tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SWK-07. Family mental health screening early after a diagnosis of pediatric brain tumor
Authors: Ashley Rodemann, Mary Hartmann, David Limbrick, Mohamed Abdelbaki, Andrew Cluster
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: A new diagnosis of a brain tumor in a child has significant emotional consequences for every member of the family. Nevertheless, early phases of oncologic care rarely provide formal mental health screening. METHODS: We implemented a mental health screening protocol for families and patients with a newly diagnosed brain tumor admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at the time of diagnosis. Screening instruments were selected based on their previous validation and relevance to both a brain tumor diagnosis and PICU admission. Parents were contacted by a member of our team within 2 weeks of their child’s diagnosis, and completed the screening independently within the next 2 weeks via an online interface. Parent proxy reports for the children were used when necessary. Scores were shared with the family and neuro-oncology team. When indicated, supportive counseling was offered. RESULTS: Eighteen patients have met criteria for mental health screening. Of these, 8 patient and parent dyads have completed the screening (mean patient age 8.6 years; 75% white; 50% female). Of the families that completed the evaluation, most parents (62.5%) reported that their child’s diagnosis negatively impacted their health-related quality of life (HRQL), while 87.5% of children themselves reported a lower HRQL. Most children (66.7%) self-reported having symptoms outside of normal range for anger, anxiety and depression and 100% had scores outside of normal range for pain interference with their daily lives. Only half of eligible families accepted referrals for new mental health support. CONCLUSION: Both children with a new diagnosis of brain tumor and their parents are at risk for impaired mental health and quality of life early after diagnosis. A systematic approach to these concerns at the time of diagnosis may be helpful.
Prognostic factors for recurrence and mortality in patients with localized malignant melanoma: Analysis of the Epidemiological Registry of Malignant Melanoma in Colombia REMMEC ACHO.
Authors: Aylen Vanessa Ospina Serrano, Fernando Contreras, Ivan Triana, Juan David Ortiz Diaz, Pedro Ramos, Claudia Vargas, Natalia Arango, Henry Idrobo, Isabel Munevar, Andres Yepes, William Mantilla, Paola Jimenez, Giovanna Patricia Rivas Tafurt, Mauricio Lema-Medina, Marcela Alcala, Diego Gomez, Isabel Chinchia, Angela Barrero, Guillermo Sanchez-Vanegas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

e21572 Background: Malignant melanoma is the skin cancer with the highest mortality rate. In early stages, it may have a better prognosis and some possibility of cure. In Colombia, given the increase in cases, a national registry of the disease has been initiated with the aim of characterizing the population and establishing the prognostic factors in the local context. Methods: Cohort study based on data from the Epidemiological Registry of Malignant Melanoma in Colombia (REMMEC). For this first phase,data from January 2011 to December 2021 were analyzed. Patients were older than 18 years, with confirmed diagnosis of localized melanoma. Mortality and recurrence incidence rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, overall survival was estimated at 5 years of follow-up for each stage. Finally, a prognostic model was made for the mortality outcome, using the Cox proportional hazards method. Results: 759 patients were included, the mean age was 66 years (SD: 15.6), 57% women (n = 431), 29% phototype I or II (n = 219), and the most frequent histological subtype was acral lentiginous (n = 211; 36%). In relation to the stage, 13.9% with stage 0 (n = 106), 24.2% in stage I (n = 184), 30% in stage II (n = 228), and 31.7% in stage III (n = 241). ECOG-3-4 in 1.05% (n = 8). Regarding the health regimen, the subsidized patients were 199 (26%), and the contributive 560 (73.8%), of which 35 and 30.6% had stage III, respectively. 92% of all patients underwent local surgery (n = 699) and 30% (n = 226) local lymphadenectomy. The median follow-up time was 36 months (IQR: 17-72). The mortality incidence rate was 3.6 cases per 100 person-years (95% CI: 2.9-4.3), and the recurrence rate was 6.8 cases per 100 person-years (95% CI: 5.9 -7.8). Overall survival at five years for patients in stage 0 and I was 97% (95% CI: 89-99), for stage II it was 80% (95% CI: 72.6-86.6); for stage III 65% (95% CI: 57-72). 22.4% (n = 170) received adjuvant treatment . 26.2% (n = 199) had metastatic recurrence. The prognostic factors for mortality are presented in Table. Conclusions: In the Colombian context, in patients with localized melanoma, ECOG 3 or 4, stage III at the time of diagnosis, receiving radiotherapy, the presence of ulceration, chronic sun exposure, and the subsidized health regimen are poor prognostic factors.[Table: see text]
Phase III study to compare bevacizumab or cetuximab plus FOLFIRI in patients with advanced colorectal cancer RAS/BRAF wild type (wt) on tumor tissue and RAS mutated (mut) in liquid biopsy: LIBImAb Study.
