tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Streptococcal Wound Infections Caused by a Vaginal Carrier
Authors: Ruth L. Berkelman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

During a four-month period, ten cases of group A streptococcal (GAS) postoperative wound infection occurred among patients in a community hospital. Bacteremia developed in two patients, and one patient died. Group A streptococcal surgical wound infections were associated with exposure to a circulating nurse and duration of surgery. Prophylactic antibiotics reduced the risk of infection. Vaginal, perineal, and anal cultures from nurse A yielded GAS, serotype M-4, T-4, as did the blood of two infected patients. Penicillin eradicated GAS colonization of nurse A, and she returned to work. Five months later, two additional cases of GAS postoperative wound infections occurred and were associated with recolonization of the same nurse with GAS, serotype M-nontypeable, T-12. She was relieved of patient-care duties, and no further cases have occurred. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:2680-2682)
Adjuvant Effect of Vitamin A Palmitate and Analogs on Cell-Mediated Immunity&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Athanassiades, Thomas J.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Journal Article Adjuvant Effect of Vitamin A Palmitate and Analogs on Cell-Mediated Immunity Get access Thomas J. Athanassiades Thomas J. Athanassiades Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 67, Issue 5, November 1981, Pages 1153–1156, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/67.5.1153 Published: 01 November 1981 Article history Received: 19 March 1981 Accepted: 13 July 1981 Published: 01 November 1981
The American Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Ophthalmology.
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transmission of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 Infection in Minnesota Child Day-care Facilities
Authors: Edward A. Belongia
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —<i>Escherichia coli</i>0157:H7 infection can cause hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Since 1988 the Minnesota Department of Health has carried out surveillance for this infection. To assess the occurrence of person-to-person transmission within day-care facilities, we investigated facilities where an infected child attended after onset of symptoms. <h3>Design.</h3> —Parents of children less than 5 years old with<i>E coli</i>0157:H7 infection were interviewed from July 1988 through December 1989. If the child attended day care after onset, stool cultures were obtained from other children in attendance and their parents were interviewed. If there was presumptive evidence of ongoing<i>E coli</i>0157:H7 transmission in a facility, all preschool children were excluded from attending day-care facilities until two consecutive stool cultures were negative. <h3>Results.</h3> —Sixty-eight cases of<i>E coli</i>0157:H7 infection were identified in Minnesota during the 18-month period, including 29 cases identified through investigations at nine day-care facilities. There was evidence of person-to-person transmission in all nine facilities. The median number of infected children per facility was two (range, two to 18), and the median attack rate was 22% (range, 3% to 38%). The median age of the primary case at each facility was 26 months (range, 12 to 59 months). There was no evidence of further transmission at facilities where children were temporarily excluded until two consecutive stool cultures were negative. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Person-to-person transmission of<i>E coli</i>0157:H7 is common when infected preschool children attend day care while symptomatic. The number of unrecognized day-care outbreaks in the United States may be substantial due to the lack of routine testing for this pathogen in stool cultures, the absence of public health surveillance in many regions, and incomplete follow-up of infected children. Temporary exclusion of all children was an effective control strategy in this population, but additional investigations are needed to determine the optimal intervention. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:883-888)
Balance Between Medical Education and Medical Service in Medical School
Authors: Roger O. Egeberg
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Historically, medical education and medical service have been teammates since before Hippocrates. Recently, however, things seem to have fallen out of balance; service has regrettably become subordinate. I would like to suggest, that if we are to deal squarely with the increased and increasing responsibilities which confront the medical community, two issues are vital: First, we must restore the balance by assuring the exposure of the medical student to service during his own medical education within the framework of the medical schools. Second, and of equal importance, we must involve the medical school more actively in service beyond its walls. Before proceeding any further, let me define what I mean by service. The simplest definition is that service is every activity of a medical school, exclusive of research, not essential to the education of an undergraduate medical student, intern, resident, or fellow. More broadly defined, it is a continuum that
Cloning of murine membrane-type-1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT-1-MMP) and its metanephric developmental regulation with respect to MMP-2 and its inhibitor
Authors: Kosuke Ota, William G. Stetler-Stevenson, Qiwei Yang, Anil Kumar, Jun Wada, Naoki Kashihara, Elisabeth I. Wallner, Yashpal S. Kanwar
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Prevention of type 2 diabetes
