tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Absence of long-term structural and functional cardiac abnormalities on multimodality imaging in a multi-ethnic group of COVID-19 survivors from the early stage of the pandemic
Authors: Lorenzo R Sewanan, Marco R Di Tullio, Andrew F Laine, Belinda D’Souza, Jay Leb, Alexander Mironov, Ahsan Khan, Dylan E Stanger, Elisa E Konofagou, Rochelle L Goldsmith, Sachin R Jambawalikar, Cole B Hirschfeld, Michelle Castillo, Kathleen J Durkin, Stephen Dashnaw, J Thomas Vaughan, Andrew J Einstein
Journal:  (2023)

Abstract Aims Many patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), particularly from the pandemic’s early phase, have been reported to have evidence of cardiac injury such as cardiac symptoms, troponinaemia, or imaging or ECG abnormalities during their acute course. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) have been widely used to assess cardiac function and structure and characterize myocardial tissue during COVID-19 with report of numerous abnormalities. Overall, findings have varied, and long-term impact of COVID-19 on the heart needs further elucidation. Methods and results We performed TTE and 3 T CMR in survivors of the initial stage of the pandemic without pre-existing cardiac disease and matched controls at long-term follow-up a median of 308 days after initial infection. Study population consisted of 40 COVID-19 survivors (50% female, 28% Black, and 48% Hispanic) and 12 controls of similar age, sex, and race-ethnicity distribution; 35% had been hospitalized with 28% intubated. We found no difference in echocardiographic characteristics including measures of left and right ventricular structure and systolic function, valvular abnormalities, or diastolic function. Using CMR, we also found no differences in measures of left and right ventricular structure and function and additionally found no significant differences in parameters of tissue structure including T1, T2, extracellular volume mapping, and late gadolinium enhancement. With analysis stratified by patient hospitalization status as an indicator of COVID-19 severity, no differences were uncovered. Conclusion Multimodal imaging of a diverse cohort of COVID-19 survivors indicated no long-lasting damage or inflammation of the myocardium.
Epidemiology and determinants of reemerging bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and emerging STIs in Europe
Authors: Oriol Mitjà, Valeska Padovese, Cinta Folch, Isotta Rossoni, Michael Marks, Miquel Angel Rodríguez i Arias, Amalio Telenti, Angela Ciuffi, Karel Blondeel, Otilia Mårdh, Jordi Casabona
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2023)

In this scoping review, we offer a comprehensive understanding of the current and recent epidemiology, challenges, and emerging issues related to bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the WHO European Region. We endeavour in collating data from both EU/EEA and non- EU/EEA countries, thereby giving a complete picture of the region which highlights the higher notification rates in Northern and Western countries than other regions, likely due to differences in testing, access to testing, and surveillance capacity. We provide an up-to-date review on the current knowledge of determinants and persistent inequities in key populations as well as the use of molecular epidemiology for identifying transmission networks in gonorrhoea and syphilis, and detecting chlamydia mutations that evade molecular diagnosis. Finally, we explore the emerging STIs in the region and the evolving transmission routes of food and waterborne diseases into sexual transmission. Our findings call for harmonized STI surveillance systems, proactive strategies, and policies to address social factors, and staying vigilant for emerging STIs.
Self‐Doping and Self‐Acid‐Doping of Conjugated Polymer Bioelectronics: The Case for Accuracy in Nomenclature
Authors: Kristina Fidanovski, Modi Gu, Lorenzo Travaglini, Antonio Lauto, Damia Mawad
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Conjugated polymers are enabling the development of flexible bioelectronics, largely driven by their organic nature which facilitates modification and tuning to suit a variety of applications. As organic semiconductors, conjugated polymers require a dopant to exhibit electrical conductivity, which in physiological conditions can result in dopant loss and thereby deterioration in electronic properties. To overcome this challenge, "self-doped" and self-acid-doped conjugated polymers having ionized pendant groups covalently bound to their backbone are being developed. The ionized group in a "self-doped" polymer behaves as the counterion that maintains electroneutrality, while an external dopant is required to induce charge transfer. The ionized group in a self-acid-doped polymer induces charge transfer and behaves as the counterion balancing the charges. Despite their doping processes being different, the two terms, self-doped and self-acid-doped, are often used interchangeably in the literature. Here, the differences are highlighted in the doping mechanisms of self-doped and self-acid-doped polymers, and it is proposed that the term "self-doped" should be replaced by "self-compensated," while reserving the term self-acid-doped for polymers that are intrinsically doped without the need of an external dopant. This is followed by a summary of examples of self-acid-doping in bioelectronics, highlighting their stability in the conductive state under physiological conditions.
Treatment of bacterial sexually transmitted infections in Europe: gonorrhoea, Mycoplasma genitalium, and syphilis
Authors: Oriol Mitjà, Clara Suñer, Lorenzo Giacani, Martí Vall-Mayans, George-Sorin Tiplica, Jonathan D.C. Ross, Catriona S. Bradshaw
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2023)

