tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Air Pollution on Heart Failure: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yanhui Jia, Zhennan Lin, Zhi He, Chenyang Li, Youjing Zhang, Jingyu Wang, Fangchao Liu, Jianxin Li, Keyong Huang, Jie Cao, Xinyuan Gong, Xiangfeng Lu, Shufeng Chen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2023)

Heart failure (HF) poses a significant global disease burden. The current evidence on the impact of air pollution on HF remains inconsistent.We aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis to provide a more comprehensive and multiperspective assessment of the associations between short- and long-term air pollution exposure and HF from epidemiological evidences.Three databases were searched up to 31 August 2022 for studies investigating the association between air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, O3) and HF hospitalization, incidence, or mortality. A random effects model was used to derive the risk estimations. Subgroup analysis was conducted by geographical location, age of participants, outcome, study design, covered area, the methods of exposure assessment, and the length of exposure window. Sensitivity analysis and adjustment for publication bias were performed to test the robustness of the results.Of 100 studies covering 20 countries worldwide, 81 were for short-term and 19 were for long-term exposure. Almost all air pollutants were adversely associated with the risk of HF in both short- and long-term exposure studies. For short-term exposures, we found the risk of HF increased by 1.8% [relative risk (RR)=1.018, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.011, 1.025] and 1.6% (RR=1.016, 95% CI: 1.011, 1.020) per 10-μg/m3 increment of PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. HF was also significantly associated with NO2, SO2, and CO, but not O3. Positive associations were stronger when exposure was considered over the previous 2 d (lag 0-1) rather than on the day of exposure only (lag 0). For long-term exposures, there were significant associations between several air pollutants and HF with RR (95% CI) of 1.748 (1.112, 2.747) per 10-μg/m3 increment in PM2.5, 1.212 (1.010, 1.454) per 10-μg/m3 increment in PM10, and 1.204 (1.069, 1.356) per 10-ppb increment in NO2, respectively. The adverse associations of most pollutants with HF were greater in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of our results.Available evidence highlighted adverse associations between air pollution and HF regardless of short- and long-term exposure. Air pollution is still a prevalent public health issue globally and sustained policies and actions are called for to reduce the burden of HF. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11506.
Use of the Dermatology Life Quality Index suite of patient-reported outcome measures in skin-related neglected tropical diseases
Authors: Muhammad H Junejo, Isabella  Wolfe, Jaina  Patel, Emma  Duus, Oluwatobiloba  Oyebanji, Stephen L   Walker
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Skin-related neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect nearly 1 billion people worldwide, contributing to significant physical and psychological morbidity. The DLQI suite of patient-reported outcome measures is widely used to assess the impact of skin diseases on individuals’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL), but it has not been validated for use in skin-related NTDs. The new strategic framework for the control of skin-related NTDs identified the socioeconomic and mental health impact of skin NTDs as research gaps to be addressed. Robust assessments of HRQoL will be an essential part of this research and will require validated appropriate tools, including the DLQI.
In statin-intolerant adults with, or at risk for, CV disease, bempedoic acid reduced MACE at a median 41 mo
Authors: Michelle D. Kelsey, L. Kristin Newby
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Source Citation Nissen SE, Lincoff MA, Brennan D, et al; CLEAR Outcomes Investigators. Bempedoic acid and cardiovascular outcomes in statin-intolerant patients. N Engl J Med. 2023;388:1353-1364. 36876740
In adults at CV risk, Mediterranean-style or low-fat dietary programs vs. minimal interventions reduce all-cause mortality
Authors: Lenard I. Lesser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Source Citation Karam G, Agarwal A, Sadeghirad B, et al. Comparison of seven popular structured dietary programmes and risk of mortality and major cardiovascular events in patients at increased cardiovascular risk: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2023;380:e072003. 36990505
In type 1 diabetes, weekly basal insulin Fc was noninferior to daily insulin degludec for HbA<sub>1c</sub> at 26 wk
Authors: Michael J. Lockhart, Sean F. Dinneen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Source Citation Kazda CM, Bue-Valleskey JM, Chien J, et al. Novel once-weekly basal insulin Fc achieved similar glycemic control with a safety profile comparable to insulin degludec in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2023;46:1052-1059. 36920867
