tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of Connective Tissue Proteases in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease
Authors: James E. Gadek, Gerald A. Fells, Raymond L. Zimmerman, Ronald G. Crystal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The normal structure and function of the human lung is dependent on the maintenance of the connective tissue matrix. These structural macromolecules provide the template for normal parenchymal cell architecture on which efficient gas exchange depends. In addition, the organization and amount of this extracellular matrix accounts for much of the mechanical behavior of the lung parenchyma during the respiratory cycle. The preservation of this intricate connective tissue scaffold depends on the lung's capacity to prevent enzymatic disruption of the component matrix proteins. Specifically, the integrity of the normal connective tissue skeleton of the lung is determined by the maintenance of a balance between proteases capable of cleaving these structural elements and the specific protease inhibitors. The normal extracellular matrix is preserved when the local concentrations of protease inhibitors prohibits expression of active connective tissue proteases within the lung parenchyma. Conversely, the disruption of lung structure during the course of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the lung is often associated with an imbalance of protease-antiprotease activity. The consequence is the expression of unimpeded proteolytic attack on the connective tissue matrix of the lung. In this context, the nature of the pulmonary lesion and its physiologic consequences, reflect the specificity of the expressed proteases for the individual connective tissue components. Experimental evidence suggests that the differential expression of collagenase and elastase, prototypes of connective tissue proteases, may determine whether the pathologic outcome is fibrosis (e.g., idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) or destruction (e.g., emphysema) of the alveolar structures.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: J. Schölmerich
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

The causes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continue to be an enigma. The incidence has stabilized in Western countries. Involvement of the upper gastrointestinal tract has been found in a high percentage of patients, and can be used to guide the work-up in patients with abdominal complaints. Ileoscopy must be added to the routine investigation when a suspicion of IBD exists. A number of new methods have been proposed, in particular Doppler sonography and magnifying chromoscopy, but their clinical contribution remains to be determined. Carcinoma surveillance is still the major diagnostic problem. New methods are available but need to be evaluated, particularly in patients at increased risk, such as those with primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Pulsatile administration of low-dose gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Ovulation and pregnancy in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea
Authors: D. S. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1983)

We administered pulsatile low doses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (1 to 5 μg) to patients whose anovulation was caused by relative and absolute deficiency of endogenous GnRH. Eight such patients, including one with previous pituitary stalk transection, were treated during a total of 23 cycles; pulses of GnRH were administered via a portable pump every 96 or 120 minutes. Activation of pituitary-ovarian function with orderly development of a single dominant follicle, a luteinizing hormone surge, and ovulation occurred in 20 of the 23 cycles. The other three cycles were anovulatory. All patients responded, and five (62%) of the eight conceived, for a total of seven pregnancies and four full-term deliveries of normal infants. This study demonstrates that small pulsatile doses of GnRH can activate cyclic pituitary-ovarian function in hypogonadotropin-acyclic women and induce ovulation resulting in pregnancy and live birth. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:2937-2941)
Sick building syndrome
Authors: E. H. Atkins
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Engel<sup>1</sup>is to be commended for considering an environmental exposure in his differential diagnosis of a patient with recurrent afebrile flulike symptoms, but I disagree with his description of the sick building syndrome as an example of a "severe allergic reaction" likely to require restriction from work. Sick building syndrome is characterized by symptoms such as mucosal irritation, headache, and difficulty concentrating and often affects a large proportion of occupants of a new or remodeled, mechanically ventilated building. There appears to be no single cause. Factors such as bioaerosols, volatile organic compounds, poor lighting and temperature control, and work stress are likely contributors, although individuals have differing sensitivities to the same conditions. However, as stated in the reference that Engel cites, "there is little evidence that allergy is responsible for most of the features."<sup>2</sup>Although these symptoms can be troubling, many investigators feel that
Correction
Authors: London Terence
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Retrospective Pay for Assistants SIR,-In arranging for their retrospective remuneration by urging principals to pass on an appropriate proportion to them, the General Medical Services Committee has neglected the large body of assistants.The majority of assistants are taken on without a view to partnership or only with a possible view; As their chances of partnership recede into the distance, and this despite the fact that they have undertaken a large burden of the practice, they are constantly on the move from practice to practice looking for a position with better prospects.No principal is going to contact his previous assistants in order to pass on some back remuneration.The only ones with a chance of any retrospective pay are the assistants who were eventually taken on as partners; the remainder have got a raw deal.-Iam, etc.,
Congenital sideroblastic anemias: From molecular causes to treatment
Authors: Sarah Ducamp, Mark D. Fleming
Journal: HemaSphere (2018)

Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA This is an open access Abstract Book distributed under the Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CCBY-NC-ND), which allows third parties to download the abstracts and share them with others as long as they credit the author and the abstract book, but they cannot change the content in any way or use them commercially. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
X-RAY INJURIES.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Telling smokers their “lung age” promoted successful smoking cessation
Authors: Ellie Grossman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

ACP Journal Club15 July 2008Telling smokers their “lung age” promoted successful smoking cessationEllie Grossman, MD, MPH, Scott Sherman, MD, MPHEllie Grossman, MD, MPHNew York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA (E.G., S.S.)Search for more papers by this author, Scott Sherman, MD, MPHNew York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA (E.G., S.S.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-2-200807150-02005 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationParkes G, Greenhalgh T, Griffin M, Dent R. Effect on smoking quit rate of telling patients their lung age: the Step2quit randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2008;336:598-600. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18326503Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Pulmonology: Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA (E.G., S.S.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 July 2008. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 2008Volume 149, Issue 2Page: JC1-5KeywordsForced expiratory volume in the first second of expirationLungsPulmonary functionPulmonary medicineReproducibilitySalivaSilicosisSmoking cessationSpirometrySurgery ePublished: 15 July 2008 Issue Published: 15 July 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
ANAL TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: LOUIS A. BUIE
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Anal tuberculosis does not occur very frequently unless it is complicated by rectal involvement, and primary tuberculous fistula in ano is scarcely ever seen. F. C. Smith<sup>1</sup>found only 6 instances of anal tuberculosis in the records of 3,700 patients with rectal disease. Petter and Fansler<sup>2</sup>reported that among tuberculous patients the incidence of perianal tuberculosis was 0.8 per cent and the incidence of tuberculous abscess and fistula was 5.8 per cent. In a series of 551 cases of tuberculosis these authors found 12 cases of tuberculous anal ulcer, 2 cases of tuberculosis cutis orificialis and 1 case of lupoid cutaneous tuberculosis. Berry<sup>3</sup>stated that fistula and abscess comprised 85.9 per cent of all perianal tuberculous lesions and listed only 2 tuberculous ulcers in 18 instances of perianal tuberculosis. The disease occurs most frequently among young adults and, according to Quénu and Hartman,<sup>4</sup>is more common
Effect of age and cigarette smoking on carcinoembryonic antigen levels
Authors: J. C. Alexander
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were determined by the Hansen-Z-gel technique in 276 healthy volunteers, of whom 154 were smokers and 122 nonsmokers. The mean CEA level was significantly higher in smokers (2.7 ng/ml) than in nonsmokers (1.9 ng/ml) (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), and a significantly higher percentage of smokers had elevated CEA levels (<i>P</i>&lt;.05). In both groups, CEA levels were directly related to age. Seventysix of the 154 smokers who entered the study ceased smoking. Their CEA levels were determined at one, three, and six months after cessation of smoking. Within three months after cessation, elevated CEA levels declined to within the range of nonsmokers and did not appear to be influenced by previous smoking habits. Both age and smoking history must be considered for accurate evaluation of CEA levels. A reappraisal of the diseases associated with elevated CEA levels that considers the influence of age and smoking may invalidate some of the correlations previously reported. (<i>JAMA</i>235:1975-1979, 1976)
Incidence, Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies for Work- Related Assault Injuries: A Review of What Is Known, What Needs To Be Known, and Countermeasures for Intervention
Authors: J. F. Kraus
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1995)