This review explores the therapeutic challenges of sexually transmitted infections (STI) in Europe, which include increasing antimicrobial resistance and limited progress in drug discovery. We primarily focus on gonorrhoea,
Interferon-gamma signs off an old heart
Authors: Daniel Harding, Federica Marelli-Berg
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2023)

Journal Article Corrected proof Interferon-gamma signs off an old heart Get access Daniel Harding, Daniel Harding Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Federica Marelli-Berg Federica Marelli-Berg Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK Corresponding author. Tel: +44 20 3831704; fax: +44 20 3832788, E-mail: f.marelli-berg@qmul.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8747-5823 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, cvad151, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvad151 Published: 26 October 2023 Article history Corrected and typeset: 26 October 2023 Published: 26 October 2023
Advances in the management of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Eric F Morand, Ruth Fernandez-Ruiz, Ashira Blazer, Timothy B Niewold
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe multisystem autoimmune disease that can cause injury in almost every body system. While considered a classic example of autoimmunity, it is still relatively poorly understood. Treatment with immunosuppressive agents is challenging, as many agents are relatively non-specific, and the underlying disease is characterized by unpredictable flares and remissions. This State of The Art Review provides a comprehensive current summary of systemic lupus erythematosus based on recent literature. In basic and translational science, this summary includes the current state of genetics, epigenetics, differences by ancestry, and updates about the molecular and immunological pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. In clinical science, the summary includes updates in diagnosis and classification, clinical features and subphenotypes, and current guidelines and strategies for treatment. The paper also provides a comprehensive review of the large number of recent clinical trials in systemic lupus erythematosus. Current knowns and unknowns are presented, and potential directions for the future are suggested. Improved knowledge of immunological pathogenesis and the molecular differences that exist between patients should help to personalize treatment, minimize side effects, and achieve better outcomes in this difficult disease.
Vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation estimated using a test-negative case-control study design, and comparative odds of hospital admission and severe outcomes with COVID-19 sub-lineages BQ.1, CH.1.1. and XBB.1.5 in England
Authors: Freja Cordelia Møller Kirsebom, Katie Harman, Rachel Jayne Lunt, Nick Andrews, Natalie Groves, Nurin Abdul Aziz, Russell Hope, Julia Stowe, Meera Chand, Mary Ramsay, Gavin Dabrera, Meaghan Kall, Jamie Lopez Bernal
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2023)

Since the first emergence of Omicron BA.1 in England in November 2021, numerous sub-lineages have evolved. In September 2022, BA.5 dominated. The prevalence of BQ.1 increased from October, while the prevalence of CH.1.1 and XBB.1.5 increased from December 2022 and January 2023, respectively. Little is known about the effectiveness of the vaccines against hospitalisation with these sub-lineages, nor the relative severity, so we here used national-level electronic health records from England to estimate vaccine effectiveness and variant severity.
Solitary Prostate Carcinoma Penile Metastasis on 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT
Authors: Jeffrey Chen, Andrew Russon, Victor Mansberg, Robert Mansberg
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract An 83-year-old man was referred for an 18 F-DCFPyL PET scan for the evaluation of rising serum prostate-specific antigen level on the background of previous radical prostatectomy for prostate adenocarcinoma and urinary outflow tract obstruction requiring in-dwelling catheter insertion. The PET scan demonstrated focal increased activity (SUV max , 35.7) at the dorsal aspect of the mid penile shaft, with histopathological confirmation of penile metastasis from primary prostate cancer.
Multiple Intrahepatic Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor on 68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Tianyue Li, Ziliang Liu, Zhaoqi Zhang, Jingmian Zhang, Xinming Zhao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

