tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Improving cancer immunotherapy by rationally combining oncolytic virus with modulators targeting key signaling pathways
Authors: Zhi Zhu, A. J. Robert McGray, Weijian Jiang, Binfeng Lu, Pawel Kalinski, Zong Sheng Guo
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2022)

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a new class of multi-modal immunotherapies for cancer, with OV-elicited antitumor immunity being key to their overall therapeutic efficacy. Currently, the clinical effectiveness of OV as monotherapy remains limited, and thus investigators have been exploring various combinations with other anti-cancer agents and demonstrated improved therapeutic efficacy. As cancer cells have evolved to alter key signaling pathways for enhanced cell proliferation, cancer progression and metastasis, these cellular and molecular changes offer promising targets for rational cancer therapy design. In this regard, key molecules in relevant signaling pathways for cancer cells or/and immune cells, such as EGFR-KRAS (e.g., KRASG12C), PI3K-AKT-mTOR, ERK-MEK, JAK-STAT, p53, PD-1-PD-L1, and epigenetic, or immune pathways (e.g., histone deacetylases, cGAS-STING) are currently under investigation and have the potential to synergize with OV to modulate the immune milieu of the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby improving and sustaining antitumor immunity. As many small molecule modulators of these signaling pathways have been developed and have shown strong therapeutic potential, here we review key findings related to both OV-mediated immunotherapy and the utility of small molecule modulators of signaling pathways in immuno-oncology. Then, we focus on discussion of the rationales and potential strategies for combining OV with selected modulators targeting key cellular signaling pathways in cancer or/and immune cells to modulate the TME and enhance antitumor immunity and therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we provide perspectives and viewpoints on the application of novel experimental systems and technologies that can propel this exciting branch of medicine into a bright future.
Cardiovascular outcomes in adults with hypertension with evening versus morning dosing of usual antihypertensives in the UK (TIME study): a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint clinical trial
Authors: Isla S Mackenzie, Amy Rogers, Neil R Poulter, Bryan Williams, Morris J Brown, David J Webb, Ian Ford, David A Rorie, Greg Guthrie, J W Kerr Grieve, Filippo Pigazzani, Peter M Rothwell, Robin Young, Alex McConnachie, Allan D Struthers, Chim C Lang, Thomas M MacDonald
Journal: The Lancet (2022)
Developing tuberculosis vaccines for people with HIV: consensus statements from an international expert panel
Authors: Maurine D Miner, Mark Hatherill, Vidya Mave, Glenda E Gray, Sharon Nachman, Sarah W Read, Richard G White, Anneke Hesseling, Frank Cobelens, Sheral Patel, Mike Frick, Theodore Bailey, Robert Seder, Joanne Flynn, Jyothi Rengarajan, Deepak Kaushal, Willem Hanekom, Alexander C Schmidt, Thomas J Scriba, Elisa Nemes, Erica Andersen-Nissen, Alan Landay, Susan E Dorman, Grace Aldrovandi, Lisa M Cranmer, Cheryl L Day, Alberto L Garcia-Basteiro, Andrew Fiore-Gartland, Robin Mogg, James G Kublin, Amita Gupta, Gavin Churchyard
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2022)
Generation of human iPSCs derived heart organoids structurally and functionally similar to heart
Authors: Seul-Gi Lee, Ye-Ji Kim, Mi-Young Son, Min-Seok Oh, Jin Kim, Bokyeong Ryu, Kyu-Ree Kang, Jieun Baek, Gujin Chung, Dong Ho Woo, C-Yoon Kim, Hyung Min Chung
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)