Authors: Angela Damato, Angela Damato, Carlo Aschele, Fortunato Ciardiello, Evaristo Maiello, Salvatore Siena, Valter Torri, Virginia Dolcini, Erika Gervasi, Ilenia La Grotteria, Irene De Simone, Nicola Normanno
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

TPS3636 Background: KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations are well-established negative predictive biomarkers of response to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients (pts). In clinical practice, RAS/BRAF wild-type (wt) patients receive first-line therapy regimens containing anti-EGFR agents. However, tumor heterogeneity might drive primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR MoAbs. In fact, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing reveals RAS/BRAF mutations in approximately 10% of pts who resulted in wt at tumor tissue. In addition, 30% to 50% RAS wt pts develop, during the treatment with anti-EGFR MoAbs, RAS mut can be detected in the ctDNA several weeks before clinical progression. As today, it is not known whether revealing RAS mut in liquid biopsy (LB) earlier than the appearance of a clinical/radiological disease progression, could impact pts’ outcomes. Similarly, there are no data suggesting the best therapeutic approach in patients with RAS/BRAF wt tissue and mutated ctDNA. Methods: This is a phase III, randomized, open-label, comparative, multicenter study to assess the superiority of Bevacizumab (BEV) compared to Cetuximab (CET) plus FOLFIRI in treatment naïve mCRC RAS/BRAF wt on tumor tissue (TT) and mutated in plasma samples. RAS/BRAF wt pts on TT will undergo the first LB, and RAS mut pts will be randomized 1:1 to receive FOLFIRI/CET (control arm) or FOLFIRI/BEV (experimental arm). Instead, RAS wt pts at first LB will be treated with FOLFIRI/CET up to 8 cycles. Pts who have not progressed after 8 cycles of treatment will undergo a second LB. If RAS mut was detected, pts will be randomized 1:1 to continue FOLFIRI/CET or switch to FOLFIRI/BEV. If not, pts will continue FOLFIRI/CET outside the clinical trial. Pts will be treated until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal of consent. Among 26 pts screened at the first LB, actually 1 KRAS mut and 1 BRAF mut pts were detected. The primary endpoint is the PFS Plasma samples will be analyzed for KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations by Idylla ctKRAS and Idylla ctNRAS-BRAF-EGFGR. All samples will be also analyzed by NGS, in order to better evaluate the correlation of tumor heterogeneity with pts’ outcomes. Clinical trial information: EudraCT Number: 2020-005078-82, NCT04776655.
Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of four cases of monkeypox support transmission through sexual contact, Italy, May 2022
Authors: Andrea Antinori, Valentina Mazzotta, Serena Vita, Fabrizio Carletti, Danilo Tacconi, Laura Emma Lapini, Alessandra D’Abramo, Stefania Cicalini, Daniele Lapa, Silvia Pittalis, Vincenzo Puro, Marco Rivano Capparuccia, Emanuela Giombini, Cesare Ernesto Maria Gruber, Anna Rosa Garbuglia, Alessandra Marani, Francesco Vairo, Enrico Girardi, Francesco Vaia, Emanuele Nicastri
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

Since May 2022, an outbreak of monkeypox has been ongoing in non-endemic countries. We report four cases in Italy in young adult men reporting condomless sexual intercourse. The patients are in good clinical condition with no need for specific antiviral drugs. Biological samples from seminal fluid were positive for monkeypox viral DNA. For many other viruses found in semen there is no evidence of sexual transmission. The possibility of sexual transmission of monkeypox virus needs to be investigated.
