tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

TH-302 is a hypoxia-activated prodrug currently in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. Using multiple complementary lines of evidence, Sun and colleagues demonstrate that TH-302 selectively targets the hypoxic regions of human xenograft tumors. In addition, their results show the potential utility of a hypoxia biomarker to guide the selection of patients for TH-302 treatment. The strong correlation between the magnitude of tumor hypoxia by pimonidazole staining and TH-302 efficacy serves as the basis for clinical trials that include analysis of patient biopsies stained with pimonidazole and a comparison with TH-302 efficacy.In the era of DNA-guided personalized cancer treatment, prediction analysis on tissue that matters is essential. In this study, Vermaat and colleagues comprehensively compared the genetic constitution of 1,264 genes involved in clinically relevant cancer-associated signaling pathways and processes in 21 patients with primary colorectal adenocarcinomas (CRC) and subsequent hepatic metastases using targeted deep-sequencing on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Differences in genetic variations between primary CRC and hepatic metastases in important pathways are of such magnitude that an impact on treatment outcome is realistic. This indicates that genetic analysis of metastasis may have more predictive power when patients are selected for specific treatment modalities.Visceral obesity is associated with a higher incidence and mortality in several intra-abdominal cancers. Klopp and colleagues proposed that tumor-tropic stromal progenitor cells in visceral fat may contribute to this relationship. Adipose stromal cells were isolated from the omentum, and their effects on endometrial cancer progression were evaluated with a xenograft model simulating the relationship of human tumors with regional adipose tissue. Compared with stromal cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue, omental stromal cells exhibited stronger stimulatory effects on tumor vascularization, proliferation, and growth. These findings may explain the increased risk and mortality of cancer in patients with excess visceral adiposity.Listeria monocytogenes (Lm)-based vaccines naturally target dendritic cells and stimulate both innate and adaptive immunity. In preclinical studies, the use of Lm vaccines resulted in enhanced tumor-specific immunity, delayed tumor growth, and improved survival. Le and colleagues report the results of 2 phase I clinical studies in patients with advanced cancer testing the ANZ-100 [a live-attenuated Lm strain (Lm ΔactA/ΔinlB)] and CRS-207 (the Lm ΔactA/ΔinlB strain engineered to express human mesothelin). Lm was well tolerated, with encouraging dosedependent evidence of immune activation. These findings provide valuable insight into the safety and dosing of this approach that will advance the further development of Lm vaccines.
Cutaneous Necrosis Caused by Systemically Administered Heparin
Authors: Ralph A. Kelly
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Two cases of cutaneous necrosis occurred that were caused by intravenous administration of porcine heparin for deep venous thrombophlebitis. The lesions grossly resembled those of warfarin sodium-induced skin necrosis. However, histologically, no fibrin thrombi were noted in capillaries and vessels, a characteristic finding in warfarin necrosis. There was no evidence of vasculitis in the lesions. Both patients subsequently received warfarin without complications. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:1582-1583)
An Introduction to the Study of Mental Disorders.
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Assessment of Recovery From Curare
Authors: Leonard F. Walts
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The major hazard in the use of curare-like drugs in anesthesia is the failure to antagonize residual muscle weakness. We have shown that the head-raising test is not always a reliable index of curare recovery. On the other hand, a sustained muscular contraction in response to tetanic nerve stimulation could always be correlated with greater than 90% recovery in vital capacity and maximum voluntary ventilation. We recommend that in the event a patient cannot maintain a tetanic contracture, residual effects from the administration of curare should be treated with an anticholinesterase drug.
Human Megakaryocytopoiesis
Authors: R B Sims, A M Gewirtz
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1989)

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 ...Read More
Survey Indicates 133 Orphan Drug Products in Development for 96 Relatively Rare Disorders
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1989)

