tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Environmental Triggers of Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Nicholas L. Mills, C. Arden Pope
Journal: Circulation (2022)

he term "acute coronary syndrome" comprises a range of presentations from unstable angina to myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death, one that emerged as a direct consequence of improved understanding of the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis. 1 We now appreciate that coronary artery disease is a dynamic process involving plaque vulnerability, fibrinolytic function, and platelet activation responsible for the sudden transition from an apparently stable state to a potentially life-threatening acute event. 2 This understanding has culminated in effective and clinically meaningful personal and public health measures to prevent acute coronary syndromes.
When I use a word . . . . Counterfactual medical history: Milton’s blindness
Authors: Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2022)

The cause of John Milton’s blindness has been widely discussed, based on his own account of his symptoms and a wide range of suppositions. No clear consensus has emerged. Candidates include glaucoma, retinal detachment, possibly in association with myopia, and a craniopharyngioma. No single diagnosis fits all the available information. Perhaps therefore, abandoning Occam’s razor, the primary diagnosis was complicated by comorbidities, such as posterior vitreous detachment.
Gut microbiota in mucosa and feces of newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve adult inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome patients
Authors: Hana Čipčić Paljetak, Anja Barešić, Marina Panek, Mihaela Perić, Mario Matijašić, Ivana Lojkić, Ana Barišić, Darija Vranešić Bender, Dina Ljubas Kelečić, Marko Brinar, Mirjana Kalauz, Marija Miličević, Dora Grgić, Nikša Turk, Irena Karas, Silvija Čuković-Čavka, Željko Krznarić, Donatella Verbanac
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

The knowledge on how gut microbes contribute to the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) at the onset of disease is still scarce. We compared gut microbiota in newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve adult IBD (Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)) to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and healthy group. Mucosal and fecal microbiota of 49 patients (13 UC, 10 CD, and 26 IBS) before treatment initiation, and fecal microbiota of 12 healthy subjects was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Mucosa was sampled at six positions, from terminal ileum to rectum. We demonstrate that mucosal microbiota is spatially homogeneous, cannot be differentiated based on the local inflammation status and yet provides bacterial footprints superior to fecal in discriminating disease phenotypes. IBD groups showed decreased bacterial diversity in mucosa at all taxonomic levels compared to IBS. In CD and UC, Dialister was significantly increased, and expansion of Haemophilus and Propionibacterium characterized UC. Compared to healthy individuals, fecal microbiota of IBD and IBS patients had increased abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, in particular. Shift toward reduction of Adlercreutzia and butyrate-producing taxa was found in feces of IBD patients. Microbiota alterations detected in newly diagnosed treatment-naïve adult patients indicate that the microbiota changes are set and detectable at the disease onset and likely have a discerning role in IBD pathophysiology. Our results justify further investigation of the taxa discriminating between disease groups, such as H. parainfluenzae, R. gnavus, Turicibacteriaceae, Dialister, and Adlercreutzia as potential biomarkers of the disease.
Monkeypox in 2022—What Clinicians Need to Know
Authors: Jeannette Guarner, Carlos del Rio, Preeti N. Malani
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Angel N. Desai, MD, MPH; George R. Thompson III, MD; Sonja M. Neumeister, MPH; Anna M. Arutyunova, BS; Katelyn Trigg, MPH; Stuart H. Cohen, MD
Clinical images: VEXAS syndrome presenting as treatment‐refractory polyarteritis nodosa
Authors: Masaki Itagane, Hiroyuki Teruya, Tomohiro Kato, Naomi Tsuchida, Ayaka Maeda, Yohei Kirino, Yuri Uchiyama, Naomichi Matsumoto, Mitsuyo Kinjo
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2022)

