tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of allogeneic transplant for adult Ph+ ALL in CR1 with complete molecular remission: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Armin Ghobadi, Michael Slade, Hagop Kantarjian, Julio Alvarenga, Ibrahim Aldoss, Kahee A. Mohammed, Elias Jabbour, Rawan Faramand, Bijal Shah, Frederick Locke, Warren Fingrut, Jae H. Park, Nicholas J. Short, Feng Gao, Geoffrey L. Uy, Peter Westervelt, John F. DiPersio, Richard E. Champlin, Monzr M. Al Malki, Farhad Ravandi, Partow Kebriaei
Journal: Blood (2022)
T-cell exhaustion induced by continuous bispecific molecule exposure is ameliorated by treatment-free intervals
Authors: Nora Philipp, Maryam Kazerani, Alyssa Nicholls, Binje Vick, Jan Wulf, Tobias Straub, Michaela Scheurer, Amelie Muth, Gerulf Hänel, Daniel Nixdorf, Monika Sponheimer, Malte Ohlmeyer, Sonja M. Lacher, Bettina Brauchle, Anetta Marcinek, Lisa Rohrbacher, Alexandra Leutbecher, Kai Rejeski, Oliver Weigert, Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon, Sebastian Theurich, Roman Kischel, Irmela Jeremias, Veit Bücklein, Marion Subklewe
Journal: Blood (2022)

T-cell-recruiting bispecific molecule therapy has yielded promising results in patients with hematologic malignancies; however, resistance and subsequent relapse remains a major challenge. T-cell exhaustion induced by persistent antigen stimulation or tonic receptor signaling has been reported to compromise outcomes of T-cell-based immunotherapies. The impact of continuous exposure to bispecifics on T-cell function, however, remains poorly understood. In relapsed/refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients, 28-day continuous infusion with the CD19xCD3 bispecific molecule blinatumomab led to declining T-cell function. In an in vitro model system, mimicking 28-day continuous infusion with the half-life-extended CD19xCD3 bispecific AMG 562, we identified hallmark features of exhaustion arising over time. Continuous AMG 562 exposure induced progressive loss of T-cell function (day 7 vs day 28 mean specific lysis: 88.4% vs 8.6%; n = 6; P = .0003). Treatment-free intervals (TFIs), achieved by AMG 562 withdrawal, were identified as a powerful strategy for counteracting exhaustion. TFIs induced strong functional reinvigoration of T cells (continuous vs TFI-specific lysis on day 14: 34.9% vs 93.4%; n = 6; P < .0001) and transcriptional reprogramming. Furthermore, use of a TFI led to improved T-cell expansion and tumor control in vivo. Our data demonstrate the relevance of T-cell exhaustion in bispecific antibody therapy and highlight that T cells can be functionally and transcriptionally rejuvenated with TFIs. In view of the growing number of bispecific molecules being evaluated in clinical trials, our findings emphasize the need to consider and evaluate TFIs in application schedules to improve clinical outcomes.
