tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
British Hair and Nail Society
Authors: M Goldust, H Alipour, K Mukkanna, G Patel, E Kamp, P Farrant, A Khoury, E White
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common form of scalp hair loss.Several medications are commonly used for the treatment of AGA.Minoxidil 5% solution is only effective at regrowing hair in a minority of cases.Increasing the dosage of topical minoxidil in patients who are low metabolizers would increase the number of responders without increasing the incidence of adverse events.Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a new therapy for the treatment of hair loss.The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of minoxidil 15% topical solution vs. LLLT in the treatment of AGA.In this 24-week, randomized, self-comparison clinical trial, 58 patients who met the standard were included in the study.The patients were randomly divided into two groups.The first group was treated with minoxidil 15% topical solution twice per day.The second group received LLLT three times per week for 30 min each.Global scalp photography, phototrichogram assessment, Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) of hair regrowth, and the patient's assessment of the treatment satisfaction were used for evaluation.Both modalities were effective, with comparable results in all parameters.The percentage of recovery from AGA and the patients' satisfaction with their treatment were significantly higher in the minoxidil group than in the LLLT group.A significantly greater improvement from baseline in hair thickness, hair count, hair coverage and IGA was also observed with minoxidil 15% than with LLLT at the 12-and 24-week visits.No serious adverse events were observed.As a new dosage of treatment, minoxidil 15% can help improve the percentage of recovery from AGA alopecia and increase patients' satisfaction with their treatment. BH02Malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumour of the scalp
The cause of dysphagia in eosinophilic oesophagitis: obstruction to bolus passage not oesophageal dysmotility
Authors: M. R. Fox, M. Sauter, H. Heinrich, M. Fried, H. Fruehauf, K. Knowles, J. Wright
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Eosinophilic Oesophagitis (EO) presents with dysphagia and chest pain; however the cause of symptoms remains uncertain. Endoscopy reveals fibrotic and inflammatory mucosal disease but rarely tight stenosis. Conventional manometry with water swallows is usually normal; however this may not be clinically relevant as most patients report dysphagia on eating bread and meat but not on drinking liquids. This study applied HRM with water and solid bolus swallows to identify abnormal oesophageal function in EO patients and to associate abnormal pressure events with symptoms. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective case review of 14 consecutive patients (10 male; age 36 (26–65)) on two sites referred for HRM with EO on biopsy of proximal and distal oesophagus. HRM studies in the seated position included 10×5 ml water swallows and 5–10 solid (bread) swallows. 23 healthy volunteers (11 M:12 F, age 20–56) served as control. Association between abnormal pressure events and symptoms was assessed on a per patient and per swallow basis. <h3>Results</h3> HRM identified oesophageal dysfunction in 3/14 (21%) patients with water swallows and 11/14 (79%) patients with solids (p&lt;0.008). All 11 had increased intrabolus pressure gradient (IBPG) ≥30 mm Hg with solids (maximum at lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) (n=9), mid-oesophagus (n=1) and upper oesophageal sphincter (n=1)). Per patient: Typical symptoms were reported with IBPG &gt;30 mm Hg by 1 (7%) patient with water and 7 (50%) patients with solids (p=0.039). Conversely, 7/11 (64%) patients with IBPG &gt;30 mm Hg had symptoms (7/7 patients with IBPG &gt;50 mm Hg). Per swallow: There was temporal association between raised IBPG and patient reports of symptoms (p&lt;0.001). Pan-oesophageal pressurisation &gt;30 mm Hg triggered dysphagia; compartmentalised IBP &gt;50 mm Hg between peristalsis and LOS triggered either dysphagia or chest pain. No association was present for any other pressure event. Patients that had received steroids and/or dilation (n=7) had lower IBPG and reported less symptoms than untreated patients (n=7) (both p&lt;0.001); however, if it occurred, the association between IBPG and symptoms remained. One healthy subject had increased frequency of low-amplitude oesophageal spasm; however none had raised OGPG &gt;30 mm Hg with solids and none reported symptoms. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patients with EO have normal motility but evidence of structural obstruction to solid bolus passage (usually across the LOS), presumably due to oesophageal stenosis or reduced LOS compliance due to fibrosis and inflammation. In all but one case this was evident only with solid bolus. Raised IBPG was closely associated with patient reports of symptoms and both improved on treatment.
