tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Computerized Surveillance of Adverse Drug Events in Hospital Patients
Authors: David C. Classen
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To develop a new method to improve the detection and characterization of adverse drug events (ADEs) in hospital patients. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective study of all patients admitted to our hospital over an 18-month period. <h3>Setting.</h3> —LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, a 520-bed tertiary care center affiliated with the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City. <h3>Patients.</h3> —We developed a computerized ADE monitor, and computer programs were written using an integrated hospital information system to allow for multiple source detection of potential ADEs occurring in hospital patients. Signals of potential ADEs, both voluntary and automated, included sudden medication stop orders, antidote ordering, and certain abnormal laboratory values. Each day, a list of all potential ADEs from these sources was generated, and a pharmacist reviewed the medical records of all patients with possible ADEs for accuracy and causality. Verified ADEs were characterized as mild, moderate, or severe and as type A (dose-dependent or predictable) or type B (idiosyncratic or allergic) reactions, and causality was further measured using a standardized scoring method. <h3>Outcome Measure.</h3> —The number and characterization of ADEs detected. <h3>Results.</h3> —Over 18 months, we monitored 36 653 hospitalized patients. There were 731 verified ADEs identified in 648 patients, 701 ADEs were characterized as moderate or severe, and 664 were classified as type A reactions. During this same period, only nine ADEs were identified using traditional detection methods. Physicians, pharmacists, and nurses voluntarily reported 92 of the 731 ADEs detected using this automated system. The other 631 ADEs were detected from automated signals, the most common of which were diphenhydramine hydrochloride and naloxone hydrochloride use, high serum drug levels, leukopenia, and the use of phytonadione and antidiarrheals. The most common symptoms and signs were pruritus, nausea and/or vomiting, rash, and confusion-lethargy. The most common drug classes involved were analgesics, anti-infectives, and cardiovascular agents. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —We believe that screening for ADEs with a computerized hospital information system offers a potential method for improving the detection and characterization of these events in hospital patients. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:2847-2851)
Re: Jens Bedke, Brian I. Rini, Elizabeth R. Plimack, et al. Health-related Quality of Life Analysis from KEYNOTE-426: Pembrolizumab plus Axitinib Versus Sunitinib for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2022;82:427–39
Authors: Binghao Zhao
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Papular Eruption Secondary to Thrips Bites
Authors: Norman Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Distinctive skin lesions with pale halos occurred in Hawaii. The asymptomatic, erythematous macules and papules, located on the face, upper extremities, and neck, resolved sponstaneously in a few days. Clinical and epidemiological evidence implicated thrips, a minute plant-eating insect, as the cause of these bizarre lesions. Thorough medical evaluation of several subjects showed them to be completely normal. Unfortunately, attempts to reproduce the lesions in volunteers were unsuccessful. Awareness of the benign nature of these lesions may prevent over treatment.
Cardiac Rehabilitation.
Authors: G J Balady
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Cardiac rehabilitation is provided for people following diagnosis of a range of cardiac pathologies and to aid recovery after cardiac surgery. The programmes provided cost an estimated 34 m Pounds a year. However, there is wide variation within the programmes and many do not conform to current guidance. Drawn from the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination's latest Effective Health Care bulletin, this article summarises the literature on the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation. Its principal findings are that services do not always target all the appropriate client groups and do not always employ the most effective approaches.
P-Q-R-S-T: A Guide to Electrocardiogram Interpretation.
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The association between early-life gut microbiota and childhood respiratory diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Cristina Garcia-Maurino Alcazar, Veena Mazarello Paes, Yan Shao, Clarissa Oesser, Ada Miltz, Trevor D Lawley, Peter Brocklehurst, Alison Rodger, Nigel Field
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2022)

Data from animal models suggest a role of early-life gut microbiota in lung immune development, and in establishing susceptibility to respiratory infections and asthma in humans. This systematic review summarises the association between infant (ages 0–12 months) gut microbiota composition measured by genomic sequencing, and childhood (ages 0–18 years) respiratory diseases (ie, respiratory infections, wheezing, or asthma). Overall, there was evidence that low α-diversity and relative abundance of particular gut-commensal bacteria genera (Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, and Roseburia) are associated with childhood respiratory diseases. However, results were inconsistent and studies had important limitations, including insufficient characterisation of bacterial taxa to species level, heterogeneous outcome definitions, residual confounding, and small sample sizes. Large longitudinal studies with stool sampling during the first month of life and shotgun metagenomic approaches to improve bacterial and fungal taxa resolution are needed. Standardising follow-up times and respiratory disease definitions and optimising causal statistical approaches might identify targets for primary prevention of childhood respiratory diseases.
