tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Curbing the Financial Incentives That Contribute to the High Prices of Prescription Drugs in the US
Authors: Sidney M. Wolfe
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Nonpharmacological Interventions to Lengthen Sleep Duration in Healthy Children
Authors: Lucia Magee, Lucy P. Goldsmith, Umar A. R. Chaudhry, Angela S. Donin, Charlotte Wahlich, Elizabeth Stovold, Claire M. Nightingale, Alicja R. Rudnicka, Christopher G. Owen
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

Adequate sleep duration is necessary for many aspects of child health, development, and well-being, yet sleep durations for children are declining, and effective strategies to increase sleep in healthy children remain to be elucidated.To determine whether nonpharmaceutical interventions to improve sleep duration in healthy children are effective and to identify the key components of these interventions.CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core collection, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO trials databases were searched from inception to November 15, 2021.Randomized clinical trials of interventions to improve sleep duration in healthy children were independently screened by 2 researchers. A total of 28 478 studies were identified.Data were processed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Random-effects meta-analytic models were used to estimate pooled effect sizes.Difference in sleep duration, measured in minutes.A total of 13 539 child participants from 45 randomized clinical trials were included. Of these, 6897 (50.9%) were in the intervention group and 6642 (49.1%) in the control group, and the mean age ranged from 18 months to 19 years. Pooled results indicate that sleep interventions were associated with 10.5 minutes (95% CI, 5.6-15.4) longer nocturnal sleep duration. There was substantial variation between trials. Sources of variation that were not associated with the study effect size included age group, whether the population was identified as having a sleep problem or being at a socioeconomic disadvantage (eg, coming from a low-income family or area), method of assessment of sleep duration (objective vs subjective), location of intervention delivery (home vs school), whether interventions were delivered in person or used parental involvement, whether behavioral theory was used, environmental change, or had greater or lower intensity. Interventions that included earlier bedtimes were associated with a 47-minute sleep extension (95% CI, 18.9-75.0; 3 trials) compared with remaining studies (7.4 minutes; 95% CI, 2.9-11.8; 42 trials) (P = .006 for group difference). Trials of shorter duration (6 months or less) had larger effects.Interventions focused on earlier bedtimes may offer a simple, pragmatic, effective way to meaningfully increase sleep duration that could have important benefits for child health.
Real-time Prescription Benefit Tools—The Promise and Peril
Authors: Jordan Everson, Stacie B. Dusetzina
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Risk of Psychiatric Disorders Among Refugee Children and Adolescents Living in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods
Authors: Else Foverskov, Justin S. White, Trine Frøslev, Henrik T. Sørensen, Rita Hamad
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

