tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Convalescent Plasma for Covid-19–Induced ARDS in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Authors: Benoît Misset, Michael Piagnerelli, Eric Hoste, Nadia Dardenne, David Grimaldi, Isabelle Michaux, Elisabeth De Waele, Alexander Dumoulin, Philippe G Jorens, Emmanuel van der Hauwaert, Frédéric Vallot, Stoffel Lamote, Walter Swinnen, Nicolas De Schryver, Vincent Fraipont, Nathalie de Mey, Nicolas Dauby, Nathalie Layios, Jean-Baptiste Mesland, Geert Meyfroidt, Michel Moutschen, Veerle Compernolle, André Gothot, Daniel Desmecht, Maria I Taveira da Silva Pereira, Mutien Garigliany, Tome Najdovski, Axelle Bertrand, Anne-Françoise Donneau, Pierre-François Laterre
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

Passive immunization with plasma collected from convalescent patients has been regularly used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Minimal data are available regarding the use of convalescent plasma in patients with Covid-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Novel prognostic biomarkers in decompensated cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Adrià Juanola, Ann Thu Ma, Koos de Wit, Kohilan Gananandan, Olivier Roux, Giacomo Zaccherini, César Jiménez, Marta Tonon, Cristina Solé, Clara Villaseca, Frank E Uschner, Isabel Graupera, Elisa Pose, Maria José Moreta, Daniela Campion, Ulrich Beuers, Rajeshawar P Mookerjee, Claire Francoz, Francois Durand, Victor Vargas, Salvatore Piano, Sonia Alonso, Jonel Trebicka, Wim Laleman, Sumeet K Asrani, German Soriano, Carlo Alessandria, Miquel Serra-Burriel, Manuel Morales-Ruiz, Ferran Torres, Andrew S Allegretti, Aleksander Krag, Paolo Caraceni, Hugh Watson, Juan G Abraldes, Elsa Solà, Patrick S Kamath, Ruben Hernaez, Pere Ginès
Journal: Gut (2023)