Clinical Connections
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2021)

MiR-34a-5p expression is aberrantly increased in the knee joint of late-stage knee OA patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery, especially in the obese subgroup.• Intraarticular injection of miR-34a-5p mimic in mice promotes cartilage destruction and synovial pathology in vivo.• Targeting miR-34a-5p intraarticularly using ASO technology or genetic ablation of miR-34a imparts substantial cartilage protection from surgery-induced OA in mice.
Lung cancer
Authors: H. D. Royal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Conventional ventilation-perfusion imaging occasionally is useful in the evaluation of patients with lung tumours. In addition, other single photon emitting radiopharmaceuticals have been recently introduced to better determine the extent of disease at the time of diagnosis and at various times during subsequent follow-up. Oncological applications of FDG-PET imaging are increasing in number. Data supporting the cost-effectiveness of FDG-PET imaging in differentiating benign from malignant pulmonary neoplasms and in determining the extent of disease at the time of initial diagnosis are accumulating.
Weight reduction in obesity by outpatient semistarvation
Authors: S. M. Genuth
Journal: JAMA (1974)

In a regimen of weight reduction for massively obese patients, all food was withdrawn during one week of hospitalization. The patients were maintained on 45 gm of casein calcium (Casec) and 30 gm of glucose for months on an outpatient basis, with close clinical and biochemical monitoring. Forty-five (60%) of 75 patients lost 18 kg (40 lb) or more. The average loss was 38 kg (85 lb). Men lost 2.1 kg (4.8 lb)/week and women lost 1.4 kg (3.2 lb)/week. No severe chemical derangements occurred. A modest state of catabolism existed, evidenced by an estimated minimum 2-gm negative nitrogen balance and small potassium and phosphate losses. The expected clinical benefits were obtained, and no serious disabilities were encountered as the patients engaged in normal activities. This regimen can be recommended when weight reduction per se is a medical imperative because of diabetes, hypertension, cardiopulmonary disease, or necessary elective surgery. (<i>JAMA</i>230:987-991, 1974)
Reporting the Recruitment Process in Clinical Trials: Who Are These Patients and How Did They Get There?
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Summaries for Patients2 July 2002Reporting the Recruitment Process in Clinical Trials: Who Are These Patients and How Did They Get There?Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-1-200207020-00002 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?When researchers perform clinical studies comparing one treatment with another, they often use an experimental design known as a randomized, controlled trial (RCT). This design ensures that patients are randomly assigned to treatment groups in a way that will not bias the results by putting many people who are likely to respond favorably into one group and many who are not likely to respond into another. Although RCTs are generally accepted as the strongest way to design a clinical study, the usefulness of the findings depends not only ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Reporting the Recruitment Process in Clinical Trials: Who Are These Patients and How Did They Get There?” It is in the 2 July 2002 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 137, pages 10-16). The authors are C Gross, R Mallory, A Heiat, and HM Krumholz.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoReporting the Recruitment Process in Clinical Trials: Who Are These Patients and How Did They Get There? Cary P. Gross , Raburn Mallory , Asefeh Heiat , and Harlan M. Krumholz Metrics 2 July 2002Volume 137, Issue 1Page: I-38KeywordsClinical trial reportingClinical trialsResearch design ePublished: 2 July 2002 Issue Published: 2 July 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Tissue Repair Response as a Function of Dose in Thioacetamide Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Raja S. Mangipudy, Sanjay Chanda, Harihara M. Mehendale
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The purpose of the present study was to establish a dose-response relationship for thioacetamide (TA), where tissue regeneration as well as liver injury were two simultaneous but opposing responses. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitioneally with a 12-fold dose range of TA, and both liver injury and tissue repair were measured. Liver injury was assessed by serum enzyme elevations. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation did not show any dose response over a 12-fold dose range up to 24 hr. A dramatic ALT elevation was evident after 24 hr and only for the highest dose (600 mg/kg). Tissue regeneration response was measured by 3H-thymidine (3H-T) incorporation into hepatocellular DNA and by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) procedure during a time course (6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hr). Tissue regeneration, as indicated by 3H-T incorporation, peaked at 36 hr after administration of a low dose of TA (50 mg/kg). With increasing doses, a greater but delayed stimulation of cell division was observed until a threshold was reached (300 mg/kg). Above the tissue repair threshold (600 mg/kg), because stimulated tissue repair as revealed by 3H-T incorporation in hepatonuclear DNA was significantly delayed and attenuated, injury assessed by serum enzyme elevations was remarkably accelerated, indicating unrestrained progression of injury leading to animal death. These findings suggest that, in addition to the magnitude of tissue repair response, the time at which this occurs is critical in restraining the progression of injury, thereby determining the ultimate outcome of toxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