Disclosure Form Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Covid-19: Patients without respiratory symptoms no longer have to wear a face mask in GP surgeries
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Covid-19: Patients without respiratory symptoms no longer have to wear a face mask in GP surgeries Jacqui Wise 1 NHS England and NHS Improvement.Next steps on infection prevention and control (IPC). 1 Jun 2022, https://www.england.nhs.
LTBK-06. Memantine increases dendritic arborization and integration of immature neurons after cranial irradiation
Authors: Georgios Zisiadis, Carlos Rodrigues, Giusy Pizzirusso, Luis Arroyo-García, Ahmed Osman, Klas Blomgren
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract Cranial irradiation (IR) is a cornerstone in the treatment of high-grade pediatric brain tumors. While lifesaving, it is associated with severe sequalae in 50-90 % of the survivors, as they often show disabling cognitive dysfunction, declined IQ, impaired processing speed, anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms, resulting in poorer academic accomplishments and social isolation. Memantine (Mem) is a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist and a potent enhancer of neural plasticity. It is used in the clinical setting in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and dementias and has been shown to enhance cognition in post-IR cancer survivors. Nevertheless, while an improvement in synaptic plasticity has been documented in association to hippocampal neurogenesis, the exact mechanisms underlying Mem’s actions are yet poorly understood. The goal of this project is to further dissect the actions of Mem and identify factors that contribute to hippocampal neurogenesis. To this end, 20-day-old C57BL6/J mice were subjected to a single dose of 7 Gy whole brain irradiation and then supplied with Mem in the drinking water to obtain a steady-state plasma concentration of the drug. Animals were then sacrificed at different time points and the brains harvested for immunohistochemical staining, bulk-RNA sequencing and electrophysiological studies. Sholl analysis of the morphological data of the new-born neurons of Mem treated animals showed a statistically significant increase in coverage area (500µm2 vs. 250µm2, p= &amp;lt;0,0001) and number of dendrites (15 vs. 5, p= &amp;lt;0,0001) compared to non-treated individuals. Preliminary analysis of the electrophysiological responses revealed no changes in the gamma oscillations in Mem treated irradiated mice. The attained results will shed light on the mechanisms of action and take steps towards establishing Mem as a neoadjuvant therapy for children undergoing IR. Ultimately, we aim to ameliorate IR-associated neurocognitive impairment and improve the quality of life of pediatric cancer survivors.
Spatially resolved multi-omics deciphers bidirectional tumor-host interdependence in glioblastoma
Authors: Vidhya M. Ravi, Paulina Will, Jan Kueckelhaus, Na Sun, Kevin Joseph, Henrike Salié, Lea Vollmer, Ugne Kuliesiute, Jasmin von Ehr, Jasim K. Benotmane, Nicolas Neidert, Marie Follo, Florian Scherer, Jonathan M. Goeldner, Simon P. Behringer, Pamela Franco, Mohammed Khiat, Junyi Zhang, Ulrich G. Hofmann, Christian Fung, Franz L. Ricklefs, Katrin Lamszus, Melanie Boerries, Manching Ku, Jürgen Beck, Roman Sankowski, Marius Schwabenland, Marco Prinz, Ulrich Schüller, Saskia Killmer, Bertram Bengsch, Axel K. Walch, Daniel Delev, Oliver Schnell, Dieter Henrik Heiland
Journal: Cancer Cell (2022)