A 31-year-old man with multiple intrahepatic inflammatory myofibroblastoma tumor was referred to nuclear medicine department to assess its malignant potential. Multiple lesions in the liver exhibited 68 Ga-FAPI uptake at different degrees. Instead, there was no abnormal 18 F-FDG activity in the other hepatic lesions under the normal liver background except for the puncture site. This case reflects tumor heterogeneity of the disease and shows the potential value of 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT for the evaluation of hepatic inflammatory myofibroblastoma tumor.
Synchronous Endometrial Cancer Detected on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT
Authors: Payam Mohammadinejad, Alex Kim, Victoria Koshevarova, Micah Murphy, FNU Shagun, Peeyush Bhargava
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract A 50-year-old woman with history of metastatic neuroendocrine tumor underwent a follow-up PET/CT with 68 Ga-DOTATATE. An enlarged uterus with diffuse increased uptake warranted further investigation with an MRI that showed mass-like thickening of the endometrium, T2 hyperintensity, lobulated contour, and invasion of more than 50% of the myometrium. Biopsy revealed endometrial carcinoma with mucinous features. Mild to moderate uptake of the 68 Ga-DOTATATE by the uterus can be a normal physiological finding; however, it should prompt further investigation, particularly in a postmenopausal woman with concerning imaging or clinical findings.
Rare variants with large effects provide functional insights into the pathology of migraine subtypes, with and without aura
Authors: Gyda Bjornsdottir, Mona A. Chalmer, Lilja Stefansdottir, Astros Th. Skuladottir, Gudmundur Einarsson, Margret Andresdottir, Doruk Beyter, Egil Ferkingstad, Solveig Gretarsdottir, Bjarni V. Halldorsson, Gisli H. Halldorsson, Anna Helgadottir, Hannes Helgason, Grimur Hjorleifsson Eldjarn, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Kirk U. Knowlton, Lincoln D. Nadauld, Sigrun H. Lund, Olafur Th. Magnusson, Pall Melsted, Kristjan H. S. Moore, Asmundur Oddsson, Pall I. Olason, Asgeir Sigurdsson, Olafur A. Stefansson, Jona Saemundsdottir, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Vinicius Tragante, Unnur Unnsteinsdottir, G. Bragi Walters, Florian Zink, Linn Rødevand, Ole A. Andreassen, Jannicke Igland, Rolv T. Lie, Jan Haavik, Karina Banasik, Søren Brunak, Maria Didriksen, Mie T. Bruun, Christian Erikstrup, Lisette J. A. Kogelman, Kaspar R. Nielsen, Erik Sørensen, Ole B. Pedersen, Henrik Ullum, Jakob Bay, Jens K. Boldsen, Thorsten Brodersen, Kristoffer Burgdorf, Khoa M. Dinh, Joseph Dowsett, Bjarke Feenstra, Frank Geller, Lotte Hindhede, Henrik Hjalgrim, Rikke L. Jacobsen, Gregor Jemec, Katrine Kaspersen, Bertram D. Kjerulf, Margit A. H. Larsen, Ioannis Louloudis, Agnete Lundgaard, Susan Mikkelsen, Christina Mikkelsen, Ioanna Nissen, Mette Nyegaard, Alexander P. Henriksen, Palle D. Rohde, Klaus Rostgaard, Michael Swinn, Lise W. Thørner, Mie T. Bruun, Thomas Werge, David Westergaard, Gisli Masson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Jes Olesen, Petur Ludvigsson, Olafur Thorarensen, Anna Bjornsdottir, Gudrun R. Sigurdardottir, Olafur A. Sveinsson, Sisse R. Ostrowski, Hilma Holm, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Patrick Sulem, Hreinn Stefansson, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, Thomas F. Hansen, Kari Stefansson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2023)