RATES TO THE COLUMBUS MEETING.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Patio Hieroglyphics
Authors: Sylvia S. Villarreal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Ad Libitum17 March 2020Patio HieroglyphicsSylvia S. Villarreal, MEd, MPHSylvia S. Villarreal, MEd, MPHMcGovern Center for Humanities and Ethics at McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas (S.S.V.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M19-1033 Audio Reading - “Patio Hieroglyphics” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “Patio Hieroglyphics” by Sylvia S. Villarreal, MEd, MPH Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I'm painting it rednot the town but the pitted half moonof concrete abutting our back door. The placefor conversations laced with invectives hurledby passing jays, the conspiratorial whisperingof oaks, and the lazy grace of a butterfly's arc.Rollers ooze redsaturating prison gray in shade conjuring uphidden courtyards behind the gated haciendasof Mexican mountain villages. Where fringed palmswave at passing breezes and rivulets of watersluice joyfully over the curvature of Talavera tile.Painting past grayof November skies that flatten oceans,buoyancy trapped beneath their leaden shield.Pigment-stealing gray rendering once shiny locksa tangled mass of wiry defiance.Not noticing is the first surrender.Turning ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: McGovern Center for Humanities and Ethics at McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas (S.S.V.)Corresponding Author: Sylvia S. Villarreal, MEd, MPH, 6431 Fannin Street, Suite JJL 410, Houston, TX 77030; e-mail, Sylvia.S.[email protected]tmc.edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Patio Hieroglyphics” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “Patio Hieroglyphics” by Sylvia S. Villarreal, MEd, MPH Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 March 2020Volume 172, Issue 6Page: 444KeywordsBlood ePublished: 17 March 2020 Issue Published: 17 March 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Impact of Medicare's Prospective Payment System on Wisconsin Nursing Homes-Reply
Authors: Mark A. Sager
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The letter by Langer et al provides additional data from the Wisconsin Veterans Home about the impact of the prospective payment system (PPS) on nursing homes in our state. Average hospital length of stay for their residents in 1986 was 6·35 days, which is significantly shorter than the 8·0 days we reported for Wisconsin's institutionalized Medicaid population in 1984. If these length-of-stay data are confirmed by other nursing homes, then the average length of hospital stays for nursing home residents has continued to decline since 1984 and is now significantly shorter than the 7·9 days reported by the Wisconsin Hospital Association for all Medicare beneficiaries in 1986. Although Langer et al do not provide pre-PPS data for comparison, their findings are consistent with the results of our study. The short hospital stays, the readmission rate, and the number of residents dying within 15 days of a hospital discharge
Abstract 374: Evidence for Hyper-reductive and Hyper-oxidative Conditions in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Thiagarajan Sairam, Gobinath Shanmugam, Madhusudhanan Narasimhan, Meenu Subramanian, Amit N Patel, Rajendran Gopalan, Ramalingam Sankaran, Rajasekaran N Soorappan
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

Background: Oxidative stress has been linked to heart failure (HF) in humans. Antioxidant-based treatments are not always effective. Hence, we tested a hypothesis that some patients with heart failure may have a hyper-reductive state. Identifying this condition may lead to personalized optimization and better outcomes. Methods: Blood samples were collected from age and sex matched healthy control (n=50) and HF patients (n=55). Serum was separated and stored immediately in -80°C until analysis. Reduced glutathione (GSH) and its redox ratio (GSH/GSSG) using sigma GSH kit (38185) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels by HPLC in the serum of HF patients were quantified. Further, the activities of key antioxidant enzymes including catalase, SOD, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were analyzed using a kinetic spectrophotometer. Results: While majority of the HF patients had significantly decreased the glutathione redox status (GSH/GSSG) and increased MDA levels (lipid peroxidation index) indicating a hyper-oxidative state, a subset of HF patients (n=8) displayed a significantly increased GSH/GSSG ratio along with decreased MDA levels in the serum, suggesting a strong association for a hyper-reductive state in the development of HF. Moreover, closer analyses of echocardiography revealed a lower ejection fraction (EF) with substantial diastolic dysfunction (MV E/A) in the HF patients with hyper-reductive state. Conclusion: These results suggest that hyper-reductive condition may indicate a worsening clinical course for HF patients. Thus a thorough diagnosis of redox state and personalized approach for antioxidant treatment is warranted.