Neoadjuvant trial with toripalimab, albumin paclitaxel, and cisplatin on pathological response in locally advanced resectable oral squamous cell carcinoma (Illuminate Trial).
Authors: Lai-Ping Zhong, Ying-ying Huang, Jing-jing Sun, Jun Li, Min-jun Dong, Guopei Zhu, Jiang Li, Wu-tong Ju
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

e18067 Background: In patients with locally advanced resectable oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), major pathological response (MPR) to neoadjuvant therapy may translate into improved survival. The combination of anti-PD-1 and chemotherapy as neoadjuvant protocol has not been well reported in OSCC. Methods: The prospective single arm trial (NCT04473716) was performed to evaluate the neoadjuvant therapy with anti-PD-1 (Toripalimab) and chemotherapy (albumin paclitaxel/cisplatin) in OSCC patients at clinical stage III and IVA (AJCC 2018). The patients received two cycles (21 days each) of intravenous albumin paclitaxel (260mg/m 2 ), cisplatin (75mg/m 2 ) and Toripalimab (240mg) on day 1 and day 22. Radical surgery was performed within two weeks after neoadjuvant therapy. Post-operative radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy was performed within 1.5 months after surgery. The primary endpoints were MPR and safety. Primary tumors were assessed for the percentage of residual viable tumor cells on HE staining, and tumor with no more than 10% viable tumor cell was considered as MPR. Results: From Nov. 2020 to Apr. 2021, 20 patients were enrolled, including 16 males and 4 females, at clinical stage III (16) and IVA (4). They aged from 19 to 75 (median 54) years . The primary tumor site was eight tongue, six mouth floor, three gingiva, two retromolar trigone and one buccal mucosa. The neoadjuvant therapy was well-tolerated with low incidence of grade 3-4 adverse events (AEs) including 5% grade 4 neutropenia, 10% grade 3 leukopenia, 5% grade 3 neutropenia, hypokalemia, vomiting, and rash each. Common grade 1-2 AEs included baldness/rash/itch/pain/fatigue, AST/ALT/uric acid elevation, nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, hyperbilirubinemia, proteinuria, neutropenia/leukopenia. All AEs were relieved after expectant treatment, the subsequent standard treatment was not delayed. According to pathological evaluation, the MPR rate was 60% (12/20), including 30% (6/20) pCR. According to RECIST 1.1, radiological evaluation on neoadjuvant therapy showed two CR, ten PR, seven SD and one PD. It was significantly consistent between pathological and radiological evaluation in linear regression analysis ( P＜0.0001). Combined positive score (CPS) of PD-L1 expression in biopsy was evaluated in 19 patients, MPR was archived in all 4 patients with CPS≥10, in 6 out of 8 patients (75%) with CPS≥1, and in 5 out of 11 patients (45.5%) with CPS &lt; 1. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant therapy with combination of Toripalimab, albumin paclitaxel, and cisplatin in resectable OSCC patients is safe and well-tolerated, with high MPR rate. Clinical trial information: NCT04473716.
Transferability of genetic risk scores in African populations
Authors: Abram B. Kamiza, Sounkou M. Toure, Marijana Vujkovic, Tafadzwa Machipisa, Opeyemi S. Soremekun, Christopher Kintu, Manuel Corpas, Fraser Pirie, Elizabeth Young, Dipender Gill, Manjinder S. Sandhu, Pontiano Kaleebu, Moffat Nyirenda, Ayesha A. Motala, Tinashe Chikowore, Segun Fatumo
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)

Abstract The poor transferability of genetic risk scores (GRSs) derived from European ancestry data in diverse populations is a cause of concern. We set out to evaluate whether GRSs derived from data of African American individuals and multiancestry data perform better in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) compared to European ancestry-derived scores. Using summary statistics from the Million Veteran Program (MVP), we showed that GRSs derived from data of African American individuals enhance polygenic prediction of lipid traits in SSA compared to European and multiancestry scores. However, our GRS prediction varied greatly within SSA between the South African Zulu (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), R 2 = 8.14%) and Ugandan cohorts (LDL-C, R 2 = 0.026%). We postulate that differences in the genetic and environmental factors between these population groups might lead to the poor transferability of GRSs within SSA. More effort is required to optimize polygenic prediction in Africa.
