tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adverse childhood experiences and adolescent cannabis use trajectories: findings from a longitudinal UK birth cohort
Authors: Lindsey A Hines, Hannah J Jones, Matthew Hickman, Michael Lynskey, Laura D Howe, Stan Zammit, Jon Heron
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2023)

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are classically defined as physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, bullying, parental substance use or abuse, violence between parents, parental mental health problems or suicide, parental separation, or a parent convicted of criminal offence. Exposure to ACEs can be associated with cannabis use, but no comparisons across all adversities have been made while also considering timing and frequency of cannabis use. We aimed to explore the association between ACEs and cannabis use timing and frequency in adolescence, considering the cumulative number of ACEs and individual ACEs.MethodsWe used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a longitudinal UK birth cohort study. Longitudinal latent classes of cannabis use frequency were derived from self-reported data at multiple timepoints in participants aged 13–24 years. ACEs between ages 0 years and 12 years were derived from prospective and retrospective reports at multiple timepoints by parents and the participant. Multinomial regression was used to analyse the effect of both cumulative exposure to all ACEs and the ten individual ACEs on cannabis use outcomes.Findings5212 participants (3132 [60·0%] were female and 2080 [40·0%] were male; 5044 [96·0%] were White and 168 [4·0%] were Black, Asian, or minority ethnic) were included in this study. After adjustment for polygenic risk and environmental risk factors, participants who had 4 or more ACEs at age 0–12 years were at increased risk of early persisting regular cannabis use (relative risk ratio [RRR] 3·15 [95% CI 1·81–5·50]), later onset regular use (1·99 [1·14–3·74]), and early persisting occasional use (2·55 [1·74–3·73]) compared with low or no cannabis use. After adjustment, early persisting regular use was associated with parental substance use or abuse (RRR 3·90 [95% CI 2·10–7·24]), parental mental health problems (2·02 [1·26–3·24]), physical abuse (2·27 [1·31–3·98]), emotional abuse (2·44 [1·49–3·99]), and parental separation (1·88 [1·08–3·27]) compared with low or no cannabis use.InterpretationRisks for problematic adolescent cannabis use are highest for individuals reporting 4 or more ACEs, and were particularly raised for those with parental substance use or abuse. Public health measures to address ACEs might reduce adolescent cannabis use.FundingThe Wellcome Trust, UK Medical Research Council, Alcohol Research UK.
Risk of arrhythmia among new users of hydroxychloroquine: comment on the article by Hoque et al
Authors: Julianna Desmarais, James T Rosenbaum, Mark Link, Richard Kovacs
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2023)

Disclosure Form Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
CDKN2A deletion remodels lipid metabolism to prime glioblastoma for ferroptosis
Authors: Jenna K. Minami, Danielle Morrow, Nicholas A. Bayley, Elizabeth G. Fernandez, Jennifer J. Salinas, Christopher Tse, Henan Zhu, Baolong Su, Rhea Plawat, Anthony Jones, Alessandro Sammarco, Linda M. Liau, Thomas G. Graeber, Kevin J. Williams, Timothy F. Cloughesy, Scott J. Dixon, Steven J. Bensinger, David A. Nathanson
Journal: Cancer Cell (2023)

Malignant tumors exhibit heterogeneous metabolic reprogramming, hindering the identification of translatable vulnerabilities for metabolism-targeted therapy. How molecular alterations in tumors promote metabolic diversity and distinct targetable dependencies remains poorly defined. Here we create a resource consisting of lipidomic, transcriptomic, and genomic data from 156 molecularly diverse glioblastoma (GBM) tumors and derivative models. Through integrated analysis of the GBM lipidome with molecular datasets, we identify CDKN2A deletion remodels the GBM lipidome, notably redistributing oxidizable polyunsaturated fatty acids into distinct lipid compartments. Consequently, CDKN2A-deleted GBMs display higher lipid peroxidation, selectively priming tumors for ferroptosis. Together, this study presents a molecular and lipidomic resource of clinical and preclinical GBM specimens, which we leverage to detect a therapeutically exploitable link between a recurring molecular lesion and altered lipid metabolism in GBM.
Sodium Bicarbonate Treatment and Vascular Function in CKD: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Jessica Kendrick, Zhiying You, Emily Andrews, Heather Farmer-Bailey, Kerrie Moreau, Michel Chonchol, Cortney Steele, Wei Wang, Kristen L. Nowak, Nayana Patel
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2023)