Transfusion practice in patients receiving VV ECMO (PROTECMO): a prospective, multicentre, observational study
Authors: Gennaro Martucci, Matthieu Schmidt, Cara Agerstrand, Ali Tabatabai, Fabio Tuzzolino, Marco Giani, Raj Ramanan, Giacomo Grasselli, Peter Schellongowski, Jordi Riera, Ali Ait Hssain, Thibault Duburcq, Vojka Gorjup, Gennaro De Pascale, Sarah Buabbas, Whitney D Gannon, Kyeongman Jeon, Brian Trethowan, Vito Fanelli, Juan I Chico, Martin Balik, Lars M Broman, Antonio Pesenti, Alain Combes, Marco V Ranieri, Giuseppe Foti, Hergen Buscher, Kenichi Tanaka, Roberto Lorusso, Antonio Arcadipane, Daniel Brodie, Gennaro Martucci, Antonio Arcadipane, Antonio Pesenti, Giacomo Grasselli, Matteo Brioni, Gennaro De Pascale, Luca Montini, Marco Giani, Giuseppe Foti, Linda Bosa, Pierfrancesco Curcio, Vito Fanelli, Eugenio Garofalo, Luis Martin-Villen, Raquel Garcìa-Álvarez, Marta Lopez Sanchez, Nuno Principe, Violeta Chica Saez, Juan Ignacio Chico, Vanesa Gomez, Joaquin Colomina-Climent, Jordi Riera, Andres Francisco Pacheco, Vojka Gorjup, Julien Goutay, Duburcq Thibault, Konstanty Szułdrzyński, Philipp Eller, Elisabeth Lobmeyr, Peter Schellongowski, Matthieu Schmidt, Alain Combes, Roberto Lorusso, Silvia Mariani, Marco V. Ranieri, Pavel Suk, Michal Maly, Martin Balik, Jakob Forestier, Lars Mikael Broman, Monica Rizzo, Fabio Tuzzolino, Kenichi Tanaka, Tyler Holsworth, Brian Trethowan, Alexis Serra, Cara Agerstrand, Dan Brodie, Yiorgos Alexandros Cavayas, Ali Tabatabai, Jay Menaker, Samuel Galvagno, Whitney D. Gannon, Todd W. Rice, Wilson E. Grandin, Jose Nunez, Collette Cheplic, Raj Ramanan, Ryan Rivosecchi, Young-Jae Cho, Sarah Buabbas, Kyeongman Jeon, Ming Chit Kwan, Hend Sallam, Joy Ann Villanueva, Jeffrey Aliudin, Ali Ait Hssain, Kota Hoshino, Yoshitaka Hara, Kollengode Ramanathan, Graeme Maclaren, Hergen Buscher
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2022)
Pembrolizumab With or Without Chemotherapy in Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Updated Results of the Phase III KEYNOTE-048 Study
Authors: Kevin J. Harrington, Barbara Burtness, Richard Greil, Denis Soulières, Makoto Tahara, Gilberto de Castro, Amanda Psyrri, Irene Brana, Neus Basté, Prakash Neupane, Åse Bratland, Thorsten Fuereder, Brett G.M. Hughes, Ricard Mesia, Nuttapong Ngamphaiboon, Tamara Rordorf, Wan Zamaniah Wan Ishak, Jianxin Lin, Burak Gumuscu, Ramona F. Swaby, Danny Rischin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

Pembrolizumab and pembrolizumab-chemotherapy demonstrated efficacy in recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in KEYNOTE-048. Post hoc analysis of long-term efficacy and progression-free survival on next-line therapy (PFS2) is presented.
Symptoms and Needs Monitoring in Diverse Ambulatory Oncology Patients: Usage Characteristics and Impact on Emergency Room Visits and Hospitalization
Authors: Akina Natori, Vandana Devika Sookdeo, Tulay Koru-Sengul, Matthew Schlumbrecht, Carmen L. Calfa, Jessica Maclntyre, Roberto M. Benzo, Patricia I. Moreno, Tracy E. Crane, Sofia F. Garcia, Frank J. Penedo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

Symptoms and needs monitoring using patient-reported outcomes (PRO) is associated with improved clinical outcomes in cancer care. However, these improvements have been observed predominantly in non-Hispanic White patients using English assessments with high completion rates. The documented impact of such monitoring on system-level outcomes including emergency room (ER) visits and hospitalizations remains limited. We explored factors affecting the completion of PRO measures and evaluated clinical outcomes in an ambulatory oncology setting with a diverse racial, ethnic, and linguistic population.
