tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Are we all implicit puritans? New evidence that work and sex are intuitively moralized in both traditional and non-traditional cultures
Authors: Warren Tierney, Wilson Cyrus-Lai, Eric Luis Uhlmann
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Contradicting our earlier claims of American moral exceptionalism, recent self-replication evidence from our laboratory indicates that implicit puritanism characterizes the judgments of people across cultures. Implicit cultural evolution may lag behind explicit change, such that differences between traditional and non-traditional cultures are greater at a deliberative than an intuitive level. Not too deep down, perhaps we are all implicit puritans.
A broader theory of cooperation can better explain “purity”
Authors: Oliver Scott Curry, Daniel Sznycer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract Self-control provides one cooperative explanation for “purity.” Other types of cooperation provide additional explanations. For example, individuals compete for status by displaying high-value social and sexual traits, which are moralised because they reduce the mutual costs of conflict. As this theory predicts, sexually unattractive traits are perceived as morally bad, aside from self-control. Moral psychology will advance more quickly by drawing on all theories of cooperation.
Blood Pressure and Oxygen Targets on Kidney Injury After Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Sebastian Buhl Rasmussen, Karoline Korsholm Jeppesen, Jesper Kjaergaard, Christian Hassager, Henrik Schmidt, Simon Mølstrøm, Rasmus Paulin Beske, Johannes Grand, Hanne Berg Ravn, Matilde Winther-Jensen, Martin Abild Stengaard Meyer, Jacob Eifer Møller
Journal: Circulation (2023)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a common and serious complication to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The importance of post-resuscitation care targets for blood pressure and oxygenation for the development of AKI is unknown.
Purity is still a problem
Authors: Nicholas DiMaggio, Kurt Gray, Frank Kachanoff
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract Our recent review demonstrates that “purity” is a messy construct with at least nine popular scientific understandings. Cultural beliefs about self-control help unify some of these understandings, but much messiness remains. The harm-centric theory of dyadic morality suggests that purity violations can be comprehensively understood as abstract harms , acts perceived by some people (and not others) to indirectly cause suffering.
Safety and Efficacy of NY-ESO-1 Antigen-Specific T-Cell Receptor Gene-Transduced T Lymphocytes in Patients with Synovial Sarcoma: A Phase I/II Clinical Trial
Authors: Akira Kawai, Mikiya Ishihara, Tomoki Nakamura, Shigehisa Kitano, Shintaro Iwata, Kohichi Takada, Makoto Emori, Koji Kato, Makoto Endo, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Shigeki Kakunaga, Eiichi Sato, Yoshihiro Miyahara, Kunihiko Morino, Shinya Tanaka, Shuichi Takahashi, Fujio Matsuo, Akihiko Matsumine, Shinichi Kageyama, Takafumi Ueda
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

Abstract Purpose: To determine, for patients with advanced or recurrent synovial sarcoma (SS) not suitable for surgical resection and resistant to anthracycline, the safety and efficacy of the infusion of autologous T lymphocytes expressing NY-ESO-1 antigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) gene and siRNA to inhibit the expression of endogenous TCR (product code: TBI-1301). Patients and Methods: Eligible Japanese patients (HLA-A*02:01 or *02:06, NY-ESO-1-positive tumor expression) received cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2 on days −3 and −2 (induction period) followed by a single dose of 5×109 (±30%) TBI-1301 cells as a divided infusion on days 0 and 1 (treatment period). Primary endpoints were safety-related (phase I) and efficacy-related [objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST v1.1/immune-related RECIST (irRECIST); phase II]. Safety- and efficacy-related secondary endpoints were considered in both phase I/II parts. Results: For the full analysis set (N = 8; phase I, n = 3; phase II, n = 5), the ORR was 50.0% (95% confidence interval, 15.7–84.3) with best overall partial response in four of eight patients according to RECIST v1.1/irRECIST. All patients experienced adverse events and seven of eight patients (87.5%) had adverse drug reactions, but no deaths were attributed to adverse events. Cytokine release syndrome occurred in four of eight patients (50.0%), but all cases recovered with prespecified treatment. Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, replication-competent retrovirus, and lymphocyte clonality were absent. Conclusions: Adoptive immunotherapy with TBI-1301 to selectively target NY-ESO-1-positive tumor cells appears to be a promising strategy for the treatment of advanced or recurrent SS with acceptable toxicity.
Selection on Visual Opsin Genes in Diurnal Neotropical Frogs and Loss of the <i>SWS2</i> Opsin in Poison Frogs
Authors: Yin Chen Wan, María José Navarrete Méndez, Lauren A O'Connell, Lawrence H Uricchio, Alexandre-Benoit Roland, Martine E Maan, Santiago R Ron, Mileidy Betancourth-Cundar, Marcio R Pie, Kimberly A Howell, Corinne L Richards-Zawacki, Molly E Cummings, David C Cannatella, Juan C Santos, Rebecca D Tarvin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2023)