Deaths due to Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Authors: David A. Grimes
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Reproductive mortality has three principal components: deaths related to pregnancy, contraception, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The last component is usually overlooked. In 1955, deaths due to STDs constituted a minimum of 32% of all reproductive mortality in the United States; in 1965 and 1975, the percentages were 32% and 20%, respectively. Pelvic inflammatory disease and syphilis account for most deaths due to STDs. In 1979, the mortality rate due to pelvic inflammatory disease was 0.29 deaths per 100,000 women aged 15 to 44 years; the corresponding figure for syphilis was 0.17. If cervical cancer is viewed as an STD, then deaths due to this cause alone (approximately 6,800 per year) would far outnumber deaths due to all other reproductive causes combined. Surveillance of reproductive mortality in the United States should be expanded to encompass deaths due to STDs. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:1727-1729)
Vascular Surgery in Jehovah's Witnesses
Authors: C. Wilton Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Twenty Jehovah's Witnesses (age range: 17 months to 76 years) underwent central or peripheral vascular surgery for congenital or acquired disease. Two patients died: one (74 years old) from myocardial infarction, the other after a subsequent open heart operation. Hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit readings were not low enough in any patient to urge blood transfusion. Hospital convalescence averaged one week. Overall results compared favorably with results in other patients, indicating that a good outcome can be obtained in vascular surgery without blood transfusion.
Risk Factors for Persistent Middle-Ear Effusions
Authors: Michael J. Kraemer
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To ascertain risk factors for persistent middle-ear effusions (PMEE), we interviewed the parents of two groups of children. The first consisted of 76 children with PMEE who were admitted to the hospital for tympanostomytube insertion. The second, a control group, consisted of 76 children admitted for other types of surgery, who were matched for age, sex, season, and surgical ward. Nearly all (97%) of the children admitted for insertion of tympanostomy tubes had one or more episodes of suppurative otitis media. Only 59% of the control children had previous ear infections. Frequent ear infections sharply increased the risk for persistent effusions. Catarrh, household cigarette smoke exposure, and atopy also occurred more frequently in children with PMEE. The risk for middle-ear effusions was greatest when these three factors were all present. The avoidance of daily exposure to domestic tobacco smoke and, if atopic, of specific allergens should be included in the medical treatment of children with PMEE. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:1022-1025)
Measuring DNA in Human Cancer
Authors: Leopold G. Koss
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The definitive diagnosis of cancer is usually based on microscopic examination of tissue or cell samples by a pathologist. This diagnosis serves as a guide to the choice of treatment that, in at least some instances, may lead to the cure of the disease. The increasing sophistication in the classification of some cancers, such as malignant lymphomas and certain tumors of childhood, has led to quasi-specific treatment modes that match the disease process with optimal therapy, often with felicitous results. Unfortunately this group of cancers comprises only a small fraction of all malignant tumors when compared with the common carcinomas of various organs. Despite some progress, no established sophisticated methods of classification exist today for most carcinomas beyond histological tumor typing and grading and clinical staging. The success of treatment of these tumors varies enormously: it is common knowledge that small cancers, preferably still confined to the site of origin,
Aids to Anatomy (Pocket Anatomy)
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Congenital Malformations
Authors: Josef Warkany, Harold Kalter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

A GREAT shift in medical interests has occurred in recent years paralleling a shift in causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States and other Western countries. In the first half of this century the medical sciences were chiefly occupied with studies of environmental pathogenic factors affecting man in postnatal life. After the solution, in those years, of many infectious and nutritional problems, resulting in effective preventive measures, a concern with pathogenic factors acting in prenatal life developed. It has become clear that many diseases and disorders that manifest themselves after birth are to a certain extent determined before . . .
Periodic Fever Diagnostic and Therapeutic Problems
Authors: Hobart A. Reimann
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Eight years of investigation failed to disclose the nature of recurrent five-day episodes of fever in an otherwise healthy man. Although graphic records of the temperature kept by the patient showed episodes at intervals of about every 21 days at first, lengthening to about 63 days at present, 15 physicians did not consider periodic fever as a diagnosis among 14 other diseases. When better known diseases are excluded, recognition of periodic fever obviates continued unnecessary diagnostic effort and expense. The cause is unknown, and treatment is ineffective. (<i>JAMA</i>228:1662-1664, 1974)
Treatment of Neurosyphilis
Authors: Michael F. Rein
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In 1976, following a careful review of available clinical and experimental information<sup>1</sup>the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) published its current recommendations for the treatment of syphilis.<sup>2</sup>Such recommendations are ideally based on carefully evaluated, extensive clinical experience, but this is not the case for neurosyphilis. In only two small series has the treatment of neurosyphilis with penicillin G benzathine been prospectively evaluated. So few patients were studied that 95% confidence limits applied to the data suggest a cure rate as low as 67% with a single administration of 2.4 million units of penicillin G benzathine<sup>3</sup>and as low as 81% with treatment consisting of two such doses given one week apart.<sup>4</sup>Controlled studies are completely lacking on the current recommendation for three or four such doses of penicillin G benzathine administered at weekly intervals. When good data are not available, recommendations tend to be formulated
A Strategy for Health Manpower
Authors: Richard A. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1971)

MEDEX is a program creating a new class of medical professionals who are helping overworked physicians provide more and better medical care. The program takes advantage of training given medical corpsmen by the Armed Forces. Working with a physician, the Medex relieves the practitioner of much routine work not requiring a physician's sophisticated knowledge and skill. The MEDEX Program experience has developed a technological tool which has implications for many facets of the health manpower field, including the training of paraphysicians who have not had previous health training. The nomenclature in this rapidly emerging field of physician support personnel is garbed in confusion. The MEDEX Program has given us an opportunity to base health professional imagery upon actual performance rather than traditional roles. We have thus been stimulated to offer nomenclature alternatives based upon performance rather than hierarchically based terminology.