Refugee children and adolescents are at increased risk of mental health difficulties, but little is known about how the characteristics of the neighborhood in which they resettle may affect vulnerability and resilience.To test whether neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with risk of psychiatric disorders among refugee children and adolescents and examine whether the association differs by sex, age at arrival, and family structure.This quasi-experimental register-based cohort study included refugees in Denmark aged 0 to 16 years at the time of resettlement from 1986 to 1998. A refugee dispersal policy implemented during those years assigned housing to refugee families in neighborhoods with varying degrees of socioeconomic disadvantage in a quasi-random (ie, arbitrary) manner conditional on refugee characteristics observed by placement officers. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between neighborhood disadvantage and risk of psychiatric disorders, adjusting for relevant baseline covariates.A neighborhood disadvantage index combining information on levels of income, education, unemployment, and welfare assistance in the refugees' initial quasi-randomly assigned neighborhood.First-time inpatient or outpatient diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder before age 30 years.Median (IQR) baseline age in the sample of 18 709 refugee children and adolescents was 7.9 (4.7-11.7) years; 8781 participants (46.9%) were female and 9928 (53.1%) were male. During a median (IQR) follow-up period of 16.1 (10.2-20.8) years, 1448 refugees (7.7%) were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder (incidence rate, 51.2 per 10 000 person-years). An increase of 1 SD in neighborhood disadvantage was associated with an 11% increase in the hazard of a psychiatric disorders (hazard ratio [HR], 1.11; 95% CI, 1.03-1.21). This association did not differ between male and female individuals, refugees who arrived at different ages, or those from single- vs dual-parent households. In secondary analyses using prescribed psychiatric medication as the outcome, a similar association with neighborhood disadvantage was found (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.14).In this cohort study, neighborhood disadvantage was associated with an increase in risk of psychiatric disorders. The results suggest that placement of refugee families in advantaged neighborhoods and efforts to enhance the neighborhood context in disadvantaged areas may improve mental health among refugee children and adolescents.
Prospective Associations of Daily Step Counts and Intensity With Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality and All-Cause Mortality
Authors: Borja del Pozo Cruz, Matthew N. Ahmadi, I-Min Lee, Emmanuel Stamatakis
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Importance Recommendations for the number of steps per day may be easier to enact for some people than the current time- and intensity-based physical activity guidelines, but the evidence to support steps-based goals is limited. Objective To describe the associations of step count and intensity with all-cause mortality and cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based prospective cohort study used data from the UK Biobank for 2013 to 2015 (median follow-up, 7 years) and included adults 40 to 79 years old in England, Scotland, and Wales. Participants were invited by email to partake in an accelerometer study. Registry-based morbidity and mortality were ascertained through October 2021. Data analyses were performed during March 2022. Exposures Baseline wrist accelerometer-measured daily step count and established cadence-based step intensity measures (steps/min): incidental steps, (&amp;amp;lt;40 steps/min), purposeful steps (≥40 steps/min); and peak-30 cadence (average steps/min for the 30 highest, but not necessarily consecutive, min/d). Main Outcomes and Measures All-cause mortality and primary and secondary CVD or cancer mortality and incidence diagnosis. For cancer, analyses were restricted to a composite cancer outcome of 13 sites that have a known association with reduced physical activity. Cox restricted cubic spline regression models were used to assess the dose-response associations. The linear mean rate of change (MRC) in the log-relative hazard ratio for each outcome per 2000 daily step increments were also estimated. Results The study population of 78 500 individuals (mean [SD] age, 61 [8] years; 43 418 [55%] females; 75 874 [97%] White individuals) was followed for a median of 7 years during which 1325 participants died of cancer and 664 of CVD (total deaths 2179). There were 10 245 incident CVD events and 2813 cancer incident events during the observation period. More daily steps were associated with a lower risk of all-cause (MRC, −0.08; 95% CI, −0.11 to −0.06), CVD (MRC, −0.10; 95% CI, −0.15 to −0.06), and cancer mortality (MRC, 95% CI, −0.11; −0.15 to −0.06) for up to approximately 10 000 steps. Similarly, accruing more daily steps was associated with lower incident disease. Peak-30 cadence was consistently associated with lower risks across all outcomes, beyond the benefit of total daily steps. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this population-based prospective cohort study of 78 500 individuals suggest that up to 10 000 steps per day may be associated with a lower risk of mortality and cancer and CVD incidence. Steps performed at a higher cadence may be associated with additional risk reduction, particularly for incident disease.
Intense Diffuse Lung Uptake Due to Interstitial Pneumopathy Related to Polyangiitis Granulomata in 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT
Authors: Aurélie Moreau, Valentin Pretet, Emilie Paquet, Anne Laure Giraudet, David Kryza
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

We reported the case of a 73-year-old man for whom a prostatic adenocarcinoma with synchronous bone metastases was diagnosed. Because his disease was progressing despite several lines of chemotherapy and hormonotherapy, he was screened with a 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT for a possible 177 Lu-PSMA-617 therapy. The examination demonstrated an intense diffuse bone uptake related to the known bone involvement. It also showed an unexpected diffuse and intense lung uptake, secondary to an active polyangiitis granulomata. This intense lung uptake prohibits the radioligand therapy.
Price Comparison of Human and Veterinary Formulations of Common Medications
Authors: Waqas Haque, Satheesh Chencheri, Beth A. Virnig, Anne H. Blaes, Christopher M. Booth, Stacie B. Dusetzina, Arjun Gupta
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

This cross-sectional study compares prices of commonly prescribed medications used to treat both humans and pets.
Core Outcome Sets in Child Health
Authors: Ruobing Lei, Quan Shen, Bo Yang, Tianchun Hou, Hui Liu, Xufei Luo, Yuehuan Li, Junhua Zhang, Susan L. Norris, Yaolong Chen
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

