tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Hemodialysis Timing and Postoperative Mortality in Patients With End-stage Kidney Disease—Reply
Authors: Vikram Fielding-Singh, Matthew W. Vanneman, Eugene Lin
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PCYT2-regulated lipid biosynthesis is critical to muscle health and ageing
Authors: Domagoj Cikes, Kareem Elsayad, Erdinc Sezgin, Erika Koitai, Ferenc Torma, Michael Orthofer, Rebecca Yarwood, Leonhard X. Heinz, Vitaly Sedlyarov, Nasser Darwish Miranda, Adrian Taylor, Sophie Grapentine, Fathiya al-Murshedi, Anne Abot, Adelheid Weidinger, Candice Kutchukian, Colline Sanchez, Shane J. F. Cronin, Maria Novatchkova, Anoop Kavirayani, Thomas Schuetz, Bernhard Haubner, Lisa Haas, Astrid Hagelkruys, Suzanne Jackowski, Andrey V. Kozlov, Vincent Jacquemond, Claude Knauf, Giulio Superti-Furga, Eric Rullman, Thomas Gustafsson, John McDermot, Martin Lowe, Zsolt Radak, Jeffrey S. Chamberlain, Marica Bakovic, Siddharth Banka, Josef M. Penninger
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2023)
Human <i>PIK3R1</i> mutations disrupt lymphocyte differentiation to cause activated PI3Kδ syndrome 2
Authors: Tina Nguyen, Anthony Lau, Julia Bier, Kristen C. Cooke, Helen Lenthall, Stephanie Ruiz-Diaz, Danielle T. Avery, Henry Brigden, David Zahra, William A Sewell, Luke Droney, Satoshi Okada, Takaki Asano, Hassan Abolhassani, Zahra Chavoshzadeh, Roshini S. Abraham, Nipunie Rajapakse, Eric W. Klee, Joseph A. Church, Andrew Williams, Melanie Wong, Christoph Burkhart, Gulbu Uzel, David R. Croucher, David E. James, Cindy S. Ma, Robert Brink, Stuart G. Tangye, Elissa K. Deenick
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2023)

Heterozygous loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in PIK3R1 (encoding phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [PI3K] regulatory subunits) cause activated PI3Kδ syndrome 2 (APDS2), which has a similar clinical profile to APDS1, caused by heterozygous gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in PIK3CD (encoding the PI3K p110δ catalytic subunit). While several studies have established how PIK3CD GOF leads to immune dysregulation, less is known about how PIK3R1 LOF mutations alter cellular function. By studying a novel CRISPR/Cas9 mouse model and patients' immune cells, we determined how PIK3R1 LOF alters cellular function. We observed some overlap in cellular defects in APDS1 and APDS2, including decreased intrinsic B cell class switching and defective Tfh cell function. However, we also identified unique APDS2 phenotypes including defective expansion and affinity maturation of Pik3r1 LOF B cells following immunization, and decreased survival of Pik3r1 LOF pups. Further, we observed clear differences in the way Pik3r1 LOF and Pik3cd GOF altered signaling. Together these results demonstrate crucial differences between these two genetic etiologies.
Sepsis-induced endothelial dysfunction drives acute-on-chronic liver failure through Angiopoietin-2-HGF-C/EBPβ pathway
Authors: Grant Elias, Michael Schonfeld, Sara Saleh, Mark Parrish, Marina Barmanova, Steven A. Weinman, Irina Tikhanovich
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is an acute liver and multisystem failure in patients with previously stable cirrhosis. A common cause of ACLF is sepsis secondary to bacterial infection. Sepsis-associated ACLF involves a loss of differentiated liver function in the absence of direct liver injury, and its mechanism is unknown. We aimed to study the mechanism of sepsis-associated ACLF using a novel mouse model.
A self-amplified ferroptosis nanoagent that inhibits the tumor upstream glutathione synthesis to reverse cancer chemoresistance
Authors: Chuang Yang, Zheng Chen, Min Wei, Shen Hu, Mengyuan Cai, Nan Wang, Yunan Guan, Fangyuan Li, Qiang Ding, Daishun Ling
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2023)
Design of phase II oncology trials evaluating combinations of experimental agents
Authors: Elad Sharon, Jared C Foster
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2023)

