tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Informed consent in medical research
Authors: D. E Bratt, P. Soutter, M. Bland, P. Little, I. Williamson, D. O Chanter, S. Stewart-Brown, H. Thornton, W. Holmes, J. N E Ana, C. Morley, M. Paul, A Hassiotis, M. F G Hulbert, C. E Counsell, P. A G Sandercock, P. Wilmshurst, M. Baum, C. Montgomery, A. Lydon, K. Lloyd, C. Wiltshire, A C Frosh, J Hanif
Journal: BMJ (1997)

# Doctors are arrogant to think they need to debate issue of patient consent {#article-title-2} Editor—The editorial by Richard Smith raised the issue of publishing studies in which the researchers did not seek patients' consent.1 Firstly, I would think that of all the professions, only in medicine would there be any sort of debate about whether people need to be told that they, their bodies, their body fluids, their emotions, or whatever were to be subjects of research. This is arrogance on the part of doctors. Has anyone thought of asking these “patients” what their opinions are? Secondly, I also think that doctors in developing countries need to be especially careful about obtaining consent from patients for anything, not only research. I would like to know that when I read a paper from a developing country in the BMJ , I can be sure that the individuals on whom the research was done had given informed consent. 1. 1.↵1. Smith R . Informed consent: the intricacies BMJ 1997;314:1059#60. (12 April.) [OpenUrl][1][FREE Full Text][2] # No one has a monopoly on deciding what is ethical {#article-title-4} Editor—Having just come to the end of my term as chairman of our local research ethics committee, I would like to contribute to the debate on informed consent. I have no doubt that informed consent should be obtained in virtually all research studies. The difficulty comes in those rare instances when the need to obtain informed consent may be waived. Len Doyal has made a thoughtful and useful contribution to the debate,1 but it is interesting that, whereas I would have said that the study by Satish Bhagwanjee and colleagues qualified under his suggestions,2 he seems to imply that it would not. The commentaries of Rajendra Kale and Sheila McLean were critical of the two studies published in the BMJ , 2 3 but they failed to address the specific issues raised by the trials and resorted instead to vague generalisations. Neither was prepared to consider seriously the harm that can be done by not … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBMJ%26rft.stitle%253DBMJ%26rft.issn%253D0007-1447%26rft.aulast%253DSmith%26rft.auinit1%253DR.%26rft.volume%253D314%26rft.issue%253D7087%26rft.spage%253D1059%26rft.epage%253D1059%26rft.atitle%253DInformed%2Bconsent%253A%2Bthe%2Bintricacies%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F9162269%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=FULL&journalCode=bmj&resid=314/7087/1059&atom=%2Fbmj%2F314%2F7092%2F1477.atom
AIDS and Breast Milk
Authors: Jonathan Wasserberger
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the Aug 16, 1985, issue of<i>JAMA</i>is a book review favoring the value of human milk banking.<sup>1</sup>Recently Ziegler et al<sup>2</sup>reported a case where a newborn apparently contracted the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus through breast milk from his mother. The child was delivered by cesarean section and the mother contracted the AIDS virus after blood transfusion given in conjunction with her cesarean section. In the reported case, the blood transfusion was given after delivery, and the baby was breast-fed for six weeks. Thirteen months later, AIDS developed in the donor of one of the units of blood used for transfusion, resulting in testing of the mother and the child. Both the mother and the child were then found to be HTLV-III positive. The mother had AIDS-related complex. The baby had a transient episode of failure to thrive and then developed lymphadenopathy
Many misjudge severity of orbital cellulitis
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Because opinions still differ not only as to the cause and seriousness of orbital cellulitis but also as to its treatment, a group of physicians from Pittsburgh has come up with new guidelines for management of the condition. Victor L. Schramm, Jr, MD, assistant professor of otolaryngology at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, teamed with chief of radiology Hugh D. Curtin, MD, and professor of ophthalmology and neurology John S. Kennerdell, MD, both of the same institution, to review 303 cases of orbital cellulitis treated at Children's Hospital and at the Eye and Ear Hospital of Pittsburgh during the last decade. They found, as had others previously, that inflammation in or around the orbit affects primarily children; 68% of the patients were younger than 8 years of age. However, the disease was least severe among the youngest children. Ninety-seven percent of those younger than 4 years of age
Amphetamines in the District of Columbia
Authors: Mark H. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1973)