Abstract Amphibians are ideal for studying visual system evolution because their biphasic (aquatic and terrestrial) life history and ecological diversity expose them to a broad range of visual conditions. Here, we evaluate signatures of selection on visual opsin genes across Neotropical anurans and focus on three diurnal clades that are well-known for the concurrence of conspicuous colors and chemical defense (i.e., aposematism): poison frogs (Dendrobatidae), Harlequin toads (Bufonidae: Atelopus), and pumpkin toadlets (Brachycephalidae: Brachycephalus). We found evidence of positive selection on 44 amino acid sites in LWS, SWS1, SWS2, and RH1 opsin genes, of which one in LWS and two in RH1 have been previously identified as spectral tuning sites in other vertebrates. Given that anurans have mostly nocturnal habits, the patterns of selection revealed new sites that might be important in spectral tuning for frogs, potentially for adaptation to diurnal habits and for color-based intraspecific communication. Furthermore, we provide evidence that SWS2, normally expressed in rod cells in frogs and some salamanders, has likely been lost in the ancestor of Dendrobatidae, suggesting that under low-light levels, dendrobatids have inferior wavelength discrimination compared to other frogs. This loss might follow the origin of diurnal activity in dendrobatids and could have implications for their behavior. Our analyses show that assessments of opsin diversification in across taxa could expand our understanding of the role of sensory system evolution in ecological adaptation.
US Survey: About 7% of Adults, 1% of Children Have Had Long COVID
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prophylactic Salpingo-Oophorectomy and Survival After <i>BRCA1/2</i> Breast Cancer Resection
Authors: Gabriele Martelli, Francesco Barretta, Claudio Vernieri, Secondo Folli, Giancarlo Pruneri, Silvia Segattini, Anna Trapani, Claudia Carolla, Gianbattista Spatti, Rosalba Miceli, Cristina Ferraris
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Importance Few studies have investigated whether prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy (PSO) for patients with previously resected breast cancer who carry pathogenic germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 variants is associated with a reduced risk of cancer-specific death. Objective To assess the association of PSO and prophylactic mastectomy (PM) with prognosis after quadrantectomy or mastectomy as primary treatment for patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 breast cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study was performed in a single-institution, tertiary referral center. Consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer treated surgically between 1972 and 2019 were recruited and followed up prospectively after they were found to carry the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene variant. The data analysis was performed between April 2022 and July 2023. Exposure Following breast surgery, some patients underwent PSO, PM, or both, whereas others did not. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary study end point was overall survival as measured by the Kaplan-Meier method. Secondary end points were crude cumulative incidence of breast cancer–specific mortality, ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR), contralateral breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and ovarian cancer–specific mortality. Results Of 480 patients included in the cohort (median age at initial surgery, 40.0 years; IQR, 34.0-46.0 years), PSO was associated with a significantly reduced risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.40; 95% CI, 0.25-0.64; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). This reduction was most evident for patients carrying the BRCA1 variant (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.20-0.63; P = .001), those with triple-negative disease (HR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.09-0.46; P = .002), and those with invasive ductal carcinoma (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.31-0.84; P = .008). Prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy was not associated with risk of contralateral breast cancer or IBTR. Initial or delayed PM was associated with a reduced risk of IBTR but not with overall survival or breast cancer–specific mortality. Conclusions The study findings suggest that PSO should be offered to all patients with BRCA1/2 breast cancer who undergo surgery with curative intent to reduce risk of death. In particular, PSO should be offered to patients with the BRCA1 variant at the time of breast surgery.
Puritanical morality: Cooperation or coercion?
Authors: Glenn Barenthin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract The suggestion that there is a need to moralize bodily pleasures for uncooperative self-control failures doesn't fit with the historical record. I counter that the development of puritanical values was an instrument of coercion and control, rather than an adaptation for cooperation. Confusing cooperation with coercion and moral principles with conventional norms leads to misconceptions about societal arrangements.
Don't throw the baby out with the bathwater: Indulging in harmless pleasures can support self-regulation and foster cooperation
Authors: Daniela Becker, Katharina Bernecker
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract In this commentary we challenge Fitouchi et al.'s puritanical morality account by presenting evidence showing (1) that pursuing harmless pleasures can actually support self-regulation, and (2) that sharing pleasurable experiences can foster cooperation. We conclude that puritanical morality is not as adaptive as presented, and may even suppress the potential benefits pleasure can have for the individual and society.
Errors in Figure 2
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2023)

