tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Development of a Fully Synthetic Corneal Stromal Construct via Supramolecular Hydrogel Engineering
Authors: Annika F. Vrehen, Martin G. T. A. Rutten, Patricia Y. W. Dankers
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Recent advances in the field of ophthalmology show great potential in the design of bioengineered constructs to mimic the corneal stroma. Hydrogels based on synthetic supramolecular polymers, are attractive synthetic mimics of the natural highly hydrated corneal stroma. Here, a fully synthetic corneal stromal construct is developed via engineering of an injectable supramolecular hydrogel based on ureido-pyrimidinone (UPy) moieties. The hydrogel displays a dynamic and tunable behavior, which allows for control of biochemical and mechanical cues. Two hydrogels are developed, a fully synthetic hydrogel functionalized with a bioactive cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartate UPy (UPy-cRGD) additive, and a hybrid hydrogel based on UPy-moieties mixed with collagen type I fibers. Both hydrogels supported cell encapsulation and associated cellular deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins after 21 days. Excitingly, the hydrogels support the activation of isolated primary keratocytes into stromal fibroblasts as well as the differentiation toward more quiescent corneal stromal keratocytes, demonstrated by their characteristic long dendritic protrusions and a substantially diminished cytokine secretion. Furthermore, cells survive shear stresses during an injectability test. Together, these findings highlight the development of an injectable supramolecular hydrogel as a synthetic corneal stromal microenvironment able to host primary keratocytes.
Physical activity and cancer risk: a dose‐response analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Xiayao Diao, Yudong Ling, Yi Zeng, Yueqian Wu, Chao Guo, Yukai Jin, Xiaojiang Chen, Shoucheng Feng, Jianrong Guo, Chao Ding, Feiyu Diao, Zhicheng Du, Shanqing Li, Haibo Qiu
Journal: Cancer Communications (2023)

Abstract Objective Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity, is widely believed to decrease cancer risk. This study aimed to quantitatively establish the dose‐response relationships between total physical activity and the risk of breast, colon, lung, gastric, and liver cancers. Methods A systematic review and dose‐response analysis were conducted using PubMed and Embase from January 1, 1980 to March 20, 2023. Prospective cohort studies that examined the association between physical activity and the risks of any of the 5 outcomes were included. The search was confined to publications in the English language with a specific focus on human studies. Physical activity is standardized by using the data from US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) and the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database. Results A total of 98 studies, involving a combined population of 16,418,361 individuals, were included in the analysis. Among the included studies, 57 focused on breast cancer, 17 on lung cancer, 23 on colon cancer, 5 on gastric cancer, and 7 on liver cancer. Overall, elevated levels of physical activity exhibited an inverse correlation with the risk of cancer. The dose‐response curve for lung cancer exhibited a non‐linear pattern, with the greatest benefit risk reduction observed at 13,200 MET‐minutes/week of physical activity, resulting in a 14.7% reduction in risk (relative risk 0.853, uncertainty interval 0.798 to 0.912) compared to the inactive population. In contrast, the dose‐response curves for colon, gastric, breast, and liver cancers showed linear associations, indicating that heightened levels of total physical activity were consistently associated with reduced cancer risks. However, the increase in physical activity yielded a smaller risk reduction for colon and gastric cancers compared to breast and liver cancers. Compared to individuals with insufficient activity (total activity level &lt; 600 MET‐minutes/week), individuals with high levels of activity (≥ 8,000 MET‐minutes/week) experienced a 10.3% (0.897, 0.860 to 0.934) risk reduction for breast cancer; 5.9% (0.941, 0.884 to 1.001) for lung cancer; 7.1% (0.929, 0.909 to 0.949) for colon cancer; 5.1% (0.949, 0.908 to 0.992) for gastric cancer; 17.1% (0.829, 0.760 to 0.903) for liver cancer. Conclusions This study demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between total physical activity and the risk of breast, gastric, liver, colon, and lung cancers.