An epidemic of amphetamine abuse occurred in the District of Columbia. The epidemic occurred when heroin became scarce in Washington. It peaked and then ebbed abruptly in September 1972, following introduction of amphetamine control measures. Guidelines used in managing the epidemic included avoidance of scare tactics, reduction of the drug supply, and regulation of the drug suppliers. Drug-abuse "outbreaks" can be identified and controlled.
Humidification of inspired air
Authors: Y. H. Han
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A comparative evaluation of various types of humidifiers and heat and moisture exchangers was made on normal volunteer subjects and tracheostomized patients. The respiratory water loss during oral breathing in normal adults was 27.7 mg/liter of expired air which represents 75% saturation with water vapor at 32 C. It was directly proportional to the minute volumes. The net water loss from the respiratory tract decreased as the absolute humidity of the inspired air increased. Atropinized and anesthetized subjects expired 28.6 mg and 23.4 mg/liter of air. Rebreathing through an external dead space of 100 ml reduced normal respiratory water loss by 3 mg. A heat and moisture exchanger reduced the normal respiratory water loss by one half. Under the usual conditions employed, with oxygen tents or nebulizers, subjects were in negative water balance.
Microscopic Aspects of Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
Authors: Mark C. Willingham
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Collegiate Education for Nursing.
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Uncompensated and Discounted Medicaid Care Provided by Physician Group Practices in Wisconsin
Authors: Nancy Cross Dunham
Journal: JAMA (1991)

A survey of a sample of physician group practices in Wisconsin was undertaken to determine the amounts of charity care, bad debt, and discounted Medicaid care that were provided in 1988. Overall, the physician group practices in the sample reported dollar amounts of uncompensated care and discounted Medicaid care that averaged approximately 7.6% of their total billings for the year (1.6% of charity care, 3.0% of bad debt, and 3.0% of discounted Medicaid care). From the dollar totals reported, it was calculated that the individual physicians represented by this sample of group practices were responsible for, on average, $4300 of charity care, $9100 of bad debt, and $7500 of Medicaid discounted services, for a yearly per-physician total of $20 900 of uncompensated care and discounted care provided to uninsured and indigent patients. The results indicate that a majority of the group practices provided more charity care in 1988 than they had 5 years earlier and suggest that the burden of providing uncompensated care tends to fall disproportionately on those group practices that are also providing relatively high levels of service to Medicaid recipients. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:2982-2986)
British Society of Gastroenterology
Authors: P Cotton, R Frost, G-L Ferri, L Probert, F Michelti, D Cocchia, J Polak, Histochemistry Unit, I Murray-Lyon
Journal: Gut (1982)

SHORVON (Department of Gastro- enterology, The Middlesex Hospital, Lon- don) Three thousand four hundred and forty four ERCPs were performed by one physician and members of his units in the decade since introduction of the technique.Data were entered retrospectively into a computer with up to 68 items on each ERCP, concerning indications, techniques, and results.Print-out provided lists of patients by variable -for example, jaundice -or combinations -for example, pancreatitis with calcification and alcohol abuseand analysis of results and trends.Referrals rose progessively from 39 in 1971 to 691 in 1980.Commonest indictions were: pain (?biliary) 24%, pain (?pan- creatic) 22%, jaundice 15%, known pancreatitis 10%.Biliary indications pre- dominated after introduction of sphincterotomy in 1975; 586 have been per- formed, 166 in patients with gall bladders.Mean cannulation success rates were constant after the first year (pancreas 87%, biliary 86%).The annual incidence of pancreas divisum has risen progressively to 54 in 1980.Accessory cannulation suc- ceeded in 41% of 153 attempts.A firm diagnosis was made in 87% of 895 patients with jaundice.Only 28% of ERCP reports were completely normal.Further illustra- tions will be given of the value of computer based analysis, now being used prospectively on a multicentre basis.T2 Pancreatic parenchymography using metrizamide
The Office Laboratory Director's Guide
Authors: Paul Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1985)

More than 90% of primary care physicians have access to an office laboratory. These physicians serve as the director of their laboratory services and are legally responsible for test results. This responsibility has become a greater challenge as more sophisticated laboratory testing is available for office use. Yet clinicians find few reliable sources to help them face these changes. This article is intended to serve as a guide for the clinician facing the new responsibilities as laboratory director. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:2941-2945)
Use of Hallucinogenic Drugs on Campus
Authors: Lillian L. Imperi
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A questionnaire, administered to random samples of students on the Yale and Wesleyan campuses, revealed that one of every five students on each campus had used hallucinogenic drugs at least once in his lifetime. Marijuana was by far the most popular. There was no appreciable difference between the two campuses as to whether students had ever used it or, if so, when they first tried it, but the students from Wesleyan used it more heavily and more recently. Wesleyan students were more likely to have used lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) at some point and showed some tendency to have used it more recently, but did not differ significantly as to total cumulative use or the time they first tried it. For all hallucinogens, all users reported experiencing pleasant effects much more frequently than unpleasant effects. A majority of all nonusers reported knowing someone who had used hallucinogens, and a sizeable minority reported having seriously considered trying it.
Progress Toward Interrupting Indigenous Measles Transmission--Region of the Americas, January 1999-September 2000
Journal: JAMA (2000)

