tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk of major adverse cardiovascular and venous thromboembolism events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis exposed to JAK inhibitors versus adalimumab: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Lea Hoisnard, Laura Pina Vegas, Rosemay Dray-Spira, Alain Weill, Mahmoud Zureik, Emilie Sbidian
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)

To assess the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and venous thromboembolism events (VTEs) among patients initiating a Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi) (tofacitinib and baricitinib) versus adalimumab in a large real-world population of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study of the French national health data system, the exposed group initiating a JAKi and non-exposed group initiating adalimumab. We included all individuals who had their first dispensation of a JAKi or adalimumab between 1 July 2017 and 31 May 2021 and had rheumatoid arthritis. The primary endpoints were the occurrence of a MACE or VTE. Weighted hazard ratio (HRw) values were estimated with the inverse probability of treatment weighting method to account for confounding factors with concomitant administration of methotrexate as a time-varying variable.The cohort included 15 835 patients: 8481 and 7354 in the exposed and non-exposed groups (mean age 59.3 and 55.3 years, female 78.3% and 71.2%, respectively). During follow-up, 54 and 35 MACEs and 75 and 32 VTEs occurred in the exposed and non-exposed groups, respectively. Risk of MACEs for the exposed versus non-exposed group was not significant: HRw 1.0 (95% CI 0.7 to 1.5) (p=0.99), nor was risk of VTEs significant: HRw 1.1 (0.7 to 1.6) (p=0.63). Despite a lack of power, results were consistent among patients aged 65 years or older with at least one cardiovascular risk factor.This study provides reassuring data regarding the risks of MACEs and VTEs in patients initiating a JAKi versus adalimumab, including patients at high risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Effects of precipitation, heat, and drought on incidence and expansion of coccidioidomycosis in western USA: a longitudinal surveillance study
Authors: Jennifer R Head, Gail Sondermeyer-Cooksey, Alexandra K Heaney, Alexander T Yu, Isabel Jones, Abinash Bhattachan, Simon K Campo, Robert Wagner, Whitney Mgbara, Sophie Phillips, Nicole Keeney, John Taylor, Ellen Eisen, Dennis P Lettenmaier, Alan Hubbard, Gregory S Okin, Duc J Vugia, Seema Jain, Justin V Remais
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2022)

BackgroundDrought is an understudied driver of infectious disease dynamics. Amidst the ongoing southwestern North American megadrought, California (USA) is having the driest multi-decadal period since 800 CE, exacerbated by anthropogenic warming. In this study, we aimed to examine the influence of drought on coccidioidomycosis, an emerging infectious disease in southwestern USA.MethodsWe analysed California census tract-level surveillance data from 2000 to 2020 using generalised additive models and distributed monthly lags on precipitation and temperature. We then developed an ensemble prediction algorithm of incident cases of coccidioidomycosis per census tract to estimate the counterfactual incidence that would have occurred in the absence of drought.FindingsBetween April 1, 2000, and March 31, 2020, there were 81 448 reported cases of coccidioidomycosis throughout California. An estimated 1467 excess cases of coccidioidomycosis were observed in California in the 2 years following the drought that occurred between 2007 and 2009, and an excess 2649 drought-attributable cases of coccidioidomycosis were observed in the 2 years following the drought that occurred between 2012 and 2015. These increased numbers of cases more than offset the declines in cases that occurred during drought. An IQR increase in summer temperatures was associated with 2·02 (95% CI 1·84–2·22) times higher incidence in the following autumn (September to November), and an IQR increase in precipitation in the winter was associated with 1·45 (1·36–1·55) times higher incidence in the autumn. The effect of winter precipitation was 36% (25–48) stronger when preceded by two dry, rather than average, winters. Incidence in arid counties was most sensitive to precipitation fluctuations, while incidence in wetter counties was most sensitive to temperature.InterpretationIn California, multi-year cycles of dry conditions followed by a wet winter increases transmission of coccidioidomycosis, especially in historically wetter areas. With anticipated increasing frequency of drought in southwestern USA, continued expansion of coccidioidomycosis, along with more intense seasons, is expected. Our results motivate the need for heightened precautions against coccidioidomycosis in seasons that follow major droughts.FundingNational Institutes of Health.
Disease control tools to secure animal and public health in a densely populated world
Authors: Johannes Charlier, Herman W Barkema, Paul Becher, Paola De Benedictis, Ingrid Hansson, Isabel Hennig-Pauka, Roberto La Ragione, Lars E Larsen, Evelyn Madoroba, Dominiek Maes, Clara M Marín, Franco Mutinelli, Alasdair J Nisbet, Katarzyna Podgórska, Jozef Vercruysse, Fabrizio Vitale, Diana J L Williams, Ruth N Zadoks
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2022)