Significance Statement Lower serum bicarbonate levels, even within the normal range, are strongly linked to risks of cardiovascular disease in CKD, possibly by modifying vascular function. In this randomized, controlled trial, treatment with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) did not improve vascular endothelial function or reduce arterial stiffness in participants with CKD stage 3b–4 with normal serum bicarbonate levels. In addition, NaHCO 3 treatment did not reduce left ventricular mass index. NaHCO 3 did increase plasma bicarbonate levels and urinary citrate excretion and reduce urinary ammonium excretion, indicating that the intervention was indeed effective. NaHCO 3 therapy was safe with no significant changes in BP, weight, or edema. These results do not support the use of NaHCO 3 for vascular dysfunction in participants with CKD. Background Lower serum bicarbonate levels, even within the normal range, are strongly linked to risks of cardiovascular disease in CKD, possibly by modifying vascular function. Prospective interventional trials with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) are lacking. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial examining the effect of NaHCO 3 on vascular function in 109 patients with CKD stage 3b–4 (eGFR 15–44 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ) with normal serum bicarbonate levels (22–27 mEq/L). Participants were randomized 1:1 to NaHCO 3 or placebo at a dose of 0.5 mEq/lean body weight-kg per day for 12 months. The coprimary end points were change in brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and change in aortic pulse wave velocity over 12 months. Results Ninety patients completed this study. After 12 months, plasma bicarbonate levels increased significantly in the NaHCO 3 group compared with placebo (mean [SD] difference between groups 1.35±2.1, P = 0.003). NaHCO 3 treatment did not result in a significant improvement in aortic pulse wave velocity from baseline. NaHCO 3 did result in a significant increase in flow-mediated dilation after 1 month; however, this effect disappeared at 6 and 12 months. NaHCO 3 resulted in a significant increase in 24-hour urine citrate and pH and a significant decrease in 24-hour urine ammonia. There was no significant change in left ventricular mass index, ejection fraction, or eGFR with NaHCO 3 . NaHCO 3 treatment was safe and well-tolerated with no significant changes in BP, antihypertensive medication, weight, plasma calcium, or potassium levels. Conclusion Our results do not support the use of NaHCO 3 for vascular dysfunction in participants with CKD and normal serum bicarbonate levels.
Towards a better mucolytic
Authors: Burton F. Dickey, Christopher M. Evans
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2023)

<b>MUC-031 improved biophysical properties of CF mucus <i>ex vivo</i>, and cleared mucus plugs and decreased airway inflammation in the mouse muco-obstructive lung disease model of airway surface liquid depletion.</b>https://bit.ly/42QBIMz
Potential for Recurrent Mpox Outbreaks Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men — United States, 2023
Authors: Emily D. Pollock, Patrick A. Clay, Adrienne Keen, Dustin W. Currie, Rosalind J. Carter, Laura A. S. Quilter, Adi V. Gundlapalli, Jonathan Mermin, Ian H. Spicknall
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2023)

More than 30,000 monkeypox (mpox) cases have been diagnosed in the United States since May 2022, primarily among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) (1,2). In recent months, diagnoses have declined to one case per day on average. However, mpox vaccination coverage varies regionally, suggesting variable potential risk for mpox outbreak recurrence (3). CDC simulated dynamic network models representing sexual behavior among MSM to estimate the risk for and potential size of recurrent mpox outbreaks at the jurisdiction level for 2023 and to evaluate the benefits of vaccination for preparedness against mpox reintroduction. The risk for outbreak recurrence after mpox reintroduction is linearly (inversely) related to the proportion of MSM who have some form of protective immunity: the higher the population prevalence of immunity (from vaccination or natural infection), the lower the likelihood of recurrence in that jurisdiction across all immunity levels modeled. In contrast, the size of a potential recurrent outbreak might have thresholds: very small recurrences are predicted for jurisdictions with mpox immunity of 50%-100%; exponentially increasing sizes of recurrences are predicted for jurisdictions with 25%-50% immunity; and linearly increasing sizes of recurrences are predicted for jurisdictions with <25% immunity. Among the 50 jurisdictions examined, 15 are predicted to be at minimal risk for recurrence because of their high levels of population immunity. This analysis underscores the ongoing need for accessible and sustained mpox vaccination to decrease the risk for and potential size of future mpox recurrences.
Early Versus Delayed Feeding in Patients With Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Valerie M. Vaughn, Dmitry Shuster, Mary A.M. Rogers, Jason Mann, Marisa L. Conte, Sanjay Saint, Vineet Chopra
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2017)