In CAD, treat-to-target statins were noninferior to high-intensity statins for a composite clinical outcome
Authors: Furio Colivicchi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Source Citation Hong SJ, Lee YJ, Lee SJ, et al; LODESTAR Investigators. Treat-to-target or high-intensity statin in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2023;329:1078-1087. 36877807
In ACS with multivessel CAD, immediate vs. staged complete revascularization was noninferior for a composite outcome at 1 y
Authors: Manoj Kesarwani
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Source Citation Diletti R, den Dekker WK, Bennett J, et al; BIOVASC Investigators. Immediate versus staged complete revascularisation in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome and multivessel coronary disease (BIOVASC): a prospective, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised trial. Lancet. 2023;401:1172-1182. 36889333
Which patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer benefit from docetaxel: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials
Authors: Claire L Vale, David J Fisher, Peter J Godolphin, Larysa H Rydzewska, Jean-Marie Boher, Sarah Burdett, Yu-Hui Chen, Noel W Clarke, Karim Fizazi, Gwenaelle Gravis, Nicholas D James, Glenn Liu, David Matheson, Laura Murphy, Robert E Oldroyd, Mahesh K B Parmar, Ewelina Rogozinska, Patrick Sfumato, Christopher J Sweeney, Matthew R Sydes, Bertrand Tombal, Ian R White, Jayne F Tierney
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2023)

Adding docetaxel to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) improves survival in patients with metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, but uncertainty remains about who benefits most. We therefore aimed to obtain up-to-date estimates of the overall effects of docetaxel and to assess whether these effects varied according to prespecified characteristics of the patients or their tumours.
In type 2 diabetes, weekly basal insulin Fc was noninferior to daily insulin degludec for HbA<sub>1c</sub> at 26 wk
Authors: Michael J. Lockhart, Sean F. Dinneen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Source Citation Bue-Valleskey JM, Kazda CM, Ma C, et al. Once-weekly basal insulin Fc demonstrated similar glycemic control to once-daily insulin degludec in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes: a phase 2 randomized control trial. Diabetes Care. 2023;46:1060-1067. 36944059
Causal chemoprophylactic activity of cabamiquine against Plasmodium falciparum in a controlled human malaria infection: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in the Netherlands
Authors: Johan L van der Plas, Vincent P Kuiper, Wilhelmina M Bagchus, Matthias Bödding, Özkan Yalkinoglu, Aliona Tappert, Andrea Seitzinger, Thomas Spangenberg, Deon Bezuidenhout, Justin Wilkins, Claude Oeuvray, Satish K Dhingra, Vandana Thathy, David A Fidock, Lisanne C A Smidt, Geert V T Roozen, Jan Pieter R Koopman, Olivia A C Lamers, Jeroen Sijtsma, Roos van Schuijlenburg, Els Wessels, Pauline Meij, Ingrid M C Kamerling, Meta Roestenberg, Akash Khandelwal
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2023)
Assisted documentation as a new focus for artificial intelligence in endoscopy: the precedent of reliable withdrawal time and image reporting
Authors: Thomas J. Lux, Zita Saßmannshausen, Ioannis Kafetzis, Philipp Sodmann, Katja Herold, Boban Sudarevic, Rüdiger Schmitz, Wolfram G. Zoller, Alexander Meining, Alexander Hann
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

BACKGROUND : Reliable documentation is essential for maintaining quality standards in endoscopy; however, in clinical practice, report quality varies. We developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based prototype for the measurement of withdrawal and intervention times, and automatic photodocumentation. METHOD: A multiclass deep learning algorithm distinguishing different endoscopic image content was trained with 10 557 images (1300 examinations, nine centers, four processors). Consecutively, the algorithm was used to calculate withdrawal time (AI prediction) and extract relevant images. Validation was performed on 100 colonoscopy videos (five centers). The reported and AI-predicted withdrawal times were compared with video-based measurement; photodocumentation was compared for documented polypectomies. RESULTS: Video-based measurement in 100 colonoscopies revealed a median absolute difference of 2.0 minutes between the measured and reported withdrawal times, compared with 0.4 minutes for AI predictions. The original photodocumentation represented the cecum in 88 examinations compared with 98/100 examinations for the AI-generated documentation. For 39/104 polypectomies, the examiners' photographs included the instrument, compared with 68 for the AI images. Lastly, we demonstrated real-time capability (10 colonoscopies). CONCLUSION : Our AI system calculates withdrawal time, provides an image report, and is real-time ready. After further validation, the system may improve standardized reporting, while decreasing the workload created by routine documentation.