Abstract We consider the design of phase II trials evaluating combinations of experimental therapies. In the modern era, many immunotherapy and targeted therapy regimens are being developed as combination regimens, including combinations consisting only of experimental agents. In some clinical or drug development scenarios, it may be difficult to isolate the effect of the individual agents composing a combination of this type, which makes the evaluation of the combination challenging. One such scenario arises when none of the agents making up the experimental combination have demonstrated single-agent activity in the clinical setting of interest. One solution to this problem is to use a randomized comparative trial in which the combination of interest is compared with 1 or both of its component agents, but some modifications to more traditional randomized comparative phase II trials must be made because all arms in such a trial would be experimental. In this manuscript, we present sensible modifications to randomized phase II trial designs that can be used in 2 common drug development scenarios of this type and provide a detailed discussion of the practical aspects of designing these trials. We also include 2 worked examples to further illustrate how to design such a trial.
Lipid-accumulated reactive astrocytes promote disease progression in epilepsy
Authors: Zhang-Peng Chen, Suji Wang, Xiansen Zhao, Wen Fang, Zhengge Wang, Haojie Ye, Meng-Ju Wang, Ling Ke, Tengfei Huang, Pin Lv, Xiaohong Jiang, Qipeng Zhang, Liang Li, Shu-Tao Xie, Jing-Ning Zhu, Chunhua Hang, Dijun Chen, Xiangyu Liu, Chao Yan
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2023)
Hormone Therapy for the Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Persons
Authors: Sarah Glynne, Louise Newson, Dan Reisel
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hydrocortisone in Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Pierre-François Dequin, Ferhat Meziani, Jean-Pierre Quenot, Toufik Kamel, Jean-Damien Ricard, Julio Badie, Jean Reignier, Nicholas Heming, Gaëtan Plantefève, Bertrand Souweine, Guillaume Voiriot, Gwenhaël Colin, Jean-Pierre Frat, Jean-Paul Mira, Nicolas Barbarot, Bruno François, Guillaume Louis, Sébastien Gibot, Christophe Guitton, Christophe Giacardi, Sami Hraiech, Sylvie Vimeux, Erwan L’Her, Henri Faure, Jean-Etienne Herbrecht, Camille Bouisse, Aurélie Joret, Nicolas Terzi, Arnaud Gacouin, Charlotte Quentin, Mercé Jourdain, Marie Leclerc, Carine Coffre, Hélène Bourgoin, Céline Lengellé, Caroline Caille-Fénérol, Bruno Giraudeau, Amélie Le Gouge
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

Whether the antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of glucocorticoids may decrease mortality among patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia is unclear.In this phase 3, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, we assigned adults who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for severe community-acquired pneumonia to receive intravenous hydrocortisone (200 mg daily for either 4 or 7 days as determined by clinical improvement, followed by tapering for a total of 8 or 14 days) or to receive placebo. All the patients received standard therapy, including antibiotics and supportive care. The primary outcome was death at 28 days.A total of 800 patients had undergone randomization when the trial was stopped after the second planned interim analysis. Data from 795 patients were analyzed. By day 28, death had occurred in 25 of 400 patients (6.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9 to 8.6) in the hydrocortisone group and in 47 of 395 patients (11.9%; 95% CI, 8.7 to 15.1) in the placebo group (absolute difference, -5.6 percentage points; 95% CI, -9.6 to -1.7; P = 0.006). Among the patients who were not undergoing mechanical ventilation at baseline, endotracheal intubation was performed in 40 of 222 (18.0%) in the hydrocortisone group and in 65 of 220 (29.5%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.86). Among the patients who were not receiving vasopressors at baseline, such therapy was initiated by day 28 in 55 of 359 (15.3%) of the hydrocortisone group and in 86 of 344 (25.0%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.82). The frequencies of hospital-acquired infections and gastrointestinal bleeding were similar in the two groups; patients in the hydrocortisone group received higher daily doses of insulin during the first week of treatment.Among patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia being treated in the ICU, those who received hydrocortisone had a lower risk of death by day 28 than those who received placebo. (Funded by the French Ministry of Health; CAPE COD ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02517489.).
Political endorsement by Nature and trust in scientific expertise during COVID-19
Authors: Floyd Jiuyun Zhang
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2023)

Abstract High-profile political endorsements by scientific publications have become common in recent years, raising concerns about backlash against the endorsing organizations and scientific expertise. In a preregistered large-sample controlled experiment, I randomly assigned participants to receive information about the endorsement of Joe Biden by the scientific journal Nature during the COVID-19 pandemic. The endorsement message caused large reductions in stated trust in Nature among Trump supporters. This distrust lowered the demand for COVID-related information provided by Nature , as evidenced by substantially reduced requests for Nature articles on vaccine efficacy when offered. The endorsement also reduced Trump supporters’ trust in scientists in general. The estimated effects on Biden supporters’ trust in Nature and scientists were positive, small and mostly statistically insignificant. I found little evidence that the endorsement changed views about Biden and Trump. These results suggest that political endorsement by scientific journals can undermine and polarize public confidence in the endorsing journals and the scientific community.
Epithelial Nlrp10 inflammasome mediates protection against intestinal autoinflammation
Authors: Danping Zheng, Gayatree Mohapatra, Lara Kern, Yiming He, Merav D. Shmueli, Rafael Valdés-Mas, Aleksandra A. Kolodziejczyk, Tomasz Próchnicki, Matilde B. Vasconcelos, Lena Schorr, Franziska Hertel, Ye Seul Lee, Miguel Camacho Rufino, Emmanuelle Ceddaha, Sandy Shimshy, Ryan James Hodgetts, Mally Dori-Bachash, Christian Kleimeyer, Kim Goldenberg, Melina Heinemann, Noa Stettner, Alon Harmelin, Hagit Shapiro, Jens Puschhof, Minhu Chen, Richard A. Flavell, Eicke Latz, Yifat Merbl, Suhaib K. Abdeen, Eran Elinav
Journal: Nature Immunology (2023)
Roles of tumor-associated macrophages in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy for solid cancers
Authors: Hao Zhang, Lin Liu, Jinbo Liu, Pengyuan Dang, Shengyun Hu, Weitang Yuan, Zhenqiang Sun, Yang Liu, Chengzeng Wang
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2023)