Animal health is a prerequisite for global health, economic development, food security, food quality, and poverty reduction, while mitigating against climate change and biodiversity loss. We did a qualitative review of 53 infectious diseases in terrestrial animals with data from DISCONTOOLS, a specialist database and prioritisation model focusing on research gaps for improving infectious disease control in animals. Many diseases do not have any appropriate control tools, but the prioritisation model suggests that we should focus international efforts on Nipah virus infection, African swine fever, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, peste des petits ruminants, sheeppox and goatpox, avian influenza, Rift Valley fever, foot and mouth disease, and bovine tuberculosis, for the greatest impact on the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. Easy to use and accurate diagnostics are available for many animal diseases. However, there is an urgent need for the development of stable and durable diagnostics that can differentiate infected animals from vaccinated animals, to exploit rapid technological advances, and to make diagnostics widely available and affordable. Veterinary vaccines are important for dealing with endemic, new, and emerging diseases. However, fundamental research is needed to improve the convenience of use and duration of immunity, and to establish performant marker vaccines. The largest gap in animal pharmaceuticals is the threat of pathogens developing resistance to available drugs, in particular for bacterial and parasitic (protozoal, helminth, and arthropod) pathogens. We propose and discuss five research priorities for animal health that will help to deliver a sustainable and healthy planet: vaccinology, antimicrobial resistance, climate mitigation and adaptation, digital health, and epidemic preparedness.
Maternal exposure to ambient black carbon particles and their presence in maternal and fetal circulation and organs: an analysis of two independent population-based observational studies
Authors: Eva Bongaerts, Laetitia L Lecante, Hannelore Bové, Maarten B J Roeffaers, Marcel Ameloot, Paul A Fowler, Tim S Nawrot
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2022)

BackgroundMaternal exposure to particulate air pollution during pregnancy has been linked to multiple adverse birth outcomes causing burden of disease later in the child's life. To date, there is a paucity of data on whether or not ambient particles can both reach and cross the human placenta to exert direct effects on fetal organ systems during gestation.MethodsIn this analysis, we used maternal-perinatal and fetal samples collected within the framework of two independent studies: the ENVIRONAGE (Environmental Influences on Ageing in Early Life) birth cohort of mothers giving birth at the East-Limburg Hospital in Genk, Belgium, and the SAFeR (Scottish Advanced Fetal Research) cohort of terminated, normally progressing pregnancies among women aged 16 years and older in Aberdeen and the Grampian region, UK. From the ENVIRONAGE study, we included 60 randomly selected mother-neonate pairs, excluding all mothers who reported that they ever smoked. From the SAFeR study, we included 36 fetuses of gestational age 7–20 weeks with cotinine concentrations indicative of non-smoking status. We used white light generation under femtosecond pulsed illumination to detect black carbon particles in samples collected at the maternal-fetal interface. We did appropriate validation experiments of all samples to confirm the carbonaceous nature of the identified particles.FindingsWe found evidence of the presence of black carbon particles in cord blood, confirming the ability of these particles to cross the placenta and enter the fetal circulation system. We also found a strong correlation (r ≥0·50; p<0·0001) between the maternal-perinatal particle load (in maternal blood [n=60], term placenta [n=60], and cord blood [n=60]) and residential ambient black carbon exposure during pregnancy. Additionally, we found the presence of black carbon particles in first and second trimester tissues (fetal liver [n=36], lung [n=36], and brain [n=14]) of electively terminated and normally progressing pregnancies from an independent study.InterpretationWe found that maternally inhaled carbonaceous air pollution particles can cross the placenta and then translocate into human fetal organs during gestation. These findings are especially concerning because this window of exposure is key to organ development. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of particle translocation.FundingEuropean Research Council, Flemish Scientific Research Foundation, Kom op Tegen Kanker, UK Medical Research Council, and EU Horizon 2020.
Interactions between climate and COVID-19
Authors: James D Ford, Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo, Triphini Ainembabazi, Cecilia Anza-Ramirez, Ingrid Arotoma-Rojas, Joana Bezerra, Victoria Chicmana-Zapata, Eranga K Galappaththi, Martha Hangula, Christopher Kazaana, Shuaib Lwasa, Didacus Namanya, Nosipho Nkwinti, Richard Nuwagira, Samuel Okware, Maria Osipova, Kerrie Pickering, Chandni Singh, Lea Berrang-Ford, Keith Hyams, J Jaime Miranda, Angus Naylor, Mark New, Bianca van Bavel, Margaret Angula, Jasmithaa Arvind, Francis Awaafo Akugre, Amir Bazaz, Shaugn Coggins, Frances Crowley, Indunil P. Dharmasiri, Yon Fernandez-de-Larrinoa, Bhavya George, Sherilee Harper, Brianne Jones, Genevieve Jones, Kerry Jones, Harpreet Kaur, Jyotsna Krishnakumar, Irene Kunamwene, Asish Mangalasseri, Clare Mcguire, Adelina Mensah, Jonathan Nkalubo, Tristan Pearce, Chrishma Dharshani Perera, Prathigna Poonacha Kodira, Halena Scanlon, Cecil Togarepi, Anita Varghese, Carlee Wright
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2022)