Correlation of Global and Regional Amyloid Burden by 18F-Florbetaben PET/CT With Cognitive Impairment Profile and Severity
Authors: Francisco José Pena Pardo, Ana María García Vicente, Mariano Amo-Salas, Beatriz Mondéjar Marín, Santiago Navarro Muñoz, Piedad García Hortelano, Ignacio Rueda Medina, Eloy García Pérez, Amanda Padilla-Bermejo, Víctor Manuel Poblete García, Carlos Marsal Alonso, Ángel Soriano Castrejón
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Purpose To assess the correlation between profile and severity deterioration in the neuropsychological assessment and the most affected regions in amyloid PET semiquantification. The influence of vascular risk and other potential confounding factors was also evaluated. Methods A retrospective, observational, and multicenter study including all patients referred for amyloid PET in daily practice was conducted. Patients underwent neuropsychological assessment, and cognitive decline severity and domain(s) affected were recorded. The patients were grouped according to cognitive impairment (CI) profile and severity: (A) no CI, single-domain amnestic CI, multiple-domain amnestic CI, and nonamnestic CI; and (B) mild CI, moderate and severe dementia. An adapted Framingham Stroke Risk Profile was calculated for each individual. Depression and parkinsonism were also recorded. Standardized quantitative analysis software was used to obtain standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) values from PET/CT images. The corresponding associations were assessed with the most appropriate statistical tests. Results One hundred twenty-nine patients were included (62 men, 67 women; 64.67 ± 7.47 years old). Significant differences in global and regional amyloid load were exclusively found in women between non-CI and moderate dementia ( P = 0.006, for total-cerebellum SUVR). Posterior and anterior cingulates and prefrontal cortex best represented CI severity ( P = 0.003, 0.006, and 0.006, respectively). No relationship between the CI profile and the regional amyloid load was shown. A significantly high positive correlation was found between age and vascular risk and between these variables and amyloid load in nearly all regions, especially in women with moderate dementia. Conclusion Semiquantitative analysis of amyloid PET by SUVR values revealed a significant correlation between amyloid burden and CI severity, although only in women.
68Ga-FAPI-04 Versus 18F-FDG PET/CT in Detection of Epithelioid Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Aisheng Dong, Bo Zhao, Chao Cheng, Changjing Zuo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

We describe 68 Ga-FAPI (fibroblast activation protein inhibitor)-04 and 18 F-FDG PET/CT findings in a case with epithelioid malignant pleural mesothelioma. Compared with 18 F-FDG PET/CT, 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT more clearly showed the pleural tumors and lymph node metastases and detected more pleural lesions because the tumors showed higher 68 Ga-FAPI-04 activity. This case indicates that 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT may be a promising new tool in evaluation of malignant pleural mesothelioma, which needs further investigation.
Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Carol M. Mangione, Michael J. Barry, Wanda K. Nicholson, Michael Cabana, David Chelmow, Tumaini Rucker Coker, Karina W. Davidson, Esa M. Davis, Katrina E. Donahue, Carlos Roberto Jaén, Martha Kubik, Li Li, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Lori Pbert, John M. Ruiz, Michael Silverstein, James Stevermer, John B. Wong
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Depression is a leading cause of disability in the US. Children and adolescents with depression typically have functional impairments in their performance at school or work as well as in their interactions with their families and peers. Depression can also negatively affect the developmental trajectories of affected youth. Major depressive disorder (MDD) in children and adolescents is strongly associated with recurrent depression in adulthood; other mental disorders; and increased risk for suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide completion. Suicide is the second-leading cause of death among youth aged 10 to 19 years. Psychiatric disorders and previous suicide attempts increase suicide risk. To update its 2014 and 2016 recommendations, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the benefits and harms of screening, accuracy of screening, and benefits and harms of treatment of MDD and suicide risk in children and adolescents that would be applicable to primary care settings. Children and adolescents who do not have a diagnosed mental health condition or are not showing recognized signs or symptoms of depression or suicide risk. The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that screening for MDD in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years has a moderate net benefit. The USPSTF concludes that the evidence is insufficient on screening for MDD in children 11 years or younger. The USPSTF concludes that the evidence is insufficient on the benefit and harms of screening for suicide risk in children and adolescents owing to a lack of evidence. The USPSTF recommends screening for MDD in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. (B recommendation) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for MDD in children 11 years or younger. (I statement) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for suicide risk in children and adolescents. (I statement).