This review organizes available data to address current epidemiological understanding of injuries from workplace assaults. We describe the incidence and general populations at risk for fatal and nonfatal work-related injury, and assess available information on risk factors and countermeasures considered important in reducing injury occurrence. Overall rates of occurrence of workrelated homicides and nonfatal injuries are estimated, and those factors that appear to be consistent across studies are explored. Much of what is known about occupations at high risk for assaults and injuries comes from a small number of documents and special studies within subsets of workplaces. Unfortunately, the potency of specific countermeasures for prevention of violence-related injury in work settings continues to be largely unknown. Numerous fundamental questions remain to be answered: Critical is a full assessment of risk, identification of situations and circumstances amenable to intervention, and evaluations to demonstrate effectiveness.
October Days
Authors: Peter R. McCombs
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The telephone call from my father caught me unprepared, since he never asked me for help. Most surprisingly, his call was an appeal to my professional judgment. He recited a medical history that I recognized instantly. In exquisite detail, he described a pain in his left instep and calf that, 10 days previously, had stopped him as he walked. At first his limit was a quarter mile, later the 100 yards to the mailbox, and eventually the next room. After a week he noticed the same incapacitating pain in his right leg. Now his toes hurt and both feet were cool, blue, and obviously ischemic. The thought of it chilled me. He had never before had symptoms of circulatory impairment, but the rapid progression of his symptoms predicted disability, arterial surgery, and, possibly, amputation of both legs. Though he recounted these unnerving events dispassionately, I soon realized how worried he
SAT-322-Comparison of point shear wave elastography (ElastPQ-pSWE) and FibroScan Transient Elastography (F-TE) for liver fibrosis staging in patients with NAFLD
Authors: Davide Roccarina, Laura Iogna Prat, Marta Guerrero, Elena Buzzetti, Francesca Saffioti, Francesco Arico, Anna Mantovani, Matteo Rosselli, Massimo Pinzani, Emmanuel Tsochatzis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
Thionamides for hyperthyroidism: on a clear day you can treat forever
Authors: A. M. Thomason
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The article by Slingerland and Burrows in this issue ofThe Journal(p 2408) results in two important conclusions: (1) if hyperthyroid patients are treated with thionamides (thioamides) for a sufficiently long time, few of them will have recurrence after discontinuation of the drug therapy, and (2) the adverse effects of long-term thionamide treatment do not occur with greater frequency than with short-term therapy (although the incidence of adverse effects in this series is comparatively low). If the use of thionamides is satisfactory, then why has it been supplanted by radioactive iodine as the primary method of treatment of hyperthyroidism? The answer lies in the relative advantages and disadvantages of both modalities. Certainly, social and economic factors are in part responsible; the mobility of our population makes it likely that the patient will not see the same physician for a period of years, encouraging the selection of the more expedient
Reply
Authors: R. H. Meyrick Thomas, C. M. Ridley, M. M. Black
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Reply Get access R. H. Meyrick Thomas, R. H. Meyrick Thomas Departments of Dermatology, St Bartholomew's, Whittington and St Thomas'Hospitals, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. M. Ridley, C. M. Ridley Departments of Dermatology, St Bartholomew's, Whittington and St Thomas'Hospitals, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. M. Black M. M. Black Departments of Dermatology, St Bartholomew's, Whittington and St Thomas'Hospitals, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue 1, 1 July 1984, Pages 122–123, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04028.x Published: 01 July 1984
Selective Transsphenoidal Adenectomy—Microbiopsy Prolactinomas
Authors: John Moossy
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We do not share the enthusiasm of Post and colleagues (242:158, 1979) for multiple "microbiopsies" in the diagnosis of prolactin (PRL) adenomas nor, indeed, for any other type of pituitary adenoma. It is our experience after evaluating the biopsy specimens of more than 100 patients with pituitary adenomas that the five to eight frozen sections advocated by the authors for microadenomas are excessive and unnecessarily expensive. The results with our first 50 patients are currently in press.<sup>1</sup> If five to eight microbiopsies are done and the pathologist charges realistically for his professional and technical services, then medical bills will be even more staggering. Some surgeons, and even pathologists, remain unaware that interpretation of frozen sections when properly done is a consultation between professionals and not merely a technical service. As a consultation, it is often poorly compensated. If the authors are donating the professional service of
Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance: the Framingham Offspring Study
Authors: James B Meigs, Martin G Larson, Melvin E Clouse, David M Nathan, Peter WF Wilson
Journal: Circulation (2001)