Background Patients with decompensated cirrhosis experience high mortality rates. Current prognostic scores, including the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), may underperform in settings other than in those they were initially developed. Novel biomarkers have been proposed to improve prognostication accuracy and even to predict development of complications. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on novel urine and blood biomarkers and their ability to predict 90-day mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Secondary outcomes included 28-day and 1-year mortality, and development of acute-on-chronic liver failure, acute kidney injury and other complications. To overcome differences in units, temporal changes in assays and reporting heterogeneity, we used the ratio of means (RoM) as measure of association for assessing strength in predicting outcomes. An RoM&gt;1 implies that the mean biomarker level is higher in those that develop the outcome than in those that do not. Results Of 6629 unique references, 103 were included, reporting on 29 different biomarkers, with a total of 31 362 biomarker patients. Most studies were prospective cohorts of hospitalised patients (median Child-Pugh-Turcotte score of 9 and MELD score of 18). The pooled 90-day mortality rate was 0.27 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.29). The RoM for predicting 90-day mortality was highest for interleukin 6 (IL-6) (2.56, 95% CI 2.39 to 2.74), followed by urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) (2.42, 95% CI 2.20 to 2.66) and copeptin (2.33, 95% CI 2.17 to 2.50). These RoMs were all higher than for MELD (1.44, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.46). Conclusion Novel biomarkers, including IL-6, uNGAL and copeptin, can probably improve prognostication of patients with decompensated cirrhosis compared with MELD alone.
Barriers and facilitators to sustainable operating theatres: a systematic review using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Aws Almukhtar, Carys Batcup, Miranda Bowman, Jasmine Winter-Beatty, Daniel Leff, Pelin Demirel, Talya Porat, Gaby Judah
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: The health sector contributes significantly to the climate crisis. Operating theatres in particular are a major contributor of greenhouse gas emissions and waste, and while there are several evidence-based guidelines to reduce this impact, these are often not followed. We systematically reviewed the literature to identify barriers and facilitators of sustainable behaviour in operating theatres, categorising these using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Materials and methods: Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, and Global Health databases were searched for articles published between January 2000 – June 2023, using the concepts: barriers and facilitators, sustainability, and surgery. Two reviewers screened abstracts from identified studies, evaluated quality, and extracted data. Identified determinants were mapped to TDF domains and further themes as required. The results were reported in line with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) and AMSTAR (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) guidelines. Results: Twenty-one studies were selected for analysis and assessment (seventeen surveys and four interview studies) comprising 8286 participants, including surgeons, nurses and anaesthetists. Eighteen themes across ten TDF domains were identified. The most common barriers to adoption of green behaviours in operating theatres were in domains of: ‘knowledge’ (N=18) e.g. knowledge of sustainable practices; ‘environmental context and resources’ (N=16) e.g.‘personnel shortage and workload and inadequate recycling facilities; ‘social influences’ (N=9) e.g. lack of leadership/organisational mandate or support; ‘beliefs about consequences’ (N=9) e.g. concerns regarding safety. Intention was the most common facilitator, with eleven studies citing it. Conclusions: Despite intentions to adopt sustainable practices in operating theatres, this review identified several barriers to doing so. Interventions should focus on mitigating these, especially by improving staff’s knowledge of sustainability practices and working within the environmental context and time pressures. Furthermore, institutional change programmes and policies are needed to prioritise sustainability at the Hospital and Trust level. Additional qualitative work should also be conducted using behavioural frameworks, to more comprehensively investigate barriers and determinants to decarbonise operating theatres.
Injective Programmable Proanthocyanidin‐Coordinated Zinc‐Based Composite Hydrogel for Infected Bone Repair
Authors: Yue Wang, Yitao Zhao, Shiyuan Ma, Meimei Fu, Min Wu, Jintao Li, Keke Wu, Xiuli Zhuang, Zhihui Lu, Jinshan Guo
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Effectively integrating infection control and osteogenesis to promote infected bone repair is challenging. Herein, injective programmable proanthocyanidin (PC)‐coordinated zinc‐based composite hydrogels (ipPZCHs) are developed by compositing antimicrobial and antioxidant PC‐coordinated zinc oxide (ZnO) microspheres with thioether‐grafted sodium alginate (TSA), followed by calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) crosslinking. Responsive to the high endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) microenvironment in infected bone defects, the hydrophilicity of TSA can be significantly improved, to trigger the disintegration of ipPZCHs and the fast release of PC‐coordinated ZnOs. This together with the easily dissociable PC‐Zn 2+ coordination induced fast release of antimicrobial zinc (Zn 2+ ) with/without silver (Ag + ) ions from PC‐coordinated ZnOs (for Zn 2+ , &gt; 100 times that of pure ZnO) guarantees the strong antimicrobial activity of ipPZCHs. The exogenous ROS generated by ZnO and silver nanoparticles during the antimicrobial process further speeds up the disintegration of ipPZCHs, augmenting the antimicrobial efficacy. At the same time, ROS‐responsive degradation/disintegration of ipPZCHs vacates space for bone ingrowth. The concurrently released strong antioxidant PC scavenges excess ROS thus enhances the immunomodulatory (in promoting the anti‐inflammatory phenotype (M2) polarization of macrophages) and osteoinductive properties of Zn 2+ , thus the infected bone repair is effectively promoted via the aforementioned programmable and self‐adaptive processes.
Versican Promotes Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Cardiac Repair
Authors: Jie Feng, Yandong Li, Yan Li, Qianqian Yin, Haotong Li, Jun Li, Bin Zhou, Jian Meng, Hong Lian, Mengge Wu, Yahuan Li, Kefei Dou, Weihua Song, Bin Lu, Lihui Liu, Shengshou Hu, Yu Nie
Journal: Circulation (2023)