Glioblastomas are malignant tumors of the central nervous system hallmarked by subclonal diversity and dynamic adaptation amid developmental hierarchies. The source of dynamic reorganization within the spatial context of these tumors remains elusive. Here, we characterized glioblastomas by spatially resolved transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics. By deciphering regionally shared transcriptional programs across patients, we infer that glioblastoma is organized by spatial segregation of lineage states and adapts to inflammatory and/or metabolic stimuli, reminiscent of the reactive transformation in mature astrocytes. Integration of metabolic imaging and imaging mass cytometry uncovered locoregional tumor-host interdependence, resulting in spatially exclusive adaptive transcriptional programs. Inferring copy-number alterations emphasizes a spatially cohesive organization of subclones associated with reactive transcriptional programs, confirming that environmental stress gives rise to selection pressure. A model of glioblastoma stem cells implanted into human and rodent neocortical tissue mimicking various environments confirmed that transcriptional states originate from dynamic adaptation to various environments.
Assessment of the Use of Sex and Gender Terminology in US Federal, State, and Local Databases
Authors: Jeremy W. Jacobs, Lorin A. Bibb, K. Maureen Shelton, Garrett S. Booth
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
The Role of Echocardiography in Identifying ST-Segment Elevation Mimics—Reply
Authors: Leyu Wang, Guanhua Su
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Cancer vaccines
Authors: John T. Schiller, Douglas R. Lowy, Ian H. Frazer, Olivera J. Finn, Eduardo Vilar, H. Kim Lyerly, Sacha Gnjatic, Neeha Zaidi, Patrick A. Ott, Vinod P. Balachandran, Pierre-Yves Dietrich, Denis Migliorini, Robert H. Vonderheide, Susan M. Domchek
Journal: Cancer Cell (2022)
P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Davide Capodanno, Usman Baber, Deepak L. Bhatt, Jean-Philippe Collet, George Dangas, Francesco Franchi, C. Michael Gibson, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon, Adnan Kastrati, Takeshi Kimura, Pedro A. Lemos, Renato D. Lopes, Roxana Mehran, Michelle L. O’Donoghue, Sunil V. Rao, Fabiana Rollini, Patrick W. Serruys, Philippe G. Steg, Robert F. Storey, Marco Valgimigli, Pascal Vranckx, Hirotoshi Watanabe, Stephan Windecker, Dominick J. Angiolillo
Journal: Nature Reviews Cardiology (2022)
Error in Figure 2
Authors: Fabrizio Piazza, Jacob Hall, Sharon Sha
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2022)

Lars Egil Roberg, MD; Olav Monsson, MD; Simon Bang Kristensen, PhD; Svein Magne Dahl, MD, PhD; Line Bédos Ulvin, MD; Kjell Heuser, MD, PhD; Erik Taubøll, MD, PhD; Adam Strzelczyk, MD, MHBA; Susanne Knake, MD; Lydia Bechert, MD; Felix Rosenow, MD, MHBA; Dagmar Beier, MD; Sandor Beniczky, MD, PhD; Thomas Krøigård, MD, PhD; Christoph Patrick Beier, MD
Androgen receptor-mediated CD8+ T cell stemness programs drive sex differences in antitumor immunity
Authors: Chao Yang, Jingsi Jin, Yuanqin Yang, Hongxiang Sun, Lingling Wu, Mingyi Shen, Xiaochuan Hong, Wenwen Li, Lu Lu, Dongqing Cao, Xinran Wang, Jing Sun, Youqiong Ye, Bing Su, Liufu Deng
Journal: Immunity (2022)
Human leukocyte antigen‐haploidentical transplantation for relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia: Better leukemia‐free survival with bone marrow than with peripheral blood stem cells in patients ≥55 years of age
Authors: Frédéric Baron, Myriam Labopin, Johanna Tischer, Fabio Ciceri, Anna Maria Raiola, Didier Blaise, Simona Sica, Jan Vydra, Renato Fanin, Friedrich Stölzel, Alessandro Busca, Jose Luis Diez‐Martin, Yener Koc, Arnon Nagler, Mohamad Mohty
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2022)

Abstract The best stem cell source for T‐cell replete human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐haploidentical transplantation with post‐transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) remains to be determined. In this European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation retrospective study, we analyzed the impact of stem cell source on leukemia‐free survival (LFS) in adult patients with primary refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) given grafts from HLA‐haploidentical donors with PTCy as graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. A total of 668 patients (249 bone marrow [BM] and 419 peripheral blood stem cells [PBSC] recipients) met the inclusion criteria. The use of PBSC was associated with a higher incidence of grade II–IV (HR = 1.59, p = .029) and grade III–IV (HR = 2.08, p = .013) acute GVHD. There was a statistical interaction between patient age and the impact of stem cell source for LFS ( p &lt; .01). In multivariate Cox models, among patients &lt;55 years, the use of PBSC versus BM resulted in comparable LFS (HR = 0.82, p = .2). In contrast, in patients ≥55 years of age, the use of PBSC versus BM was associated with higher non‐relapse mortality (NRM) (HR = 1.7, p = .01), lower LFS (HR = 1.37, p = .026) and lower overall survival (HR = 1.33, p = .044). In conclusions, our data suggest that in patients ≥55 years of age with active AML at HLA‐haploidentical transplantation, the use of BM instead of PBSC as stem cell source results in lower NRM and better LFS. In contrast among younger patients, the use of PBSC results in at least a comparable LFS.
Acute OSA Impacts Diurnal Alzheimer’s Biomarkers through Nocturnal Hypoxemia and State Transitions
Authors: Korey Kam, Jonathan Jun, Ankit Parekh, Omonigho M. Bubu, Anna E. Mullins, Chenjuan Gu, Luu Pham, Thomas M. Wisniewski, David M. Rapoport, Indu Ayappa, Ricardo S. Osorio, Andrew W. Varga
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