Abstract Migraine is a complex neurovascular disease with a range of severity and symptoms, yet mostly studied as one phenotype in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Here we combine large GWAS datasets from six European populations to study the main migraine subtypes, migraine with aura (MA) and migraine without aura (MO). We identified four new MA-associated variants (in PRRT2 , PALMD , ABO and LRRK2 ) and classified 13 MO-associated variants. Rare variants with large effects highlight three genes. A rare frameshift variant in brain-expressed PRRT2 confers large risk of MA and epilepsy, but not MO. A burden test of rare loss-of-function variants in SCN11A , encoding a neuron-expressed sodium channel with a key role in pain sensation, shows strong protection against migraine. Finally, a rare variant with cis -regulatory effects on KCNK5 confers large protection against migraine and brain aneurysms. Our findings offer new insights with therapeutic potential into the complex biology of migraine and its subtypes.
TET2 modulates spatial relocalization of heterochromatin in aged hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Tingting Hong, Jia Li, Lei Guo, Maryn Cavalier, Tianlu Wang, Yaling Dou, Aaron DeLaFuente, Shaohai Fang, Anna Guzman, Katherina Wohlan, Chiraag Kapadia, Carina Rosas, Yaling Yang, C. Cameron Yin, Shaoying Li, M. James You, Xiaodong Cheng, Margaret A. Goodell, Yubin Zhou, Yun Huang
Journal: Nature Aging (2023)
Simultaneous Uptake of 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG by Bladder and Prostate Calculi
Authors: Mia Mijung Park, Peter Sang Uk Park, Thomas J. Werner, Poul F. Høilund-Carlsen, Abass Alavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Calcification and formation of calculi in the genitourinary system such as the bladder, kidney, and prostate are common processes of aging. Despite being in different parts of the body, these calculi can share risk factors; for instance, bladder and prostate calculi are seen in older men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. There have been increasing reports of detection of calculi using PET tracers such as 18 F-NaF and 18 F-FDG, suggesting their role for detection of extraosseous calcification. In this report, we present simultaneous detection of bladder and prostate calculi with both 18 F-NaF and 18 F-FDG avidity in a 74-year-old man with multiple myeloma.
Evidence for a role of Anopheles stephensi in the spread of drug- and diagnosis-resistant malaria in Africa
Authors: Tadele Emiru, Dejene Getachew, Maxwell Murphy, Luigi Sedda, Legesse Alamerie Ejigu, Mikiyas Gebremichael Bulto, Isabel Byrne, Mulugeta Demisse, Melat Abdo, Wakweya Chali, Aaron Elliott, Eric Neubauer Vickers, Andrés Aranda-Díaz, Lina Alemayehu, Sinknesh W. Behaksera, Gutema Jebessa, Hunduma Dinka, Tizita Tsegaye, Hiwot Teka, Sheleme Chibsa, Peter Mumba, Samuel Girma, Jimee Hwang, Melissa Yoshimizu, Alice Sutcliffe, Hiwot Solomon Taffese, Gudissa Aseffa Bayissa, Sarah Zohdy, Jon Eric Tongren, Chris Drakeley, Bryan Greenhouse, Teun Bousema, Fitsum G. Tadesse
Journal: Nature Medicine (2023)

Anopheles stephensi, an Asian malaria vector, continues to expand across Africa. The vector is now firmly established in urban settings in the Horn of Africa. Its presence in areas where malaria resurged suggested a possible role in causing malaria outbreaks. Here, using a prospective case-control design, we investigated the role of An. stephensi in transmission following a malaria outbreak in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia in April-July 2022. Screening contacts of patients with malaria and febrile controls revealed spatial clustering of Plasmodium falciparum infections around patients with malaria in strong association with the presence of An. stephensi in the household vicinity. Plasmodium sporozoites were detected in these mosquitoes. This outbreak involved clonal propagation of parasites with molecular signatures of artemisinin and diagnostic resistance. To our knowledge, this study provides the strongest evidence so far for a role of An. stephensi in driving an urban malaria outbreak in Africa, highlighting the major public health threat posed by this fast-spreading mosquito.
Tyrosine catabolism enhances genotoxic chemotherapy by suppressing translesion DNA synthesis in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Jie Li, Cuimiao Zheng, Qiuwen Mai, Xi Huang, Wenfeng Pan, Jingyi Lu, Zhengfan Chen, Suman Zhang, Chunyu Zhang, Hua Huang, Yangyang Chen, Hongbo Guo, Zhenyin Wu, Chunnuan Deng, Yiting Jiang, Bo Li, Junxiu Liu, Shuzhong Yao, Chaoyun Pan
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2023)
Detection of Barrett’s dysplasia using forceps biopsies vs. wide-area transepithelial sampling
Authors: Falak Hamo, Salih Samo
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

