Charles R. Key, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William C. Hunt, M.A., William C. Hunt, M.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James S. Goodwin, M.D. James S. Goodwin, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 79, Issue 3, September 1987, Pages 457–463, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/79.3.457 Published: 01 September 1987 Article history Received: 10 December 1986 Accepted: 11 May 1987 Published: 01 September 1987
LECTURES ON GENERAL ETIOLOGY.Delivered at the Chicago Medical College.
Authors: H. GRADLE
Journal: JAMA (1892)

LECTURE 1. The subject of these lectures will be the consideration of all the occurrences and conditions, both in the body and outside of it, which lead to disease. It is not the intention to detail the cause of each individual disease, but to discuss in general the factors and influences which can injure the organism. The object of such a general review of etiology is to encourage in you the habit of analyzing every clinical case as to the cause and condition upon which the morbid process or processes present depend. For you will soon learn in practice that the recognition of the name of a disease, its mere diagnosis, is not the key that unlocks all its secrets; but that a full insight into its nature depends as much on the knowledge how the disturbance was brought about as on the recognition of the anatomical changes involved. To
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Metformin is a widely-used antidiabetic drug whose anticancer effects represent a promising and novel approach for the treatment of cancer.Chemotherapy produces genotoxic stress and induces p53 activity, which can cross-talk with the AMPK/mTOR pathway.Rocha and colleagues tested the combination of metformin and paclitaxel and showed that combined treatment is more effective at arresting cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, decreasing tumor growth, and increasing apoptosis in tumor-bearing mice.These results demonstrate that different drugs may cooperate to increase anti-growth signals and suggest that activation of AMPK may be an alternative therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment.
Toxicologic Aspects of Photosensitization in Livestock&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Johnson, A. Earl
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Journal Article Toxicologic Aspects of Photosensitization in Livestock Get access A. Earl Johnson A. Earl Johnson 2Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84321. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 69, Issue 1, July 1982, Pages 253–258, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/69.1.253 Published: 01 July 1982
Chromosome 19 Single-Locus and Multilocus Haplotype Associations With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Lisa F. Barcellos
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Context.</h3> —Susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS) involves a genetically complex autoimmune component. However, except for genes in the HLA system, specific susceptibility loci are unknown or unconfirmed. <h3>Objective.</h3> —To investigate several loci spanning 3 candidate regions for a role in multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility in 2 ethnic groups using both single-locus and haplotype analyses. The 3 regions include HLA on chromosome 6p21.3, APOE<i>APOE</i>on chromosome 19q13.2, and<i>MBP</i>(myelin basic protein) on chromosome 18q23. <h3>Design.</h3> —Case-control association testing. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —A total of 120 Caucasian patients with MS and 107 unrelated control individuals from California, and 32 patients and 32 unrelated control individuals from Beijing, China. All patients with MS were diagnosed as having clinically definite disease according to published criteria. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —ϰ<sup>2</sup>Testing of loci and individual alleles and haplotypes. Haplotype frequencies were estimated with standard maximum likelihood methods. <h3>Results.</h3> —The HLA effect is due to the class II DR2 haplotype, DRB1<sup>*</sup>1501-DQA1<sup>*</sup>0102-DRB1<sup>*</sup>0602; contributions to MS susceptibility from additional<i>DRB1-DQB1</i>alleles or other HLA region loci were not observed. Variation within the<i>MBP</i>locus on chromosome 18q23 showed no effect in MS. The distribution of haplotypes from 5 loci within the chromosome 19q13.2 region, including<i>D19S178, D19S574, APOE, APOC2</i>, and<i>D19S219</i>, differed between patient and control samples.<i>D19S574</i>showed a significant effect (<i>P</i>=.015) in Caucasian patients with MS due to the increased frequency of a single allele (<i>P</i>=.002). The<i>APOE</i>variation, prominent in other neurological diseases, showed no influence on MS susceptibility, despite its location within the chromosome 19q13.2 region. Interaction effects between DR2 and chromosome 19q13.2 or<i>MBP</i>in MS susceptibility were not apparent. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The significant chromosome 19q13.2 single-locus and multilocus haplotype associations with MS in Caucasian and Chinese patient samples indicate an effect from a nearby disease susceptibility locus. These initial observations are an encouraging step toward the description of non-HLA genetic susceptibility to MS.
Cholesterol and Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in Elderly Patients
Authors: Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the Editorial by Drs Denke and Winker,<sup>1</sup>there is the unfortunate implication that our article<sup>2</sup>from the New Haven, Conn, site of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) was published prematurely and should not have preceded a multicenter analysis. The comments reveal a misunderstanding of the nature of the EPESE collaboration and the special features of this observational study. Unlike many multicenter trials, the EPESE sites are a confederation of studies with distinct sampling designs and features. Although the EPESE was a collaboration contract program, individual sites had the option to publish results separately, where unique data were available. For this reason, single-site publications from EPESE far outnumber the pooled analyses. There are unique features of the New Haven site that led us to pursue our analysis separately. New Haven is the only site in which diagnoses of hospitalized acute
Modification of Pancreatic Carcinogenesis in the Hamster Model. IX. Effect of Pancreatitis&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Journal Article Modification of Pancreatic Carcinogenesis in the Hamster Model. IX. Effect of Pancreatitis Get access Parviz M. Pour, Parviz M. Pour 6 6Address reprint requests to Dr. Pour at the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michihito Takahashi, Michihito Takahashi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thorkatla Donnelly, Thorkatla Donnelly Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Katherine Stepan Katherine Stepan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 71, Issue 3, September 1983, Pages 607–613, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/71.3.607 Published: 01 September 1983 Article history Received: 18 January 1983 Accepted: 19 April 1983 Published: 01 September 1983
Drugs, Alcohol, Pregnancy, and the Neonate
Authors: Ira J. Chasnoff
Journal: JAMA (1991)

As a premed student in undergraduate school, I struggled through the economics courses required for graduation, comforting myself with the thought that economics has nothing to do with health care. Twenty-five years later, I have come to recognize the delusion under which I was working. The article by Phibbs et al<sup>1</sup>in this issue of<i>JAMA</i>confirms what many practitioners have long suspected: maternal drug use, especially the use of crack cocaine, is driving the cost of care for the exposed infants beyond any reasonable level. From a national perspective, the total cost implications of drug and alcohol, and especially cocaine, use during pregnancy elude us, primarily because we really do not know how many exposed infants are being born each year. The earliest study looking at this issue found that 11% of infants born in 36 selected hospitals across the country had