Background: Acute pancreatitis is among the most common and costly reasons for hospitalization in the United States. Bowel rest, pain control, and intravenous fluids are the cornerstones of treatment, but early feeding might also be beneficial. Purpose: To compare length of hospital stay, mortality, and readmission in adults hospitalized with pancreatitis who received early versus delayed feeding. Data Sources: MEDLINE via Ovid, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Web of Science through January 2017. Study Selection: Two authors independently reviewed and selected studies if they were randomized clinical trials, included adults hospitalized with acute pancreatitis, and compared early versus delayed feeding (≤48 vs. >48 hours after hospitalization). Data Extraction: Two investigators independently extracted study data and rated risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Data Synthesis: Eleven randomized trials (8 peer-reviewed publications, 3 abstract-only presentations) that included 948 patients were eligible. Seven trials (3 with low risk of bias) enrolled patients with mild to moderate pancreatitis. Four trials (1 with low risk of bias) included patients with predicted severe pancreatitis. Routes used for early feeding included oral (4 studies), nasogastric (2 studies), nasojejunal (4 studies), and oral or nasoenteric (1 study). Among patients with mild to moderate pancreatitis, early feeding was associated with reduced length of stay in 4 of 7 studies (including 2 of 3 with low risk of bias). Other outcomes were heterogeneous and variably reported, but no study showed an increase in adverse events with early feeding. Among patients with severe pancreatitis, limited evidence revealed no statistically significant difference in outcomes between early and delayed feeding. Limitation: Heterogeneity of feeding protocols and outcomes, scant data, and unclear or high risk of bias in several studies. Conclusion: Limited data suggest that early feeding in patients with acute pancreatitis does not seem to increase adverse events and, for patients with mild to moderate pancreatitis, may reduce length of hospital stay. Primary Funding Source: None. (PROSPERO: CRD42015016193)
Correction: Integrated analysis of next generation sequencing minimal residual disease (MRD) and PET scan in transplant eligible myeloma patients
Authors: Rodrigo Fonseca, Mariano Arribas, Julia E. Wiedmeier-Nutor, Yael N. Kusne, Miguel González Vélez, Heidi E. Kosiorek, Richard J. Butterfield, Ilan R. Kirsch, Joseph R. Mikhael, A. Keith Stewart, Craig Reeder, Jeremy Larsen, P. Leif Bergsagel, Rafael Fonseca
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2023)

and error in Figure 4, "Kaplan Meier curves for time to next treatment (TTNT) according to sequential MRD measurements".The figure should have displayed only patients who had MRD taken at least 1 year apart (as defined by IMWG), but instead it incorrectly included an additional 8 patients with sequential measurements taken only at least 6 months apart.The correct figure shows results based on the first MRD taken at least 1 year apart following day 100 evaluation, and should have appeared as below
Predictors of long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection of early gastric neoplasia in the West: a multicenter study
Authors: Pradeep Bhandari, Mohamed Abdelrahim, Asma A. Alkandari, Piera Alessia Galtieri, Marco Spadaccini, Stefan Groth, Nastazja D. Pilonis, Sharmila Subhramaniam, Kesavan Kandiah, Ejaz Hossain, Sophie Arndtz, Paul Bassett, Katie Siggens, Hein Htet, Roberta Maselli, Michal F. Kaminski, Stefan Seewald, Alessandro Repici
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