Contraception
Authors: Daniel R. Mishell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

THE latest published survey of contraceptive use in the United States was conducted in 1987. Of the 57.4 million women in the reproductive age group (15 to 44 years), 16.1 million (28 percent) were not exposed to unwanted pregnancy.1 Of the remaining 41.3 million women who were exposed, all but 3.3 million (8 percent) used some method of contraception. Sterilization was the method most frequently used to prevent conception and was used by about one third of these women. Of the reversible methods of contraception, oral contraceptives, used by about 13.2 million women, were the most popular. These methods were . . .
Personal View
Authors: M. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Personal View"National Health Service underfunded; patient services curtailed; more cuts being made in the NHS, wards being closed, and patients suffering."Such statements appear frequently in the press and on radio and television.They result in a sense offrustration building up among those medical secretaries who work hard and long for the NHS and who are underpaid compared with their peers with equal responsibility in commerce.Why should districts pay secretaries more when waiting lists are lengthening, medical posts are being frozen, and wards are closing?What do they do which is so important that cash should be diverted from "patient services" to paying medical secretaries higher salaries?
A phase 2 trial of prostate-specific membrane antigen antibody drug conjugate (PSMA ADC) in taxane-refractory metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).
Authors: Daniel Peter Petrylak, David C. Smith, Leonard Joseph Appleman, Mark T. Fleming, Arif Hussain, Robert Dreicer, A. Oliver Sartor, Neal D. Shore, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, Hagop Youssoufian, Vincent A. DiPippo, Nancy Stambler, Kathleen Huang, Robert Joseph Israel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

5023 Background: PSMA expression on prostate cancer cells provides a rationale for ADC therapy. PSMA is a clinically validated target. PSMA ADC is a fully human antibody to PSMA linked to the microtubule disrupting agent MMAE. It induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis specifically in PSMA-positive cells. We have completed enrollment in a multicenter phase 2 trial of PSMA ADC in mCRPC pts progressing after taxane and antiandrogen. Methods: Pts with progressive mCRPC following taxane and abiraterone (ABI) and/or enzalutamide (ENZ) regimens and ECOG PS 0, 1 or 2 were eligible. PSMA ADC was administered Q3 wk IV for up to 8 cycles. Safety, tumor response by PSA, circulating tumor cells (CTC), imaging, biomarkers and clinical progression were assessed. Dosing was initiated at 2.5 mg/kg and adjusted for tolerability. Results: 34 pts received PSMA ADC at 2.5 mg/kg. Due to neutropenia, 49 pts subsequently received 2.3 mg/kg. 39% had both docetaxel and cabazitaxel (CAB); and 58% had both ABI and ENZ. 30% had visceral or soft tissue metastases. Duration of therapy on 2.3 mg/kg was longer than on 2.5 mg/kg. Any related adverse event (AE) grade ≥3 was 37% (2.3) and 59% (2.5 mg/kg). Related, grade 3/4 AEs occurring in ≥10% were fatigue, neutropenia and decreased electrolytes (16% vs 15%, 6% vs 18%, and 8% vs 21% at 2.3 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively). 2 pts at 2.5 mg/kg died of sepsis. PSA decline of ≥30% was noted in 36% (2.3) and 16% (2.5 mg/kg), and CTC decline of ≥50% was noted in 74% pts in both 2.3 and 2.5 mg/kg. CTC conversion from ≥5 to <5 cells/7.5 ml blood occurred in 48% (2.3) and 50% (2.5 mg/kg). PSA and CTC responses were associated with higher PSMA+CTC and PSA responses with lower neuroendocrine markers. Stable disease was seen in 80% of RECIST evaluable pts (n=15). Pts with prior CAB had lower CTC responses. Responses in pts with prior ABI did not differ from pts with prior ENZ. Conclusions: PSMA ADC at 2.3 mg/kg was active and well tolerated in heavily pretreated mCRPC pts. Updated safety and secondary efficacy endpoints from the 2.3 and 2.5 mg/kg cohorts will be presented. These data warrant further evaluation in this population. A taxane-naïve cohort is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT02020135.