Authors: C. Guthrie, B. Swinburn, G. Egger
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<b>Background:</b> Identification of outcome-predictive factors could lower risk of under- or over-treatment in status epilepticus (SE). Older age and acute symptomatic aetiology have been shown to predict mortality, but other variables are controversial and level of consciousness has received relatively little attention. The objective of this study was to assess variables predictive of mortality, particularly those available at presentation. <b>Methods:</b> The discharge database (1997–2004) of two university hospitals was screened for adult patients with EEG confirmed SE, excluding cerebral anoxia. Outcome at discharge (mortality, return to baseline clinical conditions) was analysed in relation to demographics, clinical features, and aetiology. Aetiologies were also classified based on whether or not they were potentially fatal independently of SE. <b>Results:</b> Mortality was 15.6% among 96 patients with a first SE episode, 10 of whom also experienced recurrent SE during the study period. Eleven other patients had only recurrent SE. Mortality was 4.8% among these 21 patients with recurrent SE. Return to baseline condition was more frequent after recurrent than incident SE (p = 0.02). For the first SE episode, death was associated with potentially fatal aetiology (p = 0.01), age ⩾65 (p = 0.02), and stupor or coma at presentation (p = 0.04), but not with gender, history of epilepsy, SE type, or time to treatment ⩾1 h. <b>Conclusions:</b> At initial evaluation, older age and marked impairment of consciousness are predictive of death. Surviving a first SE episode could lower the mortality and morbidity of subsequent episodes, suggesting that underlying aetiology, rather than SE per se, is the major determinant of outcome.
Electromagnetic fields and public health.
Authors: T E Aldrich, C E Easterly
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

A review of the literature is provided for the topic of health-related research and power frequency electromagnetic fields. Minimal evidence for concern is present on the basis of animal and plant research. General observation would accord with the implication that there is no single and manifest health effect as the result of exposure to these fields. There are persistent indications, however, that these fields have biologic activity, and consequently, there may be a deleterious component to their action, possibly in the presence of other factors. Power frequency electromagnetic field exposures are essentially ubiquitous in modern society, and their implications in the larger perspective of public health are unclear at this time. Electromagnetic fields represent a methodological obstacle for epidemiologic studies and a quandary for risk assessment; there is need for more data.
Epidemiology of Oral and Pharyngeal Cancers in the United States: Review of Recent Literature&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Recent literature on morbidity and mortality patterns, known risk factors, and related soclobehavloral characteristics of oral cancer have been examined. Despite variation in populations and methodologies, alcohol and tobacco were seen as the major independent etiologic agents; these effects were associated with age, sex, and religion-ethnicity. Other factors were suggested, but their correlation was le88 consistent: geographic location, race, socioeconomic status, nutrition, dental conditions, and concurrent diseases. Social and behavioral components may alter risk, stage of disease at diagnosis, treatment, or survival from oral cancer. The impact of soclobehavloral elements on the reduction of the incidence of and the mortality from the disease is an important area needing further investigation.
Diseases of the Blood and Atlas of Hematology with Clinical and Hematologic Descriptions of the Blood Diseases Including a Section on Technic and Terminology
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Reference Handbook for Nurses.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Influence of Cause-of-Death Assignment on Time-to-Tumor Analyses in Animal Carcinogenesis Studies&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Kodell, Ralph L., Farmer, John H., Gaylor, David W., Cameron, Alexander M.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Journal Article Influence of Cause-of-Death Assignment on Time-to-Tumor Analyses in Animal Carcinogenesis Studies Get access Ralph L. Kodell, Ralph L. Kodell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John H. Farmer, John H. Farmer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David W. Gaylor, David W. Gaylor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alexander M. Cameron Alexander M. Cameron Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 69, Issue 3, September 1982, Pages 659–664, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/69.3.659 Published: 01 September 1982 Article history Received: 17 November 1981 Accepted: 09 April 1982 Published: 01 September 1982
Cytotoxicity of Adriamycin Combined With Methotrexate Against L1210 Leukemia in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Frederick Valeriote, Teresa Vietti, Dean Coulter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

The combination of adriamycin and methotrexate was found in mice to be synergistic in cytotoxicity to L1210 leukemia cells for a range of time intervals between the two agents. Cytotoxicity for normal hematopoietic stem cells was less than additive. Spleen colony assays were used to quantitate both cell populations. Increase in life-span assays yielded similar results. Also, the extent of synergy was dependent on the dose of adriamycin only.