Importance Developing core outcome sets is essential to ensure that results of clinical trials are comparable and useful. A number of core outcome sets in pediatrics have been published, but a comprehensive in-depth understanding of core outcome sets in this field is lacking. Objective To systematically identify core outcome sets in child health, collate the diseases to which core outcome sets have been applied, describe the methods used for development and stakeholder participation, and evaluate the methodological quality of existing core outcome sets. Evidence Review MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL were searched using relevant search terms, such as clinical trials , core outcome , and children , along with relevant websites, such as Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET). Four researchers worked in teams of 2, performed literature screening and data extraction, and evaluated the methodological quality of core outcome sets using the Core Outcome Set–Standards for Development (COS-STAD). Findings A total of 77 pediatric core outcome sets were identified, mainly developed by organizations or researchers in Europe, North America, and Australia and mostly from the UK (22 [29%]) and the US (22 [29%]). A total of 77 conditions were addressed; the most frequent International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision category was diseases of the digestive system (14 [18%]). Most of the outcomes in pediatric core outcome sets were unordered (34 [44%]) or presented in custom classifications (29 [38%]). Core outcome sets used 1 or more of 8 development methods; the most frequent combination of methods was systematic review/literature review/scoping review, together with the Delphi approach and consensus for decision-making (10 [14%]). Among the 6 main types of stakeholders, clinical experts were the most frequently involved (74 [100%]), while industry representatives were rarely involved (4 [5%]). Only 6 core outcome sets (8%) met the 12 criteria of COS-STAD. Conclusions and Relevance Future quality of pediatric core outcome sets should be improved based on the standards proposed by the COMET initiative, while core outcome sets methodology and reporting standards should be extended to pediatric populations to help improve the quality of core outcome sets in child health. In addition, the COMET outcome taxonomy should also add items applicable to children.
Association of Mental Health Burden With Prenatal Cannabis Exposure From Childhood to Early Adolescence
Authors: David A. A. Baranger, Sarah E. Paul, Sarah M. C. Colbert, Nicole R. Karcher, Emma C. Johnson, Alexander S. Hatoum, Ryan Bogdan
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

This study assesses whether associations of prenatal cannabis exposure and psychopathology persist into early adolescence.
Cognitive Decline in Long-term Care Residents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Colleen Webber, Daniel T. Myran, Christina Milani, Luke Turcotte, Haris Imsirovic, Wenshan Li, Peter Tanuseputro
Journal: JAMA (2022)

This study examines the incidence of cognitive decline among long-term care residents in Ontario before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Metabolic collateral lethal target identification reveals MTHFD2 paralogue dependency in ovarian cancer
Authors: Abhinav Achreja, Tao Yu, Anjali Mittal, Srinadh Choppara, Olamide Animasahun, Minal Nenwani, Fulei Wuchu, Noah Meurs, Aradhana Mohan, Jin Heon Jeon, Itisam Sarangi, Anusha Jayaraman, Sarah Owen, Reva Kulkarni, Michele Cusato, Frank Weinberg, Hye Kyong Kweon, Chitra Subramanian, Max S. Wicha, Sofia D. Merajver, Sunitha Nagrath, Kathleen R. Cho, Analisa DiFeo, Xiongbin Lu, Deepak Nagrath
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2022)
The Lung Allocation Score Remains Inequitable for Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Even after the 2015 Revision
Authors: Nicholas A. Kolaitis, Hubert Chen, Daniel R. Calabrese, Kerry Kumar, Jill Obata, Carrie Bach, Jeffrey A. Golden, Marc A. Simon, Jasleen Kukreja, Steven R. Hays, Lorriana E. Leard, Jonathan P. Singer, Teresa De Marco
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

Rationale: The Lung Allocation Score (LAS) was revised in 2015 to improve waiting list mortality and rate of transplant for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Objectives: We sought to determine if the 2015 revision achieved its intended goals. Methods: Using the Standard Transplant Analysis and Research file, we assessed the impact of the 2015 LAS revision by comparing the pre- and post-revision eras. Registrants were divided into the LAS diagnostic categories: Group A-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Group B-Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension; Group C-Cystic Fibrosis; and Group D-Interstitial Lung Disease. Competing risk regressions were used to assess the two mutually exclusive competing risks of waiting list death and transplant. Cumulative incidence plots were created to visually inspect risks. Measurements and Main Results: The LAS at organ matching rose by 14.2 points for registrants with PAH after the 2015 LAS revision, the greatest increase amongst diagnostic categories (Other LAS Categories: Δ -0.9 to +2.8 points). Before the revision, registrants with PAH had the highest risk of death and lowest likelihood of transplant. After the 2015 revision, registrants with PAH still had the highest risk of death, now similar to those with interstitial lung disease, and the lowest rate of transplant, now similar to those with COPD. Conclusions: While the 2015 LAS revision improved access to transplant and reduced the risk of waitlist death for patients with PAH, it did not go far enough. Significant differences in waitlist mortality and likelihood of transplant persist.
Monitoring gait at home with radio waves in Parkinson’s disease: A marker of severity, progression, and medication response
Authors: Yingcheng Liu, Guo Zhang, Christopher G. Tarolli, Rumen Hristov, Stella Jensen-Roberts, Emma M. Waddell, Taylor L. Myers, Meghan E. Pawlik, Julia M. Soto, Renee M. Wilson, Yuzhe Yang, Timothy Nordahl, Karlo J. Lizarraga, Jamie L. Adams, Ruth B. Schneider, Karl Kieburtz, Terry Ellis, E. Ray Dorsey, Dina Katabi
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2022)