Racial Disparities in Emergency Department Physical Restraint Use
Authors: Vidya Eswaran, Melanie F. Molina, Alison R. Hwong, David G. Dillon, Lizbeth Alvarez, Isabel E. Allen, Ralph C. Wang
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Recent studies have demonstrated that people of color are more likely to be restrained in emergency department (ED) settings compared with other patients, but many of these studies are based at a single site or health care system, limiting their generalizability.
Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: Evolving Concepts and Treatments
Authors: David Stephen Prince, Emily Nash, Ken Liu
Journal: Drugs (2023)

Alcohol is a prominent cause of liver disease worldwide with higher prevalence in developed nations. The spectrum of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) encompasses a diverse range of clinical entities, from asymptomatic isolated steatosis to decompensated cirrhosis, and in some cases, acute or chronic liver failure. Consequently, it is important for healthcare practitioners to maintain awareness and systematically screen for ALD. The optimal evaluation and management of ALD necessitates a collaborative approach, incorporating a multidisciplinary team and accounting for concurrent medical conditions. A repertoire of therapeutic interventions exists to support patients in achieving alcohol cessation and sustaining remission, with complete abstinence being the ultimate objective. This review explores the existing therapeutic options for ALD acknowledging geographical discrepancies in accessibility. Recent innovations, including the inclusion of alcohol consumption biomarkers into clinical protocols and the expansion of liver transplantation eligibility to encompass severe alcohol-associated hepatitis, are explored.
New-Onset Age of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cancer Risk
Authors: Chenan Liu, Tong Liu, Qingsong Zhang, Pingping Jia, Mengmeng Song, Qi Zhang, Guotian Ruan, Yizhong Ge, Shiqi Lin, Ziwen Wang, Hailun Xie, Jinyu Shi, Ruiqin Han, Yue Chen, Xin Zheng, Liuyi Shen, Li Deng, Shouling Wu, Hanping Shi
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

The onset age of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is decreasing, and whether earlier ages of NAFLD onset are associated with increased cancer risk is currently unclear.To explore the association between NAFLD new-onset age and cancer risk.This cohort study was conducted among 179 328 participants included in the Kailuan Cohort Study between 2006 and 2021. In total, 46 100 incident NAFLD cases were identified. For each case, a participant matched by age (older or younger by 1 year) and sex was randomly selected to create a new matched study cohort. Data were analyzed from December 2022 through April 2023.Onset of NAFLD.The association between the onset age of NAFLD and the risk of different cancer types was evaluated using weighted Cox regression models. Population-attributable fractions (PAFs) were used to quantify the association of NAFLD with cancer risk at different ages.Among 63 696 participants (mean [SD] age, 51.37 [12.43] years; ‭10 932 females [17.2%] and ‭52 764 males [82.8%]), 31 848 individuals had NAFLD and 31 848 individuals were in the control group. During a median (IQR) follow-up of 10.16 (7.89-11.67) years, 2415 patients were diagnosed with cancer. Compared with the matched group, patients aged less than 45 years at NAFLD onset exhibited a higher risk of cancer (average hazard ratio [AHR], 1.52; 95% CI, 1.09-2.12), and as the onset age of NAFLD increased, the cancer risk decreased (ages 45-54 years: AHR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.15-1.97; ages 55-64 years: AHR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.97-1.33; ages >65 years: AHR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.45-1.27; P for interaction < .001). Among patients aged less than 45 years at NAFLD onset, cancers were mainly digestive system and lung cancers, with AHR values of 2.00 (95% CI, 1.08-3.47) and 2.14 (95% CI, 1.05-4.36), respectively. PAFs also showed that in patients aged less than 45 years at NAFLD onset, 17.83% (95% CI, 4.92%-29.86%) of cancer risk was attributable to NAFLD.‬‬‬‬.This study found that NAFLD was associated with increased cancer risk and there was an interaction with onset age, such that the younger the onset age of NAFLD, the greater the cancer risk.