Abstract In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has made significant progress. However, tumor immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors), benefits only a tiny proportion of patients in solid cancers. The tumor microenvironment (TME) acts a significant role in tumor immunotherapy. Studies reported that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), as one of the main components of TME, seriously affected the therapeutic effect of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. In this review, we analyzed TAMs from epigenetic and single-cell perspectives and introduced the role and mechanisms of TAMs in anti-programmed death protein 1(anti-PD-1) therapy. In addition, we summarized combination regimens that enhance the efficacy of tumor PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and elaborated on the role of the TAMs in different solid cancers. Eventually, the clinical value of TAMs by influencing the therapeutic effect of tumor PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors was discussed. These above are beneficial to elucidate poor therapeutic effect of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in solid tumors from the point of view of TAMs and explore the strategies to improve its objective remission rate of solid cancers.
The use-the-best heuristic facilitates deception detection
Authors: Bruno Verschuere, Chu-Chien Lin, Sara Huismann, Bennett Kleinberg, Marleen Willemse, Emily Chong Jia Mei, Thierry van Goor, Leonie H. S. Löwy, Obed Kwame Appiah, Ewout Meijer
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2023)
Multiomic signatures of body mass index identify heterogeneous health phenotypes and responses to a lifestyle intervention
Authors: Kengo Watanabe, Tomasz Wilmanski, Christian Diener, John C. Earls, Anat Zimmer, Briana Lincoln, Jennifer J. Hadlock, Jennifer C. Lovejoy, Sean M. Gibbons, Andrew T. Magis, Leroy Hood, Nathan D. Price, Noa Rappaport
Journal: Nature Medicine (2023)

Multiomic profiling can reveal population heterogeneity for both health and disease states. Obesity drives a myriad of metabolic perturbations and is a risk factor for multiple chronic diseases. Here we report an atlas of cross-sectional and longitudinal changes in 1,111 blood analytes associated with variation in body mass index (BMI), as well as multiomic associations with host polygenic risk scores and gut microbiome composition, from a cohort of 1,277 individuals enrolled in a wellness program (Arivale). Machine learning model predictions of BMI from blood multiomics captured heterogeneous phenotypic states of host metabolism and gut microbiome composition better than BMI, which was also validated in an external cohort (TwinsUK). Moreover, longitudinal analyses identified variable BMI trajectories for different omics measures in response to a healthy lifestyle intervention; metabolomics-inferred BMI decreased to a greater extent than actual BMI, whereas proteomics-inferred BMI exhibited greater resistance to change. Our analyses further identified blood analyte-analyte associations that were modified by metabolomics-inferred BMI and partially reversed in individuals with metabolic obesity during the intervention. Taken together, our findings provide a blood atlas of the molecular perturbations associated with changes in obesity status, serving as a resource to quantify metabolic health for predictive and preventive medicine.
Prevalence and County-Level Distribution of Births in Catholic Hospitals in the US in 2020
Authors: Alice F. Cartwright, Brooke W. Bullington, Kavita Shah Arora, Jonas J. Swartz
Journal: JAMA (2023)

This study uses American Hospital Association data to examine the volume and distribution of births in Catholic US hospitals and quantify county-level patterns of Catholic and non-Catholic hospital births.
Recent Advancements on Self‐Immolative System Based on Dynamic Covalent Bonds for Delivering Heterogeneous Payloads
Authors: Qingbing Wang, Maciej Serda, Quan Li, Tao Sun
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

