tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Less Hazardous Cigarette Debated
Authors: John Schumaker
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article "Toward Less Hazardous Cigarettes: Current Advances" by Gori and Lynch (240:1255, 1978) inThe Journalappears to have a number of serious deficiencies. An analysis of the data and the references cited in the article shows the following discrepancies: The basis for the computation of the "tolerable levels" of cigarettes that "would not significantly increase the risk to the smoker when compared to the nonsmoker" does not appear to be valid. In the initial article by Gori,<sup>1</sup>"Low-Risk Cigarettes: A Prescription," published in Science in 1976, the author develops the concept of "critical value," which is the basis for the computations on the tolerable levels of cigarettes. However, his computations of the critical values are based on assumptions that are not documented. These computations are not valid representations of the data analyzed. His assumptions for critical values have been criticized by a number of
Computer-assisted cranial tomography in early diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis
Authors: G. I. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE DIAGNOSIS of tuberous sclerosis is not difficult when the classic triad of seizures, adenoma sebaceum, and mental retardation is present.<sup>1,2</sup>In the infant or young child, skin lesions may not be present, and further diagnostic studies are necessary to establish the diagnosis. Computer-assisted cranial tomography (CT) is an important new noninvasive roentgenographic technique<sup>3</sup>that enhances diagnostic capabilities and delineates multiple factors useful in the management of patients with tuberous sclerosis. <h3>Patients and Methods</h3> The patient group consisted of five boys and six girls ranging in age from 8 months to 12 years. Each child was referred with a diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis. All were receiving varied combinations of antiseizure medications. The clinical features of the disease in these patients are summarized in Table 1. Laboratory evaluation included CT, a skull series, and an electroencephalogram. The technical aspects of CT have been described previously.<sup>4</sup>In brief, a narrow,
AN ISCHIOPAGUS
Authors: L. F. Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1927)

At 5 a. m., May 22, 1926, the Medich twins were born at home, attended by a midwife. Shortly after their birth, the attending physician was called on account of a maternal postpartum hemorrhage. On his arrival he observed the difficulty that the mother would have in caring for them, so advised that they be taken to the hospital for further care. The mother and father were both of Slavish extraction and had been in the United States several years. At the time of the birth of the twins the father was 26 years of age and the mother 24 years. They were both of the dark European type. Two other single births had occurred to the mother by the father, this being the first marriage. The previous children were both boys, aged 2 and 1 year, respectively. Deaths or stillbirths had not occurred. The mother was healthy in appearance, and the
Incidence of death during jogging in Rhode Island from 1975 through 1980
Authors: P. D. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In the six years from 1975 through 1980, a total of 12 men died during jogging in the state of Rhode Island. The cause of death in 11 was coronary heart disease (CHD). One man died of an acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The prevalence of jogging in the Rhode Island population was determined using a random-digit telephone survey. Among men aged 30 through 64 years, 7.4%±2.6% (mean±SE<sub>e</sub>) reported jogging at least twice a week. The incidence of death during jogging for men of this age group was one death per year for every 7,620 joggers, or approximately one death per 396,000 man-hours of jogging. This rate is seven times the estimated death rate from CHD during more sedentary activities in Rhode Island and suggests that exercise contributes to sudden death in susceptible persons. The occurrence of only one death per 7,620 joggers per year demonstrates that the risk of exercise is small and suggests that the routine exercise testing of healthy subjects before exercise training is not justified. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:2535-2538)
Humoral Immune Response During Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Anno Diegeler, Nicolas Doll, Thomas Rauch, Dorothea Haberer, Thomas Walther, Volkmar Falk, Jan Gummert, Rüdiger Autschbach, Friedrich-Wilhelm Mohr
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The introduction of limited approaches to the heart and the avoidance of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) aim to reduce the invasiveness of CABG by decreasing the systemic release of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8, as well as the anti-inflammatory agent IL-10. This study compares the humoral immune response in patients undergoing CABG with standard, minimally invasive, and “off-pump” techniques. Methods and Results —Thirty patients were divided into 3 operative groups: full sternotomy approach plus CPB (group A); full sternotomy approach, off pump (group B); and limited left anterior thoracotomy, off pump (group C). Plasma levels of TNF-α receptors p55 and p75, IL 6, IL-8, and IL-10 were taken at baseline, during CPB, and at 4, 24, and 48 hours and 6 days after surgery. A significant increased release of activated complement factors C5a and C3d, IL-8, and IL-10 was observed in patients subjected to CPB (group A) during the initial period and for a short time after perfusion ( P &lt;0.05). TNF-α receptors p55 and p75 showed a prolonged elevation (up to 48 hours) in the CPB group compared with the 2 off-pump groups. IL-6 showed no different release among the 3 surgical groups throughout the entire period. There was no significant difference in any parameter measured in relation to the type of operative approach. Conclusions —There is an inflammatory, as well as an anti-inflammatory, response during CABG that is related to the general surgical trauma. The release of immune mediators is enhanced by the use of CPB during various perioperative and postoperative phases. The type of operative approach did not influence this immune response.