Neighborhood Characteristics and Elevated Blood Pressure in Older Adults
Authors: Kendra D. Sims, Mary D. Willis, Perry W. Hystad, G. David Batty, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Ellen Smit, Michelle C. Odden
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

The local environment remains an understudied contributor to elevated blood pressure among older adults. Untargeted approaches can identify neighborhood conditions interrelated with racial segregation that drive hypertension disparities.To evaluate independent associations of sociodemographic, economic, and housing neighborhood factors with elevated blood pressure.In this cohort study, the sample included Health and Retirement Study participants who had between 1 and 3 sets of biennial sphygmomanometer readings from 2006 to 2014 or 2008 to 2016. Statistical analyses were conducted from February 5 to November 30, 2021.Fifty-one standardized American Community Survey census tract variables (2005-2009).Elevated sphygmomanometer readings over the study period (6-year period prevalence): a value of at least 140 mm Hg for systolic blood pressure and/or at least 90 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure. Participants were divided 50:50 into training and test data sets. Generalized estimating equations were used to summarize multivariable associations between each neighborhood variable and the period prevalence of elevated blood pressure, adjusting for individual-level covariates. Any neighborhood factor associated (Simes-adjusted for multiple comparisons P ≤ .05) with elevated blood pressure in the training data set was rerun in the test data set to gauge model performance. Lastly, in the full cohort, race- and ethnicity-stratified associations were evaluated for each identified neighborhood factor on the likelihood of elevated blood pressure.Of 12 946 participants, 4565 (35%) had elevated sphygmomanometer readings (median [IQR] age, 68 [63-73] years; 2283 [50%] male; 228 [5%] Hispanic or Latino, 502 [11%] non-Hispanic Black, and 3761 [82%] non-Hispanic White). Between 2006 and 2016, a lower likelihood of elevated blood pressure was observed (relative risk for highest vs lowest tertile, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.86-0.96) among participants residing in a neighborhood with recent (post-1999) in-migration of homeowners. This association was precise among participants with non-Hispanic White and other race and ethnicity (relative risk, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85-0.97) but not non-Hispanic Black participants (relative risk, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.85-1.11; P = .48 for interaction) or Hispanic or Latino participants (relative risk, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.65-1.09; P = .78 for interaction).In this cohort study of older adults, recent relocation of homeowners to a neighborhood was robustly associated with reduced likelihood of elevated blood pressure among White participants but not their racially and ethnically marginalized counterparts. Our findings indicate that gentrification may influence later-life blood pressure control.
Ethnic Differences in the Association Between Age at Natural Menopause and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Postmenopausal Women: A Pooled Analysis of Individual Data From 13 Cohort Studies
Authors: Hsin-Fang Chung, Annette J. Dobson, Kunihiko Hayashi, Rebecca Hardy, Diana Kuh, Debra J. Anderson, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Darren C. Greenwood, Janet E. Cade, Panayotes Demakakos, Eric J. Brunner, Sophie V. Eastwood, Sven Sandin, Elisabete Weiderpass, Gita D. Mishra
Journal: Diabetes Care (2023)

OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between age at natural menopause, particularly premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) (natural menopause before age 40 years), and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) and identify any variations by ethnicity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We pooled individual-level data of 338,059 women from 13 cohort studies without T2D before menopause from six ethnic groups: White (n = 177,674), Chinese (n = 146,008), Japanese (n = 9,061), South/Southeast Asian (n = 2,228), Black (n = 1,838), and mixed/other (n = 1,250). Hazard ratios (HRs) of T2D associated with age at menopause were estimated in the overall sample and by ethnicity, with study as a random effect. For each ethnic group, we further stratified the association by birth year, education level, and BMI. RESULTS Over 9 years of follow-up, 20,064 (5.9%) women developed T2D. Overall, POI (vs. menopause at age 50–51 years) was associated with an increased risk of T2D (HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.20–1.44), and there was an interaction between age at menopause and ethnicity (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). T2D risk associated with POI was higher in White (1.53; 1.36–1.73), Japanese (4.04; 1.97–8.27), and Chinese women born in 1950 or later (2.79; 2.11–3.70); although less precise, the risk estimates were consistent in women of South/Southeast Asian (1.46; 0.89–2.40), Black (1.72; 0.95–3.12), and mixed/other (2.16; 0.83–5.57) ethnic groups. A similar pattern, but with a smaller increased risk of T2D, was observed with early menopause overall (1.16; 1.10–1.23) and for White, Japanese, and Chinese women born in 1950 or later. CONCLUSIONS POI and early menopause are risk factors for T2D in postmenopausal women, with considerable variation across ethnic groups, and may need to be considered in risk assessments of T2D among women.