BACKGROUND: The adult mammalian heart is incapable of regeneration, whereas a transient regenerative capacity is maintained in the neonatal heart, primarily through the proliferation of preexisting cardiomyocytes. Neonatal heart regeneration after myocardial injury is accompanied by an expansion of cardiac fibroblasts and compositional changes in the extracellular matrix. Whether and how these changes influence cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration remains to be investigated. METHODS: We used apical resection and myocardial infarction surgical models in neonatal and adult mice to investigate extracellular matrix components involved in heart regeneration after injury. Single-cell RNA sequencing and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses were used for versican identification. Cardiac fibroblast–specific Vcan deletion was achieved using the mouse strains Col1a2-2A-CreER and Vcan fl/fl . Molecular signaling pathways related to the effects of versican were assessed through Western blot, immunostaining, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cardiac fibrosis and heart function were evaluated by Masson trichrome staining and echocardiography, respectively. RESULTS: Versican, a cardiac fibroblast–derived extracellular matrix component, was upregulated after neonatal myocardial injury and promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation. Conditional knockout of Vcan in cardiac fibroblasts decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation and impaired neonatal heart regeneration. In adult mice, intramyocardial injection of versican after myocardial infarction enhanced cardiomyocyte proliferation, reduced fibrosis, and improved cardiac function. Furthermore, versican augmented the proliferation of human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, versican activated integrin β1 and downstream signaling molecules, including ERK1/2 and Akt, thereby promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac repair. CONCLUSIONS: Our study identifies versican as a cardiac fibroblast–derived pro-proliferative proteoglycan and clarifies the role of versican in promoting adult cardiac repair. These findings highlight its potential as a therapeutic factor for ischemic heart diseases.
Simvastatin in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19
Authors: Thomas E Hills, Elizabeth Lorenzi, Lindsay R Berry, Murali Shyamsundar, Farah Al-Beidh, Djillali Annane, Yaseen Arabi, Diptesh Aryal, Carly Au, Abigail Beane, Zahra Bhimani, Marc Bonten, Charlotte A Bradbury, Frank M Brunkhorst, Aidan Burrell, Meredith Buxton, Carolyn S Calfee, Maurizio Cecconi, Allen C Cheng, Matthew E Cove, Michelle A Detry, Lise J Estcourt, Mark Fitzgerald, Ewan C Goligher, Herman Goossens, Cameron Green, Rashan Haniffa, David A Harrison, Madiha Hashmi, Alisa M Higgins, Christopher Horvat, David T Huang, Nao Ichihara, Deva Jayakumar, Peter S Kruger, François Lamontagne, Lamprini Lampro, Patrick R Lawler, John C Marshall, Alexina J Mason, Anna McGlothlin, Shay McGuinness, Zoe K McQuilten, Bryan J McVerry, Paul R Mouncey, Srinivas Murthy, Matthew D Neal, Alistair D Nichol, Cecilia M O'Kane, Rachael L Parke, Jane C Parker, Ebenezer Rabindrarajan, Luis F Reyes, Kathryn M Rowan, Hiroki Saito, Marlene Santos, Christina T Saunders, Christopher W Seymour, Manu Shankar-Hari, Pratik Sinha, B Taylor Thompson, Alexis F Turgeon, Anne M Turner, Frank van de Veerdonk, Sebastian Weis, Ian S Young, Ryan Zarychanski, Roger J Lewis, Colin J McArthur, Derek C Angus, Scott M Berry, Lennie P G Derde, Steve A Webb, Anthony C Gordon, Daniel F McAuley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2023)

The efficacy of simvastatin in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is unclear.
Stunting in infancy is associated with atypical activation of working memory and attention networks
Authors: Sobanawartiny Wijeakumar, Samuel H. Forbes, Vincent A. Magnotta, Sean Deoni, Kiara Jackson, Vinay P. Singh, Madhuri Tiwari, Aarti Kumar, John P. Spencer
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2023)

Abstract Stunting is associated with poor long-term cognitive, academic and economic outcomes, yet the mechanisms through which stunting impacts cognition in early development remain unknown. In a first-ever neuroimaging study conducted on infants from rural India, we demonstrate that stunting impacts a critical, early-developing cognitive system—visual working memory. Stunted infants showed poor visual working memory performance and were easily distractible. Poor performance was associated with reduced engagement of the left anterior intraparietal sulcus, a region involved in visual working memory maintenance and greater suppression in the right temporoparietal junction, a region involved in attentional shifting. When assessed one year later, stunted infants had lower problem-solving scores, while infants of normal height with greater left anterior intraparietal sulcus activation showed higher problem-solving scores. Finally, short-for-age infants with poor physical growth indices but good visual working memory performance showed more positive outcomes suggesting that intervention efforts should focus on improving working memory and reducing distractibility in infancy.
Metabolic Superscan on 18F-FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Mohd Fazrin Mohd Rohani, Nur Liyana Bujang, Abdullah Hanif Rosdi, Siti Zarina Amir Hassan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Superscan on PET/CT has been reported in the literature and mainly involved metastatic diseases. We report an uncommon case of a metabolic superscan on 18 F-FDG PET/CT in a 56-year-old man with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis who presented with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid scintigraphy showed 2 lesions posteroinferior to both thyroid lobes, suggestive of parathyroid adenoma/hyperplasia. FDG PET/CT performed to assess for pulmonary nodules revealed diffuse FDG hypermetabolism involving the visualized skull, mandible, spine, sternum, ribs, and appendicular skeleton without corresponding CT lesion with no urinary radiotracer excretion, consistent with metabolic superscan secondary to renal osteodystrophy.
Skeletal Fluorosis
Authors: Maria M. Gerges, Victoria T. Ngo, Jonathan Tu, Patrick M. Colletti, Heidi Wassef
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