Nano-sponge-like liposomes remove cholesterol crystals for antiatherosclerosis
Authors: Fanglin Gong, Zibin Wang, Rui Mo, Yutong Wang, Jin Su, Xianglong Li, Charos Tuychi Qizi Omonova, Amari Mohamed Khamis, Qing Zhang, Mei Dong, Zhigui Su
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2022)
Suitability of haematopoietic cell donors: updated consensus recommendations from the WBMT standing committee on donor issues
Authors: Nina Worel, Mahmoud Aljurf, Chloe Anthias, Andreas S Buser, Meghann Cody, Mirjam Fechter, Sebastian Galeano, Hildegard T Greinix, Annika M Kisch, Mickey B C Koh, Thilo Mengling, Grazia Nicoloso, Dietger Niederwieser, Michael A Pulsipher, Adriana Seber, Bronwen E Shaw, Heather E Stefanski, Galen E Switzer, Jeff Szer, Suzanna M van Walraven, Hung Yang, Jörg P Halter
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2022)
Problems with catch-up HPV vaccination after resumption of proactive recommendations
Authors: Masayuki Sekine, Manako Yamaguchi, Risa Kudo, Sharon J B Hanley, Yutaka Ueda, Megumi Kurosawa, Sosuke Adachi, Etsuko Miyagi, Megumi Hara, Takayuki Enomoto
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2022)
Response assessment in paediatric intracranial ependymoma: recommendations from the Response Assessment in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (RAPNO) working group
Authors: Holly B Lindsay, Maura Massimino, Shivaram Avula, Stavros Stivaros, Richard Grundy, Katie Metrock, Aashim Bhatia, Ana Fernández-Teijeiro, Luisa Chiapparini, Jeffrey Bennett, Karen Wright, Lindsey M Hoffman, Amy Smith, Kristian W Pajtler, Tina Young Poussaint, Katherine E Warren, Nicholas K Foreman, David M Mirsky
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2022)
Packed red blood cell transfusion in preterm infants
Authors: Luise Bellach, Michael Eigenschink, Abtin Hassanein, Danylo Savran, Ulrich Salzer, Ernst W Müllner, Andreas Repa, Katrin Klebermass-Schrehof, Lukas Wisgrill, Vito Giordano, Angelika Berger
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2022)
Terminology for cone dimensions after local conservative treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and early invasive cervical cancer: 2022 consensus recommendations from ESGO, EFC, IFCPC, and ESP
Authors: Maria Kyrgiou, Antonios Athanasiou, Marc Arbyn, Sigurd F Lax, Maria Rosaria Raspollini, Pekka Nieminen, Xavier Carcopino, Jacob Bornstein, Murat Gultekin, Evangelos Paraskevaidis
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2022)
Clinical research in ovarian cancer: consensus recommendations from the Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup
Authors: Ignace Vergote, Antonio Gonzalez-Martin, Domenica Lorusso, Charlie Gourley, Mansoor Raza Mirza, Jean-Emmanuel Kurtz, Aikou Okamoto, Kathleen Moore, Frédéric Kridelka, Iain McNeish, Alexander Reuss, Bénédicte Votan, Andreas du Bois, Sven Mahner, Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Elise C Kohn, Jonathan S Berek, David S P Tan, Nicoletta Colombo, Rongyu Zang, Nicole Concin, Dearbhaile O'Donnell, Alejandro Rauh-Hain, C Simon Herrington, Christian Marth, Andres Poveda, Keiichi Fujiwara, Gavin C E Stuart, Amit M Oza, Michael A Bookman, Sven Mahner, Alexander Reuss, Andreas du Bois, Christoph Grimm, Christian Marth, Regina Berger, Nicole Concin, Ting-Chang Chang, Kazunori Ochiai, Val Gebski, Alison Davis, Philip Beale, Ignace Vergote, Frédéric Kridelka, Hannelore Denys, Vincent Vandecaveye, Francisco Jose Candido dos Reis, Maria Del Pilar Estevez Diz, Gavin Stuart, Helen MacKay, Mark Carey, David Cibula, Pavel Dundr (path), Oliver Dorigo, Jonathan Berek, Dearbhaile O'Donnell, Abu Saadeh, Ingrid Boere, Christianne Lok, Pluvio Coronado, Nelleke Ottevanger, David SP Tan, Joseph Ng, Antonio Gonzalez Martin, Ana Oaknin, Andres Poveda, Alejandro Perez Fidalgo, Alejandro Rauh-Hain, Karen Lu, Carlos López-Zavala, Eva María Gómez-García, Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Xavier Paoletti, Jean-Emmanuel Kurtz, Florence