Coronary Artery Calcium Screening—Data First
Authors: Parveen K. Garg, David L. Brown
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Digital Phenotype Generation and Time to Encounter Closure
Authors: Ethan A. Mezoff, Lindsay A. Gil, Jennifer A. Lee, Lindsey Gumer, Shweta S. Namjoshi, Jeffrey M. Hoffman, Danielle Wendel
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

This study evaluates whether implementation of a content expert–developed clinical documentation tool can be beneficial to workflow by reducing time from patient arrival to encounter closure among pediatric patients receiving intestinal rehabilitation.
Omission of Data Sources in Acknowledgment
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Chuan Hong, PhD; Michael J. Pencina, PhD; Daniel M. Wojdyla, MS; Jennifer L. Hall, PhD; Suzanne E. Judd, PhD; Michael Cary, PhD, RN; Matthew M. Engelhard, MD, PhD; Samuel Berchuck, PhD; Ying Xian, MD, PhD; Ralph D’Agostino Sr, PhD; George Howard, DrPH; Brett Kissela, MD, MS; Ricardo Henao, PhD
Changes in Diagnoses and Site of Care for Patients Receiving Hospice Care From Agencies Acquired by Private Equity Firms and Publicly Traded Companies
Authors: Robert Tyler Braun, Mark A. Unruh, David G. Stevenson, Holly G. Prigerson, Rahul Fernandez, Leah Z. Yao, Lawrence P. Casalino
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Private equity firms and publicly traded companies have been acquiring US hospice agencies; an estimated 16% of US hospice agencies are owned by private equity (PE) firms or publicly traded companies (PTC).To examine the association of PE and PTC acquisitions of hospices with Medicare patients' site of care and clinical diagnoses.This cohort study of US hospice agencies used a novel national database of acquisitions merged with the Medicare Post-Acute Care and Hospice Public Use File for 2013 to 2020. Changes in sites of care and patient characteristics for hospice agencies acquired by PE or PTCs were compared with changes for patients in nonacquired for-profit hospice agencies.Private equity and publicly traded company acquisitions.This study used a difference-in-differences approach within an event-study framework to examine the association of PE and PTC acquisitions of hospice agencies with changes in patient diagnoses and sites of care. Dependent variables were annual hospice-level measures of the Hierarchical Condition Category (HCC) score and proportion of patients diagnosed with cancer or dementia. Sites of care included the proportion of patients receiving hospice care in their personal home, nursing home, or assisted living facility.A total of 158 hospice agencies acquired by PEs, 250 acquired by PTCs, and 1559 other for-profit hospice agencies were included. Preacquisition, hospice agencies that would later be acquired by PE or PTC served a mean (IQR) 30.1% (12.0%-44.0%) and 29.4% (13.0%-43.0%) of their patients in nursing homes respectively, a greater proportion compared with the 27.1% (8.0%-43.8%) served by for-profit hospices that were never acquired. Agencies acquired by PE between 2014 and 2019 saw a significant relative increase of 5.98% in dementia patients (1.38 percentage points; 95% CI, 0.35-2.40 percentage points; P = .008). In PTC-owned hospices, the proportion of patients receiving care at home increased by 5.26% (2.98 percentage points; 95% CI, 1.46-4.51 percentage points; P < .001), the proportion of dementia patients rose by 13.49% (3.11 percentage points; 95% CI, 2.14-4.09 percentage points; P < .001), and the HCC score decreased by 1.37% (-3.19 percentage points; 95% CI, -5.92 to -0.47 percentage points; P = .02).These findings suggest that PE and PTCs select patients and sites of care to maximize profits.