A 27-year-old man with polysubstance abuse including methamphetamine, fentanyl, and 1.5 years of electronics compressed gas duster inhalation presented following an assault. Radiologic imaging performed for suspected fractures revealed periosteal reaction, cortical thickening with increased bone density, and ligament and tendon ossification, which were not present on imaging obtained 3 years before presentation. A bone scan was subsequently performed revealing a metabolic superscan with cortical irregularity. Further investigation revealed skeletal fluorosis from electronics compressed gas duster inhalation. Skeletal fluorosis may be considered when these osseous findings are encountered.
Membrane-derived particles shed by PSMA-positive cells function as pro-angiogenic stimuli in tumors
Authors: Camila M.L. Machado, Magdalena Skubal, Katja Haedicke, Fabio P. Silva, Evan P. Stater, Thais L.A. de O. Silva, Erico T. Costa, Cibele Masotti, Andreia H. Otake, Luciana N.S. Andrade, Mara de S. Junqueira, Hsiao-Ting Hsu, Sudeep Das, Benedict Mc Larney, Edwin C. Pratt, Yevgeniy Romin, Ning Fan, Katia Manova-Todorova, Martin Pomper, Jan Grimm
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2023)
Thymus alterations and susceptibility to immune checkpoint inhibitor myocarditis
Authors: Charlotte Fenioux, Baptiste Abbar, Samia Boussouar, Marie Bretagne, John R. Power, Javid J. Moslehi, Paul Gougis, Damien Amelin, Agnès Dechartres, Lorenz H. Lehmann, Pierre-Yves Courand, Jennifer Cautela, Joachim Alexandre, Adrien Procureur, Antoine Rozes, Sarah Leonard-Louis, Juan Qin, Nausheen Akhter, Nazanin Aghel, Kingsley Amidi, Elizabeth Anderson, Dimitri Arangalage, Mandar Aras, Aarti Asnani, Lauren A. Baldassarre, Rocio Barovila, Ana Sofia Barroso, Wendy Bottinor, Anissa Bouali, Eve Cariou, Wei-Ting Chang, Richard K. Cheng, Shanthini M. Crusz, Anita Deswal, Pierre-Yves Dietrich, Grace Dy, Clemence Docq, Steven Ewer, Suran Fernando, Danette L. Flint, Roberta Florido, Satoshi Fukushima, Elena Galli, Elizabeth Gaughan, Manhal Habib, Andrew Haydon, Lucie Heinzerling, Osnat Itzhaki Ben Zadok, Nahema Issa, Anja Karlstaedt, Kazuo Kitagawa, Michael Layoun, Michal Laufer-Perl, Carrie Lenneman, Darryl Leong, Chloe Lesiuk, Joshua Levenson, Teresa López-Fernández, Yan Liu, Kristen Machado, Pedro Moliner, Ryota Morimoto, Michel Obeid, Anna Narezkina, Nicolas Palaskas, Giovanni Peretto, Nicolas Piriou, Juan Carlos Plana, Peter P. Rainer, Maxime Robert-Halabi, Fanny Rocher, Eugenia Rota, Francois Roubille, Theresa Ruf, Shahneen Sandhu, Francis Sanjeev, Nobuhiko Seki, Kazuko Tajiri, Yuichi Tamura, Franck Thuny, Romain Tresorier, Isik Turker, Ellen Warner, Vlad Zaha, Han Zhu, Rémi Cheynier, Benedicte Charmeteau-De Muylder, Alban Redheuil, Florence Tubach, Jacques Cadranel, Audrey Milon, Stéphane Ederhy, Thomas Similowski, Douglas B. Johnson, Ian Pizzo, Toniemarie Catalan, Olivier Benveniste, Salim S. Hayek, Yves Allenbach, Michelle Rosenzwajg, Charles Dolladille, Joe-Elie Salem
Journal: Nature Medicine (2023)
Effects of psoriasis and psoralen exposure on the somatic mutation landscape of the skin
Authors: Sigurgeir Olafsson, Elke Rodriguez, Andrew R J Lawson, Federico Abascal, Axel Rosendahl Huber, Melike Suembuel, Philip H Jones, Sascha Gerdes, Iñigo Martincorena, Stephan Weidinger, Peter J Campbell, Carl A Anderson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2023)