Joly, Bénédicte Votan, Michael Bookman, Kathleen Moore, Rebecca Arend, Keiichi Fujiwara, Hiroyuki Fujiwara, Kosei Hasegawa, Ilan Bruchim, Dalia Tsoref, Katsutoshi Oda, Aikou Okamoto, Takayuki Enomoto, Dayana Michel, Hee-Seung Kim, Jung-Yun Lee, Asima Mukhopadhyay, Dionyssios Katsaros, Nicoletta Colombo, Sandro Pignata, Domenica Lorusso, Giovanni Scambia, Elise Kohn, Jung-Min Lee, Iain McNeish, Shibani Nicum, Laura Farrelly, Jalid Sehouli, Maren Keller, Elena Braicu, Line Bjørge, Mansoor Raza Mirza, Annika Auranen, Stephen Welch, Amit M Oza, Viola Heinzelmann, Charlie Gourley, Patricia Roxburgh, C Simon Herrington, Ros Glasspool, Rongyu Zang, Jianqing Zhu
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2022)
Correction: Context-dependent effects of IL-2 rewire immunity into distinct cellular circuits
Authors: Carly E. Whyte, Kailash Singh, Oliver T. Burton, Meryem Aloulou, Lubna Kouser, Rafael Valente Veiga, Amy Dashwood, Hanneke Okkenhaug, Samira Benadda, Alena Moudra, Orian Bricard, Stephanie Lienart, Pascal Bielefeld, Carlos P. Roca, Francisco José Naranjo-Galindo, Félix Lombard-Vadnais, Steffie Junius, David Bending, Masahiro Ono, Tino Hochepied, Timotheus Y.F. Halim, Susan Schlenner, Sylvie Lesage, James Dooley, Adrian Liston
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2022)
Proton pump inhibitors in systemic sclerosis: a reappraisal to optimise treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Michael Hughes, Yannick Allanore, Murray Baron, Francesco Del Galdo, Christopher P Denton, Tracy Frech, Daniel E Furst, Ilaria Galetti, Lorenzo Dagna, Ariane L Herrick, Masataka Kuwana, Pietro Matucci-Cerinic, Zsuzsanna H McMahan, Charles D Murray, Susanna Proudman, Marco Matucci-Cerinic
Journal: The Lancet Rheumatology (2022)
Effects of Cyproheptadine on Mitral Valve Remodeling and Regurgitation After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ons Marsit, Marie-Annick Clavel, Amélie Paquin, Valérie Deschênes, Sandra Hadjadj, Isabelle Sénéchal-Dumais, Jacques Couet, Marie Arsenault, Mark D. Handschumacher, Robert A. Levine, Elena Aikawa, Philippe Pibarot, Jonathan Beaudoin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Spatially Distinct Genetic Determinants of Aortic Dimensions Influence Risks of Aneurysm and Stenosis
Authors: Mahan Nekoui, James P. Pirruccello, Paolo Di Achille, Seung Hoan Choi, Samuel N. Friedman, Victor Nauffal, Kenney Ng, Puneet Batra, Jennifer E. Ho, Anthony A. Philippakis, Steven A. Lubitz, Mark E. Lindsay, Patrick T. Ellinor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Hemodynamics: Definitions, Outcomes, and Evidence Gaps
Authors: Howard C. Herrmann, Philippe Pibarot, Changfu Wu, Rebecca T. Hahn, Gilbert H.L. Tang, Amr E. Abbas, David Playford, Marc Ruel, Hasan Jilaihawi, Janarthanan Sathananthan, David A. Wood, Ruggero De Paulis, Jeroen J. Bax, Josep Rodes-Cabau, Duke E. Cameron, Tiffany Chen, Pedro J. Del Nido, Marc R. Dweck, Tsuyoshi Kaneko, Azeem Latib, Neil Moat, Thomas Modine, Jeffrey J. Popma, Jamie Raben, Robert L. Smith, Didier Tchetche, Martyn R. Thomas, Flavien Vincent, Ajit Yoganathan, Bram Zuckerman, Michael J. Mack, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Annals Graphic Medicine - Dr. Mom: Rounding in Late June 2022
Authors: Grace E. Farris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Web ExclusivesAugust 2022Annals Graphic Medicine - Dr. Mom: Rounding in Late June 2022FREEGrace E. Farris, MDGrace E. Farris, MDUniversity of Texas, Austin, Texas (G.E.F.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/G22-0034 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Download figure Download PowerPoint Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Texas, Austin, Texas (G.E.F.)Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=G22-0020.Author/Illustrator Information: Grace E. Farris, MD, is an assistant professor of medicine at Dell Medical School at the University of Texas in Austin, Texas. You can view her work at her website: www.farrisgrace.com.About Dr. Mom: In Dr. Mom, physician and cartoonist Grace Farris examines work–life balance while mothering and doctoring. Dr. Mom appears quarterly in Annals Graphic Medicine at Annals.org.This article was published at Annals.org on 26 July 2022. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics August 2022Volume 175, Issue 8Page: W85-W86 ePublished: 26 July 2022 Issue Published: August 2022 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2022 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Ethical Considerations in Precision Medicine and Genetic Testing in Internal Medicine Practice: A Position Paper From the American College of Physicians
Authors: Lisa Soleymani Lehmann, Lois Snyder Sulmasy, Wylie Burke, Isaac O. Opole, Noel N. Deep, George M. Abraham, Joel Burnett, T. Brian Callister, Jan K. Carney, Thomas G. Cooney, Kari L. Esbensen, Joseph J. Fins, Taylor Harp, Amy K. Holbrook, Thomas S. Huddle, Mark A. Levine, Kenneth M. Prager
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

This American College of Physicians position paper aims to inform ethical decision making for the integration of precision medicine and genetic testing into clinical care. Although the positions are primarily intended for practicing physicians, they may apply to other health care professionals and can also inform how health care systems, professional schools, and residency programs integrate genomics into educational and clinical settings. Addressing the challenges of precision medicine and genetic testing will guide ethical and responsible implementation to improve health outcomes.
Associations of Atrial Fibrillation After Noncardiac Surgery With Stroke, Subsequent Arrhythmia, and Death
Authors: Konstantinos C. Siontis, Bernard J. Gersh, Susan A. Weston, Ruoxiang Jiang, Véronique L. Roger, Peter A. Noseworthy, Alanna M. Chamberlain
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Background: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) after noncardiac surgery confers increased risks for ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA). How outcomes for postoperative AF after noncardiac surgery compare with those for AF occurring outside of the operative setting is unknown. Objective: To compare the risks for ischemic stroke or TIA and other outcomes in patients with postoperative AF versus those with incident AF not associated with surgery. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Olmsted County, Minnesota. Participants: Patients with incident AF between 2000 and 2013. Measurements: Patients were categorized as having AF occurring within 30 days of a noncardiac surgery (postoperative AF) or having AF unrelated to surgery (nonoperative AF). Results: Of 4231 patients with incident AF, 550 (13%) had postoperative AF as their first-ever documented AF presentation. Over a mean follow-up of 6.3 years, 486 patients had an ischemic stroke or TIA and 2462 had subsequent AF; a total of 2565 deaths occurred. The risk for stroke or TIA was similar between those with postoperative AF and nonoperative AF (absolute risk difference [ARD] at 5 years, 0.1% [95% CI, −2.9% to 3.1%]; hazard ratio [HR], 1.01 [CI, 0.77 to 1.32]). A lower risk for subsequent AF was seen for patients with postoperative AF (ARD at 5 years, −13.4% [CI, −17.8% to −9.0%]; HR, 0.68 [CI, 0.60 to 0.77]). Finally, no difference was seen for cardiovascular death or all-cause death between patients with postoperative AF and nonoperative AF. Limitation: The population consisted predominantly of White patients; caution should be used when extrapolating the results to more racially diverse populations. Conclusion: Postoperative AF after noncardiac surgery is associated with similar risk for thromboembolism compared with nonoperative AF. Our findings have potentially important implications for the early postsurgical and subsequent management of postoperative AF. Primary Funding Source: National Institute on Aging.