Transcranial direct current stimulation as an additional treatment to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in adults with major depressive disorder in Germany (DepressionDC): a triple-blind, randomised, sham-controlled, multicentre trial
Authors: Gerrit Burkhardt, Ulrike Kumpf, Alexander Crispin, Stephan Goerigk, Elisabeth Andre, Christian Plewnia, Bettina Brendel, Andreas Fallgatter, Berthold Langguth, Mohamed Abdelnaim, Tobias Hebel, Claus Normann, Lukas Frase, Peter Zwanzger, Julia Diemer, Thomas Kammer, Carlos Schönfeldt-Lecuona, Daniel Kamp, Malek Bajbouj, Nora Behler, Anja Wilkening, Tabea Nenov-Matt, Esther Dechantsreiter, Daniel Keeser, Lucia Bulubas, Ulrich Palm, Christiane Blankenstein, Ulrich Mansmann, Peter Falkai, Andre R Brunoni, Alkomiet Hasan, Frank Padberg
Journal: The Lancet (2023)
A localizing nanocarrier formulation enables multi-target immune responses to multivalent replicating RNA with limited systemic inflammation
Authors: Taishi Kimura, Joseph M. Leal, Adrian Simpson, Nikole L. Warner, Bryan J. Berube, Jacob F. Archer, Stephanie Park, Ryan Kurtz, Troy Hinkley, Katrina Nicholes, Shibbu Sharma, Malcolm S. Duthie, Peter Berglund, Steven G. Reed, Amit P. Khandhar, Jesse H. Erasmus
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2023)

RNA vaccines possess significant clinical promise in counteracting human diseases caused by infectious or cancerous threats. Self-amplifying replicon RNA (repRNA) has been thought to offer the potential for enhanced potency and dose sparing. However, repRNA is a potent trigger of innate immune responses in vivo, which can cause reduced transgene expression and dose-limiting reactogenicity, as highlighted by recent clinical trials. Here, we report that multivalent repRNA vaccination, necessitating higher doses of total RNA, could be safely achieved in mice by delivering multiple repRNAs with a localizing cationic nanocarrier formulation (LION). Intramuscular delivery of multivalent repRNA by LION resulted in localized biodistribution accompanied by significantly upregulated local innate immune responses and the induction of antigen-specific adaptive immune responses in the absence of systemic inflammatory responses. In contrast, repRNA delivered by lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) showed generalized biodistribution, a systemic inflammatory state, an increased body weight loss, and failed to induce neutralizing antibody responses in a multivalent composition. These findings suggest that in vivo delivery of repRNA by LION is a platform technology for safe and effective multivalent vaccination through mechanisms distinct from LNP-formulated repRNA vaccines. RNA vaccines possess significant clinical promise in counteracting human diseases caused by infectious or cancerous threats. Self-amplifying replicon RNA (repRNA) has been thought to offer the potential for enhanced potency and dose sparing. However, repRNA is a potent trigger of innate immune responses in vivo, which can cause reduced transgene expression and dose-limiting reactogenicity, as highlighted by recent clinical trials. Here, we report that multivalent repRNA vaccination, necessitating higher doses of total RNA, could be safely achieved in mice by delivering multiple repRNAs with a localizing cationic nanocarrier formulation (LION). Intramuscular delivery of multivalent repRNA by LION resulted in localized biodistribution accompanied by significantly upregulated local innate immune responses and the induction of antigen-specific adaptive immune responses in the absence of systemic inflammatory responses. In contrast, repRNA delivered by lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) showed generalized biodistribution, a systemic inflammatory state, an increased body weight loss, and failed to induce neutralizing antibody responses in a multivalent composition. These findings suggest that in vivo delivery of repRNA by LION is a platform technology for safe and effective multivalent vaccination through mechanisms distinct from LNP-formulated repRNA vaccines.