Trends in oncological disease burden: A comparative study between higher and lower-middle-income countries.
Authors: Georgina Helen Hanbury, Chinmay Jani, Nour Abdallah, Joseph Shalhoub, Justin D Salciccioli, Dominic C Marshall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

10560 Background: Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Ten million cancer-related deaths were recorded in 2020, a rise of 66% over the preceding two decades. Malignancies of the breast, lung, prostate and colon account for over 40% of new cancer diagnoses worldwide. This study observes trends in oncological disease burden among higher (HIC’s) and lower-middle-income countries (LMIC’s) between 2000 and 2019. Methods: Mortality to incidence ratios (MIR) were calculated using the Global Burden of Disease database by extracting age standardized mortality and incidence rates per 100 000 for breast, lung, prostate and colorectal cancer for the years 2000-2019. The European Union (EU) 15+ countries were taken to represent HIC’s. 8 of the LMIC’s in the World Bank group were included as their data quality rating was 3/5 or higher. This cohort comprised Egypt, Sri Lanka, Ukraine, El Salvador, Republic of Moldova, Philippines, Kyrgyzstan and Nicaragua. Breast, lung, colorectal and prostate cancer were included as the tumor types with highest global incidence. Median MIR (with interquartile range) were computed for each LMIC and EU15+ groups for males and females for each of the four tumor types. Results: Between 2000 and 2019 median MIR for the LMIC group was higher than for EU15+ group for all four cancer types in males and females. Wilcoxon rank sum of the 2019 data showed a statistically significant difference (p &lt;0.001) in MIR between HIC’s and LMIC’s (table 1). For breast, prostate and colorectal cancer the difference in median MIR between LMIC group and EU15+ decreased over the observation period, for lung cancer the difference increased. Conclusions: Globally there are wide geographical variations in MIR. Cancer outcomes appear consistently worse in LMIC’s compared to HIC’s. Availability of cancer screening, access to treatment and risk-factor prevalence may contribute to the above trends. Identifying these regional disparities provides an opportunity to target resource allocation to regions that would derive the greatest benefit. [Table: see text]
FDG PET/CT in a Case With Cellular Schwannoma of the Kidney
Authors: Zhongfei Yu, Jian Zhang, Aisheng Dong, Yuzhao Zhu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Schwannoma of the kidney is exceedingly rare. We describe contrast-enhanced CT and FDG PET/CT findings in a case with renal cellular schwannoma. Contrast-enhanced CT showed the enhancing tumor was located in the anterior middle portion of the left kidney, encasing the renal vessels and compressing the renal pelvis. The tumor showed inhomogeneous FDG uptake with SUV max of 8.6 mimicking renal cell carcinoma. This case indicates renal schwannoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of FDG-avid renal lesions.
Factors associated with CDK 4/6 inhibitor use for patients with advanced, hormone positive, HER-2-negative breast cancer.