Telehealth Strategies for the Delivery of Maternal Health Care
Authors: Amy G. Cantor, Rebecca M. Jungbauer, Annette M. Totten, Ellen L. Tilden, Rebecca Holmes, Azrah Ahmed, Jesse Wagner, Amy C. Hermesch, Marian S. McDonagh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Background: Telehealth strategies to supplement or replace in-person maternity care may affect maternal health outcomes. Purpose: To conduct a rapid review of the effectiveness and harms of telehealth strategies for maternal health care given the recent expansion of telehealth arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, and to produce an evidence map. Data Sources: Systematic searches of MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus for English-language studies (January 2015 to April 2022). Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of maternal care telehealth strategies versus usual care. Data Extraction: Dual data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment of studies, with disagreements resolved through consensus. Data Synthesis: 28 RCTs and 14 observational studies (n = 44 894) were included. Maternal telehealth interventions supplemented in-person care for most studies of mental health and diabetes during pregnancy, primarily resulting in similar, and sometimes better, clinical and patient-reported outcomes versus usual care. Supplementing in-person mental health care with phone- or web-based platforms or mobile applications resulted in similar or better mental health outcomes versus in-person care. A reduced-visit prenatal care schedule using telehealth to replace in-person general maternity care for low-risk pregnancies resulted in similar clinical outcomes and higher patient satisfaction versus usual care. Overall, telehealth strategies were heterogeneous and resulted in similar obstetric and patient satisfaction outcomes. Few studies addressed disparities, health equity, or harms. Limitations: Interventions varied, and evidence was inadequate for some clinical outcomes. Conclusion: Replacing or supplementing in-person maternal care with telehealth generally results in similar, and sometimes better, clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction compared with in-person care. The effect on access to care, health equity, and harms is unclear. Primary Funding Source: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute. (PROSPERO: CRD42021276347)
A Phase 2 Trial of Enhancing Immune Checkpoint Blockade by Stereotactic Radiation and <i>In Situ</i> Virus Gene Therapy in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Kai Sun, Yitian Xu, Licheng Zhang, Polly Niravath, Jorge Darcourt, Tejal Patel, Bin S. Teh, Andrew M. Farach, Carlo Guerrero, Sunil Mathur, Mark A. Sultenfuss, Nakul Gupta, Mary R. Schwartz, Susan L. Haley, Sindhu Nair, Xiaoxian Li, Thi Truc Anh Nguyen, Joseph D. Butner, Joe Ensor, Jaime A. Mejia, Zhuyong Mei, E. Brian Butler, Shu-hsia Chen, Eric H. Bernicker, Jenny C. Chang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Purpose: A Phase 2 trial of stereotactic radiotherapy and in situ cytotoxic virus therapy in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) followed by pembrolizumab (STOMP) was designed to evaluate dual approach of enhancing single-agent immune checkpoint blockade with adenovirus-mediated expression of herpes-simplex-virus thymidine-kinase (ADV/HSV-tk) plus valacyclovir gene therapy and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in patients with mTNBC. Patients and Methods: In this single-arm, open-label Phase 2 trial, patients with mTNBC were treated with ADV/HSV-tk [5 × 1011 virus particles (vp)] intratumoral injection, followed by SBRT to the injected tumor site, then pembrolizumab (200 mg, every 3 weeks). The primary endpoint was clinical benefit rate [CBR; complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD) ≥ 24 weeks per RECIST version1.1 at non-irradiated site]. Secondary endpoints included duration on treatment (DoT), overall survival (OS), and safety. Exploratory endpoints included immune response to treatment assessed by correlative tissue and blood-based biomarkers. Results: Twenty-eight patients were enrolled and treated. CBR was seen in 6 patients (21.4%), including 2 CR (7.1%), 1 PR (3.6%), and 3 SD (10.7%). Patients with clinical benefit had durable responses, with median DoT of 9.6 months and OS of 14.7 months. The median OS was 6.6 months in the total population. The combination was well tolerated. Correlative studies with Cytometry by Time of Flight (CyTOF) and imaging mass cytometry (IMC) revealed a significant increase of CD8 T cells in responders and of myeloid cells in non-responders. Conclusions: The median OS increased by more than 2-fold in patients with clinical benefit. The therapy is a well-tolerated treatment in heavily pretreated patients with mTNBC. Early detection of increased effector and effector memory CD8 T cells and myeloids correlate with response and non-response, respectively.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of new-onset heart failure: an updated meta-analysis of about 11 million individuals