This study aimed to determine long-term outcomes of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in Western settings based on the latest Japanese indication criteria, and to examine predictors of outcomes and complications.Data were collected from consecutive patients undergoing gastric ESD at four participating centers from 2009 to 2021. Retrospective analysis using logistic regression and survival analysis was performed.415 patients were included (mean age 71.7 years; 56.4 % male). Absolute indication criteria (2018 guideline) were met in 75.3 % of patients. Median follow-up was 52 months. Post-resection histology was adenocarcinoma, high grade dysplasia, and low grade dysplasia in 49.9 %, 22.7 %, and 17.1 %, respectively. Perforation, early and delayed bleeding occurred in 2.4 %, 4.3 %, and 3.4 %, respectively. Rates of en bloc and R0 resection, and recurrence on first endoscopic follow-up were 94.7 %, 83.4 %, and 2.7 %, respectively. Relative indication (2018 guideline) for ESD was associated with R1 outcome (P = 0.02). Distal location (P = 0.002) and increased procedure time (P = 0.04) were associated with bleeding, and scarring (P = 0.009) and increased procedure duration (P = 0.003) were associated with perforation. Recurrence-free survival at 2 and 5 years was 94 % and 83 %, respectively.This is the largest Western multicenter cohort and suggests that gastric ESD is safe and effective in the Western setting. A quarter of patients fell outside the new absolute indications for ESD, suggesting that Western practice involves more advanced lesions. We identified the predictors of complications, which should help to inform future Western practice and research.
Mutant phosphodiesterase 3A protects the kidney from hypertension-induced damage
Authors: Anastasiia Sholokh, Stephan Walter, Lajos Markó, Brandon J. McMurray, Daniele Yumi Sunaga-Franze, Minze Xu, Kerstin Zühlke, Michael Russwurm, Theda U.P. Bartolomaeus, Reika Langanki, Fatimunnisa Qadri, Arnd Heuser, Andreas Patzak, Sofia K. Forslund, Sylvia Bähring, Tatiana Borodina, Pontus B. Persson, Philipp G. Maass, Michael Bader, Enno Klussmann
Journal: Kidney International (2023)
Reply to Dioscoridi et al.
Authors: Marcelo Simas de Lima, Adriana Vaz Safatle-Ribeiro, Fauze Maluf-Filho
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

See also: Comments on „Tube-in-tube endoscopic vacuum therapy for the closure of upper gastrointestinal fistulas, leaks, and perforations”Endoscopy 2023; 55(06): 586-586DOI: 10.1055/a-2021-0067
Endoscopy International Open – recently published
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Comment on: Percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy (PEN) for treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysisEndosc Int Open 2023; 11(03): E258-E267DOI: 10.1055/a-1935-4738 Comment on: Who will excel in advanced endoscopy? A study assessing the criteria and perceptions of experts with regard to selection of ERCP and EUS traineesEndosc Int Open 2023; 11(03): E268-E275DOI: 10.1055/a-2017-3827 Comment on: Safety of endoscopic pancreatic necrosectomy compared with percutaneous and surgical necrosectomy: a nationwide inpatient studyEndosc Int Open 2023; 11(04): E330-E339DOI: 10.1055/a-1994-6214
Children deserve simple, short, safe, and effective treatment for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Anthony J Garcia-Prats, Graeme Hoddinott, Pauline Howell, Jennifer Hughes, Patrick Jean-Philippe, Soyeon Kim, Megan Palmer, H Simon Schaaf, James A Seddon, Elin Svensson, Anneke C Hesseling
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2023)
CPX-351 in higher risk myelodysplastic syndrome and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia: a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 study
Authors: Pierre Peterlin, Yannick Le Bris, Pascal Turlure, Patrice Chevallier, Audrey Ménard, Marie-Pierre Gourin, Pierre-Yves Dumas, Sylvain Thepot, Ana Berceanu, Sophie Park, Marie-Anne Hospital, Thomas Cluzeau, Simon Bouzy, Jose-Miguel Torregrosa-Diaz, Louis Drevon, Rosa Sapena, Fatiha Chermat, Lionel Ades, Sophie Dimicoli-Salazar, Sylvie Chevret, Marie-Christine Béné, Pierre Fenaux
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2023)
Endoscopy E-Videos – recently published
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Comment on: Lumen-apposing metal stent gastrojejunostomy for biliary drainage of an obstructive biliodigestive anastomosisEndoscopy 2023; 55(S 01): E336-E337DOI: 10.1055/a-1986-7377 Comment on: Transcolonic lumen-apposing metal stent placement complicating a palliative endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomyEndoscopy 2023; 55(S 01): E370-E372DOI: 10.1055/a-1996-0346 Comment on: A novel peroral pancreatoscopy combined endoscopic ultrasonography-assisted rendezvous procedure: a new strategy for bridging disconnected pancreatic duct syndromeEndoscopy 2023; 55(S 01): E366-E367DOI: 10.1055/a-1996-0279 Comment on: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided rendezvous technique in a transduodenal long endoscopic position using a 22 G needle combined with a novel 0.018-inch guidewireEndoscopy 2023; 55(S 01): E379-E381DOI: 10.1055/a-1997-0460
Comments on „Tube-in-tube endoscopic vacuum therapy for the closure of upper gastrointestinal fistulas, leaks, and perforations”
Authors: Lorenzo Dioscoridi, Massimiliano Mutignani, Francesco Pugliese, Giulia Bonato, Marcello Cintolo, Marianna Bravo, Edoardo Forti
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