"Acute OSA Impacts Diurnal Alzheimer's Biomarkers through Nocturnal Hypoxemia and State Transitions." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 206(8), pp. 1039–1042
MiR-690 treatment causes decreased fibrosis and steatosis and restores specific Kupffer cell functions in NASH
Authors: Hong Gao, Zhongmou Jin, Gautam Bandyopadhyay, Karina Cunha e Rocha, Xiao Liu, Huayi Zhao, Dinghong Zhang, Hani Jouihan, Soheil Pourshahian, Tatiana Kisseleva, David A. Brenner, Wei Ying, Jerrold M. Olefsky
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2022)
Assessment of Variation in US State Laws Addressing the Prevention of and Response to Teen Dating Violence in Secondary Schools
Authors: Avanti Adhia, Melanie Kray, Deirdre Bowen, Mary A. Kernic, Elizabeth Miller
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Teen dating violence (TDV) is widespread and has adverse consequences across the life course. Many US states are actively seeking strategies to prevent and address TDV in schools, including enactment and implementation of TDV laws. These state laws are upstream, system-level interventions that lay the foundation for an array of downstream targeted interventions to be deployed in schools. Despite these laws gaining momentum in the past decade, there has been minimal research examining their content and variability. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the content and comprehensiveness of US state laws addressing prevention of and response to TDV in secondary schools. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A team of public health and legal researchers used systematic policy surveillance methods to develop a comprehensive database of state laws addressing TDV in schools in all 50 US states and the District of Columbia (referred to hereinafter as "states") in effect as of September 30, 2020. Using LexisNexis and state legislature websites, state laws (statutes and administrative codes) were identified. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Components for each law were coded within 5 categories: scope, prevention education, policy, response, and implementation. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, 38 states (74.5%) had at least 1 law addressing TDV in secondary schools and 13 states (25.5%) did not. Fewer than half of states with a law (15 of 38 [39.5%]) defined TDV. All 38 states addressed prevention education, with 29 (76.3%) requiring and 9 (23.7%) encouraging these efforts. Prevention education was largely for students in most states (35 [92.1%]), but some states also required school staff (18 [47.4%]) and parents (8 [21.1%]) to receive prevention education. Fewer than half of states required (14 [36.8%]) or encouraged (3 [7.9%]) school districts to develop a policy addressing TDV. Very few states included requirements for how schools must respond to TDV incidents. Fewer than a third of states designated an individual to coordinate TDV efforts (12 [31.6%]), included a funding provision in their laws for TDV programs and policies (10 [26.3%]), and included explicit consequences for noncompliance with TDV laws (12 [31.6%]). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This cross-sectional study found that most US states had laws addressing TDV in schools, but there was significant variation in the content and comprehensiveness of the laws. These findings can inform the development of more comprehensive laws on TDV that may ultimately reduce such incidents.
Updated US Infection- and Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Estimates Based on Blood Donations, July 2020-December 2021
Authors: Jefferson M. Jones, Jean D. Opsomer, Mars Stone, Tina Benoit, Robyn A. Ferg, Susan L. Stramer, Michael P. Busch
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Estimated US Infection- and Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Based on Blood Donations, July 2020-May 2021
Hypoxanthine is a pharmacodynamic marker of ischemic brain edema modified by glibenclamide
Authors: Hannah J. Irvine, Animesh Acharjee, Zoe Wolcott, Zsuzsanna Ament, H.E. Hinson, Bradley J. Molyneaux, J. Marc Simard, Kevin N. Sheth, W. Taylor Kimberly
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2022)