Michelle A. Worthington, MS, MPhil; Jean Addington, PhD; Carrie E. Bearden, PhD; Kristin S. Cadenhead, MD; Barbara A. Cornblatt, PhD, MBA; Matcheri Keshavan, MD; Cole A. Lympus, BS; Daniel H. Mathalon, MD, PhD; Diana O. Perkins, MD; William S. Stone, PhD; Elaine F. Walker, PhD; Scott W. Woods, MD; Yize Zhao, PhD; Tyrone D. Cannon, PhD
Unique Cabozantinib Dosing Considerations in People Living with HIV and Cancer
Authors: Eric D. Eisenmann, Alex Sparreboom
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

Summary A recent article characterized dosing recommendations for cabozantinib in people living with HIV (PLWH) and cancer, a group that is often excluded from clinical trials. This study suggests cabozantinib is effective in cancers disproportionately impacting PLWH and has translational implications for the design of studies evaluating drug-drug interactions. See related article by Haigentz et al., p. 5038
Inequalities in the Incidence of Psychotic Disorders Among Racial and Ethnic Groups
Authors: Winston Chung, Sheng-Fang Jiang, Michael P. Milham, Kathleen R. Merikangas, Diana Paksarian
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2023)

Objective: The authors examined recent trends in incidence of psychotic disorders, demographic characteristics, and comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions among six racial/ethnic groups. Method: A retrospective cohort study design was used to examine the incidence of psychotic disorders across race/ethnicity groups and comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions among members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California from 2009 to 2019 (N=5,994,758). Poisson regression was used to assess changes in annual incidence, and Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models adjusted for age and sex were used to test correlates and consequences. Results: Overall, the incidence of nonaffective psychotic disorders decreased slightly over the study period. Compared with White members, the risk of nonaffective psychosis diagnosis was higher among Black (hazard ratio=2.13, 95% CI=2.02–2.24) and American Indian or Alaskan Native (AIAN) (hazard ratio=1.85, 95% CI=1.53–2.23) members and lower among Asian (hazard ratio=0.72, 95% CI=0.68–0.76) and Hispanic (hazard ratio=0.91, 95% CI=0.87–0.96) members, as well as those whose race/ethnicity was categorized as "other" (hazard ratio=0.92, 95% CI=0.86–0.99). Compared with White members, the risk of affective psychosis diagnosis adjusted for age and sex was higher among Black (hazard ratio=1.76, 95% CI=1.62–1.91), Hispanic (hazard ratio=1.09, 95% CI=1.02–1.16), and AIAN (hazard ratio=1.38, 95% CI=1.00–1.90) members and lower among Asian (hazard ratio=0.77, 95% CI=0.71–0.83), Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (hazard ratio=0.69, 95% CI=0.48–0.99), and "other" (hazard ratio=0.86, 95% CI=0.77–0.96) members. Psychotic disorders were associated with significantly higher odds of suicide (odds ratio=2.65, 95% CI=2.15–3.28), premature death (odds ratio=1.30, 95% CI=1.22–1.39), and stroke (odds ratio=1.64, 95% CI=1.55–1.72) and lower odds of health care utilization (odds ratio=0.44, 95% CI=0.42–0.47). Conclusions: This study demonstrates racial and ethnic variation in incident psychotic disorder diagnoses in the United States, compared with non-Hispanic Whites. Individuals diagnosed with psychosis face a greater burden of other negative health outcomes and lower odds of health care utilization, reflecting personal and economic impacts. Identifying risk factors for elevated rates and protective influences in subgroups can inform strategies for prevention and interventions to ameliorate severe consequences of psychotic syndromes.
Concerns Regarding Familiarity of the Surgeon-Anesthesiologist Dyad and Postoperative Patient Outcomes for Complex Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Zihuan Zhang, Zhiying Yang
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
<scp>Pseudo‐Chédiak</scp>–Higashi anomaly in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Biswadip Hazarika, Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2023)