Abstract Somatic mutations are hypothesized to play a role in many non-neoplastic diseases. We performed whole-exome sequencing of 1,182 microbiopsies dissected from lesional and nonlesional epidermis from 111 patients with psoriasis to search for evidence that somatic mutations in keratinocytes may influence the disease process. Lesional skin remained highly polyclonal, showing no evidence of large-scale spread of clones carrying potentially pathogenic mutations. The mutation rate of keratinocytes was similarly only modestly affected by the disease. We found evidence of positive selection in previously reported driver genes NOTCH1 , NOTCH2 , TP53 , FAT1 and PPM1D and also identified mutations in four genes ( GXYLT1 , CHEK2 , ZFP36L2 and EEF1A1 ) that we hypothesize are selected for in squamous epithelium irrespective of disease status. Finally, we describe a mutational signature of psoralens—a class of chemicals previously found in some sunscreens and which are used as part of PUVA (psoralens and ultraviolet-A) photochemotherapy treatment for psoriasis.
Metallic Materials for Bone Repair
Authors: Linlin Fan, Sen Chen, Minghui Yang, Yajun Liu, Jing Liu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Repair of large bone defects caused by trauma or disease poses significant clinical challenges. Extensive research has focused on metallic materials for bone repair because of their favorable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and manufacturing processes. Traditional metallic materials, such as stainless steel and titanium alloys, are widely used in clinics. Biodegradable metallic materials, such as iron, magnesium, and zinc alloys, are promising candidates for bone repair because of their ability to degrade over time. Emerging metallic materials, such as porous tantalum and bismuth alloys, have gained attention as bone implants owing to their bone affinity and multifunctionality. However, these metallic materials encounter many practical difficulties that require urgent improvement. This article systematically reviews and analyzes the metallic materials used for bone repair, providing a comprehensive overview of their morphology, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and in vivo implantation. Furthermore, the strategies and efforts made to address the short‐comings of metallic materials are summarized. Finally, the perspectives for the development of metallic materials to guide future research and advancements in clinical practice are identified.
Early Detection and Surveillance of the SARS-CoV-2 Variant BA.2.86 — Worldwide, July–October 2023
Authors: Anastasia S. Lambrou, Erin South, Eliza S. Ballou, Clinton R. Paden, James A. Fuller, Stephen M. Bart, Deena M. Butryn, Ryan T. Novak, Sean D. Browning, Amy E. Kirby, Rory M. Welsh, Daniel M. Cornforth, Duncan R. MacCannell, Cindy R. Friedman, Natalie J. Thornburg, Aron J. Hall, Laura J. Hughes, Barbara E. Mahon, Demetre C. Daskalakis, Nirav D. Shah, Brendan R. Jackson, Hannah L. Kirking
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2023)

Early detection of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants is critical to guiding rapid risk assessments, providing clear and timely communication messages, and coordinating public health action. CDC identifies and monitors novel SARS-CoV-2 variants through diverse surveillance approaches, including genomic, wastewater, traveler-based, and digital public health surveillance (e.g., global data repositories, news, and social media). The SARS-CoV-2 variant BA.2.86 was first sequenced in Israel and reported on August 13, 2023. The first U.S. COVID-19 case caused by this variant was reported on August 17, 2023, after a patient received testing for SARS-CoV-2 at a health care facility on August 3. In the following month, eight additional U.S. states detected BA.2.86 across various surveillance systems, including specimens from health care settings, wastewater surveillance, and traveler-based genomic surveillance. As of October 23, 2023, sequences have been reported from at least 32 countries. Continued variant tracking and further evidence are needed to evaluate the full public health impact of BA.2.86. Timely genomic sequence submissions to global public databases aided early detection of BA.2.86 despite the decline in the number of specimens being sequenced during the past year. This report describes how multicomponent surveillance and genomic sequencing were used in real time to track the emergence and transmission of the BA.2.86 variant. This surveillance approach provides valuable information regarding implementing and sustaining comprehensive surveillance not only for novel SARS-CoV-2 variants but also for future pathogen threats.
The glucose transporter 2 regulates CD8+ T cell function via environment sensing
Authors: Hongmei Fu, Juho Vuononvirta, Silvia Fanti, Fabrizia Bonacina, Antonio D’Amati, Guosu Wang, Thanushiyan Poobalasingam, Maria Fankhaenel, Davide Lucchesi, Rachel Coleby, David Tarussio, Bernard Thorens, Robert J. Hearnden, M. Paula Longhi, Paul Grevitt, Madeeha H. Sheikh, Egle Solito, Susana A. Godinho, Michele Bombardieri, David M. Smith, Dianne Cooper, Asif J. Iqbal, Jeffrey C. Rathmell, Samuel Schaefer, Valle Morales, Katiuscia Bianchi, Giuseppe Danilo Norata, Federica M. Marelli-Berg
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2023)

T cell activation is associated with a profound and rapid metabolic response to meet increased energy demands for cell division, differentiation and development of effector function. Glucose uptake and engagement of the glycolytic pathway are major checkpoints for this event. Here we show that the low-affinity, concentration-dependent glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) regulates the development of CD8