Potential liability for transfusion-associated AIDS
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To theEditor.—</h3> The SPECIAL COMMUNICATION by Miller et al<sup>1</sup>on potential liability for transfusion-associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) deserves several comments. I would like to address one of them. Twice the authors make a recommendation concerning "directed donations" implying that they are safer than usual volunteer blood and that acceptance of them reduces liability for blood banks and physicians with regard to transfusion-associated AIDS. Although the second point seems to follow from the first, there are grave concerns with the premises underlying the first that need to be addressed. Virtually the entire blood banking community, including the American Red Cross, the American Association of Blood Banks, and the Council of Community Blood Centers, have gone on record as being opposed to directed donations, that is, blood donated specifically by friends and/or relatives for a specific patient. There are several reasons for this. First, the logistics ensuring that this blood
Recurrence of acromegaly after pituitary apoplexy
Authors: P. L. Werner
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A 62-year-old woman with a history of acromegaly and an episode of pituitary apoplexy 18 years previously with subsequent biochemical and clinical inactivity of her acromegaly experienced a recurrence of active disease. Endocrine evaluation led to the discovery of hypopituitarism in association with hypersecretion of growth hormone. Patients with acromegaly and an episode of pituitary apoplexy with resultant inactive disease require long-term follow-up for the possibility of recurrence of active acromegaly. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:2816-2818)
Abstract 13697: Reproductive Years and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Women: Insights From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
Authors: Hend Mansoor, Islam Y Elgendy, Richard Segal, Abraham Hartzema
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Prior studies show conflicting information regarding the association of reproductive year duration with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in older women. The aim of this study is to determine whether a longer duration of reproductive years in women in the US population is associated with a lower risk of CVDs. Methods: Females ≥ 60 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007-2012 were included. Subjects provided information about the age of both menarche and menopause as well as the presence/absence of CVD. Based on the reproductive year duration, participants were categorized into either a longer duration group (&gt; 30 years) or shorter duration group (≤ 30 years). Subgroup analysis for each 5-year increment in the longer reproductive duration group was conducted. Generalized linear model was used in the analysis and relative risk (RR) regression was performed. Sensitivity analysis was performed excluding events after 55 years. Results: 3,081 patients were included in the analysis. A longer duration of reproductive years was associated with a lower risk of CVD, compared to a shorter duration (RR 0.71, 95% CI (confidence interval) 0.56-0.83, p= 0.002). The reproductive durations ranging from 35-40 and 41-45 years were associated with lower risk of CVDs (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.51-0.68, p=0.002, and RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54-0.79, p=0.03, respectively); however; those ranging in age from 30-35 and over 45 years were not associated with lower risk of CVD (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.57-1.40, p=0.10, and RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.37-1.69, p=0.54, respectively). Sensitivity analysis excluding the events after 55 years yielded similar estimates (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.44-0.99, p=0.04). Conclusion: Longer duration of reproductive years was associated with lower risk of CVDs in older women. This effect was more evident in older women who had duration of reproductive years ranging from 35-45 years.