Principles of Sanitary Science and the Public Health, with Special Reference to the Causation and Prevention of Infectious Diseases.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Primary and Secondary Syphilis—United States, 2002
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Rates of primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis have been declining in the United States since the last national epidemic in 1990. Syphilis causes substantial morbidity and mortality in the form of cardiac and neurologic disease, stillbirth and developmental disability from congenital syphilis, and by facilitating transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Syphilis is both preventable and curable and has been successfully controlled in most developed countries. In the United States, declines in P&S syphilis have been followed by epidemics occurring approximately every 7-10 years. During 1960-1990, these cyclical epidemics resulted in progressively higher peaks in morbidity. To evaluate the epidemiology of syphilis in the United States, CDC analyzed notifiable disease surveillance data for 1998. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicate that in 1998 P&S syphilis declined to the lowest rates ever reported in the United States and that syphilis transmission increasingly is concentrated in fewer geographic areas.
Reading for a Desert Island
Authors: Richard Armour
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The next time I am asked what book I would like to have if I were marooned on a desert island, I know my choice. It would be the<i>New English Dictionary</i>(1888-1933). Running to 11 huge volumes of small print, it would last me a long time, perhaps until someone picked up my note in an empty cough-syrup bottle and sent out a rescue party. The<i>NED</i>is crammed with fascinating information not usually included in a dictionary. In addition to the usual meanings and etymologies, it quotes from works dating back hundreds of years, and thus combines lexicography and history. Recently I opened the M-N volume, thinking to look up the word "medical." I already knew the ordinary things about the word, such as its coming from the Latin<i>medicus</i>, physician, and being akin to<i>mederi</i>, to heal, and<i>remedium</i>, remedy. I also knew that it can be
Fatal cardiomyopathy in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: C. MELVILLE, D. ATHERTON, M. BURCH, A. COHN, I. SULLIVAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Summary Two unrelated children with autosomal recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) developed fatal dilated cardiomyopathy. Both were malnourished and had severe growth problems. We believe that the most likely cause for the cardiomyopathy is a micronutrient deficiency, most probably selenium deficiency, since the serum selenium level was found to be reduced in the case in whom we measured this, and in 14 to 25 other children with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Echocardiographic screening of 18 other patients revealed no evidence of cardiomyopathy. We recommend careful attention to nutrition, with prospective monitoring of vitamins and micronutrients including selenium and carnitine, and regular echocardiographic screening of patients with severe RDEB.
Failure of Vancomycin Treatment in Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis
Authors: Venu Gopal
Journal: JAMA (1976)

In a case of staphylococcal endocarditis, we failed to eradicate<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>from the blood stream with vancomycin hydrochloride therapy. The strain involved was sensitive to vancomycin by disk diffusion studies but showed a wide disparity between minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations. The lack of a bactericidal effect was probably responsible for the failure of treatment. A synergistic effect was demonstrated for the combination of gentamicin sulfate and methicillin sodium, and the patient was ultimately cured with this combination plus vancomycin. Bactericidal tests are important in choosing an antimicrobial agent for treatment of endocarditis. (<i>JAMA</i>236:1604-1606, 1976)
Clinical Lectures on Neurasthenia.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Alcoholism as Disease
Authors: Don Lew
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Journalhas repeatedly editorialized in favor of the disease conception of alcoholism and has praised the continuing efforts of those who would place this behavior problem within the purview of medicine. I do not quarrel with the fact that many excessive drinkers do require hospitalization for problems caused by alcohol, but I wonder if consideration of the many difficult problems caused by unqualified use of the disease conception of alcoholism has been adequate. At present, there is no agreement as to an acceptable definition of alcoholism, but the intention of those who sponsor the disease concept is to extend the definition so that anyone who chooses to diagnose himself may do so. As a practical matter, this is what regularly happens in alcoholism. All specialized treatment resources accept patients on their own diagnosis and in doing so they certify the diagnosis, with interesting legal and economic
Enhancement of Epidermal Carcinoma Formation by Prolactin in Mice
Authors: Lupulescu, Aurel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Journal Article Enhancement of Epidermal Carcinoma Formation by Prolactin in Mice Get access Aurel Lupulescu, M.D., M.S., Ph.D. Aurel Lupulescu, M.D., M.S., Ph.D. 3 3Address reprint requests to Dr. Lupulescu, 323 Medical Research Building, 550 East Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI 48201. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 74, Issue 6, June 1985, Pages 1335–1346, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/74.6.1335 Published: 01 June 1985 Article history Received: 30 November 1984 Accepted: 20 February 1985 Published: 01 June 1985