In this Personal View, we explain the ways that climatic risks affect the transmission, perception, response, and lived experience of COVID-19. First, temperature, wind, and humidity influence the transmission of COVID-19 in ways not fully understood, although non-climatic factors appear more important than climatic factors in explaining disease transmission. Second, climatic extremes coinciding with COVID-19 have affected disease exposure, increased susceptibility of people to COVID-19, compromised emergency responses, and reduced health system resilience to multiple stresses. Third, long-term climate change and prepandemic vulnerabilities have increased COVID-19 risk for some populations (eg, marginalised communities). The ways climate and COVID-19 interact vary considerably between and within populations and regions, and are affected by dynamic and complex interactions with underlying socioeconomic, political, demographic, and cultural conditions. These conditions can lead to vulnerability, resilience, transformation, or collapse of health systems, communities, and livelihoods throughout varying timescales. It is important that COVID-19 response and recovery measures consider climatic risks, particularly in locations that are susceptible to climate extremes, through integrated planning that includes public health, disaster preparedness, emergency management, sustainable development, and humanitarian response.
Navigating fundamental tensions towards a decolonial relational vision of planetary health
Authors: Rhys Jones, Papaarangi Reid, Alexandra Macmillan
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2022)

Planetary health has an important role to play in guiding humanity towards a healthy, equitable, and sustainable future. However, given planetary health's dominant colonial and capitalist underpinning ideologies, it risks reinscribing the same exploitative power dynamics that are fundamental drivers of global ecological collapse. In this Personal View, we reaffirm the need for a vision of planetary health grounded in Indigenous epistemologies, which centre relational ecocentric norms and values. We identify key tensions that planetary health scholars, practitioners, and advocates need to engage with to inform action. Finally, we offer suggestions for working progressively towards a decolonial vision of planetary health that recognises our obligations to all our (human and more-than-human) relations. The themes explored in this Personal View bring together our perspectives, strongly centring Indigenous understandings but also referencing ideas and positions emerging from a relational space between Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars.
Global burden of primary liver cancer in 2020 and predictions to 2040
Authors: Harriet Rumgay, Melina Arnold, Jacques Ferlay, Olufunmilayo Lesi, Citadel J Cabasag, Jérôme Vignat, Mathieu Laversanne, Katherine A McGlynn, Isabelle Soerjomataram
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2022)
Protective Effect of Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection against Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 Subvariants
Authors: Heba N Altarawneh, Hiam Chemaitelly, Houssein H Ayoub, Mohammad R Hasan, Peter Coyle, Hadi M Yassine, Hebah A Al-Khatib, Maria K Smatti, Zaina Al-Kanaani, Einas Al-Kuwari, Andrew Jeremijenko, Anvar H Kaleeckal, Ali N Latif, Riyazuddin M Shaik, Hanan F Abdul-Rahim, Gheyath K Nasrallah, Mohamed G Al-Kuwari, Adeel A Butt, Hamad E Al-Romaihi, Mohamed H Al-Thani, Abdullatif Al-Khal, Roberto Bertollini, Patrick Tang, Laith J Abu-Raddad
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)
Gun Violence in the United States
Authors: Garen J. Wintemute, Daniel Müller, Kyle Bolstad
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