Brain edema after a large stroke causes significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we seek to identify pharmacodynamic markers of edema that are modified by intravenous (i.v.) glibenclamide (glyburide; BIIB093) treatment. Using metabolomic profiling of 399 plasma samples from patients enrolled in the phase 2 Glyburide Advantage in Malignant Edema and Stroke (GAMES)-RP trial, 152 analytes are measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Associations with midline shift (MLS) and the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) level that are further modified by glibenclamide treatment are compared with placebo. Hypoxanthine is the only measured metabolite that associates with MLS and MMP-9. In sensitivity analyses, greater hypoxanthine levels also associate with increased net water uptake (NWU), as measured on serial head computed tomography (CT) scans. Finally, we find that treatment with i.v. glibenclamide reduces plasma hypoxanthine levels across all post-treatment time points. Hypoxanthine, which has been previously linked to inflammation, is a biomarker of brain edema and a treatment response marker of i.v. glibenclamide treatment.
Long-term Risk of Overdose or Mental Health Crisis After Opioid Dose Tapering
Authors: Joshua J. Fenton, Elizabeth Magnan, Iraklis Erik Tseregounis, Guibo Xing, Alicia L. Agnoli, Daniel J. Tancredi
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Patients prescribed long-term opioid therapy are increasingly undergoing dose tapering. Recent studies suggest that tapering is associated with short-term risks of substance misuse, overdose, and mental health crisis, although lower opioid dose could reduce risks of adverse events over the longer term. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the longer-term risks of overdose or mental health crisis associated with opioid dose tapering. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This is a cohort study using an exposure-crossover analysis. Data were obtained from the OptumLabs Data Warehouse, which includes deidentified medical and pharmacy claims and enrollment records for commercial insurance and Medicare Advantage enrollees, representing a diverse mixture of ages, races, ethnicities, and geographical regions across the US. Participants were US adults who underwent opioid dose tapering from 2008 to 2017 after a 12-month baseline period of stable daily dosing of 50 morphine milligram equivalents or higher and who had at least 1 month of long-term follow-up during a postinduction period beginning 12 months after taper initiation. Data analysis was performed from October 2021 to April 2022. <h3>Exposures</h3> Opioid tapering, defined as 15% or more relative reduction in mean daily dose during any of 6 overlapping 60-day windows within a 7-month follow-up period after the stable baseline period. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Emergency or hospital encounters for drug overdose or withdrawal and mental health crisis (depression, anxiety, or suicide attempt). Outcome counts were assessed in pretaper and postinduction periods (from 12 to 24 months after taper initiation). <h3>Results</h3> The study included 21 515 tapering events among 19 377 patients with a mean (SD) of 9.1 (2.7) months of postinduction follow-up per event (median [IQR], 10 [8-11] months). Patients had a mean (SD) age of 56.9 (11.2) years, 11 581 (53.8%) were female, and 8217 (38.2%) had commercial insurance (vs Medicare Advantage). In conditional negative binomial regression analyses, adjusted incidence rate ratios for the postinduction period compared with the pretaper period were 1.57 (95% CI, 1.42-1.74) for overdose or withdrawal and 1.52 (95% CI, 1.35-1.71) for mental health crisis. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These findings suggest that opioid tapering was associated with increased rates of overdose, withdrawal, and mental health crisis extending up to 2 years after taper initiation.
False Lumen Flow Assessment by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Long-Term Outcomes in Uncomplicated Aortic Dissection
Authors: Arturo Evangelista, Victor Pineda, Andrea Guala, Bart Bijnens, Hug Cuellar, Paula Rudenick, Augusto Sao-Aviles, Aroa Ruiz, Gisela Teixido-Tura, Rafael Rodriguez-Lecoq, Sergi Bellmunt, Ignacio Ferreira, Jose Rodríguez-Palomares
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)