0002 Risk for clinical atherosclerosis is increased in people with type 2 diabetes (DM). We assessed subclinical atherosclerosis (SCA) of the coronary arteries using electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) in subjects classified with normal or impaired glucose tolerance (NGT or IGT) or DM, or with or without insulin resistance (IR). Glucose tolerance was categorized by DM therapy (diagnosed [Dx] DM) or with an oral glucose tolerance test (IGT and new DM; 1997 ADA criteria) and IR as &gt;90th percentile fasting insulin in subjects with NGT, in subjects of the Framingham Offspring Study attending the 5th exam (1991-95). A subset free of clinical CVD were selected for EBCT in 1998-99 from age-stratified sex-specific quintiles of the Framingham coronary heart disease risk score. Coronary SCA was quantified by Agatston scores, with the top quartile of score distributions defined as presence of SCA. We used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for IGT and DM (Dx, new, or both), or IR, predicting SCA. Models were adjusted for age and sex, these and smoking, total/HDL cholesterol ratio and systolic blood pressure, and finally for IGT and DM together with IR. Of 325 subjects aged 31-73 years, 51% were men; 11.2% had IGT and 9.9% had DM (2.8% Dx DM); 14.5% had IR. Compared with NGT, subjects with IGT tended to be more likely (adjusted OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.7-3.4) and those with DM were significantly more likely (2.7, 1.2-6.1) to have coronary SCA. In age-,sex-adjusted models those with IR were more likely to have coronary SCA compared with those without IR (2.1, 1.0-4.2), but further risk factor adjustment weakened this effect. In adjusted models including IR, DM remained associated with risk for coronary SCA, (2.8, 1.2-6.7); Dx DM (6.0, 1.4-25.2) having a larger effect than new DM (2.1, 0.8-5.5). We conclude that subjects with DM have an elevated burden of coronary SCA independent of IR. IR or CVD risk factors may partially explain effects of new DM. Although sample size limits analytic power, there was a trend for subjects with subclinical glucose intolerance to have increased coronary SCA, supporting the hypothesis of a common DM/CVD risk state.
Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: Fred S. Rosen, Robert J. Haggerty
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

TOXIC HAZARDS*Fatal Poisoning from Topical Use of Boric Acid Powder†Fatal boric acid poisoning has been reported many times, not only from accidental ingestion and infusion of boric acid solutions1 but also from the application of pure boric acid powder to denuded or inflamed skin lesions of infants.2 , 3 A fatal case recently seen at the Children's Medical Center, Boston, re-emphasizes the hazards of this therapy.A 3 1/2-month-old male infant was admitted to the hospital for the treatment of vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy and dehydration. Five days previously the mother had consulted the family physician about a diaper rash, and . . .
Molecular epidemiology of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in a university hospital, Ankara, Turkey
Authors: A. Pinar, O. Koseoglu, G. Yenisehirli, B. Sener
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2004)

<h2>Abstract</h2> Penicillin-resistant <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> isolates (<i>n</i> = 76) from clinical samples of patients admitted to Hacettepe University Hospital between January 1997 and December 2001 were included in the study. MICs of penicillin G, erythromycin A, clindamycin, cefaclor, cefotaxime, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and rifampicin were determined by agar dilution. The isolates were serogrouped on the basis of the Neufeld Quellung reaction and were typed by BOX-PCR. Genetic polymorphismof the penicillin resistance genes <i>pbp2b</i> and <i>pbp2x</i> was investigated by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Of the 76 isolates tested, 64 (84.2%) showed intermediate resistance to penicillin, while 12 (15.8%) were resistant to higher levels of penicillin (MIC ≥ 2 mg/L). The resistance patterns of the isolates revealed six different resistance profiles. There were 22 different serotypes, with <i>c.</i> 55% of the isolates belonging to serotypes 23B, 19A, 19F, 14, 6 A and 9V. Five distinct patterns for <i>pbp2b</i> and 12 distinct patterns for <i>pbp2x</i> were obtained by RFLP analysis of penicillin-binding protein genes. The combination of these patterns allowed isolates to be classified into 22 fingerprint subgroups. BOX-PCR analysis showed that the isolates fell into 14 distinct BOX genotypes, with 33 subtypes. Serotype 9V isolates with <i>pbp</i> genotype 2–6 and BOX-PCR type 4, 4.1 or 4.2 were related to the pandemic clone Spain<sup>9V</sup>–3. No relatedness to other international clones was detected among the other study strains, but genetic relatedness was observed among some of the serotype 19A and 23B isolates. Overall, the results demonstrated that most of the penicillin-resistant pneumococcal isolates in Turkey, other than those belonging to serotypes 9V, 19A and 23B, were derived from several independent clones, possibly resulting from multiple importation of strains originating from outside the country. Differences in <i>pbp</i> patterns, serotypes and resistance profiles among isolates that showed similar BOX-PCR patterns supported the hypothesis that horizontal transfer of capsular genes, <i>pbp</i> genes and other genetic determinants between <i>S. pneumoniae</i> and viridans group streptococci may have occurred.