EIGHTY-FIVE companies have 133 drugs in various stages of development for 96 rare diseases. This is the first comprehensive listing of orphan drugs since the Orphan Drug Act became law in 1983. The list was compiled by the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association in response to a request by the National Commission on Orphan Diseases (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;261: 2938). <h3>More Than One Disease</h3> Some drugs are being studied for more than one rare disease. Of the 299 orphan drug designations granted by the Food and Drug Administration, 172 are in development and 39 designations involving 36 drugs have been approved. The 88 remaining designations are in early preclinical trial, are diagnostic agents, or are no longer under active investigation, says Gerald J. Mossinghoff, Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association president. There are 64 research projects in the final stages of development and 40 of these are currently being reviewed for approval by the Food and Drug
Highlights of This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Lin and colleagues have tested the functional integrity of the ATM–p53–p21 pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) using 278 stored samples from the LRF CLL4 trial of first-line chemotherapy. They showed that blockade of the ATM–p53–p21 pathway at the level of p21 was associated with early disease progression in patients who had achieved a complete or partial response to chemotherapy. These findings implicate cell-cycle regulation as an important determinant of early relapse and support a role for ATM–p53–p21 functional analysis in identifying patients who might derive particular benefit from postinduction maintenance therapy.The molecular composition of primary melanomas remains an unsolved problem. Harbst and colleagues used molecular profiling on primary melanoma tissue and identified low-grade and high-grade forms that were reproducible across independent data sets, significantly associated with known prognostic indicators and highly predictive of disease outcome. In recovering these fossilized gene expression signatures from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue, this study represents the deepest exploration of the expression space within primary melanoma to date. In short, these findings will create new avenues of clinical diagnostics and open up previously obscured vistas in melanoma biology.Cancer vaccines for B-cell lymphomas targeting idiotypic proteins constitute a promising therapeutic strategy, although the individualized production of these vaccines is still complex, costly, and poorly applicable on a large scale. Martorelli and colleagues show that these limitations may be overcome by exploiting the immunogenic properties of clonal immunoglobulin light chains of the IGKV3 family, which are broadly expressed by different B-cell lymphoproliferations. The ability of IGKV3-based recombinant vaccines to elicit cross-reactive responses against molecularly related light chains provides the rationale to activate a phase I/II study aimed at assessing the safety and efficacy of these vaccines.Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a proinflammatory cytokine with potent antitumor activity, but its administration to patients has resulted in severe toxicities and limited efficacy at submilligram doses. To improve the therapeutic index of IL-12, Pasche ands colleagues developed a novel IL-12–based immunocytokine format based on the F8 antibody, specific to the alternatively spliced EDA domain of fibronectin, a marker of tumor angiogenesis. After intravenous administration, this immunocytokine selectively localized on the tumor neovasculature and potently inhibited tumor growth in 3 immunocompetent syngeneic murine models of cancer. The fusion protein was also expressed as a fully human immunocytokine, paving the way for its clinical development.
FDA issues pediatric respiratory device alert
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1983)