A 13-year-old Indian boy presented with dysuria and intermittent fever for 6 weeks. Physical examination showed no specific abnormality. His blood count showed a white cell count of 26.8 × 109/L, hemoglobin concentration 109 g/L, mean cell volume 82.9 fL, and platelet count 24 × 109/L. His blood film showed marked neutrophilia and 26% blast cells; the neutrophils and eosinophils were packed with aberrantly staining, mainly purple granules, some of which were giant (all images ×100 objective). No granules or Auer rods were detected in blast cells. Immunophenotyping showed the blast cells to express CD13, CD33, CD117, CD34, CD38, and CD7. There was no expression of myeloperoxidase, CD64, cytoplasmic CD3, or B-lineage markers. Cytogenetic analysis showed a normal male karyotype. There were no clinical features of Chédiak–Higashi syndrome. A diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) complicated by the pseudo-Chédiak–Higashi anomaly was made. The patient responded to induction chemotherapy with abnormal granulocytes disappearing from the blood; the few neutrophils then present did not have abnormal granules. The patient was well enough to be discharged and was to seek further treatment elsewhere. The pseudo-Chédiak–Higashi anomaly is well recognized but rare in AML. Usually the abnormal granules are found in blast cells, but occasionally they have been identified in promyelocytes and myelocytes.1-3 They stain variously, pink or purple. They are usually peroxidase-positive but not invariably.4 Auer rods are also not infrequently present. An association with t(8;21) has been reported in at least three patients,3, 5, 6 but no other consistent cytogenetic abnormality has been recognized. This patient is exceptional in that the granules were confined to mature granulocytes. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Essential Role of Endothelial Sphingolipid Biosynthesis in Cerebrovascular Homeostasis
Authors: Luisa Rubinelli, Lidia Garcia-Bonilla, Linda Sasset, Anna Cantalupo, Benjamin Goya, James E. Ip, Josef Anrather, Costantino Iadecola, Giuseppe Faraco, Annarita Di Lorenzo
Journal: Circulation Research (2023)
Moral emotions underlie puritanical morality
Authors: Ruida Zhu, Chao Liu
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Abstract Fitouchi et al. illustrate the cognitive and evolutionary foundations of puritanical morality, while leave the emotional foundation unclear. We complement their theory by proposing moral emotions (e.g., guilt and shame) as characteristic emotions underlying puritanical morality. Our proposition is based on the findings that these moral emotions emerge after violations of puritanical norms and promote self-control and cooperation.
Purity is linked to cooperation but not necessarily through self-control
Authors: Samuel Murray, Santiago Amaya, William Jiménez-Leal
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2023)

Fitouchi et al. claim that seemingly victimless pleasures and nonproductive activities are moralized because they alter self-control. Their account predicts that: (1) victimless excesses are negatively moralized because they diminish self-control, and (2) restrained behaviors are positively moralized because they enhance self-control. Several examples run contrary to these predictions and call into question the general relationship between self-control and cooperation.
Will Quantifying Fascial Tension Change the Practice of Component Separations in Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction?
Authors: William R. Lorenz, Alexis M. Holland, Vedra A. Augenstein
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
SSTR Antagonists as Theranostic Option in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Alessandro Liebich, Johanna S Enke, Nic G Reitsam, Martin Trepel, Georgine Wienand, Ralph A Bundschuh, Christian H Pfob, Alexander Dierks, Constantin Lapa, Malte Kircher
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2023)

"SSTR Antagonists as Theranostic Option in Small Cell Lung Cancer." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.