Bivalirudin Versus Heparin During PCI in NSTEMI: Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Large Randomized Trials
Authors: Behnood Bikdeli, David Erlinge, Marco Valgimigli, Adnan Kastrati, Yaling Han, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Rod H. Stables, Roxana Mehran, Stefan K. James, Enrico Frigoli, Patrick Goldstein, Yi Li, Adeel Shahzad, Stefanie Schüpke, Ghazaleh Mehdipoor, Shmuel Chen, Björn Redfors, Aaron Crowley, Zhipeng Zhou, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Circulation (2023)

BACKGROUND: The benefit:risk profile of bivalirudin versus heparin anticoagulation in patients with non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is uncertain. Study-level meta-analyses lack granularity to provide conclusive answers. We sought to compare the outcomes of bivalirudin and heparin in patients with non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing PCI. METHODS: We performed an individual patient data meta-analysis of patients with non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction in all 5 trials that randomized ≥1000 patients with any myocardial infarction undergoing PCI to bivalirudin versus heparin (MATRIX [Minimizing Adverse Hemorrhagic Events by Transradial Access Site and Systemic Implementation of Angiox], VALIDATE-SWEDEHEART [Bivalirudin Versus Heparin in ST-Segment and Non–ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients on Modern Antiplatelet Therapy in the Swedish Web System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies Registry Trial], ISAR-REACT 4 [Intracoronary Stenting and Antithrombotic Regimen: Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment 4], ACUITY [Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy], and BRIGHT [Bivalirudin in Acute Myocardial Infarction vs Heparin and GPI Plus Heparin Trial]). The primary effectiveness and safety end points were 30-day all-cause mortality and serious bleeding. RESULTS: A total of 12 155 patients were randomized: 6040 to bivalirudin (52.3% with a post-PCI bivalirudin infusion), and 6115 to heparin (53.2% with planned glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use). Thirty-day mortality was not significantly different between bivalirudin and heparin (1.2% versus 1.1%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.24 [95% CI, 0.86–1.79]; P =0.25). Cardiac mortality, reinfarction, and stent thrombosis rates were also not significantly different. Bivalirudin reduced serious bleeding (both access site–related and non—access site–related) compared with heparin (3.3% versus 5.5%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.48–0.72; P &lt;0.0001). Outcomes were consistent regardless of use of a post-PCI bivalirudin infusion or routine lycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use with heparin and during 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing PCI, procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin and heparin did not result in significantly different rates of mortality or ischemic events, including stent thrombosis and reinfarction. Bivalirudin reduced serious bleeding compared with heparin arising both from the access site and nonaccess sites.
The SeLECT 2.0 Score—Significance of Treatment With Antiseizure Medication
Authors: Jakob I. Doerrfuss, Martin Holtkamp, Bernd J. Vorderwülbecke
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Incidental Coronary Artery Calcium on Chest CT in Persons Without Known Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Matthew C. Tattersall, Robyn L. McClelland, Prashant Nagpal, Roderick Deaño, Michael J. Blaha, James H. Stein
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2023)

This cross-sectional study examines the expected prevalence of coronary artery calcium (CAC) on chest computed tomography (CT) in people without clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) by age, sex, and race and ethnicity.
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and neurodegenerative diseases: Past, present, and future
Authors: Meng-Ling Hu, Yi-Ru Pan, Yuan-Yuan Yong, Yi Liu, Lu Yu, Da-Lian Qin, Gan Qiao, Betty Yuen-Kwan Law, Jian-Ming Wu, Xiao-Gang Zhou, An-Guo Wu
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2023)