Addressing global disparities in blood pressure control: perspectives of the International Society of Hypertension
Authors: Aletta E Schutte, Tazeen H Jafar, Neil R Poulter, Albertino Damasceno, Nadia A Khan, Peter M Nilsson, Jafar Alsaid, Dinesh Neupane, Kazuomi Kario, Hind Beheiry, Sofie Brouwers, Dylan Burger, Fadi J Charchar, Myeong-Chan Cho, Tomasz J Guzik, Ghazi F Haji Al-Saedi, Muhammad Ishaq, Hiroshi Itoh, Erika S W Jones, Taskeen Khan, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Praew Kotruchin, Elizabeth Muxfeldt, Augustine Odili, Mansi Patil, Udaya Ralapanawa, Cesar A Romero, Markus P Schlaich, Abdulla Shehab, Ching Siew Mooi, U Muscha Steckelings, George Stergiou, Rhian M Touyz, Thomas Unger, Richard D Wainford, Ji-Guang Wang, Bryan Williams, Brandi M Wynne, Maciej Tomaszewski
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2022)

Raised blood pressure (BP) is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. Yet, its global prevalence is increasing, and it remains poorly detected, treated, and controlled in both high- and low-resource settings. From the perspective of members of the International Society of Hypertension based in all regions, we reflect on the past, present, and future of hypertension care, highlighting key challenges and opportunities, which are often region-specific. We report that most countries failed to show sufficient improvements in BP control rates over the past three decades, with greater improvements mainly seen in some high-income countries, also reflected in substantial reductions in the burden of cardiovascular disease and deaths. Globally, there are significant inequities and disparities based on resources, sociodemographic environment, and race with subsequent disproportionate hypertension-related outcomes. Additional unique challenges in specific regions include conflict, wars, migration, unemployment, rapid urbanization, extremely limited funding, pollution, COVID-19-related restrictions and inequalities, obesity, and excessive salt and alcohol intake. Immediate action is needed to address suboptimal hypertension care and related disparities on a global scale. We propose a Global Hypertension Care Taskforce including multiple stakeholders and societies to identify and implement actions in reducing inequities, addressing social, commercial, and environmental determinants, and strengthening health systems implement a well-designed customized quality-of-care improvement framework.
Impact of FDG PET/CT Scan in Changing Management of Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors With Ki67 Index Less Than or Equal to 5%
Authors: Sayak Choudhury, Archi Agrawal, Venkatesh Rangarajan, Ameya Puranik, Munita Bal, Vikram Chaudhari, Manish Bhandare, Nilendu Purandare, Sneha Shah, Anant Ramaswamy, Vikas Ostwal, Shailesh V. Shrikhande
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Objectives This study aimed to see the impact of FDG PET/CT with somatostatin receptor PET (SSTR PET) in directing the treatment plan in lower-grade well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) with Ki67 index ≤5%. Methods Sixty-three NET cases with Ki67 index ≤5% with both FDG PET and SSTR PET ( 68 Ga-DOTANOC PET) were included for this retrospective observational study. FDG PET findings were classified into positive, weakly positive, and negative based on a visual scale. Clinical factors considered while referring for FDG PET scan were audited from electronic medical records. The addition of chemotherapy was considered as FDG-directed change in treatment. Results Sixty patients showed intense SSTR expression in the primary and metastatic sites (if present). Three patients showed no evidence of SSTR expression, in whom the scans were done after resection of the primary tumor. The FDG PET was positive in 25 (39.6%), weakly positive in 11 (17.4%), and negative in 27 (42.8%). Specific clinical reason for doing FDG PET was found in 34 patients, and in the remaining 29, there was no justification or specific indication for doing the FDG study; 73.5% of patients from the former group was either FDG positive or weakly positive, and 26.5% were negative; in the other group, 62.1% were FDG-negative, and 37.9% were positive ( P = 0.004). Treatment-naive patients with symptom duration of ≤5 months were associated with more FDG positivity than patients with &gt;5 months' symptom duration ( P = 0.006). FDG PET/CT led to change in management in 17.4% of all the patients, 9.6% of grade 1, and 25% of grade 2 patients. Conclusions In lower-grade NET, FDG positivity was seen in a sizable number of the cases, and this led to change in management in 17.4% of the cases. Specific clinical features could be utilized to successfully discriminate between FDG-avid and non–FDG-avid disease in lower-grade NETs, and this had impact in management change as well.