Fractionated initial infusion and booster dose of ARI0002h, a humanised, BCMA-directed CAR T-cell therapy, for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (CARTBCMA-HCB-01): a single-arm, multicentre, academic pilot study
Authors: Aina Oliver-Caldés, Verónica González-Calle, Valentín Cabañas, Marta Español-Rego, Paula Rodríguez-Otero, Juan Luis Reguera, Lucía López-Corral, Beatriz Martin-Antonio, Aintzane Zabaleta, Susana Inogés, Sara Varea, Laura Rosiñol, Ascensión López-Díaz de Cerio, Natalia Tovar, Raquel Jiménez, Miriam López-Parra, Luis Gerardo Rodríguez-Lobato, Andrés Sánchez-Salinas, Eulàlia Olesti, Maria Calvo-Orteu, Julio Delgado, José Antonio Pérez-Simón, Bruno Paiva, Felipe Prósper, Joaquín Sáez-Peñataro, Manel Juan, José M Moraleda, María-Victoria Mateos, Mariona Pascal, Alvaro Urbano-Ispizua, Carlos Fernández de Larrea
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2023)
Annals On Call - Striving for Diagnostic Excellence
Authors: Robert M. Centor, Gurpreet Dhaliwal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Web ExclusivesJuly 2023Annals On Call - Striving for Diagnostic ExcellenceFREERobert M. Centor, MD, and Gurpreet Dhaliwal, MDRobert M. Centor, MDHuntsville Regional Medical Campus, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama (R.M.C.)Search for more papers by this author, and Gurpreet Dhaliwal, MDDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Medical Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California (G.D.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/A22-0013 CME/MOC SectionsAboutVisual Abstract ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In this episode of Annals On Call, Dr. Centor discusses strategies for improving diagnostic skills with Dr. Gurpreet Dhaliwal.Annals articles discussed include...Inpatient Notes: Diagnostic Excellence Starts With an Incessant Watch: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M17-2447About Annals On CallAnnals On Call focuses on a clinically influential article published in Annals of Internal Medicine. Dr. Robert Centor shares his own perspective on the material and interviews topic area experts to discuss, debate, and share diverse insights about patient care and health care delivery.For more information on Annals On Call and for more episodes, visit go.annals.org/OnCall. Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert M. Centor, MD; Gurpreet Dhaliwal, MDAffiliations: Huntsville Regional Medical Campus, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama (R.M.C.)Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Medical Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California (G.D.)Disclosures: All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated. Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=A22-0013.Editors' Disclosures: The editors have no relevant financial relationships to disclose. Individual forms may be viewed at www.annals.org/editorsdisclosures.This article was published at Annals.org on 4 July 2023. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoInpatient Notes: Diagnostic Excellence Starts With an Incessant Watch Gurpreet Dhaliwal Metrics July 2023Volume 176, Issue 7 ePublished: 4 July 2023 Issue Published: July 2023 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2023 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Performance of Rapid Antigen Tests to Detect Symptomatic and Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Apurv Soni, Carly Herbert, Honghuang Lin, Yi Yan, Caitlin Pretz, Pamela Stamegna, Biqi Wang, Taylor Orwig, Colton Wright, Seanan Tarrant, Stephanie Behar, Thejas Suvarna, Summer Schrader, Emma Harman, Chris Nowak, Vik Kheterpal, Lokinendi V. Rao, Lisa Cashman, Elizabeth Orvek, Didem Ayturk, Laura Gibson, Adrian Zai, Steven Wong, Peter Lazar, Ziyue Wang, Andreas Filippaios, Bruce Barton, Chad J. Achenbach, Robert L. Murphy, Matthew L. Robinson, Yukari C. Manabe, Shishir Pandey, Andres Colubri, Laurel O’Connor, Stephenie C. Lemon, Nisha Fahey, Katherine L. Luzuriaga, Nathaniel Hafer, Kristian Roth, Toby Lowe, Timothy Stenzel, William Heetderks, John Broach, David D. McManus
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

The performance of rapid antigen tests (Ag-RDTs) for screening asymptomatic and symptomatic persons for SARS-CoV-2 is not well established.To evaluate the performance of Ag-RDTs for detection of SARS-CoV-2 among symptomatic and asymptomatic participants.This prospective cohort study enrolled participants between October 2021 and January 2022. Participants completed Ag-RDTs and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2 every 48 hours for 15 days.Participants were enrolled digitally throughout the mainland United States. They self-collected anterior nasal swabs for Ag-RDTs and RT-PCR testing. Nasal swabs for RT-PCR were shipped to a central laboratory, whereas Ag-RDTs were done at home.Of 7361 participants in the study, 5353 who were asymptomatic and negative for SARS-CoV-2 on study day 1 were eligible. In total, 154 participants had at least 1 positive RT-PCR result.The sensitivity of Ag-RDTs was measured on the basis of testing once (same-day), twice (after 48 hours), and thrice (after a total of 96 hours). The analysis was repeated for different days past index PCR positivity (DPIPPs) to approximate real-world scenarios where testing initiation may not always coincide with DPIPP 0. Results were stratified by symptom status.Among 154 participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 97 were asymptomatic and 57 had symptoms at infection onset. Serial testing with Ag-RDTs twice 48 hours apart resulted in an aggregated sensitivity of 93.4% (95% CI, 90.4% to 95.9%) among symptomatic participants on DPIPPs 0 to 6. When singleton positive results were excluded, the aggregated sensitivity on DPIPPs 0 to 6 for 2-time serial testing among asymptomatic participants was lower at 62.7% (CI, 57.0% to 70.5%), but it improved to 79.0% (CI, 70.1% to 87.4%) with testing 3 times at 48-hour intervals.Participants tested every 48 hours; therefore, these data cannot support conclusions about serial testing intervals shorter than 48 hours.The performance of Ag-RDTs was optimized when asymptomatic participants tested 3 times at 48-hour intervals and when symptomatic participants tested 2 times separated by 48 hours.National Institutes of Health RADx Tech program.