See also: Wide-area transepithelial sampling with computer-assisted analysis to detect high grade dysplasia and cancer in Barrett's esophagus: a multicenter randomized study Endoscopy 2023; 55(04): 303-310DOI: 10.1055/a-1949-9542 See also: Reply to Drs. Hamo and SamoEndoscopy 2023; 55(11): 1056-1056DOI: 10.1055/a-2106-7613
Re: A novel salvage method to recapture the maldeployed distal flange of a lumen-apposing metal stent
Authors: Karl Kwok, Eric Kwong, Kenneth Binmoeller
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

See also: A novel salvage method to recapture the maldeployed distal flange of a lumen-apposing metal stentEndoscopy 2023; 55(S 01): E438-E439DOI: 10.1055/a-2011-5734
Tumor sequencing of African ancestry reveals differences in clinically relevant alterations across common cancers
Authors: Evelyn Jiagge, Dexter X Jin, Justin Y Newberg, Tomin Perea-Chamblee, Kelly R Pekala, Christopher Fong, Michele Waters, David Ma, Yvonne Dei-Adomakoh, Gilles Erb, Kanika S Arora, Sophia L Maund, Njoki Njiraini, Atara Ntekim, Susie Kim, Xuechun Bai, Marlene Thomas, Ronwyn van Eeden, Priti Hegde, Justin Jee, Debyani Chakravarty, Nikolaus Schultz, Michael F Berger, Garrett M Frampton, Ethan S Sokol, Jian Carrot-Zhang
Journal: Cancer Cell (2023)

Cancer genomes from patients with African (AFR) ancestry have been poorly studied in clinical research. We leverage two large genomic cohorts to investigate the relationship between genomic alterations and AFR ancestry in six common cancers. Cross-cancer type associations, such as an enrichment of MYC amplification with AFR ancestry in lung, breast, and prostate cancers, and depletion of BRAF alterations are observed in colorectal and pancreatic cancers. There are differences in actionable alterations, such as depletion of KRAS G12C and EGFR L858R, and enrichment of ROS1 fusion with AFR ancestry in lung cancers. Interestingly, in lung cancer, KRAS mutations are less common in both smokers and non-smokers with AFR ancestry, whereas the association of TP53 mutations with AFR ancestry is only seen in smokers, suggesting an ancestry-environment interaction that modifies driver rates. Our study highlights the need to increase representation of patients with AFR ancestry in drug development and biomarker discovery.
Vocal cord paralysis as a rare complication of bronchoscopic lung volume reduction: a case series of five patients
Authors: Jonathan Benzaquen, Karin Klooster, Felix J.F. Herth, Julia Rubenstein, Charles Hugo Marquette, Dirk-Jan Slebos, Jacques Boutros
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2023)

Lung volume reduction is now standard of care for symptomatic hyperinflated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema whenever significant breathlessness persists despite maximal bronchodilation and pulmonary rehabilitation [1]. Since treatment options are limited in this context, removal of the most emphysematous parts of the lungs was initially validated surgically. Nonetheless, the benefits of surgical resection are tempered by significant morbidity [2]. Therefore, several endoscopic techniques were developed for lung-volume reduction using minimally invasive bronchoscopic approaches, such as the endobronchial valves that reduce the airflow to the most damaged lobes, endobronchial coils that mechanically reduce the lobe volume, and other techniques such as vapor-ablation or polymer foam. Most randomized controlled trials have studied endobronchial valves and coils [3–6] showing improvement in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), in the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance, and quality of life. Endobronchial valve therapy is now the most used technique worldwide with more than 25 000 patients treated globally (number provide by manufacturer). The most common complication of these procedures remains, by far, pneumothorax (up to 25% of the procedures in the IMPACT trial). Other more rare complications include pneumonia, COPD exacerbation, respiratory failure, valve migration, and hemoptysis [7]. Footnotes This manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the European Respiratory Journal . It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJ online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article. Conflict of interest: KK reports lecture honoraria from PulmonX and Chiesi; outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: FJH reports advisory board participation with and lecture fees from PulmonX, Uptake Medical and Olympus Medical; outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: DJS is an advisor and principal investigator for PulmonX Corp., Redwood City, CA, USA. Conflict of interest: All other authors have nothing to disclose.