In 1994, countries in the Region of the Americas set a goal of interrupting indigenous measles transmission by the end of 2000. From 1990 to 1996, measles cases declined from approximately 250,000 to an all-time low of 2109 confirmed cases. However, a resurgence began in 1997, with 52,284 confirmed cases reported from Brazil and in 1998, with 14,330 confirmed cases reported from 16 (39%) of the 41 countries that report to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). This report summarizes the measles control strategies implemented in the region and measles incidence during 1999-2000 and indicates that the region has made important progress towards interrupting indigenous measles transmission and that achieving this goal is within reach.
Correction: Article on Dysadherin Expression in Gastric Cancer
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

In the article on Dysadherin Expression in Gastric Cancer in the April 15, 2004, issue of Clinical Cancer Research, in Table 2, the P values given for grade and hematogenous metastasis were incorrect. The correct P value for both is 0.0002.Shimada Y, Yamasaki S, Hashimoto Y, et al. Clinical significance of dysadherin expression in gastric cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 2004;10:2818–23.
Chronic cough
Authors: M. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Ten ways to improve information technology in the NHS Users, not geeks, should design interfaceEditor-With reference to the article by Majeed et al, 1 the consultation is central to medicine, and information technology must facilitate it.With the constant changes in information technology it remains nascent, disjointed, and user hostile.It is no surprise that implementation remains problematic.Paper records will be superseded, but successors must emulate their familiarity and simplicity.The authors do not mention the main weakness-what users see and what they can do with it.Background issues (coding, networks, intranets, security, maintenance, data transfer, etc) are the province of geeks.Even the brand leader (EMIS) is difficult to operate in consultation, and its presentation of data, especially lab results, is dire.Interfaces operated by hand via large colour liquid crystal display touch screens are the technologies that can transform health computing by rendering the consultation process "natural."Healthcare computing will be wonderful when the user can use it easily.Get users, not geeks, to design the interface, and the project will take wing.
Endoscopy International Open – recently published
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

See also: Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty with 1-year follow-up: factors predictive of successEndosc Int Open 2016; 04(02): E222-E227DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-110771 See also: Endoscopic band ligation for colonic diverticular bleeding: possibility of standardizationEndosc Int Open 2016; 04(02): E233-E237DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-110954 See also: Congenital duodenal web: successful management with endoscopic dilatationEndosc Int Open 2016; 04(03): E238-E241DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-110955
Equivalent Therapy at Lower Cost
Authors: Bernard A. Kemp
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Contrary to a widely accepted view, generic prescribing will not lead to the lowest-cost equivalent therapy. An examination of the price structure of the oral penicillins reveals that generic prescribing may lead to lower prescription prices; however, the so-called "average generic price" is about the same as the price of the lowest-priced branded items. Often the patient will pay more than the average unbranded product price. The physician can be sure that the patient gets equivalent therapy at a potentially lower or even the lowest cost by prescribing generically<i>and</i>specifying the manufacturer who sells the lowest-priced therapeutically equivalent product. (<i>JAMA</i>228:1009-1014, 1974)
Corrections
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

In the article by V. Balz et al., titled "Is the p53 Inactivation Frequency in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck Underestimated?Analysis of p53 Exons 2-11 and Human Papillomavirus 16/18 E6 Transcripts in 123 Unselected Tumor Specimens," which appeared in the March 15, 2003 issue of Cancer Research (pp.1188 -1191), the HPV 18 E6 PCR primers for both HPV 18 E6 and HPV 16 E6 were misstated in Table 2.The correct Table 2 appears below.In the article by T.
Identification of Oil-Red-O Stained Granules in Sputum Macrophages
Authors: John W. Pickren
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their article, "Löffler's Syndrome as a Complication of Bipedal Lymphangiography" (<b>214</b>:369, 1970), Bray et al illustrate lipid-containing phagocytes. The picture is a beautiful reproduction of brilliantly stained fat-containing cells. They state in their description of case 1, "lipid stains of the sputum showed many lipid laden macrophages." None were described in their case 2. They did not comment on the significance of this finding. In the absence of an interpretation, many readers may surmise that the presence of fat in these cells indicates engulfment of oil from the contrast media used in the lymphangiogram. Such an interpretation may be correct, but it may be wrong. Lipidcontaining phagocytes are present in the sputum in a number of other conditions; a common cause is inhalationof tobacco smoke. Indeed, if one studies the sputa of inhalers of cigarette smoke, one finds large numbers of lipid-laden histiocytes
Scientists ponder diet's behavioral effects
Authors: Kathryn Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1985)