The United States has experienced an unprecedented surge in homicides — the vast majority of which involve firearms. Mass shootings, however they are defined, are also increasing. Firearm suicide rates, in contrast, have remained stable. To understand these developments, it's important to see where they came from. What are the long-term trends? What state and regional patterns exist in mortality and in firearm-violence prevention policies? This Interactive Perspective presents relevant data for readers to explore.
Intravenous Immune Globulin Therapy in Dermatomyositis
Authors: Anthony A. Amato
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

Dermatomyositis is a heterogeneous syndrome with several associated antibodies, such as those against transcription intermediary factor 1-γ (anti–TIF-1γ), melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (anti–MDA-5), nuclear matrix protein 2 (anti–NXP-2), and small ubiquitin-like modifier–activating enzyme (anti-SAE). Each of these antibodies is referred to by neurologists and rheumatologists by its acronym for convenience,1 and each is associated with distinct clinical and histopathological features.2 More than 30 years ago, dermatomyositis was thought to be caused by complement-mediated microangiopathy, but there is evidence that the microvasculopathy and skin and muscle damage associated with dermatomyositis are due primarily to toxicity from pathways mediated by type I . . .
Surgical Outcomes of Laparoscopic versus Open Hepatectomy for Left Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Propensity Score Analyses Using Retrospective Japanese and Korean Individual Patient Data
Authors: Masaki Kaibori, Kengo Yoshii, Yuzo Umeda, Takahito Yagi, Takehiro Okabayashi, Kenta Sui, Akira Mori, Yuhei Hamaguchi, Kiyoshi Kajiyama, Daisuke Hokuto, Kazuteru Monden, Tomoharu Yoshizumi, Yoriko Nomura, Kan Toriguchi, Jong Man Kim, Gi Hong Choi, Je Ho Ryu, Yangseok Koh, Koo Jeong Kang, Young Kyoung You, Kwang-Sik Chun, Young Seok Han, Chan Woo Cho, Young Il Choi, Dong-Sik Kim, Jae Do Yang, Keita Mori, Atsushi Hiraoka, Hiroki Yamaue, Masafumi Nakamura, Masakazu Yamamoto, Itaru Endo
Journal: Liver Cancer (2022)

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the prognostic impact of laparoscopic left hepatectomy (LLH) with that of open left hepatectomy (OLH) on patient survival after resection of left hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Among the 953 patients who received initial treatment for primary HCC that was resectable by either LLH or OLH from 2013 to 2017 in Japan and Korea, 146 patients underwent LLH and 807 underwent OLH. The inverse probability of treatment weighting approach based on propensity scoring was used to address the potential selection bias inherent in the recurrence and survival outcomes between the LLH and OLH groups. Results: The occurrence rate of postoperative complications and hepatic decompensation was significantly lower in the LLH group than in the OLH group. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was better in the LLH group than in the OLH group (hazard ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.71; p = 0.029), whereas overall survival (OS) was not significantly different. Subgroup analyses of RFS and OS revealed an almost consistent trend in favor of LLH over OLH. In patients with tumor sizes of ≥4.0 cm or those with single tumors, both RFS and OS were significantly better in the LLH group than in the OLH group. Conclusions: LLH decreases the risk of tumor recurrence and improves OS in patients with primary HCC located in the left liver.
Atrial Fibrillation and Catheter Ablation
Authors: Elliott M. Antman, Jane A. Leopold, William H. Sauer, Paul C. Zei
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