Development and Validation of the Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Familial Risk Score to Detect Advanced Fibrosis: A Prospective, Multicenter Study
Authors: Daniel Q. Huang, Noora Ahlholm, Panu K. Luukkonen, Kimmo Porthan, Maral Amangurbanova, Egbert Madamba, Richele Bettencourt, Harris Siddiqi, Vanessa Cervantes, Christie Hernandez, Scarlett J. Lopez, Lisa Richards, Katriina Nemes, Helena Isoniemi, Hannele Yki-Järvinen, Rohit Loomba
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2023)
Demonstration Project of Long-Acting Antiretroviral Therapy in a Diverse Population of People With HIV
Authors: Monica Gandhi, Matthew Hickey, Elizabeth Imbert, Janet Grochowski, Francis Mayorga-Munoz, John D. Szumowski, Jon Oskarsson, Mary Shiels, John Sauceda, Jorge Salazar, Samantha Dilworth, Janet Q. Nguyen, David V. Glidden, Diane V. Havlir, Katerina A. Christopoulos
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Intramuscular cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine (RPV) is the only long-acting antiretroviral therapy (LA-ART) regimen approved for people with HIV (PWH). Long-acting ART holds promise for improving outcomes among populations with barriers to adherence but is only approved for PWH who have virologic suppression with use of oral ART before initiating injectables.
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 targets megalin in the kidney proximal tubule and aggravates proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Cecilie K. Skeby, Sandra Hummelgaard, Camilla Gustafsen, Federica Petrillo, Kathrine P. Frederiksen, Ditte Olsen, Tilde Kristensen, Per Ivarsen, Peder Madsen, Erik I. Christensen, Rikke Nielsen, Henrik Birn, Simon Glerup, Kathrin Weyer
Journal: Kidney International (2023)

Proteinuria is a prominent feature of chronic kidney disease. Interventions that reduce proteinuria slow the progression of chronic kidney disease and the associated risk of cardiovascular disease. Here, we propose a mechanistic coupling between proteinuria and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a regulator of cholesterol and a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. PCSK9 undergoes glomerular filtration and is captured by megalin, the receptor responsible for driving protein reabsorption in the proximal tubule. Accordingly, megalin-deficient mice and patients carrying megalin pathogenic variants (Donnai Barrow syndrome) were characterized by elevated urinary PCSK9 excretion. Interestingly, PCSK9 knockout mice displayed increased kidney megalin while PCSK9 overexpression resulted in its reduction. Furthermore, PCSK9 promoted trafficking of megalin to lysosomes in cultured proximal tubule cells, suggesting that PCSK9 is a negative regulator of megalin. This effect can be accelerated under disease conditions since either genetic destruction of the glomerular filtration barrier in podocin knockout mice or minimal change disease (a common cause of nephrotic syndrome) in patients resulted in enhanced tubular PCSK9 uptake and urinary PCSK9 excretion. Pharmacological PCSK9 inhibition increased kidney megalin while reducing urinary albumin excretion in nephrotic mice. Thus, glomerular damage increases filtration of PCSK9 and concomitantly megalin degradation, resulting in escalated proteinuria.