An attempt to facilitate life in critically ill newborns and small infants can lead to death if the components of the respiratory assistance devices used are not compatible, warned the Food and Drug Administration's National Center for Devices and Radiological Health (NCDRH) recently. In an alert letter sent to all US hospitals, NCDRH Office of Health Affairs director Marlene E. Haffner, MD, warned that this hazard can occur if certain breathing system connectors and adapters intended to reduce deadspace are used together. Ideally, there should be a slight gap between the lumen of the tracheal tube connector and that of the fresh gas (oxygen) inlet tube to serve as an exhalation pathway. If mismatched—that is, abutting—adapters and connectors are used during anesthesia or respiratory therapy, obliteration of this gap could either produce high resistance to exhalation or prevent it completely, thereby increasing intrapulmonary pressure and almost certainly causing pneumothorax. The
READING DISORDERS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Albert M. Potts
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Inability of children to read, or to read well, poses a challenging problem to physicians and educators. A recently published symposium<sup>1</sup>serves a highly useful purpose in presenting progressive medical views of this much-vexed subject. The chief participants in dyslexia studies, the physician and the educator, have had views so diametrically opposed that they have found it difficult even to communicate with one another. The experienced physician has seen cases of adults who, previously capable of perfectly confident reading performance, have suffered a cerebral vascular accident and have found their reading ability instantly abolished. This loss of function can be correlated accurately with a specific lesion in the cerebral cortex. Thus, the physician knows that loss of reading function can be the result of definable organic disease. He also knows that in children with reading problems the incidence of refractive error, muscle balance problems, or other specific ocular disease
Utility of Endoscopic Screening for Upper Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jesper Lagergren
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bentley and Driver's Text-Book of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Allergy to Local Anesthetics
Authors: Leo H. Criep
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The article, "Allergy to Local Anesthetics (<b>207</b>:356, 1969), suggests that positive immediate wheal and flare type of skin reactions are obtained in patients sensitive to procaine hydrochloride and related drugs, and that "a negative response (skin test) may suggest tolerance to the drugs." The authors state that "the validity of skin testing is not that it gives the total answer to whether or not a patient is allergic to a certain drug; but it is assumed that patients can safely receive the drugs to which they do not respond." Furthermore, the patient whose case history is included in this report had recurrent local and systemic reactions on several occasions following the injection of procaine. The intracutaneous tests were carried out with 0.1 ml of procaine hydrochloride (1%) and similar amounts of related drugs. I should like to comment as follows: (1) Patients truly allergic to a
Relationship between tumor area, tumor volume, and criteria of response in clinical trials.
Authors: G Clamon, L Clamon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1993.11.5.1005 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 8487042 Relationship between tumor area, tumor volume, and criteria of response in clinical trials. G ClamonxG ClamonSearch for articles by this author , L ClamonxL ClamonSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1993.11.5.1005 PDF "Relationship between tumor area, tumor volume, and criteria of response in clinical trials.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 11(5), p. 1005© 1993 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
A Text-Book of Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Pharmacology.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Many physicians following own advice about not smoking
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Physicians apparently continue to be right up at the front of the nonsmoking brigades. In the United States, only 14% of physicians are now smokers, says Jeremiah Stamler, MD, of Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago. Stamler points particularly to a study by James E. Enstrom, PhD, of the School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, that reported a dramatic decline in the percentage of California physicians who smoke. The decline was from 53% in 1950 to about 10% in 1980 (<i>Br Med J</i>1983;286:1101-1105). This compares with a less steep decline in smoking among white males generally in the United States. In 1964, more than half of this group smoked cigarettes. Two decades later, 38% are smokers. Now, informal polls conducted at two recent medical society meetings suggest that the percentage of smoking physicians is continuing to fall. Stamler surveyed physicians attending the American College of Cardiology meeting
Maternity Ward Monitoring Devices
Authors: David E. Goodnough
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Schifrin and Dame, "Fetal Heart Rate Patterns—Prediction of Apgar Score" in the March 6th issue deserves praise for their fine attempt to point up the clinical applicability of a rather sophisticated piece of medical equipment. All too often, physicians and hospital are caught up with the glamor of accumulating expensive monitoring devices without fully appreciating what these devices are measuring, whether or not useful data can be obtained from this equipment and whether or not the physician or nurse can appropriately alter the care of their patient in response to this information in order to achieve a better result. I think we must consider our maternity wards more and more in the light of an appropriate intensive care area in order to help in the achievement of the highest quality of life. In my humble opinion, the hallmark of an intensive care area, taking
Preventing and treating eclamptic seizures
Authors: N. F Moran
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Low tracking error active strategies (often called <i>enhanced active</i> strategies) have fallen out of favor in recent years as investors—keen to avoid wasting money on so-called <i>closet index funds</i>—have gravitated toward higher-risk, more-concentrated strategies or very low-cost index investing. The authors believe that, compared with other active strategies, enhanced active strategies are considerably underrepresented today and that many investors would benefit from exploring their potential. Recent research has shown that large investors are unable to adequately diversify their active allocations because of policy requirements and—crucially—capacity constraints. Because they are applying an overly narrow, manager-by-manager analysis of active share or active risk, many investors believe that the total risk exposure and return potential of their active allocations justify the fees they are paying for active management. They are often wrong. Our research demonstrates that enhanced active funds, with their significant capacity advantages, can be a highly effective tool to combat the overdiversification of active allocations. As such, the authors believe that investors should take a broad view of their active portfolios and consider the role that enhanced active strategies can play as a more desirable alternative to highly concentrated active management. <b>TOPICS:</b>Portfolio construction, passive strategies, performance measurement
Highlights from Recent Cancer Literature
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

NR2F1 Reprograms Malignant Cells into DormancySosa and colleagues reveal that the orphan nuclear receptor NR2F1, which is involved in lineage commitment and silenced in human tumors and metastasis, is upregulated in solitary dormant tumor cells in cancer patients and mouse models.Retinoic acid induced NR2F1 expression and disseminated tumor cell (DTC) dormancy via induction of SOX9, RARb, and CDK inhibitors.Further, dormant tumor cells acquired a repressive chromatin state that was NR2F1 dependent.Surprisingly, NR2F1 induced NANOG and SOX2, with SOX2 required for dormancy of bone marrow DTCs.Importantly, transient treatment with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine, followed by all-trans retinoic acid, restored NR2F1 expression and key dormancy hallmarks and induced long-term in vivo quiescence of malignant cells.This study reveals novel mechanisms of dormancy, new markers for dormant DTCs in patients, and a therapeutic strategy to prevent metastasis by inducing dormant residual disease.(Image courtesy of Wikimedia