In this instructional video, Drs. Jane Leopold, Elliott Antman, William Sauer, and Paul Zei provide an overview of the classification and diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, management strategies, and mitigation of stroke risk with anticoagulation therapy. The video also focuses on the new rhythm-control strategy of catheter ablation therapy, with attention to the success rate, potential complications, postprocedural monitoring for recurrence of atrial fibrillation, and consideration of ongoing anticoagulation therapy in these patients.
Intermittently Scanned Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Lalantha Leelarathna, Mark L. Evans, Sankalpa Neupane, Gerry Rayman, Sarah Lumley, Iain Cranston, Parth Narendran, Katharine Barnard-Kelly, Christopher J. Sutton, Rachel A. Elliott, Vicky P. Taxiarchi, Georgios Gkountouras, Matthew Burns, Womba Mubita, Naresh Kanumilli, Maisie Camm, Hood Thabit, Emma G. Wilmot
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

In persons with type 1 diabetes and high glycated hemoglobin levels, the benefits of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring with optional alarms for high and low blood glucose levels are uncertain.
Trial of Intravenous Immune Globulin in Dermatomyositis
Authors: Rohit Aggarwal, Christina Charles-Schoeman, Joachim Schessl, Zsuzsanna Bata-Csörgő, Mazen M. Dimachkie, Zoltan Griger, Sergey Moiseev, Chester Oddis, Elena Schiopu, Jiri Vencovský, Irene Beckmann, Elisabeth Clodi, Olga Bugrova, Katalin Dankó, Floranne Ernste, Namita A. Goyal, Marvin Heuer, Marie Hudson, Yessar M. Hussain, Chafic Karam, Nina Magnolo, Ronald Nelson, Nataliia Pozur, Liudmyla Prystupa, Miklós Sárdy, Guillermo Valenzuela, Anneke J. van der Kooi, Tuan Vu, Margitta Worm, Todd Levine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) for the treatment of dermatomyositis has not been extensively evaluated.
Metformin reduces hepatocellular carcinoma incidence after successful antiviral therapy in patients with diabetes and chronic hepatitis C in Taiwan
Authors: Pei-Chien Tsai, Hsing-Tao Kuo, Chao-Hung Hung, Kuo-Chih Tseng, Hsueh-Chou Lai, Cheng-Yuan Peng, Jing-Houng Wang, Jyh-Jou Chen, Pei-Lun Lee, Rong-Nan Chien, Chi-Chieh Yang, Gin-Ho Lo, Jia-Horng Kao, Chun-Jen Liu, Chen-Hua Liu, Sheng-Lei Yan, Ming-Jong Bair, Chun-Yen Lin, Wei-Wen Su, Cheng-Hsin Chu, Chih-Jen Chen, Shui-Yi Tung, Chi-Ming Tai, Chih-Wen Lin, Ching-Chu Lo, Pin-Nan Cheng, Yen-Cheng Chiu, Chia-Chi Wang, Jin-Shiung Cheng, Wei-Lun Tsai, Han-Chieh Lin, Yi-Hsiang Huang, Ming-Lun Yeh, Chung-Feng Huang, Meng-Hsuan Hsieh, Jee-Fu Huang, Chia-Yen Dai, Wan-Long Chung, Chi-Yi Chen, Ming-Lung Yu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2022)
Protected areas and the future of insect conservation
Authors: Shawan Chowdhury, Michael D. Jennions, Myron P. Zalucki, Martine Maron, James E.M. Watson, Richard A. Fuller
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2022)

Anthropogenic pressures are driving insect declines across the world. Although protected areas (PAs) play a prominent role in safeguarding many vertebrate species from human-induced threats, insects are not widely considered when designing PA systems or building strategies for PA management. We review the effectiveness of PAs for insect conservation and find substantial taxonomic and geographic gaps in knowledge. Most research focuses on the representation of species, and few studies assess threats to insects or the role that effective PA management can play in insect conservation. We propose a four-step research agenda to help ensure that insects are central in efforts to expand the global PA network under the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework.
Re: George J. Netto, Mahul B. Amin, Daniel M. Berney, et al. The 2022 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs—Part B: Prostate and Urinary Tract Tumors. Eur Urol. 2022:82:469–82.
Authors: Yongbao Wei, Haijian Huang, Liefu Ye
Journal: European Urology (2022)