Toxic Shock Syndrome and the Vaginal Contraceptive Sponge
Authors: Gerald Faich
Journal: JAMA (1986)

4 reported cases of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) occurred in late 1983 among users of the vaginal contraceptive sponge (VCS). All patients manifested fever, hypotension, diffuse rash, desquamation, nausea, vomiting, myalgias, mucous membrane hyperemia, and vaginal discharge. All were hospitalized, treated with intravenous fluids and antimicrobial agents, and recovered. Vaginal cultures in each case were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. The VCS is made of polyurethane impregnated with the spermicide nonoxynol-9 and is intended to provide 24 hours of contraception. During clinical trials the average woman using only this method of contraception used 10 sponges/month. Package labels state that if symptoms compatible with TSS develop users should seek medical care. Women who use the VCS should read the package insert carefully and follow the manufacturer's directions. Women who have had TSS should consult a physician before using a VCS and so should postpartum women. If it is assumed that the 4 cases reported were attributable to a VCS, a minimum estimate of the incidence of nonmenstrual TSS associated with VCS use would be 10/year/100,000 women who use only VCS compared to 5-10/year/100,000 who use tampons. The use of contraceptive methods other than the VCS may also affect the risk of developing TSS; cases of nonemnstrual TSS among diaphragm users have been reported. Conversely the use of oral contraceptives may reduce the risk of developing menstrual TSS.
Effect of 5-Fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine on Deoxyribonucleotide Pools In Vivo&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Ritter, Edmond J., Scott, William J., Wilson, James G., Lampkin, Beatrice C., Neely, John E.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Journal Article Effect of 5-Fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine on Deoxyribonucleotide Pools In Vivo Get access Edmond J. Ritter, Edmond J. Ritter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William J. Scott, William J. Scott Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James G. Wilson, James G. Wilson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Beatrice C. Lampkin, Beatrice C. Lampkin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John E. Neely John E. Neely Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 65, Issue 3, September 1980, Pages 603–605, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/65.3.603 Published: 01 September 1980 Article history Received: 09 November 1979 Accepted: 23 April 1980 Published: 01 September 1980
Studies on the Epidemiology of Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Robert Thoburn
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Seven patients with allergic reactions to cephalothin were studied. Four of these occurred in 51 consecutive patients receiving cephalothin. The majority of the patients with cephalothin reactions had a previous history of penicillin allergy and were found to have positive skin tests with penicilloyl-polylysine (PPL). Allergic reactions to cephalothin occurred at a higher rate in Negro women than in Negro men or white persons. A history of atopic disease was more common in patients with allergic reactions to cephalothin than in persons given cephalothin without reactions. Cephalothin must be used with caution in the treatment of patients with a history of allergic reactions to penicillin or with positive skin tests to PPL, and cannot be considered as a uniformly safe substitute for penicillin in such patients.
Systemic involvement in scleredema of Buschke associated with IgG-kappa paraproteinaemia
Authors: T. BASARAB, N.P. BURROWS, S.E MUNN, R.RUSSELL JONES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Scleredema is a rare primary cutaneous mucinosis. Systemic involvement is uncommon and histological confirmation is often lacking. We report a case of a 60-year-old man with scleredema and evidence of mucin deposition on biopsies from multiple extracutaneous sites. The bone marrow, nerve, hepatic and salivary gland involvement seen on histology in our patient has not, to our knowledge, been previously reported in this condition.