Authors: Alessandro Mantovani, Graziana Petracca, Alessandro Csermely, Giorgia Beatrice, Stefano Bonapace, Andrea Rossi, Herbert Tilg, Christopher D Byrne, Giovanni Targher
Journal: Gut (2022)

Objective Recent studies reported an association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and increased risk of new-onset heart failure (HF). However, the magnitude of the risk and whether this risk changes with severity of liver disease remains uncertain. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to quantify the magnitude of the association between NAFLD and risk of new-onset HF. Design We systematically searched Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed from database inception to March 2022 to identify eligible observational studies, in which NAFLD was diagnosed by serum biomarkers/scores, International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes, imaging techniques or liver histology. The primary outcome was new-onset HF, as assessed mainly by ICD codes. Data from selected studies were extracted, and meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models to obtain summary hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs. Results We identified 11 longitudinal cohort studies with aggregate data on 11 242 231 middle-aged individuals from different countries and 97 716 cases of incident HF over a median of 10 years. NAFLD was associated with a moderately higher risk of new-onset HF (pooled random-effects hazard ratio 1.50, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.67, p&lt;0.0001; I 2 =94.8%). This risk was independent of age, sex, ethnicity, adiposity measures, diabetes, hypertension and other common cardiovascular risk factors. Sensitivity analyses did not change these results. The funnel plot did not show any significant publication bias. Conclusion NAFLD is associated with a 1.5-fold higher long-term risk of new-onset HF, regardless of the presence of diabetes, hypertension and other common cardiovascular risk factors. However, the observational design of the studies does not allow for proving causality.
A Population-Based Study of the Long-Term Risk of Infections Associated With Hospitalization in Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Leena Chehab, David R. Doody, Adam J. Esbenshade, Gregory M.T. Guilcher, Christopher C. Dvorak, Brian T. Fisher, Beth A. Mueller, Eric J. Chow, Jenna Rossoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

PURPOSE Infections pose a significant risk during therapy for childhood cancer. However, little is known about the risk of infection in long-term survivors of childhood cancer. METHODS We performed a retrospective observational study of children and adolescents born in Washington State diagnosed with cancer before age 20 years and who survived at least 5 years after diagnosis. Survivors were categorized as having a hematologic or nonhematologic malignancy and were matched to individuals without cancer in the state birth records by birth year and sex with a comparator:survivor ratio of 10:1. The primary outcome was incidence of any infection associated with a hospitalization using diagnostic codes from state hospital discharge records. Incidence was reported as a rate (IR) per 1,000 person-years. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) for cancer survivors versus comparators. RESULTS On the basis of 382 infection events among 3,152 survivors and 771 events among 31,519 comparators, the IR of all hospitalized infections starting 5 years after cancer diagnosis was 12.6 (95% CI, 11.4 to 13.9) and 2.4 (95% CI, 2.3 to 2.6), respectively, with an IRR 5.1 (95% CI, 4.5 to 5.8). The survivor IR during the 5- to 10-year (18.1, 95% CI, 15.9 to 20.5) and &gt; 10-year postcancer diagnosis (8.3, 95% CI, 7.0 to 9.7) periods remained greater than comparison group IRs for the same time periods (2.3, 95% CI, 2.1 to 2.6 and 2.5, 95% CI, 2.3 to 2.8, respectively). When potentially vaccine-preventable infections were evaluated, survivors had a greater risk of infection relative to comparators (IRR, 13.1; 95% CI, 7.2 to 23.9). CONCLUSION Infectious complications continue to affect survivors of childhood cancer many years after initial diagnosis. Future studies are needed to better understand immune reconstitution to determine specific factors that may mitigate this risk.