Authors: Christine B. Weldon, Julia R. Trosman, Xi Li, William John Gradishar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

e13038 Background: “CDK4/6 inhibitors have emerged as a standard of care for patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer.” Wayne Kuznar ASCO Reading Room 10.29.2019. Within an academic institution there were concerns that CDK 4/6 inhibitors were not utilized as indicated. We conducted an analysis of CDK 4/6 inhibitor use for patients with advanced, hormone positive, HER2 negative breast cancer to assess factors associated with CDK 4/6 inhibitor use. Methods: We conducted a retrospective medical records review of patients treated at an academic medical center from 01/1/2015 to 9/30/2020 with stage IV, hormone positive and HER2 negative breast cancer. We compared characteristics for patients that received one or more CDK 4/6 inhibitors to those who did not receive any CDK 4/6 inhibitors. Statistical analysis used Fishers exact 2-sided test via GraphPad QuickCalcs website. Results: 162 patient records met inclusion criteria, 73% (119/162) received one or more CDK 4/6 inhibitors as part of their care. The average age of patients who received CDK 4/6 inhibitors was 59.9, as compared to 66.9 average age in patients who did not receive CDK 4/6 inhibitors. Patients who received CDK 4/6 inhibitors were more likely to have received chemotherapy (Table, p &lt; 0.0001), have a family history of cancer (p &lt; 0.0001) and have a Charlson comorbidity index of 5 or more (p = 0.0005). Patients receiving CDK 4/6 inhibitors trended more likely to have used tobacco at some point (p = 0.09). Patients who did not receive CDK 4/6 were more likely to have refused, moved or be in hospice (p = 0.003). There were no statistically significant differences based on patient status, timing of diagnosis or timing of first hormone receptor positive dose. Further analysis of the 27% (43/162) of patients not receiving CDK 4/6 inhibitors identified that 40% (17/43) died, 28% (12/43) had Charlson comorbidity score of 7 or more, 19% (8/43) refused treatment. The remaining 14% (6/43), 4% (6/162) of entire population, did not have a clear reason for not getting CDK 4/6 inhibitors, of those 4 received hormone therapy, 1 received chemotherapy and 1 received both. Conclusions: In a retrospective analysis of patient records, we found consistent use of CDK 4/6 inhibitors for indicated patients. Patients who did not receive CDK 4/6 inhibitors died, had a high co-morbidity index, or refused treatment. Only 4% of the population analyzed did not have a visible reason to not receive CDK 4/6 inhibitors.[Table: see text]
Kidney tumor malignancy prediction based on 3D MSCT morphometry data
Authors: A.Z. Vinarov, D.N. Fiev, A. Proskura, E. Sirota, V. Kozlov, M.M. Chernenkiy, K.B. Puzakov, A. Tarasov, C. Azilgareeva, A. Shpikina, P. Glybochko
Journal: European Urology (2022)
The predictive value of YAP-1 for efficacy of immunotherapy among patients with ES-SCLC.
Authors: Yuqing Chen, Xu-Hui Guan, Ling-Ling Gao, Ling-Cong Kong, Huan Yang, Xiao-Cheng Lin, Mei-Mei Fang, Yu-Fa Li, Xuchao Zhang, Hui-Ying Liang, Jin-Ji Yang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

8578 Background: IMpower133 showed benefits in both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of etoposide/carboplatin plus atezolizumab (ECT) regimen in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), but the absolute benefit was limited. Previous studies have classified SCLC patients by RNA-seq clustering analysis to explore the dominant population for treatment, but was difficult for clinical application. We aimed to explore whether expressive status of Yes-Associated Protein 1 (YAP-1) can screen dominant population of immunotherapy among ES-SCLC patients. Methods: We selected ES-SCLC patients treated in our hospital from Jan, 2018 to Jul, 2021, and enrolled 21 patients with ES-SCLC received ECT regimen whose formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded sample was reachable. Assessments of complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), disease stable (SD) and progressive disease (PD) were according to the efficacy evaluation criteria of solid tumor (RECIST) version 1.1. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of YAP-1 (ET1608-30, 1/100) was conducted. The H-score was calculated by IHC Profiler. All statistical analyses were evaluated using SPSS 22.0, X-tile 3.6.1, and Excel. P values &lt; 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Baseline information was provided in table. The median H-score of responders (CR/PR patients) and non-responders were 13.97 (95%CI: 8.97-16.30) and 23.72 (95%CI: 8.13-75.40) that were significantly different (P＜0.05). H-score and PFS showed negative correlation by spearman (r = -0.603). Patients were divided into two groups as low expression group (H-score ≤25.00, n = 16) and high expression group (H-score ＞25.00, n = 5) according to the cut-off value of H-score. The median PFS of these two groups were 7.1m (95%CI: 2.6-11.6m) and 3.4m (95%CI: 0.9-5.9m), respectively. K-M curves of PFS were significantly different (P＜0.05). Conclusions: Our preliminary results have indicated a potential efficacy predictive value of YAP-1 protein. And the expression level of YAP-1 protein was negatively correlated with efficacy of ECT in ES-SCLC patients. [Table: see text]