Physician Adenoma Detection Rates and Colorectal Cancer—Reply
Authors: Douglas A. Corley, Joanne Schottinger, Christopher Jensen
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Predicting Treatment Response in Primary Aldosteronism Using 11C-Metomidate Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Ching-Chu Lu, Chien-Jung Chen, Kang-Yung Peng, Jeff S. Chueh, Chin-Chen Chang, Ruoh-Fang Yen, Vin-Cent Wu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Background Appropriate treatment of primary aldosteronism (PA) depends on accurate lateralization. 11 C-metomidate (MTO) is a tracer used in PET that provides functional information about the adrenal cortex. We aimed to perform MTO PET for patients with PA who are managed according to the guideline and to verify its correlation with other lateralization modalities and usefulness in outcome prediction. Methods Seventeen patients with PA who underwent MTO PET and had ≥1 lateralization modality (adrenal venous sampling and/or NP-59 adrenal scintigraphy) were included. SUV max of each adrenal gland (higher uptake side, HSUV max ; lower uptake side, LSUV max ) and the ratio of HSUV max to LSUV max (contrast) were compared with lateralization modalities, postsurgical outcomes, and medical treatment outcomes. Cutoff values were used as outcome predictors. Results HSUV max and LSUV max increased in the order of bilateral, unilateral, and negative findings of CT, with opposite order of contrast. High discordant rate between MTO PET and other lateralization modalities was noted. Biochemical responders (n = 8) had significantly lower HSUV max and LSUV max than nonresponders, and clinical responders (n = 6) had borderline lower HSUV max than nonresponders. By optimal cutoff values of HSUV max and LSUV max , MTO PET was able to predict biochemical and clinical outcomes in patients with medical treatment. Conclusion According to adrenal CT findings, MTO PET presented different uptake patterns. Patients with PA under medical treatment showed significantly lower tracer uptake in responders. Thus, MTO PET may be a useful imaging biomarker to predict medical treatment outcome. Multicenter prospective study with a larger number of patients is needed for further validation.
Diversity, equity, and inclusion in gastroenterology and hepatology: A survey of where we stand
Authors: Harman K. Rahal, James H. Tabibian, Rachel B. Issaka, Sandra Quezada, Darrell M. Gray, Sophie Balzora, Liu Yang, Jayraan Badiee, Folasade P. May
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Abstract Background and Aims In the setting of increasing attention to representation in medicine, we aimed to assess current perspectives of racial and ethnic workforce diversity and health care disparities among gastroenterology (GI) and hepatology professionals in the United States. Approach and Results We developed and administered a 33‐item electronic cross‐sectional survey to members of five national GI and hepatology societies. Survey items were organized into thematic modules and solicited perspectives on racial and ethnic workforce diversity, health care disparities in GI and hepatology, and potential interventions to enhance workforce diversity and improve health equity. Of the 1219 survey participants, 62.3% were male, 48.7% were non‐Hispanic White, and 19.9% were from backgrounds underrepresented in medicine. The most frequently reported barriers to increasing racial and ethnic diversity in GI and hepatology were insufficient representation of underrepresented racial and ethnic minority groups in the education and training pipeline ( n = 431 [35.4%]), in professional leadership ( n = 340 [27.9%]), and among practicing GI and hepatology professionals ( n = 324 [26.6%]). Suggested interventions were to increase career mentorship opportunities ( n = 545 [44.7%]), medical student opportunities ( n = 520 [42.7%]), and program and professional society leadership roles for underrepresented racial and ethnic minority groups ( n = 473 [38.8%]). Conclusions Our survey explored imperative and timely perspectives on racial and ethnic representation and health equity among professionals in GI and hepatology. The findings should inform future interventions to address workforce diversity and establish priorities toward improving health equity, ultimately serving as a springboard for professional societies, academic institutions, and other organizations that aim to increase diversity, equity, and inclusion in our field.