See also: Tube-in-tube endoscopic vacuum therapy for the closure of upper gastrointestinal fistulas, leaks, and perforations Endoscopy 2022; 54(10): 980-986DOI: 10.1055/a-1774-4630 See also: Reply to Dioscoridi et al.Endoscopy 2023; 55(06): 587-587DOI: 10.1055/a-2021-0117
Reducing health inequalities through general practice
Authors: Anna Gkiouleka, Geoff Wong, Sarah Sowden, Clare Bambra, Rikke Siersbaek, Sukaina Manji, Annie Moseley, Rebecca Harmston, Isla Kuhn, John Ford
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2023)

Although general practice can contribute to reducing health inequalities, existing evidence provides little guidance on how this reduction can be achieved. We reviewed interventions influencing health and care inequalities in general practice and developed an action framework for health professionals and decision makers. We conducted a realist review by searching MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for systematic reviews of interventions into health inequality in general practice. We then screened the studies in the included systematic reviews for those that reported their outcomes by socioeconomic status or other PROGRESS-Plus (Cochrane Equity Methods Group) categories. 159 studies were included in the evidence synthesis. Robust evidence on the effect of general practice on health inequalities is scarce. Focusing on common qualities of interventions, we found that to reduce health inequalities, general practice needs to be informed by five key principles: involving coordinated services across the system (ie, connected), accounting for differences within patient groups (ie, intersectional), making allowances for different patient needs and preferences (ie, flexible), integrating patient worldviews and cultural references (ie, inclusive), and engaging communities with service design and delivery (ie, community-centred). Future work should explore how these principles can inform the organisational development of general practice.
Association between reactogenicity and immunogenicity after BNT162b2 booster vaccination: a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study
Authors: Anselm Jorda, Felix Bergmann, Robin Ristl, Helga Radner, Daniela Sieghart, Daniel Aletaha, Markus Zeitlinger
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2023)

A weak correlation between symptom severity and antibody levels after primary immunization against COVID-19 has already been shown. This study aimed to describe the association between reactogenicity and immunogenicity after booster vaccination.This secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study included 484 healthcare workers who received a booster vaccination with BNT162b2. Anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibodies were assessed at baseline and 28 days after booster vaccination. Side effects were graded (none, mild, moderate, or severe) and reported daily for 7 days after booster vaccination. Spearman correlation coefficient (rho) was used to determine the correlations between the severity of each symptom and anti-RBD levels before vaccination and 28 days after. The Bonferroni method was used to adjust p values for multiple comparisons.Most of the 484 participants reported at least one local (451 [93.2%]) or systemic (437 [90.3%]) post-booster symptom. No correlations between the severity of local symptoms and antibody levels were found. Except for nausea, systemic symptoms showed weak but statistically significant correlations with 28-day anti-RBD levels (fatigue [rho = 0.23, p < 0.01], fever [rho = 22, p < 0.01], headache [rho = 0.15, p 0.03], arthralgia [rho = 0.2, p < 0.01], myalgia [rho = 0.17, p < 0.01]). There was no association between post-booster symptoms and pre-booster antibody levels.This study showed only a weak correlation between the severity of systemic post-booster symptoms and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels at 28 days. Therefore, self-reported symptom severity cannot be used to predict immunogenicity after booster vaccination.