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the fastest-growing neurological disease in the world. A key challenge in PD is tracking disease severity, progression, and medication response. Existing methods are semisubjective and require visiting the clinic. In this work, we demonstrate an effective approach for assessing PD severity, progression, and medication response at home, in an objective manner. We used a radio device located in the background of the home. The device detected and analyzed the radio waves that bounce off people’s bodies and inferred their movements and gait speed. We continuously monitored 50 participants, with and without PD, in their homes for up to 1 year. We collected over 200,000 gait speed measurements. Cross-sectional analysis of the data shows that at-home gait speed strongly correlates with gold-standard PD assessments, as evaluated by the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part III subscore and total score. At-home gait speed also provides a more sensitive marker for tracking disease progression over time than the widely used MDS-UPDRS. Further, the monitored gait speed was able to capture symptom fluctuations in response to medications and their impact on patients’ daily functioning. Our study shows the feasibility of continuous, objective, sensitive, and passive assessment of PD at home and hence has the potential of improving clinical care and drug clinical trials.
Molecular MRI quantification of extracellular aldehyde pairs for early detection of liver fibrogenesis and response to treatment
Authors: Yingying Ning, Iris. Y. Zhou, Jesse D. Roberts, Nicholas J. Rotile, Eman Akam, Stephen C. Barrett, Mozhdeh Sojoodi, Matthew N. Barr, Tracy Punshon, Pamela Pantazopoulos, Hannah K. Drescher, Brian P. Jackson, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Peter Caravan
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2022)

Liver fibrosis plays a critical role in the evolution of most chronic liver diseases and is characterized by a buildup of extracellular matrix, which can progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver failure, or death. Now, there are no noninvasive methods available to accurately assess disease activity (fibrogenesis) to sensitively detect early onset of fibrosis or to detect early response to treatment. Here, we hypothesized that extracellular allysine aldehyde (Lys Ald ) pairs formed by collagen oxidation during active fibrosis could be a target for assessing fibrogenesis with a molecular probe. We showed that molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using an extracellular probe targeting these Lys Ald pairs acts as a noninvasive biomarker of fibrogenesis and demonstrated its high sensitivity and specificity in detecting fibrogenesis in toxin- and dietary-induced mouse models, a cholestasis rat model of liver fibrogenesis, and in human fibrotic liver tissues. Quantitative molecular MRI was highly correlated with fibrogenesis markers and enabled noninvasive detection of early onset fibrosis and response to antifibrotic treatment, showing high potential for clinical translation.
Receptor-independent fluid-phase macropinocytosis promotes arterial foam cell formation and atherosclerosis
Authors: Hui-Ping Lin, Bhupesh Singla, WonMo Ahn, Pushpankur Ghoshal, Maria Blahove, Mary Cherian-Shaw, Alex Chen, April Haller, David Y. Hui, Kunzhe Dong, Jiliang Zhou, Joseph White, Alexis M. Stranahan, Agnieszka Jasztal, Rudolf Lucas, Brian K. Stansfield, David Fulton, Stefan Chlopicki, Gábor Csányi
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2022)

Accumulation of lipid-laden foam cells in the arterial wall plays a central role in atherosclerotic lesion development, plaque progression, and late-stage complications of atherosclerosis. However, there are still fundamental gaps in our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms leading to foam cell formation in atherosclerotic arteries. Here, we investigated the role of receptor-independent macropinocytosis in arterial lipid accumulation and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Genetic inhibition of fluid-phase macropinocytosis in myeloid cells (LysMCre+ Nhe1fl/fl) and repurposing of a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug that inhibits macrophage macropinocytosis substantially decreased atherosclerotic lesion development in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient and Apoe-/- mice. Stimulation of macropinocytosis using genetic (H-RASG12V) and physiologically relevant approaches promoted internalization of unmodified native (nLDL) and modified [e.g., acetylated (ac) and oxidized (ox) LDL] lipoproteins in both wild-type and scavenger receptor (SR) knockout (Cd36-/-/Sra-/-) macrophages. Pharmacological inhibition of macropinocytosis in hypercholesterolemic wild-type and Cd36-/-/Sra-/- mice identified an important role of macropinocytosis in LDL uptake by lesional macrophages and development of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, serial section high-resolution imaging, LDL immunolabeling, and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of subendothelial foam cells provide visual evidence of lipid macropinocytosis in both human and murine atherosclerotic arteries. Our findings complement the SR paradigm of atherosclerosis and identify a therapeutic strategy to counter the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.