The precisely spatial-temporal delivery of heterogeneous payloads from a single system with the same pulse is in great demand in realizing versatile and synergistic functions. Very few molecular architectures can satisfy the strict requirements of dual-release translated from single triggers, while the self-immolative systems based on dynamic covalent bonds represent the "state-of-art" of ultimate solution strategy. Embedding heterogeneous payloads symmetrically onto the self-immolative backbone with dynamic covalent bonds as the trigger, can respond to the quasi-bio-orthogonal hallmarks which are higher at the disease's microenvironment to simultaneously yield the heterogeneous payloads (drug A/drug B or drug/reporter). In this review, the modular design principles are concentrated to illustrate the rules in tailoring useful structures, then the rational applications are enumerated on the aspects of drug codelivery and visualized drug-delivery. This review, hopefully, can give the general readers a comprehensive understanding of the self-immolative systems based on dynamic covalent bonds for delivering heterogeneous payloads.
Mitochondrial damage activates the NLRP10 inflammasome
Authors: Tomasz Próchnicki, Matilde B. Vasconcelos, Kim S. Robinson, Matthew S. J. Mangan, Dennis De Graaf, Kateryna Shkarina, Marta Lovotti, Lena Standke, Romina Kaiser, Rainer Stahl, Fraser G. Duthie, Maximilian Rothe, Kateryna Antonova, Lea-Marie Jenster, Zhi Heng Lau, Sarah Rösing, Nora Mirza, Clarissa Gottschild, Dagmar Wachten, Claudia Günther, Thomas A. Kufer, Florian I. Schmidt, Franklin L. Zhong, Eicke Latz
Journal: Nature Immunology (2023)
Perception of Social Support and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults With Depression
Authors: Raura Doreste-Mendez, Lauren E. Oberlin, Irena Ilieva, Serena Z. Chen, Faith M. Gunning, Nili Solomonov
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

This cross-sectional study assesses the association between perceived social support and cognitive performance in older adults with depression.
Toward Personalizing Care
Authors: Issa J. Dahabreh, Dhruv S. Kazi
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Retraction Note: MicroRNA-30d promotes angiogenesis and tumor growth via MYPT1/c-JUN/VEGFA pathway and predicts aggressive outcome in prostate cancer
Authors: Zhuo-yuan Lin, Guo Chen, Yan-qiong Zhang, Hui-chan He, Yu-xiang Liang, Jian-heng Ye, Ying-ke Liang, Ru-jun Mo, Jian-ming Lu, Yang-jia Zhuo, Yu Zheng, Fu-neng Jiang, Zhao-dong Han, Shu-lin Wu, Wei-de Zhong, Chin-Lee Wu
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2023)

This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-017-0615-x.
Association Between Enteral Supplementation With High-Dose Docosahexaenoic Acid and Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants
Authors: Isabelle Marc, Amélie Boutin, Etienne Pronovost, Norma Maria Perez Herrera, Mireille Guillot, Frédéric Bergeron, Lynne Moore, Thomas R. Sullivan, Pascal M. Lavoie, Maria Makrides
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance High-dose docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, may affect the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, high-level summative evidence supporting such clinical association in very preterm infants is lacking. Objective To examine the association between enteral supplementation with high-dose DHA during the neonatal period and the risk of BPD in preterm infants born at less than 29 weeks’ gestation. Data Sources PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, medRxiv, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to August 1, 2022, for eligible articles with no language restrictions. Study Selection Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were eligible for inclusion (1) if their interventions involved direct administration of a minimum DHA supplementation of 40 mg/kg/d or breast milk or formula feeding of at least 0.4% of total fatty acids, and (2) if they reported data on either BPD, death, BPD severity, or a combined outcome of BPD and death. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two investigators completed independent review of titles and abstracts, full text screening, data extraction, and quality assessment using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs were pooled using random-effect meta-analyses. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcome was BPD using trial-specific definitions, which was further stratified for RCTs that used a more stringent BPD definition based on systematic pulse oximetry assessment at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age. Other outcomes were BPD, death, BPD severity, or combined BPD and death. Results Among the 2760 studies screened, 4 RCTs were included, which involved 2304 infants (1223 boys [53.1%]; mean [SD] gestational age, 26.5 [1.6] weeks). Enteral supplementation with high-dose DHA was associated with neither BPD (4 studies [n = 2186 infants]; RR, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.86-1.34]; P = .53; I 2 = 72%) nor BPD or death (4 studies [n = 2299 infants]; RR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.91-1.18]; P = .59; I 2 = 61%). However, an inverse association with BPD was found in RCTs that used a more stringent BPD definition (2 studies [n = 1686 infants]; RR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.01-1.42]; P = .04; I 2 = 48%). Additionally, DHA was inversely associated with moderate-to-severe BPD (3 studies [n = 1892 infants]; RR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.04-1.29]; P = .008; I 2 = 0%). Conclusions and Relevance Results of this study showed that enteral supplementation with high-dose DHA in the neonatal period was not associated overall with BPD, but an inverse association was found in the included RCTs that used a more stringent BPD definition. These findings suggest that high-dose DHA supplementation should not be recommended to prevent BPD in very preterm infants.