Vincristine Neurotoxicity
Authors: Thomas R. Chauncey
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We had occasion to see a patient who was severely disabled with bilateral foot drop and upper extremity weakness after having received a single dose of vincristine, 2 mg, and other nonneurotoxic medication three weeks earlier. Physical examination was suggestive of a previously inapparent Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> The patient was a 60-year-old white man diagnosed as having multiple myeloma in June 1983, who had received 15 cycles of melphalan and prednisone through December 1984, followed by local radiation therapy to the left chest wall and cervical spine. In February 1985, the patient received a single 2-mg dose of vincristine (ready-to-use solution) with 25 mg of doxorubicin and 80 mg of prednisone per day for four days. Approximately six days later, the patient reported increasing fatigue with ambulation, an unsteady gait, and decreased dexterity of the hands with paresthesia and hypesthesia of the distal upper
An exchange of ophthalmologists with the People's Republic of China
Authors: P. C. Wan
Journal: JAMA (1983)

From 1978 through 1981, three teams of ophthalmologists from the United States have traveled to the People's Republic of China under the auspices of the World Eye Foundation. The purpose of these visits has been to open an avenue of exchange between American and Chinese ophthalmologists. The US ophthalmologists delivered lectures and participated in discussion groups with the Chinese ophthalmologists. They had the opportunity to participate in surgical teaching cases, including some using acupuncture anesthesia. They also had the opportunity to develop ongoing working and research relationships with many Chinese ophthalmologists. As a result of these working relationships, some of these Chinese ophthalmologists have had the opportunity to visit and study in the United States. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:916-920)
HYPNOTISM AND INEBRIETY.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Are intravenous corticosteroids required in status asthmaticus?
Authors: D. Ratto
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Seventy-seven patients with status asthmaticus were prospectively studied to compare oral with intravenous methylprednisolone. Patients were given methylprednisolone, either 160 or 320 mg orally or 500 or 1000 mg intravenously, daily in equally divided doses. They were randomly assigned to either group on a daily sequential basis. Spirometry was performed within one hour of the initial dose of steroids. The mean presenting forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 26% of the predicted value. Spirometry was then repeated every six hours for the first 24 hours and then every eight to 12 hours until discharge or 72 hours, whichever occurred first. There were no significant differences in the incidence of respiratory failure, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, days of hospitalization, rate of improvement in pulmonary function, or side effects. No patient who went into respiratory failure did so more than three hours after receiving the initial dose of steroids. We conclude that oral methylprednisolone is safe and effective in the treatment of status asthmaticus. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:527-529)
EXTH-23. COMBINED EFFECTS OF NICLOSAMIDE AND TEMOZOLOMIDE AGAINST HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA TUMORSPHERES
Authors: Hyeong Cheol Oh, Jihwan Yoo, Jin-Kyoung Shim, Junseong Park, Ji-hyun Lee, Ran Joo Choi, Hyun sil Kim, Nam hee Kim, Ju Hyung Moon, Eui Hyun Kim, Jong Hee Chang, Seok-Gu Kang, Jong In Yook
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor and has poor survival outcomes, even after a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Temozolomide is the only agent that has been shown to be effective against GBM, suggesting that combination of temozolomide with other agents may be more effective. Niclosamide, an FDA approved anthelmintic agent, has shown anti-cancer effects against human colon, breast, prostate cancers as well as GBM. However, the efficacy of the combination of niclosamide with temozolomide against GBM tumorspheres (TSs) has not been determined. We hypothesized that the combined treatment could effectively suppress GBM TSs. METHODS Effects of niclosamide and/or temozolomide on GBM TSs were evaluated. Viability, stemness, and invasive properties of GBM TSs were examined. In vivo anticancer efficacy was tested in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model. RESULTS The