How "what you eat may affect the way you act" was the theme of a conference convened by the American Medical Association, the International Life Sciences Institute, and the Nutrition Foundation. "Diet and Behavior: A Multidisciplinary Evaluation" attracted a group of about 275 scientists, who discussed the effects of diet and nutrients on such behaviors as sleep, cognitive functioning, criminality, and hyperactivity. At the same time that speakers expressed caveats about prematurely manipulating the diet to correct aberrant behavior, they appeared to agree that at least certain foods can indeed influence certain behaviors. And, as their testimony indicates, dietary pharmacology is no longer at the fringe of medicine. According to Robin B. Kanarek, PhD, associate professor of psychology, Tufts University School of Nutrition, Medford, Mass, "ideas and beliefs about a causative role for diet and behavior have existed for literally thousands of years." She notes that therapeutic uses for food
Ectopic Thyroid Glands Simulating Thyroglossal Duct Cysts
Authors: Alva L. Strickland
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Ectopic thyroid glands have frequently been surgically removed with the mistaken diagnosis of thyroglossal duct cyst. In three cases removal of thyroid tissue caused profound hypothyroidism before the condition was recognized and treated. Analysis of earlier growth measurements revealed that hypothyroidism was present prior to surgery and was the stimulus for compensatory enlargement of the ectopic glands. A fourth patient with ectopic thyroid tissue showed no compensatory enlargement despite the early evidence of hypothyroidism. These cases illustrate the spectrum of thyroid dysgenesis and the importance of the small foci of functioning thyroid tissue during the critical period of central nervous system development.
Cellular Retinoic Acid-Binding Protein in Human Lung Carcinomas&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Clamon, Gerald H., Nugent, Kenneth M., Rossi, Nicholas P.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Journal Article Cellular Retinoic Acid-Binding Protein in Human Lung Carcinomas Get access Gerald H. Clamon, Gerald H. Clamon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kenneth M. Nugent, Kenneth M. Nugent Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nicholas P. Rossi Nicholas P. Rossi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 67, Issue 1, July 1981, Pages 61–63, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/67.1.61 Published: 01 July 1981 Article history Received: 03 November 1980 Accepted: 02 February 1981 Published: 01 July 1981
Lithium-induced constructional dyspraxia.
Authors: E P Worrall, R A Gillham
Journal: BMJ (1983)

detected; serum complement concentrations, DNA binding, and urate concentration were within the normal range; a test for hepatitis B surface antigen was negative.Radiography of the hands, neck, and sacroiliac joints showed no abnormality.Tissue type was HLA-B27.He was treated with indomethacin'50 mg twice daily.One week later the Silastic peritoneal catheter (Tenckhoff) was replaced.Three'weeks later he had an upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage from an acute duodenal ulcer.This did not respond to conservative treatment, and vagotomy and.pyloroplasty were'performed.He had an uneventful postoperative course, though the arthritis persisted for a further week.Two months later he was stiRl undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and had had no further episodes of peritoneal infection or acute arthritis.
A Flexible Fiber Optic Laryngoscope
Authors: Claire M. Stiles
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Certain conditions make endotracheal intubation with existing laryngoscopes far from ideal, and occasionally impossible. Patients with anatomical abnormalities which limit range of motion in the cervical spine or temporomandibular joint, or both, may require a tracheostomy solely for the purpose of providing airway control during anesthesia. The solution for these difficult intubations seemed to be a method that would employ a guide over which an endotracheal tube could be passed. A review of the literature revealed the use of several types of guides, such as a retrograde translaryngeal catheter,<sup>1-3</sup>a transnasal suction catheter,<sup>4</sup>or a 5-mm pediatric bronchoscope inserted behind the molar teeth. However, in patients with severe rheumatoid disease we find the larynx fixed in a more anterior position and at a greater angle to the pharynx than is usual, thus making all of these methods unsuccessful. With the cooperation of the IIT Research Institute, Chicago, a