Polymorphism of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase genes and alcoholic cirrhosis in chinese patients
Authors: You-Chen Chao, Shian-Ren Liou, Ying-Ying Chung, Hung-Shang Tang, Chung-Te Hsu, Ting-Kai Li, Shih-Jiun Yin
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), the principal enzymes responsible for the oxidation of ethanol, are polymorphic at the ADH 2, ADH3 and ALDH 2 loci in human beings. Our previous studies have shown that, compared with nonalcoholic individuals, Chinese alcoholic patients without liver disease had significantly lower frequencies of the ADH 2*2 and ADH 3*1 alleles, which encode high maximum velocity β 2 - and γ 1 -ADH subunits, respectively, as well as a lower frequency of the ALDH 2*2 allele, which encodes an enzymatically inactive subunit. The data strongly suggest that genetic variation in both ADH and ALDH may influence drinking behavior and the risk of alcoholism developing through acetaldehyde formation. To further investigate the possible role of acetaldehyde in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease, we determined the ADH and ALDH genotype frequencies in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis (n = 27), viral hepatitis-related cirrhosis (n = 29) and gastric and duodenal ulcer without relevance to alcohol (n = 30). We developed a new restriction fragment length polymorphism method to genotype the mutant and normal ALDH 2 alleles by using polymerase chain reaction-directed mutagenesis, which proved to be simpler and faster than the conventional detection methods that use hybridization with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. We found that the frequencies of the alleles ADH 2*2 (57), ADH 3*1 (78) and ALDH 2*2 (9) in the alcoholic cirrhotic patients were significantly lower than those in the healthy controls and in the patients with cirrhosis from viral hepatitis and with gastric and duodenal ulcer. No significant differences in the allele frequencies of these three genes between the alcoholic cirrhotic patients and the alcohol-dependent subjects without severe liver injury were found, although the alcoholic cirrhosis group tended to have a higher incidence of ALDH 2*1/*2 heterozygotes (5 of 27) than did the alcohol-dependent group (6 of 50). The results confirm previous studies that the ADH 2*2, ADH 3*1 and ALDH 2*2 genes can affect predisposition to alcoholism in Chinese patients and suggest that the mutant ALDH 2*2 gene may influence susceptibility to alcoholic cirrhosis. (Hepatology 1994;19:360-366).
Human Tissue Burdens of Halogenated Aromatic Chemicals in Michigan
Authors: Mary S. Wolff
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A cross section of the population of Michigan was studied in 1978 to evaluate residual burdens of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), a flame-retardant chemical that had contaminated the state's food supply five years earlier. Levels of PBB were measured in serum specimens in 1,681 people and in adipose samples in 844. Ninety-seven percent of the adipose samples had detectable PBB concentrations. Levels of PBB were highest in that part of the state where meat and dairy products had been most contaminated and were lowest in the upper peninsula, farthest from the source. Levels for the rest of the state were in between. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and 2,2′-<i>bis</i>-(<i>p</i>-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (<i>p,p′</i>-DDE), a dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) residue, were also measured, and variations of PBB, PCB, and<i>p,p′</i>-DDE levels with age and sex were investigated. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:2112-2116)
Organophosphorus poisoning.
Journal: BMJ (1991)

methanesulphonate (P2S)) in a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight intravenously every four to six hours until full recovery.Although the importance of supportive measures and atropine cannot be underestimated, adults severely poisoned with organophosphorus com- pounds are likely to need 8-12 g pralidoxime daily for as long as the features of poisoning are present.So called "treatment failures" and "clinical re- lapses" after initial treatment with pralidoxime may well be due to inadequate oxime regimens, such as that proposed by Dr Hodgetts of only 2 g pralidoxime daily.Sustained therapeutic oxime concentrations could never be achieved in an adult by such a dosage regimen.In contrast, Dr Hodgetts advocates that very large doses ofatropine (2-4 mg every five to 10 minutes) should be given.Even in severe cases such high doses are likely to be required for only a short period if the patient is receiving adequate supportive care and effective oxime therapy.The contents of this lettcr represent the authors' views alone and in no wax commit the Department of Health.