combination of niclsoamide and temozolomide significantly inhibited the viability, sphere formation, expression of stemness-related proteins, and invasive properties of GBM TSs. This combination significantly down-regulated the expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition-related proteins. Bioluminescence imaging further showed that compared with either agent alone, combination of niclosamide and temozolomide significantly reduced the tumor burden in orthotopic xenograft models. CONCLUSIONS The combination of niclosamide and temozolomide effectively decreased the stemness and invasive properties of GBM TSs, suggesting that this regimen may be therapeutically effective in treating patients with GBM. KEYWORDS: Glioblastoma; Invasion; Niclosamide; Temozolomide; Tumorsphere
INHIBITION OF SALT EXCRETION BY CARBOHYDRATE
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
GASTRIC HEMORRHAGE.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Malignant Pleural Disease
Authors: Steven Jay Strober
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The effectiveness of external beam irradiation was evaluated in the control of nonlymphomatous malignant pleural disease, especially recurrent pleural effusion. Seventeen patients were treated by the 4-cm moving-strip technique. Fourteen had proven lung cancer and three had metastatic breast cancer. The data from 14 patients were analyzed. Ten patients demonstrated no reaccumulation or significant decrease in reaccumulation of pleural effusion. One patient had dramatic pain relief and disappearance of pleural lesions. These 11 patients were considered treatment successes. Three patients required more extensive treatment following radiotherapy and were considered treatment failures. These preliminary results show a control rate of approximately 80% and suggest that this technique offers a simple, safe, and effective means for controlling malignant pleural disease.
<i>QuickStats:</i> Cigarette Smoking Status* Among Current Adult E-cigarette Users,† by Age Group — National Health Interview Survey,§ United States, 2015
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

In 2015, 3.5% of U.S. adults were current e-cigarette users. Among adult e-cigarette users overall, 58.8% also were current cigarette smokers, 29.8% were former cigarette smokers, and 11.4% had never been cigarette smokers. Among current e-cigarette users aged ≥45 years, 98.7% were either current or former cigarette smokers, and 1.3% had never been cigarette smokers. In contrast, among current e-cigarette users aged 18-24 years, 40.0% had never been cigarette smokers.
Further Studies on the Toxicology of the Glycol Ethers with Emphasis on Rapid Screening and Hazard Assessment
Authors: J. E. Doe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The discovery that ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) could affect the testis and the developing fetus in laboratory animals prompted further work to understand the effect of EGME and to examine additional glycol ethers to see if they showed EGME's reprotoxicity. Propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) was shown not to cause testicular atrophy or to affect the development of rats at 600 ppm by inhalation, whereas EGME caused testicular atrophy at 300 ppm and showed teratogenic potential at 100 ppm. Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (diEGME) was found to show no teratogenic potential when administered subcutaneously in rats at up to 1000 microL/kg, whereas EGME had effects at 40 microL/kg. EGME has been shown to cause effects on the testis in rats after a single exposure to 600 ppm or above for 4 hr. The effects can be seen as little as 24 hr after exposure. Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGEE) also causes a reduction in testicular weight following a single exposure to saturated vapor for 3 hr (17 mg/l), but ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether (EGPE) at 15 mg/l and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE) at 4 mg/l showed no effect on the testis.
Benefit of Prophylactic Mastectomy for Women With<i>BRCA1</i>or<i>BRCA2</i>Mutations
Authors: Lesley-Ann Miller, Mendel E. Singer
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hospital Practitioner Grade
Authors: D. Bryant, R. N. Cates, G. E. Singer, C. D. Walker, R. France, K. M. Evans, J. Price, B. Henley, A. M. W. Porter, E. L. Smith, I. A. Key, M. S. Whitehouse, D. P. Mason, J. Summerhayes, J. Attenborough, J. Cule, W. J. May, V. C. Faber, R. E. Bergel, J. W. D. Drake-Lee, G. W. Hadfield, W. Whittingham, P. S. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1969)